Title of the Academic Paper: Vaccine confidence plummets in the Philippines following dengue vaccine scare:

why it matters to pandemic preparedness

Author/s:Publication (name of journal and or link): Heidi J Larson, Kenneth Hartigan-Go &Alexandre de

Figueiredo

https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1522468
Research questions:

1. What is the extent of the effect of issue on “Dengvaxia” on the confidence of the citizens of the Philippines
to the importance of Vaccine?
2. Do citizens of the Philippines trust the vaccination program of the government?

Research Design and Methods Used: Representative Sampling Approach, Survey, and Interview

Respondents/Informants:

Summary of major findings: Episodes such as the Philippines response to the dengue vaccine risk, despite it
benefits, are signals of deep dissent and distrust that needs to be considered in advance of a pandemic. While health
authorities and immunization programmes cannot resolve broader political tensions and societal polarization, two
steps can be taken. Firstly, to re-establish credibility for a damaged reputation of and confidence in the Philippines
Department of Health and in the immunization programme, but secondly for the global players involved to examine
this experience and consider its handling of risk in times of uncertainty.

Describe the relevance of the finding s to your proposed topic: This study tells us about the importance of
maintaining the trust of the people when it comes to vaccines.

Gist of the Theories used: Vaccine confidence in the Philippines has declined across all four measures of
confidence measured by the Vaccine Confidence Project.

Describe the relevance of the theories used to your proposed topic (possible not relevant) : The importance of
measuring the competency level of officials in promulgating vaccination programs.

Research Gap/s or Questions you had in mind while reading the material but no answers were given:

1. What should the government do to maintain the trust of the people regarding effectiveness of vaccines?
Title of the Academic Paper: Policy Responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in
the Philippines: January to April 2020

Author/s:Publication (name of journal and or link): Benjamin M. Vallejo Jr. and Rodrigo Angelo C.Ong
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100115

Research questions:

1. When to lift the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) as informed by epidemiological modelling. 
2. How the Philippines can respond to a future pandemic crisis. 

Research Design and Methods Used: Direct Observation and Secondary Data

Respondents/Informants:

Summary of major findings: In this paper we have narrated how the Philippine government responded to the
COVID 19 pandemic at all levels, including the inclusion of science advice and its consideration of science
information. We illustrated the various contexts of formulating a policy informed by epidemiological models. And
while David et al. recommends the extension of ECQ and GCQ beyond April 30, 2020, the uncertainties remain, the
questions associated with crisis which we hope will be addressed by developing science advisory systems and
structures for crises and emergencies taking into consideration social, economic and human rights contexts.

In the COVID 19 crisis the Philippine government and its public has immediately recognized the importance of the
role of scientists providing science information in economic and political life. This present an opportunity never
before in the history of the Philippines, to locate science and technology as essential to responsive government and
governance.

Describe the relevance of the findings to your proposed topic: The study tells us the importance of government
capabilities in handling the pandemic.

Gist of the Theories used: We propose a SAGE (Science Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) like entity
which will provide formal science advice not only for pandemics but other kinds of crisis and may identify
important institutional developmental needs such as a Philippine Center for Disease Control. A Philippine version of
SAGE may enhance the present policies for DRRM and is in line with the 2015 Sendai Framework Philippine
SAGE can be immediately convened in a crisis and meets at regular intervals under normal circumstances as it will
have institutional support from the Executive. The Chair of the SAGE will be the President's chief science advisor.
A Philippine SAGE will provide timely science advice to the President of the Philippines as it will be under the
Office of the President in support of cabinet functions. A Philippine SAGE is not a TWG for it will not be ad hoc
but exist under a presidential Executive Order or could be legislated by Congress. Science Advisory Group for
Emergencies (SAGE)

Describe the relevance of the theories used to your proposed topic (possible not relevant):

Research Gap/s or Questions you had in mind while reading the material but no answers were given:

1. What is the importance of entities like SAGE (Science Advisory Group for Emergence) to governments
pandemic response and control?
Title of the Academic Paper: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 among income-poor
households in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study

Author/s:Publication (name of journal and or link): Lincoln Leehang Lau, Natalee Hung, Daryn Joy
Go, Jansel Ferma,Mia Choi,Warren Dodd, and Xiaolin Wei

doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.011007

Research questions:

1.  How COVID-19 was perceived by households experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines.

Research Design and Methods Used: Survey and Statistical approach

Respondents/Informants:  Respondents from 166 communities in rural, urban and coastal settings.

Summary of major findings There is a need for targeted health education as a response strategy to COVID-19 in
low-income settings, and it is important that strategies are contextually relevant. Understanding KAPs (knowledge,
attitudes, and practices) among populations experiencing extreme poverty will be important as tailored guidance for
public health response and communication strategies are developed for LMICs (low- and middle-income countries).

Describe the relevance of the findings to your proposed topic: This study tells us about the importance of KAPs
(Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) on how it can help impoverished citizens in the battle against the COVID-19
pandemic.

Gist of the Theories used: Handwashing appears to be the most common preventive practice, adopted by 1879
(89.9%) respondents in response to COVID-19. Interestingly, there were discrepancies observed between the
proportion of participants who reported adopting certain practices and the proportion of participants who identified
those same practices as a potential preventive measure. While 1314 (62.9%) respondents reported that they now
avoided crowded places because of COVID-19, only 849 (40.6%) selected ‘avoiding large crowds’ as a preventive
measure against the virus. Similarly, 1378 (65.9%) respondents said that they currently keep a distance from people
with influenza-like symptoms, but when framed as a potential preventive measure, only 677 (32.4%) of respondents
selected ‘social distancing’ as an option. Finally, only 585 (28.0%) reported wearing face masks as a response to the
virus. Factors associated with the adoption of preventive practices include having higher educational qualifications
and having at least one working phone

Describe the relevance of the theories used to your proposed topic (possible not relevant): N/A

Research Gap/s or Questions you had in mind while reading the material but no answers were given:

1. Does the government have the capability to provide emergency support to vulnerable populations,
including individuals and households experiencing poverty?
Title of the Academic Paper: Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case
Study on COVID-19

Author/s:Publication (name of journal and or link): Charlle Sy, Ezekiel Bernardo, Angelimarie
Miguel, Jayne Lois San Juan, Andres Philip Mayol, Phoebe Mae Ching, Alvin Culaba, Aristotle Ubando and
Jose Edgar Mutuc 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-020-00130-x

Research questions:

1. What are the system dynamics model of COVID-19 for different scenarios in aiming to equip decision-
makers with evidence-based judgment in the control of the outbreak.

Research Design and Methods Used: Mathematical and statistical models, System Dynamics, and Hypothetical
and literature-based data

Respondents/Informants:  

Summary of major findings: The COVID-19 outbreak has proven to be a complex problem with effects rooted in
public health and economics among some. It is crucial that deeper analysis and assessment frameworks are
developed to support decision-making for risk management strategies and transmission control interventions that
account for the interactions between participating sectors. Based on initial modeling, the most effective strategies
focus on avoiding exposure to the virus from happening in the first place; focusing on increasing healthcare
capacities only delays the inevitable system collapse as its effectiveness assumes people getting infected first.
System dynamics may also be utilized to gain better understanding of other aspects of the system, such as the
management of healthcare operations in the face of an influenza pandemic. Furthermore, other modeling techniques,
such as optimization modeling, may be employed for resource allocation, especially in the face of scarce essential
commodities and medical supplies. It may also be used to select between feasible policy alternatives and to
operationalize their implementation based on various, and even conflicting, stakeholder objectives.

Describe the relevance of the findings to your proposed topic: The study tells us how Urban and Rural officials
can improve their capabilities in handling the pandemic.

Gist of the Theories used: Community quarantine is intended to starve the virus, by preventing the spread of the
disease between households. Depending on the duration of the quarantine period, this can merely delay the peak of
the pandemic without significantly lowering overall infection. Gradual quarantine lifting, i.e., reducing the
stringency of quarantine over time, gives an opportunity for the economy to recover faster while keeping the
potential for infection under control

Describe the relevance of the theories used to your proposed topic (possible not relevant): N/A

Research Gap/s or Questions you had in mind while reading the material but no answers were given:

1. What is the importance of system dynamics model of COVID-19 in improving the capability of Rural and
Urban Officials as Public Servant during the pandemic?
Title of the Academic Paper: An Analysis on the Panic of Filipinos During COVID-19 Pandemic in the
Philippines
Author/s:Publication (name of journal and or link): Christian Jasper C. Nicomedes, Ronn Mikhael A. Avila

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian_Jasper_Nicomedes/publication/340081049_An_Analysis_on_t
he_Panic_of_Filipinos_During_COVID-
19_Pandemic_in_the_Philippines/links/5e7606aa299bf1892cfc4dd3/An-Analysis-on-the-Panic-of-Filipinos-
During-COVID-19-Pandemic-in-the-Philippines.pdf

Research questions:

1. What are the panic responses of the people as well as the perception on the global issue regarding the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Design and Methods Used: Mixed Methods and Health Anxiety Inventory

Respondents/Informants:  

Summary of major findings : In conclusion, the level of Symptoms of Hypochondriasis, Attitude on Acquiring
COVID-19, Avoidance, and Reassurance Seeking of the Filipinos is moderate. Results also show that there is a
significant difference in the Avoidance behavior between residents inside Metro Manila and Outside Metro Manila.
Furthermore, a significant difference also shows on the Symptoms of Hypochondriasis between exposure to
COVID-19. COVID-19 Panic Framework were also conceptualized with the following themes arranged from
negative to positive behaviors: Indifference, Annihilation, Nihilism, Paranoia, Sadness, Fear, Transmission of Virus,
Shock, Government Blaming, Anxiety, Relating to Past Pandemics, Worry on Self/Family/Others, Information
Dissemination, Composure, Compliance, Protection, Cautiousness, Optimism, and Health Consciousness. Lastly,
the common theme of highest scorers on Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) were Fear, Social Distancing and Health
Consciousness. And Information Dissemination whereas the lowest scorers show disclosed Indifference and
Nihilism. On the other hand, both highest and lowest scorers had indistinguishable themes such as social distancing
and information dissemination.

Describe the relevance of the findings to your proposed topic: This study shows us how can the Urban and Rural
officials address the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gist of the Theories used: COVID-19 Panic Framework were also conceptualized with the following themes
arranged from negative to positive behaviors: Indifference, Annihilation, Nihilism, Paranoia, Sadness, Fear,
Transmission of Virus, Shock, Government Blaming, Anxiety, Relating to Past Pandemics, Worry on
Self/Family/Others, Information Dissemination, Composure, Compliance, Protection, Cautiousness, Optimism, and
Health Consciousness.
Describe the relevance of the theories used to your proposed topic (possible not relevant): N/A

Research Gap/s or Questions you had in mind while reading the material but no answers were given:

1. How can the Urban and Rural Official help address the psychological effect of COVID-19 to their
constituents?