Raw Water Tank Design Report - 2

2013
BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT (BBIA) ISLAMABAD
RAW WATER TANK

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT
A.A ASSOCIATES
Planners and Consulting Engineers
245-2-Y, Block-6, (OFF SHAREA FAISAL), P.E.C.H.S.,Karachi-75400
(Pakistan)
+922134539884 - 8
+922134545287
info@aa-asssociates.com
www.aa-associates.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 003
2. SITE INVESTIGATIONS 008
A. GRAVITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 023
3. STRUCTURAL DESIGN BREIF 024
4. TANK DIMENSIONS 029
5. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION 032
6. SAP2000 INPUT DATA 040
7. LOAD ASSIGNMENT 048
8. DESIGN OUTPUT 062
8.1 PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK 063
8.2 ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK 066
8.3 FLEXURE DESIGN 068
8.4 COLUMN DESIGN 074
9. BEARING PRESSURE CHECK 076
B. SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 079
10. STRUCTURAL DESIGN BRIEF 080
11. SAP2000 INPUT DATA 084
12. SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION 098
13. SEISMIC LOAD ASSIGNMENT 103
14. DESIGN OUTPUT 114
14.1 PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK 115
14.2 ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK 118
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 3
1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
There are two Raw Water tanks proposed in Benazir Bhutto International Airport. The
size of each tank is 60.9 x 30.3 x 5.3m and each tank is divided into three
compartments to make each compartment of 20.3 x 30.3 x 5.3m. The thickness of
base slab is 500mm, top slab is 300mm and walls are 300mm. These tanks were
originally designed by NESPAK and built by LTH. When these tanks were filled,
vertical cracks appeared in the walls at some locations. LTH asked A. A. Associates
to carry out design checks of the tank. A. A. Associates analyzed and designed the
structure independently using applicable codes and standards. The design check was
carried out in two phases:
Phase 1: At Hydrostatic gravity and temperature loadings
Phase 2: At Hydrodynamic (Seismic) with temperature loadings
1.1.1 PHASE 1
In Phase 1, the tank is modeled in SAP2000. Forces applied on model include
hydrostatic forces, gravity live and dead loads along with temperature loads
without taking any effects of seismic forces. The load combinations as given
in ACI-318-08 are used. In NESPAK design calculations Punching Shear and
One Way Shear check was found missing. Following are the major
observations as per A. A. Associates design:
- Top Slab and Base Slab sections are adequate against Punching Shear.
- Top Slab, Base Slab and Walls are adequate against One Way Shear.
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- Reinforcement in Base Slab, Top Slab and Columns are found
adequate.
- In Longer Wall W1 & W2, the vertical reinforcement is adequate on
both faces but the provided horizontal reinforcement is found deficient.
- In Shorter Walls W3, W4 & W5, the vertical reinforcement has been
found adequate on both faces, but the horizontal reinforcement in
Walls W3, W4 & W5 is found inadequate at corners and at wall
junctions.
1.1.2 PHASE 2
In Phase 2, For the Seismic design of tank, the standard prescribed procedure
in ACI-350.3-01 “Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures” has been
adopted for the calculations.
In NESPAK design calculations, the procedure for seismic analysis was done
by using UBC and the sloshing effects of contained liquid were ignored.
A detailed calculation for the impulsive and convective forces induced by the
contained liquid during an earthquake event is included in this report and these
forces are then applied on the walls in the SAP model. The load combinations
as given in ACI-350-01 are used in this phase. The walls with 300mm
thickness are found overstressed in Shear and the provided reinforcement is
also highly deficient. The required thickness of walls is worked out to be
475mm.
Page 5
1.2 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR RECTIFICATION
1.2.1 Catering for deficiency in horizontal reinforcement
As explained earlier the horizontal reinforcement in the walls has
been found to be inadequate in Gravity Load Analysis. To rectify
the situation one of the following method can be used to satisfy the
codal requirement:
i) Increase the amount of reinforcement in the walls by making
cuts and plastering the walls with epoxy concrete.
ii) Increasing the stability of the walls by providing counterforts
and a system of horizontal beams.
iii) Increasing the resistance of the walls by providing FRP
(Fibre Reinforced Plastic) strips externally on the walls in
horizontal direction.
If the alternative i) is adopted it would require difficult process of
cutting into the walls which would be both expensive, difficult and
time consuming.
Page 6
If the alternative ii) is adopted this would require cutting into the
base slab, walls and the top slab so as to strengthening the
structure. The procedure would be also expensive, difficult and
time consuming.
The third alternative of providing FRP would be simple and very
straight forward. FRP materials are being marketed in Pakistan by
M/s. SIKA and their agent can be contacted to provide the
calculations and details for strengthening the walls.
However the cracks which have appeared in the walls must be
rectified by injecting epoxy grout.
1.2.2 Catering for deficiency in earthquake condition
As explained above the walls do not have enough reserve capacity
to take up the loads due to earthquake excitation. The simple
method of countering the earthquake forces would be to embed the
tanks in earth. For this purpose the space between the tanks shall be
filled with the sandy material and a cushion of sandy material shall
be provided all around the tanks. This will require the valve pits
and chambers to be raised upto the top of the tank. Additionally
bitumen coating shall be applied on the sides of the tanks so as to
provide additional protection.
Page 7
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
Page 8
2.1 SITE INVESTIGATIONS
The RAW water tank proposed in Benazir Bhutto International Airport was originally
designed by NESPAK and constructed by LTH. After construction when the tank was
filled with water some cracks were observed at different locations. LTH asked
A. A. Associates to carry out design check of the tank.
A. A. Associates received the following pictures and locations of crack from the site.
On the basis of the data provided A. A. Associates carry out further design procedure
discussed below.
Page 9
PICTURE OF CRACKS#1
Page 10
PICTURE OF CRACKS #2
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LOCATIONS OF CRACK
Page 21
LOCATIONS OF CRACK
Page 22
GRAVITY ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Page 23
STRUCTURAL DESIGN BRIEF
Page 24
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This report includes the basic design criteria, design assumptions, information regarding
codes, standards to be adopted, design loads and design calculations.
3.2 MATERIALS
3.2.1 CONCRETE
Minimum specified Cylindrical Compressive Strength @ 28 days,

f’c = 3.6 Ksi = 25 MPa
3.2.2 REINFORCEMENT
HIGH YIELD DEFORMED BARS ASTMA615: fy = 60 Ksi = 413 MPa
3.3 CODES AND STANDARDS
The following Design Codes are being utilized in the design of the tank,
ACI 318-08: BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE
3.4 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIALS
- Unit weight of Plain Cement Concrete = 22.62 KN/m2

- Unit weight of Reinforced Cement Concrete = 23.562 KN/m2
- Unit weight of Soil = 18.85 KN/m2
- Unit weight of Steel = 79.969 KN/m2
- Unit weight of Water = 9.8 KN/m2
Page 25
3.5 LOADING
3.5.1 DEAD LOADS
- Self Weight of Structure

- Finishes on Top Slab = 1.725 KN/m2 (75mm th.)
- Finishes on Base Slab = 1.198 KN/m2 (50 mm th.)
3.5.2 LIVE LOADS
- Live Load on Top Slab = 1.198 KN/m2

- Water Load on Base Slab = 9.81 x 4.9 = 48 KN/m2
3.5.3 LATERAL WATER LOADS
- Lateral Water Load On Walls = γxh = 9.81 x 4.9

= 48 KN/m2
3.5.4 LATERAL SOIL LOADS
- Lateral Soil Load On Walls ( Upto 1m Height) = Caxγxh = 0.5x18.85x1

= 9.4 KN/m2
3.5.5 TEMPERATURE LOAD
- Uniform Temperature Load @ 25°C.
Page 26
3.6 LOAD COMBINATIONS
Combinations are based on ACI 318-08.
3.6.1 NOTATIONS
D: Self Weight + All Super Imposed Dead Loads

L: Live Loads
H: Loads Due to Pressure of Soil
F: Loads Due to Pressure of Fluids
T: Loads Due to Temperature
3.6.2 COMBINATIONS
SERVICE ULTIMATE
SER1: D+F ULT1: 1.4 (D + F)

SER2: (D + F + T) + (L + H) ULT2: 1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6 (L + H)
SER3: D+L ULT3: 1.2 D + 1.6 L
3.7 SOIL PARAMETERS
3.7.1 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY
As per geotechnical investigations Allowable Bearing Capacity of 100 KN/m2 is

used for the analysis and design of structure.
3.7.2 SUBGRADE MODULUS
- Subgrade Modulus =K = 40 x Bearing Capacity x F.O.S

= 40 x 100 x 2.5
= 10000 KN/m3
Page 27
3.7.3 JOINT SPRINGS
- Joint Springs = KJ = Subgrade Modulus x h x Catchment Area

= K x h x Ac KN
3.8 SOFTWARES
Following software’s were used in the structural design,
- SAP2000 v15.1.0
- Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets
Page 28
TANK DIMENSIONS
Page 29
4.1 TANK DIMENSIONS
4.1.1 PLAN OUTER DIMENSIONS
- Length of tank =L = 61.8 m

- Width of tank =W = 31.2 m
- Depth of tank =H = 5.3 m
4.1.2 INTERNAL DIMENSIONS
Tank consist of 3 equal size compartments having equal dimensions,
- Internal length of single compartment = Lc = 20 m

- Internal width of single compartment = Wc = 30 m
- Internal depth of single compartment = Hc = 4.5 m
4.1.3 MEMBER SIZES
- Thickness of Top Slab = 300 mm

- Thickness of Base Slab = 500 mm
- Thickness of Walls = 300 mm
- Column size = 500 mm x 500 mm (8 supporting columns
in each compartment)
4.2 TANK STORAGE CAPACITY
4.2.1 TYPICAL COMPARTMENT CAPACITY
- Internal Length = Lc = 20 m
- Internal Width = Wc = 30 m
- Depth available for storage = Hw = 3.8 m
- Volume of compartment = Vc = Lc x Wc x Hw
= 20 x 30 x 3.8
= 2280 m3
Page 30
4.2.2 TOTAL TANK CAPACITY
- Total Storage Volume of tank =V = Vc x 3

= 2280 x 3
= 6840 m3
So the total storage capacity of tank is found out to be 6840 m3
Page 31
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Page 32
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:38:06
3D VIEW OF TANK
Page 33
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:39:35
3D VIEW OF TANK
Page 34
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:40:59
LAYOUT PLAN OF TOP SLAB
Page 35
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - X-Y Plane @ Z=4.9 - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:41:37
LAYOUT PLAN OF BASE SLAB
Page 36
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - X-Y Plane @ Z=0 - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:58:38
TYPICAL EXTERNAL LONGER WALL
Page 37
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - X-Z Plane @ Y=30.3 - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 14:59:42
TYPICAL EXTERNAL SHORTER WALL
Page 38
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Y-Z Plane @ X=0 - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 15:01:10
TYPICAL INTERNAL WALL
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SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Y-Z Plane @ X=20.3 - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 INPUT DATA
Page 40
SAP2000 INPUT DATA 27 March 2013
Table: Area Section Properties, Part 1 of 4

Section Material MatAngle AreaType Type DrillDOF Thickness BendThick Arc
Degrees m m Degrees
BASE SLAB 25 0.000 Shell Shell-Thin Yes 0.500000 0.500000
TOP SLAB 25 0.000 Shell Shell-Thin Yes 0.300000 0.300000
WALLS-EXTERIOR 25 0.000 Shell Shell-Thin Yes 0.300000 0.300000
WALLS-INTERIOR 25 0.000 Shell Shell-Thin Yes 0.300000 0.300000

Section InComp CoordSys Color F11Mod F22Mod F12Mod M11Mod
BASE SLAB 33792 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

TOP SLAB 16770560 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
WALLS-EXTERIOR 65529 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
WALLS-INTERIOR Green 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

Section M22Mod M12Mod V13Mod V23Mod MMod WMod GUID
BASE SLAB 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

TOP SLAB 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
WALLS-EXTERIOR 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
WALLS-INTERIOR 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
Table: Combination Definitions, Part 1 of 3

ComboName ComboType AutoDesign CaseType CaseName ScaleFactor SteelDesign
ULT1 Linear Add No Linear Static DEAD 1.400000 None

ULT1 Linear Static FINISHES 1.400000
ULT2 Linear Static WaterC1 1.400000
Page 41


ULT9 Linear Static LIVE 1.600000
ULT10 Linear Static Temperature 1.200000
Page 42


ULT17 Linear Static SOIL 1.600000
ULTENV Envelope No Response Combo ULT1 1.000000 None
Page 43

ULTENV Response Combo ULT2 1.000000

Table: Frame Section Properties 01 - General, Part 1 of 5

SectionName Material Shape t3 t2 Area TorsConst
m m m2 m4
CoL 500x500 25 Rectangular 0.500000 0.500000 0.250000 0.008802

SectionName I33 I22 AS2 AS3 S33 S22 Z33
m4 m4 m2 m2 m3 m3 m3
CoL 500x500 0.005208 0.005208 0.208333 0.208333 0.020833 0.020833 0.031250

SectionName Z22 R33 R22 ConcCol ConcBeam Color TotalWt
m3 m m KN
CoL 500x500 0.031250 0.144338 0.144338 Yes No 16090367 692.756
Page 44

SectionName TotalMass FromFile AMod A2Mod A3Mod JMod I2Mod
KN-s2/m
CoL 500x500 70.64 No 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.700000 0.700000

SectionName I3Mod MMod WMod GUID Notes
CoL 500x500 0.700000 1.000000 1.000000 Added 27/02/2013 10:52:13 AM
Table: Frame Section Properties 02 - Concrete Column, Part 1 of 2

SectionName RebarMatL RebarMatC ReinfConfig LatReinf Cover NumBars3Dir NumBars2Dir BarSizeL
m
CoL 500x500 A615Gr60 A615Gr60 Rectangular Ties 0.038100 4 4 #6

SectionName BarSizeC SpacingC NumCBars2 NumCBars3 ReinfType
m
CoL 500x500 #3 0.150000 4 4 Design
Table: Load Case Definitions, Part 1 of 2

Case Type InitialCond ModalCase BaseCase DesTypeOpt DesignType DesActOpt
DEAD LinStatic Zero Prog Det DEAD Prog Det

LIVE LinStatic Zero Prog Det LIVE Prog Det
WaterC1 LinStatic Zero Prog Det PATTERN LIVE Prog Det
Temperature LinStatic Zero Prog Det TEMPERATURE Prog Det
FINISHES LinStatic Zero Prog Det SUPER DEAD Prog Det
SOIL LinStatic Zero Prog Det OTHER Prog Det
Page 45
Table: Load Pattern Definitions

LoadPat DesignType SelfWtMult AutoLoad GUID Notes
DEAD DEAD 1.000000

LIVE LIVE 0.000000
WaterC1 PATTERN LIVE 0.000000
FINISHES SUPER DEAD 0.000000
SOIL OTHER 0.000000
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 0.000000
Table: Material Properties 01 - General

Table: Material Properties 01 - General
Material Type SymType TempDepend Color GUID Notes
25 Concrete Isotropic No Red Customary f'c 4000 psi 27/02/2013 10:43:06 AM

A615Gr60 Rebar Uniaxial No White ASTM A615 Grade 60 27/02/2013 10:52:13 AM
A992Fy50 Steel Isotropic No Cyan ASTM A992 Grade 50 27/02/2013 10:43:06 AM
Table: Material Properties 02 - Basic Mechanical Properties

Table: Material Properties 02 - Basic Mechanical Properties
Material UnitWeight UnitMass E1 G12 U12 A1
KN/m3 KN-s2/m4 KN/m2 KN/m2 1/C
25 2.3563E+01 2.4028E+00 23750000.00 9895833.33 0.200000 9.9000E-06
A615Gr60 7.6973E+01 7.8490E+00 199947978.8 1.1700E-05
A992Fy50 7.6973E+01 7.8490E+00 199947978.8 76903068.77 0.300000 1.1700E-05
Table: Material Properties 03b - Concrete Data, Part 1 of 2

Material Fc LtWtConc SSCurveOpt SSHysType SFc SCap FinalSlope FAngle
KN/m2 Degrees
25 25000.00 No Mander Takeda 0.002219 0.005000 -0.100000 0.000

Table: Material Properties
03b - Concrete Data, Part 2
of 2
Material DAngle
Degrees
25 0.000
Page 46
Table: Material Properties 03e - Rebar Data, Part 1 of 2

Material Fy Fu EffFy EffFu SSCurveOpt SSHysType SHard SCap
KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2
A615Gr60 413685.47 620528.21 455054.02 682581.03 Simple Kinematic 0.010000 0.090000

Table: Material Properties 03e - Rebar
Data, Part 2 of 2
Material FinalSlope UseCTDef
A615Gr60 -0.100000 No
Page 47
LOADS ASSIGNMENT
Page 48
1) TOP SLAB
Page 49
SAP2000 3/9/13 16:56:36
1.725 KN/m^2
FINISHES LOAD ASSIGNMENT ON TOP SLAB
0.00 0.13 0.27 0.40 0.53 0.66 0.80 0.93 1.06 1.19 1.33 1.46 1.59 1.73
Page 50
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Uniform (FINISHES) (GLOBAL - Gravity) - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/9/13 16:59:45
1.198 KN/m^2
LIVE LOAD ASSIGNMENT ON TOP SLAB
0.00 0.09 0.18 0.28 0.37 0.46 0.55 0.65 0.74 0.83 0.92 1.01 1.11 1.20
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SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Uniform (LIVE) (GLOBAL - Gravity) - KN, m, C Units
2) BOTTOM SLAB
Page 52
SAP2000 3/12/13 14:18:50
48 KN/m2
WATER LOAD ASSIGNMENT IN COMPARTMENT -1

48 KN/m2
48 KN/m2

0.0 3.7 7.4 11.1 14.8 18.5 22.2 25.8 29.5 33.2 36.9 40.6 44.3 48.0
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-11-03-13 - Area Uniform (Water C2) (GLOBAL - Gravity) - KN, m, C Units
Page 53
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:24:07
1.198 KN/m^2
FINISHES LOAD ASSIGNMENT ON BASE SLAB
0.00 0.13 0.27 0.40 0.53 0.66 0.80 0.93 1.06 1.19 1.33 1.46 1.59 1.73 E-3
Page 54
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Uniform (FINISHES) (GLOBAL - Gravity) - N, mm, C Units
3) WALLS
Page 55
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:36:11
48.07 KN/m^2
LATERAL WATER PRESSURE ON WALLS OF

COMPARTMENT#1 (TOP FACE)
Page 56
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (Water C1) - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:38:23
48.07 KN/m^2

Page 57
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:39:49
48.07 KN/m^2

COMPARTMENT#2 (BOTTOM FACE)
Page 58
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Surface Pressure - Face Bottom (Water C2) - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:41:09
48.07 KN/m^2

Page 59
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:42:40
48.07 KN/m^2

COMPARTMENT#3 (BOTTOM FACE)
Page 60
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Surface Pressure - Face Bottom (Water C3) - KN, m, C Units
SAP2000 3/12/13 15:43:58
9.43 KN/m^2
LATERAL SOIL PRESSURE ON WALLS (1 m DEPTH)
Page 61
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank UPDATED (f'c = 25 Mpa) - Area Surface Pressure - Face Bottom (SOIL) - KN, m, C Units
DESIGN OUTPUT
Page 62
1) PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK
Page 63
PUNCHING SHEAR OF BASE SLAB
APPLIED MOMENT MOMENT CIRITICAL MOMENT OF MOMENT OF GOVERNING GOVERNING

COLUMN EFFECTIVE SLAB
SHEAR ALONX X-AXIS ALONX Y-AXIS PERIMTER INERTIA ABOUT INERTIA ABOUT PUNCHING SHEAR CONCRETE SHEAR D/C RATIO STATUS
LABEL THICKNESS 'mm'
FORCE 'KN' 'KN-m' 'KN-m' 'mm' X-AXIS 'mm^4' Y-AXIS 'mm^4' 'N/mm^2' CAPACITY 'N/mm^2'
1 -641.471 -13.6383 -4.2092 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.446430168 1.25 0.357144134 SAFE
2 -564.903 1.9921 -13.1509 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.392657718 1.25 0.314126175 SAFE
3 -564.903 -1.9921 -13.1509 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.392657718 1.25 0.314126175 SAFE
4 -641.471 13.6383 -4.2092 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.446430168 1.25 0.357144134 SAFE
5 -563.129 -19.5604 2.9249 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.397668639 1.25 0.318134911 SAFE
6 -488.864 0.1641 -18.2533 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.34429282 1.25 0.275434256 SAFE
7 -488.864 -0.1638 -18.2535 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.344292736 1.25 0.275434189 SAFE
8 -563.129 19.5604 2.9249 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.397668639 1.25 0.318134911 SAFE
9 -576.348 -23.0742 -6.1931 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.412288014 1.25 0.329830411 SAFE
10 -498.533 -0.3853 29.1768 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.360211271 1.25 0.288169017 SAFE
11 -498.533 0.3853 29.1768 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.360211271 1.25 0.288169017 SAFE
12 -576.348 23.0742 -6.1931 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.412288014 1.25 0.329830411 SAFE
13 -576.348 -23.0742 6.1931 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.412288014 1.25 0.329830411 SAFE
14 -498.533 -0.3853 -29.1767 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.360211187 1.25 0.28816895 SAFE
15 -498.533 0.3853 -29.1767 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.360211187 1.25 0.28816895 SAFE
16 -576.348 23.0742 6.1931 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.412288014 1.25 0.329830411 SAFE
17 -563.129 -19.5604 -2.9249 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.397668639 1.25 0.318134911 SAFE
18 -488.864 0.1639 18.2537 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.344292989 1.25 0.275434391 SAFE
19 -488.864 -0.164 18.2537 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.344293074 1.25 0.275434459 SAFE
20 -563.129 19.5604 -2.9249 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.397668639 1.25 0.318134911 SAFE
21 -641.471 -13.6383 4.2092 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.446430168 1.25 0.357144134 SAFE
22 -564.903 1.9921 13.151 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.392657803 1.25 0.314126242 SAFE
23 -564.903 -1.9921 13.151 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.392657803 1.25 0.314126242 SAFE
24 -641.471 13.6383 4.2092 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.446430168 1.25 0.357144134 SAFE
Page 64
PUNCHING SHEAR OF TOP SLAB

SHEAR FORCE ALONX X-AXIS ALONX Y-AXIS PERIMTER INERTIA ABOUT INERTIA ABOUT PUNCHING SHEAR CONCRETE SHEAR D/C RATIO STATUS
'KN' 'KN-m' 'KN-m' 'mm' X-AXIS 'mm^4' Y-AXIS 'mm^4' 'N/mm^2' CAPACITY 'N/mm^2'
1 -681.881 4.2897 -3.0393 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.859038908 1.25 0.687231127 SAFE
2 -612.636 -0.073 -11.2622 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.780783847 1.25 0.624627077 SAFE
3 -612.636 0.073 -11.2622 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.780783847 1.25 0.624627077 SAFE
4 -681.881 -4.2897 -3.0393 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.859038908 1.25 0.687231127 SAFE
5 -603.54 13.9267 -7.9248 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.789389579 1.25 0.631511663 SAFE
6 -533.206 -1.4749 -9.5005 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.681651055 1.25 0.545320844 SAFE
7 -533.206 1.4749 -9.5005 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.681651055 1.25 0.545320844 SAFE
8 -603.54 -13.9267 -7.9248 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.789389579 1.25 0.631511663 SAFE
9 -616.758 16.4178 13.124 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.820310971 1.25 0.656248777 SAFE
10 -535.489 -2.1835 14.5225 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.695313996 1.25 0.556251197 SAFE
11 -535.489 2.1835 14.5225 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.695313996 1.25 0.556251197 SAFE
12 -616.758 -16.4178 13.124 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.820310971 1.25 0.656248777 SAFE
13 -616.758 16.4178 -13.124 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.820310971 1.25 0.656248777 SAFE
14 -535.489 -2.1835 -14.5225 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.695313996 1.25 0.556251197 SAFE
15 -535.489 2.1835 -14.5225 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.695313996 1.25 0.556251197 SAFE
16 -616.758 -16.4178 -13.124 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.820310971 1.25 0.656248777 SAFE
17 -603.54 13.9267 7.9248 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.789389579 1.25 0.631511663 SAFE
18 -533.206 -1.4749 9.5005 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.681651055 1.25 0.545320844 SAFE
19 -533.206 1.4749 9.5005 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.681651055 1.25 0.545320844 SAFE
20 -603.54 -13.9267 7.9248 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.789389579 1.25 0.631511663 SAFE
21 -681.881 4.2897 3.0393 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.859038908 1.25 0.687231127 SAFE
22 -612.636 -0.073 11.2622 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.780783847 1.25 0.624627077 SAFE
23 -612.636 0.073 11.2622 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.780783847 1.25 0.624627077 SAFE
24 -681.881 -4.2897 3.0393 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.859038908 1.25 0.687231127 SAFE
Page 65
2) ONE-WAY SHEAR CHECK
Page 66
ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK
CONCRETE
EFFECTIVE APPLIED SHEAR 'Vu' KN
COMPRESSIVE CONCRETE SHEAR
COMPONENT DEPTH 'd' STATUS
STRENGTH 'f'c' STRENGTH 'ɸVc' KN
mm X-DIRECTION Y-DIRECTION
N/mm^2
TOP SLAB 234 25 146.25 85 90 OK
BASE SLAB 409 25 255.625 90 95 OK
EXTERIOR LONGER
234 25 146.25 65 105 OK
WALL
EXTERIOR
234 25 146.25 70 95 OK
SHORTER WALL
TYPICAL INTERNAL
234 25 146.25 45 105 OK
WALL
Page 67
3) FLEXURE DESIGN
Page 68
DESIGN STRIP ASSIGNMENT OF TOP AND BASE
SLABS
Page 69
a) TOP SLAB REQINFORCEMENT
i) VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
DESIGN STRIP BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT TOP REINFORCEMENT

S.NO LOCATION
STRIP WIDTH 'm' REQUIRED PROVIDED STATUS REQUIRED PROVIDED STATUS
AT EXTERNAL WALL 12dia @ 226 c/c(0.5) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
1 CS1 1662.5 AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 251 c/c(0.45) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 804 c/c(0.25) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
AT MIDDLE 12dia @ 205 c/c(0.55) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 574 c/c(0.35) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
2 MS1 3325 AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 161 c/c(0.7) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 251 c/c(0.8) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
AT EXTERNAL WALL 12dia @ 141 c/c(0.8) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) ~ OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
3 CS2 3412.5 AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 150 c/c(0.75) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 83 c/c(2.4) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) ~ OK
AT MIDDLE 12dia @ 141 c/c(0.8) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) ~ OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
AT EXTERNAL WALL 12dia @ 141 c/c(0.8) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) ~ OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
AT MIDDLE 12dia @ 141 c/c(0.8) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) ~ OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
7 CS4 3325 AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 251 c/c(0.45) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 574 c/c(0.35) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
i) HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

S.NO LOCATION
AT INTENAL WALL 12dia @ 173 c/c(0.65) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 251 c/c(0.80) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
1 CS1 1537.5
AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 205 c/c(0.55) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 446 c/c(0.45) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
2 MS1 3075
3 CS2 3037.5
AT COLUMNS 12dia @ 161 c/c(0.70) 12dia @ 150 c/c (0.75) OK 16dia @ 95 c/c(2.1) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) ~ OK
4 MS2 3000
5 CS3 3000
6 MS3 3000
Page 70
b) BASE SLAB DESIGN
i) VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT

S.NO LOCATION
AT EXTERNAL WALL 16dia @ 365 c/c(0.55) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @ 287 c/c(0.7) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
1 CS1 1662.5 AT COLUMNS 16dia @ 446 c/c(0.45) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
AT MIDDLE 16dia @ 446 c/c(0.45) 16dia @ 200c/c (1.01) OK 16dia @287 c/c(0.7) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
2 MS1 3325 AT COLUMNS 16dia @ 287 c/c(0.70) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @309 c/c(0.65) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
AT MIDDLE 16dia @ 365 c/c(0.55) 16dia @ 200c/c (1.01) OK 16dia @ 251 c/c(0.8) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
3 CS2 3412.5 AT COLUMNS 16dia @ 121 c/c(1.65) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @287 c/c(0.7) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
7 CS4 3325 AT COLUMNS 16dia @ 446 c/c(0.45) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @ 402 c/c(0.5) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
AT MIDDLE 16dia @309 c/c(0.65) 16dia @ 200c/c (1.01) OK 16dia @ 251 c/c(0.8) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
i) HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT

S.NO LOCATION
AT INTENAL WALL 16dia @ 201 c/c(1.0) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @ 268 c/c(0.75) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
1 CS1 1537.5
AT COLUMNS 16dia @ 309 c/c(0.65) 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 200 c/c (2.58) OK 16dia @ 365 c/c(0.55) 16dia @ 200 c/c (1.01) OK
2 MS1 3075
3 CS2 3037.5
4 MS2 3000
5 CS3 3000
6 MS3 3000
Page 71
c) WALLS REINFORCEMENT
WALL W1&W2 WALL W3 & W5 WALL W4

PARAMETER
REQUIRED PROVIDED STATUS REQUIRED PROVIDED STATUS REQUIRED PROVIDED STATUS
AS1 16dia @ 138 c/c(1.45) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK 16dia @ 211 c/c(0.95) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK 16dia @ 121 c/c(1.65) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia @ 16dia @ 200 c/c + 20dia
AS3 16dia @ 211 c/c(0.95) OK 16dia @ 236 c/c(0.85) OK 16dia @ 121 c/c(1.65) 16dia @ 100 c/c (2.01) OK
200 c/c (2.58) @ 200 c/c (2.58)
AS5 (OUTER FACE
12dia @ 173 c/c(0.65) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK
CORNER)
12dia @ 200 c/c(0.565) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) OK 12dia @ 107 c/c(1.05) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK
AS5 (OUTER FACE
INTERIOR)
AS5 (OUTER FACE
12dia @ 160 c/c(0.70) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK 12dia @ 205 c/c(0.55) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) OK 12dia @ 226 c/c(0.50) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) OK
CENTER)
AS5 (INNER FACE
CORNER)
12dia @ 80 c/c(1.4) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK 12dia @ 107 c/c(1.05) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK
AS5 (INNER FACE
INTERIOR)
AS5 (INNER FACE
12dia @ 160 c/c(0.70) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) NOT OK 12dia @ 251 c/c(0.45) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) OK 12dia @ 226 c/c(0.50) 12dia @ 200 c/c (0.565) OK
CENTER)
Page 72
Page 73
ADDITIONAL HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENT IN WALLS
4) COLUMN DESIGN
Page 74
SAP2000 3/14/13 16:15:27
COLUMN - REQUIRED STEEL %
REQUIRED STEEL = 1.0%

PROVIDED STEEL = 1.5%
STATUS = SAFE
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-11-03-13 - Longitudinal Rebar (Percentage) - KN, m, C Units

Page 75
BEARING PRESSURE CHECK
Page 76
9.1 BEARING PRESSURE
Maximum Spring Reaction of 132.583 KN occurs at Joint 279, 1188 and 1287, 122
9.1.1 JOINT# 279
- Maximum Spring Reaction = 132.583 KN

- Joint Mesh Catchment Area = (0.665+0.665) x (0.615 + 0.615)
= (1.33) x (1.23)
= 1.6359 m2
- Joint Bearing Pressure = 132.583/1.6359
2
= 81.046 KN/m
- Allowable Bearing Pressure = 100 KN/m2 > 81.1 KN/m2 (SAFE)
9.1.2 JOINT# 1188

= (1.33) x (1.23)
= 1.6359 m2
2
= 81.046 KN/m
9.1.3 JOINT# 1287

= (1.33) x (1.23)
= 1.6359 m2
2
= 81.046 KN/m
Page 77
9.1.4 JOINT# 122

= (1.33) x (1.23)
= 1.6359 m2
2
= 81.046 KN/m
Page 78
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Page 79
STRUCTURAL DESIGN BRIEF
Page 80
10.1 DESIGN CRITERIA
For the Seismic design of tank, the standard prescribed procedure as given in ACI-350.3-
01 “Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures” has been adopted for the
calculations. A detailed calculation for the impulsive and convective forces induced by
the contained liquid during an earthquake event has been included in this report and these
forces are then applied on the walls in the SAP model. The walls have been checked and
design for the load combinations as given in ACI-350-01. A summary of design output
has also been included in this report
10.2 MATERIALS
10.2.1 CONCRETE
Minimum specified Cylindrical Compressive Strength @ 28 days,

f’c = 3.6 Ksi = 25 MPa
10.2.2 REINFORCEMENT
HIGH YIELD DEFORMED BARS ASTMA615: fy = 60 Ksi = 413 MPa
10.3 CODES AND STANDARDS
The following Design Codes are being utilized in the design of the tank,
ACI 350-01: CODE REQUIREMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE STRUCTIRES STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
ACI 350.3-01: SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIQUID CONTAINING CONCRETE

STRUCTURES
Page 81
10.4 LOADING
10.4.1 DEAD LOADS
- Self Weight of Structure

- Finishes on Top Slab = 1.725 KN/m2 (75mm th.)
- Finishes on Base Slab = 1.198 KN/m2 (50 mm th.)
10.4.2 LIVE LOADS
- Live Load on Top Slab = 1.198 KN/m2

- Water Load on Base Slab = 9.81 x 4.9 = 48 KN/m2
10.4.3 LATERAL WATER LOADS
- Lateral Water Load On Walls = γxh = 9.81 x 4.9

= 48 KN/m2
10.4.4 LATERAL SOIL LOADS
- Lateral Soil Load On Walls ( Upto 1m Height) = Caxγxh = 0.5x18.85x1

= 9.4 KN/m2
10.4.5 TEMPERATURE LOAD
- Uniform Temperature Load @ 25°C.
10.4.6 LATERAL SEISMIC PRESSURE
Lateral Seismic loads are calculated as per ACI 350.3 -01.
Page 82
10.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS
Combinations are based on ACI 350-01.
10.5.1 NOTATIONS
D: Self Weight + All Super Imposed Dead Loads

L: Live Loads
H: Loads Due to Pressure of Soil
F: Loads Due to Pressure of Fluids
T: Loads Due to Temperature
E: Loads Due to Earthquake
10.5.2 COMBINATIONS
SERVICE ULTIMATE
SER1: D + L ULT1: 1.4D + 1.7L

SER2: D + L + F ULT2: 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7F
SER3: D + L + H ULT3: 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7H
SER4: D + H ULT4: 0.9D + 1.7H
SER5: D + L + H + F ULT5: 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7H + 1.7F
SER6: D + H + F ULT6: 0.9D + 1.7H + 1.7F
SER7: D + F ULT7: 0.9D + 1.7F
SER8: D + T + L ULT8: 0.75(1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L)
SER9: D + T ULT9: 1.4(D + T)
SER10: D+T+L+F ULT10: 0.75(1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L + 1.7F)
SER11: D + T + F ULT11: 1.4(D + T) + 1.7F
SER12: D + L + E + F) ULT12: 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L ± 1.87E + 1.7F)
SER13: D + E + F ULT13: 0.9D ± 1.43E + 1.7F
10.6 MEMBER SIZES
- Thickness of Top Slab = 300 mm

- Thickness of Base Slab = 500 mm
- Thickness of Walls = 475 mm
- Column Size = 500 mm x 500 mm (8 supporting columns in
each compartment)
Page 83
SAP2000 INPUT DATA
Page 84


Page 85


Page 86


Page 87


Page 88


ULT48 Linear Static EQX1 1.400000
ULT55 Linear Static EQY1 1.400000
Page 89


ULT62 Linear Static EQX1 -1.400000
Page 90


ULT69 Linear Static EQY1 -1.400000
Page 91


Page 92


Page 93


Page 94


ULTENV Envelope No Response Combo ULT1 1.000000 None
Page 95


Page 96


Case Type InitialCond ModalCase BaseCase DesTypeOpt DesignType DesActOpt
DEAD LinStatic Zero Prog Det DEAD Prog Det

MODAL LinModal Zero Prog Det OTHER Prog Det
LIVE LinStatic Zero Prog Det LIVE Prog Det
Temperature LinStatic Zero Prog Det TEMPERATURE Prog Det
FINISHES LinStatic Zero Prog Det SUPER DEAD Prog Det
SOIL LinStatic Zero Prog Det OTHER Prog Det
EQX1 LinStatic Zero Prog Det QUAKE Prog Det
EQY1 LinStatic Zero Prog Det QUAKE Prog Det
EQX-NB LinStatic Zero Prog Det QUAKE Prog Det
EQY-NB LinStatic Zero Prog Det QUAKE Prog Det

LoadPat DesignType SelfWtMult AutoLoad GUID Notes
DEAD DEAD 1.000000

LIVE LIVE 0.000000
FINISHES SUPER DEAD 0.000000
SOIL OTHER 0.000000
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE 0.000000
EQX1 QUAKE 0.000000 None
EQY1 QUAKE 0.000000 None
EQX-NB QUAKE 0.000000 UBC97
EQY-NB QUAKE 0.000000 UBC97
Page 97
SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS
Page 98
SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIQUID CONTAINING STRUCTURES (ACI 350.3 - 01)
Input:
Z 0.2 Table 4a B 20 m
S 1.5 Table 4b L 30 m
I 1 Table 4c HL 4.9 m
Rwi 2.75 Table 4d Wall Th. 0.3 m
Rwc 1 Table 4d Top slab 0.3 m
Bott. slab 0.5 m
L x
H HL
PLAN SECTION
Dynamic Lateral Forces:

Pw = Z S I Ci εWw / Rwi (4-1)
Pw' = Z S I Ci εWw' / Rwi (4-1a)
Pr = Z S I Ci Wr / Rwi (4-2)
Pi = Z S I Ci Wi / Rwi (4-3)
Pc = Z S I Cc Wc / Rwc (4-4)
For Ti < 0.31 s
Ci = 2.75/S (9-31)
For Ti > 0.31 s
Ci = 1.25 / Ti 2/3 ≤ 2.75 / S (9-32)

2
Cc = 6 / Tc (9-33)
Ci or Cc may be conservatively taken as 2.75 / S

Therefore,
Ci = Cc = 2.75/S (9-31)
Ci = Cc = 1.833
2
ε = 0.0151 ( L / HL) - 0.1908 ( L / HL) + 1.021 ≤ 1.0 (9-34)
ε = 0.419 for EQY
= 0.494 for EQX
Page 99
Ww mass of tank wall

Ww' mass of one wall perpendicular to the direction of earthquake force
Wr mass of tank roof plus superimposed load
Wi equivalent mass of impulsive component of stored liquid
Wc equivalent mass of convective component of stored liquid
Ww = 3528.0 KN
Ww' = 705.6 KN for EQY

Ww' = 1058.4 KN for EQX
Wr = self wt. + superimposed

Wr = 4320.0 + 1755.00
Wr = 6075.0 KN
WL = 28841.4 KN
Wi / W L = Tanh(0.866*L/HL)/(0.866*L/HL)
= 0.189 for EQY
= 0.282 for EQX
Wi = 5439.409 KN for EQY

= 8145.647 KN for EQX
Wc / W L = 0.264*(L/HL)*(Tanh(3.16*(HL/L)))
= 0.767 for EQY
= 0.700 for EQX
Wc = 22129.6 KN for EQY

= 20181.0 KN for EQX
Pw = 295.5 KN hw = 2.45 m
Pw' = 59.1 KN for EQY
88.7 KN for EQX
Pr = 1215.0 KN hr = 5.05 m
Pi = 1087.9 KN for EQY hi = 1.8375 m

= 1629.1 KN for EQX
Pc = 12171.3 KN for EQY m

hc = 2.50297784717699
= 11099.6 KN for EQX hc = 2.56545902544449
m
Total Base Shear
Vb = √ {(Pw + Pr + Pi)2 + (Pc)2}

Vb = 12398.4 KN for EQY
Vb = 11480.5 KN for EQX
Page 100
hi / HL = 0.375 (9-4)
hc / HL = 1-((COSH(3.16*(HL/L))-1))/(3.16*(HL/L)*SINH(3.16*(HL/L)))
hc / HL = 0.511 for EQY (9-5)
= 0.524 for EQX
Vertical Acceleration:
pvy = ü q hy (4-14)
ü = Z S I Cv b / Rwi (4-15)
For rectangular tank, Cv = 1
& b= 2/3
ü = 0.073
pvy = 1.748 KN/m
Dynamic load distribution:
Walls perpendicular to the earthquake force and in the leading half of the tank shall be loaded perpendicular
to their plane (dimension B or L) by
a) the wall's own inertia force, Pw'
b) one half the impulsive force, Pi
c) one half the convective force, Pc
Walls perpendicular to the earthquake force and in the trailing half of the tank shall be loaded perpendicular
to their plane (dimension L) by
a) the wall's own inertia force, Pw'
b) one half the impulsive force, Pi
c) one half the convective force, Pc
d) the dynamic earth and ground water pressure against the burried portion of the wall.
Superimposed on these lateral unbalanced forces shall be the lateral hydrodynamic force resulting from the
hydrodynamic pressure due to the effect of vertical acceleration pvy acting on each wall.
Py = √ (Piy + Pwy)2 + (Pcy)2 + (Pvy*L or B)2 (5-1)
Piy = (Pi /2) * [ 4 HL - 6 hi - (6 HL - 12 hi) ( y/HL )] / HL2
Pcy = (Pc /2) * [ 4 HL - 6 hc - (6 HL - 12 hc) ( y/HL )] / HL2
Page 101
X-DIRECTION
Y Piy Pcy Pwy Pvy* L Py Py / L qhy / L
4.90 0 0 0 0
4.90 41.56 1292.73 18.09 0.00 1294.11 43.14 0.00
4.41 66.50 1260.71 18.09 10.49 1263.59 42.12 4.81
3.92 91.43 1228.68 18.09 20.98 1233.73 41.12 9.61
3.43 116.37 1196.66 18.09 31.46 1204.60 40.15 14.42
2.94 141.30 1164.63 18.09 41.95 1176.24 39.21 19.23
2.45 166.24 1132.61 18.09 52.44 1148.71 38.29 24.03
1.96 191.17 1100.58 18.09 62.93 1122.07 37.40 28.84
1.47 216.11 1068.56 18.09 73.41 1096.38 36.55 33.65
0.98 241.04 1036.53 18.09 83.90 1071.72 35.72 38.46
0.49 265.98 1004.51 18.09 94.39 1048.16 34.94 43.26
0.00 290.92 972.48 18.09 104.88 1025.77 34.19 48.07
0.00 0 0 0 0
6.0 6.0
5.0 5.0
4.0 4.0
3.0 3.0
qhy / L Py / L
2.0 2.0
1.0 1.0
0.0 0.0
0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60
Y-DIRECTION
Y Piy Pcy Pwy Pvy* B Py Py / B qhy / B
4.90 0 0
4.90 41.56 1322.54 12.06 0.00 1323.62 66.18 0.00
4.41 66.50 1306.42 12.06 6.99 1308.80 65.44 4.81
3.92 91.43 1290.31 12.06 13.98 1294.53 64.73 9.61
3.43 116.37 1274.20 12.06 20.98 1280.82 64.04 14.42
2.94 141.30 1258.08 12.06 27.97 1267.70 63.39 19.23
2.45 166.24 1241.97 12.06 34.96 1255.19 62.76 24.03
1.96 191.17 1225.86 12.06 41.95 1243.30 62.16 28.84
1.47 216.11 1209.74 12.06 48.94 1232.04 61.60 33.65
0.98 241.04 1193.63 12.06 55.93 1221.45 61.07 38.46
0.49 265.98 1177.51 12.06 62.93 1211.53 60.58 43.26
0.00 290.92 1161.40 12.06 69.92 1202.30 60.12 48.07
0.00 0 0
6.0 6.0
5.0 5.0
4.0 4.0
3.0 3.0
Py / B
qhy / B
2.0 2.0
1.0 1.0
0.0 0.0
0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 80
Page 102
SEISMIC LOAD ASSIGNMENT
Page 103
SAP2000 3/23/13 11:30:12
LATERAL SEISMIC PRESSURE IN X-DIRECTION ON WALLS

OF COMPARTMENT#1 (TOP FACE)
Page 104
SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-19-03-13 (with EARTHQUAKE + durability factor) WITH SERVICE COMBO - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (EQX1) - KN, m,
SAP2000 3/23/13 11:32:49

OF COMPARTMENT#1 (BOTTOM FACE)
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SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-19-03-13 (with EARTHQUAKE + durability factor) WITH SERVICE COMBO - Area Surface Pressure - Face Bottom (EQX1) - KN,
SAP2000 3/23/13 11:34:07

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SAP2000 3/23/13 11:35:03

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SAP2000 3/23/13 11:36:13
LATERAL SEISMIC PRESSURE IN Y-DIRECTION ON WALLS

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SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-19-03-13 (with EARTHQUAKE + durability factor) WITH SERVICE COMBO - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (EQY1) - KN, m,
SAP2000 3/23/13 11:36:55

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SAP2000 v15.1.0 - File:Water Tank-19-03-13 (with EARTHQUAKE + durability factor) WITH SERVICE COMBO - Area Surface Pressure - Face Bottom (EQY1) - KN,
SAP2000 3/23/13 11:37:42

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SAP2000 3/23/13 11:38:35

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SAP2000 3/23/13 11:39:31

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SAP2000 3/23/13 11:40:10

Page 113
DESIGN OUTPUT
Page 114
1) PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK
Page 115
PUNCHING SHEAR OF TOP SLAB

SHEAR FORCE ALONX X-AXIS ALONX Y-AXIS PERIMTER INERTIA ABOUT INERTIA ABOUT PUNCHING SHEAR CONCRETE SHEAR D/C RATIO STATUS
'KN' 'KN-m' 'KN-m' 'mm' X-AXIS 'mm^4' Y-AXIS 'mm^4' 'N/mm^2' CAPACITY 'N/mm^2'
1 -784.54 3.5823 -4.9114 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.988485384 1.416666667 0.697754389 SAFE
2 -706.614 0.0527 -15.1453 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.904570834 1.416666667 0.638520589 SAFE
3 -706.614 -0.0527 -15.1453 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.904570834 1.416666667 0.638520589 SAFE
4 -784.54 -3.5823 -4.9113 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.988485195 1.416666667 0.697754256 SAFE
5 -694.119 15.6161 -8.2276 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.905427341 1.416666667 0.639125182 SAFE
6 -615.228 -1.6338 -10.1137 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.784776019 1.416666667 0.553959543 SAFE
7 -615.228 1.6338 -10.1137 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.784776019 1.416666667 0.553959543 SAFE
8 -694.119 -15.6161 -8.2276 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.905427341 1.416666667 0.639125182 SAFE
9 -709.826 18.8147 14.8233 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.943411245 1.416666667 0.66593735 SAFE
10 -621.825 0.8476 -16.3802 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.803312946 1.416666667 0.567044432 SAFE
11 -621.825 -0.8476 -16.3802 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.803312946 1.416666667 0.567044432 SAFE
12 -709.826 -18.8147 14.8233 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.943411245 1.416666667 0.66593735 SAFE
13 -709.826 18.8147 -14.8233 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.943411245 1.416666667 0.66593735 SAFE
14 -621.825 0.8476 16.3802 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.803312946 1.416666667 0.567044432 SAFE
15 -621.825 -0.8476 16.3802 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.803312946 1.416666667 0.567044432 SAFE
16 -709.826 -18.8147 -14.8233 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.943411245 1.416666667 0.66593735 SAFE
17 -694.119 15.6161 8.2276 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.905427341 1.416666667 0.639125182 SAFE
18 -615.228 -1.6338 10.1137 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.784776019 1.416666667 0.553959543 SAFE
19 -615.228 1.6338 10.1137 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.784776019 1.416666667 0.553959543 SAFE
20 -694.119 -15.6161 8.2276 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.905427341 1.416666667 0.639125182 SAFE
21 -784.54 3.5823 4.9113 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.988485195 1.416666667 0.697754256 SAFE
22 -706.614 0.0527 15.1453 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.904570834 1.416666667 0.638520589 SAFE
23 -706.614 -0.0527 15.1453 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.904570834 1.416666667 0.638520589 SAFE
24 -784.54 -3.5823 4.9113 264 3056 80828999680 80828999680 0.988485195 1.416666667 0.697754256 SAFE
Page 116
PUNCHING SHEAR OF BASE SLAB

SHEAR ALONX X-AXIS ALONX Y-AXIS PERIMTER INERTIA ABOUT INERTIA ABOUT PUNCHING SHEAR CONCRETE SHEAR D/C RATIO STATUS
FORCE 'KN' 'KN-m' 'KN-m' 'mm' X-AXIS 'mm^4' Y-AXIS 'mm^4' 'N/mm^2' CAPACITY 'N/mm^2'
1 -744.13 -14.4715 -3.42 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.515499248 1.416666667 0.363881822 SAFE
2 -657.311 2.2179 -13.7396 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.455484657 1.416666667 0.321518581 SAFE
3 -657.311 -2.2179 -13.7396 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.455484657 1.416666667 0.321518581 SAFE
4 -744.13 14.4715 -3.42 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.515499248 1.416666667 0.363881822 SAFE
5 -653.708 -21.9364 2.4243 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.460162087 1.416666667 0.324820297 SAFE
6 -571.372 0.9616 -13.0653 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.396064684 1.416666667 0.279575071 SAFE
7 -571.372 -0.9616 -13.0653 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.396064684 1.416666667 0.279575071 SAFE
8 -653.708 21.9364 2.4243 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.460162087 1.416666667 0.324820297 SAFE
9 -669.415 -26.4424 -6.7661 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.478199974 1.416666667 0.337552923 SAFE
10 -581.414 0.2414 26.2736 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.413369052 1.416666667 0.291789919 SAFE
11 -581.414 -0.2414 26.2736 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.413369052 1.416666667 0.291789919 SAFE
12 -669.415 26.4424 -6.7661 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.478199974 1.416666667 0.337552923 SAFE
13 -669.415 -26.4424 6.7661 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.478199974 1.416666667 0.337552923 SAFE
14 -581.414 0.2414 -26.2736 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.413369052 1.416666667 0.291789919 SAFE
15 -581.414 -0.2414 -26.2736 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.413369052 1.416666667 0.291789919 SAFE
16 -669.415 26.4424 6.7661 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.478199974 1.416666667 0.337552923 SAFE
17 -653.708 -21.9364 -2.4243 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.460162087 1.416666667 0.324820297 SAFE
18 -571.372 0.9616 13.0653 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.396064684 1.416666667 0.279575071 SAFE
19 -571.372 -0.9616 13.0653 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.396064684 1.416666667 0.279575071 SAFE
20 -653.708 21.9364 -2.4243 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.460162087 1.416666667 0.324820297 SAFE
21 -744.13 -14.4714 3.42 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.515499164 1.416666667 0.363881763 SAFE
22 -657.311 2.2179 13.7396 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.455484657 1.416666667 0.321518581 SAFE
23 -657.311 -2.2179 13.7396 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.455484657 1.416666667 0.321518581 SAFE
24 -744.13 14.4714 3.42 409 3636 2.15162E+11 2.15162E+11 0.515499164 1.416666667 0.363881763 SAFE
Page 115
2) ONE-WAY SHEAR CHECK
Page 116
ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK
CONCRETE CONCRETE
APPLIED SHEAR ‘VU’ KN
EFFECTIVE COMPRESSIVE SHEAR
COMPONENT STATUS
DEPTH ‘d’ mm STRENGTH STRENGTH
X-DIRECTION Y-DIRECTION
‘f’c’ N/mm2 ‘ɸVC’ KN
TOP SLAB 234 25 167.75 95 110 OK
BASE SLAB 409 25 289.70835 160 165 OK
EXTERIOR
234 25 167.75 150 285 NOT OK
LONGER WALL
EXTERIOR
234 25 167.75 120 205 NOT OK
SHORTER WALL
TYPICAL
234 25 167.75 135 240 NOT OK
INTERNAL WALL
The above results show that the thickness of walls is inadequate in one way shear,
So, the required thickness of walls will be,
VU ≤ ɸVC
VU = 0.85 x 0.16667 x ′ xbxd
285000 = 0.85 x 0.16667 x √25 x 1000 x d
d = 402 mm
h = d + cover + dia of bar
h = 402 + 50 + 16
h = 468 mm
So, the thickness of wall is found out to be 475 mm
Page 116

Raw Water Tank Design Report - 2

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2013

BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL

RAW WATER TANK

compartments to make each compartment of 20.3 x 30.3 x 5.3m. The thickness of

carried out in two phases:

Phase 1: At Hydrostatic gravity and temperature loadings

Phase 2: At Hydrodynamic (Seismic) with temperature loadings

in ACI-318-08 are used. In NESPAK design calculations Punching Shear and

observations as per A. A. Associates design:

- In Longer Wall W1 & W2, the vertical reinforcement is adequate on

both faces but the provided horizontal reinforcement is found deficient.

found adequate on both faces, but the horizontal reinforcement in

Walls W3, W4 & W5 is found inadequate at corners and at wall

in ACI-350.3-01 “Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures” has been

adopted for the calculations.

thickness are found overstressed in Shear and the provided reinforcement is

also highly deficient. The required thickness of walls is worked out to be

As explained earlier the horizontal reinforcement in the walls has

been found to be inadequate in Gravity Load Analysis. To rectify

i) Increase the amount of reinforcement in the walls by making

cuts and plastering the walls with epoxy concrete.

ii) Increasing the stability of the walls by providing counterforts

and a system of horizontal beams.

iii) Increasing the resistance of the walls by providing FRP

(Fibre Reinforced Plastic) strips externally on the walls in

If the alternative i) is adopted it would require difficult process of

base slab, walls and the top slab so as to strengthening the

structure. The procedure would be also expensive, difficult and

The third alternative of providing FRP would be simple and very

straight forward. FRP materials are being marketed in Pakistan by

M/s. SIKA and their agent can be contacted to provide the

calculations and details for strengthening the walls.

However the cracks which have appeared in the walls must be

rectified by injecting epoxy grout.

1.2.2 Catering for deficiency in earthquake condition

As explained above the walls do not have enough reserve capacity

to take up the loads due to earthquake excitation. The simple

method of countering the earthquake forces would be to embed the

and chambers to be raised upto the top of the tank. Additionally

bitumen coating shall be applied on the sides of the tanks so as to

provide additional protection.

A. A. Associates to carry out design check of the tank.

Minimum specified Cylindrical Compressive Strength @ 28 days,

HIGH YIELD DEFORMED BARS ASTMA615: fy = 60 Ksi = 413 MPa

3.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

ACI 318-08: BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

3.4 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

- Unit weight of Plain Cement Concrete = 22.62 KN/m2

3.5.1 DEAD LOADS

- Self Weight of Structure

3.5.2 LIVE LOADS

- Live Load on Top Slab = 1.198 KN/m2

3.5.3 LATERAL WATER LOADS

- Lateral Water Load On Walls = γxh = 9.81 x 4.9

3.5.4 LATERAL SOIL LOADS

- Lateral Soil Load On Walls ( Upto 1m Height) = Caxγxh = 0.5x18.85x1

3.5.5 TEMPERATURE LOAD

- Uniform Temperature Load @ 25°C.

Combinations are based on ACI 318-08.

D: Self Weight + All Super Imposed Dead Loads

SER1: D+F ULT1: 1.4 (D + F)

3.7 SOIL PARAMETERS