Concept Map Worksheet
Mary Richards
Jasgou1752
Pathophysiology of Disease
Dx test
Patient information
Anticipated physical findings
Anticipated nursing
interventions
Heart Failure
Left-Sided Heart Failure
 The pumping ability of the left ventricle fails and cardiac
output decreases.
 Blood backs up into the left atrium and lungs, causing
pulmonary congestion.
 If untreated, left-sided heart failure leads to right-sided
heart failure.
Right-Sided Heart Failure
 Ineffective contractile function of the right ventricle leads to
blood backing up into the right atrium and the peripheral
circulation, which results in peripheral edema and
engorgement of the kidneys and other organs.
 Laboratory – creatinine level, LFT, ABG, CBC, serum lipoprotein
levels
 Imaging – chest x-ray, CT scan of thorax
 Dx. Procedures-ECG, Electrocardiography,
Mary Richards is a 82 y/o, AA female, Admin 9/10/2020 for C/O of abd
pain and nausea. She was Dx. With heart failure 30 yrs ago.
 Pulmonary edema
 Organ failure, especially the brain and kidneys
 Myocardial infarction
 Cardiomyopathy
 Cardiac arrhythmias
 Valvular insufficiency
 Sudden cardiac death
 Hypoxia
 Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
 Malnutrition
 Embolism leading to tissue ischemia/infarction
 Weight monitoring. Most patients are weighed on admission,
and hospitalized patients with heart failure are generally
weighed every day to help monitor the effectiveness of their
diuretics
  Discharge medications. An important aspect of patient
 teaching is to relay changes in the medication regimen so your
patient will take the correct medications at home.
 Activity level. While she's in the hospital, your patient can
consult with physical therapists. She can also start a cardiac
rehabilitation program, which will provide a safe place to
begin exercising.
 Diet. Teach the patient to follow the diet her healthcare
provider recommends. 
 What to do if heart failure symptoms worsen. Teach your
patient how to realize her symptoms are worsening and when
to call for help.
 Controlling nausea and vomiting- Dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance - if unresolved, metabolic acidosis can
develop, which may prove fatal

Risk factors  Coronary artery disease

 Hypertension
 Myocardial infarction
 Diabetes
 Obstructive sleep apnea
 Viruses
 Excessive alcohol intake
 Congenital heart defect
 Smoking
 High-fat, high-cholesterol, and high-sodium diet
 Obesity
 Inactivity or poor self-care
 Age
 Ethnicity

Treatments
General

 Evaluating and treating underlying conditions

 Supportive care
 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis if the patient is
hospitalized
 Elevation of lower extremities

Diet

 Sodium restriction
 Fluid restriction
 Calorie restriction, if indicated
 Trans-fat restriction, if indicated
 DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet