MISSION

HAGGAI Center for Professional Development an institution built with integrity, moral,
and respect, dedicates itself to provide education at its best. We endeavour to improve and
enhance peoples' knowledge through exceptional teaching methodology.

VISION

An ultimate partner in life-changing learning experience, Our vision is to cater outstanding

Owned and Operated by: services to different kinds of people Nationwide, and to take it further, Worldwide.

SERVICES OFFERED:

1. We offer review courses for the following specializations:

1. Civil Service Exam
2. Criminologist Licensure Examination
3. Psychometrician
4. Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers

2. We provide seminars, workshops, and other CPD-related services with credit units

GENERAL EDUCATION towards the renewal of the Professional Licenses or PRC Professional
Identification Cards of our country‘s professionals.
(Board Licensure Examinations for Professional Teachers)
REVIEWER PURPOSES

ASTRA Center for Professional Development, Inc.aims:

1. To develop the most effective plan of action for continuous learning for
professionals.
2. Organize and facilitate the continuing learning and development for Nurses,
Copyright: Teachers, Pharmacists, Midwives, and other Professionals Registered to the
2019 Professional Regulation Commission or PRC.
3. To partner with the public and private institutions to hasten the delivery of
PATERNO D. AGUILA
professional development and education for professionals.
ASTRA Academy of Southern Luzon/
Haggai Center for Professional Development 4. To provide the venue for exchange of knowledge and learning among the
professionals for latest breakthrough, trends, news and updates to the respective
professions,
5. To help students prepare for their licensure/certification exams by providing
quality and effective review program.

1
 GENERAL EDUCATION – ENGLISH
 ―A patriot is indefatigable in promoting political truth‖ . The
statement means a hero practices political truth.
 ―As far back as I can remember, our family had always been an extended
one. One grandmother was the mainstay in the family the silent strength
behind our mother who is daughter.‖ The informal guide and honorary
household chief n the extended family is the grandmother.
 ―Because of PROFANITY the program was suspended from television.‖
The capitalized word means Obscenity.
 ―Faster than a speeding bullet, the citizens Metropolis saw Superman
Flying overhead‖ has a misplaced modifier.
 “Holding wonder like a cup” is an example of simile.
 ―How much money did you bring for shopping?‖ could be answered
by the statement : None , but I have a credit card
 ―If you want the moon I will get it for you‖ is an example of hyperbole.
 “In the story, who is short?” is a question that fails under the litiral
Comprehension Level.
 ―My head is bloody but unbowed,‖ is hyperbole.
 ―Nothing happens in this world by chance; it is all of a grand design.‖The
Author speaks of ones destiny.
 ―Speak when you are angry and you will make the best speech you will
ever regret‖
Is a good advice for those who are ill-tempered and implusive.
 ―Stephen Crane was born in 1971 in new jersey, but his family settled in
New York.
His father, a Methodist minister, died when Stephen was nine years old.
He came to know
New York through its slum and street life, particularly in bowery.‖ The
most appropriate
Heading of the paragraph is Stephen family and boyhood.
 ―The figures must be TRANSMUTED in order to understand the grade.‖
The capitalized word means changed.
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 ― The rusting trees during winter‖ inspired Robert Frost in writing most
Of his inspirational poem is a example of onomatopoeia.
 ―The sun was a ball of fire over the mountain‖ is a Metaphor
 ― To be or not to be‖, the beginning of the soliloquy of hamlet express
A feeling of indecision.
 A ballad often rhymes abcd is not true about ballad.
 A good writer supports his generalizations with concrete examples.
 A lengthy poem about a heroic figure usually with superpowers is called
epic.
 A number of endangered species living underwater are now extinct
Because of illegal hunting and dynamite fishing. Sentence beginning with
a number always take a plural verb.
 A poem is usually composed of fourteen lines which follow specific
patterns of rhyme is called sonnet.
 A story put together through an exchange of letters like urbana and felisa
Is called epistolary literature.
 Abraham Lincoln wrote oratorical piece the Gettysburg Address.
 According to the current linguistic theories the best definition of the
meaning of the word is its use in in a particular situation.
 According to the report done by the fire department, the explosion was
caused by a loose connection.
 Adults acquire new words and experience primarily through exposure to
their use.
 Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaeans has a fondness for woman which
is synonymous to penchant.
 Algies family lives (on,in) ipil street because on is use to indicates days,
Complete dates and names of street, avenues and boulevard.
 Allegory is symbolic fictional account conveying meanings/s beyond
The literal.
 Alliteration is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of words
In lines of poetry and even in prose.
 Among crane brine, pristine and quarantine , brine sounds like fine.
 An audience should be regarded as people who have views different
from you.
 An early tragedy about two teenage star-crossed lovers which end with
Their suicides , uniting rival households of a long-running family feud is
Romeo and Juliet.
 Arnold would read any book or magazine he could lay his hands on and
read from cover to cover in one sitting therefore he is such voracious
reader.
 Assumption does not belong with the word summary , synthesis and
generalization because all of them connotes ―wrapping up‖ a particular
text.
 At the Philippine General hospital , doctors reported on the abandoned
Patients which mean the patients are left behind by relatives.
 Avoiding challenging tasks is NOT characteristics of people with the
strong sense of self efficacy.
 Bank provide convenient service to costumer 24 hours a day via ATMs.
 Becky sharp the main character of the novel ―Vanity Fair‖ by Thackeray,
has been trying to forget about her first love , but she knows that doing
So takes a lifetime. The verb is in present perfect progressive tense.
 Bienvinido Santos is a Filipino migrant writer whose fiction stories
Reflect the Filipinos concepts of American culture.
 Children who have watching a lot of television would likely suffer from
short attention span.
 Christian Faith was the central focus of much of philippine literature
during The Hispanic colonial period.
 Classical is an artistic tradition that seeks to revive past glory in various
forms.
 Considering the ―tayo-tayo‖ mentality f the Filipinos, one goal for
CHANGE that should be worked on is to develop a sense of common
good.
 De Maupassant was the foremost French short story writer.
 Democracy was the dream realized by nelson Mandela.
 Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes immortal novel rode forth to defend
the oppressed and right the wrong
 Drama (appears, appear) to be the most interesting co-curricular activity
of the year.
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 During seminars or lecture forums you should clarify what you didn‘t
understand by waiting for the open forum to politely ask questions.
 Edgar Allan Poe is known as the father of horror/Detective stories .
Among His famous works are Annabel Lee, The Raven, The fall of the
house of usher and The Cask of amontillado.
 Editorial section is the part of the newspaper where you can see the
Opinions of people.
 Educational of psychology is the applications of principles of theories
Of human behavior in teaching and learning.
 Egyptian Literature is identified Mediterranean literature.
 Emily Dickinson is known for her condor about some issues on poetic
Freedom meaning she exhibit frankness.
 Emphatic Verbs are use to give certain emphasis like do, does and did.
 Equating the artist as an ―improviser means he/she selects subjects at
random.
 Even when her friends betray her. Perla bears no rancor on her heart
Because she is not bitter.
 Fish and fries are my cousins favorite fast food meal. Fish and fries are
taken as a single entity.
 Free verse is a poem with irregular or no rhyme schem and no meter at all.
 Fricatives are sounds produced when the air stream is compress and
passes to a small opening creating friction.
 Fyodor Dostoyevsky had been writing his last novel, Brother Karamazov
When he died. The sentence given is in the past perfect progressive
because the first past action are still happening when the second past
action transpired.
 Gabriel slept soundly in his air conditioned room last night.
 Geoffrey Chaucer has always been called as the morning Star/Father of
English literature .
 Guy De Maupassant was the foremost French short story writer who
wrote some 300 short stories , six novels, three travel books and one
volume of verse.
 Haiku is the traditional Japanese poem consisting of three lines totaling
17 syllables with nature as topic.
 He is the black sheep of the family is an example of an metaphor.
 He was excused because all he said were white lies. The idiomatic
expression means line recited are excusable.
 He was like a snake in the night is a simile because the statement is
comparing the snake to the night using the word like .
 His discussion is excellent and connected to the case.
 Homer is the first mythical geographer who was recognized due to his
vivid descriptions f lands and people encountered by his hero Ulysses.
 How she made both ends meet, guided us in our studies and did small act
of charity on the side was beyond me. ―The mothers financial resources
are limited.
 I cant find my calculator ; may I use yours , Michael?
 I die when the dawn breaks to herald the day is a line from Mi Ultimo
Adios by Jose Rizal.
 I thought the task was heavy for Reneboy and (us,me).
 I value a man for the size of his heart could be interpreted as Man's
Kindness is most important.
 I will not live you to come hell or high water meaning the speaker will
Not live the prison no matter what.
 Lah has not forgotten that she was betrayed by her best friend and carried
Such rancor in her deeply offended heart for a long time.
 If I had taken my chance on love, I would have been happier.
 If the murder weapon is not found inside the bag of aksionov, he will not
suffer imprisonment. Just case is first conditional because it speculates
situations that are possible to happen at present time or in the future.
 If the president listened to the wails of his people, he would have stopped
the killings in Mindanao.this case is third conditional because it speculates
situations that happened or did not happen.
 If you chance upon the principle on your way out of the campus, please
send him my best wishes.
 If you drink poison, you die. This case is zero conditional because it
describes situations that are always true or factual.
 If you forgot your textbook , you can use mine, Karl.
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 If you want to be recognized , have a finger in the pie meaning you have
to make an active part in something.
 Illogical conclusion is the logical fallacy in: ―You once sponsored a project
of the governor, therefore you are the governors crony.
 In a Station of the Metro is a classic example of imagism as a poet, Ezra
pound describes a moment in the Underground Metro Station in Paris
 In critical listening, the listener is concerned with acquiring new
knowledge for the purpose of improving skills in generalizing and
decision making
 In Kerima Polotan Tuvera‘s short story ― The Virgin,‖ Ms. Mijares failed
To find a man to marry because she took care of her sick mother
 In Macbeth, we see a man whose downfall was caused by overwhelming
Ambition of power
 In one of his poems, the Filipino author Zulueta da Costa used simile
when he said that the Filipinos are like the molave.
 In Paz Latorena‘s short story “The Small Key,” old clothes and other
things
 Owned by the first wife are inside the chest when the second wife,
Solenad , opened it using the small key.
 In Psalm 23 otherwise known as ― Psalm of David‖, he will be provided
peace and prosperity is the closest meaning to the line: ― He maketh me to
lie down in green pastures; he ledeath me beside the still waters‖
 In sentences with multiple adjectives, must be Determiner, Observation,
Size, shape, Age, Color, Origin, Material, Qualifier just like in the case of:
She drives an expensive black Japanese sports car.
 In the Count of Monte Cristo, Edmond Dante was wrongfully imprisoned
On Devils island.
 In the Loreto Paras Sulits short story, ― The Bolo‖, the Bolo that was
given to her by her husband is being treasured by the main character. The
obvious lesson in the story ― The Bolo‖ is heritage is more important than
physiological needs.
 In the school paper, the Editor-in-chief is in-charge of the entire
Publication.
 In the speech process, resonation is concerned with amplifying and
Enriching the voice, using human amplifiers such as the nose, windpipe,
and chest.
 In the state of confusion is meant by AT SIXES AND SEVENS in the
sentence: we moved into the house last week, but im afraid everything s
still at sixes and sevens.
 Informal reading inventory or IRI is a reading technique utilized when
when a teacher asks his student to read a particular passage, then marks
mispronounced words
 Is this spot where you had the accident?
 It is altogether fitting that we organize a literary seminar to pay homage to
a great Filipino Writer.
 Jose Garcia Villa is a Filipino poet who uses punctuation marks
extensively in his pieces most specially commas.
 Jose Garcia Villa was the first Filipino national artist for literature
awarded in 1973.
 Juncture is a supra segmental that pertains to the pauses or rests in
speech.
 Let us campaign for the total ban on the use of harmful insecticides.
 Marios father is an alcoholic, a chain smoker, and a gambler. But Mario is
his contrast because he does not drink, smoke nor gamble. This case
proves that one’s value system is acquired.
 Mother finally found the time to rest after working the whole day.
 My father and I met a friend of ours in the shopping center.
 My goal, to be independently wealthy by the age fifthy, is looking
increasingly un realistic contains an appositive phrase
 Neither F. Scott fitzgerald nor his contemporaries use their real names in
their writing career. In sentences with ― neither, nor and either, or ― the
verb must agree with the closest noun.
 Neither his followers nor Walt Whitman was convinced that the ideas of
Emerson are out of this world.
 Neither Ralph waldo emrson nor his friends were present at the meeting
last night.
 Neither the teacher nor the students were present in the affiars.
5
 Nelson Mandela gave up armed struggle and chose the peaceful way to
freedom he is a world leader who is a model of none violence.
 Nelson Mandela realized his dream of free and none racial south Africa by
Forgiving his of oppressors and negotiating in good faith for the peaceful
Transition to the democracy there by demonstrated his trait of forgiving
 Nelson Mandelas dream for south Africa which was realized was
democracy.
 Nick Joaquin is a Filipino writer whose stories and poems depict Filipino
Spanish Cultural beliefs and tradition.
 Of epigrams , the meaning of‖ a friend is one who knows all about you
and loves you just the same is true friendship.
 Omar khayam wrote the rubaiyat, which adheres to the carpe diem
movement that states that we should eat now, drink and be merry for
tomorrow well die. The Rubaiyat has the theme‖ Grasping pleasure while
you can “.
 One of the outstanding and distinct features of latin American literature
is the use of magic realism.
 One of the questions which the epic divine comedy seeks for the reader
To ponder upon is: What is the purpose in life?
 Only 35% of the total number of students were able to pass comprehensive
exam last year. Nouns in percent and in fraction take plural verbs if pared
with count nouns and singular verbs when paired with non count nouns.
 Ophelia Dimalanta is known for the love sonnets she wrote.
 Pastoral is a poem that describe life in rural in areas in a romanticized
way.
 Pedro bukaneg is the father of Ilocano literature.
 Pitch is concerned about high and low in voice volume and quality.
 Pitch level 3 must be use in emphasizing or stressing the main idea in a
sentence according to traditional grammar rules.
 Posture is the way a body is carried while speaking.
 Ralph waldo emerson once sem,‖ a little knowledge is a dangerous thing.‖
 Rig Veda is a collection Indian sacred hymns while Upanishad is a
collection of religious texts.
 Rita is the smarter of the teens because it is at the comparative degree of
adjectives.
 Salvador Lopez is known as the rival of jose Garcia villa on issues
concerning the purpose of art.
 Security is the theme of the quote: ― have a good bank account , a good
cook and a good digestion.‖
 Several factors must be assessed to arrive at a sound decision.
 She hurt (himself, herself) when she was slicing the onions.
 She wrote a ― first rate ― report. It implies the report was excellent .
 Skimming is reading to get the main idea while scanning is reading to get
specific information.
 Some scientist and bible scholars agree with the prophecy that the earth is
Coming to an end.
 Stephens Writings includes ‗the open boat‘ which he wrote as a result of a
ship wreck he experienced on his way to cuba to report our In progress‖.
 Tanka is composed of 31 syllables, 5 lines, with love and nature as a topic.
 Technology in the field of the medicine has improved tremendously since
the beginning 21st century.
 Thales of Mellitus is the first man to replace myth with natural laws and
Causes of observing that all living things are elements of nature.
 The ( morality, moral )lesson of the story is that honesty is the best policy.
 The appropriate response to the question ―did you understand the
direction? is "Thanks I certainly did."
 The audience exhibited enthusiasm for the play on ; they seem interested .
 The bible goes for parallelism. It says ― blessed are the poor in spirit, for
theirs is the kingdom oh heaven‖ which means poor spirit can be an open
gate to heaven.
 The brain can store admonitory information. Admonitory means warning
to avoid danger.
 The capitalized word means irrelevant in the statement. She is a vision of
feminine pulchritude.
 The capitalized word means loveliness in the statement: She is a vision of
feminine PULCHRIPTUDE.
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 The capitalized word means obscenity in the statement : because of
profanity, the program was suspended from television.
 The capitalized word means prophetic in the statement: The writer's
APOCALYPTIC account suggest the end of the world.
 The capitalized words means verbose in the statement: We listened to a
LOQUACIOUS speaker.
 The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe resembles the theme of the
poem "A Poison Tree".
 The characters Kriemhild and Siegfried are found in the medieval German
epic Nibelungenlied.
 The collection of stories of animals which teach moral lessons is Aesop's
Fables.
 The courage of the child who saved his brother from a ranging fire is
worth a emulating.
 The doctor recommended eating healthier meals and doing exercise.
 The empty board (was left, was leaving) on the table.
 The expression of "baduy" connotes awkward looking.
 The Filipinos are deeply religious; however, sometimes this religiosity
instill the NEGATIVE attuitude of resignation and ends up into doing
nothing to improve one's condition.
 The five skills essential for real reading to take place according to Jean
Chall are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and
comprehension.
 The folk song "Atin Cu Pung Singsing" originated in Pampanga.
 The idea that a thing is like a white elephant means that it is beautiful but
useless.
 The line from the Koran, "Woe to every backbiter.," talks of Misery for
those who talks ill of others.
 The line, "Under the bludgeoning chance, My head is bloody but unbowed
depict the person's determination
 The main thought of William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice is that
mercy is spontaneous and freely given.
 The man in the mirror looks strange. If the subject is stationary and if
there is no object, the verb of sense functions as a linking verb and
requires an adjective.
 The morning air smells sweet in the garden.
 The most appropriate follow-up sentence to the statement I have been
searching for love is: And I can't imagine doing anything else. The given
sentence is in present perfect progressive tense.
 The ode "Intimations of Immorality from Recollections of Early Childhood
is authored by William Wordsworth.
 The overriding issue tackled in the epic song of Roland is loyalty to God
and King.
 The Philippines is considered ESL nation because English is used as an
important medium in Mass Media, Law, Business, and in Education.
 The phrase of democracy will die is associated with President Ramon
Magsaysay.
 The proposed project (is,are) within the budget of the school.
 The Psalms of King David is the greatest lyric peom in the Literature of
the world.
 The senator approach the podium with his spiel. His hands were shaking
and he was sweating tremendously. He experienced stage fright.
 The significance of evaluation of the audience in speech is as assessment
of speech made.
 The spectators never fails to admire the great Greek tragedy writer
Sophocles whenever he narrates his drama.
 The statement "O wild west wind!" is an example of apostrophe.
 The student's request to re-set the teast (is,are) reasonable.
 The tribulations that I faced were (so much, too much) for me to
overcome. The word too much match the word for.
 The words "inappropriate, illegal, irresponsible, unaware" have prefixes
which are classified as negative
 There are timew when we are forced to do things against our own volition
thus violating our free will.
 There was an ESOTERIC lecture on holography. Esoteric mans
understandable only by a selected group.
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 These towels are too wet for us to dry the dishes.
 Think is an example of a word with voiceless/th/ sound. The vibrations
in the vocal cords determine if a particular sound is voiced or voiceless.
 Thomas Carlyle said, "The man without a purpose is like a ship without a
rudder." could be interpreted as there should be strong driving force in
one's life.
 Though nothing can bring back The hour of splendor in the glass, Of glory
in the flower, We will grieve not, Rather find strength in what remains
behind. This stanza expresses hope.
 To emphasize possession, the stress must be placed on the possessive
adjective "my" in the sentence: That is my boyfriend.
 TRANSCENDENTAL meditation is practiced in Yoga.
TRANSCENDENTAL means supernatural.
 Upanishad is a collection of Indian sacred text.
 What is true to you is not true to me is the meaning of "Is the world is
only an illusion, as the Chinese philosophers say," You cannot visit the
same (flowing) river.
 William Blake is the writer of the poem "A poison Tree." The apple
represents a trap that the persona was able to make for his enemy.
 William Ernest Henley is the author of the poem Invictus.
 William Shakespeare is considered as the greatest English writer and also
known as the Bard of Avon.
 Wise people can cope with frustrations.
 Workers in the service sector should be trained to ast as courteously as
possible.
 You should be ashamed of yourself for having such CARNAL desire.
CARNAL means worldly.
 Your boss isn't working anymore, is he? If the base sentence is negative,
the tag must be positive.
 GENERAL EDUCATION FILIPINO
 ( Sina, Sila) Elmo at Elma ay pupunta sa vigan
 ― Ang aking pag-ibig ay tanging sayo lamang ― ay nasa di-karaniwang
ayos ng pangungusap
 ― Ang palasyo ay nag anunsyo na walang pasok bukas ― ay tayutay na
Pagpapalipat-tawag
 ― Apat ng mga mata ang tumititig sa kanya‖ ay tayutay na pagpapalit-
saklaw
 ― Hindi ko kaya ang mabuhay sa mundo kung mawawala ka‖ ay isang
Tayutay na pagmamalabis
 ― Kung anong bukambibig suiyang laman ng dibdib‖ ay isang uri ng
Salawikain
 ― Magandang gabi, Bayan! (Noli De Castro)‖ ay isang halimbawa ng
Idyolek
 ― Nakulong si Brian‖ ay nasa karaniwang ayos ng pangungusap.
 Ang “ Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas” ay akda ni Aurelio tolentino na
naging sanhi ng kanyang pagkakakulong.
 ― Ang Maupay na Aga‖ ng taga- samar ay halimbawa ng lalawiganing
antas ng wika
 Ang akdang “Fray botod‖ ay isang akdang tumutuligsa sa
kamangmangan at pagmamlabis ng mga prayle na sinulat ni Graciano
Lopez Jaena.
 Ang akdang Isang Libo at Isang gabi ay naglalarawan sa pamahalaan at
Lipunan ng arabya at persya.
 Ang akdang Uncle’s Tom Cabin ay nagbukas sa mga mata ng mga
Amerikano sa kaapihan ng mga lahing itim at naging simula g
paglaganap ng demokrasya sa buong mundo.
 Ang alibata ay pinakaunang sistema ng mga katutubong Pilipino
 Ang Alibata ay hango sa alpabetong arabo na ― alif-ba-ta‖ na may 17 titik:
3 patinig at 14 na katinig
 Ang Alim ay epiko ng mga ifugao
 Ang Alim ay isang epiko na tungkol sa mga bathalang ifugao ni
Punholdayan at Makanungan
8
 Ang amoy-lupa ay nasa antas pampanitikan at isang idyoma na ang ibig
Sabihin ay matanda na at malapit na mamatay
 Ang anekdota ay kwento na ang pang yayari ay hango sa tunay na
Karanasan, nakawiwili at kapupulutan ng aral
 Ang anekdota ay mga pangyayari na hango sa tunay na buhay, karanasan
At kapupulutan ng aral
 Ang antala ay ang saglit na pagtitigil sa pagsasalita
 Ang balbal ay nagpapahag ng lebel ng wika na impormal na nalikha at
Nabuo sa pagsama-sama ng mga salitang pinaikli o pinahaba
 Ang Banaag at Sikat ay ang pinakamahalagang nobelang Pilipino na
tumatalakay ng masinsinan sa paksang puhunan laban sa paggawa at
sosyalismo
 Ang Biag ni Lam-ang ay isang akda ni Pedro Bukaneg at pinasikat na
Epiko ng mga ilokano
 Ang bidasari ay epiko ng mga muslim
 Ang bodabil ay isang dula na sumikat nang humina ang zarzuela sa
Pilipinas
 Ang boses ( nang, ng) kabataan ang siyang dapat manaig
 Ang Cebuano, ilokano at Hiligaynon ay halimbawa ng dayalekto
 Ang dayalekto ay isang barayti ng wika na tumutukoy sa isang wika na
Sinasalita sa isang pook, rehiyon o lugar
 Ang di niya maklimutan ay isang pangako nganaka niya bago umalis pa
Amerika
 Ang diona ay awiting bayan na ginamit para sa panliligaw
 Ang doctrina Cristiana ay kauna unahang aklat na naiimbag sa pilipinas
 Ang duplo ay isinisagawa sa patulang pagtatalo at higit na
Pinahahalagan ang kahusayan sa paghabi ng mga taludtod
 Ang epipora ay isang uri ng tayutay na kung saan inuulit ang huling
bahagi ng isang taludtod o pahayag
 Ang gawi ng pagsasalita ay direksyon sa pangungusap na ― ipinadala
niya ang mg aklat sa mga kaklase
 Ang Gintong Panahon ng Panitikan ng pilipinas ay ang panahon ng
Hapones
 Ang grap ay sistematikong paglalarawan ng mga datos na estatistika
 Ang haba ya makapagpabago ng kahulugan ng salitang /kasa-ma/.
 Ang huyan ay isang panghalip pamatlig gaya ng doon, diyan at ditto.
 Ang heograpiya ay naasa kayariang KPPKKPKPKP
 Ang hinilawod ay isang epiko tungkol sa kasaysayan ng pag iibigan ng
Mga bathala mula sa Iloilo, antique, at aklan.
 Ang ibalon at aslon ay hulwaran ng mabubuting pamumuhay ng mga
Taga-bikol
 Ang idyoma na hilong-talilong ay nangangahulugang litung-lito
 Ang impresyonista ay dulog pampanitikan na nagbibigay ng diin ng
Sariling panlasa ng bumabasa. Kilala rin ito bilang reader-response
Theory
 Ang indarapatra at sulayman ay isang kwento tungkol sa pagpapadala ng
Prinsipe sa kanyang kapatid na lalaki upang patayin ang mga halimaw
Sa kabilang mundo
 Ang ingay ay kalabang mortalng pakikinig
 Ang Kabanata 1 ay bahagi ng pananaliksik na kung saan matatgpuan ang
Panimula, kaligiran ng pag-aaral at konseptuwal framework
 Ang kahulugan ng ― Neneng is the apple of Daddy‘s eye‖ ay mahal ni
Daddy is neneng
 Ang kahulugan ng: May bank account is in the red ay malapit na maubos.
 Ang karagatan ay isang tulang patnigan at hango sa isang alamat ng isang
Dalagang naghulog ng singsing sa dagat at ang sinumang binatang
Makakakita nito ay isang pakakasalan ng dalaga
 Ang karangalan ng pagkaunang tunay na makata para sa kanyang tulang
Pinalalgay na may katangian ng tunay na tula ay iginawad kay Jose
Corazon de Jesus
 Ang kaswal ay pagbasa ng pansamantala o di palagian. Ginagawa ito kung
Nais magpalipas ng oras
 Ang kaugnay na pagkakapatay kina Burgos, Gomez, at Zamora sa
Panitikang Pilipino ay nakagising sa damdaming makabayan ng mga
Pilipino
 Ang kauna-unahang nagsalin sa tagalong ng Mi Ultimo Adios ni Jose
Rizal
Ay si Andres Bonifacio
9
 Ang kauna-unahang nobelang sinulat ng isang Pilipino ang wikang
Ingles, ay ang ― A Child of Sorrow‖ na isang akda ni Zoilo Galang
 Ang Kinting Kulirat ay HINDI naging sagisag panulat ni Marcelo H. Del
Pilar
 Ang Kolokyal ay isang halimbawa ng impormal na wika na kung
Saan pinapaikli ang isang salita
 Ang korido ay isang tulang maromansa na kung saan ang mga tauhan ay
May kapangyarihang supernatural at kaya naman ito ay hindi kapani-
Paniwala.
 Ang Lagda ay isang epiko ng mga Bisaya na tungkol sa Kalipunan ng mga
Kautusan ng pamahalaan gaya ng kodigo ni Kalantiyaw ng tribu ng
Aklan
 Ang lathalain ay isang uri ng pamahayagan na nag-uulat ng mga tunay na
Pangyayari batay sa pag-aaral, pananaliksik, o pakikinayam at isinusulat
Sa paraang kawili-wili
 Ang mahabrahatara ang pinakamahalagang epiko ng buong daigdig
Sa naglalrawan sa kasysayn ng pananampalataya sa india
 Ang mahalagang ambag ni ―Severino Reyes‖ sa dulang tagalong na ang
Na ng hangarin ay reporma sosyal at patriotism ay ang Walang Sugat
 Ang Malaya ay uri ng sanysay na pangkaraniwan ang paksa, waring
Nakikipag-usap lamang
 Ang malyang morpema ay tumutulong sa mga salitang nakapag-iisa at
May kahulugan. Kilal rin itong salitang ugat
 Ang malikhain ay uri ng pagsulat na nag pokus ay ang imahinasyon ng
Manunulat upang pukawin ang damdamin
 Ang may-akda ng ― Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas‖ ay si Aurelio Tolentino
 Ang may akda sa tulang ― Isang Dipang Langit‖ ay si Amado V.
Hernandez,
At siya ang tinagurian na ― Makata ng Manggagawa‖
 Ang mga anak ni Mang Karyas ay ( may, mayroon) kanin kanilang
pamilya
 Ang mga bahgi ng pananalita tulad ng laban sa at tungkol sa ay
Mga halimbawa ng pang-ukol
 Ang mga nobela ni Lualhati Bautista ay Dekada ‘70, gapo at bulaklak ng
 City Jail
 Ang mga pamilang na isahan, waluhan, animan, ay pamilang sa
patakaran
 Ang mga sagisag panulat ni Dr. Jose Rizal ay dimasalang, Laong-laan,
Agno at Calambeno
 Ang mga salitang tanaw, aliw, kamy, reyna ay mga halimbawa ng
diptonggo
 Ang mga titik na HINIRAM NG ALPABETONG FILIPINO mula sa
Alpabetong Ingles ay ang mga titik na c, f, j, q, v, x, at z
 Ang moro-moro ay isang tulang padula na nagpapakita ng hidwaan ng
Mga kristyano at d-i kristyano
 Ang morpolohiya ay ang pag-aaral ng makabuluhang tunog ng isang
wika
 Ang naging pangalan ng wikang pambansa noong 1959 ay Pilipino
 Ang oda, soneto at elehiya ay hindi tulang maromansa at ito ay mga
TULANG LIRIKO.
 Ang apbula ay tungkol sa kwento na ang nagsisiganap ay ang hayop
 Ang pagbabagong morpoponemiko na matatagpuan sa salitang bakuran
Ay pagpapalit ng ponema
 Ang pagpapalita ng mga ideya, opinion, salaysay sa pamamagitan ng
Mga sagisag ay tinatawag na talastasan
 Ang pagsasalita ay proseso ng paghahatid ng saloobin, opinion,
Karunungan sa pamamagitan ng makabuluhang tunog
 Ang pagyayabang ay isa sa mga di-mahalagang salik sa pagtatalumpati
 Ang pahayag na ― Kapalaran, huwag ka sanang mailap‖ ay isang tanong
retorikal
 Ang pamukod ay uri ng pangatnig na ginagamit sa pagpili, pagbubukod
at Pagtatangi
 Ang pandiwa sa pangungusap na ― Kapapasok palang niya sa silid‖ ay
nasa Aspetong pangnagdaan
 Ang parabola ay mula sa Biblia
 Ang pokus ng pandiwa sa pangungusap na ― Ipinanghalo ko ang Sandok‖
Ay instrumental o gamit
 Ang ponolohiya ay ang tawag sa pag aaral ng ponema
10
 Ang retorika para kay Cicero ay isang pagpapahayag na disenyo upang
Makapanghikayat
 Ang Romeo at Juliet ay hindi kabilang sa mga akdang pampanitikang
Nagdala ng maikling impluwensya sa buong daigdig
 Ang rutang dinaraanan ng mensahe ng tagapagsalita ay tinatawag na
Tsanel
 Ang sarbey ( survey) ay isang disenyo ng pananaliksik na nagsisiyasat sa
Pamamagitan ng palatanungan o pakikipanayam
 Ang sarswelang higit na kaugnay ng pangalang Servino Reyes ay Walang
Sugat
 Ang Satanas sa lupa ay akdani Celso Al Carunungan
 Ang senakulo ay isang dulang nagsasalaysay ng buhay at kamatayan ng
Ng ating mahal na Poong Hesukristo at masasabing parang pasyong
Itinatanghal sa entablado
 Ang simbolong kumakatawan sa mga bagay at mga pangungusap nais
Ipahayag ng tao sa kanyang kapwa ay wika
 Ang sukat ay tumutukoy ito sa bilang ng pantig sa bawat taludtud ng tula
 Ang tangi ( kung, kong) mithiin ay mapasaya ka
 Ang teoryang pooh-pooh ay ang teorya ng wika na nagsasabing ang wika
Ay nailikha bnga ng masidhing damdamin ng tayo gaya ng sakit, tuwa,
Sarap, kalungkutan, takot, pagkabigla at iba pa
 Ang tibag ay tulang padula tungkol sa paghahanap nina Reyna Elena at
Conjstantino sa krus na pinagpakuan ni Hesus.
 Ang tinaguriang pinakasikat na epiko ng mha ilokano, ay ang Biag ni
Lam-ang.
 Ang tinawag na madamdaming mananalaysay ni Carmen Guerrero
Nakpil ay si Teodoro A. Agoncillo
 Ang titik na ―ng‖ sa Alpabetong Pilipino ay nagmula sa Alpabetong
Abakada.
 Ang triumvirate ng kilusang propaganda ay sina Graciano lopez Jaena,
Jose Rizal at Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
 Ang tulang patnigan ay uri ng akdang pampanitikan na patula ay tungkol
Sa pangangatwiran at tagisan ng talino.
 Ang umbay ay isang awiting bayan na tungkol.sa paglilibing.
 Ang urbana at feliza ay aklat na sinulat ni Padre Modesto De Castro at ito
Ay naglalaman ng pangaral tungkol sa kagandahang asal at wastong pag-
Uugali
 Ang uri ng pagsasaling-wika na tumutukoy sa mga akademiko, agham,
Kalikasan at lipunan ay tinatawag na teknikal
 Ang wastong kahulugan ng: The Present Problem is only a Storm in a
Teacup ay bale-wala
 Ang wastong salin ng ― you are the apple of my eye‖ ay ― ikaw ay
mahalaga sa akin, ―
 Ang wikang Filipino, ang wikang pambansa, ay itinalaga noon 1987 ayon
Sa saligang bata
 Babala ang gawa ng pagsasalitang ito: iwasan ang imburnal, may
Nagtatrabaho
 Batay sa bilingual na edukasyon mainam ang gamit ng filipino sa araling
Pang lipunan dahil walang pag-aalinlangan ang pag sagot ng mga
magaaral sa wikang Filipino
 Bukas ang isipin ay katangian ng mahusay na mananaliksik na marunong
Tumanggap ng kritisismo para sa ikagaganda ng pananliksik
 Di-kombensyonal ang uri ng pamamat nubay kung saan ang mga reporter
Ay lumilihis sa pamatnubay; lumilikha sila ng sariling paraan sa mga
Gawaing pag-ulat
 Ellipsis ang tawag sa paraan ng pag kuha ng balangkas na ginagamitan ng
Sunod-sunod na tatlong tuldok para ipakita na may mga bahaging hindi
Na sinipi sa talata
 Ganapan o lukatib ang pokus ng pandiwa kapag ang paksa ng
pangungusap
Ay ang lugar kung saan nang yari ang kilos na sinasaad ng pandiwa
 Ginagamit ang IKA na may gitling kungmismong bilang ang sunod na
Isusulat
 Gitling ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitang ng panlaping ika at tambilang
 Huwag makisama kay Zoilo dahil buwaya siya. Ang salitang buwaya ay
Tumutukoy sa kahulugang konotasyon
 Pinagmalaki mo siya, BAHAG naman pala ANG kanyang BUNTOT. Ang
Ibig sabihin ng may malaking titik ay duwag
11
 Isa, dalawa, tatlo; ang tatay mong kalbo ay halimbawa ng panunudyo
 Isang awiting bayan na tungkol sa pakiipag kaibigan ang salagintok.
Isang awiting bayan na ginamit sa pag papatulog ng bata ay ang uyayi
 Isang cebuana ay ipinalalgay na pinaka pangunahing manunulat na
Babae sa ingles bago maki digma, ay si Estrella Alfon
 Isang kwento hinggil sa pinagmulan ng sansinukuban ay kalipunan ng
ibat-
Ibang paniniwala sa mga diyos at diyosa ay mitolohiya
 Isang mahbang tulang pasalaysay tungkol sa kabayanihan ng
Pangunahing tauhan na may pambihirang katangian ay ang epiko
 Isang manunulat na may sagisag panulat na Dimas-ilaw ay si
Emilio Jacinto
 Isang paraan upang maipakita ang pag kokontrast ng mga ponema ay
isang
Paggamit ng parehas-minimal
 Isang satirikong bersyon ni Del Pilar sa akdang siulat ni padre Jose
Rodriguez
Na may ganito ring pamagat ay ang caingat cayo
 Isang tanyag na manunulat n amya sagisag-panulat na Agap-ito
Bagumbayan si Andres Bonifacio
 Isang tulang maromansa na kung saan nakaharap sa mga pakikipag
sapalaran
Ang mga tauhan at hango sa tunay na buhay ay awit
 Kabaliwan at pag lulustay ay inyong ginagawa taon-taon. Higit na
marami
Ang maralitang nangangaylangan ng salapi at dunong. Ang nagsasalita ay
Praktikal
 Kapag sinabing may‖Itaga mo sa bato ang aking pangako‖ siya ay
nangangako
Ng pag tupad sa pangako
 Kolokyal ang tawag sa antas ng wika na ginagamit sa pang araw-araw na
Pananlita
 Kung kilala ang cebu sa kanyang sinulog, kilala naman ang kalibo sa
kanyang Ati-atihan
 Laban nag salitang ugat ng PINAGLABANAN.
 Maingat ang angkop na pagpapkahulugan ng bilang at sukat kung
Mangusap ang dalaga
 Malay-polenesyo ang angkang pinagmulan ng wika sa pilipinas
 Malungkot ANG MGA nagtapos na wala pang trabaho.ang mga nasa
Malaking titik ay pananda
 Matapos alagaan at pakainin sa palad siya ay kinagat sa sariling kanang
Kamay.ito ay may kahulugan na kawalang utanag na loob
 Matatgpuan sa Kabanata II ng pananaliksik matatagpuan ang mga lugar
At babasahing mapagkukunan ng mga Literatura at pag aaral
 May handa ( raw,daw) tayo sa darating na pasko.
 May sagisag panulat na Paralitiko at ang tinaguriang ― Utak ng
himagsikan‖ ay si Apolinario Mabini.
 Metatesis ang uri ng pagbabagong morponemiko na gumagamit ng
Pagpapalit ng posisiyon ng ponema sa salita.
 Minalas ang kahulugan ng idyoma ginamit sa pangungusap na ― marami
Sa mga magsasaka ang INALAT dahil sa patuloy na pagbuhos ng ulan‖.
 Muling basa ang paraan ng pagbasa na ginagamit kung ang akda ay
Mahirap unawain.
 Nagsimula ang pagkakaroon ng modernisasyon ng wikang pambansa
Noong 1987.
 Nakikipag-away ka sa speaker ay pakikinig na kombatib.
 Natalo siya upang muling manalo ay isang tayutay na pagsalungat o
Epigram.
 Oo ate, ( mag-aakyat,mag-akyat) na muna ng tubig.
 Orihinal: Mother cooked adobo for kuya manuel. Salin: si nanay ay
nagluto ng adobo para kay kuya manuel. Ito ay pagsasaling literal.
 Pag-aalala ang angkop na damdaming napapaloob sa ― Bakit gabi na‘y
Di pa siya dumarating?
 Pagbabahagi ng damdamin ang gawi ng pagsasalita: kasiyahan ko nang
Makitang kayo‘y nagmamahalan.
 Pagtanggi ang gawi ng pagsasalita sa‖ Ayokong sumunod sa mga sinasabi
Mo.‖
 Pagtukoy ang gawa ng pagsasalitang ―Kami ang kabataang siyang
12
Magiging pag-asa ng bayan.
 Pahalagahan ang pangaral nang hindi malihis ng landas.
 Penominal ang pangungusap na tumutukoy sa pangyayaring
Pangkalikasan o pangkapaligiran.
 Penominal ang uri ng pangungusap na UMAARAW NA.
 Sa (ika-8,ika-walo) ng gabi gaganapin ang pulong sa mga kawani.
 Sa pagsasanay tungkol sa pagkilala ng kasarian ng mga pangalang
ipakikita, mabisang gamitin ang plaskard.
 Sa pamamagitan ng tulang Ala Juventud Filipino na pinahalagahan ni Jose
Rizal ang mga kabataang Pilipino.
 Sa pangungusap na ―Malakas ang boses mo,‖ ang salitang malakas ay
Isang pang-uri.
 Salitang-ugat ang pinakapayak na anyo ng salita ng walang kahalong
Panlapi.
 Si Alejandro Abadilla ang may-akda ng tulang ―Ako ang daigdig.‖
 Si Andres Bonifacio ang ―Ama ng Demokrasyang Pilipino.‖
 Si Deogracias Rosario ay ang Ama ng Maikling Kwento sa Pilipinas.
 Si Genoveva Matute ay ang may-akda ng ―Kwento ni Mabuti.‖
 Si Hermogenes Ilgan ang may-akda ng dulang ang ―Dalagang Bukid‖ na
Siyang naging batayan ng awiting pan-zarzuela.
 Si Hernia Dela Riva sa tunay na buhay ay si Amado Hernandez.
 Si Ildefonso Santos ay isang manunulat sa panahon ng amerikano na
Naging tanyag sa kanyang tulang ―Ang Guryon.‖
 Si Jesus Balmori ay isang manunulat sa wikang kastila na may sagisag
Panulat na batikuling at nahirang na makatang Laureabo.
 Si Jose Corazon De Jesus ―Makata ng pag-ibig‖ at ―Hari ng balagtasan‖
Sa kanyang panahon.
 Si Jose Garcia Villa ay isa sa pinakatanyag na pilipinong manunulat sa
Ingles at kilala sa kanyang sagisag panulat na ―Doveglion.‖
 Si Jose Palma ang sumulat ng titik ng Lupang Hinirang at nilapatan ng
Musika ni Julian felipe
 Si Jose Rizal ay kilala bilang ―dakilang manunulat‖ ng kilusang
Propaganda
 Si Juan Abad ang sumulat ng dulang ang Tanikalang ginto na kung saan
 Inakyat ng mga algad ng batas ang Batangas habang itinatanghal ang
Dualng ito at dinakip ang may-akda
 Si liwayway Arceo ang may-akda ng kwentong ―Uhaw ang tigang na
Lupa‖.
 Si Lope K. Santos ang nagbalangkas ng Abakada.
 Si Lope K. Santos ay isang tanyag na pilipinong manunulat na may akda
Ng Banaag at sikat
 Si Lualhati at Bautista ay isang batikan at kilalang feministang manunulat
Na kung saan ang kanyang akda ay nakapokus sa mga kababaihan.
 Si Marcelo H. Del Pilar ang dakilang Political Analyst ng Kilusang
Propaganda
 Si Marcelo H. Del Pilar ang may-akda ngDasalan at tocsohan
 Si Marciano Ponce ang tanyag na pilipinong manunulat na may sagisag
Panulat na ―Kalipulako‖
 Si Pedro Paterno ay ang may-akda ng Ninay na kauna-unahang nobelang
Panlipunan sa wikang Kastila na sinulat ng isang Pilipino
 Si Severino Reyes ( Lola Basyang) ang tinaguriang Ama ng Zarzuelang
Tagalog
 Si William Shakespeare ang nangungusap sa quotation na ― Ang pag-ibig
Ay hindi pag-ibig kapag nagbabago kung nakakita ng pagbabago‖.
 Siya ay MAY KUTSARANG PILAK nang ipinanganak. Nagpapahayag
Ito na siya ay mayaman
 Sosyolek ang barayti ng wikang nabubuo ayon sa dimensyong sosyal
Dahil sa ito ay nakabatay sa mga pangkat lipunan
 Subjective generalization ang tawag sa pahayag na pasaklaw na nabubuo
Sa pamamagitan ng personal na panlasa o pagpili
 Syntax ang tawag sa pag-aaral ng mga tuntunin kung paano inaayos ang
Mga salita sa loob ng pangungusap
 Tulog na ang mga bata ( nang, ng) dumating ang kanilang ama
 Tumatalakay ang akdang Ang Sampaguitang Walang Bango sa
pagtataksil sa asawa
 Tumutukoy ang ddin sa taas-baba ng bigkas ng pantig ng isang upang
Maging mabisa ang pakikipag-usap.
 Upang magkaroon ng diptonggo ang isang salita, hindi lang dapat
13
Magkasunod ang isang patinig at ang malapitang na w o y, kung hindi,
dapat din na ang dalawa ay nasa iisang pantig
 Upang magkaroon ng klaster ang isang saita, hindi lang dapat
magkasunod upang dalawa o higit pa na katinig, kung hindi, dapat din na
nasa iisang pantig ang nasabing magkasunod na katinig
GENERAL EDUCATION SCIENCE
 Science provides knowledge through disciplined observation. Hearsay
Is NOT a characteristics of scientific assertion.
 The plant cell will shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution.
 Yeast is an organism that feeds on necrotic and decaying matter?
 Linnaeus father of modern taxonomy and responsible for coining the
Term Homo sapiens
 The hierarchy of biology taxonomy has 8 levels.
 Kingdom plantae includes Magnolidae
 Organisms that decompose substances into products that can be useful are
called saprophytes.
 Walrus would most likely be in an arctic environment.
 Predation is a relationship exemplified by a hunter shooting a duck in the
forest and having it for dinner.
 A mango tree is planted beside a sampaguita plant in a garden. They
Demonstrate competition.
 The following are homologous organs except fish fail.
 Leeches is a segmented worm that can be used to facilitate
anticoagulation
 Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are types of
Carbohydrates.
 If carbohydrates are hydrophilic-organic compounds, lipids are
hydrophobic organic compounds.
 Photosynthesis produces oxygen as waste product
 Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert the energy from
 Sunlight into chemical energy.
 Plants convert the energy from sunlight into chemical energy.
 Carbon dioxide is produced by plants in the evening.
 Cytokinins and auxins are the hormones responsible for plant growth,
Promoting auxiliary bud growth and apical dominance.
 Ecological niche describe how species copes with everyday life.
 Eutrophication which causes the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water
Results into diminished sea harvest.
 A forest suffered from wildfires and destroys the existing vegetation.
However, the soil remained viable. Five years later, trees and bushes
Are seen flourishing in the forest once again. This phenomenon is called
Secondary ecological succession.
 Releasing of fluorocarbons from aerosol cans reduces the level of ozone
In the atmosphere.
 Because it will adversely affect the population‘s food supplies, the most
disadvantageous source of energy is plants.
 Grafting is an example of asexual reproduction.
 Budding is a type of asexual reproduction occurs when a new organism
Develops from an outgrowth as exemplified by corals
 The world‘s largest ecosystem of deserts is Antarctica
 Turgor pressure is the pressure exerting on the plasma membrane against
The cell wall of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells.
 Cellular respiration is the cellular metabolic process that transmits
Biochemical energy into ATP.
 Recessive genes will only have phenotypic expression if present as a
Homozygous genetype.
 Mutation occurs when DNA is damaged, not repaired and replicated,
The result is genetic disorder.
 Insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
 The nasal cavities are part of resonators
 Calcium is an element that has Ca as its symbol
 After two pregnancies some of these mothers loose of teeth or so due
To lack of iron & other minerals in diet during pregnancies.
 Pascal is a measure of pressure, defined as one newton per square meter.
14
 Perfumes contain organic compounds called esters
 Milk is classified as colloid
 Light travels fastest in air
 1/8 sheet of pad paper has the smallest mass when measured in an equal
arm balance.
 Manganese (III) fluoride is the correct name for the compound MnF3
 Copper is the metal most widely used in electrical wiring because it is a better
conductor than aluminum and cheaper than silver.
 When you carry a heavy load with one arm, you tend to hold your free hand
away
From your body in order to change the center of gravity of your body and
load.
 Work is done when blowing a balloon because it moves outward as the
blowing
Force is exerted on.
 Apparently, the loss of weight of objects immersed in a fluid is due to Buoyant
force.
 Sublimation occurs when dry ice, CO2 (s) is changed into CO2 (g)
 The molecules that contain an organism‘s genetic make-up is called nucleic
acid.
 Cilia are the small hair like structures that serve a sensory function in
Eukaryotic cells.
 Microfilaments are the thin structure essential for cytokinesis, amoeboid
Movement and changes in cell shape.
 A human arm, a bat‘s wing and a seal‖s flipper are examples homologous
Organisms.
 Probiotics such as bifidobacterium is an example of a non-pathogenic
Microorganism.
 Yeast is an example of a fungus
 Microsporidia organism is classified under kingdom fungi
 They combined chitins and glucans in their cell wall is the unique feature
Of fungi
 Cleaning up an oil spill by digesting hydrocarbons is an example of a useful
Function for bacteria
 Entamoeba histolytica is a protest that can use dysentery.
 Dengue is an infectious disease transmitted by an organism classified
Under which phylum arthropoda
 Microbial culture is a diagnostic test allows microorganisms to multiply
In a medium under controlled laboratory condition in order to determine
The cause of an infectious disease?
 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy involves chloroplast
 To decrease transpiration is the most likely reason for a desert plant to
Have a few or no leaves.
 Bats are able to navigate in the dark without bumping into anything because
They emit sound waves whose returning vibrations can detect the presence
Of objects
 The source of water pollution is when from a river is mixed with the contents
Of a septic tank, is called hypertrophication.
 Hibernation is the term for slowing-down response by the frog‘s
Circulatory system during the cold season
 Frog‘s powerful behind legs to jump away from pedrators is an example of
Physiological adaptation that allows survival among plants or animals.
 Food web demonstrates the feeding connections between all life forms
 Air ljke food and water is an essential element in human existence. Carried by
the wind, polluted air called acid rain falls to earth poisoning
Fish and destroying vegetation.
 The Kyoto protocol, which requires countries countries to reduce greenhouse
Emission, is a practice that advocates environmental protection.
 Destruction of habitat is the most significant cost of dwindling biodiversity
 Natural selection best explains the evolution of life forms or gradual
Transformation of species.
 Exposure to radiation can lead to the formation of a new genetic trait.
 Lungs is the main organ for respiration.
 Niacin is a vitamin
 Besides solids, liquids, and gas, plasma is the fourth form of matter
 Compounds containing hydrocarbon characterizes organic compounds?
 The general equation ( AB+ENERGY A +B ) shows endothermic
decomposition
15
 Tellurium has Te as its symbol
 The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p orbital is 6
 A toothpick can sit on the surface of water due to surface tension
 Energy is obtained by getting nucleus of the atoms to break up or split
Is true of nuclear fission.
 The sum of the forces acting upon it is zero is true about textbook laid on
The table.
 The titling of the Earth on its axis causes the seasons.
 Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals
 In a flame test, the presence of boron in a solution is evident by bright
Green flame.
 A metric carat is a unit of mass for measuring gemstones. It is equivalent
To 200 mg.
 When the north pole is tilted towards the sun, it is summer and when
The sun shines all the time both day and night, this is called midnight sun.
 Scientific method is a systematic way to solve problems with steps as
Follows: 1. Identify the problem; 2. Formulate the hypothesis; 3. Test
The hypothesis, 4. Analyze/ verify the results and 5. Formulate
Conclusions and recommendations.
 Motion generally refers to a change in the position which can be
Determined by the distance traveled, the time interval to reach the
Distance, and the speed.
 In humans, the correct sequence of embryological development is
Gametes, fertilization, zygote, cleavage, embryo.
 The history of earth has been divided by scientist into eras. The
Arrangement of these eras into the proper sequence from the oldest to
The most recent is Precambrian –Mesozoic-Cenozoic
 The main source of energy of our body is glucose, derived from
Carbohydrates like bread and rice.
 The process by which the water molecules move from an era of higher
Concentration to areas of lower concentration is diffusion, a type of
Passive transport.
 The process where the molecules pass through a semi-permeable
Membrane is osmosis.
 In a chemical reaction, a substance which speeds up or retards the
Reaction without itself undergoing the change is called catalyst or
Enzyme.
 The layers of the atmosphere are as follows: Troposphere- Stratosphere-
Mesosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere-exosphere with troposphere
Closest to the earth‘s surface
 The main difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cell
Has a cell wall and animal cell do not
 When walking, you push against the ground; the ground pushes back to
You is an application of the Law of Interaction
 The force that holds together molecules of the same kind is cohesive
Force while the force that holds together molecules of different kind is
Adhesive force
 Global warming is the increase in earth‘s temperature due to a build up
Of certain gases in the atmosphere
 The correct sequence of the stages of mitosis is prophase-Metaphase-
Anaphase- telophase.
 Rickets, which is characterized by soft and fragile bones in the children,
Results from a severe deficiency of vitamin D.
 A chemical change in matter usually happens when new substance are
Formed from the original substance.
 Mass is a measurable quantity referring to the amount of matter a body
Contains while weight is a measurable quantity dependent on one‘s
Mass and the gravity of the location
 Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from the
Liquid phase to the gaseous phase while melting point is the temperature
at which a substance changes from the solid phase to the
Liquid phase.
 A chemical change in matter usually happens when new substance are
Formed from the original substance while physical change is a change in
Size, shape or state yet the substance keeps its chemical identity
 Electrons are the composition of an atom that surrounds the nucleus
And has a negative charge. Protons are subatomic particles with positive
Charge while neutrons have a neutral change.
16
 Atomic number is equal to the number of protons or electrons. Atomic
Weight is equal to the number of protons and number of neutrons
 When large masses of rock in the Earth‘s crust deform and break, the
Sudden movement creates vibrations that travel through the earth and
Is felt as an earthquake
 Epicenter refers to the spot directly above the focus on the surface of
The earth while the focus is the place of origin of an earthquake
 In heat transfer, heat flows from an object with higher temperature to
An object with lower temperature
 Lenticels are the breathing organs of plants that are located in the stems
And trunks
 The correct hierarchy of ecological organization is ecosystem, population,
Community, biosphere
 A severed portion of a starfish grows into a full starfish through asexual
Reproduction by the process called regeneration
 Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration thus they are considered
The ―powerhouse‖ of eukaryotic cells
 The feeding procedure wherein in mother bird partially digests the
Food and places an amount into the young‘s beak is termed regurgitation
 The complete trip of the blood from the heart to all parts of the body
And back to the is refered to as systematic circulation
 The phenomenon which allows certain traits not useful to the organisms
To remain in the population by chance is termed genetic drift.
 The average blood in the circulatory system of an average person is
5 liters
 Studies show that there are parts of the body that have lost their
Usefulness and which may later disappear. They are termed as vestigial
Organs
 General functions of cells include(a) the manufacture of proteins and
Other materials that build the cell; (b) the manufacture of food for energy
And (c) reproduction.
 Ecosystem is the formed by the interaction of a community or organisms
With their physical environment. Activities in the ecosystems includes
Nutrient cycling and energy transfer.
 Food chain is the hierarchical series of organisms wherein each is
Dependent on the next as a source of food. A system of interlocking and
Independent food chains gives rise to food webs
 A falling object has a constant acceleration of 9.8m/s, whether it is
Heavy or light meaning that the weight of the object has no effect on the
Falling rate, provided that there is no air resistance affecting the object
 When a pendulum is swinging, the total mechanical energy is conversed.
 The visible light fall, which is responsible for seeing an object, is located
 Between the infrared and ultraviolet radiation on the electromagnetic
spectrum
 An object becomes positively charge when it loses electrons, meaning the
Number of protons is greater than the number of electrons
 The capsid is the protein shell that is usually a coiled structure composed
Of proteins that enclose the nucleic acid of virus
 Artificial insemination is a technology technique is employed during
Breeding in captivity in order to restore the populations of endangered
And threatened species to safe level
 Salvaging is an instance of taking away the life of another person without
Due process.
 The Philippines lies in the ring of fire, an area where many volcanoes
Are active
 The energy source which is abundant in the Philippines but stil not fully
Developed is the gas
 A species of fish lived in a lake. When a dam was constructed in the area
A group of fish was separated and populated a new pond. They then
Developed differing characteristics and became a distinct species.
Geographical isolation explains this process of speciation.
 In the pacific area, a storm is called typhoon.
 Polysaccharides, triglycerides, polypeptides and nucleic acids are
Classified as macromolecular.
 Lignite is the lowest rank of coal and is otherwise called brown coal.
 Iron is a ferromagnetic material
 An atom of silicon with a mass number of 28 and an atomic number of 14
Has 14 protons and electrons
17
 Element X with an electron configuration of 1S2S2p belongs to carbon
Family
 A plant cell will swell in a hypotonic solution and shrink in a hypertonic
Solution
 Serendipity is an accidental scientific discovery like the discovery of
Penicillin by Sir Alexander fleming.
 The application of science knowledge to a practical problem is
Technology.
 The earthworm squirms, when poked by a stick, displays irritability which
Is one characteristics of living things.
 Studying the physical structure of the soil is NOT Directly involved in the
Study of biology.
 Homeostasis is a term used to describe the ability to maintain a constant
Internal environment
 Shedding leaves during summer is an example of behavioral adaptation
 The cell wall of the plant is made of cellulose while that of fungi is
Made up chitin.
 Petroleum is formed by the decay of microorganisms under heat and
Pressure
 Removal of collagen causes our bones to turn brittle and easily break
 According to human structure, lah who is 27b years old has 206 bones
 Villi are the finger like folds on the inner linings of the small intestine
 Food in a semi-liquid form, partially digested and mixed with
Hydrochloric acid is called chime.
 Most reproductive species is NOT true among considerations that
Humans are master of other living organisms, as well as of the
Nonliving on earth
 In the hierarchy of biology taxonomy, if the domain is at the top, species
Is at the bottom.
 An example of an useful function for bacteria is they clean up an oil
Spill by digesting hydrocarbons in petroleum.
 Plasmodium is the protest that causes malaria and carried by Anopheles
Mosquitoes.
 Under the five kingdom system, recognized by most biologists today,
 True bacteria, the bacteria like organisms, and the blue green algae
Belong to kingdom monera
 Energy first enters our living planet earth as radiant energy from the
Sun
 Protists, fungi , plants and animals are considered eukaryotic organisms
Which possess a true nucleus in their cells
 Under the six kingdom system, multicellular forms with specialized
Eukaryotic cells eg. Mosses and ferns but no ability for locomotion are
Classified as plants
 The process of photosynthesis occurs not only in plants but also in blue-
Green algae or cyanobacteria
 Sea star is capable of regeneration ( regrowing of a body part) when
Cut into parts.
 Among eukaryotes, the electron transport chain occurs in the
Mitochondria.
 An organism has a natural environment where it lives and thrives is
Called habitat
 Frogs do not need a hard shell to protect its
 Fertilized eggs
 Noble gases includes neon and helium and classified as group 8 in the
Periodic table
 Mitosis is the process in human sexual reproduction wherein the zygote
Undergoes a series of cell division needed for the growth and maturation
Of fetus
 Fructose is an isomer of glucose
 Hydroxyl group is the functional group that differentiates chitin from
Cellulose.
 The rise of the temperature of earth‘s atmosphere due to increased
Greenhouse gasses is called global warming
 Polar bear is an example of an animal under the order carnivore
 In the case of the babies born through into vitro fertilization or IVF,
IVF babies are commonly referred to as test tube babies
 Hydrogen is the simplest atom that is made up of one prokton ,and one
Electron.
18
 Among the elements useful for the human body, calcium is the most
Abundant mineral in the body that aids in the blood clotting process
 The flow of water in our planet, as it undergoes the processes of
Evaporation, condensation, precipitation ,in filtration, run off, and
Substance flow is called water cycle
 Virus is an acellular infectious agent not capable of undergoing cell
Division but instead requires a living cell in order to replicate
 A protein that decreases the amount of energy needed for a chemical
Reaction to occur is true of enzymes
 Exacerbation of lung disease such as COPD is most likely consequences
Of air pollution
 Monkey-eating eagle is the Philippine species known as pithecophaga
Jeffferyi that was listed as an endangered species by the 1975 Convention
On International Trade of Endangered Species
 Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen are the four most abundant
Elements found in living matter.
 An abnormality of chromosomes inheritance in which there are 3 copies
Of chromosomes 21 is true of trisomy 21 also known as down syndrome
 Obligated to be taken in the diet because it cannot be produced by the
Body is true essential animo acids
 Chargaff‘s rules state that in a given species, the amount of adenine is
Equal to thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
Cytosine.
 Mule is produced by the mating or interbreeding of two closely related
Species namely a female horse and a male donkey
 They need much caring and cultivating is NOT one of the reasons why
Mendel selected garden peas for his experiments
 Muscles and bones are directly on involved when a boy kicks, a frog leaps,
Or a bird flies
 Microevolution pertains to slight quantifiable evolutionary
Modifications within a population from generation to generation.
 The Philippines maybe considered as a tropical rainforest
 Bioremediation is the method which uses microorganism metabolism
To clean up toxic wastes
 A decrease in the availability o carbon dioxide will decrease the rate of
Photosynthesis.
 Scurvy as a disease caused by ascorbic acid vitamin deficiency
 Disruption of natural habitats is the consequence of increased
Urbanization
 Parthenogenesis is a modified form of sexual reproduction seen among
Bees in which unfertilized eggs may developed into a complete individual
 Ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with nonliving
Things in an environment
 Deforestations is the removal of trees in order to provide areas were
Human habitations are constructed
 Galileo Galilee was called by Albert Einstein as the ―The Father of Modern
Science‖ for his use of scientific method in such experiments as falling
Bodies, telescope that viewed the moons of Jupiter, the thermometer
Based on the density of liquids
 The segmented worm that can we used to facilitate anticoagulation is
The leech
 The Bruntland Commission aims for sustainable development in the
Present without compromising the future needs
 The Philippine Clear Air Act of 1999 requires industries to install anti-
pollution
Devices and bans the use of incinerators.
GENERAL EDUCATION - SOCIAL SCIENCE
 ―remembrance for my hometown‖ was written by Rizal in memory of
Calamba which demonstrated his innate love of nature that ultimately
Developed into a greater love of nation.
 ― To the Filipino youth‖ was a prize winning poem by rizal which proved
That an indio was not only equal but also more superior than the
Spaniards in poetry writing.
 A Cartel is a combination of independent business organizations form to
Regulate production, pricing, ang marketing of goods by the members.
19
 A La Juventud Filipina was the title of Rizal‘s work considered to be his
Crowning glory as a young poet.
 A prisoner was made to confess his guilt. A lawyer of the respondent
Was present during the confession. The violation swas the confession
Was made without a due consultant.
 A recently (1976) awarded national artist for sculpture was Napoleon V.
Abueva
 Alibata is considered as the earliest form of writing in the Philippines.
 Among the Social Sciences, political science concerned with political
Processes, power struggle and governments
 An international convention where the Philippines can validate its claim
To the spratlys and other territories in the west Philippine sea is known
As the United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
 Analects which are short and witty sayings that treat of moral values and
Good human relation, are attributed to Confucius
 Atonia Luna was the founder and editor of the news paper ―La
independencia.‖
 Art is the product of man‘s to express himself with a high degree
Of sensitivity towards his environment. Carlos V. Francisco is the painter
of fisherfolks and farmers of his hometown in Rizal.
 As far as human right is concerned, ― Presumption of innocence‖ means
the suspect remains innocent until proven guilty.
 Augustinians are religious missioners who first arrived in the
Philippines.
 Bicameralism best describes the division of the legislature into the
Senate and the house of Representatives.
 Bicameralism serves as the training ground for the national leaders.
 Blue collar mania can result owing to bias among parents and the youth
towards manual or technical occupations, eg. Masons, Mechanics, and
plumbers, etc.
 Check and balance is a constitutional safeguard prevents one branch of
Government from becoming powerful or abusive.
 China is the largest country in Asia.
 Clean air act requires industries to install anti-pollution devices and
 Bans the use of incinerators.
 Colonialism is a economic policy in the 16th century in Europe that
Influenced Spain‘s expansionist policy to discover new lands.
 Community tax is the tax required to be paid annually by all adult citizens
Of the Philippines.
 Constitution is the fundamental law of the Philippines.
 Corregimientos are military provinces that were unpacified during the
Spanish period, that was usually led by a Corregidor, helped by a
Lieutenant.
 Creoles ( Mixed Hispanic Filipino Blood) first used the name ― Filipinos‖
Considering that native Filipinos in the Philippines were simply called
― Indios‖.
 Crimea is a major land mass on the northern coast of the black sea that
is almost completely surrounded by water.
 Culture refers to everything which is socially learned and shared by
Members of society.
 Culture shock is the term or the unpleasant sensation or frustration
When a traditional-bound Filipino goes to U.S and observes the open
display of love and emotions.
 Debt refers to any liability to pay money arising out of a contract,
Express or implied.
 Declaring an act of the President unconstitutional is a check on the
Executive department by the judiciary in the principle check and balance
among branches on the government.
 Democracy refers to the involvement of all the citizens in the control of the
government. On the other hand, oligarchy delegates control of
Government to a selected few.
 Democratic republic is our present form of government and NOT a form
of government during the colonial period.
 Deposit is income saved but not used through investment.
 Deterioration of account position is the direct effect of slowing of import
growth in an economy.
 Diego de los Rios was the last Spanish Governor-General of the
Philippines.
20
 Dr. Jose Rizal La Liga organization could be likened to the national
sociocivic organization according to present day social
groups/movements.
 During the 17th -18th century Hispanic era, governadorcillo was the
Highest post a native or Chinese mestizo can attain at the municipal
level, equivalent to local bureaucrats namely the mayors today.
 During the Hispanic era, native and Chinese male mestizos 16-60 years
old are obligsted to do forced labor called polo for forty days. However,
an exemption could be made by paying the falla.
 During the Spanish period, Indulto de Comercio refers to the privilege
Of the provincial Governor to engage in trade.
 Father Pedro Pelaez was the Spanish mestizo priest who first led the
Native secular clergy in the Securalization Movement in 1861.
 Felipe Agoncillo led the representation of the Filipino people during
The negotiation between the United States and Spain for the treaty of
Paris.
 Ferdinand Marcos promised to his country great again and ruled
For about twenty years.
 Financial assets is NOT among the many topics which the political
Scientist needs to directly consider from a psychological approach to
Improve statesmanship.
 Fiscal Autonomy is a guarantee given by the Constitution to certain units
of government where their approved annual appropriations shall be
automatically and regularly released.
 Frailocracia was the term given by Marcelo H. De Pilar to hidden control
And domination by Spanish religious priests over the colonial
government.
 Gemeinschaft ( Community) is characterized by shared experiences and
mutual responsibilities.
 General deposition to doubt since no facts can be definitely known is
Philosophical skepticism.
 Gesellschaft ( Society) features the exchange of goods, money, and
services.
 Governor General Despujol was popular with natives but aroused the
 Wrath of religious orders who are said to have paid 100,000 dollars for
his dismissal.
 Governor General Narciso Claveria was responsible for the use of Spanish
Surname by Filipinos.
 Graciano lopez –Jaena was the first editor of La Solidaridad and an orator
of the Reform Movement.
 Gregoria de Jesus saw her husbandAndres Bonifacio charge for treason
by fellow Filipinos who have formed the Philippine Revolutionary force
to fight Spain.
 Hongkong is not an Asean country.
 If you keep seeing your ways of doing things as the right way and
everybody else‘s as the wrong way, you tend to have the attitude called
ethnocentrism.
 In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods
an d services in an economy over a period of time.
 In order to avoid unnecessary stress in ARMM election, postponing
the election to a later date were undertaken lately by the government.
 In point of population, China is the largest state with a population placed
at about 1.2 billion people.
 In the Philippine Government, the earliest and smallest service of
Governance is the Barangay.
 Income Tax is a tax imposed on all employed and practicing professionals.
 Indirect or representative is our present form of government that
Characterizes our republic which elects national and local officials
in government.
 Industrialized countries‘ toxic disposed to poorer countries demonstrates
interconnectedness between social and environmental injustice.
 Inheritance tax is a kind of tax on the right of the deceased person to
transmit his estate to his lawful heirs of beneficiaries.
 Initiative is the power of the people to propose amendments to the
Constitution.
 Jones Law enacted by the U.S Congress in 1916 established a bicameral
legislature in the Philippines with the senator ( upper house) and House
of Representatives (Low house) to be compose of elected Filipinos.
21
 Jose Basco was the Spanish Governor general who established the
― Tobacco monopoly in 1981.
 Jose Dela Cruz was the literary figure known as ― Huseng Sisiw‖ while
Jose Corazon De Jesus is known as Huseng Butete.
 Jose Rizal was born in calamba, Laguna on june 19, 1861.
 Just Compensation refers to the full and fair equivalent of the property
Take from its owner by the expropriator, and the gauge for computation
Is not the taker‘s gain but the owner‘s loss.
 Kanya- kanya is divisive in interpersonal relationship in Philppine
Social culture.
 Leaders are the product of their times is the social scientists explanation
Of the relationship of a leader to history.
 Leadership by people of talent is the possible consequence of
Meritocracy in a social system.
 Legislative department has the authority to make laws and to alter or
Repeal them.
 Liberalization of media was the mechanism the government from 1971-
2003 use through mass media to stay for a decade-and-a-half in political
Power.
 Lin adjusted the way she dresses upon advice by her mother exmpliies the
culture is transmitted orally.
 Literary ideology and phraseology be characterized as crude during the
Days of our pre-Hispanic folks.
 Lucio San Pedro the famous composer from Angono who is also a national
Artist.
 Macario Sakay was the revolutionary leader who refused to surrender
to the Americans even after General Malvar‘s surrender, and declared
Himself President and commander in chief of the Supreme Government
Of the tagalong archipelago.
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar was the second editor of‖ La Solidaridad‖ with the
penname Dolores Manapat.
 Mercantilism is an economic policy in 16th century in Europe that
influenced Spain‘s expansionist policy to discover new lands.
 Military, Civil, Commonwealth is the sequence of government that
 happened during the American regime.
 Modern capitalism is the characteristics of entrepreneurship
 Monopoly is when one controls the supply\production of goods.
 National Commission for culture and the arts ( NCAA) is an agency
tasked to nurture Philippine arts.
 Negritos were the aboriginal settlers in the islands, prior to succeeding
migrants who crossed the seas from the Southern Philippines.
 Of the accepted aims in studying Political Science, to win elections and
hold public office is NOT regarded as immediately relevant.
 Of the seven continents comprising continues land mass surrounded by
big bodies of water, the biggest ( 30.1 percent of the earth) is Asia.
 One instance of taking away the life of another person without due
process is salvaging.
 One of the advantages of the presidential system of government is the
principle of separation of powers and checks and balance is observed.
 One of the pledges of the president of the Philippines is to defend its
constitution.
 Originally written in tagalog, the poem ―Kundiman‖ is one of the
only two poems that Rizal wrote in his vernacular.
 Participation in governance, including the right to vote and seek public
office, is secured within the citizenry‘s political rights.
 Parents patriae is prerogative inherent in the state where it is called
upon to protect those with less than full capacity to take adequate
care of their own interest
 Personal income tax should be paid and field every year by employees
and corporation. However, retired government employees receiving
only pensions are exempted from filing income tax returns.
 Philippine economy indices bare closely related to the rise and fall of the
US Dollars.
 Philippine Independent Church is a religious institution serving as the
only living remnant of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 today.
 Political will is the determination of the government to relate to what is
perceived as beneficial to public interests and acts to implement its
decision on such order to achieve a better future for its citizens.
22
 Polo was the name of forced labor imposed during the Spanish regime.
 Preamble of the jones law contained the concrete promise of the
Americans of Filipinos independence ― as soon as stable government can
be established
 Ramon Magsaysay was the Philippine president as‖ the man of the
masses‖
 Reduccion is a Spanish policy which provided the resettlement of fiipino
communities to form town centers of cabeceras.
 Religious sector cannot participate under the pastilles system of
representation.
 Republic act 9994 is also known as the expanded senior citizens act.
 Right against double jeopardy means that when a person is charged with
an offense and case is terminated either by acquittal or conviction or in
any other manner without the express consent of the accused , the latter
cannot be again be charged with the same identical offense.
 Rio Grande deCagayan is the longest river in the country that originates
from the mountains of Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya and drains the whole
Cagayan Valley existing through the town of aparri and Cagayan.
 Rizal was eight years old when he wrote the poem Our Mother Tongue.
 Rizal‘s loneliness is profoundly expressed in the poem ― They Ask Me
For Versses‖
 San Francisco de malabon band played the Marcha nacional Filipino of
the national anthem on June 12,1898, during the declaration of Philippine
independence.
 Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases involving
Graft and corrupt practices and such offenses committed by public by the
law.
 Sigmund freud is considered as the father of modern psychology
 Since Philippines is a republic, democratic country, it elects its president
Directly. Election Precinct is the smallest electoral unit of the government.
 Since the Philippines is a republic, democratic country, it elects its
president directly. Election precinct is the smallest electoral unit of the
government.
 Social justice is a state policy that provides for preferential attention to the
welfare of the less fortunate members of the Philippine Society.
 Squatters return to the squatters area is the reason that the housing
program for all these years did not succeed.
 St. Augustine‘s philosophy advocated the use of reason in
understanding the existence of God.
 Suffrage is the right and duty Filipinos exercise when they participate
in ratifying a proposed constitution.
 Sulu Sultanate was the first Sultanate in the Philippines which was
founded by Abu bakar in 1450.
 Supreme court is the only constitutional court in the Philippines.
 Taoism is another Chinese Philosophy about the same period as
confucianism , but more spiritual rather than ethical interest as
It stressed that nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life.
Lao-Tzu is the philosopher behind Taoism.
 Taxation is the power of the state that enables it to impose charge of
burden of the government in its discharge of appropriate functions.
 Territory is that definite or portion of the earth‘s surface which is the
subject of sovereignty rights and interests.
 The statement both husband and wife are co-equal is guaranteed by the
civil code of the Philippines.
 The ― La Liga Filipino‖ was a concrete evidence of Rizal‘s desire to unite
the entire archipelago and fight injustice in the country.
 The 1987 Constitution was framed by Constitutional Commission.
 The Act/Law that led to the granting of the ten year transition period is
the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
 The Ancient civilization of china existed in yellow River.
 The Assumption ―ceteris paribus‖ mean we assume a perfectly
competitive market.
 The author of ― Flora de Filipinas‖ circa 1837, the botanical illustrations
of plant specimens that grew into the Philippines herbarium is Fr.
Manual Blanco.
 The change of venue or place of trial can be ordered to avoid a miscarriage
of justice.
23
 The commander of the American and Filipino forces in Bataan was
General Edward P. King.
 The Commission on Appointment has 25 members composed of the
Senate President as ex officio Chairman, 12 Senators and 12 Members of
the House of Representatives.
 The Commonwealth was our government under the 1935 Constitution.
 The complex set of relationships within the agricultural sector and
betweenTenure structure, production structure, and the structure of
supporting services
 The culture of the Ilocanos can easily be felt through their ants dance
known as kinnotan.
 The earliest mode of economic life in human history according to Karl
Marx is called primitive communism.
 The economic policy that good action is one that helps the greatest
number of people is called utilitarianism.
 The evidence of the success the cooperatives can eventually put up banks
On their own is that many banks in metro manila and central Luzon
started out as cooperatives.
 The first American civil Governor was William Howard Taft, who served
As President Commission until he became civil governor in September
1901.
 The fulfillment of the collective needs to the human species, including
global Society is to pursue public interests.
 The function by which schools help children to participate effectively in
larger society is called socialization.
 The fundamental right invoked by filing the ―writ of amparo‖ is the right
to life liberty and security.
 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a multilateral
agreement regulating international trade.
 The government wants a piece of private land for a government project.
Tthe owner resisted the governments demand. The government may
Own the land through right of eminent domain.
 The highest mountain in the continent of Africa is Mt. Kilimanjaro
 The international Race Research Institute (IRRI) was conceptualized and
 Implement during the term of President Ferdinand Marcos.
 The Katipunan in Cavite was divided into two factions the magdiwang
And the magdalo while the magdiwang in cavite was led by Mariano
Alvarez, Baldomero Aguinaldo led the Magdalo faction.
 The longest revolt in Philippine history is called the dagohoy revolt,
which lasted for 85 years, from 1744-1829.
 The MAJOR RIVERS IN CHINA are the Hwang-Ho and Yangtze.
 The maxim ―There is no such thing as free lunch‖ means every action
And the decision has a price that we need to pay.
 The most devastating typhoon in 2009 with a damage of 1.09 billion
Dollars and 747 fatalities was known as ondoy.
 The mountain that separate the continents of Asia and Europe is the
Ural mountain range.
 The Nazi Holocaust or the extermination of the Jews During the wolrd
war II is the example of ethnocentrism.
 The only officials removal by impeachment are the president , Vice
president, members of the supreme court, the members of the
constitutional commission and the ombudsman.
 The order of Philippine presidents: Aguinaldo,Quezon-Laurel-osmena
Roxas-Quirino-Magsaysay-Garcia –Macapagal-Marcos-Cory Aquino-
Ramos –Estrada-Aroyo –Noynoy Aquino-Duterte
 The ordering of human needs from highest to lowest known as the
Hierarchy of needs by Abraham maslow.
 The party list system shall constitute 20% of the total number of the
House of Representatives.
 The Philippine president who was known as ―the man of the masses‖
was Ramon Magsaysay
 The Philippine was ruled by Spain through the Viceroy of Mexico until
1814.
 The Philippines, which is made up of thousands of island is called
archipelago.
 The policy of the estate to pursue a comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program is clearly stated in its policy to establish owner-cultivatorship
of economic size farms.
24
 The preamble of the Jones Law contained the concrete promise of the
Americans to Filipino independence ― as soon as a stable government
can be established.
 The President cannot validly declare martial law in the instance of
eminent danger.
 The President famous for the Filipino First Policy and Austerity Program
Is Carlos Garcia
 The principle of equity in taxation provides that tax payers should be
Taxed according to their professions and status I n life
 The Process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by
Which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviors that
Are appropriate or necessary in that culture is called enculturation
 The province in the Philippines which was called ― Ma-i‖ by the Chinese
In the 14th century in Mindoro
 The Provinces that were pacified and were already recognizing Spanish
Rule were called Alcaldias.
 The regular election of the members of congress shall be held on the
Second Monday of May
 The religious schism which occurred in our country during the 1896
Revolution resulted in the formation of a religious sect popularly
Known today as Philippine Independent Church
 The report from congress registered rejection on the proposed bill
Meaning the majority failed to get the group support.
 The Republic act that requires the compulsory teaching of Rizal course
And the lives of other Filipino patriots is Republic Act 1425
 The resettlement of the Filipino communities to town centers called
Cabeceras was provided by the Spanish policy called Reduccion.
 The right invoked in the ―writ of habeas data‖ is the right to information
privacy.
 The sense of dependency among citizens is a condition that contradicts
the social justice mandate in the 1987 Constitution.
 The stage actress who brought fame to her country through her
International awards for her stage performance was Lea salonga.
 The state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another is
 called slavery.
 The study of human behavior is psychology.
 The use of Spanish surnames by Filipinos was ordered by Governor
General Narciso Claveria.
 The yellow race is also known as Mongoloids who probably originated
In what is now the North of Tibet.
 Through the Galleon trade (1565-1815), the Philippines had extended
Contacts with Mexico
 To assure healthy banking industry, the Bangko Central has encouraged
bank merging.
 Underwood-Simmons Act established a full free trade in the Philippines.
 Union obrera Democratica was the first labor union in the country
founded by Isabelo Delos Reyes on july 1901.
 Ural Mountain range forms a rugged spine in west-central russsia and
The major part of the traditional physiographic boundary between
Europe and Asia.
 Veto Power was the power to set aside certain by the Kingdom of Spain
to the governor general of the Philippines.
 Violation of human rights is a violation of the dignity of persons.
 Visayas is the location of the island known as the ― Isla De Pintados‖ by
the Spaniards.
 Voting is a privilege in a democratic country. Those who are deprived of
Their votes are normally disenfranchised.
 When one controls the supply\production of goods, this implies
monopoly.
 When parents decide to send their children to a private school and pay
their tuition fee instead of sending them to the public school, they don‘t
Get their share in the benefit derived from the taxes they pay. This is a
case of double jeopardy.
 With the Batasang Pambansa performing legislative and executive powers
In the Marcos regime, the form of government implemented was
parliamentary.
 Written in 1895, ―Hymn to Talisay‖ were used against Rizal during his
trial in December 1896.
25
 San Francisco de Malabon Band played the Marcha Nacional Filipino of
the national anthem on June 12, 1898 during the declaration of
Philippine independence.
 Ningas Cogon represents a detrimental aspect of Philippine culture
and society.
 Every right has a built-in duty. I have the right to drive my car but I must
see to it that I obey traffic rules illustrates this correctly.
 Police Power is the power of the state to regulate individual‘s rights
and behavior for the general welfare.
 As per the agreement in the Pact of biac-na-bato, Emilio Aguinaldo and
other leaders of the revolutionary government were to go into exile in
Hong kong.
 Sergio Osmena Sr. was the first elected Speaker of the house of the
Philippine Assembly.
OTHERS
 Overemphasis on drill and practice belongs to the Red Flag
 Teacher Marvin talks to students about their interests, what they did over
the weekends, their progress in school work, etc. This positive approach to
classroom management is expressing interest for students.
 In the 5‘s Formula to create a conducive learning environment, the S that
stands for cleanliness in the workplace is Shine.
 High use audiovisuals is not an indicator of a supportive learning
environment.
 Student‘s responsibility for learning is an indicator of autonomy in the
learning environment.
 Teacher Jose can do brainstorming in order to generate ideas in planning a
sports competition activity.
 The principle that supports adoption of teaching methods on accordance
with students needs is unique characters of every students.
 Among the components in the instructional framework for learning
strategies, independent practice is demonstrated by teacher Bea who
assigns homework for students to do on their own.
 The framework in providing students with templates and explaining the
steps for developing a research papers is modelling.
 The questioning techniques in which the teacher prods students to reply
along directions that lead to the proper answer is called prompting.
 The SPED, the chair arrangement that is effective for students grouped
and working together based on personality and work styles is cooperative
cluster.
 In problem-based learning group, the teacher leads the discussion for
achieving desired aims.
 In the Mila‘s Biology class, the students were made two work in small
groups, learned from each other and each person in the group took
responsibility for learning of the whole group, she employed cooperative
learning.
 In teacher Aa wants to apply the collaborative approach in learning she
should be initially attentive to listening.
 T-L individual ideas to general odes describe as the inductive teaching
learning (TL) method.
 The type of classroom that builds the ―learning to live together‖ climate of
teaching and learning in school is cooperative.
 In learning to do pillar of new education, the enabling factor that can make
the learner fully contribute to a peaceful and just society is values.
 The organization that advanced the insights of ―Learning to Treasure
Within‖ for 21st century education is the International Commission for the
21st Century.
 An observation that tests to fact that the students motivation vary
according to socio-cultural backgrounds is children from low-income
household meet more obstacles in learning.
 In poem ―When in distance with Fortune and men‘s Eyes‖ Shakespeare
felt depressed looking at his sad fate and wishing he were someone else
more rich , with many friends, with greater skills and future prospects in
life. The best antidote to such depressed feelings is count your own
blessings.
 Among active participation of school officials and teachers in the
community, promoting contraceptives for Planned Parenthood is not
appropriate due to prevailing religious sentiments.
26
 The degree of moral certitude of Alegre who entered into marriage only
out of obedience to her parents, but uncertain whether she wanted
marriage at all is doubtful.
 The principle of lesser of two evil applies to fire victims who decided to
jump over a ten-storey rather than die by being burned to death.
 The principle of formal cooperation applies to nations or corporate
industrialists supplying arms to combatants who sow civil war or terror in
various parts of the world.
 Teacher Miles is directed to pass an undeserving students with death
threat. An advice that a utilitarian will give is to pass the student because
it will be of use to the student, his parents, and her.
 Resignation to mediocrity best describes ‖puwedena― mentality vs.
excellence in service/work.
 Explore inthe loves of national heroes is an activity that the teacher as a
trustee of the cultural heritage of the nation most effectively introduce in
order to instill patriotic ideals in their personal lives.
 The world has become a global village. A sound practice that is expected
of teachers is respect of diverse cultures
 For gender fair language that advances feminism, congressman should be
addressed as members of the congress.
 When house tasks are typecast as the females responsibility, gender
stereotypes is reinforced in classroom management
 In avoiding implying sickness or suffering the most preferable way to
refer to those with disabilities like polip is ―had polio‖.
 The most desirable in the use of technology in instruction is technology
integration.
 While there is modernity and progress through the use of technology in
instruction, the greatest danger along the domain of learning that is posed
by technology is developing positivity and uncritical minds
 The journal writing using the internet and useful for teachers who can
publish lesson ideas to digital student readers is called blog.
 The purpose of support instructional materials in the classroom is to
enhance learning
 With closeness to direct experience as standard, a teacher should choose
contrived experiences.
 Real-life experience provides the most direct type of learning but is
difficult to supply in the traditional classroom.
 The Venn diagram is most useful in presentation of concepts by
comparison
 The bar graph is a visual aid that is useful showing the trend in
temperature change from monthto month
 The quality of content the teacher achieved when she made certain her
information came with the ―information explosion‖ which she got in the
internet, such as how to effectively teach phonetics is significance.
 The quality of lesson content that gets the active attention of learners is
interest.
 According to researchers , increased violence among young is likely effect
of excessive TV viewing and video games playing among children
 Among the following terms in technology, educational technology has
broadest concept of technology for the whole educative system.
 In e-learning, the motivational aspects of learning through the electronic
media is enthusiasm to use technology.
 Technology cannot take the place of the teacher in the classroom because it
is only an instrument or a tool
 In the process of integrating technology in instruction, developing
metacognitive points to the highest kind of cognitive skills desired
 The most traditional technology in the limited sense of tools for education
is the use of chalkboard.
 The present-day netizen students are properly referee today as digital
generation
 Blog is a journal writing on the internet for denizens
 Presently, the internet has become the home library of students for vast
and updated information
 Lifelike is the quality that makes digital visual materials better describes
as ―visual reality‖.
 Videotaped conversation of students using adjectives is an appropriate
multimedia resource for a lesson on adjectives
 Village interview is a form of direct learning experience
 Teacher demonstrating the use of microscope is a direct performance
experience in teaching science
27
 Teacher Lem would like to compare and contrast plant cell to animal cell,
she would most likely to use a Venn diagram
 A useful tool for constructivist learning in presenting the characteristic
features of objective/subjects in a lesson is the attribute wheel
 A pocket chart is an aid that is two-dimensional and hanged on the wall
 The kind of literary works that s that are vey creative by way of
descriptive language and dramatic episodes is fiction novels
 The students can find critical views on current events in newspapers in
the opinion page
 Among models of reading strategies, the student adopted interactive
method when she read and forth, attending to both what is in her mind
and was on the page
 ―context clues‖ is known as getting the meaning of a new unfamiliar word
by looking for hints from the surrounding words in a sentences of
paragraph.
 Evaluation reading is the level of reading that is used if a students is
judging Shakespeare‘s hamlet emotional complex that caused him to wish
taking his own life
 The first stepin Goodell‘s skills ladder, suing the dictionary should be
used last and only when needed.
 The truest of adolescents is normal changes
 Teacher observed that the student Mae is behind in his development with
classmates in grade four. Her not getting alone with age-mates most likely
made him come up with this observation.
 Erik Erikson advocated that we face a specific psychosocial dilemma at
each stage of life
 In Erikson‘s stage theory of development, trust needs to be developed
from the child (1 to 1/2) years old).
 Following Kohlberg‘s theory of moral development, the moral reasoning
or perspective of Joy who allows her classmate to copy her test work, so
that she will be her friend is social approval.
 Centration explains the tendency of preschool children to focus on an
aspect of an object while excluding other aspects.
 In Piaget‘s stage of cognitive development, pr-operational stage is the
stage in which a child‘s intelligence is intuitive, able to make mental
representation, and close to the use of symbols
 In Piaget‘s concrete operational stage in cognitive development,
decentering refers to the ability of the child perceive different features of
objects and situation
 In Piaget‘s Formal operation stage in cognitive development, knowing
properties (number, mass, volume, etc) is not among the characteristics of
the child‘s thinking ability.
 Relating present with past lesson is the way lessons can be made more
meaningful by way of learning continuity.
 John Dewey said ― an ounce of experience is better than a ton of theory.
―this statement point the primacy of experience.
 Asking students to predictanongategories of thinking skills, analysis is the
ability to breaks down outcomes is an instance when teachers leads
students toward the metacognition
 The question ― Am I learning well enough? ― relates to metacognition
 In cognitive learning, laws are firmly established and thoroughly tested
principles of theories
 Plato‘s contemplative use of mind tis best characterized as introspective
 Drill is generally used for mastery learning, especially of psychomotor
skills
 On cluster of meaningful activities, storytelling does not belong to bodily
kinesthetic learning activities
 From the cluster of meaningful learning activities, environmental study
belongs to naturalistic.
 Landscape drawing is an example of spatial learning that is appropriate
for appreciation of the beautiful
 Forming and proving hypothesis is the best process to develop logical
reasoning among senior students
 ―are the mind and the brain one and the same?‖ exemplifies an open
ended question
 Among study habits, ―I make a weekly timetable‖ shows the ability to
organize and plan his classwork.
 Tolerance is the ability to know without being frustrated by ambiguous
ideas
 Feasibility study is a research that is directly appropriate for anew
entrepreneur going into a small business
28
 A positive correlation is to direct relation while inverse relation is negative
correlation
 Concentration is the ability to know without being distracted or confused
by irrelevant ideas
 Among cognitive objectives, comprehension is also known as am
understanding and is step higher than more knowledge of facts.
 Among categories of thinking skills, analysis is the ability to break down
complex information into parts for understanding.
 Non-discursive communication is the learning outcome assessed in
dramatic reading along with movement, posture, facial expression, etc.
 An entering student in college would like to determine which course is the
best suited for him. An aptitude test is appropriate for this purpose.
 The teacher employed realoral questioning in using inquiry to test her
student‘s ability to recall information.
 Scoring rubric is the most reliable tool for determining the student‘s ability
to write.
 Creativity is being assessed by the rubric that seeks to assess high,
moderate, or low imaginative thinking.
 Paper-pencil vocabulary test is the least authentic mode of student‘s
performance assessment.
 The criterionreferenced test is designed to determine performance level n
a specific skills.
 The best person who should be responsible for constructing test with
validity over specific content of subject areas is the teacher
 The assessment of the items should be aligned with instructional
objectives
 The primary response factor that is considered by essay questions is wide
sampling of ideas.
 The automated checking which helps in improving reliability is objective
scoring
 The criterion that is implied with the test measures what is aimed to
measure is validity
 The valid test is a reliable test
 Using the Likert Method of summative scale, the mean for scale ratings
(10, 7.5, 5, 2.5 and 0) is 5
 In assessment of achievement, the most stable measure of variability is
standard deviation
 When standard deviation is big, this means that scores are spread out
 A normal curve means that there are large number of more or less average
and few receiving low high grades
 What can be said of students performance is negatively skewed class score
distribution is most students performed well
 What is meant by a difficulty index 1 for a test item is that an item is
extremely easy.
 Teacher Luis found out that more from the lower group got item no. 16
correctly in his items analysis. This means that the item has negative
discriminating power.
 What is meant by a -0.36 determination index in test assessment is that
more from lower group answered items correctly.
 If the lower score obtained in a 100-item test is 1 and the highest is 99, the
score are highly dispersed.
 In norm-referenced interpretation of scores, the teacher has a tendency to
give high grades as compared to the rest
 A teachers generosity error means that the teacher has a tendency to give
high grades as compared to the rest.
 What is claimed to be a disadvantage of our current practice of giving
numerical or letter grade is that they are perceived to be absolute
measures of intelligence.
 A hedonist teacher will pass the student if he is ordered to pass an
undeserving student with a death threat because he does not want to
suffer the threat
 A class is composed of academically poor students. The distribution
would be most likely be skewed to the right
 A negative discrimination index means that more from upper group got
the item correctly
 A quiz is classified as a formative test
 A teacher would use a standardized test to compare her students to
national norms
 A test item has a difficulty index of 0.81 and discrimination index of 0.13. a
test constructor should reject the item
 Percentile ranks are not the same as percentage correct
29
 Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher gives students real-
life tasks to accomplish.
 If the lowest score obtained in a 100 item test is 1 and the highest is 99, the
scores are highly dispersed
 In norm-referenced interpretation of scores, the teacher compares
individual student’s scores with other students’ scores
 A teachers generosity error means that the teacher has a tendency to give
high grades as compared to the rest
 What is claimed to be a disadvantage of our current practice of giving
numerical or letter grade is that they are perceived to be absolute
measures of intelligence
 A hedonist teacher will pass the student if he is ordered to pass an
undeserving student with a death threat because he does not want to
suffer the threat because he does not want to suffer the threat
 A class is composed of academically poor students. The distribution
would be most likely be skewed to the right
 A negative discrimination index means that more from the lower group
answered the test item correctly
 A positive discrimination index means that ,more from the upper group
got the item correctly
 A quiz is classified as a formative assessment
 A teacher would use a standardized test to compare her students to
national norms
 A test item has difficulty index of 0.81 and a discrimination index of 0.13.
a test constructor should reject the item
 Percentile ranks are not the same as percentage correct
 Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher gives students real life
tasks to accomplish
 Concurrent validity requires correlation study
 For mastery learning, criterion-referenced testing will be most fit
 ― group the following items according to phylum‖ is a thought test item
on classifying
 If all your student in your class passed the pre-test, you should go to the
lesson quickly in order not to skip any
 If a teacher wants to test the student‘s ability to organize ideas, essay is the
type of test that she should formulate
 If the computed range is low, this means that the difference between the
highest and the lowest score is low
 If your LET items sample adequately to the competencies listed in the
syllabi, it can be said that the LET possesses content validity
 In an entrance examination, a student‘s percentile is 25. Based on this, the
student will not be likely admitted
 In a group norming, the percentile rank of the examinee is dependent on
his batch of examinees
 In her item analysis, the teacher found out that more on the upper group
got an item correctly. This means that the item has a positive
discrimination index
 In test construction, TOS means Table of Specification
 In the context on the theory of multiple intelligence, one of weakness of
paper-pencil test is it puts non-linguistically intelligent at a disadvantage
 It is good to give students challenging and creative learning task because
development is aided by stimulation
 Marking on a normative basis means that the symbols used grading
indicate how a student achieved relative to other students
 The aim of our education during the commonwealth period was purely
nationalistic and democratic
 Supposed that an developing curriculum, your intention is to put a lot
importance in developing the mind and spirit of the learners. The
philosophical belief that will help you in this is idealism
 A school curriculum should include a common body of knowledge that all
students should know. This is related to essentialism
 One teacher says. If it is billiard that brings student out of the classroom,
let us bring it into classroom. Perhaps, I can use it to teach mathematics‖.
This is related to progressivism
 The curriculum should focus on the great ideas that have survived
through time and related to present day challenges. This is related to
perennialism
30
 The subject matter or content to be learned must be within the time
allowed, resource available, expertise of the teacher and nature of learners
The criterion addressed is feasibility
 The closest to the real human digestive system in the classroom is the
model of human digestive system
 The factor that must be primarily considered in the choice of instructional
aid is that it must be suited to the lesson objective
 Realias are concrete objects that provide direct purposeful experiences
which are ideal for introducing students to new subject
 A flow chart is the graphic organizer most fit for sequencing steps of a
process
 The internet is the worldwide system of computer networks in which
users at any one computer can, if they have permission , get permission,
get information from any other computer
 The brain of the computer is called CPU
 The first thing that the teacher determines in the selection of media for
teaching is the objectives of the lesson
 After Ms. Adriano planned her lesson in English, she found out that the
materials at hand do not match her objective. She must modify the
available materials
 Appropriateness is the criterion that should guide a teacher in the choice
of instructional devices
 Globe as an instructional material is under the category of models
 The principle that is violated by over using the chalkboard, as through it is
the only educational technology available is variety
 The closer you are to the base, the more direct the learning experience
becomes according to Edgar Dale
 When more senses are stimulated, teaching learning become more
effective.‖ An applicationof this principle is using multi-sensory aids
 Bruner‘s theory of intellectual development moves from enactive to iconic
and symbolic stage. Applying Bruner‘s theory, the teacher must begin to
the concrete
 The spread sheet program is the software needed when one wants to
perform automatic calculations on numerical data
 Mrs. Agustin presented real samples of rock when she discussed the
different form of rocks. She applied the principle of authenticity in the
selection of instructional materials.
 The law of learning is identified with Loree
 Skinner is remembered for the instrumental operant theory
 Tabula rasa is a concept of education attributed to john Locke
 The great didactic is an educational classic written by Comenius
 The center of educative process is the learner
 The major laws learning are the law of readiness, exercise and effect
 The greatest influence in the formation of cultural values is the family
 The father of kindergarten is Froebel
 Emile is an educational classic associated naturalism
 The main thrust of today education is the development of sense of the
nationhood which will be achieved through the infusion of a shared
system of beliefs and desired Filipino values
 Basic education which is the foundation of people empowerment refers to
the elementary and secondary education
 Individual differences accounts that no two individuals is exactly alike in
their resulting development and adjustment
 Techniques to develop sensory motor learning, Direction, demonstration,
drill and simulation
 Purposive Behaviorism is the theory of Tolman
 The school of psychology upon which most of cognitive psychology is
based was develop by Wolfgang Kohler, Marx Witheimer and Kurt
Koffka in 1921. This is known as Gestalt Laws
 Theory of generalization is referred to as the theory of Charles Judd
 The highest level of individual need in the hierarchy of need theory is self-
actualization
 The linguistic type learners loves to read, write and tell stories
 Thorndike proposed that human activity is based on association and
response
 Teacher Lea scolded a pupil named Pia for not listening attentively. As a
result, the whole class paid attention to teacher Lea. This is explained by
the phenomenon called the Ripple effect
31
 The industry vs inferiority stage considers teachers, peers and adults
outside the home important to shaping attitudes toward oneself
 The best example of operant conditioning is using reinforcement
 Clara has inherent skills in taking care of plants. It is highly possible that
she has naturalistic intelligence
 Teacher Nelia bridges the student present skill and the desired level with
technique advise by Vygotsky is scaffolding
 According to the Philippine Constitution the state shall establish, maintain
and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education is
relevant to the need of the people and society
 All educational institution shall include the study of the constitution as
part of curricula
 Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institution of higher learning
 The state shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and
ensure that teaching will attract and retain it rightful share of the best
available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job
satisfaction and fulfilment
 The nationallanguage of the Philippine is Filipino. As it evolves , shall be
further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and
other languages
 Republic act 7836 is an act to strengthen the regulation and supervision of
the practice of teaching in the Philippines and prescribing a licensure
examination for teacher and for other purposes
 The board of professional teachers has the power to prescribe and or
adopt a code of ethical and professional standards for the practice of the
teaching professions
 The Board shall, within one hundred twenty days after the examination,
report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the Professional
Regulation Commission for approval and appropriate action
 Every registrant shall be required to take his professional oath before
practicing as aprofessional teacher
 If a teacher fail to pass the merit examination, he or she shall be allowed to
take the examination for the second time
 The who pass the merit examination shall earn merit point for purposes of
promotion of salary or to a higher position or grade level
 No teacher of foreign nationality shall be admitted to the examination or
be entitled to any of the right and privileges provided under the act,
unless the country or state of which he is subject permits Filipino
professional teachers to practice within its territorial limits on the same
basis as subjects or citizens of said country or state. This is called
registration by reciprocity
 Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for 5 years
shall take atleast 12 units of education courses consisting of atleast of 6
units of pedagogy and 6 unit of content courses or the equivalent training
and number of hours
 For those who have failed the licensure examination for professional
teacher, with a rating not lower than 5 percentage points from the passing
general average rating shall be eligible as para teachers
 A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a person has excelled
and gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledge expert
in his or her respective field of specialization
 Knowledge gives emphasis on remembering information
 Comprehension focuses on understanding and organizing previously
learned information
 Application gives emphasis on using information in pertinent situation
 Analysis tackles on thinking critically about information by studying the
parts
 Synthesis focuses on original thinking about the information by putting its
part into a new whole
 Evaluation give emphasis on making judgments about information based
on identified standards
 Receiving gives emphasis on becoming aware on some communication or
phenomenon from the environment
 Responding gives emphasis on reacting to communication or
phenomenon through participation
 Valuing gives emphasis on attaching worth to something from the
environment
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 Organization involve organizing of values in relation to each other
 Characterization acts in accordance with the accepted value and becomes
part of personality
 Perception use the sense organ to obtain the cues that guide motor
activities
 Set means readiness to take particular action that includes mental,
physical, and emotional set
 Guided response is concerned with early stages of learning complex skills
 Mechanism is concerned with habitual responses that can be performed
with some confidence and proficiency
 Complex overt response skillfully performs acts require complex
movement patterns like highly coordinated motor activities
 Adaptation is concerned with skills so well learned they are modifies to fit
special requirements or meet a problem situation
 Organization creates new movement patterns to fit a particular situation
or problem
 If a pre-school is competing with her mother for her father‘s attention she
is said to be experiencing Electra complex
 Classical conditioning theory is attributed to Ivan Pavlov for his
experiment involving the dog‘s salivation as a reaction to the sound of the
buzzer
 Institution of learning encourage to set higher standard of quality over
and above the minimum required for state recognition as provided for the
Education Act of 1982 is voluntarily accreditation
 The present military training in our school curriculum is an influence of
Sparta
 The signing of national anthem is an offshoot of the philosophical ideas of
nationalism
 The research establish the first kindergarten that is also known as garden
where children can grow is Froebel
 One mark of a good teacher is that she has the mastery of the lesson
 The main purpose of compulsory education of the constitution is to
develop students into responsible thinking citizen
 To shows disapproval to the misbehavior of the student, the teacher clear
his throat and looks intently to erring students. This classroom
management style is commonly known as signal interference
 An example of child interest in hi body is looking at themselves in the
mirror
 Motor development is manifested by a particular child who learns how to
walk, run and jump
 Ritalin is a drug that is commonly used for children with ADHD
 The main reason why children with ADHD have limited learning skills is
that they act on impulse and cannot concentrate
 Parents can foster initiative and interdependence in children by
encouragement when a child plans and carries out a task
 When a child manifest autism, self-destructive behavior and echolalia, the
child might be showing the symptoms of childhood autism
 The motivation that comes from sheer enjoyment of creating art work is
called intrinsic motivation
 A child who always fight to his classmate who has very short attention
span and who has frequent tantrums is believe to be suffering from
attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome
 Portfolio is the pre-planned collection of sample of students work,
assessed results and other output produced by the students
 An example of norm-reference interpretation is a student score is higher
than 89% of the class
 Central tendency error is committed on grading the performance of the
students by the rater who avoids both extremes of the scale of and the
trends to rate everyone as average
 The Sophist in ancient Greek were the wandering scholar who went to
Athens to teach Athenian Boys by collecting fees from them
 Socrates was a Greek thinker who believed that knowledge is virtue and
all virtues actions are based on knowledge
 Monasticism is where education was a religious discipline, strict, rigid,
and punishment were severe
 St. Thomas Aquinas was one of the foremost proponent of the Scholastic
movement
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 A page is an attendant to the noble courts at the age of 7 years old
 Humanism is a philosophy that believes that education aims to liberate
man from the oppressive and demanding medieval institution like the
church and the state to enable them fully to develop his potentials
 Reformation highlighted the protest of the people who were dissatisfied
by the policies of the Roman Catholic church caused by the massive
corruption and indulgences of the church
 Martin Luther is considered as the father of reformation
 Realism is a educational philosophy that advocates that education should
be concerned with actualities of life and prepare for its concrete duties
 John Amos Comenius wrote ―OrbisPictusSensualism‖ or the World of
Sensible things Pictured, which is considered as the first textbook on using
of visual aids in classroom teaching
 Francis Bacon suggested the use of inductive method of teaching and
believe that all scientific progress must be based on nature
 John Locke is a advocate of disciplinism and believe that when the child is
born his mind can be compared to a ―tabula rasa‖ or ablank tablet and
experience will be the ones to write on that tablet
 John Heinrich Pestallozi advocated that the learning is through
observation and experience and education is basically a‖contact of soul‖
and the teacher must feel respect and sympathy for the children he teaches
 John Freidrich Herbart was known for Herbetian Method of teaching,
which is composed of preparation, presentation, association,
generalization and application
 Maria Montessori developed a Vhild0-centered curriculum and
emphasized manipulation and experimentation to promote independence
and creativity
 John Dewey a proponent of sociological movement, believed that an
education must be democratic and considered as life and not just the
preparation for life
 In accordance to the Code of Ethics of Professional Teachers, every
teachers shall participate to the Continuing Professional Development
(CPD)
 In accordance to the RA 7836, every teacher shall be mentally, physically,
and morally fit
 The Education Act of 1982 provided for the establishment and
maintenance of an integrated system of education
 Act no. 2706 I also known as the ―Private School law‖
 RA 4670 is known as the ― Magna Carta for Public School Teachers‖
 RA 6655 is known as the‖ Free Public Secondary Act of 1988‖
 Republic Act 6788 ―Act Providing Government Assistance to Students and
Teachers in Private Education‖
 Republic Act 7610 ―Child Protection Policy‖
 RA 7784 ―Act to strengthen Teacher Education in the Philippines by
establishing Centers of Excellence‖
 RA 7796‖Tesda Act of 1994‖
 RA 7880 ― Fair and Equitable access to Education Act‖
 RA 9155 ―an act Instituting the Framework of Governance for Basic
Education, Establishing Authority and Accountability, Renaming the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports as the Department of
Education‖
 Progressivism connoted a growth and development and is described
engaging student in problem solving activities that is a reflection of the
personal and social experiences that can help them in solving their own
real-life problem
 Existentialism is defined as the philosophical objectivity of selfhood whose
fundamental doctrine proclaims man‘s freedom in accomplishment of his
destiny
 Reconstructionism covers the underlying factors that constitute reality or
society and where students are encouraged to become involved in the
problems whether political, social or economic that confronts the society
and is able to arrive solutions in order to reconstruct the society
 Perenialism maintains that education involves confronting the problems
and questions that have challenge people over the centuries
 The licensure examination directly qualifies the teacher candidates to be
registered at par with order profession like medicine, law, nursing and the
like
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 To prevent the low performance of graduates taking the LET there should
be a review of the existing teacher education curriculum vis-à-vis TOS
 According to the 1990 EDCOM congressional review and assessment low
investment and poor management primarily causes the declining quality
Philippine education
 The constitutional exemption for the prohibition to establish school solely
for aliens in the Philippines is for children of diplomats and their
dependents
 Academic freedom is the right given to the private universities to
require an entrance test for admission of students
 Students who show high learning skills are most deserving of government
funding assistance
 By way of language medium, National Language is best for students of
diverse cultural background
 The local government can support schools by providing fiscal funding to
support schools
 School can effectively support out-of-school youths and unemployed by
providing livelihood training
 The vision, mission, core values of a school can be most
effectivelytranslated in the academic program of youth of a school by
alignment with program, projects and activitiesthe school home
connection best characterizes a silong converted into a classroom
 Under RA 7722 or higher education of 1994, the commission on higher
education has direct I education supervision and management of teacher
education institution or colleges of education in the country
 The Teacher Education Development Program embodies both the pre-
service and in-service program for teachers
 The policy for assigning physical facilities classroom should be based on
the students need s
 The in most effective way to clarify the school‘s goals and responsibilities
early in the first year is orientation
 The overall stream for education, growth and fulfilment in the teaching
professions lifelong career
 Responsiveness is the best description for the full interest and enthusiasm
in the work of teaching
 What can be expected from the teacher‘s role as a community change
agent relevant response to community needs
 Once a teacher, forever a student implies lifelong learning
 A teacher that focuses on helping students to accept themselves as unique
individuals applies an existentialist approach
 Existentialism is the philosophy of education that is taught by Satre when
he said that man is nothing else but that he makes of himself
 A perennialist teacher would choose general course to study in teaching
 The traditional curriculum and mass education lack value for
individualization that the progressive can deliver
 In selecting a code of conduct, the behaviorist teacher would prefer those
that are exemplified by great men/women important learners
 Training soldier-citizens was stressed by the education curriculum of
Spartan
 ―Sage on stage‖ means that the teacher assumes the role of dispenser of
knowledge
 ―Guide on the side‖ means that the teacher assumes the role of facilitator
of learning
 A supervisor observe a teacher and noted that the teacher was the only
one talking during the class. The supervisor was looking for teachers to
draw out student response
 The hidden goal of students who refuse to cooperate or participate or
participate in class activities is to isolate self
 Among mistaken goals in the acceptance approach to discipline, attention
getting is what happens when students are not getting the recognition
they desire, continually seek help, and refuse to work unless the teacher
hovers over them
 Among mistaken goals in the acceptance approach to discipline,
withdrawal is what happens when student feels helpless and rejected so
that they remove themselves rather than confront the situation
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 The student who have short attention span, unable to sustain
concentration by being easily affected by sight, sounds, or speech has
distractible problem type
 The kind of help that can be most likely be effective for the shy and timid
students is encouragement
 The behavior-modification approach is applied when teacher uses a
variety of techniques (rewards, reinforcement, etc) to sustain interest and
effective learning
 For problems of discipline that cannot be resolved in class, relying on
others to resolve classroom problems should not be done as it reduces the
authority of the teacher
 Getting the side of the students is equal to giving students the benefit of
the doubt
 An immediate and effective way to deal with three misbehaving students
is to assign them separate seats
 Sending the student on the guidance office is non-threatening style of
disciplining unruly students
 From classroom management strategies applied on erring students,
shaming erring students before the class should not be done
 Following the principles for punishing students, the least desirable
strategy for classroom management is punishing while angry
 Each teacher has a role as a behavior as a behavior reinforcing agents.
Threat should not be encouraged among students
 Ripple effect refers to situation wherein a certain event produces effect
which spread and produce further effects
 The word pyramid is a game which is good for children who have basic
printing and spelling skills
 Close procedure is reading comprehension activity in which word are
omitted from passage and students are required to fill in the blanks
 A proactive teachers act before a specific situation becomes a source of
problem or crisis
 A reactive teacher reacts to the past rather than anticipating what will
happen in the future
 Analysis involved when a student clarifies information from conclusion
 Administrability is the characteristic of the test involved when the
instruction for the test are made simple, clear and concise
 A rubric list the criteria and their levels of quality on which evaluation
will be focused
 Among the components of the learners mark or ratings, behavior is
reflected in Values Education
 Scoring guides for rating open-minded question are called rubrics
 Montessori claimed that the children are natural learners and therefore
must be taught in natural setting
 Choose an appropriate curriculum especially that the child's mind does
not certain any innate idea was an advice from John Locke
 According to Erikson, pre-school years are critical for the development of
self-confidence
 Based on Freuds theory, Id operates when a student strikes a classmate at
the height of anger
 ―It is how I look through the eyes of others‖ is referred to as the ―Looking
Glass Self‖ of Cooley
 Gestalt psychology states that the mind insist on finding patterns in things
that contribute to the development of insight
 Modelling is a teaching activity founded on Bandura‘s Social learning
theory
 In an underlying assumption of the social cognitive theory, people learn
by observing others
 One learns Math by building on Math lessons previously learned. This is
an application of the constructivist theory
 Thorndike‘s law of effect states that a connection between stimulus and
response is strengthened when the consequence is positive
 According to Ausubel, one of the way the strengthen the students
cognitive structure is by using an instructional tool called advance
organizer
 Mentoring is an activity characterized by a relationship of mutual trust
and respect with individual agreeing to observe each other's teaching and
solving problem together
 Schools aiming to boost students learning work on collaborative culture
36
 Resource planning is not adomain of the competency-based standard for
teachers
 School working in isolation from community and industry will work
against improvement of quality education
 Confucius teaching is the study and passing on of tradition
 The ascetic way of life is an influence of Hindu thought
 Essentialism emphasizes the authority of the teachers and the value of
asubject matter curriculum
 ‗inculcating the spirit of empathy among learner fulfil the pillar of
learning , Learning to live together
 Transforming certified skills into personal competence is the concern of
Learning to Do
 The norm in a school culture are centered on the learner
 Developing prejudice for a group is not an element of high morale
environment
 Complying with norms of conduct and possessing technical skills is
hallmark of professionals
 In brainstorming you should avoid selectively involving pupils
 Having a mock presidential election, complete with debates, discussion of
issues and voting, teaches students the decision-making process
 Learning math as applied to situation , such as its being a tool science is
the best way to develop math concepts
 The incorporation of the content materials in language lessons is called
integration approach
 Be preventive in approach is sound classroom management practice
 The collaborative approach includes the major behaviors of listening,
clarifying, presenting, problem-solving and feed backing
 If you want your pupils to master the multiplication table, drill is the
activity
 Peer tutoring is the best activity if you want your better students to
overlearn what they have learned and at the same time help others to
master the lesson
 A roundtable activity can help develop teamwork among students
 Journal writing is most fit if you want to hone your students
metacognitive activities
 To develop reasoning and speaking ability, debate should be use
 To determine your pupils entry knowledge, a pre-test should be employed
 Concept mapping can enhance the development of spatial intelligence
 Reflecting will best work for metacognitive function
 To show cause and effect relationships for picture smart pupils a graphic
organizer will work
 A histogram is a graphic presentation of numerical data
 The Venn Diagram can be used to show comparison
 Computer-assisted instruction is an application of BF Skinner‘s theory on
operant conditioning
 A metacognitive approach makes you think of your thinking
 To encourage introspection, reflective approach is most effective
 For empathy and for value change and development, role playing is best
posters do not appeal to tactile learners
 Grooming is not part of the physical classroom management
 When you ask students to explain why they agree or dis agree with a
statement, you are asking them to evaluate
 When curriculum content is fairly distribute in each area of discipline this
means that the curriculum is balanced
 When the curriculum aims to develop the whole child, the curriculum is
considered child-centered
 Stufflebeams model is not a curriculum model
 Overusing the chalkboard as though it is the only education technology
available violates the principle of variety in the use of technology
 In the preschool class, building blocks and models will greatly help in
developing manual dexterity
 To improve listening an speech skills, audio recording will be most
appropriate
 Individualized instruction is the teaching method which can be best
taught by the use of computers
 When a student is asked to draw conclusion from a group of given data,
synthesis is involved
37
 In Understanding By Design curricular approach, the first consideration is
about the desired results
 Among the curriculum stakeholders, the teachers have the most
responsibility in the curriculum implementation
 Among the curriculum stakeholders, the teachers arrange learning and see
to it that the objectives are attained
 A graphic organizer is a planning tool that helps the reader analyze the
story so that the question during discussion will create a coherent
framework for understanding text
 By giving them reading materials within their level of interest we
encourage students to become readers c
 Authoritative parenting style is most beneficial to the development of the
children
 Word perception is the ability to pronounce word as a meaningful unit
 Literal comprehension means reading the lines, getting information drift,
answering questions on knowledge level
 Clustering can be used as a brainstorming tool to generate and organize
ideas, to summarized main points of a story or article
 Visual display devices come in the form of chalkboards, market boards,
flip charts, bulletin boards and are valuable in emphasizing the major
points of a lesson
 The essence of Problem-Based Instruction presenting students with
authentic situation that can serve as springboards and inquiry
 Corrective control seeks to discipline students behavior before it becomes
a full standard of good conduct
 A test is an instrument designed to measure any quality, ability, skill or
knowledge
 Fair assessment is unbiased and provides students with opportunities to
demonstrate what they have learned
 Restrict the use of essay questions to those learning outcomes that cannot
be satisfactorily measured by objective items
 Use only homogenous materials in a single matching exercise
 Likert scale measures the degree of one‘s agreement or disagreement on
positive or negative statements about objects and people
 Assessed curriculum refers to a tested or evaluated
 Taught curriculum are the different planned activities which are put into
action in the classroom and are implemented in order to arrived at the
objectives purposes of the written curriculum
 Mataphysics is the study of what is beyond the natural
 For teachers, the most laudable motive for participation in professional
development program is continuing professional development
 Training job mismatch is given focus by research studies which show low
rate of work and absorption among technical/vocational graduates
 Of the following interventions, school networking with business and
industry is directly aimed at responding to the transitional gap between
academic achievement and employment
 Student feedback is client-based and is most directly helpful in
introducing changes in reforms in school services
 Existentialism philosophy is close to the teacher who allows her students
to learn at their own pace
 Students must be taught self-responsibility is the desire of the existentialist
teacher
 Encouraging students to interact and develop social virtues characterizes
the teacher with a progressive view of teaching
 Behaviorism is seen if the teacher sees to that her classroom is clean and
orderly so her pupil will less likely disarrange seats and litter on the floor
 Revenge-seeking happens when students seek to hurt others to make up
being hurt or rejected
 Ridiculing is a form of emotional bullying that should be prevented
 Discrimination is being shown by a teacher who ignores slow-learners and
takes pride in the work of fast learners.
 The pattern of class discipline should be established early in the first week
of classes
 Work, organization, procedures, characterizes the academic approach to
classroom management
 The cooperative classroom climate is least threatening
 The best antidote that can anticipate unruly students who do not have
interest in the lesson and their being part of class activities is introducing
engaging activities such as role playing
38
 The most effective way to deal with non-participating students who do
not have interest in the lessons and their being part of class activities is
introducing engaging activities such as role playing
 The guideline that should govern inflicting punishment is abiding by the
school‘s rules on punishment
 If threat or punishment is necessary on erring students this should be
done by making a warning before the threat
 Parents-teacher conference is most comprehensive and lasting in
responding to severe misbehavior of the students
 Consultation and dialogue characterized a democratic classroom
 If a teacher never drops a topic before its completed he is avoiding
dangling topics
 Truncation is when teacher ends an activity abruptly
 Lesson content is not cover of classroom routine
 The PPPF principle means Prepare yourself, Prepare your student, Present
materials and Follow-up objectives
 Student interest is considered a Green Flag
 Sex jokes are inappropriate for diffusing tension in the classroom the pre-
schoolers need utmost level of friendly and non-threatening learning
environment
 Standard yet adequate should be followed on SPED classroom
 Integration is the term for the process of applying theories to effective
teaching
 In a Problem based learning group, the team member take notes, join
discussion and review materials
 Team project making exemplies collaborating learning
 The final behavior the teacher should apply in order to ensure the
collaborative learning cycle in her classes is feed backing
 Under the ―learning to do‖ pillar, competence must be acquired so that a
person can perform his work effectively
 Before being able to fully learn to live and work together under the pillar
of the 21st century education, the learner must find peace
 The learner can begin finding inner peace in him to take the path of living
and working together in the 21st century world
 Climate change is a global condition that urges the school to provide about
the environment
 Taking pleasure on helping others displays ones care for the welfare of
others
 Pharisaical moral certitude is seen if a person goes to church confession
every day to be washed of all sins
 The principle of double effect applies to removal of life sustaining
machines from comatose patients whom doctors believe can no longer be
medically saved
 Split personality is the cultural trait of conflicting values that aim to
people in different venues and situations rather than to abide by principles
 Holier than thou attitude is observed when one thinks she is best among
peers, while others are below to her stature
 High dependence on authority is generally blamed for the failure of
independent study among Filipino students
 Of goals of education, citizenship relates to the strengthening of our
society‘s sense of belonging and identity
 The best way parent can support the learning development pf their
children is showing interest and assistance in class assignment
 The need to conform the national standards greatly influenced the
introduction of k-12 to reform in basic education
 The essential characteristic of the new Performance Appraisal System for
Teachers (PAST) is competency-based
 The end focus of Outcome-Based education is result
 The apportioned time for program activities is called allocated time
 Mainstreaming is a strategy which allows special children to join classes
with regular students
 Mean is known as the RITHMETIC AVERAGE
 Median is the middlemost number after arranging the scores in the
distribution in an ascending or descending order
 Low standard deviation is characterized by homogeneity
 High standard deviation is characterized by scores far away from the
mean
 The difference between the highest and the lowest score is called range
 The percentile divides the scores or population in 100
 The cognitive domain the cognitive domain in involved in having students
clarify information from conclusion is analysis
39
 The major that makes the American education system superior to Hispanic
education system in the Philippines is universal basic education
 The most useful on assessing the capacity of the schools to respond to the
education for all policy for education is cohort survival rate
 For Erikson, the practical child is not able to feel sensory experience
during the mistrust stage of early childhood
 The source information from the computer which can be used for a
presentation is database
 An effective introducing concepts textually and visually before a whole
class or a big audience is powerpoint presentation
 The right thing to do for the student who display attention-seeking
behavior is immediate cognizance of good behavior display
 Noypi is an Existentialism teacher. He made efforts to make connections
between new information of EDA peaceful revolution with past lessons on
the Philippine Hispanic revolution. The learning theory of cognitivist is
called integration
 A lecture that follows a planned sequence without diverting to other
topics is characterized by continuity
 The action of staying away from school without good reason or
absenteeism is called tuancy
 Individual professional development plan enable each employee to
analyze individual development needs, set specific annual goals and
target opportunities to meet these identified goals
 The effort of four agencies (DepEd, CHED, PRC, cSC)can be best achieved
for training and development of teachers is coordination and
synchronization
 Concentration is not mentioned as needed to that individual learner in the
21st century can learn how to learn
 In a tertiary school the President organized a fun Run for students, faculty
and personnel camaraderie, physical exertion under the sun, sense of
engagement and achievement. This activity promote spiritual vigor
 The most functional intervention in order to achieve a basic right of every
Filipino Child under the constitution and Magna Carta for disabled
persons is home study program
 In the formal education system during Hispanic times in the Philippines,
public education was not implemented but which we enjoyed during
American period
 To process and select information belong to the more sophisticated
learning-to-learn skills for the individual learner
 Acquisition of new knowledge is not an advance process of metacognition
among learners
 Research studies showed that the children in slums generally have lower
reading achievement than children in urban schools. The factor shown to
affect reading achievement is socio-economic status
 Of cluster of meaningful activities, peer tutoring does not belong to spatial
learning activities
 P80 score means that the students scored better than 80 percent of the class
 P70 score means that the students scored better than 70 percent of the
class
 Quartile is the median of four quartiles
 P50 is the median of all percentiles
 Stanines divides the score/population into 9 groups
 A high difficulty index means that an item is very easy
 0.92 difficulty index means that a test item is very easy
 A perfect score (1)difficulty index means that all students got the correct
answers
 A negative discrimination index means that more from bottom group
answered the question correctly
 A positively discrimination index means that more from the upper group
answered the teast item
 A norm-referenced testing depends on the scores of the group
 A criterion-referenced testing depends on pre-determined criteria
 A leptokurtic distributions means that all scores are clustered in the
middle
 A bell-shaped distribution called normal distribution
 If a distribution is skewed t the right implies that the score are low
 A positively skewed distribution means that the scores are poor
 A negatively skewed distribution means that more students performed
better
 If a distribution is skewedto the left, this implies that the scores are high
40
 Answering a multiple-choice exam is an example of open-and-paper
assessment
 An example of formative assessment is a quiz
 A diagnostic test measures a student‘s strengths and weaknesses
 A summative test is done at the conclusion of the instruction
 Essay is a type of test construction is that when using numbers as options,
arrange them in descending order
 One incorrect practice in test construction is that when using numbers as
options, arrange them in descending
 Under the new version of Bloom‘s taxonomy of cognitive process,
generating belongs to the top level
 The lowest level under the new version of Bloom‘s taxonomy is creating
 The basic form of cognitive process according to Bloom‘s is knowledge
 Convergent thinking is a thinking strategy that refers to the narrowing
ideas from big concept to smaller ones
 A holistic rubric in scoring utilizes a single criterion
 Withitness means that the teacher knows everything that happens around
the four corners of the classroom
 When the teacher jumps from one topic to another without assessing if the
students are ready to absorb the instructions, this practice depicts thrust
 When teacher is able to perform multiple, different activities at the same
time, this shows overlapping
 Surprise quiz is aform of punishment that is likely least to affect students
negatively
 The correct sequence in making lesson plan is objectives, subject matter,
learning activities, evaluation and assignment
 Inductive reasoning is described as arriving to main idea from smaller
topics
 Deductive reasoning is described as arriving smaller topics from general
topics
 An example of intrinsic motivation is community service
 If the students want to feel connected that means that they have attention-
seeking behavior
 RA7836 Is a law that prescribed licensure examinations for teachers and
will strengthens the regulation of the practice in Philippines
 RA 10533 is known as the Enhance basic education curriculum act of 2013
(k-12)
 A para-teacher is a someone who did not pass the let but garnered a score
of 70 and above
 The periodic merit exam consist of both oral and written
 The periodic merit exam can be used as basis for promotion
 If a teacher wishes to enjoy study leave, she will get 60 percent of her
salary while on leave
 Education should receive the highest budgetary allocation according to
the Philippine Constitution
 Free choice is more likely related to existentialism
 Progressivism involves the concept of ―striking while the iron is hot‖
 The focus of education during the commonwealth period is nationalism
 The focus of education during the Pre-hispanic times is survival
 Spreading catholicism is the main focus of education during the Spanish
period
 The focus of Spartan education is military training
 The focus of Athenian education is knowledge and beauty
 Principle of hedonism involves putting ―pleasure‖ as the priority
 It is not acceptable for teachers to accept gifts from the parents or students
in any circumstances
 The teacher must evaluate students work based on merit and quality of
performance
 Falling in love to a student is tolerated with utmost professional discretion
 The magna carta for Public School teachers does not include teachers from
tertiary education and state universities and colleges
 A scrupulous conscience makes the person see that he sins but actually he
does not
 K-12 curriculum is an example of spiral progression
 The closest to the real thing is performing real-life task
 Doing helps the learner retains information best
 A globe is an example of a model
 It is not advisable to use realia all the time, only when it is feasible
 ―Once a teacher, forever a student‖ emphasizes lifelong learning
 Enactive representation are action-based according to Jerome Brunner
41
 A Venn diagram is most likely to be used when discussing the similarities
and differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
 The learning to do pillar focuses on the competence of a certain individual
on a particular skill
 Learning from a Chinese how to use chopsticks properly is an example of
acculturation
 ―Pakikisama Mentality‖ is concerned as both negative and positive
Filipino trait
 The ability of a child to realize that 1 liter of bottled water has the same
quantity even if the water will be placed on a plastic pitcher or pale is
called conservation
 Lawrence Kohlberg focuses more on morality
 Electra Complex is known as agirls psychosexual competitions with her
mother for the possession of her father
 The part of human personality in which instinct and primary process
manifest id
 physiologic need shall receive the highest priority according to Abraham
Maslow‖s hierarchy of needs
 in Grace Goodell‘s reading skills ladder , ―the basic sight words‖ takes
precedence
 language acquisition device assumes the people are born with innate
ability to acquire language
 interactive model show reading as an active process that depends on
reader characteristic, the text, and the reading situation
 A child who has spatial intelligence will most likely enjoy solving puzzles
 The proponent of respondent conditioning is Ivan Pavlov
 If a teacher shows the student how a dance should be performed, this
demonstrates Bandura‘s work in teaching
 In Thorndike‘s law of affect states that if the end result will be beneficial to
the student, he/she will probably perform well
 ZPD is a concept popularized by Vygotsky
 Before the advent of technology and universal acceptance of diversity in
the classroom, the paradigm of classroom management is one-way
interaction flow
 The focus ofK-12 Senior High School Program is Technical Vocational
training
 The competency developed through electrical Repair subject in vocational
schools is mechanical construction
 Values Education is an education program which is relevant to promote
change in behavioral patterns
 The course program needs to be developed in order to each sustainable
development to counter the abuse of Mother Earth that is happening in
many parts of the world today is environmental education
 The field of education that manages children with behave problems like
attention-deficit disorders is special education
 In essence, the new Performance Appraisal System for Teachers (PAST) is
competency based
 In outcomes-based education, procedures is not considered as an outcome
 The guiding principle that a teacher follows for lesson preparation when
he covers the essential subject content, while treating them sufficiently or
in-depth is balance
 The kind of quality content that a teacher follows if he made certain hia
lesson content can be useful to his student is utility
 The basic psychological principle in multicultural instruction is individual
differences
 Special education is a thrust that meets the needs of gifted children
 One-fits-all curriculum does not contribute in advancing the special
education program
 School space and landscape is covered by the science of Ergonomics
 The most effective way to advance oral proficiency in student is engaging
in conversational activities
 An example of a book or writing intended for moral knowledge of the
very young readers is Jack and Beabstalk
 The reading style introduced by a teacher who asked her student to make
prediction from the reading materials is top-down
 Structural analysis is known as learning a new word by studying its root
and affixes
 The kind of definition of keywords that a teacher requires his students in
making their research papers is operational
 Accepting knowledge is not among the ways to advance metacognition
 Perceiving does not belong to the metacognitive reading activities
42
 Learning influenced by social interaction and interpersonal relations. The
teacher must take students work collaboratively
 Drawing and coloring best relate to the child visual learning and
development
 For bodily-kinesthetic learners, the activity that will appeal and be
appreciate when assigned to them is calisthenics
 Drawing and sketching are manifestation among students that show they
are high spatial intelligence
 Wigins and Mctighecite application to solve problem as aproof of student
understanding principles of learning
 Rote memory has the least importance in purposive and effective learning
 Teacher‘s annual performance rating is the dependent variable is apt for
the hypothesis ‖the more the teacher knows the subject matter, the better
she can teach it‖
 The meaning of a negative correlation between amount of practice and
number of error in tennis is that as the amount of practice increases, the
number of errors decreases
 Knowledge is the foundation of all cognitive objectives that paves the way
for higher thinking skills
 In his History class, the teacher uses a current events IQ contest to
determine champions in identifying people, places, and events knowledge
or recall is the learning objective/outcome that he aims to achieved
 Application is the kind of learning involved when the teacher requires
students to bring into use, employ, exercise, implement, practices, and use
some principles, concepts or items
 Analysis is the cognitive ability to break and consider concepts through
components part
 The primary advantage of active learning techniques (discussion, role
play, gaming, etc) in instruction is student engagement
 Among thinking skills in learning, divergent thinking includes fluent,
flexible, original, and elaborate thinking
 A test is an instrument designed to measure any characteristic, Ability or
knowledge
 evaluation is a process of systematic collection and analysis of both
qualitative and quantitative data into an interpretable form to have a basis
for judgment or decision-making
 Measurement is a process of quantifying the degree to which someone or
something possess a given trait
 A traditional mode of assessment is a pen and paper mode of assessing
any quality, skill, or knowledge
 One advantage of traditional of traditional assessment is that scoring is
objectives
 Performance-based form of assessment requires the students to perform a
significant and relevant task
 Portfolio is defined as dynamically and collaboratively gathers multiple
indicators of student progress to support course goals
 A summative test is done after instruction
 A rubric is a measuring instrument used in rating performance based
tasks.it is a cross between a checklist and rating scale
 A checklist contains characteristic of a desirable performance
 Rating scales measures degree to which a trait was achieved
 Holistic rubric describes the overall quality of performance or produce
 One advantage of holistic rubric is allows fast assessment
 Analytic rubric describes the quality of performance or product I terms of
the identified dimensions and/or criteria which are rated independently
to give a better picture of the quality of work or performance
 An objective test eliminates bias
 A subjective test, interpretation is based on comparison of students
 IN NORM-REFERENCED, interpretation is based on comparison of
students
 Norm-referenced test describes performance-based on other‘s
performance
 In criterion-referenced test, all or none may passed
 Criterion-referenced test describe student‘s mastery of objectives
 Validity is the degree to which the test measures what is intended to
measure
 Reliability is the consistency of scores obtained when retested with the
same instrument or a parallel
 Measures of central location are any measures indicating the center of a set
of data, arranged in an increasing or decreasing magnitude
 Measures of variability assess how large the differences between
individual scores are
43
 Quartiles divide the set into 4 groups
 T-score tells the location of a score in a normal distribution having a mean
of 50 and a standard deviation of 10
 A platykurtic distribution is flatter than a normal distribution
 Myelination is the process by which nervous system become coated with
an insulating substance called myelin
 Children motor development is dependent on physical maturation
specifically neuromuscular and musculoskeletal development
 Exosystem includes those setting in which the child usually does not have
an active role as a participant but that influence the child indirectly
through their effect on the microsystem
 Macrosystem includes the ideologies, values, attitudes, more and customs
of a particular culture
 Cohabiting family consist of two people of the opposite sex who live
together, with or without children and who share sexual expression and
commitment to their relationship without formal legal marriage
 Autosociality is a stage of psychological development during the first year
or so life, during which infants interest, pleasures and satisfaction are
themselves
 Homo sociality is a stage during which the children prefer to play with
others of the same sex
 In an onlooker play, the children watch others and are talking to them but
is not involved
 Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth
 Attachment means the feeling that binds a parent and child together, the
emotional link between them and the desire to maintain contact through
physical closeness, touching, looking, smiling, listening or talking
 NCBTS stands for National Competency Based Teacher Standards
 One description of a teacher that is included in the preamble of the code of
ethics for Professional Teachers is that they are person of dignity and
reputation
 Among cognitive level of thinking, inferring is stressed by the essay
question: ―In the lights of the facts presented, what is the most likely to
happen when…?‖
 In his speech class, teacher Rod uses poetry dramatic reading by students,
using movements(gestures, facial expressions, creative movements etc).
 The learning objective or outcome he is looking for an non-discoursive
communication
 Under the affective domain of learning, responding includes active
attention to stimuli such as acquiescence, willingness to answer and
feelings of satisfaction
 On motivational assessment, the noblest motive for entering a profession
like teaching is for enhancing learning
 In order for assessment to have clarity of learning targets, outcomes must
be stated in behavioral terms so that this can be measured, an example is
to improve the speed of reading competence
 The most conducive on authentic assessment is the real world application
 The least authentic mode of student performance assessment is paper-
pencil vocabulary test
 Vocabulary meaning is commonly assessed by paper-pencil test
 Sight music reading may not be well assessed by paper-pencil tests
 The why performance is given the largest weight in TLE and MAPEH is
because they are dominantly physical skill project
 The best way to assess a class presentation( song, dance, drama) is rubrics
 A scoring guide that list the criteria and their levels of quality on which
evaluation will be focused is rubric
 Using rubrics to asses power point presentation of students, content value
is the most significant as it is the essence of presentation
 Portfolio is an alternative assessment tool that consist of a collection of
work artifacts or in progress accomplishment by a targeted clientele
 Rating scale is what a teacher employs if he prepares list of behaviors for
rating performance in the use of microscope
 At the beginning of the school year, journal and the submitted portfolio
are project that ca best determine student-mastery of the previous year‘s
subject matter prior to introducing new subject matter
 A teacher who gave a 10-item test to find out specific concepts in which
the students are encouraging difficulty shows a diagnostic assessment
 Formative assessment helps teacher determine gaps in learning a subject
matter
 Among standardized test, diagnostic test reveal strengths and weaknesses
for purposes of placement and formulating an appropriate instructional
program
44
 Preferred level of specific skills is determined by a criterion-referenced test
 Normative marking is based on student achievement relative to other
students
 Test should be non-threatening but surprise quiz actually threatens the
students
 Saying ―it is better to make useless mistakes than not to complete the test‖
is least assuring from the teacher to provide proper expectations from test
 Objective scoring is observed when exams are machine scored
 Ambiguity is seen in test that are confusing and are subject to
understanding, especially to poorer students
 Teacher Rica could not get it right, as her test are either too easy or too
difficult. What‘s wrong in this situation is the inappropriate level of test
difficulty
 For easier correction of his test, the teacher prepared the True or False
items in alternating 1,3,5,7,, etc. True, and 2,4,6, etc. False. What‘s wrong
with test in terms usability is identifiable pattern of answers
 What is wrong with the test item that give clues to answer to questions is
poor construction
 In using Essay questions, bluffing is susceptible to these tests, such as to
make the, less reliable measure broad knowledge of the subject matter
 Of the following, literary and grammatical is not a characteristic of the
response journal that reflect observation of the students, such as on a
reading material or afield visit
 The teacher would like to cover a wide variety of objectives in the
quarterly examinations in her English class lesson on subject-verb
agreement. Multiple choice test is the most appropriate to use
 In interpreting assessment results, reliability is described when the results
are consistent
APPENDIX A
Republic Act 7836
December 16, 1994
Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
OF THE PRACTICE
OF TEACHING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND PRESCRIBING A
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
FOR TEACHERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
SECTION. 1. Short Title.--- This act shall be known as the ― Philippine
Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994.
Sec.2. Statement of Policy.--- The state recognizes the vital role of teachers
in Nation-building and development through a responsible and literature
citizenry. Towards this end, the State shall ensure and promote quality
education by proper supervision and regulation of the licensure
examination and professionalization of the practice of the teaching
profession.
Sec.3. Objectives.--- This Act has the herein objectives:
(a) The promotion, development and professionalization of teachers
and the teaching profession; and
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure examination
Sec.4. Definition of Terms.--- For Purposes of this Act, the following terms
shall mean:
(a) ―Teaching‖--- refers to the profession concerned primarily with
classroom instruction, at the elementary and secondary levels in a
accordance with the Curriculum prescribed by the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports, whether on part-time or full-time basis in
the private or public schools
(b) ―Teachers‖---refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the
elementary and secondary levels, whether on full-time or part-time basis,
including industrial arts or vocational teachers and aal other persons
performing supervisory and/or administrative functions in all schools in
the aforesaid levels and qualified to practice teaching under this Act.
(c) ―Board‖ ---refers to the Board of Professional Teachers duly
established and and constituted under this Act.
(d) ―Commission‖--- refers to the Professional Regulation Commission
45
ARTICLE II BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Sec.5. Creation of the Board.—There is hereby created under this Act a
Board for Professional Teachers, here in after called the Board, a collegial
body under the general supervision and administrative control of the
Professional Regulation Commission, here in after referred to as the
Commission, composed of five (5) members who shall be appointed by the
President of the Philippines from among the recommendees chosen by the
Commission. The recommendees shall be chosen from the list of nominees
selected by the accredited association of teachers, who duly possess all the
qualifications prescribed in section 8 of this Act.
The Chairman and the voice-chairman of the Board shall be appointed
from these five (5) members by the President: Provided, that the members
of the first board appointed under this Act shall be automatically
registered as professional Teachers and issued with the certificateof
registration and professional license upon payment of the fees for
examination, registration, and other fees prescribed by the Commission;
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board.—The Board shall have the
following duties and functions.
(a) Promulgate, administer and enforce rules and regulations necessary
for carrying out the provisions of this Act in accordance with the charter of
theProfessional Regulation Commision;
(b) Determine and fix the frequency, dates,and places of examination,
Appoint supervisors,proctors, and other personnel as needed who shall be
entitled to a daily allowance to be fixed by the Board for every
examination day actually attended, use buildings and facilities of public or
private schools for examination purposes;
(c) Issue, suspend, or revoke the certificate of registration for the
practice of the teaching profession
(d) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as it may deem
proper;
 (e) Prescribe and/or adopt a code of ethical and professional
standards for the practice of the teaching profession. Such ethical
standards, rules and regulations to take effect sixty (60) days after its
publication in the Official Gazette or in any newspaper of general
circulation;
(f) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act;
(g) Supervice and regulate the registration, liensure and practice of
Professional teachers in the Philipines;
(h) Adopt an official seal of the Board;
(i) Look into conditions affecting the practice of the teaching
profession and whenever necessary, adopt such measures as may be
deemed proper for the enchancement and maintenance of high
professional and ethical standards of the profession;
(j) Ensure that all educational institutions offering elementary and
secondary education comply with the essential requirements for curricula,
faculty and facilities for the elementary and secondary levels;
(k) Investigate such violations of this Act, the rules and code of ethical
and professional standards for professional teachers as it may come to the
knowledge of the Board, and for this purpose, to issue subpoena and
subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearance of witnesses and the
production of documents in connection therewith; and
(I) discharge such other powers, duties and functions as the Board
may deem necessary for te practice of he teaching profession and the
upgrading , enchancement, development and growth of educaton in the
Philipines.
Sec. 7. Term of Office.- The members of the Board shall hold office for a
Term of three (3) years from the date they assume office: Provided, That
the first appointees to the Board under this Act shall hold office according
to the following terms: one (1) member shall serve for one (1) year; one (1)
member for two (2) years; the chairman, and one (1) member for three (3)
years. Vacancies shall be served for theunexpired term only.
46
No person who has served for two (2) consecutive terms shallbe eligible
for reappointment to fill an an expired erm shall be considered an
appointment to a complete term.
The chairman or any member shal take his oath of office prior to the
performance of his duties.
Sec. 8. Qualified of Board Members.—Each board member must at the
time of his appointment:
(a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
(b) Be at least thirty-five (35) years of age, of proven integrity,and
possessed of high moral value in his personal as well as professional
conduct and has not been convicted of any offense involving moral
turpitude;
(c) Be a holder of a degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in
Education and preferably a holder of a master‘s or doctorate degree in
education ,or their equivalents,from a university, school, collage.academy
or institute duly constituted, recognized and/or accredited by the
Philippine government;
(d) Be a professional tacher with a valid certificate of registration and
valid professiona license, save those members who shall compose the first
Board for Professional Teachers;
(e) Has been a professional teacher in the active practice of the teaching
profession for at least ten (10) years in the elementary and secondary
level;and
(f) Not be an official or member of the faculty of, nor have pecuniary
interest in any university, College, school,or institution conferring a
bachelor‘s degree in education or its equivalent fo atleast three (3) years
prior to his appointment , and neither connected with a review center or
with any group or association where review classes or lectures in
preparation for the licensure examination are offered or conducted.
Provided, however, that, the membership to the Board shall be evenly
distributed
To cover all levels of education, including equitable representation of the
different fields of specialization.
Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board—The Chairman, vice-chairman, and
members of the Board shall receive compensation comparable to the
compensation received by existing Regulatory boards under the
Professional Regulation Commission, computed of the basis of the number
of examinees/candidates.
Sec.10 Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its Records.—The Board
shall be under the Supervision and control of the Commission. All records,
including applications for examination ,
Examination papers and results, minutes of Deliberation, administrative
cases and investigate cases and investigations involving professional
teachers shall be kept by the Commission
Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services.---The Professonal Regulation
Commission, through its chairman, shall provide the secretariat and other
support services to implement effectively the provisions of this Act.
Sec.12. Removal of a Board Member.—The Chairman or any member of
the Board may be removed by the Philippines upon recommendations of
the Commision for neglect of duty, incompetence, unprofessional,
unethical, immoral or dishonorable conduct, commission or teloration of
irregularities in the examination, after having been given the opportunity
to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation. In the Course
of investigation, the President may preventively suspend the respondent.
ARTICLE III EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and Licence Riquired- except asa
otherwise specificially allowed under the provision of this act,all
47
applicants or registration as professional teachers shall be required to
undergo a written examination which shall be given at least once a year
In such places and dates as the te abroad may determine upon approval
by the commission.
A valid certificate of registration and a valid professional licence for the
commission are required before any person is allowed to practice as a
professional teacher in the Philippines, except as otherwise allowed under
this act.
Sec.14 Scope of Examination-the xamination for the elementary and
secondary school teachers shall be separate. The examination for teachers
in elementary level shall consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional
education and general education.The examination for teachers in the
secondary level shall consist of three (3) parts, namely: professional
education, general education, and field of specialization.
Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applcants --- No applicant shall be
admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the
application, he shall have complied with the following requirements;
(a) A citizen of the Philipines or an alien whose country has reciprocity
with the Philipines in the practice of the teaching profession ;
(b) At least eighteen (18) years of age;
(c) In good health and of good reputation with high moral values;
(d) Has not been convicted by final judgement by a court for an offence
involving moral turpitude;
(e) A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the
government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as
follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a Bachelor‘s degree in early childhood
Education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the Elementary grades, a bachelor‘s degree in
Elementary Education (BSEED) or its equivalent;
 (3) For teachers in the Secondary grades, a bachelor‘s degree in
education or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor‘s degree
in arts and Sciences with at least ten (10) units in professional education;
and
(4) For Teacher‘s of vocational and two-year technical courses, a
Bachelor‘s Degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at
least eighteen (18) units in professional education
Sec.16. Report of the Results of the Examination.--- The Board shall, within
One hundred twenty (120) days after the examination, report the ratings
Obatained by each candidate to the Professional regulation Commission
for approval and appropriate action.
Sec.17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional License.—
The Registration of a Professional teacher commences from the date his
name is enrolled in the roster of professional teachers. Every registrant
who has satisfactorily met all the Requirements specified in this Act shall,
upon payment of the registration fee, be issued certificate of registration as
a professional teacher bearing the full name of the registrant with serial
number and date of issuance signed by the chairman of the Commission
and the Chairman, Vice-chairman and the members of board stamped
with the official seal, as evidence that the person named therein is entitled
to practice the profession with all the right and priviledges Appurtenant
thereto. The Certificate shall remain in full and effect until with drawn,
suspended and/or revoked in accordance with law.
Professional licence signed by the chairman of the Commission and
Bearing the Registration number and date of issuance thereof and the
month of expiring or renewability shall likewise the issued to every
Registrant who has paid the annual Registration fees for three (3)
consecutive years. This licence shall reserve as evidence that the licence
can lawfully practice his Profession until the expiration of its validity.
Sec.18. Oath before practice---Ever Registrant shall be required to take his
48
Professional Oath before practicing as a professional teacher.
Sec.19. Period merit examination of teacher---To encourage continuing
professional growth and development angd to provide additional basis for
merit promotion, In addition to there performance rating, teacher may
take an oral and written examination atleast once in five (5) years as basis
for merit promotion.In taking this examination, no fee shall be required.
Sec.20. Failure to pass the merit examination--- If the teacher fails to pass
the merit examination, he or she shall be alone to take the examination for
a second time should he or she fail to pass the merit examination for a
second time, then he or she shall be required to take a DECS. Accredited
refresion course or program before being allowed to retake the
examination. Failure of any permanent teacher to pass the merit
examination shall not, however, be used as a ground for his/her dismissal
or demotion.
Sec. 21. Incentive.--- Teachers who pass the merit examination shall:
(a) Be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board;
(b) Earn merit points for purposes of promotion in salary r to a higher
position orgrade level;
(c) Be placed in the priority list for government scholarship; and
(d) Enjoy such other benefits as may be promulgated by the Board.
Similar incentives shall be given to teachers who makes inventions,
develop new methods of teaching, write a book or books and create works
of artistic merit
Sec. 22. Integration of teaching Profession.---The teaching Profession shall
be integrated into one national organization which shall be recognized by
the Board and the Commission as the one and only integrated and
accredited Association of Professional Teachers. Upon registration with
the Board, every professional teacher shall be encouraged to become a
member of the integrated organization. Those who have been registered
with the Board
But are not members of the said integrated organization shall be allowed
to register as members of the said integrated organization within three (3)
years after the efectivity of this act. Membership in the integrated
organization shall not be a bar o membership in other associations of the
teaching profession. The professional teachers shall receive the benefits
and privileges appurtenant to their membership in the said integrated and
accredited organization of professional teachers only upon payment of the
required membership fees and dues.
Sec.23. Revocation of the Certificate of Registration, Suspention from the
Practice of the Teaching Profession, and Cancellation of Temporary or
Special Permit.---
The Board shall have the power, after due notice and hearing, to suspend
or revoke the certificate of registration of any Registrant, to reprimand or
to cancel the temporary/Special permit of a holder thereof who is exempt
from registration , for any of the following causes.
(a) Conviction for any Criminal offense by a court of competent
jurisdiction
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable conduct;
(c) Declaration by a court of competent jurisdiction for being mentally
unsound or insane;
(d) Malpractice,gross incompetence, gross negligence or serios ignorance
of the practice of the teaching profession.
(e) The use of or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a
certificate of registration, professional licence or special / temporary
permit;
(f) Chronic inebriety or habitual use of drugs;
(g) Violation of any of the proviyions of this Act, the rules of regulations
and other policies of the Board and the Commission, and the code of
ethicaland professional standards for professional teachers; and
(h) Unjustified or willful failure to attend seminars , workshops,
conference and the like or the continuing education program prescribed
49
by the Board and the commission.
The decision of the Board to revoke or suspend a certificate may be
appealed to the regional trial court of the place where the Board holds
office within fifteen (15) days from receipt of the said decision or of the
denial of the motion for reconsideration filed in due time.
Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity.--- no teacher of the foreign nationality
shall be admitted to the examination, or be given a certificate of
registration or be entitled to any of the rights and priveleges provided
under this act; unless the country or state of which he is a subject permits
Filipino professional teachers to practice within its territorial limits on the
same basis as subjects or citezens of said country or state: Provided, that
the requirements of certification of teachers with said foreign state or
country are substantially the same as those required and contemplated
under this Act: Provided, further, That the laws of such state or country
grant the same privilege to Filipino professional teachers on the same
basis as the subject of the citizens of such foreign country or state.
Sec.25. Roster of Professional Teachers.- A rosterof professional teachers
containing the names and addresses of professional teahers, date of
registration or issuance of certificate, and other data which in the opinion
of the Board may appear pertinent shall be maintained. Copies of the
roaster shall be provided by the Commission to the Board, the department
of Education, Culture and Sports, and the intergrated and accredited
organization pf professional teachers.
Sec.26. Registration and Exception.- Two(2) years after the effectivity of
this Act, no person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional
teacher as defined I this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or
secondary level, unless he is a duly registered professional teacher,and a
holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license
or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit
Upon aapproval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the
Certificate of registration and professional license as a professional teacher
Shall be issued without examination as required in this Act to a qualified
Applicant, who at the time of the approval of this Act, is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil
Service Commission and the department of Education, Culture and Sports;
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for
Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS)
pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1006; or
(c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any of the
Following qualifications. To wit:
(1) An elementary or secondary teacher for five (5) years in good
standing and a holder of Bachelor of Science in Education or its
equivalent; or
(2) An elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) years in good
standing and a holder of a master‘s degree in education or its equivalent.
Provided, that they shall be given two (2) years from the organization of
the Board of Professional teachers within which to register and be
included in the roster of professional teachers: Provided, further, that
those incumbent Teachers whon are not qualified to register without
examination under this act or who, albeit qualified, were unable to register
within the two-year period shall be issued a five-year temporary or special
permit from the time the Board is organized within which to register after
passing the examination and complying with the requirements provided
this Act and be included in the roster of professional teachers: Provided,
furthermore, that those who have failed the licensure examination for
professional teachers shal be eligible as para-teachers and as such, shall be
issued by the Board a special or temporary permit, and shall be assigned
by the Department of Education,
50
Culture and Sports (DECS) to schools as it may determine under the
circumstances.
ARTICLE IV PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE
TEACHING PROFESSION
Sec. 27. Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching Profession.—
Except as otherwise allowed under this Act, no person shall practice or
offer to practice the teaching profession in the Philippines or be appointed
as teacher to any position calling for a teaching position without having
previously obtained a valid certificate of registration and a valid
professional licinse from the Commission.
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions.- The following shall be punishable by a fine of
Not less than five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) nor more than Twenty
Thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment of nor less than six (6)
Months nor more than five (5) years , or both, at the discresion of the
Court:
(a) Any person who practices the teaching profession in the philipines
without being certified in accordance with the provisions of this Act;
(b) Any person who represents or attempts to use as his own certificate
of registration that of another;
(c) Any person who gives any false ,or fraudulent evidence of any kind
To the Board or any member thereof in obtaining a certificate of
registration as Teacher;
(d)Any person who impersonates any registrant of the same or diffirent
Name;
(e)Any person who uses a revoked or suspended certificate of
rigestration
(f)Any person who in conection with his name, otherwise assumes, uses
Or advertises any title or description tending to convey or conveys the
Impression that he is a teacher without holding a valid certificate; and
(g) Any person who violates or who abets the violation of any of the
Provisions of this Act. The penalty of fine or imprisonment or both, as Sec.32.Separability clause .-IF,For any reason, any section or provision of
provided in this section, shall also apply to any school official who shall This Act or the application of such section or provision to any person or
cause or be responsible for the commission of any of the above- Circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or
enumerated acts. provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.

SEC.29. Appropriations.---Such sums as may be necessary to carry out the Sec.33.Repealing Clause.---All laws,presidential decrees, executive
Provisions of this Act shall be included in the 1996 General orders, rules and regulation or parts thereof inconsistent with the
Appropriations Act and thereafter. provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Sec.30. Implementing Guidelines.--- The Board shall formulate and adopt Sec.34. Effectivity Clause.---This Act shall tke effect after fifteen (15) days
the necessary guidelines for the effective implementation of the provisions Following its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in two (2)
of this Act within sixty (60) days of its approval. Newspaper of general circulation.

The board shall submit to both Committees on Education, Arts, and Signed :December 16, 1994
Culture; and the Committees on Civil Service and Professional Regulation
of the Senate and House of Representatives, copies of te implementing APPENDIXES B
rules and guidelines within thirty (30) days ater is promulgation

Any violation of this section shall render the official/s concerned liable REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9293
under Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the ―Code of Conduct AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED
and Ethical Standards for Public Offficials and Employees‖ and other SEVENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX (R.A.NO. 7836),
pertinent Administrative and/or penal laws. OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ―PHILIPPINE TEACHERS
PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF 1994‖
Sec. 31. Transitory Provision.--- All incumbent teachers in both the Public
And private sector not otherwise certified as professional teachers by Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
virtue of this Act, shall be given (5) years temporary certificates from the Philippines in Congress assembled:
time the Board for Professional Teachers is organized within which to
qualify as required by this Act and be included in the roster of Section 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836 is hereby amended as
Professionals. Follows:

Provided, however, that the Professional Board Examination for Teachears ―SEC.15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants.---No applicant shall
(PBET) shall still be administered by the Civil Service Comission and the be admitted to take the examination unless, on the date of filing of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports for the year 1995.cralaw Application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:

51
 ―(e) A graduate opf a school, college or university recognized by the
government and possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as
Follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor‘s degree in arly childhood
Education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) for teachers in elementary grades, a bachelor‘s degree in elementary
Education (BSEED) or its equivalent.
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor‘s degree in education
or its equivalent with a major and minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and
Sciences with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a
bachelor‘s Degree in the field of specialization or its equivalent, with at
least eighteen (18) units in professional education. ―
SEC 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
―SEC.26. Registration and Exeption.---No person shall engage in teaching
And/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the
Preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly
Registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of
Registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special
temporary permit.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the
Certificate of registration and professional license as a professional teacher
Shall be issued without examination as a required in this Act to a
Qualified Applicant, who is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil
52
Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and
Sports; Or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers
under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant
to Presidential Decree No. 1006
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past
Five (5) years shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses
Consisting of at least six ( 6) units of pedagogy and six ( 6) units of content
courses of the equivalent training and number of hours , to be chosen
from a list of courses to be provided by the board and the department of
education ,before they can be allowed to practice their profession in the
country
Those who have failed the licencure examination for professional teachers,
With a rating of not lower then five percentage points from the passing
General average rating,shall be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance by
the abroad of a two-year special permit,renewable for a non –extendible
period of two ( 2) years.the para teachers shall be assigned to areas where
There is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher ,as identified and
Provided by the department of education and the Autonomous region for
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the board for
Professional teachers and the commission .the special permit shall indicate
the area of assignment of the para-teacher.
A special permit may also be issued by the board to person who has
excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely
acknowledge expert in his or her respective field of specialization.
Sec.3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
―Sec.31. Transitory Provision.---Special permits, with a validity of three (3)
and five (5) years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Profesional
Teachers before the effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expired based
on the period granted therein: Provided, That only special permits with a
validity of three (3) years may be renewed upon expiration for a non-
extendible period of two (2) years.‖
SEC 4. References to the term ―Department of Education,Culture and
Sports‖, In section 4 (a) and section 25, and the term ―DECS‖ in section
20, of the same Act, are hereby amended to read as ―Department of
Education‖ and―Dep Ed‖, respectively.
SEC 5. Separability Clause.- if, for any reason, section or provision of this
Act or the application of such section or provision to any person or
circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid , no other section or
provision of this Act shall be affected thereby.
SEC 6. Repealing Clause.- All laws , decress, circulars, administrative
orders, rules and regulations, and other ussuances which are inconsistent
with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified
Sec.7. Effectivity.--- this Act shall take effect upon approval.
APPENDIXES C
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4670
June 18, 1966
THE MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
I.DECLARATION OF POLICY COVERAGE
Sec.1. Declaration of policy. It is hereby declared to be the policy of this act
To promote and improve the social and economic status of public school
Teachers, their living and working conditions, their terms of employment
53
And career prospects in order that they may compare favorably with
existing oppurtunities in other walks of life, attract and retain in the
teaching profession more people with the proper qualifications, it being
recognized that advance in education depends on the qualifications and
ability of the teaching staff and that education is an essential factor in the
economic growth of the nation as a productive investment of vital
importance
Sec.2. Title Definition. This Act shall be known as the ―Magna Carta for
Public Scool Teachers‖ and shall apply to all public school teachers exept
those in the professorial staff of state colleges and universities. As used in
this Act, the term ―Teacher‖ shall mean all persons engaged in classroom
teaching, in any level of instruction, on-full-time basis, including Guidanc
Counselors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational instructors, and
all other persons performing supervisory and/or Administrative functions
in all schools, colleges and universities operated by the Government or its
political subdivisions; but shall not include school Nurses, school
physicians, school dentists, and other school employees.
II.RECRUITMENT AND CAREER
Sec.3. Recruitment and Qualifications. Recruitment policy with respect to
The selection an appointment of teachers shall be clearly defined by the
Department of Education: Provided, however, that effective upon the
Approval of this Act, the following shall constitute the minimum
educational qualifications for teacher-applicants:
(a) For Teachers in the Kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor‘s
Degree in Elementary Education (B.S.E.E.D.)
(b) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor‘s degree in Education
or Its equivalent with a major and a minor; or a Bachelor‘s degree in Arts
or Science with atleast eighteen professional units in Education
(c) For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical courses,
Bachelor‘s degree in the field of specialization with atleast eighteen
Professional units in education.
(d) For teacher‘s of courses on the collegiate level, other than vocational,
Master‘s degree with a specific area of specialization; Provided, further,
that in the absence of applicants who possess the Minimum educational
qualifications as hereinabove provided, the school Superintendent may
appoint, under a temporary status, applicants who do not meet the
minimum qualifications: Provided, further, that should Teacher-
applicants, whether they possess the minimum educational qualifications
or not, be required to take competitive examinantions, preference in
making appointments shall be in the order of their respective ranks in said
competitive examinations: And provided, finally, that the results of the
examinations shall be made public and every applicant shall be furnished
with his score and rank in said examinations.
Sec.4. Probationary Period. When recruitment takes place after adequate
Training and professional preparation in any school recognized by the
Government, no probationary period preceding regular appointment
Shall be imposed if the teacher possesses the appropriate civil service
eligibility: Provided, however, that were, due to the exigencies of the
service, it is necessary to employ as teacher a person who possesses the
minimum Educational qualifications herein above set forth but lacks the
appropriate Civil service eligibility, such person shall be appointed on a
probitional status entail undergo a period of probation for not less than
one year from and after the date of his probitional appointment.
Sec.5. Tenure of Office. Stability on employment and security of tenure
shall be assured the teachers as provided under existing law. Subject to the
provision of section three hereof, teachers appointed on a Probitional
status for lack of necessary civil service eligibility shall be Extended
permanent appointment for the position he is holding after having
54
rendered atleast ten years of continuous, efficient and faithful service in
such position.
Sec.6. Consent for Transportation Expenses. Except for cause and as
herein otherwise provided, no teacher shall be transferred without his
consent from one station to another. Where the exigencies of the service
require the transfer of a teacher from one station to another, such transfer
may be effected by the school Superintended who shall previously notify
the teacher concerned of the transfer and the reason or reasons therefore. If
the teacher believes there is no justification for the transfer, he may appeal
his case to the chief director to the director of Public Schools or the
Director of Vocational Education,as the case may be. Pending his appeal
and the decision thereon, his transfer shall be held in abeyance: Provided,
however, that no transfers whatever shal be made three months before any
local or national election. Necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and
his family shall be paid for by the Government if his transfer is finally
approved.
Sec.7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Within six months from
The approval of this Act the secretary of Education shal formulate and
Prepare a Code of Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers.
A copy of the Code shall be furnished each teacher: Provided, however,
that were this is not possible by reason of enadequate fiscal resources of
the Department of Education, atleast thre copies of the same Code shall be
Deposited with the office of the school principal or head teacher where
They may be accessible for use by the teachers.
Sec.8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy
equitable safeguards at each stage of any disciplinary procedure and shall
Have:
a. the right to be informed, in writing, of the charges;
b. the right to full access to the evidence in the case;
c. the right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative
of his choice and/or by his organization, adequate time being given
 to the teacher for the preparation of his defense:and
d. theb right to appeal to clearly designated authorities
No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken aginst a
teacher during the pendency of his case.
Sec.9. Administrative Charges. Administrative Charges against a teacher
Shall be heard initially by a committee composed of the corresponding
School Superintendent of the Division or a duly authorized representative
Who should atleast have the rank of a division supervisor, where the
teacher belongs, as chairman, a representative of the local or, in its
absence, any existing provincial or national Teacher‘s organization and a
supervisor of the Division, the last two to be designated by the Director of
Public Schools. The Committee shall submit its findings and
recommendations to the Director of Public Schools within thirty days from
termination of the hearings: Provided, however, that were the school
superintendent is the Complainant or an interesred party, al the members
of the committee shall be appointed by the secretary of Education.
Sec.10. No Discrimination. There shall be no Discrimination whatsoever in
Entrance to the teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the
Termination of services, base on other than professional consideration.
Sec.11. Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities Shall
take all steps enable married couples, both of whom are public School
teachers, to be employed in the same locality.
Sec.12. Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the
Discharge of their professional duties, particularly with regard to teaching
and classroom methods.
III.HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION
55
Sec.13. Teaching Hours. Any teacher granted in actual classroom
instruction shall not be required to render more than six hours of actual
classroom teaching a day, which shall be so scheduled as to give him time
for the preparation and correction of exercises and other work incidental
to his normal teaching duties: Provided, however, that were exigencies of
The service so require, any teacher may be required to render more than
six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom teaching a day
Upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular
Remuneration plus atlest twenty five per cent of his basic pay.
Sec.14. Additional Compensation. Not with standing any provision of
existing Law to the contrary, co-curricular and out school activities and
any other Activities outside of what is defined as nomal duties of any
teacher shall be Paid an additional compensation of atleast twenty-five per
cent of his regular Remuneration after the teacher has completed atleast
six hours actual Classroom teaching a day.
In the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged in actual
Classroom instruction, any work performed in excess of eight hours a day
Shall be paid an additional compensation of atleast twenty-five per cent Of
their regular remuneration. The agencies utilizing the services of a
teachers shall pay the additional Compensation required under this
section. Education authorities shall refuse to allow the rendition of
services of teachers for other government agencies without the assurance
that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration provided for under this
section.
Sec.15. Criteria for Salaries. Teacher‘s salaries shall correspond to the
following Criteria:
(a) they shall compare favorably with those paid in other occupations
requiring equivalent or similar qualifications, traiing, and abilities;
(b) they shall be such as to insure teachers a reasonable standard of life for
themselves and their families; and
(c) they shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that certain
positions require higher qualifications and greater responsibility than
others: Provided, however, that the general salary scale shall be such that
the Relation between the lowest and highest salaries paid in the profession
will be of reasonable order. Narrowing of the salary scale shall be paid
achieved by raising the lower end of the salary scales relative to the upper
end.
Sec.16. Salary Scale. Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual
Progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by means of regular
Increments, granted automatically after three years: Provided, that the
Efficiency rating of the teacher concerned is at least satisfactory. The
progression from the minimum to the maximum of the salary scale shall
not extend over a period of ten years.
Sec. 17. Equality in Salary Scales. The salary scales of teachers , whose
salaries are appropriated by a city, municipal, municipal district, or
provincial government, shall not be less than those provided for teachers
of the National Government.
Sec. 18. Cost of Living Allowance. Teacher‘s salaries shall, at the very
least, keep pace with the rise n the cold of livng by the payment of cost-of-
government, shall automatically follow changes in a cost- of -living
appropriation f the necessary funds for the cost-of-living allowances of
teachers employed by the National Government. The determination of the
Cost-of-living allowances by the Secretary of Educaton shall,upon
approval of the President of the Philipines, be binding on the city,
municipal or provincial government, for the purposes of calculating the
cost-o-living allowances of teachers under its employ.
56
Sec.19. Special Hardship Allowances . In areas in which eachers are
exposed to hardship such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work
or other hazard peculiar to the place of employment, as determined by
the secretary of education, they shall be compensated especiall hardship
allowances equivalent to atleast twenty-five per cent of their monthly
salary.
Sec.20. Salaries to be Paid Legal Tender. Salaries of teachers shall be paid
Legal tender of the Philippines or its equivalent in checks or treasury
warrants. Provided, however, that such checks or treasury warrants shall
be cashable in any national, provincial, city or municipal treasurer‘s office
or any Banking institutions operating under the laws of the republic of the
Philippines.
Sec.21.Deduction Prohibited. No person shall make any deduction
whatsoever from the salaries of teachers except under specific authority of
law authorizing such deductions: Provided, however, that upon written
authority executed by the teacher concernbed, (1) lawful dues and fees
owing to the Philippine Public School Teachers Association, and (2)
premiums properly due on insurance policies, shall be considered
deductible.
IV. HEALTH AND INJURY BENEFITS
Sec.22. Medical Examination and Treatment.Compulsory medical
examination shall be provided fre of charge for all teachers before they
take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year during
the teacher‘s professional Life. Where medical examination show that
medical treatment and/or hospitalization is necessary, same shall be
provided fre by the government entity paying the salary of the teachers.
In regions where there is scarcity of medical facilities, teachers may obtain
Elsewhere the necessary medical care with the right to be reimbursed for
Their traveling expenses by the government entity concerned in the first
paragraph of this section.

Sec.23. Compensation for Injuries. Teachers shall be protected aginst the
consequences of employment injuries in accordance with existing laws.
The effects of the physical and nervous strain on the teacher‘s health shall
Be recognized as a compensable occupational disease in accordance with
existing laws.
V.LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Sec. 24. Study Leave. In addition to leave previledges now enjoyed by
teachers in the Public Schools, they shall be entitled to study live not
exceeding once school year after seven years of service. Such live shall be
granted in accordance with the schedule set by the Department of
Education. During the period of such live, the teachers shall be entitled to
atleast sixty per cent of their monthly salary: Provide, however, that no
teacher shall be allowed to accumulate more than one year study leave
unless he needs an additional semester to finish his thesis foir a graduate
study In Educational or allied courses: Provided, further, that no
compensation shall be due the teacher after the first year of such live in all
cases, the study leave period shall be counted for seniority and pension
porpuses. The compensation allowed for one year studyleave as herein
provided shall be subject to the condition that the teacher takes the
Regular study load and passes at least seventy-five per cent of his courses.
Study leave of more than one-year may be permitted by the Secretary of
Education but without compensation.
Sec.25. Indefinite Leave. An indefinite sick leave of absence shall be
granted to Teachers when the nature of the illness demands a long
treatment that will exceed one year at the least.
Sec.26. Salary Increase upon Retirement. Public school teachers having
Fulfilled the age and service requirements of the applicable retirement
laws shall be given one range salary raise upon retirement, which shall be
57
the Basis of the computation of the lump sum of the retirement pay and
the Monthly benefits thereafter.
VI. TEACHER‘S ORGANIZATION
Sec.27. Freedom to Organize. Public school teachers shall have the right to
freely and without previous authorization both to establish and to join
organizations of their choosing, whether local or national to further and
defend their interest.
Sec.28. Discrimination Aginst Teachers Prohibited. The rights established
in the immediately preceding Section shall be exercised without any
interference or coercion. It shall be unlawful for any person to commit any
acts of discrimination against teachers which are calculated to
(a) make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he shall
not join an organization, or shall relinquish membership in an
organization
(b) to cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by a reason of
his membership in an organization or because of participation in
organization activities outside school hours, or with the consent of the
proper school authorities, within school hours, and
(c) to prevent him from carrying out the duties laid upon him by his
position in the organization, or to penalize him for an action undertaken in
that capacity.
Sec.29. National Teacher‘s Organizations. National Teachers‘ organizatios
Shall be consulted in the formulation of National Educational Policies and
Professional Standards, and in the formulation of National Policies
Governing the social security of the teachers.
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Sec.30. Rules and Regulations. The secretary of Education shall formulate
And prepare the necessary rules and regulations to implement the
provisions 0f this act. Rules and Regulations issued pursuant to this
section shall take effect thirty days after publication in a news paper of
general circulation and by such other means as the secretary of education.
Deems reasonably Sufficient to give interested parties general notice of
such issuance.
Sec.31. Budgetary Estimates. The secretary of education shall submit to
Congress annuay the necessary budgetary estimates to implement the
Provisions of the act concerning the benefits herein granted to public
school Teachers under the employ of the National Government.
Sec.32. Penal Provision. A person who shall willfully enterfere with,
restrain or coerce any teacher in the exercise of his rights guaranteed by
this act or who shall in any other manner commit any act to defeat any of
the provisions of this act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of
not less than one hundred Pesos nor more than one thousand pesos, or by
imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. If the offender is a public
official, the court shall order his dismissal from the Government service.
Sec.33. Repealing Clause. All Acts or parts of acts, executive orders and
there Implementing rules inconsistent with the provisions of this act are
hereby repealed, Amended or modified accordingly.
Sec.34. Separability Clause. If any provision of this act is declared invalid,
the remainder of this act or any provisions not affected thereby shall
remain enforce and in effect.
Sec.35. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved: June 18,1966
58
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS
Pursuant to thprovisions of paragraph (e), Article 11, of R.A.No.7836,
Otherwise known as the Philippine Teacher Professionalization Act of
1994 and paragraph (a), section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board for
Professional Teachers hereby adopts the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers.
Preamble
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and
reputation who high moral values as well as technical and professional
competence in the practice of their noble profession, and they strictly
adhere to, observe, and practice this set of ethical and moral principles,
standards, and values.
Article I. Scope and Limitations
Section 1. The Philipine Constitution provides that all educational
Institution shall offer quality education for all competent teachers.
Committed to its full realization, the provision of this Code shall apply,
Therefore, to all in schools in the Philippines.
Section.2. This Code covers all public and private school teachers in all
Educational institutions at the preschool, primary, elementary, and
Secondary levels whether academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-
Formal. The term teacher shall include industrial arts or vocational
Teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative Functions in all school at the aforesaid levels, whether on
full time or part-Time basis.
Article II. The Teacher and the State
Section.1. The schools are the nurseries of the future citizens of the state;
Each teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the
Nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as
well as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love
of Country, instill allegiance to the constitution and for all duly
constituted Authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state.
Sector.2. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the
Declared policies of the state, and shall take an oath to this effect.
Section.3. In the interest of the state and of the Filipino people as much as
Oh his own, every teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit.
Section.4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize a full commitment and
devotion to duty.
Section .5. Atescher shall not engage in the promotion of any political,
Religious , or other partisan interest, and shall not, and directly and
indirectly, solicit require, collect , or receive any mony and service or other
valuable material from any person or entity for such purposes.
Section.6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other
constitutional rights and responsibility.
Section.7. A teacher shal not use his position or official authority or
influence to coerce any other person to follow any political course of
antion.
Section.8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have
privilege o f expounding the product of his researches and investigation;
Provided that, if the result are inimical to the declare policies of the state,
They shall be brought to the proper authorities appropriate remedial
action.
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Article III: The Teacher and the Community
Section. 1. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the Development
The youth; he shall, therefore, render thebest service by providing an
Environment conducive to such learning growth.
Section .2. Everyteacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively
Participate in community movements for moral, social,
educational,economic, and civic betterment and section.
Section.3. Every teacher merit reasonable social recognition for which
purpose he shall behave with honor and dignity at all time and refrain
from such activities as gambling, smoking ,drunkenness , and other
excesses, much less illicit relations.
Secton 4. Every teacher shall live far and with the community and shall,
Therefore, study and understand local costume and traditions in orther to
have Sympathetic attitude, therefore reframe from disparagingthe
Community.
Section.5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the
Community informed about the school and work and accomplishments as
well a its needs and proplems.
Section.6.Every teacher is ntellectual leader in the community, especially
In the barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such
Leadersip when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate,
And to actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the people.
Secton.7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal
And official relations with other professionall, with government officials,
And with the people, individually or collectively.
Section.8. A teacher possesses freedom to attend church and worships as
Appropriate, but shall not use his positions and influence to proselyte
others.
Article IV: A Teacher and the Profession
Section 1. Every teacher shall actively insure that teaching is the noblest
Profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching
as a noble calling.
Section.2.. Evry teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of
quality Education, shall make the best preparations for the career of
teaching, and shall be at his best at all times and in practice of his
proession.
Section.3. Every teacher shall participate in the Continung Professional
Education (CPE)program f the Prfessional Regulation Commisson, and
Shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enchance
the Prestige of profession, and strengthen his competence, virtius, and
Productivity in orer to be nationally and internationally competitive.
Secton.4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized, to seek support
from the, school but shall not make improper misrepresentations through
Personal advertisements and other questionable means.
Section.5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that
makes it dignified means for earning a decent living.
Article V: The Teachers and the Profession
Section.1. Teachers shall, at all times, be imbued in the spirit of
Professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another,self-
Sacrifice for the common good and full cooperation with colleagues. When
The best interest of the learners , the school, or the proffesion is at stake in
Any controversy, teachers shall support one another.
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Section 2.A teacher is not entitled to claim credit or work not of his own,
And shall give due cridet for the work of others which he may use.
Section.3. Before living his position, a teacher shall organize for whoever
Assumes the position such records and other data as are necessary to carry
on the work.
Section.4. A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information
concerning associate and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone
documents which has not been officially released, or remove records from
files without permission.
Section.5. it shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives
For what may appeal to be an unprofessional and anitical conduct of any
Associate. However, this may be done only if there is incontrovertible
Evidence for such conduct
Section.6. A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable
Criticism against an associate, preferably in writing, without violating the
right of the individual concerned.
Section.7. A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is
Qualified; provided that he respect the system of selection on the Basis of
merit and competence; Provided, further, that all qualified candidates are
given the opurtunity to be considered .
ARTICLE VI: The Teacher and Higher Authorities in the Profession
Section.1. Every teacher shall make it his duty to make an honest Effort to
understand d and support the legitimate policies of the school and the
administration regardless of personal feeling or private opinion and shall
faithfully carry them out.
Section.2. A teacher shall not make any false accusations or charges
against superiors, especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid
charges he should present such under oath to competent
Authority.
Section.3. A teacher shall transact all official business through Channels
except when especial conditions warrant a different procedure, Such as
especial conditions are advocated but are opposed byb a emmidate
Superiors, in which case the teacher shall appeal directly appropriate
Higher authority.
Section.4. Every teacher, individualy or as part of a group, has a right to
seek Redress against in justice to the administration and the extent
possible, shall raise grievances written acceptable democratic possesses. In
doing, they shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and the welfare of
learners whose Right to learn must be respected.
Section.5. Evvery teacher has a right to envoke the principle that
appointments promotion, and transfer of teacher are made only on the
basis of merit and needed In the interest of the service
Section.6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual
obligation to live up to his contract, assuming full knowledge of
employment terms and condition.
ARTICLE VII. School Officials, Teachers, and other Personnel
Section.1. All school officials shall at all times show professional courtesy,
Helpfulness and sympath towards teachers and other personnel, such
practices being standards of effective school supervision dignified
administration responsible leadership and enlightened directions.
Section.2. School Officials, teachers and other school personnel shall
consider in their cooperative responsibility to formulate policies or
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introduce important charges in the system at all levels.Section.3. School
officials shall encourage and attend the professional growth of all teachers
under them such as recommending them for promotion, giving them due
recognition for meritorious performance, and allowing them to
participate in conferences in training programs.
Section.4. No school officials shall dismiss or recommend for dismissal a
teacher or other subordinates except for cause.
Section. 5. School authorities concern shall ensure that public school
teachers are employed in accordance with pertinent civil service rules, and
private School teachers are issued contracts specifying the terms and
conditions of There work provided that they are given, if qualified
subsequent permanent Tenure can accordance with existing laws.
ARTICLE VIII: The Teachers and Learners
Section.1. A teacher has a right and duty to determin the academy marks
And the promotions of learners in the subject or grades he handles
provided that such determination shall be in accordance with generally
accepted procedures of evaluation and measurement. In case of any
complaint, Teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate actions,
observing Due possess
Section.2. A teacher shall recognized that the interest and welfare of
learners are office and foremost concern and shall deal justifiably and
impartially each of them.
Section.3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher prejudiced or
discriminate against a learner
Section.4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gift from learners their
parents or others in their behalf in exchange for requested concessions
especially if undeserved.
Section.5. A teacher shall not accept directly or indirectly, any
remuneration from tutorials other what authorized for such service
Section.6. A teacher shall base evaluationof the learners work only in merit
and quality of academic performance
Section.7. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love
develop between teacher and learner the teacher shall exercise atmost
professional direction to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment
of the learner.
Section.8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending
learners nor make deduction from their scholastic ratings as a punishment
for acts which are clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.
Section.9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute to the
maximum development of learners are adequate, and shall extend needed
assistance in preventing or solving learners problem and the difficulties.
ARTICLE XI: The Teacher and Parents
Section.1. Every teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations
With parents and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and
respect.
Section.2. Every Teacher shall informed parents through proper
authorities of the Progress and deficiencies of learner and exercising
atmost candor and tact in pointing Out the learners deficiencies and in
seeking parents cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of
the learners.
Section.3. A teacher shall hear parents complaints with sympathy and
understanding and shall discourage unfair criticism
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ARTICLE X. The Teacher and Business
Section.1. A teacher has the right to engage, directly or indirectly, in
legitimate in come generation, provided that it does not relate to or
adversely effect as a Teacher.
Section.2. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to the
financial matters such as in the settlement of his debts and loans in
arranging satisfactory his private financial affairs.
Section.3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be
financially Interested in, any commercial venture which furnished
textbooks and other school Commodities in the purchase and disposal of
which he can exercise official influence except only when his assignment
is enherantly related to such purchase and disposal, provided, further,
that members of duly recognized teachers cooperatives may participate in
the distribution and sale of such commodities:
ARTICLE XI. The Teacher as a Person
Section.1. A teacher is, above all, a human being endowed with life for
which it is the Highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether
in school, in the home,or Elsewhere
Section.2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-desciplined as the
primary principle of personnal behavior in all relationship with others and
in all situation.
Section.3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality
which would serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers and
all others.