QCS PDF

QCS 2007 Section 6 Part 1 General Page 1
1. GENERAL ......................................................................................................2
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS & REGULATIONS ................................................2
1.2 BENCH MARKS AND MONUMENTS ............................................................2

1.2.1 General 2
1.2.2 Permanent Monuments 2
1.2.3 Setting Out 3
1.3 EXISTING GROUND LEVELS .......................................................................3
1.4 MATERIALS TESTING ..................................................................................4
1.5 NUCLEAR DENSITY TESTING DEVICES ....................................................4
1.6 TEMPORARY FENCING ...............................................................................4
1.7 ROAD OPENING ...........................................................................................5
1.8 CONCRETE WORKS ....................................................................................5
1.9 STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE..................................................5
1.10 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT .............................................................................5
1.11 ARMED FORCES ..........................................................................................5
Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

QCS 2007, 3rd Edition
1. GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS & REGULATIONS
1 The information given in this Part is supplemental to QCS Section 1 - General. Reference
should be made to Section 1 – General prior to referring to the clauses in this part of the
specification which cover specific requirements for roadworks and are additional to Section 1
- General.
2 The Government specifications, regulations, notices and circulars mentioned in QCS Section
1 – General are amended and complemented by this Specification as detailed hereafter. In
the case of any ambiguity or discrepancy the provisions of this Specification shall prevail over
the provisions of the aforementioned Government published specifications.
1.2 BENCH MARKS AND MONUMENTS
1.2.1 General
1 The Contractor shall consult the Survey Section of the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and
Agriculture prior to any earthworks or site clearance to determine if the work is likely to
disturb survey marks.
2 If the survey section require a survey mark to be moved the Contractor will be responsible for
recreating the survey mark to an approved design and specification, and for re surveying the
point using survey companies approved by the Survey Section.
3 On the Practical Completion of the Works the Survey Section will issue a certificate stating
that all survey marks, whether disturbed or otherwise, by the Contractor have been reinstated
or protected to the satisfaction of the Survey Section.
4 In the event of failure to comply with the requirements of this Clause the Government, without
prejudice to any other method of recovery, may deduct the costs of any remedial work after
the Practical Completion date, carried out by Survey Section from any monies in its hands
due to or which may become due to the Contractor.
5 All pertinent levels, lines and locations must be checked and verified by the Contractor before
commencing the Works.
1.2.2 Permanent Monuments
1 At the time of substantial completion of the whole of the works, a schedule and plan drawings
of all remaining Project related and supplementary bench marks and monuments shall be
prepared and transmitted to the Engineer. All project related bench marks and monuments
made permanent as above will be shown on the as-built plans, including the co-ordinates and
level information for each.
2 Certain bench marks and monuments determined by the Engineer shall be made into
permanent bench marks and monuments.
3 Fabrication and installation of bench marks and monuments shall be as shown on the
drawings or in the specifications and shall include attaching warning reflectors and painting if
required. Each bench mark and monument shall be set accurately at the required location
and elevation and in such manner as to ensure its being held firmly in place.
4 The Contractor may request the Engineer's approval for concrete monuments, markers and
posts supplied by an established commercial manufacturer, whose capability of producing
survey monuments has been well established by both testing and performance. Written
approval shall be obtained prior to installation of the units on the project.

1.2.3 Setting Out
1 The level datum for the works shall be the Qatar Datum as defined by the PWA.
2 The works shall be set out to the Qatar national grid as defined by the PWA. The Contractor
will be supplied with the details and grid reference of setting out monuments.
3 The works shall be set out in accordance with the standard specification of the PWA.
4 Before commencing the works the Contractor shall obtain from the Engineer all information
pertaining to project related bench marks and monuments bearing local grid co-ordinates.
5 After the Contractor takes possession of the Contract Drawings and has noted all the existing
bench marks, he shall carry out at his own expense the setting out of the works, definition of
levels, centre lines and slopes, all in accordance with the Drawings.
6 The Contractor shall be responsible for the true and proper setting out of the work in relation
to original points, lines and levels of references given in the Drawings and for the accuracy of
the positions, levels, dimensions and alignment of all parts of the work, and for any delay or
loss resulting from errors made in completing the setting out of the work.
7 The Contractor shall protect, preserve and be responsible for all existing bench narks, pegs
and boundary marks and shall keep these in place or replace them when necessary either in
their positions or in other approved positions.
8 Setting out shall be approved by the Engineer before commencing the Works, but such
approval shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the correct execution of
the works.
1.3 EXISTING GROUND LEVELS

1 The Contractor will survey cross-sections of the site prior to the commencement of works in
any section.
2 The Contractor shall include in his critical path programme the date by which survey work
should be completed in each section of the site. No works may commence in any section
prior to the programme date without the written approval of the Engineer.
3 Sections will be prepared at such intervals as are necessary to give a representative record
of existing conditions and in no case will the intervals exceed 50 metres.
4 The Engineer may choose to carry out his own survey of the site and in such cases will give
the Contractor 48 hours notice of his intention to carry out survey work in any particular
section of the Site.
5 The Contractor may nominate a representative to be present to observe the survey. If, having
been given such notice, the Contractor fails to appoint a representative or if the
representative should fail to be present during the survey work, the Engineer shall proceed
with the survey which shall be deemed to have been prepared in the presence of the
Contractor.
6 The Contractor shall prepare drawings showing the various cross-sections obtained from the
above survey.
7 The original of the drawings shall be signed by the Engineer and the Contractor as an agreed
record of the existing ground levels.
8 A copy transparency of each original drawing will then be given to the Engineer. These
drawings shall be deemed to be the Contract Drawings replacing the original.

1.4 MATERIALS TESTING

1 Reference should be made to the requirements for the provision of facilities and equipment
for the testing of materials given in Section 1.
2 In addition to these requirements the Contractor shall provide a fully equipped site laboratory
or shall arrange for materials and samples to be transported to the Central Laboratories and
Calibration Department - QS for testing or otherwise specified by the Engineer or the Project
Documentation.
3 In addition the Contractor shall provide suitable facilities at the asphalt batching plants to
enable the Engineer to carry out all necessary tests on the raw materials and mixes. Such
facilities will be subject to the Engineer's approval and the preparation of asphalt mixes shall
not be allowed until the facilities have been approved by the Engineer.
4 Approved equipment shall be maintained on site at all times to:

(a) Determine the laying and rolling temperature of bituminous materials.
(b) Check surface tolerance by using a straightedge and wedges or rolling straightedge.
(c) Carryout soil grading shape, classification, moisture content and compaction tests, as
required.
(d) Carryout in situ dry density tests.
(e) Carryout bitumen extraction
5 Equipment shall also be made available when required by the Engineer to take 150 mm
diameter cores from the carriageway.
6 The Engineer may require samples of materials to be delivered to the Qatar General
Organisation for Standards and Metrology (QS) for additional tests.
1.5 NUCLEAR DENSITY TESTING DEVICES

1 No person or company will be permitted to determine in-situ density by mean of a nuclear
density measuring device without complying with the following regulations:
(a) each device shall have a valid Calibration Certificate issued by the QS
(b) persons operating the device shall hold a valid authorised user certificate issued by the
QS
(c) during the operation of the device the person operating it and any assistants shall wear
a suitable film badge or a personal radiation warning alarm. Copies of radiation
exposure report of the film badges should be submitted on monthly basis to the QS
1.6 TEMPORARY FENCING
1 Temporary fencing shall be appropriate to the usage of the adjoining land and unless
otherwise described on the drawings may be of a type selected by the Contractor taking into
account the usage of the adjoining land subject to the approval of the Engineer.
2 As soon as the Contractor is placed in possession of any part of the site he shall immediately
erect fencing on the boundaries of the land as shown on the Drawings. In places where
permanent fencing cannot be erected immediately or where none is required, the Contractor
shall erect, and when and where required re-erect and maintain, temporary fencing and
subsequently take down and remove as necessary.
3 The Contractor shall not use barbed wire in areas accessible to the general public. Access
shall be made in temporary fencing as necessary for the use of the occupiers of adjacent
lands.
4 If temporary fencing is removed temporarily for the execution of any part of the Works it shall
be reinstated as soon as possible and in the meantime, subject and without prejudice to the
Conditions of Contract, the gap in the fencing shall be patrolled so that no unauthorised entry
onto adjoining land takes place.

5 Temporary fencing shall remain in position either until it is replaced by permanent fencing or
until its removal on completion of the Works, unless otherwise described in the contract or
directed by Engineer.
1.7 ROAD OPENING

1 Road openings shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures laid down in The Code
of Practice and Specification for Road Openings in the Highway, prepared by the Ministry of
Industry and Public Works, January 1992.
1.8 CONCRETE WORKS
1 All concrete works shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.
2 Concrete works shall include; mass concrete, reinforced concrete, in-situ concrete, precast
concrete and prestressed concrete.
3 Concrete works shall be deemed to include reinforcement, formwork and all the other
materials procedures and requirements covered by Section 5 - Concrete.
1.9 STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE

1 The standards, codes of practice and other reference documents referred to in the roadworks
section of the specification are listed in the first clause of each of the parts of the
specification.
2 Unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer a full set of these documents shall be provided by
the Contractor within 30 days of the commencement of the contract. These documents shall
be kept at the site and shall be available at all times for the use of the Engineer and his staff.
1.10 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

1 The Contractor shall comply with all instructions given by the Qatar Traffic Police in relation to
traffic management and road safety.
1.11 ARMED FORCES

1 The Contractor shall comply with all reasonable instructions given by the Qatar Armed Forces
to allow them access to the Works and with the PWA.
END OF PART

QCS 2007 Section 6 Part 2 Site Clearance Page 1
2. SITE CLEARANCE ........................................................................................2
2.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................2

2.1.1 Scope of Work 2
2.1.2 References 2
2.1.3 Submittals 2
2.2 PROTECTION TO EXISTING SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS ...............3
2.3 RECOVERY OF MATERIALS........................................................................4
2.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING ........................................................................4
2.5 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES ......................................................................4
2.6 REMOVAL OF STREET FURNITURE...........................................................5
2.7 REMOVAL OF FENCES ................................................................................5
2.8 REMOVAL OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS.......................................................6

2.8.1 General Requirements 6
2.8.2 Cutting Back Pavement 6
2.8.3 Stockpiling Asphalt Pavement 6
2.8.4 Stockpile Site 6
2.9 MEASURES FOR STATUTORY UNDERTAKERS........................................7
2.10 REMOVAL OR TREATMENT TO BURIED UTILITIES ..................................7

2.10.1 General 7
2.10.2 Underground Storage Tanks 7
2.10.3 Removal of Culverts 8
2.10.4 Abandoned Pipes and Culverts 8
2.10.5 Total Removal of Pipelines 8
2.10.6 Grouting of Pipelines 8
2.10.7 Plugging of Pipelines 9
2.10.8 Cut-off Walls and Capping Slabs 9
2.10.9 Manholes and Access Shafts 9
2.10.10 Drainage Inlets and Gullies 9
2.11 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS ..........................................................................9

2. SITE CLEARANCE
2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 Scope of Work
1 This Part includes:

(a) excavating for, demolishing and removing wholly or in part and disposing of designated
redundant pavements, fences, buildings, culverts, manholes, inlets, gullies, pipelines
or any other obstructions
(b) associated earthworks to uncover facilities to be demolished, removed or recovered
and to backfill and compact all trenches, holes, pits or excavations resultant from
demolition, removal and recovery works
(c) recovering designated materials for storage and reuse
(d) removing and, where required, recovery of designated water, gas and sewage
pipelines and fittings and of underground cables
(e) disposal of materials not recovered
(f) removal of vegetation and surface boulders and rocks.
2 Related Parts and Sections are as follows:
This Section:
Part 3, Earthworks
Part 5, Asphalt Works
Part 11, Works in Relation to Services
Section 2, Building Demolition
Section 5, Concrete
Section 8, Sewerage
Section 12, Earthworks Related to Buildings
2.1.2 References
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

BS 5228, Code of practice for noise control on construction and demolition sites
BS 6187, Code of practice for demolition
The Guide for Civil Users of Explosives in Qatar prepared by the former Ministry of Industry
and Public Works.
2.1.3 Submittals
1 Where existing services are to remain and are in close proximity to the works the Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer details of proposed measures to ensure that the existing
services are kept in a safe and stable condition for the duration of the Works.
2 Structures and installations to be dismantled or demolished shall be surveyed by the

Contractor to ascertain exposed constructional dimensions and details. The Contractor shall
prepare sketches of the structures and installations and submit these to the Engineer. This
information shall be used by the Engineer to confirm the scope of the dismantling or
demolition and confirm materials or equipment to be recovered.
3 The method of dismantling and demolition including the sequence of operations and any
special procedural requirements shall be submitted to the Engineer for consideration not less
than seven days before the work is due to begin. Demolition work shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 6187, and the submittal shall include information demonstrating the
Contractor’s proposed methods to attain compliance.
4 Before any blasting operation the Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement for the
work. Blasting work shall be carried out in accordance with The Guide for Civil Users of
Explosives in Qatar, prepared by the former Ministry of Industry and Public Works. Approvals

for blasting work shall be obtained as per the requirements of part 3 of the specification for
rock excavation.
5 The Contractor shall submit for approval his proposed method of grouting pipes to be
abandoned.
6 Before commencing work on the construction of reinforced concrete cut-off walls and
reinforced concrete capping slabs the Contractor shall submit details for the Engineer's
approval.
2.2 PROTECTION TO EXISTING SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS

1 The Contractor shall conduct his operations in such a manner as to avoid hazards to
persons, property and vehicles. After work is started on any structure, work on that structure
shall be continued to completion promptly and expeditiously.
2 Services to unused installations shall be safely disconnected before demolition. Notification

of disconnection shall be given to the appropriate authorities.
3 Drains, manholes and gullies that are to remain shall be protected and kept clear of debris at
all times. They shall be left clean and in working order.
4 Details of any underground caverns, chambers, wells or voids discovered during the
demolition operation shall be reported to the Engineer. Dangerous openings shall be
protected and illuminated.
5 Precautions shall be taken to prevent leakage or formation of flammable, explosive,

unhealthy or environmentally hazardous gas or vapour.
6 Pits, drains and manholes shall be checked before entry to ensure that the atmosphere is fit
for respiration.
7 The quantity of dust in the atmosphere shall be minimised by spraying the demolition works
with water.
8 The recommendations of BS 5228: Part 2 shall be followed in minimising noise and vibration.
Silencing devices on plant shall be fitted where practicable and ear defenders shall be
provided for site personnel where noisy machinery is used.
9 The location of any survey stations shall be reported to the Engineer. The Engineer may
require the Contractor to transfer existing survey stations to new locations and carry out a
survey to verify the level and co-ordinates of the new survey stations.
10 All existing structures, paving, services, fittings, and other features which are not to be
demolished, dismantled, removed or otherwise dealt with shall be protected from damage by
a means approved by the Engineer.
11 Adjacent structures shall be surveyed for movement, cracks or deformations before and after
demolition. The definition of adjacent structures in this context will be decided by the
Engineer dependent on the type of structure to be demolished and the method of demolition
proposed by the Contractor and the risk of damaging adjacent property.
12 A photographic record of the adjacent structures before and after demolition shall be taken.
13 Where structures, paving, services, fittings or other features are damaged by the Contractor,
they shall be made good to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

2.3 RECOVERY OF MATERIALS

1 Where required the Contractor shall recover designated materials without undue damage,
carry out any required cleaning and shall deliver the recovered materials to locations
designated by the Engineer and unload and place them into storage.
2 Where on-site reuse is designated recovered materials shall be stored on site before their
incorporation in the Works.
3 Materials to be recovered shall be handled and stored in such a manner as to avoid any
damage which will impair their reinstallation and reuse. Where the absence of care results in
damage, the Contractor shall repair the damage at his expense. If repairs are deemed to be
impracticable the Contractor shall provide replacements at his expense.
2.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

1 The Contractor shall excavate and remove surface material such as debris, windblown sand,
vegetation and any other unsuitable material in the areas and to the thickness instructed by
the Engineer. Clearing and grubbing shall be restricted to removal of surface material and
debris and shall not include the excavation of natural ground unless directed by the Engineer.
2 The removed material shall be loaded and transported to an approved dumping area.
3 All surface objects, trees, stumps, roots and other protruding obstructions not designated to
remain shall be grubbed and cleared as follows:
(a) in areas inside of the grading limits of cut and embankment areas, stumps and non
perishable solid objects shall be cut off not less than one metre below the subgrade
level in the area
(b) in areas outside of the grading limits of cut and embankment areas, stumps and non-
perishable solid objects shall be cut off not less than 500 mm below finished ground
level
(c) in areas to be rounded at the top of cut slopes, stumps shall be cut off flush with or
below the surface of the final slope line
(d) grubbing of pits and ditches will be required only to the depth necessitated by the
proposed excavation within such areas
(e) except in areas to be excavated, stump holes and other holes from which obstructions
are removed shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted
(f) where designated the Contractor shall carefully remove existing trees, plants or
shrubs and carefully transport these to a location designated by the Engineer.
2.5 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES
1 Unless otherwise directed the Contractor shall demolish and remove all buildings and
structures within the limit of works limits together with all foundations and retaining walls,
piers, partitions and columns down to a plane not less than one metre below the finished
ground level or one metre below the subgrade level in the area.
2 Upon receipt of notification by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take over all responsibility of
the building or buildings then acquired and vacant and shall proceed with the demolition and
removal thereof.
3 All structures shall be neatly trimmed off and the reinforcement shall be cut or trimmed off
close to the concrete and made safe; basement floor slabs shall be broken into pieces;
excess debris and other foundations, concrete floor slabs, sidewalks, driveways, signs,
sheds, garages, fences and other facilities shall be removed.
4 The Contractor shall arrange for the discontinuance and disconnection of any services to the
structure or structures in accordance with the requirements of the agency concerned. The
Contractor shall disconnect and properly seal in an approved manner any sewer outlets that
serve any structure he is to remove. The Contractor shall keep the Engineer informed of his

plans for the performance of any work in connection with the sealing off of such outlets in
order that proper inspection can be provided at the time the work is performed.
5 Any additional small out-buildings or temporary structures even if not shown on the Drawings
shall also be removed if directed by the Engineer.
6 Demolition and removal works shall be carried out mechanically or by hand as necessary in
such a manner as to cause no undue damage to the public, property, vehicles, pavements,
services and structures, and the Contractor shall provide temporary works for protection
when necessary, in accordance with any special requirements of the concerned authorities.
7 Blasting or other operations necessary for the demolition and/or removal of facilities which
may damage new construction shall be completed before placing the new work, unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
8 In all cases the Contractor shall be responsible for all claims resulting from damage, of any
nature, caused by carelessness or negligence on the part of the Contractor, his
subcontractors or agents.
9 Demolition or removal operations for any particular facilities shall not be started until written
approval is obtained from the Engineer.
10 Throughout the demolition period the Contractor shall provide and maintain sufficient and
adequate temporary supports.
2.6 REMOVAL OF STREET FURNITURE

1 Where designated, street furniture shall be recovered, cleaned and either delivered to and
placed into storage at the stores of the designated authority or set aside for re-erection as
part of the Works, or shall be removed and disposed of.
2 The Works shall include the excavation, removal and disposal of all foundations.
3 Before proceeding with the removal of any of the above installations the Contractor shall
contact the relevant authority and obtain approval.
4 The recovery of existing street lighting installations shall form part of the Works and shall be
in accordance with the requirements of the Public Works Authority.
2.7 REMOVAL OF FENCES

1 Where designated, fencing, including all support posts, gates, other accessories and
foundations shall be removed.
2 The Contractor shall provide suitable termination's for remaining fencing whether inside or
outside the right-of-way limits.
3 Unless otherwise directed all fencing, posts, gates and other accessories shall remain the
property of the Employer and shall be carefully dismantled and delivered to and place into
storage on site or at the Employer's stores, the location of which shall be obtained from the
Engineer. The supporting posts and supports shall be carefully cleaned of concrete, avoiding
damage to the posts.
4 Foundations and sections of fencing which are designated unsuitable for recovery by the
Engineer shall be disposed of.

2.8 REMOVAL OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS
2.8.1 General Requirements
1 On sections of redundant existing roadway (and detours and diversions that are no longer
needed for traffic) the existing pavement structure together with all kerbs, kerb base and
backing, sidewalk paving, edging or kerb to sidewalk paving including base and backing to
same and other items shall be broken out and removed.
2 Non-asphaltic pavement, kerbs, kerb base and backing, gutters and other associated debris
shall be disposed of unless such items are designated for recovery.
3 Where designated side drainage ditches and excavations shall be filled and the roadway
rough graded to restore approximately the original contour of the ground or to produce
natural, rounded slopes. After the rough grading is completed, the area of the old roadbed
shall be scarified or ploughed to mix the remaining road material thoroughly with earth and
then shall be harrowed and smoothed.
2.8.2 Cutting Back Pavement
1 The Contractor shall cut back all existing construction in such a manner to avoid damage to
the construction which is to remain.
2 Any damage to the existing pavement and other work areas which are to remain shall be
restored to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3 The details and dimensions of the cutting back of the existing pavement construction shall be
as designated subject to a minimum benching step of 300 mm between each pavement
course.
4 The method of cutting back all existing construction shall be as approved by the Engineer.
5 Once cut back all pavement edges shall be suitably protected against damage from
construction traffic. Any such damage shall be made good before proceeding with pavement
construction.
2.8.3 Stockpiling Asphalt Pavement
1 During the recovery and stockpiling operations asphalt pavement containing soil or other
debris shall be kept separate from recovered pavement which does not contain soil or other
debris.
2 Existing pavement designated for recovery shall be removed and stockpiled by methods
which will minimise losses and prevent it being contaminated with other materials. Especially,
the Contractor shall ensure that the material is reasonably free of soil and other matter when
it is stockpiled.
2.8.4 Stockpile Site
1 The Engineer may direct that removed asphalt or concrete pavement is stockpiled for
possible future use and the Contractor will transport all removed asphalt or concrete
pavement to the designated stockpile location.
2 The Contractor shall inform the Engineer at least seven (7) days before he is ready to
commence stockpiling operations and obtain written approval from the Engineer.
3 If not previously protected, the Contractor shall provide a protective enclosure around the
stockpile site to prevent unauthorised dumping by other Contractors and ensure that material
is not removed without authorisation. The protective enclosure around the stockpile site shall
include a suitable lockable gate for entry.

4 The Contractor shall assure responsibility for maintenance of the stockpile site during the
time he is depositing and removing material from the stockpile.
5 Maintenance responsibility shall include but not be limited to:

(a) furnishing plant when directed by the Engineer to spread the material and shape the
stockpile as successive loads of salvaged material are delivered
(b) ensuring by whatever means required that no unauthorised dumping is allowed
(c) consolidating and reshaping of stockpile from time to time and when final operations
are complete.
6 When directed by the Engineer the Contractor shall permit other contractors access to the
stockpile site to deliver or remove materials.
2.9 MEASURES FOR STATUTORY UNDERTAKERS

1 The Contractor shall take all measures required by any statutory undertaker, the
management of other publicly owned services, or owners of privately owned services or
supplies, for disconnection and proper sealing off of all redundant drains, services and
supplies.
2 The Contractor shall observe and comply with all the safety regulations that are in force for
work associated with various services.
3 Before commencing work on the removal or treatment to any utilities the Contractor shall
contact the statutory undertakers and obtain their written approval.
4 The removal of overhead power lines shall be carried out by the QGEWC or by a specialist
contractor approved by the QGEWC.
2.10 REMOVAL OR TREATMENT TO BURIED UTILITIES
2.10.1 General
1 Designated existing underground storage tanks, culverts, box culverts, pipelines, pipes,
manholes, inlets, gullies and similar facilities for drainage or other designated utilities shall be
totally or partially demolished as designated, all debris removed, the facility thoroughly
cleaned out and the resultant void backfilled with suitable material (as defined in Section 6
Clause 3.3) and compacted.
2 Underground utilities, pits, chambers, cesspools and similar facilities shall be demolished to a
depth of one metre below the finished subgrade level in the area, and shall be properly
cleaned out to full depth and backfilled with approved compacted materials.
3 Where designated, manhole and access shaft covers and frames and drainage inlet covers
and frames shall be carefully removed, cleaned and transported to and placed into storage at
designated storage areas.
4 Materials not recovered for reuse shall be disposed of.
2.10.2 Underground Storage Tanks
1 Existing underground storage tanks on the site or under structures designated for removal
shall be removed and disposed of by the Contractor. The Contractor shall take all necessary
precautions during the removal and disposal of any fluid within the tanks and of the tanks
themselves.

2.10.3 Removal of Culverts
1 Where the total demolition of a culvert is designated the culvert top slab, walls, base slab and
all manhole shafts, shall be broken out and all debris removed and disposed of.
2 Where the partial demolition of the culvert is designated the top slab of the culvert shall be
removed together with all manhole shafts. The side walls shall be broken out to the
designated level or to a minimum of one metre below the subgrade level or the finished
ground level in the area. The walls shall he neatly trimmed off and the reinforcement shall be
cut or burned off close to the concrete.
2.10.4 Abandoned Pipes and Culverts
1 Pipes and culverts no longer required which are designated to be abandoned in place shall
either be filled with grout or concrete, as designated by the Engineer.
2 All ends of abandoned pipes with a nominal diameter greater than 100 mm and less than 600
2
mm and all ends of abandoned culverts with a cross-sectional area of 1.0 m or less shall be
plugged by either mass concrete or a reinforced blockwork wall.
3 All ends of abandoned pipes with a nominal diameter of 600 mm or greater and all ends of
2
abandoned culverts with a cross-sectional area greater than 1.0 m shall be provided with a
cut-off wall as designated.
2.10.5 Total Removal of Pipelines
1 Where designated, pipelines, manholes and fittings together with any plain or reinforced
concrete bed, haunch or surround shall be broken out, removed and disposed of.
2 Designated pipes and ring fittings to be reused shall be recovered in such a way as to leave
them undamaged and suitable for reuse.
3 The method of taking apart the pipes and fittings shall be agreed with the Engineer before the
start of the work.
4 Materials damaged in the process of recovery shall be repaired by the Contractor.
5 The pipes and fittings recovered shall have all extraneous material including concrete
surround carefully removed, they shall then be thoroughly cleaned and delivered to the
designated storage area and placed into storage.
2.10.6 Grouting of Pipelines
1 Where designated, abandoned-in-place pipelines 300 mm or less in diameter shall he

completely filled with a sand-cement grout.
2 The cement, fine aggregate and water used for the grout shall comply with the requirements
of section 5 of the Qatar Construction Specification. The sand used for the grout shall be a
fine graded rounded sand that produces a free flowing grout.
3 The grout shall comprise of one part cement to two parts fine aggregate with enough water to
produce a free flowing and pumpable mix. The use of admixtures to improve the flow and
setting characteristics of the grout will be permitted subject to the prior approval of the
Engineer.
4 Each end of the pipe shall be plugged. No grouting shall commence until the Engineer's
approval has been obtained.

5 The Contractor may propose alternative methods of filling the pipe for the approval of the
Engineer. The Engineer shall retain the right to designate certain pipes that shall be filled with
grout irrespective of any approval to alternative methods of filling.
2.10.7 Plugging of Pipelines
1 Designated pipes shall be plugged by mass concrete as per section 5 of Qatar Construction
Specification to a minimum of one metre lateral extent into the pipe.
2 The method of constructing the plug to ensure a solid watertight seal shall be approved by
the Engineer.
2.10.8 Cut-off Walls and Capping Slabs
1 Where designated the Contractor shall construct a reinforced blockwork cut-off wall to box
culverts and pipelines and a reinforced concrete capping slab to manholes and access
shafts.
2 Reinforced blockwork cut-off walls shall extend beyond the edges of the pipe and shall be
founded on a mass concrete of grade 20 as per section 5 of Qatar Construction Specification.
2.10.9 Manholes and Access Shafts
1 Unless otherwise designated, manholes and access shafts shall be broken out to a plane not
less than one metre below the subgrade level or the finished ground level in the area or to
immediately below the manhole and/or access shafts cover slab, whichever is the lower.
2 Manhole and access shaft walls shall be neatly trimmed off and reinforcement shall be cut or
burned off close to the concrete and made safe.
3 Manholes and access shafts shall be cleaned out and all debris, sediment and refuse and
other unsuitable material disposed of, and backfilled with approved compacted material.
2.10.10 Drainage Inlets and Gullies
1 Unless shown otherwise, all redundant drainage inlets, gullies and similar facilities shall be
broken out to full depth.
2.11 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS

1 Materials removed but not recovered shall be disposed of in a lawful manner at approved
dumping areas. The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the location of the dumping
area as well as the necessary permits and approvals from the relevant authorities.
END OF PART

QCS 2007 Section 6 Part 3 Earthworks Page 1
3. EARTHWORKS .............................................................................................3
3.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................3

3.1.1 Scope of Work 3
3.1.2 References 3
3.1.3 Definitions 3
3.1.4 Submittals 4
3.1.5 Quality Assurance 5
3.2 EARTHWORKS BY OTHERS........................................................................5
3.3 MATERIALS...................................................................................................5
3.3.1 General 5
3.3.2 Fill Material 6
3.3.3 Unsuitable Material 6
3.3.4 Rock Fill 6
3.3.5 Selected Fill 7
3.3.6 Water 7
3.4 MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS ..............................................................7
3.4.1 General 7
3.4.2 Compaction Trials 7
3.4.3 Rotary Cultivators 8
3.4.4 Water Sprinklers 8
3.4.5 Bulldozers 8
3.4.6 Motor Graders 8
3.4.7 Shovel Tractors 8
3.4.8 Compacting Equipment 8
3.5 EXCAVATION GENERAL ..............................................................................9
3.5.1 Removal of Unsuitable Soil and Soft Spots 9
3.5.2 Excavating High Level Areas 10
3.5.3 Rock Excavation 10
3.5.4 Manual Excavation 10
3.5.5 Excavation for Pits and Trenches 11
3.5.6 Double Handling 11
3.6 FILLING GENERAL .....................................................................................11
3.6.1 General 11
3.6.2 Filling Around Utilities 12
3.6.3 Fill Supplied by Qatar National Transport Organisation (QNTO) 12
3.6.4 Contractors Imported Fill 12
3.6.5 Rock Fill 13
3.6.6 Compaction 13
3.6.7 Filling of Pits and Trenches 14
3.6.8 Work Over Sabkha 15
3.6.9 Trimming Side Slopes 16
3.7 STRUCTURE EXCAVATION AND FILLING ................................................16
3.7.1 General 16

3.7.2 Excavation Supports 16

3.7.3 Dewatering 16
3.7.4 Excavation for Structures 17
3.7.5 Use of Materials 17
3.7.6 Cofferdams 18
3.7.7 Backfill Adjacent to Structures 18
3.8 FORMATION PREPARATION .....................................................................18
3.8.1 Scope 18
3.8.2 Protection 19
3.8.3 Rectification 19
3.9 TOPSOIL......................................................................................................19
3.10 TESTING......................................................................................................19
3.10.1 General 19
3.10.2 Testing Degree of Compaction 20
3.10.3 California Bearing Ratio 20
3.10.4 Testing Levels and Evenness of the Formation 21

3. EARTHWORKS
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Scope of Work
1 This Part includes all the earthworks required to construct and maintain the roadway facilities
as follows:
(a) removing unsuitable materials
(b) excavating selected material from the roadway and borrow pits for use as specified
(c) placing and compacting of selected material
(d) structure excavation
(e) backfilling
(f) supplying and placing topsoil (sweet soil)
(g) laying and compaction of fill for shallow embankments where additional slope
protection measures are not required.
2 Related Parts are as follows:
This Section
Part 1, General
Part 2, Site Clearance
Part 4, Unbound Pavement Materials
Part 5, Asphalt Works
Part 6, Concrete Road Pavements
Part 16, Miscellaneous
Section 8, Sewerage
Section 12, Earthworks Related to Buildings
3.1.2 References
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

BS 1377, Methods of tests for soils for civil engineering purposes;
Test 1 Determination of the moisture content
Test 2 Determination of the liquid limit of soils
Test 3 Determination of the plastic limit of soils
Test 4 Determination of the plasticity index of soils
Test 6 Determination of the specific gravity of soils
Test 7 Determination of the particle size distribution
Test 8 Determination of the organic matter
Test 13 Determination of the dry density/moisture content relationship (4.5 kg
rammer method)
Test 15 Determination of the dry density of the soil on site
Test 16 Determination of the California bearing ratio.
AASHTO T96, Resistance to abrasion of small size coarse aggregate by use of the Los
Angeles machine
AASHTO T104, Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate
AASHTO T176, Plastic fines in graded aggregates and soils by use of the sand equivalent
test.
CML 10-97, Standard method of test for the determination of CBR
CML 11-97, Standard method of test for the calibration of nuclear density gauges
CML 12-97, Standard method of test for determination of dry density/moisture content
relationship.
3.1.3 Definitions
1 Suitable material: material which is acceptable in accordance with Clause 3.3.2.

2 Unsuitable material: any material which does not have the necessary properties to fulfil the
specification requirements as per Clause 3.3.3.
3 Imported material: suitable material obtained from outside of the Site.
4 Optimum moisture content: the moisture content of soil at which a specified amount of
compaction will produce the maximum dry density when determined in accordance with the
heavy compaction test (4.5 kg rammer method) of BS 1377 Test 13
5 Maximum dry density: The dry density of soil obtained using a specified amount of
compaction at the optimum moisture content when determined in accordance with the heavy
compaction test (4.5 kg rammer method) of BS 1377 Test 13
6 Subgrade: the compacted existing ground or fill for 500 mm beneath formation
7 Formation: the completed earthworks level shaped in accordance with the Drawings in
readiness to receive the sub-base.
3.1.4 Submittals
1 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval his proposals for the compaction of
each type of material to be used in embankments detailing the type of plant, number of
passes and maximum loose depth of layer.
2 Before commencing any structural excavation work greater than 1.5 m in depth, the
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his review details of proposals for supporting
excavated faces.
3 The proposals shall be submitted in the form of calculations and drawings which clearly
indicate the extent of excavation at all points along the structure relative to adjacent
properties, roads and services.
4 In the case of supported excavations the proposals shall, for the actual soil properties,
comprise detailed drawings of the support system stating method of installation and showing
support member materials, sizes, spacing and engineering calculations to validate the design
of the above, including the maximum theoretical deflections of the support members. The
support system shall be designed in such a manner that no support members extend through
surfaces exposed in the finished construction and no shoring or bracing is placed under
permanent structures.
5 The engineering calculations shall be in English and shall show lateral earth pressures for the
full excavation depths, faces at various stages of support during installation and removal and
concrete placement, the anticipated equipment loads, anchorage loads of any description,
the maximum design loads to be carried by various members of the support system and strut
preload forces.
6 If the structure support system proposed includes tie-back anchors, the Contractor's
submittal drawings shall show the profile of the soil in which each anchor is to be installed,
the design load for the full depth of the excavation, the maximum design and proof loads,
surcharge loads of any description; equipment loads, forces at various stages, support during
installation and removal, and the criteria proposed for deformations under proof loads.
7 In addition to the approval submittal, shop drawings of the support system are to be
submitted. Where a proposed system of tie-back anchors projects onto adjoining property
beyond the vertical projection of the designated limits of the Contract, the permission of the
owner shall be obtained in writing and documentation of such permission shall be included in
the submittal.
8 Complete working drawings showing the type of dewatering and groundwater control system
proposed shall be submitted for review. The submittal drawings shall show the arrangement,

location and depths of the proposed dewatering system if required. A complete description of
the equipment and materials to be used and the procedure to be followed shall be shown
together with the standby equipment, standby power supply, and the proposed location or
locations of points of discharge of water. Details of methods of cofferdam construction shall
be included in the submittal.
9 The method and the type of equipment to be used for advancing dewatering wellpoints shall
be submitted for review.
3.1.5 Quality Assurance
1 The designs of the structure excavation support systems and the dewatering system shall be
prepared by and signed by a professional engineer specialising in this type of design work.
2 Blasting work shall be carried out by a specialist company with the appropriate licence as
detailed in clause 3.5.3.
3.2 EARTHWORKS BY OTHERS

1 Where earthworks have been carried out by others before commencement of the Works, the
Contractor shall carry out any tests he considers necessary to satisfy himself that the work
already executed complies with this specification.
2 Should the Contractor consider the result of the tests unsatisfactory he shall immediately
provide full details of all such tests carried out for the Engineer's review as to the remedial
work to be undertaken.
3 The Contractor will be deemed to have satisfied himself as to the adequacy of any previous
earthworks when he proceeds with his own work, and he shall be responsible for repairs to or
replacement of any defective layer or surface where such failure was due to a fault in the
previously executed work which would have been revealed by normal testing procedures.
3.3 MATERIALS
3.3.1 General
1 All excavated material shall be the property of the Owner and shall not be removed from the
Site without the written consent from the Owner.
2 Suitable and approved excavated material from any part of the Site shall be hauled and used
for filling in any other section of the Site. The Contractor shall store such material when
necessary until the need arises for its use in filling as required by the phases of construction,
or as directed by the Engineer.
3 Where the amount of suitable material exceeds the amount of fill required for the Works, the
Contractor shall dispose of the surplus material at designated locations. The Contractor shall
off-load, spread, level, water and carry out other related operations at the disposal site as
directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall ensure that the disposal site has been
approved by the Municipality concerned.
4 Any excavation greater than the net volume required for the Works in length or width, shall be
made up with suitable compacted fill material at no cost to the Owner and subject to
inspection and approval of the Engineer.
5 Any additional excavation to remove unsuitable material at or below the bottom of foundation
level or construction layers shall be replaced with mass concrete.
6 Before using material resulting from excavation for filling, the Contractor shall carry out field
and laboratory testing to establish the suitability of said material for filling work. Whenever

such excavated material indicates a change in characteristics the Contractor shall carry out
additional testing.
7 Where the contract provides for the supply of fill material by others the Contractor shall
remain responsible for checking each load received to ensure that it is in accordance with the
specification requirements and for rejecting unsuitable material. The Contractor shall be
responsible for maintaining all records of deliveries and documentation relating to the quality
of such material.
3.3.2 Fill Material
1 The material used for filling and compacting more than 500 mm below the formation level of
the roadway, sidewalks, hard shoulder, drainage ditches and other areas on site shall consist
of material approved for filling resulting from the excavation works.
2 In the event that such material is unsuitable or insufficient, the Contractor shall obtain and
use filling material from borrow pits.
3 Fill material shall be clean and free from any unsuitable material.
4 The maximum nominal particle size of fill material shall be 75 mm unless the material is
classified as rock as per this part of the specification and the placing and compaction are
carried out according to the requirements for rock fill.
3.3.3 Unsuitable Material
1 Unsuitable material shall mean material other than suitable material and shall include;
(a) material from marshes
(b) tree and plant stumps
(c) perishable material
(d) material of liquid limit exceeding 40% as determined by BS 1377
(e) material of plasticity index exceeding 11% as determined by BS 1377
(f) deposits of sabkha with more than 5 % water-soluble salts or more than 10% acid-
soluble salts.
(g) material subject to spontaneous combustion
(h) soils containing more than 2% of organic matter.
(i) soils having more than 35% passing the 0.075 mm sieve.
3.3.4 Rock Fill
1 Rock shall be defined as any naturally formed solid matter encountered in excavation having
2 2
a crushing strength of not less than 7 N/mm when dry and not less than 4 N/mm after
submergence in water for 24 hours.
2 This shall be determined on samples of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cubes obtained from
the material (equivalent cores in lieu of cubes may be considered for testing at the discretion
of the Engineer and the method of testing and acceptance criteria will be advised by the
Engineer in such cases).
3 Individual masses of solid material found in excavation and weighing less than 500 kg shall
not be considered as rock.
4 Any artificially formed solid matter such as blockwork or concrete shall not be considered as
rock.
5 The Contractor shall supply any equipment and labour necessary to obtain suitable samples
and carry out testing of rock or suspected rock. The Engineer shall determine the location
and quantity of samples necessary to determine the extent of the rock. These samples shall
be taken in the presence of the Engineer.

6 In the event that the tests prove that the material is rock, the Engineer shall determine the
extent of such material and shall instruct the Contractor accordingly.
3.3.5 Selected Fill
1 Material selected for use in the top 500 mm of cut or fill areas in the roadway shall in addition
to meeting the requirements for suitable material comply with the following requirements:
(a) the material passing the 0.075 mm sieve shall be less than 35 %
(b) the liquid limit shall not exceed 35% and the plasticity index shall not exceed 10%.
(c) the soaked CBR value shall not be less than 15 % and the swell shall not exceed
2.0%. The test procedure shall be as per clause 3.10 of the specification.
3.3.6 Water
1 Potable or brackish water shall be used for all earthwork operations except that only potable
water shall be used for compaction of backfill material within one metre from all surfaces of
the structure and for the backfill of all service trenches.
2 Brackish water shall have a maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) of 5000 ppm, a maximum
chloride content of 1500 ppm and a maximum sulphate content (as SO3) of 2000 ppm.
3.4 MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS
3.4.1 General
1 The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with copies of catalogues, technical data and
charts of the machinery to be used on site before the commencement of the work.
2 The Engineer will inspect the machinery and tools before the commencement of work. The
machinery and tools used in carrying out earthworks and other related works for the road
construction and in maintenance of the work shall be in good working condition, and the
Contractor shall maintain them in such condition for the whole duration of the Work.
3 The Contractor shall supply an adequate number of machines and tools for the proper and
timely execution of the Works. The number of machines shall not be limited to the types of
equipment or recommended minimum number stipulated in the Contract Documents, which
shall be used for guidance purposes.
4 The Contract is awarded on the understanding that the actual numbers of machines and
other plant will not be reduced below the numbers shown in the Contract.
5 No plant shall be removed from the site without the specific written approval of the Engineer.
3.4.2 Compaction Trials
1 Before commencing construction of the permanent works, unless otherwise agreed with the
Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials for each type of fill material and
construction situation of the earthworks to establish an approved rolling/compaction
procedure which shall then be used as a minimum requirement for the permanent works
unless otherwise directed or agreed by the Engineer.
2 The compaction trials shall involve all procedures specified for the permanent works including
testing and any equipment, processes or procedures as proposed by the Contractor which
are not included as a part of these specifications. Compaction trials for each main type of
material shall be carried out on areas having dimensions of approximately 50 metres by 10
metres.
3 Construction of the permanent works shall not commence until a compaction procedure has
been approved in writing by the Engineer.

3.4.3 Rotary Cultivators
1 Rotary Cultivators shall have axles rotated by a powerful motor and be equipped with metal
teeth or plates. They shall be designed in such a way as to ensure proper pulverisation and
mixing of soil. They must be equipped with apparatus to lift and lower the axles so as to be
always to the required depth.
3.4.4 Water Sprinklers
1 Water sprinklers shall be borne by trucks with pneumatic tyres and shall be equipped with a
pressure pump and water sprinkling distribution equipment. The pump shall be powered in
such a manner that the pump pressure will remain uniform regardless of variations in truck
speed. The distributors shall be so designed as to allow sprinkling and adding of water to the
soil uniformly and in controlled quantities and shall be equipped with an approved gauge to
control the quantity of water added during operation. Special spray bar attachments shall be
provided and used in order to sprinkle water on sloped sections. The activation of the water
system shall be controlled from the cab by the driver.
3.4.5 Bulldozers
1 Bulldozers may be tracked or pneumatic-tyred vehicles and shall be equipped with a blade for
earth moving and levelling. Ripper attachments shall be provided when necessary. The blade
level shall be hydraulically controlled to raise or lower it so that the work surface can be
formed and adjusted as required.
3.4.6 Motor Graders
1 Motor graders shall be pneumatic-tyred and shall be equipped such that it is possible to lift,
lower and adjust the angle of the blade as required to control the grading operation and to
perform grading without making undulations.
3.4.7 Shovel Tractors
1 Shovel tractors shall be tractors equipped with a shovel for earth hauling or moving and may
be either on tracks or on pneumatic tyres. The shovel shall be hydraulically controlled to raise
and lower it as required.
3.4.8 Compacting Equipment
1 Rolling compacting equipment shall consist of pneumatic-tyred and steel wheeled rollers as
described below:
(a) Pneumatic-tyred rollers shall be equipped with tyres of equal size and diameter which
shall be uniformly inflated so that the air pressure of the tyres shall not vary
significantly, from one another. The wheels shall be spaced so that one pass will
accomplish one complete coverage equal to the rolling width of the machine. There
shall be a minimum of 6mm overlap between the tracks of the front and rear tracking
wheels. Self-propelled, pneumatic-tyred rollers shall have a minimum weight of
9 tonnes without ballast and a minimum weight of 18 tonnes with ballast
(b) Steel wheeled rollers shall be of the following types:
(i) Three-wheeled rollers shall be self-propelled and equipped with a reversing
clutch, a differential drive and with adjustable scrapers to keep the wheel
surface clean
(ii) Tandem rollers shall be self-propelled and equipped with reversing clutches and
adjustable spring scrapers fitted to the driving and steering roller to scrape in
both directions
(iii) Vibratory steel tandem rollers shall have the requirements of the foregoing steel
tandem rollers with a static weight of at least 5000 kg and a vibrating frequency
between 1500 and 2000 cycles per minute

(iv) Single drum vibratory steel rollers shall be double axle, self-propelled units with
the rear axle equipped with pneumatic flotation wheels, they shall have vibrating
frequency capabilities between 1500 and 2000 cycles per minute.
2 Portable vibratory compaction rollers shall be double axle tandem single-drum self-propelled
equipped with a vibrating element delivering an impact of not less than 1590 kg at a
frequency of about 5000 cycles per minute. The roller shall be easily manoeuvred, of
adequate width and suitable for rolling ditches with their side slopes having grades of up to
1:3.
3 Hand plate compactors shall be capable of delivering an impact of between 750 to 1500
kilograms.
3.5 EXCAVATION GENERAL
3.5.1 Removal of Unsuitable Soil and Soft Spots
1 If during the progress of the work the soil encountered has characteristics, as determined by
tests conducted under the direction of the Engineer, that render it unsuitable for incorporation
in the road embankment, the Contractor shall excavate and remove such unsuitable material
to the extent directed by the Engineer.
2 Where contractor finds isolated soft spots during excavation, this material shall be removed
to the extent directed by the Engineer.
3 No excavated suitable material shall be removed from the Site without the approval of the
Engineer. Should the Contractor be permitted to remove suitable material to suit his
operational procedure then he shall make good any consequent deficit of fill material arising
therefrom.
4 Where the excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable material the
excavation shall, unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer, be carried out in such a manner
that the suitable materials are excavated separately for use in the Works without
contamination by the unsuitable material.
5 The hauling of excavated material to areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading
and compacting plant are operating at the place of deposition to ensure placing and
compaction.
6 Unsuitable excavated material shall be removed and carted away to an approved dumping
area after approval from the Engineer.
7 The Contractor shall replace this unsuitable material by other suitable surplus or imported
material in layers not exceeding 150 mm compacted thickness to the density specified.
8 If the contractor considers in some situations it is impractical to replace unsuitable material

with imported material he may elect to use granular material, which shall comply with the
requirements of part 4 of this specification.
9 Granular material placed beneath water shall not require compaction, granular material
placed above water shall be compacted and tested as per the requirements of part 4 of this
specification.
10 If any solution cavities are found in lime stone material they shall be brought to the attention
of the Engineer. The Engineer shall advise what treatment is to be carried out in such
situations.

3.5.2 Excavating High Level Areas
1 The Contractor shall excavate high level areas in all materials including rock for the full width
of the road construction down to the top of the required subgrade.
2 The Contractor shall then scarify a layer not less than 150 mm deep except that this
requirement shall not apply where rock is present.
3 The soil shall be pulverised, watered as required, mixed, shaped and compacted to 95 %
maximum dry density to a depth of 150 mm.
4 In all excavations the groundwater level shall be maintained at least 300 mm below the
formation level during the works.
3.5.3 Rock Excavation
1 Excavation in rock shall be as defined in clause 3.3.4 of the specification
2 Excavation in rock may be carried out by a tracked bulldozer and ripper or by the use of
blasting with explosives or any other method approved by the Engineer.
3 Blasting using explosives shall only be permitted if authorised by the civil defence, police and
any other statutory authority. The Contractor’s method statement shall be agreed before any
blasting operation.
4 Blasting work shall be carried out in accordance with The Guide for Civil Users of Explosives
in Qatar prepared by the former Ministry of Industry and Public Works.
5 For any blasting work involving the use of explosives the Contractor shall use a specialist
company, licensed to carry out such work by the former Ministry of Industry and Public
Works.
6 The specialist company shall posses the appropriate licence for the required scope of work.
7 The purchase and delivery of each consignment of explosives for blasting work should be
covered by a separate application for a possession licence.
8 The transportation of explosives shall only be carried out after notification to the police and
civil defence.
9 For each planned blasting operation the Contractor shall arrange for advance notification to
be made to the police and civil defence authorities.
10 After it has been established that the excavated material is rock and after the area where
such rock exists has been defined, the Contractor shall incorporate the rock in the
embankment.
11 When excavated material contains more than 25 % of rock larger than 150 mm in greatest
diameter the rock shall be crushed, pulverised and further broken down. The resultant
material from the excavation shall be placed on the embankment in accordance with clause
3.6.4.
3.5.4 Manual Excavation
1 The Contractor shall excavate manually in the vicinity of all services, structures, and any
other areas, and if necessary uncover them, all as directed by the Engineer.
2 The Contractor shall take all precautions to prevent damages to services, properties and
persons, and any damage resulting from the negligence of the Contractor, his agents, or his
employees. Any such damage shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense.

3.5.5 Excavation for Pits and Trenches
1 All trenches and pits under roads shall, where possible, be excavated, backfilled and
compacted before road construction commences.
2 The sides of the excavation shall be adequately supported at all times.
3 Trenches and pits shall be kept free of water.
4 In tidal and high water table areas the excavation shall be kept free from standing water at all
times during construction.
5 Trenches for pipes or ducts shall be excavated to the levels and gradients indicated in the
contract documents.
3.5.6 Double Handling
1 It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to assess at the start of the contract the quantity of
suitable material available from an excavation for use as fill material and the requirement for
imported fill material.
2 The Contractor shall plan earthworks operations to minimise the handling of fill material and
disruption due to dust and noise from transportation operations.
3 The Contractor shall not be entitled to any additional payment for double handling of any
excavated material from the site for imported fill.
4 If it is necessary to double handle the material the Contractor shall take all measures to avoid
degradation or contamination of fill material.
5 The Engineer may instruct that the tests to assess the properties of the fill material are taken
at any point during the transportation, placing and compaction process.
3.6 FILLING GENERAL
3.6.1 General
1 Filling low-level areas shall be to the level of subgrade as designated. After completion of
clearing and grubbing, the Contractor shall carry out the necessary levelling in order to
control the thickness of the layers of fill.
2 The existing natural ground shall then be scarified in place to a minimum depth of 150 mm
for the full width of the embankment except where the material is classified as rock. The
scarified material shall be watered as required, thoroughly mixed, shaped and compacted to
a minimum of 95 % maximum dry density.
3 Where an existing embankment is being widened, the existing embankment slope shall be
trimmed and compacted into benches of minimum width 1m and depth 500mm before
placing and compacting each layer of new embankment material unless otherwise directed
by the Engineer to suit particular circumstances.
4 The Contractor shall not proceed with filling and compacting any subsequent layer before
testing and securing the approval of the Engineer for the previous layer.
5 All fill material for a depth of 500 mm below the formation level must meet the requirement for
selected fill (see clause 3.3.5).

3.6.2 Filling Around Utilities
1 Filling around culverts, storm water and sewerage pipes, utility and structures, and between
building plot and footpath areas shall be done in accordance with the specific requirements of
the relevant utility authority and the following additional requirements.
2 Filling for these areas shall be from surplus excavated material obtained on site and
approved by the Engineer. In the case of insufficiency of such material then approved
material shall be obtained from borrow pits and filled to the designated levels. The maximum
size of particle allowed in the backfill within one metre of culverts, storm water and sewage
pipes, utilities and structures shall be 25 mm.
3 The Contractor shall take every precaution to protect bridge columns and lighting equipment
when filling between median barriers and any damage to these items arising from the filling
works shall be repaired by the Contractor.
4 Unless otherwise specified, all fill material shall be compacted to a minimum relative
compaction of 95 %.
5 The Contractor shall agree the type of plant or equipment to be used with the Engineer
before undertaking this work.
3.6.3 Fill Supplied by Qatar National Transport Organisation (QNTO)
1 If instructed under the projects specification, fill will be imported from other sources using the
Qatar National Transport Organisation (QNTO).
2 It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to monitor and control both the quality and the
quantity of this imported fill.
3 The Contractor shall ensure that all delivery notes for such material are verified and
authenticated and then collated for submission to the Engineer.
3.6.4 Contractors Imported Fill
1 The project specifications shall designate areas for the Contractor to obtain borrow material
for use in the construction of the Works. It is the Contractor's responsibility to satisfy himself
that there is sufficient borrow material of suitable types.
2 The Contractor may elect to use alternative sources of borrow material.
3 It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to obtain all permits or permission and make any
payments that may be required in acquiring the rights to borrow material whether the
Contractor uses the designated areas or elects to use alternative areas. The Contractor shall
ensure that the source of all borrowed material has been approved by the Municipality
concerned.
4 The Contractor shall obtain and supply to the Engineer representative samples from the
borrow pits he intends to use. The Engineer will be afforded the opportunity to be present
during the sampling operations.
5 The Contractor will carry out the necessary laboratory and, if required, field testing to
establish the suitability of the material for filling work and will advise the Engineer of the
results. The Engineer will advise the Contractor whether such material is acceptable and
whether the borrow pit is an approved source of borrow material.
6 The Contractor will test samples of the approved borrow pits material actually being imported
onto the site, and should such material fail to meet the requirements of these Specifications,
approval to the use of the borrow pits will be withdrawn and the Contractor shall immediately
cease importation from the borrow pits until such time as the Engineer may approve

alternative sources of material from within the same borrow pits based on sampling and
testing as specified above.
7 The Engineer will decide whether the material already imported from the concerned borrow
pits can remain as placed on the site, or whether the Contractor shall remove and replace the
said material at his own expense.
8 Overburden and any unsuitable top layers at the borrow pit shall be stripped and stockpiled to
the satisfaction of the Engineer. Upon completion of excavation the Contractor shall replace
the overburden and unsuitable material, smooth the surface and leave the area clean and
tidy to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
9 The Contractor's haul and traffic arrangements will be subject to the Engineer's approval
before the work may be commenced.
3.6.5 Rock Fill
1 Material consisting predominantly of rock fragments of such a size that it cannot be placed in
layers of the thickness allowed without crushing, or further breaking down, may be placed in
the embankment in layers not exceeding twice the average size of the larger fragments.
2 No layer of rock fill shall exceed 800 mm loose thickness.
3 Rock fill shall be placed and spread so that the largest boulders and fragments are evenly
distributed, with the voids in-between completely filled with smaller fragments, sand or gravel,
watered in if necessary.
4 Each layer shall be bladed and levelled by a track laying tractor.
5 Quality control tests will not normally be performed on this material but each layer must be
approved in writing by the Engineer before the next is placed.
6 Embankment layers which consist of material that contains rock but also has sufficient
compatible finer material other than rock shall be placed and compacted as for soil
embankments. Quality control tests will be made wherever the Engineer determines they are
feasible.
7 Compaction shall be carried out by a vibratory roller with the following minimum mass:
Mass per Metre Width of Depth of Fill Minimum number of Passes of the
Vibration Roll (kg/m) Layer ( mm ) Roller on each Layer
2300 - 2900 400 5
2900 - 3600 500 5
3600 - 4300 600 5
4300 - 5000 700 5
>5000 800 5
3.6.6 Compaction
1 The Contractor shall carry out the required compaction specified after grading and levelling
the surface to be compacted. In areas to be filled, compaction shall include adding necessary
soil, water and compacting the first layer in addition to subsequent layers up to the proposed
levels.
2 In areas already excavated down to the required level, compaction shall include adding the
necessary water, and compacting the surface, in accordance with the procedure outlined in
paragraphs 3 to 12 below

3 After carrying out the grading, levelling, scarifying and pulverising of the soil layer the
Contractor shall add the necessary amount of water to permeate the pulverised soil.
4 The soil shall then be thoroughly turned after each addition of water so as to achieve a
homogeneous moisture content in the whole thickness of the layer.
5 Before compacting, samples of the pulverised soil shall be tested using a 'Speedy Moisture
Device' or similar instrument to establish the moisture content. If the moisture content is not
within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content as determined by CML 12-97, the area
represented by this sample shall be scarified and aerated or water added until the moisture
content is within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content. The soil shall then be primarily
levelled in order to commence earth compaction.
6 After primary levelling referred to above, compaction shall be commenced by means of the
approved rolling pattern.
7 Filling shall be in layers not exceeding 150 mm compacted thickness.
8 All areas including embankment roadway, medians, shoulders, sidewalks and verges shall be
compacted to 95 % as determined by BS 1377, and CML 12-97 unless otherwise specified or
directed by the Engineer.
9 The rolling shall be carried out in the direction of the road axis until the soil reaches the
required density. In crowned sections, rolling shall start from both edges of the road in the
direction of the road axis. If the road is superelevated, rolling shall commence from the lower
side and continue to the higher side. In order to compensate for the amount of water loss in
evaporation during the course of compaction, additional quantities of water shall be added as
required.
10 Each layer shall be levelled and rolled to achieve uniform compaction free from undulations,
soft spots and depressions.
11 No layer shall be covered by the next layer until it has been tested, inspected and approved
by the Engineer.
12 The Contractor shall be responsible for reinstatement to the satisfaction of the Engineer of
any layer damaged or disturbed after compaction and approval, by any means or cause,
before placing the next layer.
3.6.7 Filling of Pits and Trenches
1 The bottom of all excavations shall be formed to the lines and levels shown on the drawings.
2 Any pockets of soft soil or loose rock in the bottom of pits and trenches shall be removed and
the resulting cavities and any large fissures filled with suitable material and compacted to a
minimum relative compaction of 95 % based on BS 1377 and CML 12-97.
3 Prior to proceeding with filling, the base of the excavation shall be compacted to a minimum
relative compaction of 95 % based on BS 1377 and CML 12-97.
4 The full width of the compaction plant shall fit inside the surface area of the backfilling with
sufficient space to permit adequate compaction. Under no circumstance shall compaction be
carried out with plant straddling backfilled and existing surfaces.
5 Trenches and pits shall be backfilled in layers not exceeding 150 mm compacted thickness
unless otherwise directed by the engineer.

3.6.8 Work Over Sabkha
1 Where the road embankment passes over Sabkha areas with a high water table the
contractor shall take special precautions during the construction.
2 These precautions shall include but shall not be limited to the construction of suitable
temporary haul roads for all construction plant operating in the area.
3 Haul roads shall be constructed using rock fill and geotextiles as necessary to ensure a safe
stable surface.
4 The use of geotextiles and geosynthetics shall be in accordance with Part 15 when used for
the permanent embankment.
5 If directed by the Engineer the Contractor shall construct embankments over Sabkha areas
with a surcharge of excess material that shall remain in place till all appreciable settlement
has stopped. The Contractor shall provide a means of monitoring the settlement. The
Engineer shall decide when appreciable settlement has stopped.
6 Unless a specific treatment in using geotextiles or geosynthetics is described elsewhere in

the contract, work over Sabkha shall comprise of initially stabilising the existing Sabkha area
by laying and rolling rock fill layer type 1 according to Table 3.1. This operation should be
continued by adding and rolling type 1 rock fill layer with steel vibratory roller till the layer is
completely stabilised.
7 A layer of geotextile fabric should be laid over the compacted type 1 pervious material. A
layer of 50mm pervious backfill type 2 according to Table 3.1 should be laid over the
stabilised layer to protect the geotextile fabric.
8 Layer of 200mm thick rock fill type 1 should be laid over type 2 pervious back fill to receive
the required road layers after the above operation.
Table 3.1
Definition of Type 1 & 2 backfill materials
US Standard Percentage Passing

Sieve Size
Type 1 Type 2
6 inch 100 -
5 inch 100 – 85 -
4 inch 90 – 75 -
2 inch 65 – 45 -
1½ inch 55 – 35 -
¾ inch 35 – 20 100
½ inch 25 – 10 95 – 100
3/8 inch 20 – 5 70 – 100
No. 4 - 0 – 55
No. 8 - 0 – 10
No. 16 - -
No. 200 - 0–3

3.6.9 Trimming Side Slopes
1 Embankment side slopes shall be trimmed to the profiles and dimensions shown on the
contract drawings.
2 The earthworks shall be trimmed to within ± 20 mm of the designated profile.
3 The side slopes shall be thoroughly compacted after trimming to ensure a hard surface.
4 Side slopes shall be tested for compaction in accordance with this part of the specification
and the minimum density requirement shall be 95% as per all fill areas.
3.7 STRUCTURE EXCAVATION AND FILLING
3.7.1 General
1 In addition to the work specified, the Contractor shall include all operations necessary to
excavate and backfill as required for the construction of any structure’s installations and
utilities.
2 This work shall include necessary, pumping, dewatering, draining, sheeting, bracing, and the
necessary supply and construction of cribs and cofferdams and their subsequent removal.
3 The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to
prevent loss of natural cementation in the existing subsoil during, and as a consequence of,
dewatering operations.
4 This work shall also include the furnishing and placing of approved foundation fill material or
concrete to replace unsuitable material encountered below the foundation elevation of
structures.
3.7.2 Excavation Supports
1 Battered excavation slopes greater than 1.5 m high shall not be used without the express
written permission of the Engineer. Where such permission is not granted or where only a
part of the overall depth of an excavation is permitted to be with battered slopes all faces of
excavations greater than 1.5 m high shall be supported.
2 The Contractor shall submit his proposals for supporting excavated faces.
3 Before commencing any structural excavation work greater than 1.5 m in depth, the
Contractor shall obtain the Engineer’s approval of his proposals for supporting excavated
faces.
3.7.3 Dewatering
1 At locations where the excavation extends below the groundwater table, a dewatering system
shall be provided. This will effectively reduce the hydrostatic pressure and lower the
groundwater levels below excavation levels, as required for the safe and proper excavation of
the work. It will result in obtaining a stable, dry subgrade for the execution of subsequent
operations.
2 The Contractor shall design dewatering methods and settling basins so that no critical
amounts of soil, sand or silt are removed during either the initial operations or the
construction operations. Complete working drawings showing the type of dewatering and
groundwater control system proposed shall be submitted to the Engineer for his review.
3 The Contractor's submitted drawings shall show the arrangement, location and depths of the
proposed dewatering system if required. A complete description of the equipment and
materials to be used and the procedure to be followed shall be shown, together with the

standby equipment, standby power supply, and the proposed location or locations of points of
discharge of water.
4 Any required dewatering system design shall also include the measures taken to prevent
damage due to settlement of pavement, utilities, sewers, buildings and other structures
outside the excavation but within the area affected by the dewatering procedures.
5 Dewatering shall not be terminated without the approval of the Engineer and in the case of
structures retained by ground anchors dewatering shall not be terminated until the ground
anchors have been stressed to the full working load and approved by the Engineer.
3.7.4 Excavation for Structures
1 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of the beginning of any
excavation so that cross-sectional elevations and measurements may be taken of the
undisturbed ground.
2 Trenches or foundation pits for structures or structure footings shall be excavated to the
designated lines and grades or elevations. They shall be of sufficient size to permit the
placing of structures or structure footings of the full width and length shown. The designated
elevations of the bottoms of footings shall be considered as approximate only and the
Engineer may order, in writing, such changes in dimensions or elevations of footings as may
be deemed necessary, to secure a satisfactory foundation.
3 Boulders, logs, and any other unsuitable material encountered in excavations shall be
removed from the site.
4 Unless otherwise designated structure excavation shall be carried out for a width of at least
500 mm beyond the horizontal outside limits of the foundation, footing, box culvert or
structural member to which the excavation relates. Concrete blinding or subfoundations are
not to be considered as structure for the purpose of defining such excavation.
5 If during the progress of the work, loose or improperly compacted soil or such other material
as the Engineer considers would be detrimental to load distribution of new foundations to the
underlying soil is encountered below the structure foundation level such material shall be
removed within the limits as directed by the Engineer.
6 The resulting void shall be backfilled with either blinding concrete or with suitable material
compacted to a density not less than 95 % of the maximum dry density. The Engineer shall
specify the type of backfill to be employed at each location.
7 After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer to that effect, and
no footing, bedding material or pipe culvert shall be placed until the Engineer has approved
the depth of excavation and the character of the material on which the foundations will bear.
8 All rock or other hard foundation material shall be cleaned of all loose material and cut to a
firm surface, either level, stepped, or serrated as directed by the Engineer. All seams or
crevices shall be cleaned and grouted. All loose and disintegrated rock and thin strata shall
be removed. When the footing is to rest on material other than rock, excavation to final grade
shall not be made until just before the footing is to be placed.
3.7.5 Use of Materials
1 All excavated material, so far as it is suitable, shall be used as backfill or roadway fill.
2 All excavated material shall be approved by the Engineer before being used as fill. All surplus
excavated material and excavated material rejected by the Engineer for use on the site shall
be removed from the site and disposed of in locations approved by the Engineer.


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QCS 2007 Section 6 Part 1 General Page 1

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS & REGULATIONS ................................................2

1.2 BENCH MARKS AND MONUMENTS ............................................................2

1.4 MATERIALS TESTING ..................................................................................4

1.5 NUCLEAR DENSITY TESTING DEVICES ....................................................4

1.6 TEMPORARY FENCING ...............................................................................4

1.7 ROAD OPENING ...........................................................................................5

1.8 CONCRETE WORKS ....................................................................................5

1.9 STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE..................................................5

1.10 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT .............................................................................5

1.11 ARMED FORCES ..........................................................................................5

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

1.2 BENCH MARKS AND MONUMENTS

1.2.2 Permanent Monuments

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

1.2.3 Setting Out

1.3 EXISTING GROUND LEVELS

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

1.4 MATERIALS TESTING

4 Approved equipment shall be maintained on site at all times to:

1.5 NUCLEAR DENSITY TESTING DEVICES

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

1.7 ROAD OPENING

1.8 CONCRETE WORKS

1.9 STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE

1.10 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

1.11 ARMED FORCES

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2. SITE CLEARANCE ........................................................................................2

2.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................2

2.3 RECOVERY OF MATERIALS........................................................................4

2.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING ........................................................................4

2.5 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES ......................................................................4

2.6 REMOVAL OF STREET FURNITURE...........................................................5

2.7 REMOVAL OF FENCES ................................................................................5

2.8 REMOVAL OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS.......................................................6

2.10 REMOVAL OR TREATMENT TO BURIED UTILITIES ..................................7

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2.1.1 Scope of Work

1 This Part includes:

1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

2 Structures and installations to be dismantled or demolished shall be surveyed by the

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2.2 PROTECTION TO EXISTING SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS

2 Services to unused installations shall be safely disconnected before demolition. Notification

5 Precautions shall be taken to prevent leakage or formation of flammable, explosive,

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2.3 RECOVERY OF MATERIALS

2.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2.6 REMOVAL OF STREET FURNITURE

2.7 REMOVAL OF FENCES

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

2.8 REMOVAL OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS

2.8.1 General Requirements

2.8.2 Cutting Back Pavement

2.8.3 Stockpiling Asphalt Pavement

2.8.4 Stockpile Site

Qatar General Organization for Standards and Metrology

5 Maintenance responsibility shall include but not be limited to:

2.9 MEASURES FOR STATUTORY UNDERTAKERS

2.10 REMOVAL OR TREATMENT TO BURIED UTILITIES

4 Materials not recovered for reuse shall be disposed of.