TS1

TRUSSES
 TS2

CONTENTS :
1. Introduction.
2. Plane truss.
3. Statical determinacy and stability of trusses.
4. Analysis of statically determinate plane truss.
5. Sign conventions used.
6. Method of joints.
7. Identification of zero force members.
8. Examples on method of joints.
9. Method of sections.
10. Examples on method of sections.
11. Exercise problems.
 TS3

INTRODUCTION :
A truss is an articulated (skeletal) structure with hinged
or ball and socket joints. It is an assemblage of slender
bars fastened together at their ends by smooth pins or ball
and socket joints acting as hinges.
Plane truss: A truss consisting of members which lie in a
plane and are loaded in the same plane is called a plane
truss. Ex: Roof truss, bridge truss, etc.
Space truss: A truss made up of members not lying in
the same plane is referred to as space truss. Ex: Electric
power transmission tower, microwave tower, etc.
 TS4

APPLICATIONS

Plane Truss Space Truss

Trussed Bridge Braced Frame

TS5
 TS6

PLANE TRUSS :
The basic element of a plane truss is three members
(bars, angles,tubes,etc) arranged to form a triangle. To this
base triangle, two more members are added to locate a new
joint, and the process continued to form the complete truss.

The truss built in such a

manner is called as ‘Simple
Truss’.
 TS7

A truss is held in position by the supports and the

loads are applied only at joints.

The free body diagram of a member shows that it is

acted upon by two equal and opposite forces.
The hinged joint permits members to rotate with
respect to each other and hence the members are
subjected to purely axial forces.

T T

Tension Member
 TS8

C C

Compression Member

The convention for internal forces, i.e., the action of

forces in the members on the joints is shown.
T C

TENSION COMPRESSION
 TS9

STATICAL DETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF

TRUSSES :

Let m = number of unknown member forces.

c = number of unknown constrained reaction components
( usually three, if statically determinate externally )
j = number of joints
Each joint has two equations of equilibrium (H=0 and
V=0).
Hence number of equilibrium equations available = 2j.
Total number of unknowns = m + c
 TS10

STATICAL DETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF

TRUSSES : (contd..)
If total number of unknowns is equal to total number of
equations available, then the truss is statically determinate.
i.e., m+c = 2j
If number of unknowns is more than the number of
available equations, then the truss is statically
indeterminate.
i.e., m+c > 2j
If the number of unknowns is less than the number of
available equations, then the truss is unstable.
i.e., m+c < 2j
 TS11

STATICAL DETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF

TRUSSES : (contd..)

Degree of indeterminacy, i = (m+c) – 2j

Degree of external indeterminacy, ie = c – 3

Degree of internal indeterminacy. ii = i – ie = m+3 – 2j

 TS12

STATICAL DETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF

TRUSSES : (contd..)
When we consider the internal indeterminacy, we have the
following cases of truss:
(i) When ii = 0, m = 2j – 3 and the structure is statically
determinate internally and is stable. Such a truss is
called a perfect truss.
(ii) When ii < 0, the number of members provided is less
than that required for stability. Such a truss is called
unstable or deficient truss.
(iii)When ii > 0, number of members is more than the
number required. Such a truss is called statically
indeterminate or redundant truss.
 TS13

STATICAL DETERMINACY AND STABILITY OF

TRUSSES : (contd..)
When we consider the external indeterminacy, we have the
following cases of truss:

(i) When c = 3 (=> ie = 0 ), the truss is said to be

statically determinate externally.

(ii) When c < 3 (=> ie < 0 ), the truss is said to be

unstable externally.
(iii)When c > 3 (=> ie > 0 ), the truss is said to be
statically indeterminate externally.
 TS14

ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY DETERMINATE PLANE

TRUSS :
The assumptions made in the analysis are as follows:
The members of the truss are connected at the ends by
frictionless hinges.
The axes of all members lie in a single plane called
‘middle plane of the truss’.
All the external forces acting on the truss are applied at
the joints only.
All the loads are applied in the plane of the truss.
 TS15

The following methods of analysis will be adopted :

A.) Method of joints. B.) Method of sections.
SIGN CONVENTIONS USED :
Positive sign is used for tension.
Negative sign is used for compression.
Clockwise moment ( )is taken positive and anti-
clockwise moment ( ) is taken as negative.
METHOD OF JOINTS :
A member in a pin - jointed truss has only one internal
force resultant i.e., the axial force. Hence the F.B.D of any
joint is a concurrent system in equilibrium.
 TS16

METHOD OF JOINTS : (contd..)

The procedure for method of joints is as follows :
 The support reactions of the truss are first obtained
considering the three conditions of equilibrium, applied to
the truss as a whole (H=0, V=0 and M=0).
 Taking the F.B.D of a joint which has not more than two
unknowns (preferably), and applying the equations of
equilibrium for a coplanar concurrent force system (H=0
and V=0), the unknowns are evaluated.
 The analysis is continued with the next joint with
two unknowns (preferably), until the forces in all the
members are obtained.
 TS17

IDENTIFICATION OF ZERO FORCE MEMBERS :

1. When two of the three members meeting at a joint are
collinear, and no load is acting at the joint, then the force
in the third member is zero.
F A F
A
F F

2. When two members meet at a joint where no load is

acting, then the forces in those members are zero.
A A

A
 TS18

IDENTIFICATION OF ZERO FORCE MEMBERS :

(contd..)

3. When two members meet at a joint where there is a

support such that the support reaction is collinear with
any one member, then the force in the other member is
zero.
F=VA

VA
 TS19

EXAMPLE 1: Find the forces in the members of the truss

shown.

B B
H=0 => HA = 0
60º 60º
V=0 => VA + VC
D
30º D 30º C
HA A 30º 30º C
= 5kN
A
1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m Since truss is
5kN VA 5kN VC symmetrical,
VA = VC = 2.5 kN
 TS20

EXAMPLE 1: (contd..) Joint A:

B
FAB V=0 => FAB Sin30º
60º 60º A 30º
FAD => FAB==- -2.5
5kN = 5kN(C)
A 30º D 30º C 2.5kN
1.5m 1.5m
H=0 => FAD = FABCos30º
2.5kN 5kN 2.5kN
=> FAD = 4.33kN(T)
Joint D :

FBD V=0 => FBD = 5kN(T)

D
FCD H=0 => FCD = 4.33kN(T)
4.33kN
5kN
 TS21

EXAMPLE 1: (contd..)
B
Joint C :
FBC
60º 60º

D FCD 30º C
A 30º 30º C
1.5m 1.5m
2.5kN
2.5kN 5kN 2.5kN

V=0 => FBC Sin30º = - 2.5 Also, due to symmetry

of truss at joint C,
=> FBC = - 5kN = 5kN(C)
FBC = 5kN and
H=0 => FCD + FBC Cos30º = 0 FCD = 4.33kN
=> FCD = 4.33kN(T)
 TS22

EXAMPLE 1: (contd..) B

60º 60º
5kN 5kN 5kN
D
A 30º 30º C D C
1.5m 1.5m A
4.33kN 4.33kN
2.5kN 5kN 2.5kN
2.5kN 5kN 2.5kN

FAB = 5kN (C) FAD = 4.33kN (T)

FBD = 5kN (T) FCD = 4.33kN (T)
FBC = 5kN (C)
 TS23

EXAMPLE 2: Find forces in the members of the truss shown.

10kN 10kN
10kN B C 60º 10kN B C 60º

4m 4m
 A 
A D HA D
E E
4m 3m 4m 3m
VA VD
20kN 20kN
H = 0 => HA = 10 – 10Cos60º => HA = 5kN ( )
M about A = 0 => (10 x 4) + (10Sin60º x 4) – (10Cos60º x 4)
+ (20 x 4) – 7VD = 0 => VD = 19.23kN ( )
V = 0 => VA + VD = 20 – 10Sin60º = 28.66kN
=> VA = 9.43kN ( )
 TS24

EXAMPLE 2: (contd..) JOINT D: V=0

10kN
B F => - FCDSin() = 19.23
C 60 º CD
FDE 
10kN 45º D =>FCD = - 24.04kN (C)
4m =>FCD = 24.04kN (C)
19.23kN
A 45º
E

D H=0 => FDE = FCDCos()
5kN 4m 3m FDE = 14.42kN (T)
9.43kN 19.23kN V=0
20kN
tan() = 4/3 =>  = 53.13º => FCE = 24.04Sin() –10Sin60º
JOINT C: 10kN => FCE = 10.57kN (T)
FBC C 60º H=0

=> -FBC = 10Cos60º + 24.04Cos
FCE
24.04kN => FBC = - 19.42kN = 19.42kN(C)
 TS25

EXAMPLE 2: (contd..) FBE 10.57kN

10kN JOINT E: 45º E
B C 60º FAE 14.42kN
10kN 45º

4m V=0 20kN
A 45º  => FBESin45º = 20 – 10.57
D
5kN 4m
E 3m => FBE = 13.34kN (T)
9.43kN 19.23kN
20kN H=0 => FAE = 14.42 – FbeCos45º
=> FAE = 5kN (T)
JOINT B:
10kN B 19.42kN
45º V=0 => FAB = - 13.34Sin45º
FAB => FAB = - 9.43kN = 9.43kN(C)
13.34kN
 TS26

EXAMPLE 2: (contd..) 10kN

10kN 10kN B FBC C 60º
B C 60º
10kN 45º

4m FAB FBE FCD

A FCE
45º 
D
5kN 4m
E 3m 5kN A D
FAE E FDE
9.43kN 19.23kN
20kN
9.43kN 20kN 19.23kN
FAB = 9.43kN (C) FCD = 24.04kN (C) FDE = 14.42kN (T)
FBE = 13.34kN (T) FBC = 19.42kN (C)
F = 10.57kN (T) FAE = 5kN (T)
CE
 TS27

EXAMPLE 3: Determine the forces in the members of the

truss shown.
1kN 1kN
1kN C 1.5kN
D tan(1) = 4/8 => 1 = 26.57 º
B
4m
tan(2) = 4/4 => 2 = 45º
A E
F
4m 4m 4m 1kN 1kN
1kN C 1.5kN
2 D
B 1
1 4m
HA 1 1
E
A F
VA VE
4m 4m 4m
 TS28

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
1kN 1kN 1kN 1kN
1kN C 1.5kN 1kN C 1.5kN
D 2 D
B B 1
4m 1 4m
HA 1 1
A E E
F A F
VA VE
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

M about A=0=> (1x4) + (1x8) + (1x12) + (1.5x4) - 8VE = 0

V = 0 => VA=>
+VVEE =
=3.75kN
1+1+1 =( 3kN
) => VE = 0.75kN ( )

H = 0 => HA = 1.5kN ( )
 TS29

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
1kN 1kN JOINT A:
1kN C 1.5kN
2 D
FAB
B 1 1.5kN 1
1
FAF
A
1.5kN 1 1
E 0.75kN
A F
0.75kN 3.75kN

V=0 => FABSin 1 = 0.75 => FAB = 1.68kN (T)

H=0 => FAF =1.5 - FABCos 1 => FAF = 0

Also, at joint F, since no load is acting, FAF = FFE = FBF = 0.

 TS30

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
1kN 1kN JOINT B:
1kN C 1.5kN
2 D 1kN
FBC
B 1 B 1
1 1 1
1.5kN 1 1 FBE
E 1.68kN
A F
0.75kN 3.75kN

V=0 => FBC Sin1 - FBE Sin1 - 1 – 1.68 Sin1 = 0

=> FBC = 3.916 + FBE (1)
H=0 => FBCCos 1 + FBE Cos 1 – 1.68 Cos1 = 0
=> 3.916 + FBE + FBE = 1.68 (from 1)
=> FBE = - 1.118kN = 1.12kN ( C )
 TS31

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
1kN 1kN JOINT C:
1kN C 1.5kN
2 D 1kN
B 1 C FCD
1 1
1.5kN 1 1
E FCE
A F
0.75kN 3.75kN 2.8kN

V=0 => FCE = - 2.8Sin1 – 1 => FCE = - 2.25kN

=> FCE = 2.25kN(C)

H=0 => FCD = 2.8Cos

Cos 1 => FCD = 2.5kN ( T )
 TS32

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
JOINT D :
1kN 1kN
1kN 1kN
C 1.5kN
2 D
2.5kN 1.5kN
B 1 2 D
1
1.5kN 1 1
FDE
E
A F
0.75kN 3.75kN

V=0 => FDESin45º + 1 = 0

=> FDE = - 1.414kN = 1.414kN (C)
 TS33

EXAMPLE 3: (contd..)
1kN 1kN
1kN C 1.5kN
2 D
B 1 1kN 1kN
1
1.5kN 1 1 FCD
E 1kN C
A F FBC D
1.5kN
0.75kN 3.75kN
FAB B FCE
FBE FDE
FBF
FAB = 1.68kN (T) 1.5kN E
A FAF F FFE
FBC = 2.8kN (T) 0.75kN 3.75kN

FCD = 2.5kN (T) FAF = FFE = FBF = 0

FBE = 1.12kN (C) FCE = 2.25kN (C) FDE = 1.414kN (C)
 TS34

EXAMPLE 4: Find the forces in the members of the

cantilever truss shown below.
A B C

3m

G F E D

20kN 20kN 20kN

3m 3m 3m

The truss is a cantilever. Hence we can start the analysis

from free end and thus avoid the calculations for reactions.
 TS35

EXAMPLE 4: (contd..) JOINT C:

A B C
FBC C
28.28kN
45º
FCE
45º 45º 45º
D
G F E V=0 => FCE = - 28.28Cos45º
20kN 20kN 20kN
JOINT D: FCE = - 20kN
FDC FCE = 20kN (C)
45º D
H=0 => FBC = 28.28Sin45º
FDE 20kN => FBC = 20kN (T)

V=0 => FDCSin45º = 20 => FDC = 28.28kN (T)

H=0 => FDE = - FDCCos45º => FDE = -20kN
=> FDE = 20kN(C)
 TS36

EXAMPLE 4: (contd..) JOINT B:

A B C
B 20kN
FAB
45º
FBF 56.57kN
45º 45º 45º
D
G F E
20kN 20kN 20kN V=0 => -FBF - 56.57Sin45º=0
JOINT E: => FBF = - 40kN = 40kN (C)
FBE 20kN
H=0
45º 20kN  -FAB + 20+56.57Cos45º = 0
FEF E =>FAB = 60kN (T)
20kN
V=0 => FBESin45º - 20 – 20 = 0 => FBE = 56.57kN (T)
H=0=>-FEF - FBECos45º - 20 = 0=> FEF = - 60kN = 60kN (C)
 TS37

EXAMPLE 4: (contd..)
A B C

45º 45º 45º

D
G F E
20kN 20kN 20kN

JOINT F: V=0 => FAF Sin45º - 40 – 20 = 0

=> FAF = 84.85kN (T)
FAF 40kN
45º 60kN H=0 =>-FGF - 60 - 84.85Sin45º FAF =0
FGF => FGF = -120kN = 120kN(C)
20kN
 TS38

EXAMPLE 4: (contd..)
A B C
FAB = 60kN(T)
FBC = 20kN(T)
45º 45º 45º
D
G F E FAF = 84.85kN(T)
20kN 20kN 20kN
FBE = 56.57kN(T)
FAB Fbc
A B FCD = 28.28kN(T)
C

FAF FBF FBE FCE FCD FBF = 40kN(C)

FCE = 20kN(C)
D
G FGF F FEF E FDE FGF = 120kN(C)
20kN 20kN 20kN FEF = 60kN(C)
FDE = 20kN(C)
 TS39

METHOD OF SECTIONS :

In this method we can directly determine the force in any

member without proceeding to that member by a joint by
joint analysis. The method is as follows :

 Determine the reactions at the supports of the truss given.

 Take an imaginary cutting plane through the truss,
dividing it into two parts, such that it passes through
members in which forces are required.
 TS40

METHOD OF SECTIONS : (contd..)

 The cutting plane should be taken in such a way that it cuts

a maximum of three members in which forces are unknown,

preferably.
 Now consider any one part to the left or right of the section,
and evaluate the unknowns by applying the conditions of
equilibrium for the coplanar non-concurrent force system
(H=0, V=0 and M=0).
 TS41

EXAMPLE 5: Find the forces in the members DE and DF for

B D F
the truss shown.
2kN
6m
A 6m 6m 6m
E
C G tan() = (6/3)
2kN 5kN
=>  = 63.43ْ
2kN B D F
    
6m
A      
HG
6m C 6m E 6m G
2kN VC 5kN VG

M about G=0=>12VC - (5x6) - (2x18) + (2x6) = 0

=> V = 4.5kN ( )
 TS42

EXAMPLE 5: (contd..)
B D F
2kN
6m
A 6m 6m 6m
C
E
G tan() = (6/3)
2kN 5kN =>  = 63.43ْ
2kN B D F
    
6m
A      
HG
6m C 6m E 6m G
2kN 4.5kN 5kN VG

V=0 => VG - 2 - 5 + 4.5 = 0 => VG = 2.5kN ( )

H=0 => HG = 2kN ( )
 TS43

EXAMPLE 5: (contd..)
2kN B D X F
    
6m
A      
6m C 6m E 6m G
2kN
2kN 4.5kNX 5kN 2.5kN
Take section X-X cutting members DE and DF as shown
above and consider the right portion as shown below.
X ME = 0 => - 6FDF – 6x2.5 = 0
FDF F
FDE
 => FDF = - 2.5kN = 2.5kN( C )
6m
FCE    V = 0
2kN
6m E 6m G => FDE Sin + 2.5 – 5 = 0
X
5kN 2.5kN => FDE = 2.79kN (T )
 TS44

EXAMPLE 6: Calculate the forces in the members BC,

BD and CE for the truss shown in figure. All
members are 3m long.
F F

1
2
B D 60º 60º
B D
60º 60º

A E E
A
C C
15kN 10kN 2
15kN 1 10kN
 TS45

EXAMPLE 6: (contd..) F Take section 1-1 as shown

cutting BC & BD, and
1 consider the left portion.
B D 60º 1
60º
B
60º FBD

A E
FBC
C
A
15kN 10kN FAC
1
V=0 => FBC Sin60º + 15 = 0 15kN 1
=> FBC = -17.32kN = 17.32kN (C)
M about A =0 => (FBC x 3Sin60º) + (FBD x 3Sin60º) = 0
=> FBD = 17.32kN (T)
 TS46

EXAMPLE 6: (contd..) F Take section 2-2 as shown

cutting CD & BD, and
2 consider the left portion.
B D 60º 2
FBC =17.32kN
60º
B

FCD
A E
C
2 60º
15kN 10kN FCE
A C 2
V=0 =>FCD Sin60º - 15 – 10 = 0
=> FCD = 28.87kN (T) 15kN 10kN
H=0 => FCE + FCD Cos60 + 17.32 = 0
=> FCE = - 31.75kN = 31.75kN (C)
 TS47

EXAMPLE 7: Find force in member BD for the truss shown

in figure.

10kN Since at joint F, there is only

HF F E 45º
one member, the net reaction
2m
will be equal and opposite to
VF = 0 2m 10kN the member force.
45º
C D
2m Hence there is only a
B horizontal reaction at F
HA A
2m 20kN
and the vertical reaction
VA VF = 0.
 TS48

EXAMPLE 7: (contd..) 10kN

HF F E 45º
2m

VF = 0 2m 10kN
V=0 => VA - 20 - (2x10Sin45º) = 0 C
45º
D
=> VA = 34.14kN ( )
2m

M about A=0 HA A B
=>4HF – (4x10Cos45º) – (2x10Cos45º) 2m 20kN
VA
+ (2x20) + (2x10Sin45º) = 0
=> HF = - 2.93kN = 2.93kN ( )
H=0 => HA = (2x10Cos45º) + 2.93 => HA = 17.07kN ( )
 TS49

EXAMPLE 7: (contd..) Take section X-X as shown cutting

10kN CE, CD & BD, and consider the
2.93kN E 45º left portion. X
F 2m X FCE
VF = 0 2m 10kN
45º FCD
C D C
FBD
2m 2m X
X
A B 17.07kN B
17.07kN
2m 20kN A 2m
34.14kN 34.14kN 20kN
M about C=0 => (20x2) – (2x17.07) – (2xFbd) = 0
=> FBD = 2.93kN (T)
 TS50

EXAMPLE 8: If force in member BD is 2kN(C), find the

force P in the truss shown.
B a D
60º 60º

a a a a h

60º 60º 60º 60º

HA E
a C a
A
VA P VE
H=0 => HA = 0 Because of symmetry, VA = VE = P/2
Also h = aSin60º = 0.866a
 TS51

EXAMPLE 8: (contd..)
X 2kN X
B a D B
60º
60º 60º
FBC
a a a a h=
0.866a
60º 60º 60º 60º A 60º FAC
A E
a C a
P/2 X P/2 P/2 X
P
Take section X-X as shown cutting BD, BC & AC and
consider the left portion.
M about A=0
=>(0.866a x 2)–(0.866a x FBCCos60º)–((a/2) x FBCSin60º) = 0
=> FBC = 2kN (T) V=0 => FBC Sin60º = P/2 => P = 3.46kN
 TS52

EXAMPLE 9: Find the forces in members DF, EF and EG

of the truss shown
15kN 5kN
tan() = 3/4 =>  = 36.87º
A B
3m M about G=0
15kN  5kN => [ (3+6+9) x (15+5)] – 4VH = 0
C  D => VH = 90kN ( )
3m
15kN  5kN V=0 => VH – VG = 0
E F => VG = - VH
3m => VG = - 90kN = 90kN ( )
G H
4m H=0 => HG - (15x3) - (5x3) = 0
HG
VG VH => HG = 60kN ( )
 TS53

EXAMPLE 9: (contd..) Take section X-X as shown cutting

DF, EF & EG and consider the right
15kN 5kN portion. X F
DF
A B FEF
 5kN
3m FEG F
15kN 5kN X
C D 60kN 
X H
3m G
90kN 90kN
15kN 5kN
E F H=0 => FEF + 60 – 5 = 0
X => FEF = - 55kN = 55kN(C)
G H M about F= 4FEG–(4x90)+(3x60)=0
60kN 4m
=> FEG = 45kN(T)
90kN 90kN
 TS54

EXAMPLE 9: (contd..)
X F
DF
15kN 5kN FEF
 5kN
A B FEG F
3m X
15kN 5kN 60kN 
H
C D G
X 90kN 90kN
3m
15kN 5kN
V=0 => FEG + FDF + 90 – 90 = 0
E F
X => FDF = – FEG= – 45kN = 45kN(C)
G H
60kN 4m
90kN 90kN
 TS55

EXERCISE 1: Find the forces in members of the truss

shown below.

20kN 20kN 20kN

A F E D
Solution :
4m
FAB = 84.9kN(C)
B C FEF = 60kN(T)
4m 4m 4m
FBC = 20kN(C)
FBE = 56.67kN(C)
 TS56

EXERCISE 2: Find the forces in members of the truss

shown below. 3kN
B
6kN
30º C

3kN
A 60º 60º 30º D
Solution :
2m E 1kN 2m
FAB = 6.57kN(C) FCE = 6kN(C)
FBC = 6.19kN(C) FDE = 3.87kN(T)
FAE = 2.71kN(C) FCD = 6.19kN(C)
 TS57

EXERCISE 3: Find the forces in members of the truss

shown below.
10kN 5kN
A B C

2.4m

D E
1.8m 1.8m 1.8m 1.8m

Solution : FAB = 7.5kN(T) FBE = 18.75kN(C)

FBC = 26.25kN(T) FCE = 43.75kN(C)
FAD = 12.5kN(C) FDE = 15kN(T)
FBD = 12.5kN(T)
 TS58

EXERCISE 4:Find the forces in members CE, CF and FH

of the truss shown below.
20kN B C E G I

3m

A J
3m D 3m F 3m H 3m

Solution : FCE = 10kN(T)

FCF = 7.07kN(C)
FFH =5kN(T)
 TS59

EXERCISE 5: Find the force in member GI of the truss

shown below.
A 15kN
2m
C D
B 15kN
2m
F G
E 15kN
2m
H I
4m

Solution : FGI = 22.5kN(C)

 TS60

EXERCISE 6: Find the forces in members CE and CD of

the truss shown below.
10kN
B 3m C 3m E 3m
40º G

D Solution :

A FCE = 11.92kN(T) FCD = 0

 TS61

EXERCISE 7: If force in member BC is 30kN(C), find

magnitude of load W.

E D

A a B a C

W W

Solution : W =10kN
 TS63

EXERCISE 8: Find the forces in members AB, BC and

CF of the truss shown below.

4kN 4kN 4kN

A B C D

2m

E F G
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

Solution : FAB = 3.6kN(T)

 TS64

THANK YOU.