PLANNING STUDIO-I 1.

MASTER PLAN - AGRA

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Geographical Conditions
 Agra city is of historic importance, which is Agra is geographically located at 27°12' North
amply evident from the numerous historical latitudes and 78°12' East longitudes.
monuments in and around the city. The city of Agra is situated on the Western Bank of
 Agra was founded by Sikandar Lodi in the river Yamuna.
16th century. Agra is about 200 kms away from the capital city
 The growth of Agra started with the imperial Delhi and about 225 kms from Jaipur.
favour, as a seat of emperor of India. The city is situated on plain land with plenty of
Time period of various empire up to the present fertile mud.
a. Sikandar Lodhi Period (1488-1517 A.D.)
b. Babur’s Period (1526-1530 A.D.)
1.3 Climatic Conditions
The climate of Agra city is extreme hot and tropical.
c. Humayun Period (1530-1555 A.D.)
a. Temperature: Max. in Summer- up to 47⁰C
d. Akbar Period (1556-1605 A.D.)
Min. in winter- up to 3⁰C
e. Jahangir Period (1605-1627 A.D.)
b. Humidity: Range of humidity- 32 to 78 %
f. Shahjahan Period (1627-1658 A.D.)
Max. humidity accurs between July and August
g. Aurangzeb Period (1658-1701 A.D.)
c. Rainfall: Annual rainfall averages: 700 - 750mm
h. Colonial Period (1803-1947 A.D.)
Driest days : During winter
i. Post Colonial to Present Day
Wettest days : During july and august

2. DEMOGRAPHY & ITS GROWTH

Population Growth Rate
Population
Total area of Agra 12.75 lakh
Year Population (lakh) Growth Rate(%)
188 sq. km
Central 1981 7.81
zone East
North zone 1991 9.78 25.22
zone South- Density 2001 12.75 30.37
east 9043/ Sq. km
Population Projection (Estimated)
zone
2011 17.53

Literacy rate 2021 22.69

West 73.11%
zone Density Growth Rate Sex Ratio
Year Area (sq. km) Population (lakh) Gross Density Year Sex Ratio
Females
South- South
46% 2.48 Lakh 1981 141.00 7.81 5539 1981 821
west zone
Master plan zones:- 7
zone Administrate zones:- 4 1991 141.00 9.78 6936 1991 832
Males
Municipal wards:- 90 54% 2001 141.00 12.75 9043 2001 846
4.62 Lakh

3. HERITAGE AND TOURISM Tourist Arrival

Year Domestic Foreign Total Growth
3.1 Heritage Of Agra (Lakh) (Lakh) (Lakh) (%)
 Agra has a long history, which can be traced back to 1993 15.27 5.09 20.36 -
the neo-lithic period. 1994 16.32 4.08 20.40 0.17
 About sixty monuments including three World Heritage 1995 15.89 5.30 21.19 3.77
Sites are under the protection of the Archaeological
1996 16.27 5.42 21.69 2.41 Composition of tourists
Survey of India (ASI)
 Besides these monuments there are about one 1997 16.29 5.87 22.16 2.14 3.5 Major Issues
hundred unprotected monuments, heritage buildings, 1998 16.33 6.26  The duration of stay of the tourists
22.59 2.01
remains of gardens etc. which should be the target of 1999 Break up not available 17.46 -22.72  in Agra is only one day.
the present development plan of Agra city. 3.3 Tourist Arrivals  Various other tourist destinations
2000 17.83 2.28 20.11 15.18
Being in proximity of Delhi and being well like Itmad-ud-Daula are not well
2001 19.77 2.50 22.27 10.69
3.2 Tourist Destinations connected to it by rail and road transport, connected with the city.
 The city has huge tourism potential due to the Taj Agra is prime city for domestic as well as 3.4 Tourists Accommodation  The approach road to various
Mahal. The city has numerous monuments of historical foreign tourists. It is also estimated that  Over the last few years the hotel industry in Agra has tourist
importance that give impetus to the tourism in the city. nearly 55 percent of all foreign tourists shown a major growth.  destinations is also highly
 The major tourist spots in the city include Taj Mahal, visiting the country make a trip to Agra.  With the boom in the tourism sector the number of hotels congested so tourists do not
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra fort, Radha Swami Samadhi, Ram has increased in Agra. They include: Taj Group, Welcome prefer to visit them.
Bagh, Jama Masjid, Mehtab Bagh, Itmad-ud- Group, Oberoi, Trident, Jaypee Group etc.  There are no proper signage
Daulah,Sikandara, Mariyam’s Tomb, Mankameshwar boards in the city.
Mandir, Kailash Mandir, Balkeshwar Mandir, Baptist  Lack of tourist information centers.
Church are also major attraction spots for tourists and  There are no evening activities for
devotees. the tourists.

4. ECONOMICAL CONDITIONS 5. INFRASTRUCTURE 5.1.3 Water Treatment

4.1 Economic Base
 Agra is basically a commercial city. The
major part of its industrial activity is in the
form of small-scale and house- hold
industries.
 The important industries are textile, leather,
foundries, electrical goods, fans, pipes, C.I,
casting, leather goods including shoes, etc.
 Agra has been a center of traditional
handicraft industries from the Mughal
times. The major handicrafts are marble,
leather, carpet, brassware, artistic dari and
jewellery crafts.
4.2 Employment
The work force participation rate (WFPR) of
the city is 25.5 per cent. The occupational
structure of the city shows that the majority of
the population is engaged in tertiary sector
(88.68 per cent) and minimum in primary
sector 3.50 per cent.
2% 1%  Presently there are two water
26%
8%
Cultivators 5.1 Water Supply works namely Jeoni Mandi
water treatment plant and
Agriculture 5.1.1 Source Of Water
Workers  The source of water supply in the city is mainly surface Sikandara water treatment
plant. Both the treatment
Non-workers Household water. The river Yamuna is the only surface water source.
74% Industrise plants are giving a final output
88.68 Others
 There is extreme shortage of raw water in the river Yamuna
during summers. of about 270 mld
Workforce participation Occupational distribution  The demand of drinking water of Agra, which is presently 5.1.4 Water demand
142 cusecs and projected to be 276 cusecs in the year 2036  After consultation with officials
could not be met from this source. it has been decided that the
 The Central Govt. has earmarked that 150 cusecs raw water per capita water supply for
will be conveyed upto Palra fall of Upper Ganga canal Agra should be kept 150 lpcd.
through its system and then it has to be brought to Agra.  As per standard of 150 lpcd the
5.1.2 Distribution and Duration of Supply water requirement for the
 In most of the areas of Nagar Nigam water distribution projected population of 22.7
system is available but still in some wardsno water supply lakhs for the year would be of
network is available. Water requirement in these areas is 340 mld and if 30% wastage
met by tube wells and hand pumps. during distribution is also
 Besides this consumers are getting water for 5 hrs per day, considered then the water
both in the morning and evening. requirement would be 442 mld.

A Study On, City Development Plan- Agra
Studio, Semester- I
ADARSH KUMAR S, ALAM HASAN, MOHD AFZAL, NISHAT FATAMA, SHAILA NAAZ, SNEHA MANGA, VAISHALI KAPOOR
Submitted To : Dr. Nand Kumar
Submitted By : Mohd. Afzal
M.Plan ( Urban Planning), 2017-18
M.N.I.T. Jaipur, Rajasthan
 PLANNING STUDIO-I 2.
MASTER PLAN - AGRA

5.2 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

5.2.1 Generation Of Sewerage
 The city of Agra has underground sewerage system, which is operated and maintained by the
Agra JalSansthan. Planning.
 This Master Plan divides the city into 25 sewerage zones, regrouped in 8 sewerage districts on the basis
of topography and physical barriers like railway lines, river, National Highway etc.

5.1.5 Major Issues

 30 per cent of the city area is not by piped water network.
 The pressure at tail end is very low.
 Excessive water loss due to leaks in water pipes and pipe appurtenances.
 Damaged water mains and distribution mains.
 95 per cent of the leakages due to service lines.

5.2.2 Sewerage Treatment plants

Three Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) were built under Yamuna Action Plan Phase I. The STPs at
Burhi ka Nagla (2.25 mld) and Peela Khar (10 mld) are made to perform beyond capacity, but still
treat only 10% of the sewage they receive. Mean while, the Dhandupura STP (78 mld) remains
under utilized.
State of Sewerage System

5.2.3 Major Issues

 The area covered by the sewerage system is only 17 percent.
 About 50 per cent of the sewerage system is not in working condition.
 Mostly the sewage goes into the open drains.
 The system is badly silted, choked and damaged at number of places and overloaded due to the
growth of population.
 The STPs are made to perform beyond capacity, but still treat only 10% of the sewage they
receive.
 Improper means of disposal of wastewater has also resulted in environmental pollution and
creates unhygienic conditions.
 Treatment capacities being inadequate, results in discharge of untreated sewage into water
bodies, particularly river Yamuna and other nallahs.
 The STPs at Dhandupura treats city sewer and discharge of 17 nallahs where as STPs at Pila-
Khar and Nagla-budi treats only discharge coming from nallah water.

5.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

5.3.1 Source of Solid Waste Generation
 The waste generated from the city includes household waste, commercial waste, clinical waste
and industrial waste.
 About 628MT of solid waste is generated every day in the city, which comes out to be about 492
grams per capita per day. Number of Sweepers

 For the purpose of solid waste management the city is divided into 19 sanitary wards. Each 5.3.3 Transportation of waste 5.3.4 Treatment and Disposal of Wastes
sanitary ward comprises 3 to 5 wards and is managed by a Sanitary Inspector.
 The open transportation system is  The entire waste, which is collected, is taken for
adopted for carrying solid waste from the dumping to the disposal site.
temporary storage points and open  At present there is no sanitary landfill site in
waste storage depots to the disposal Agra. The disposal is carried out following the
site. method of crude dumping where the waste is
 The waste is not transported from all the neither spread nor covered.
 storage points. Further, manual handling  The present dumping site is at Shahdara near
of wastes poses threat to the health of Jarnah nallah on Agra-Firozabad road.
Sanitary Workers, as the waste is highly
Source wise break up of Solid Waste contaminated.
5.3.2 Storage and Collection of Waste  About 325MT of waste is transported per
 The primary collection of waste refers to house to house collection of waste or collection of day, of the total waste generated in the
wastes in the community waste bins either by the resident themselves or by the sanitary workers. city (628MT). This backlog creates
 The sweeping is collected in the traditional wheel barrow which is taken to waste storage points unsanitary conditions.
and put either on ground or manually transferred to the dumper placer containers.
 At present there are about 561 waste storage depots in the city and out of which 225 are the open
storage points causing nuisance and unsanitary conditions.

5.4 ROADS & TRANSPORT SYSTEM

5.4.1 Linkage of Network
 Agra is well connected by the major cities like: Bharatpur, Gwalior and Kanpur.
 Agra is served by seven railway stations: Raja-ki-Mandi, Agra Cantonment, Agra City, Agra Fort,
Idgah, Yamuna Kinara and Bilochpura and 2 bus stations (Agra Fort and Idgah).
 Moreover it is located on the junction of four National Highways namely Delhi - Kolkata (NH-2),
Agra - Mumbai (NH-3), Agra - Jaipur (NH-11) and Agra - Aligarh (NH-93) and two State Highways
namely Agra - Fatehabad (SH-62) and Agra – Gajnair (SH-39).
5.4.2 Condition of Network 5.4.3 Transportation System
 The road network within the  Agra is well connected by air, rail and
city is not developed road network.
enough to cater for the  170 JNNURM buses operate along 7
requirement of tourism, Route, 19000 Km, Ridership Approx.
which Taj Mahal attracts. 30,000.
Present Scenario of Solid Waste Management services in Agra  The width of existing roads  Major Junction signalized
5.3.5 Majors Issues
 In Agra all the waste is added to the Nagar Nigam waste without segregation.
is varying from 7m to 18m  Radio Taxi service started
 Nagar Nigam does not have a proper disposal site for dumping of solid waste.
in inner city. It has been felt  Battery Vehicle Operate Near Taj Mahal
 The arrangement for separate collection of infectious biomedical waste is non-
that there  Converting CNG Auto-Rickshaw too E-
 is an urgent need to widen rickshaw
existent.
 Several temporary storage points are not cleared on a day-to-day basis.
the carriageway and extend  Inner road connecting Yamuna
the road lanes. Expressway with Fatehbadroad started
 Community involvement is absent.

A Study On, City Development Plan- Agra
Studio, Semester- I
ADARSH KUMAR S, ALAM HASAN, MOHD AFZAL, NISHAT FATAMA, SHAILA NAAZ, SNEHA MANGA, VAISHALI KAPOOR
Submitted To : Dr. Nand Kumar
Submitted By : Mohd. Afzal
M.Plan ( Urban Planning), 2017-18
M.N.I.T. Jaipur, Rajasthan
 PLANNING STUDIO-I 3.
MASTER PLAN - AGRA

5.4.4 Major Issues

Road and traffic problems being  Street furniture,
faced by the city are: road and tourism
 Delay at intersection due to signage are also
non-standard configurations. insufficient in the
 Unorganized Parking on road city
 Absence of traffic  No proper drains
management plan / its for draining out
implementation the water into
 Increase in volume of two main drains
wheelers  Barely any
 Varying carriageway width footpath for safe
creating turbulence in traffic pedestrian
flows. movement.
 Lack of good eco-friendly intra  A number of rail-
city public transport (from Taj road crossings
Mahal point of view). which add to
 No proper fare policy for taxis, traffic chaos in the
autos and buses. city.
Mode of Transportation Hierarchy of Roads

5.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

 The drainage system of Agra
was laid about 55 years back Major Issues
and drains are in bad  Old drains which are heavily silted, broken at places
condition. and encroached by
 The system comprises  Buildings
hierarchy of natural and man-  Most of the drains are inadequate in size and there is
made drains. urgent need for planned desilting & remodeling of
 Mantolanallahis the longest drains.
nallahof the city and covers  Drains becoming non-functional due to garbage
around one third of the city Open drains in sanjay place
dumping by residence.
catchments.  Water logging has become a regular feature because
 Primary and secondary of building that have come up just over the drains
drains/nallah’sare of mixed  The vertical walls are of the drains in damaged
type i.e kutcha and pucca. condition resulting in water logging of the adjoining
 These drains/nallah’sare areas.
mainly made in brick masonry  Initial designs of drains are no longer to adequate to
without plaster and some carry the increase run off. The increase in run off is
portion in stone masonry. due to more area, as per new development, getting
 These drains are heavily paved.
silted and broken in many Nallah near Agra Fort
places and are in very bad
conditions. Flood prone & water logging map

6. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 6.3 Noise Level

 The daytime Noise level at Taj Mahal is 65.5 dB, which
The parameters establishing the environmental health of exceeds the prescribed noise level of
the city are: Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Level, Green  50 dB. The noise level decreases to 56.2 dB during the
Area, Sanitation and Hygiene and Ground Water level. night. The reason may be due to the
6.1 Air Quality  visitors coming to Taj Mahal in daytime.
 The noise levels during night are also high compared to
 The principal sources of Air pollution in Agra are from
the prescribed limts, this may be due to the improper
vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, construction
land use planning including activities around Taj Mahal,
related activities.
honking of horns, use of loud speakers, ringing of bells
 The use of dirty fuel in inefficient vehicles moving on
in vicinity of Taj and improper buffer zone etc.
slow and ill-maintained and congested roads is a major
cause of vehicular emissions. 6.4 Green Area
 While source of industrial emissions are mainly from  As per the data available in
foundaries, small-scale industries and the major source District Forest Office (DFO),
of industrial emissions is Mathura refinery. Tajganj Agra, the total
6.2 Water Quality reserve forest area in the city
is 1912.20hectares. Existing land use as per Master Plan-2021
 The main source of water for Agra town is River Yamuna.
 The green area in the city
 River Yamuna water is however highly polluted, hence it
comprises of about 58 parks,
is first treated and then supplied for drinking purposes
out of which 3 are city level
through the existing water works and the associated
parks namely: Shahjahan
distribution system.
Park, Paliwal park and Nehru
 River Yamuna , which serves as a sewage conduit for
Park. There are also 4 mela
towns along its banks, remains seriously polluted Proposed land use as per Master Plan-2021
grounds in the city

6.5 Water Bodies 7. HOUSING SCENARIO

 Nagar nigam has 41
listed pokhars/ponds of
different sizes. These
water bodies comprising
an area of about 0.45
sq.km.
 Out of these 41 water
bodies 13 ponds have
either been fully or partly
encroached or filled by
earth.
 28 ponds comprising
0.37 sq.km (34 bighas)
are still available in the
pond form itself.
 There is urgent need of
protection / waste has been identified as one of the most pressing urban
beautification / environment issues.
conservation of 36
(including the 8 partly
filled ones) ponds.
7.1 Typology
Flatted housing
Planned Plotted housing
Group housing
Slums
Unplanned Unauthorized colonies
Future population & housing projections pertaining to EWS / LIG
7.2 Housing Requirement
 As per the census, 2001, the number of households in the
city was 209997 with an average family size of 6.
6.6 Issues  The Master Plan 2021 envisages about 450,000 number of
 Air pollution in the city is localized and limited to roads, industrial households in the city with family size of 5.
areas, major junctions and at some extent in residential areas.  Presently city has 199,497 residential units on which the
 The Water resources in the city are polluted due to disposal of deficit is about 16585 units.
sewerage directly into the surface drains or surface water bodies.  The Master Plan has also envisaged that the city will
 At present, solid waste is one of the critical issues in Agra. Solid require 256,488 units by the year 2021.
 Number of households, as per 2001 census, in Nagar
Nigam Area is 1,97,656 while the built up properties as per Village
 The absence of a the above survey statistics is 1,85,628 and further Developed
 sanitary landfill site is another critical issue related to sanitary land assuming one dwelling unit for each household, the housing Group housing
Undeveloped
filling which rears its ugly head in most urban centers of India. shortage works out to be about 13,028 dwelling units. Housing Development Plan

A Study On, City Development Plan- Agra
Studio, Semester- I
ADARSH KUMAR S, ALAM HASAN, MOHD AFZAL, NISHAT FATAMA, SHAILA NAAZ, SNEHA MANGA, VAISHALI KAPOOR
Submitted To : Dr. Nand Kumar
Submitted By : Mohd. Afzal
M.Plan ( Urban Planning), 2017-18
M.N.I.T. Jaipur, Rajasthan
 PLANNING STUDIO-I 4.
MASTER PLAN - AGRA

7.3 Density Zone Plan 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

8.1 Concept And Principles Of Development
Plan
 It is a planning process and a vision for future development of
the city.
 The principle of CDP is to develop a sustainable city with quality
life & infrastructure stock, improved economic environment and
competitiveness of Agra city.
Population & household chart
8.2 Objective Of The Master Plan
 To identify the challenges of the city
 To prepare a perspective and set Vision for the future development of the city
 To focus on the development of economic and social infrastructure
 To suggest policies and programmes that specifically address the issues of
urban poor.
High density zone  To assist the State government to undertake urban sector reforms, which will
Moderate density zone
Less density zone facilitate
Heritage site
Housing Density Plan  flow of investments into city based infrastructure.

8.3 Master Plan Development Process 8.4 Master Plan- Landuse

Development Plan for Agra City is required to be prepared
indicating policies, programmes & projects. Strategies of meeting
funds, integrated development of infrastructure. The main thrust of
the mission has been on Urban Infrastructure and Governance
focusing on minimum basic services relating to water supply,
wastewater disposal, solid waste management, road network, etc.
 The first Master Plan of Agra was prepared for the plan period 1971-2001. In this Master Plan
 the land use was prepared for an area of 8360 Ha.
 The second Master Plan for a plan period of 2001-2021 (Map:7) stands approved and the land use break up is provided for an
area of 20036.97 Ha. would be utilised for urban acitivities, including housing, commerce, industries, tourism, community
services, transport, parks, amusement and entertainment centres, parks and parking spaces.
 About 50 per cent of area is for residential use and about 2 percent for commercial use.

Existing Land Use of Agra Development Area 2001 Proposed Land Use as per Master Plan 2021

Studio, Semester- I
A Study On, City Development Plan- Agra ADARSH KUMAR S, ALAM HASAN, MOHD AFZAL, NISHAT FATAMA, SHAILA NAAZ, SNEHA MANGA, VAISHALI KAPOOR
Submitted To : Dr. Nand Kumar
Submitted By : Mohd. Afzal
M.Plan ( Urban Planning), 2017-18
M.N.I.T. Jaipur, Rajasthan
 PLANNING STUDIO-I 5.
MASTER PLAN - AGRA
9. STRATEGIC AGENDA AND VISION
AGRA CITY VISION SECTORIAL VISION 1. Heritage and Tourism
 The sector vision is important for development of  The documentation of all the heritage and unprotected monuments will
each of the sectors. The targeted approach is be done.
necessary for achieving the goal.  The city level infrastructure and tourist infrastructure will be improved to
 The sector vision has been culled out of the city provide a pleasant experience to the tourists.
assessment, stakeholder consultations, informal
discussions and workshop carried out at various stages
of CDP.
2. Water Supply

Goals
The various goals have been envisaged for achieving the vision.
 Provide 24x7 hours water supply to every household including the slum
 areas with sewerage network and solid waste services by the year 2015.
 Efficient and safe transportation system for the city
 Promote the economic opportunities in the city through tourism
 Provide safe and healthier urban environment
3. Sewerage 5. Solid waste management
To enhance the coverage of safe sanitation facilities following goals The system of
have been identified for different horizons. By the year 2016, the city is HH collection of
expected to achieve the sewerage network there by improving the basic waste with
infrastructural services. waste
segregation
and reuse will
be implemented
by the year
2011.

4. Storm water drainage

The following goals for different horizon years have been identified. There
should be reduction in water logging areas of city and increase the safety.

6. Roads and Transportation 10. Investment & Financing Strategy

The traffic network in the core area of the city is inadequate and The Projects identified under Sub-Mission I and Sub-Mission II for the
inefficient for the present day traffic. The lack of parking spaces, growth CDP Agra have been categorized in various sectors. Further, keeping
of commercial activities including informal sector is putting pressure on in view the present activities and expertise available with various
existing infrastructure. agencies working in the city.

7. Basic Services for Urban Poor The existing facilities related to the
drinking water supply, sanitation, solid waste disposal.

11. SWOT ANALYSIS 12. LANDUSE COMPARISION

The issues for the each sector has formed the basis for carrying the SWOT analysis and
formulation of the strategies. The assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and COMPARE THE LANDUSE WITH URDPFI GUIDELINES
threats has formed the basis for preparation of vision, strategies and overall preparation of city SR. LAND USE EXISTING PROPOSE URDPFI
development plan for the city. The city SWOT analysis has been done after the assessment of NO. (%) D Guidelines
various sectors of the city. (%) (%)
SWOT Analysis 1. Residential 62 50 36‐38
SR. STRENGTH WEAKNESS 2. Commercial 2.5 3 5‐6
NO.
1. Location of Taj Mahal and other High Pollution Growth 3. Industrial 7 8 7‐8
World Heritage Sites
2. Proximity to New Delhi, the Haphazard Spatial development
SR. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
4. Pub. & Semi Public 13 11 10‐12
National Capital
NO.
3. Well entrenched local economy in Dis-organized mixed nature of traffic
1. Tourism & Heritage Environmentally sensitive
5. Recreational 4.5 7 14‐16
terms of (a) Petha (b) Leather (c) & Congested Road Networks
Handicrafts 2. Willingness of local and state Fragile heritage 6. Transport & 11 11 12‐14
4. River front development area as Lack of modern public transport administration to reform Communication
per Master Plan 2021 3. Willingness of local population Unauthorized settlement growth
7. Agriculture, Water - 10 Balance
5. Responsive local and state Weak Infrastructure to support city development
bodies and Special
administration 4. Presence of many Pollution
developmental stakeholders areas
6. Positive initiative in residents Substantial urban poverty & slums
including NGOs Total Developed 100
7. Arrival of Foreign Tourists Reforms yet to take off 5. - Laxity in implementation Area

A Study On, City Development Plan- Agra
Studio, Semester- I
ADARSH KUMAR S, ALAM HASAN, MOHD AFZAL, NISHAT FATAMA, SHAILA NAAZ, SNEHA MANGA, VAISHALI KAPOOR
Submitted To : Dr. Nand Kumar
Submitted By : Mohd. Afzal
M.Plan ( Urban Planning), 2017-18
M.N.I.T. Jaipur, Rajasthan