Biomolecules & Cells BIOL10002




Lectures 1-9 Cell Biology

Geoff McFadden, Rm 211 Botany





gim@unimelb.edu.au



8344 4272
 Textbook
Required for both:
BIOL10002 &
BIOL10003

Sadava D, Life: the

science of biology, 11th
edition

Available via on-line

bookstores or purchase
digital version through
Canvas.
• Pre lecture reading - read it before the lecture

• Glossary Words - be familiar with them before

the lecture

• Make notes on the diagrams

• Review notes, summaries & textbook after

every lecture

• DON’T write everything down - listen

 Pre-lecture reading

Sadaver 11th Edition

Lecture 1 - Chapter 1 & pp 528-545

Lecture 2 - pp 81-87
Lecture 3 - pp 88-109
Lecture 4 - pp 59-62 & Ch 6
Lecture 5 - pp 41-54 & Chapter 8
Lecture 6 - pp 155-156 & Ch 9
Lecture 7 - pp 105-107 & 553-555
Lecture 8 - Ch 11
Lecture 9 - pp 54-58, pp 270-275 & pp 65-69
 Pre-lecture reading

Sadaver 10th Edition

Lecture 1 - Chapter 1 & pp 525-542

Lecture 2 - pp 78-83
Lecture 3 - pp 84-102
Lecture 4 - pp 56-59 & Ch 6
Lecture 5 - pp 42-51 & Chapter 8
Lecture 6 - pp 149-151 & Ch 9
Lecture 7 - pp 101-102 & 550-552
Lecture 8 - Ch 11
Lecture 9 - pp 51-55, pp 264-268 & pp 62-66
 Pre-lecture reading

Sadaver 9th Edition

Lecture 1 - Chapter 1 & pp 536-542

Lecture 2 - pp 76-83
Lecture 3 - pp 84-99
Lecture 4 - pp 54-57 & Ch 6
Lecture 5 - pp 42-49 & pp 156-165
Lecture 6 - pp 153-155 & Ch 9
Lecture 7 - pp 101-103 & 564-566
Lecture 8 - Ch 11
Lecture 9 - pp 49-53, pp 266-275 & pp 61-64
 Pre-lecture reading

Sadaver 8th Edition

Lecture 1 - Chapter 1 & pp 68-72 & 561-7

Lecture 2 - pp 72-79
Lecture 3 - pp 79-89
Lecture 4 - pp 54-56 & Ch 5
Lecture 5 - pp 42-48 & Ch 6
Lecture 6 - Ch 7
Lecture 7 - 588-590
Lecture 8 - Ch 9, pp 49-53, pp 57-60
 Pre-lecture reading

Purves 7th Edition

Lecture 1 - Chapter 1 & pp 61-64, 460-463

Lecture 2 - pp 61-72
Lecture 3 - pp 72-75, 79-86
Lecture 4 - pp 50-53 & Ch 5
Lecture 5 - pp 38-45 & Ch 6
Lecture 6 - Ch 7
Lecture 7 - Ch 9
Lecture 8 - pp 75-78
Lecture 9 - pp 45-50 & 54-57
 Pre-lecture reading

Purves 6th Edition
Lecture 1 -Ch 1 & pp 55-57
Lecture 2 - pp 58-64
Lecture 3 - pp pp 64-67,72-78
Lecture 4 - pp pp 49-54 & Chapter 5
Lecture 5 - pp 34-42 and Chaper 6
Lecture 6 - Ch 7
Lecture 7 - Ch 9
Lecture 8 - pp 67-70
Lecture 9 - pp 43-46, 47-49, 218-221
 Pre-lecture reading

Purves 5th Edition
• Lecture 1 - Ch 1 & pp 64-66
• Lecture 2 - pp 64-76
• Lecture 3 - pp 80-85
• Lecture 4 - pp 41-46 & Ch 5
• Lecture 5 - pp 51-58 & Ch 6
• Lecture 6 - Ch 7
• Lecture 7 - Ch 9
• Lecture 8 - pp 77-80
• Lecture 9 - pp 47, 51-63, 260-264
 Glossary words

Fossil, ontogeny, phylogeny, ultrastructure, DNA, protein, homology, paralogy, cell,

Domain Archaea, Domain bacteria, Domain Eukarya, bacteria, prokaryotic,
peptidoglycan, circular chromosome, nucleoid, ribosome, flagella,
Lecture 1 - Introduction to Biology
1. Why study biomedical biology?

2. Three foundations of biology.

2.1 Evolution through natural selection.

2.2 Unity of biochemical processes.

2.3 Cell theory.

3. Prokaryotes
Lecture 1 - Introduction to Biology
1. Why study biomedical biology?
Human genome 2002
 Cloning animals,
plants, humans - stem
cells
Is there life on mars?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)
 Who owns genes?

Does a group of people

own their unique genes?

H1N1 flu
Should Indonesia get a royalty
from the vaccine?
Bioweapons
 1st FOUNDATION OF BIOLOGY

EVOLUTION THROUGH NATURAL

SELECTION - Charles Darwin
 1st FOUNDATION OF BIOLOGY

EVOLUTION THROUGH NATURAL

SELECTION

• all life evolved from preexisting life

• homology
• fossils
Fossil record is strong evidence for
evolution-

Observe increasing complexity with
passage of time
 Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny, which
literally means - Development is a fast action
replay of ancestry.

Haeckel 1874
 Webbing between fingers
degenerates by programmed cell
death to free digits
Homology - derived from a common ancestral feature
Biogeography also supports evolution - Unique
Australian flora & fauna due to protracted
evolution on isolated continent
 Darwin’s three observations
• Individuals in a population vary → fitness
• Pass on traits (fitness) to offspring → heredity
• Never enough resources → competition for survival & reproduction
EVOLUTION IS A TWO STEP PROCESS

1. VARIABILITY
2. Ordering that variability by
NATURAL SELECTION
 2nd FOUNDATION OF BIOLOGY

UNITY OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES

• all organisms share main biochemical
reactions.
 Example of the unity of

biochemical reactions

1. All organisms have genetic material, the DNA,

that contains the instructions on how that

organism will develop.

2. Organisms also have hardware to carry out the

instructions - the proteins.
 Francis Crick 

(co-discoverer of DNA structure)

 3rd FOUNDATION OF BIOLOGY
Cell theory (Schleiden & Schwann)

MJ Schleiden T. Schwann

• All known living things are made up of one or more cells.

• All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
• The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
• Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell
during cell division.
 3rd FOUNDATION OF BIOLOGY

Robert Hooke - invented first microscopes. Observed cells in cork but did not
recognise them as cells
 Evolution is the fixation
Pauling & Zuckerkandl of
recognised
mutations
that DNAby natural
contains selection
the history of
evolution
Human & gorilla DNA >99%
identical
 Studying the evolution
(relatedness) of all life
• All organisms have genes (DNA)
• DNA contains a history of evolution
• Compare genes to define relationships
Study of cell morphology gave a
paradigm where we recognised
to main types of cells
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
(no nucleus) (with nucleus)
 Three Domains of life
• Until recently we recognised two main
types of living things: prokaryotes &
eukaryotes
• DNA data revealed two very
different groups of prokaryotes
• Carl Woese called these domains
(Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)
• Archaea are related to us
THE MAJOR GROUPS OF ORGANISMS

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