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Polynomials
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= 391322860
On putting the values of a, b and c in Eq. (1), we get
Lowest value of x2 + 4x + 2 is
f ^x h =- 1 x2 + 0x + 2
7.
(a) 0 (b) 2 2
(c) 2 (d) 4
f ^x h =- 1 x2 + 2
2
Ans : (b) 2
11. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial
x2 + 4x + 2 = ^x2 + 4x + 2h - 2 f ^xh = 2x3 - 3kx2 + 4x - 5 is 6, then the value of k is
Lowest value =- 2 (a) 2 (b) - 2
When, x+2 = 0 (c) 4 (d) - 4
On solving Eq. (2), (3) and (4), we get On substituting, a + b = - b and ab = c in the
a a
above equation, we get
a = - 1 , b = 0 and c = 2
2
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Chap 2 : Polynomials www.rava.org.in
2 2
As, ^x - ah and ^x - b h are the factors of polynomial
a 4 + b 4 = =b - b l - 2 c c mG - 2 c c m
2
a a a p ^x h .
2 2 2 Then, p ^x h = ^x - ah^x - b h
= <b 2 - 2c F - 2c2
a a a = ^x - ah^x + ah 6b =- a@
2 2 2
= <b - 22ac F - 2c2
2 2 2
= x -a = x -k
a a
[where, a2 = k is positive term]
^b2 - 2ac h2 2c2
= - 2 So, x2 + ax + b = x2 - k
a4 a
^b2 - 2ac h2 - 2a2 c2 Then, a = 0 and ^x + k h , ^x - k h are the linear
=
a4 factors of polynomial p ^x h .
Hence, if one of the zeroes of quadratic olynomial p ^x h
14. The polynomial f ^x h = ax3 + bx - c is divisible by the
is the negative of the other, then it has linear factor
polynomial g ^x h = x2 + bx + c , c ! 0 , if
and the constant term is negative, i.e. b < 0 .
(a) ab = 2 (b) ab = 1
(c) ac = 2 (d) c = 2b 16. If a, b and g are the zeroes of the polynomial
p ^x h = ax3 + 3bx2 + 3cx + d and having relation
Ans : (b) ab = 1
2b = a + g , then 2b3 - 3abc + a2 d is
If ax3 + bx - c is exactly divisible by x2 + bx + c , then
(a) - 1 (b) 1
the remainder should be zero.
On dividing, we get (c) 0 (d) None of the above
Ans : (c) 0
Given, p ^x h = ax3 + 3bx2 + 3cx + d
On comparing with Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D , we get
A = a , B = 3b , C = 3c and D = d
Then, sum of zeroes,
a + b + g = - B =- 3b ...(1)
A a
Product of zeroes taken two at a time,
ab + bg + ga = C
A
Quotient = ax - ab and,
remainder = ^ab2 + b - ac h x + abc - c = 0 ab + bg + ga = 3c ...(2)
a
^ab + b - ac h x + abc - c = 0
2
and product of all zeroes,
Comparing the coefficient of x and constant term
both sides, we get abg = - D & abg =- d ...(3)
A d
ab2 + b - ac = 0 Also, 2b = a + g [given]
and abc - c = 0
2b = - 3b - b [From Eq. (1)]
ab = 1 a
2 b - b l + d = 3c :b = - b D
2
Since, one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
p ^x h is negative of the other. a b a a
ab < 0 & b < 0 [from Eq. (1)] 2b2 + d = 3c
So, b should be negative. a2 b a
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Chap 2 : Polynomials www.cbse.online
2b3 + a2 d = 3c x = y3 - 3y + 2
a2 d a Here, we see that given polynomial is in y variable.
2 In this case, the intersection point on Y -axis is
2b3 + a2 d = 3a bc = 3abc the required zeroes of the given polynomial. To
a
draw its graph, we need some different values of x
2b3 - 3abc + a2 d = 0 Hence proved. corresponding to different value of y .
Then, we get the following table:
17. If the square of difference of the zeroes of the quadratic
polynomial x2 + px + 45 is equal to 144, then the value x 6 2 0 - 1/4 0 2
of p is
(a) ! 9 (b) ! 12 y -1 0 1 3/2 2 3
(c) ! 15 (d) ! 18 Now,plot all the points on the graph paper and join
them. Thus, we get the graph of y3 - 3y + 2 .
Ans : (d) ! 18
The intersection points on Y -axis are two distinct
Given that, f ^x h = x2 + px + 45 points whose y -coordinates are (0,1) and (0,2).
-p
Then, a+b = =- p
1
and ab = 45 = 45
1
According to given condition,
^a - b h2 = 144
^a + b h2 - 4ab = 144
^- p h2 - 4 ^45h = 144
p2 = 144 + 180
p2 = 324 & p = ! 18
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Chap 2 : Polynomials www.rava.org.in
= ab - ^a + b hb a + b l - ^1 + 8h
2 = =9
-4 4
(From Eq. (1)]
2. FILL IN THE BLANK
2ab - ^a + b h 2
=
2
1. A .......... polynomial is of degree one.
2ab - ^a2 + b2 + 2ab h Ans : Linear
=
2
^a2 + b2h 2. A cubic polynomial is of degree..........
=-
2 Ans : Three
21. Draw the graph of the polynomial - x2 + x + 2 and
find the maximum value of the polynomial. 3. We get the original number if we multiply the ..........
(a) 2 (b) 5 together.
2
Ans : Factors
(c) 9 (d) None of these
4
4. Degree of remainder is always .......... than degree of
Ans : (c) 9 divisor.
4 Ans : Smaller/less
Let the given quadratic polynomial be
y =- x2 + x + 2
5. .......... equation is valid for all values of its variables.
On comparing with ax2 + bx + c , we get
Ans : Identity
a =- 1, b = 1 and c = 2
Here, a =- 1 < 0 , so the shape of the parabola is
6. Polynomials of degrees 1, 2 and 3 are called .......... ,
opening downward. To draw its graphs, we need some
.......... and .......... polynomials respectively.
different values of y corresponding to different values
of x . Ans : linear, quadratic, cubic
Then, we get the following table.
7. .......... is not equal to zero when the divisor is not a
x -1 0 1/2 1 2 factor of dividend.
y 0 2 9/4 2 0 Ans : Remainder
Now, plot all the points on the graph and join them.
8. The zeroes of a polynomial p ^x h are precisely the x -
Thus, we get the graph of - x2 + x + 2 .
coordinates of the points, where the graph of y = p ^x h
intersects the .......... axis.
Ans : x
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Chap 2 : Polynomials www.cbse.online
15. A liner polynomial is represented by a .......... zeroes. It depends upon the degree of the polynomial.
Ans : Straight line
12. Graph of a quadratic polynomial is an ellipse.
16. Zero of a polynomial is always .......... Ans : False
Ans : zero
13. The degree of the sum of two polynomials each of
17. A polynomial of degree n has at the most .......... degree 5 is always 5.
zeroes. Ans : False, x5 + 1 and - x5 + 2x + 3 are two
Ans : n polynomials of degree 5 but the degree of the sum of
the two polynomials is 1.
14.
6 x + x3/2 is a polynomial, x ! 0 .
3. TRUE/FALSE x 3/2
Ans : True, because 6 x + x = 6 + x , which is a
polynomial. x
1. A polynomial of degree n has exactly n zeros.
Ans : True 15. Every polynomial equation has at least one real root.
Ans : False
2. 3, -1, 1/3 are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial
p ^x h = 3x3 - 5x2 - 11x - 3 16. Product of zeroes of quadratic polynomial
Ans : True =- cons tan t term
^coefficient of x2h
3. Number of zeros that polynomial f ^x h = ^x - 2h2 + 4 Ans : False
can have is three.
Ans : False 17. If p ^x h = ax + b then zero of p ^x h is - b .
a
Ans : True
4. A cubic polynomial has atleast one zero.
Ans : False 18. Zeroes of quadratic polynomial x2 + 7x + 10 are 2 and
-5
5.
1 x 12 + 1 is a polynomial Ans : False
5
Ans : False, because the exponent of the variable is 19. Sum of zeroes of 2x2 - 8x + 6 is - 4
not a whole number. Ans : False
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Chap 2 : Polynomials www.rava.org.in
2. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Column-I Column-II assertion (A).
(Polynomial) (Remainder) (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(A) x3 - 3x2 + x + 2 (p) 8 (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
x2 - x + 1
1. Assertion : If a, b, g are the zeroes of x3 - 2x2 + qx - r
(B) x3 - 3x2 + 5x - 3 (q) x-5 and a + b = 0 , then 2q = r .
x+2 Reason : If a, b, g are the zeroes of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d ,
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