Lee, H P, Harris, P J and Hsu, C 'A non- calculation penalty finite element problems.
roblems. which the system may be employed with a
linear finite element computer program for
thin-walled members' Thin-WalledStructures
Vol 2 No 4 (1984) p 355
A nonlinear finite element computer program
for analysis of thin-walled metal structural
members is presented. The program has the
ability to handle both geometrical and
material nonlinearities. Marguerre's shallow
shell theory is adopted for the strain-
displacement relationships. A bending-
membrane rectangular element with six
degrees of freedom at each node is used in
the program. The formulation is based on a
total Lagrangian coordinate system and the
flow theory of plasticity.
Sussman, T and Bathe, K 'Studies of Finite
Element Procedures - On Mesh Selection'
Comput. 5truer. Vol 21 No 1/2 (1985) p 257
This is a tutorial paper on the selection of a
finite element mesh in engineering practice.
First, basic concepts are discussed which
identify whether a finite element mesh has
provided an accurate solution for a linear
elastic static analysis, and thus when mesh
refinement is necessary. These concepts are
then considered in a finite element analysis
of a pressure vessel subjected to an internal
pressure load.
Woodward, W S and Morris, J W 'Improving
productivity in finite element analysis
through interactive processing' Finite
Elements In Analysis and Design Vol 1 No 1
(April 1985) pp 3 5 - 4 8
This paper discusses concepts which form
the basis for improving productivity in finite
element analysis through the use of inter-
active graphical pre- and postprocessing.
Examples are presented which illustrate the
costs and benefits of this technology. In
particular, the cost required to perform an
analysis is said to be reduced to such an
extent that the cost of user training and
inexpensive colour terminals can be
recovered after the analysis of three or four
moderate sized problems.
Stolfo, S J 'Is CADCAM ready for AI?'
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Vol 1
No 2 (August 1985) pp 141-151
This paper explores the possibility of
mergingCADCAM with Artificial Intelligence
technology. A brief tutorial on expert
systems is presented. Several observations
are noted which link existing expert system
applications with various CADCAM
problems. The authors conclude that present
Artificial Intelligence techniques can in the
near future be implemented to drastically
improve present CADCAM capabilities.
Tang, Limin and Liu, Yingxi 'Quasi-conform-
ing element techniques for penalty finite
element methods' Finite Elements in
Analysis and Design Vol 1 No 1 (1985)
pp 2 5 - 3 3
The Quasi-Conforming Element (QCE)
technique is introduced in this paper for
v o l u m e 18 n u m b e r 2 march 1 9 8 6
Unlike the reduced integration methods, the
QCE technique uses multiple sets of
functions to approximate strains and is
independent of the integration order.
Examples of the use of this technique are
given for incompressible linear elasticity and
medium thickness plate bending. The
related generalized variational principle is
presented.
Bergan, P G, Mollestad, E and Sandsmark, N
'Nonlinear static and dynamic response
analysis for floating offshore structures'
Eng. Comput. Vol 2 No 1 (March 1985) p 13
A method for nonlinear static and dynamic
analysis of flexible systems submerged in
water is outlined. The systems considered
include cable and beam elements, as well as
buoys and clump weights. Contact and lift-
off between members and the sea floor are
accounted for. The formulation allows for
large deformations and material non-
linearities. Hydrostatic buoyancy and
hydrodynamic drag forces are considered
throughout the analyses.
Bergan, P G and Mollestad, E 'An automatic
time-stepping algorithm for dynamic
problems' Computer Methods in Applied
Mechanics and Engineering Vol 49 No 3
(June 1985) p 299
This paper discusses algorithms for automatic
computation of time steps in discrete
integration of dynamic problems. Objective
criteria for performance and guidelines for
making an algorithm practically applicable
are suggested. A set of parameters for
characterizing the dynamic response of a
system is proposed, including a 'current
frequency', a 'current period' and a 'dynamic
stiffness parameter'. The automatic compu-
tation of the time step based on the current
period is proposed.
Nicklin, P J, Powell, G H and Hollings, J P
' Hierarchical data man agemen t for stru ctu ral
analysis' Engineering with Computers Vol 1
No 1 (1985) p 45
This paper reviews data base requirements
and the organization of integrated computer
program networks. It identifies a need for
hierarchical data base management in
computer programs for structural analysis.
The nature of the data hierarchy is illustrated
with reference to a building that has been
analyzed by using substructure techniques.
The organization and features of a certain
hierarchical data base manager are then
described.
McGuire, W and Castafier, J L 'Computer-
aided limit states design' Prec. Third
Conference on Steel Developments
Australian Institute of Steel Construction,
Melbourne, Australia (May 2 0 - 2 2 1985)
In this paper, a computer-aided analysis/
design system for s$eel frames is described.
The emphasis of the work is on 3D structures
and nonlinear behaviour. The manner in
limit states specification, the new Load and
Resistance Factor Design Specification of
the American Institute of SteelConstruction
is illustrated. Also, a series of illustrations is
used to explain the authors' approach to
computer-aided design. Lastly, prospects of
the future of CAD in steel frame analysis are
presented.
Smith, T, Gierlinski, J and Walker, B 'A
combined finite strip/finite element method
for analysing thin-walled structures' Thin-
WalledStruct. Vol 3 No 2 (1985) p 163
A combined finite-strip/finite element
method is presented for the linear elastic
analysis of thin-walled structures containing
transverse diaphragms and intermediate
supports. It is proposed to discretize a
prismatic 'main structure' with finite strips
and a nonprismatic 'substructure' by finite
elements, the two being connected by
appropriate compatibility conditions. As a
consequence of combining finite strips and
finite elements, the stiffness matrix loses the
decoupling between the harmonics that is
the basis of the efficiency of the finite strip
method. However, decoupling within the
submatrix for the prismatic main structure
is still used by a multilevel block iterative
solution method.
Buyukozturk, Oral and Shareef, Syed Sarwar
'Constitutive modelling of concrete in finite
element analysis' Comput. 5truer. Vol 21
No 3 (1985) pp 5 8 1 - 6 1 0
This paper reviews the approaches generally
used in defining constitutive relations for
concrete. Constitutive models based on
isotropic elastic, orthotropic elastic, and
plasticity formulations are discussed in
detail. A computer program developed for
3D finite element analysis of complex
reinforced, prestressed, and refractory
concrete systems is described. The program
incorporates nonlinear material properties,
cracking in concrete, shear transfer in cracked
reinforced concrete sections, and time
dependent effects such as creep, shrinkage
and transient temperature distributions.
Watwood, V B 'Gable frame design
considerations' J. Struct. Eng. ASCE
Vo1111 No 7 (July 1985) p 1543
A gable frame design is reviewed with regard
to the modelling, load specification, and
strength evaluation. It is found that the
frame behaviour may be sensitive to varia-
tions in the boundary conditions at the
column bases, and that it is prudent to
consider several reasonable alternatives and
to construct an envelope of internal forces
for design. It is shown that uneven loading
should also be considered in the design. The
question of the correct effective length for
the rafter is also examined. It is suggested
that if there is significant axial stress in the
rafter, caution should be exercised in the
use of specification provisions, which are
based on zero axial stress in the girders.
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