S1

SUPPORTING INFORMATION (Pages S1-S10)

Phosphorus Reclamation through Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures

Steven M. Heilmann †*, Joseph S. Molde †, Jacobe G. Timler †, Brandon M. Wood †, Anthony L. Mikula †,

Georgiy V. Vozhdayev†1, Edward C. Colosky║, Kurt A. Spokas ║,‡ and Kenneth J. Valentas †

† University of Minnesota, Biotechnology Institute, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN,

55108-1041, USA

║ United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Soil and Water Management Research

Unit, 1991 Buford Circle, 439 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108-1041

‡ University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, 1991 Buford Circle, 439 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul,

MN, 55108-1041

Procedure for Digestion of Starting Manures and Hydrochars:

Digestion of solid starting waste and hydrochar materials was conducted using the following

procedure: Approximately 100 mg of powdered sample was placed in a 30 mL Teflon sleeve also

containing a small magnetic stirring bar. Deionized water (1 mL), concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5

mL), concentrated hydrofluoric acid (1.5 mL), and concentrated nitric acid (3 mL) were added. The

sleeve was placed in a 30 mL Pyrex tube and capped. The vessel was then microwaved in a CEM

Discover SP-D system available from CEM, Inc. (Matthews, NC) at a temperature of 200o C, with a ramp

and hold time of 8 minutes each. After cooling, a 4% boric acid aqueous solution (13 mL) was

added. This was microwaved at 160o C, with a ramp of 8 minutes and a hold time of 4 minutes. After

cooling, 10 mL of deionized water was added. The resulting solution was diluted 20 fold and an yttrium

internal standard was added before analysis using a Thermo iCAP 6500 ICP-OES available from Thermo

Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN).

Tables:
S2

Table S1. DOE of chicken layer manure

Input Conditions Output Values a

% %
Temp Time Solids Yield %C %H %N %P System %
(oC) (h) P in Hydrochar

200 1.0 5.0 52.4 43.73 6.40 1.48 2.87 81

200 1.0 15.0 56.6 46.54 6.60 2.10 2.52 78

200 3.0 5.0 50.0 44.06 6.06 1.61 3.01 81

200 3.0 15.0 55.5 46.21 6.32 2.05 2.76 83

225 2.0 10 50.2 45.73 6.18 2.22 3.38 92

225 b 2.0 10 50.8 45.40 6.24 2.09 3.34 91

225 2.0 10 51.4 45.53 6.20 2.13 3.14 87

250 1.0 5 42.0 44.96 6.07 2.22 3.21 73

250 1.0 15 48.6 43.69 5.46 2.73 3.22 84

250 3.0 5 41.1 46.00 5.86 2.70 4.06 90

250 3.0 15 45.9 44.71 5.44 3.20 3.34 83

a
= From 225º C experiments, standard deviations (σs) were: 0.49 for % Yield, 0.14 for %C, 0.04 for %H, 0.06 for
%N, 0.10 for %P, and 0.60 for System % P in Hydrochar.
b
= Ash content of the hydrochar was 26.89%.

Table S2. Linear regression coefficients for the various outputs from the poultry manure DOE.
Output Intercept Time Temp. Solids Time*Temp Time*Solids Temp*Solids R2

% 54.52 -0.47 -5.74 3.85 0.04 0.19 -1.45 0.97

Yield
(Range:
56.6 –
41.1)
32 σs

%C 45.13 0.25 -0.14 0.29 0.27 -0.10 -0.93 0.91

(Range:
46.54 –
43.69)
20 σs
S3

%H 6.08 -0.11 -0.32 -0.07 0.05 0.03 -0.19 0.85

(Range:
6.60 –
5.44)
29 σs

%N 2.23 0.13 0.45 0.26 0.11 -0.02 -0.01 0.98

(Range:
3.20 –
1.48)
29 σs

%P 3.17 0.17 0.33 -0.16 0.07 -0.08 -0.01 0.89

(Range:
4.00 –
2.52)
15 σs

Syst. 85.27 2.37 0.62 0.12 1.12 -1.37 1.37 0.26

%P In
Hydro-
Char

Table S3. DOE of “fresh” swine manure

Input Conditions Output Values a

% %
Temp Time Solids Yield %C %H %N %P System %
(oC) (h) P in Hydrochar

200 1.0 5.0 34.8 54.02 7.27 2.08 2.87 64

200 1.0 15.0 39.9 54.75 7.25 2.82 2.91 74

200 3.0 5.0 35.0 53.92 7.29 2.25 3.58 81

200 3.0 15.0 39.0 55.51 7.05 3.04 3.07 77

225 b 2.0 10 35.4 54.00 6.92 2.66 4.39 100

225 2.0 10 35.3 54.89 6.68 3.00 3.93 89

225 2.0 10 35.5 55.14 7.33 2.34 4.39 100

250 1.0 5 27.4 55.79 7.27 2.17 4.47 78

250 1.0 15 34.8 59.05 7.58 3.45 3.78 85

250 3.0 5 23.7 52.16 6.75 1.92 5.20 81

250 3.0 15 32.5 55.38 7.57 2.63 4.05 85

S4
a
= From 225º C experiments, standard deviations (σs) were: 0.05 for % Yield, 0.50 for %C, 0.27 for %H, 0.27 for
%N, 0.40 for %P, and 5.18 for System % P in Hydrochar.
b
= Ash content of the hydrochar was 24.23%.

Table S4. Linear regression coefficients for the various outputs from the swine manure DOE.

Output Intercept Time Temp. Solids Time*Temp Time*Solids Temp*Solids R2

% 33.92 -0.84 -3.79 3.15 -0.65 0.04 0.19 0.96

Yield
(39.9 –
23.7)
324.0 σs

%C 54.96 -0.83 0.52 1.10 -0.99 0.10 0.52 0.96

(59.05 –
52.16)
13.8 σs

%H 7.12 -0.09 -0.04 0.11 -0.04 0.03 0.17 0.42

(7.58 –
6.68)
3.3 σs

%N 2.57 -0.09 -0,002 0.44 -0.18 -0.06 0.06 0.85

(3.45 –
1.92)
5.7 σs

%P 3.78 0.23 0.63 -0.29 0.01 -0.12 -0.17 0.89

(5.20 –
2.87)
5.8 σs

Syst. 83.09 2.87 4.12 2.12 -2.12 -2.12 0.62 0.28

%P In
Hydro-
Char
(100 –
64)
6.9 σs

Table S5.DOE of dairy cattle manure

Input Conditions Output Values a

% %
Temp Time Solids Yield %C %H %N %P System %
(oC) (h) P in Hydrochar

240 1.0 5.0 38.8 52.69 6.41 2.98 1.94 107

240 1.0 15.0 36.9 54.16 5.97 3.81 1.66 88

240 3.0 5.0 35.1 55.37 6.12 3.40 2.00 100

240 3.0 15.0 39.0 57.57 6.29 4.17 1.79 100

S5

250 2.0 10 37.7 56.98 6.08 3.91 1.73 93

250 b 2.0 10 37.2 56.25 6.08 3.89 1.90 100

250 2.0 10 36.1 56.67 6.36 3.90 1.90 98

260 1.0 5 33.7 56.14 6.11 3.50 2.06 99

260 1.0 15 39.0 57.17 5.91 4.16 1.93 108

260 3.0 5 33.6 55.82 6.05 3.60 2.09 100

260 3.0 15 38.5 58.95 5.87 4.08 1.79 98

a
= From 250º C experiments, standard deviations (σs) were: 0.07 for % Yield, 0.32 for %C, 0.20 for %H, 0.07 for
%N, 0.12 for %P, and 2.94 for System % P in Hydrochar.
b
= Ash content of the hydrochar was 22.57%.

Table S6. Linear regression coefficients for the various outputs from the dairy cattle DOE

Output Intercept Time Temp. Solids Time*Temp Time*Solids Temp*Solids R2

% 36.86 -0.28 -0.63 1.53 0.13 0.67 1.02 0.85

Yield
(Range:
39.0 –
33.6)
77 σs

%C 56.16 0.94 1.03 0.98 -0.58 0.35 0.06 0.95

(Range:
58.95 –
52.69)
20 σs

%H 6.11 -0.01 -0.11 -0.08 -0.02 0.08 -0.01 0.64

(Range:
6.41 –
5.87)
3 σs

%N 3.76 0.10 0.12 0.34 -0.10 -0.03 -0.06 0.94

(Range:
4.17 –
2.98)
17 σs

%P 1.89 0.02 0.04 -0.14 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.95

(Range:
4.00 –
2.52)
15 σs

Syst. 46.63 0.14 0.07 -1.36 -0.52 0.77 1.23 0.58

S6

%P In
Hydro-
Char

Table S7. EDS Analysis of Hydrochar Samples

Dairy Poultry Swine

Element Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight %

Error Error Error

C 62.4 +/- 1.95 49.79 +/- 0.55 62.3 +/- 0.48

K 0 --- 0.13 +/- 0.10 0.62 +/- 0.07
N 0 --- 3.12 +/- 1.97 4.31 +/- 1.79
O 26.97 +/- 2.61 21.7 +/- 0.54 25.31 +/- 0.45
P 1.88 +/- 0.21 5.01 +/- 0.12 3.86 +/- 0.11
S 0.45 +/- 0.17 0.8 +/- 0.09 0.37 +/- 0.17
Al 0.21 +/- 0.15 2.06 +/- 0.08 0.03 +/- 0.04
As 0 --- 0 --- 0 ---
Ca 3.6 +/- 0.31 3.93 +/- 0.18 0.28 +/- 0.07
Cl 0.03 +/- 0.21 0 --- 0.02 +/- 0.05
Cu 0 --- 6.17 +/- 4.35 0 ---
Fe 0 --- 2.46 +/- 0.73 0 ---
Mg 1.91 +/- 0.22 1.11 +/- 0.11 2.63 +/- 0.07
Mn 0 --- 0.28 +/- 0.51 0.01 +/- 0.21
Mo 0 --- 0.21 +/- 0.48
Na 0.17 +/- 0.20 0.16 +/- 0.09 0 ---
Si 2.38 +/- 0.20 2.56 +/- 0.09 0.06 +/- 0.04
Ti 0 --- 0.73 +/- 0.18 0 ---

Note: The EDS technique measures a variable depth of penetration as a function of the material and is not

confined solely to the surface. These percentages are representative for the interaction volume of the x-

ray beam with the sample, which will be highly variable in these heterogeneous materials and might not

match the more reliable acid digestion-ICP analyses.

S7

Figures:

Figure S1. SEM and EDS analysis of dairy cattle manure hydrochar.

Weight %

C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Cattle_Point1 65.44 0.00 23.65 0.00 2.01 0.00 3.15 0.91 0.97 0.00 0.00 1.94 0.00 1.93 0.00
Cattle_Point2 64.98 0.00 24.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.90 0.13 0.00 1.27 7.99 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cattle_Point3 72.77 0.00 23.62 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.79 0.42 0.84 0.41 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cattle_Point4 58.48 3.17 21.45 0.06 2.05 0.23 2.25 3.23 0.53 0.04 0.02 6.16 0.39 1.00 0.93

Weight % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Cattle_Point1 +/-2.97 +/-0.00 +/-2.88 +/-0.00 +/-0.50 +/-0.00 +/-0.73 +/-0.52 +/-0.64 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.97 +/-0.00 +/-3.86 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point2 +/-3.05 +/-0.00 +/-4.48 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.53 +/-0.72 +/-0.26 +/-0.00 +/-0.84 +/-1.88 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point3 +/-3.17 +/-0.00 +/-3.06 +/-0.45 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.37 +/-0.40 +/-0.42 +/-0.42 +/-0.62 +/-0.70 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point4 +/-0.52 +/-2.23 +/-0.55 +/-0.06 +/-0.10 +/-0.05 +/-0.07 +/-0.09 +/-0.07 +/-0.06 +/-0.08 +/-0.18 +/-0.35 +/-0.48 +/-3.43

Atom %
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Cattle_Point1 75.00 0.00 20.35 0.00 1.14 0.00 1.55 0.41 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.48 0.00
Cattle_Point2 75.08 0.00 20.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.40 0.06 0.00 0.45 2.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cattle_Point3 79.28 0.00 19.32 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.34 0.17 0.31 0.14 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cattle_Point4 70.28 3.27 19.35 0.04 1.22 0.12 1.16 1.51 0.24 0.01 0.01 2.22 0.10 0.26 0.21

Atom % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Cattle_Point1 +/-3.41 +/-0.00 +/-2.48 +/-0.00 +/-0.29 +/-0.00 +/-0.36 +/-0.23 +/-0.28 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.33 +/-0.00 +/-0.95 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point2 +/-3.53 +/-0.00 +/-3.89 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.26 +/-0.32 +/-0.11 +/-0.00 +/-0.30 +/-0.65 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point3 +/-3.45 +/-0.00 +/-2.50 +/-0.26 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.17 +/-0.17 +/-0.17 +/-0.16 +/-0.21 +/-0.23 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.00
Cattle_Point4 +/-0.62 +/-2.30 +/-0.50 +/-0.04 +/-0.06 +/-0.03 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.06 +/-0.09 +/-0.13 +/-0.78
S8

Figure S2. SEM and EDS analysis of poultry manure hydrochar.

Weight %

C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Mn Fe Cu Mo
Poultry – Point 1 58.38 5.88 16.70 0.02 0.63 1.36 1.41 4.75 0.79 0.10 0.00 5.26 0.66 1.12 2.34 0.60
Poultry – Point 2 53.05 3.45 19.74 0.40 1.40 2.67 2.71 3.85 0.99 0.12 0.12 4.13 0.77 0.84 3.80 1.95
Poultry – Point 3 44.88 1.76 32.02 0.13 0.76 1.77 11.63 3.58 0.41 0.00 0.09 1.94 0.43 0.59 0.00
Poultry – Point 4 61.50 0.00 16.32 0.29 0.88 2.43 2.38 6.20 1.30 0.18 0.13 5.42 1.43 1.54 0.00
Poultry – Point 5 51.51 2.78 18.91 0.36 1.52 2.67 1.09 7.34 1.01 0.24 0.12 5.80 2.15 4.50 0.00
Poultry – Point 6 53.88 1.68 17.51 0.28 1.38 2.74 1.30 7.48 0.93 0.15 0.07 6.20 1.41 5.00 0.00
Poultry – Point 7 72.18 0.84 20.02 0.05 0.29 0.79 0.57 1.54 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.24 0.87 0.00 0.41

Weight % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Mn Fe Cu Mo
Poultry – Point 1 +/-0.48 +/-1.92 +/-0.52 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.06 +/-0.06 +/-0.10 +/-0.07 +/-0.07 +/-0.00 +/-0.16 +/-0.18 +/-0.38 +/-0.56 +/-3.60
Poultry – Point 2 +/-0.49 +/-1.83 +/-0.50 +/-0.08 +/-0.10 +/-0.07 +/-0.08 +/-0.10 +/-0.08 +/-0.07 +/-0.08 +/-0.15 +/-0.16 +/-0.42 +/-0.62 +/-3.90
Poultry – Point 3 +/-0.44 +/-1.76 +/-0.52 +/-0.06 +/-0.10 +/-0.07 +/-0.22 +/-0.19 +/-0.08 +/-0.00 +/-0.09 +/-0.13 +/-0.41 +/-0.59 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 4 +/-0.58 +/-0.00 +/-0.99 +/-0.09 +/-0.08 +/-0.09 +/-0.10 +/-0.16 +/-0.12 +/-0.10 +/-0.14 +/-0.43 +/-0.70 +/-1.04 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 5 +/-0.57 +/-2.08 +/-0.55 +/-0.09 +/-0.12 +/-0.08 +/-0.07 +/-0.21 +/-0.09 +/-0.09 +/-0.10 +/-0.19 +/-0.54 +/-0.87 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 6 +/-0.50 +/-2.32 +/-0.86 +/-0.09 +/-0.07 +/-0.14 +/-0.08 +/-0.15 +/-0.10 +/-0.09 +/-0.11 +/-0.21 +/-0.57 +/-0.93 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 7 +/-0.47 +/-2.76 +/-0.61 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.09 +/-0.06 +/-0.08 +/-0.24 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.14 +/-0.48 +/-0.62 +/-0.00 +/-0.67

Atom %
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Mn Fe Cu Mo
Poultry – Point 1 70.97 6.13 15.24 0.01 0.38 0.73 0.73 2.24 0.36 0.04 0.00 1.92 0.19 0.30 0.61 0.14
Poultry – Point 2 67.31 3.75 18.80 0.27 0.88 1.51 1.47 1.89 0.47 0.05 0.05 1.57 0.24 0.23 1.04 0.47
Poultry – Point 3 56.81 1.91 30.42 0.09 0.47 1.00 6.29 1.76 0.19 0.00 0.03 0.74 0.12 0.16 0.00
Poultry – Point 4 75.28 0.00 15.00 0.18 0.53 1.32 1.25 2.94 0.59 0.08 0.05 1.99 0.38 0.40 0.00
Poultry – Point 5 66.72 3.09 18.38 0.24 0.97 1.54 0.61 3.69 0.49 0.10 0.05 2.25 0.61 1.25 0.00
Poultry – Point 6 69.40 1.86 16.93 0.19 0.88 1.57 0.71 3.74 0.45 0.07 0.03 2.39 0.40 1.39 0.00
Poultry – Point 7 79.96 0.79 16.65 0.03 0.16 0.39 0.27 0.66 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.06 0.21 0.00 0.06

Atom % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Mn Fe Cu Mo
Poultry – Point 1 +/-0.58 +/-2.00 +/-0.47 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.05 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.00 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.10 +/-0.15 +/-0.84
Poultry – Point 2 +/-0.62 +/-1.99 +/-0.48 +/-0.05 +/-0.06 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.05 +/-0.04 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.11 +/-0.17 +/-0.94
Poultry – Point 3 +/-0.56 +/-1.91 +/-0.50 +/-0.04 +/-0.06 +/-0.04 +/-0.12 +/-0.09 +/-0.04 +/-0.00 +/-0.03 +/-0.05 +/-0.11 +/-0.16 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 4 +/-0.72 +/-0.00 +/-0.91 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.07 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.16 +/-0.19 +/-0.27 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 5 +/-0.74 +/-2.31 +/-0.54 +/-0.06 +/-0.07 +/-0.05 +/-0.04 +/-0.11 +/-0.05 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.08 +/-0.15 +/-0.24 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 6 +/-0.64 +/-2.57 +/-0.83 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.08 +/-0.05 +/-0.07 +/-0.05 +/-0.04 +/-0.05 +/-0.08 +/-0.16 +/-0.26 +/-0.00
Poultry – Point 7 +/-0.52 +/-2.60 +/-0.51 +/-0.04 +/-0.03 +/-0.04 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.10 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.04 +/-0.12 +/-0.15 +/-0.00 +/-0.10

Figure S3. SEM and EDS analysis of swine manure hydrochar.

S9

Weight %
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Swine_pt1 32.33 0.00 29.35 0.00 18.94 0.00 0.00 17.15 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.61 0.00
Swine_pt2 46.28 0.00 14.91 0.18 1.76 3.34 1.21 10.15 0.97 0.34 1.34 11.46 0.00 7.91 0.16
Swine_pt3 50.60 2.69 26.04 0.12 4.50 0.00 0.00 12.52 0.03 0.00 1.49 0.70 0.59 0.72 0.00
Swine_pt4 74.61 5.39 14.08 0.15 1.43 0.00 0.13 2.75 0.39 0.09 0.70 0.16 0.09 0.03 0.00
Swine_pt5 67.31 5.60 12.84 0.18 2.89 0.00 0.01 8.95 0.34 0.18 0.84 0.04 0.00 0.81 0.00
Swine_pt6 81.18 3.31 9.53 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.04 2.34 1.08 0.12 1.34 0.60 0.00 0.24 0.00

Weight % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Swine_pt1 +/-0.57 +/-0.00 +/-0.66 +/-0.00 +/-0.42 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.68 +/-0.00 +/-0.56 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-2.93 +/-1.27 +/-0.00
Swine_pt2 +/-0.45 +/-0.00 +/-0.41 +/-0.16 +/-0.17 +/-0.31 +/-0.22 +/-0.61 +/-0.37 +/-0.44 +/-0.85 +/-1.91 +/-0.00 +/-1.06 +/-0.43
Swine_pt3 +/-0.61 +/-2.09 +/-0.57 +/-0.06 +/-0.11 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.17 +/-0.08 +/-0.00 +/-0.14 +/-0.15 +/-0.59 +/-0.78 +/-0.00
Swine_pt4 +/-0.50 +/-2.06 +/-0.46 +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.00 +/-0.04 +/-0.07 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.07 +/-0.07 +/-0.17 +/-0.11 +/-0.00
Swine_pt5 +/-0.84 +/-3.32 +/-0.74 +/-0.10 +/-0.14 +/-0.00 +/-0.08 +/-0.29 +/-0.13 +/-0.14 +/-0.22 +/-0.24 +/-0.00 +/-0.49 +/-0.00
Swine_pt6 +/-0.55 +/-2.51 +/-0.56 +/-0.00 +/-0.05 +/-0.00 +/-0.06 +/-0.09 +/-0.09 +/-0.10 +/-0.13 +/-0.15 +/-0.00 +/-0.78 +/-0.00

Atom %
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Swine_pt1 45.60 0.00 31.07 0.00 13.20 0.00 0.00 9.38 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.18 0.00
Swine_pt2 65.71 0.00 15.89 0.13 1.23 2.11 0.73 5.59 0.51 0.16 0.59 4.87 0.00 2.42 0.04
Swine_pt3 62.81 2.87 24.26 0.07 2.76 0.00 0.00 6.03 0.01 0.00 0.57 0.26 0.16 0.19 0.00
Swine_pt4 80.94 5.01 11.47 0.09 0.77 0.00 0.06 1.16 0.16 0.03 0.23 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00
Swine_pt5 77.02 5.49 11.03 0.11 1.63 0.00 0.01 3.97 0.15 0.07 0.29 0.01 0.00 0.20 0.00
Swine_pt6 87.01 3.04 7.67 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.97 0.43 0.04 0.44 0.19 0.00 0.05 0.00

Atom % Error
C N O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Mn Fe Cu
Swine_pt1 +/-0.81 +/-0.00 +/-0.70 +/-0.00 +/-0.29 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.37 +/-0.00 +/-0.27 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.90 +/-0.39 +/-0.00
Swine_pt2 +/-0.64 +/-0.00 +/-0.44 +/-0.12 +/-0.12 +/-0.20 +/-0.13 +/-0.33 +/-0.20 +/-0.21 +/-0.37 +/-0.81 +/-0.00 +/-0.32 +/-0.11
Swine_pt3 +/-0.76 +/-2.23 +/-0.53 +/-0.04 +/-0.07 +/-0.00 +/-0.00 +/-0.08 +/-0.04 +/-0.00 +/-0.05 +/-0.06 +/-0.16 +/-0.21 +/-0.00
Swine_pt4 +/-0.55 +/-1.91 +/-0.37 +/-0.03 +/-0.03 +/-0.00 +/-0.02 +/-0.03 +/-0.02 +/-0.02 +/-0.02 +/-0.02 +/-0.04 +/-0.03 +/-0.00
Swine_pt5 +/-0.97 +/-3.26 +/-0.64 +/-0.06 +/-0.08 +/-0.00 +/-0.04 +/-0.13 +/-0.06 +/-0.05 +/-0.08 +/-0.08 +/-0.00 +/-0.12 +/-0.00
Swine_pt6 +/-0.59 +/-2.30 +/-0.45 +/-0.00 +/-0.03 +/-0.00 +/-0.03 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.04 +/-0.05 +/-0.00 +/-0.18 +/-0.00