Individual Sports: Module 1

Importance and Benefits of Physical Education

Quality physical education programs are needed to increase the physical competence, health-related
fitness, self-responsibility and enjoyment of physical activity for all students so that they can be
physically active for a lifetime. Physical education programs can only provide these benefits if they are
well-planned and well-implemented.

 Improved Physical Fitness: Improves children's muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance,
body composition and cardiovascular endurance.

 Skill Development: Develops motor skills, which allow for safe, successful and satisfying participation
in physical activities.

 Regular, Healthful Physical Activity: Provides a wide-range of developmentally appropriate activities

for all children.

 Support of Other Subject Areas: Reinforces knowledge learned across the curriculum. Serves as a lab
for application of content in science, math and social studies.

 Self-Discipline: Facilitates development of student responsibility for health and fitness.

 Stress Reduction: Physical activity becomes an outlet for releasing tension and anxiety, and facilitates
emotional stability and resilience.

 Strengthened Peer Relationships: Physical education can be a major force in helping children socialize
with others successfully and provide opportunities to learn positive people skills.

 Improved Self-confidence and Self-esteem: Physical education instills a stronger sense of self-worth in
children based on their mastery of skills and concepts in physical activity. They can become more
confident, assertive, independent and self-controlled.

Individual/Dual Vs Team Sport

Individual/Dual Sports - foster a higher amount of discipline self-confidence, focus and passion

Team Sports - many variables are considered to determine the success or failure of the team. It depends
on the collective effort of its players.
Module 2

Brief History of Badminton

In 1934 the International Badminton Federation (IBF), which now known as the Badminton World
Federation, was established.

Badminton has its origins in ancient civilizations in Europe and Asia. The ancient game known as
battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000 years ago.

In the 1600s battledore and shuttlecock was an upper class pastime in England and many European
countries. Battledore and shuttlecock was simply two people hitting a shuttlecock backwards and
forwards with a simple bat as many times as they could without allowing it to hit the ground.

Battledore

Modern badminton can be traced to mid-19th century British India. It was created by British military
officers stationed there. A net was added to the traditional English game of battledore and shuttlecock.
As it was popular in the British garrison town of Poona, the game came to be known as "Poona" or
"Poonai" Initially, woollen balls were preferred by the upper classes in windy or wet conditions, but
ultimately shuttlecocks took over the role of a "ball." This game was taken by retired officers who got
back to England. It was introduced as a game for the guests of the Duke of Beaufort at his stately home
'Badminton' in Gloucestershire, England where it became popular. Hence, the origin of the name
"Badminton."

Badminton was invented long ago; a form of sport played in ancient Greece and Egypt. The game was
called "POONA" in India during the 18th Century, and British Army Officers stationed there took the
Indian version back to England in the 1860's. In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was
organized Badminton was first contested as an official Olympic sport at the 1992 Olympic games in
Barcelona, Spain.

Important Dates in the History of Badminton

1873 The sport of Badminton established in England and India

1903 First International completion, contested between England and Ireland

1907 Badminton Gazette, First Badminton Journal, published

1934 IBF, governing body of International Badminton, founded

1936 ABA, governing body of Badminton in the U.S, founded

1937 First U.S National Junior Championships held, Chicago

1948 Thomas cup, international team competition for men, stated.

1956 Uber Cup, international team competition for women, started

1969 First intercollegiate badminton championship for women held, New Orleans, LA

1975 First intercollegiate badminton championships for men held, Toledo, OH

1977 WBF founded; governs world badminton championships

1977 ABA changed name to USBA: offered individual memberships

1981 First world games held, included first participation by People’s Republic of China in

Open international competition, San Jose ,CA

1922 Badminton full medal sport in Olympic Games, Barcelona, Spain

1996 Mixed doubles a medal event in Olympic Games, Atlanta, GA

Facilities and Equipment

1. Racket- Badminton racket is quite light and can be made of wood, aluminium, metal or synthetic
materials such as graphite or carbon. A synthetic racket is quite popular now because of its extreme
lightness and strength. A badminton racket weighs roughly 98-100 grams ( 3 ½ oz), and 68 cm. in length .

a. Stringed Area- is intended to hit the shuttle. It is uniform pattern and does not exceed 280mm in
length and 220mm in width.

b. Head- bounds the stringed area.

c. Throat-(if present) connects the handle to the head.

d. Shaft- connects the handle to the head.

e. Ferrule- firmly connects the shaft and the handle.

f. Handle- is intended for player’s grip.

g. Butt- is located at the tip of the handle.

h. Frame- includes head, the throat, shaft, and the handle. It is no more than 680mm or wider than
230mm.

2. Shuttlecock- is the official name given to the shuttle or bird. It is made up of 16 goose feathers and is
firmly fixed in a leather covered cock head. It weighs from 4.74-5.50g it may be made of fathers, plastic
or nylon.

3. Court- Badminton courts are rectangular and are divided in half by a center net. Regardless of the
game type, courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles games. Both play styles require the
same court length of 44’ | 13.4 m, but double (full) courts are 20’ | 6.1 m wide and single courts are
reduced to 17’ | 5.18 m; shrinking by 1.5’ | .46 m on both sides

Module 3

Introduction

In the most basic sense Rules and regulations of every game provide an agreement of understanding to
competition. In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during situations on and off
the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms to how to keep score during games of
different levels of competition.

Badminton evolved from a similar game called battledore played in fifth century B.C. China. The people
in china then played a game called ti jian zi. A direct translation from this word “ti jian zi’ is kicking the
shuttle. As the name suggest, the objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground
without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do with the history of Badminton is up for
debate.

Basic General Rules and Regulations in Badminton

1. Serving

a. The server must keep both feet in contact with the floor at the time of the serve

b. The bird must be contacted below the waist

c. The racket head must be below the server’s wrist.

d. The server should not serve until the receiver is ready; the opponent is deemed ready if a return is
attempted

e. Partners of the server and receiver may stand anywhere on the court providing they do not obstruct
the opponent’s view

f. A bird that touches the net on the serve and goes into the proper service court is legal

g. If the server misses the bird on the serve attempt, it still counts. In singles and doubles the serve
would go to the opponent. The serve is lost to the opponent.

2. Serving Order-Singles

a. The first serve of the game and all following serves, when the server’s score is an even number, are
made from the right service court.

b. All serves, when the server’s score is an odd number, are made from the left service court.

c. When a rally is lost, the receiving player becomes the server and scores a point.

3. Serving Order-Doubles

a. There is only one server in doubles

b. At the beginning of the game and when the score is EVEN, the server serves from the RIGHT COURT.
When the score is ODD, the server serves from the LEFT COURT.

c. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same person serves again from
the alternate court.

d. If the serving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new
serving side.

e. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is
serving. You only change sides of the court, from the left to right, when your team has scored while
serving.

4. The winners of the first game serve first in the next game

5. Birds falling on the lines are considered good.

6. During a rally, a bird that touches the net and goes over is in play.

7. A fault (violation of rules)occurs if:

a. On the service, any part of the racket head is higher than the server’s wrist and contact is made above
the waist

b. The service fails to cross the net or go into the proper service court.

c. The feet of the server and receiver are not in the proper courts at time of service.
d. The server hesitates or stops (feint/balk) the service motion or misses the bird.

e. The improper receiver returns the bird on the serve.

f. A bird hit into the net, under the net, against the wall or ceiling is out-of-bounds.

g. A player hits the bird before it crosses the net.

h. The bird touches a player or clothing.

i. The player touches the net while the bird is in play.

j. The bird is hit twice in succession by one/both partners.

k. The bird is held, caught, or carried on the racket when struck.

l. A player obstructs an opponent

8. Let ( a play allowed to be played)

a. The bird becomes caught in or on the net after passing over the net

b. The following situations occur before the next serve and if the offending side wins the rally.

b.1. The correct server serves from the wrong court

b.2. The wrong server serves from either the correct/incorrect service court.

b.3. The correct receiver receives in the wrong court

Scoring Games

Since January 2006 World Badminton Federation changed the scoring system so now points are scored
after all rallies. Games are played to 21 with advantage of 2 and breaks are only at 11 or 21. Below is the
basic explanation for the new scoring system.

Simplified New Rally Points Scoring System

1. A match consists of the best 3 games of 21 points.

2. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.

3. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game

4. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.

5. The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Intervals and Change of Ends

1. When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.

2. A 2-minute interval between each game is allowed.

3. In the third game, player change ends when a side scores 11 points.

Safety/Etiquette

1. Keep a firm grip on the racket

2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket

3. Stay in your own court to avoid the possibility of collision with other players

4. Stop play if other players enter your court

5. Wait until there is a stop in action to retrieve a bird from another court

6. Be aware of the walls and the net posts.

7. Before play, agree on the boundaries and determine the first server.

8. Players call their own lines; replay the point if in doubt.

9. Shake hands after the game/match.

Module 4

Fundamental Skills in Badminton

Kinds of Grip

Forehand Grip- this is popularly called the handshake grip for it means the palm to be parallel to the
face of the racket

Backhand Grip- This is slightly modified version of the forehand grip. It can be varied depending on the
type of shop being hit.

1. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the hand leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas
backhand strokes are hit with the back of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles). Players
frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice versa

2. Backhand Stroke- Refer to any shot struck on the side away from the racket (Left-side for right
handed and the right side for the left-handed.

Each stroke, whether forehand or backhand, has three parts.

a. Backswing- involves all movement of the body away from the target

b. Hitting action- includes all forward motion until the racket contacts the shuttle.

c. Follow-through- involves all movement from contact until the player is back in a position to await the
opponent’s next shot.

3. Underhand Stroke Used when the approaching shuttle is low and in front of the player.

Steps in Executing the Underhand Stroke

a. In the backswing position, drop the racket head down and back.

b. Move the racket foot forward in the direction of the spot where the shuttle would be hit on the floor,
weight will transfer to the front foot.

c. The wrist cock during the backswing, hyper –extending on the forehand side but flexing on the
backhand side.

d. Move the arm forward while the wrist remains cocked.

e. Hit the target shuttle combining the three movements in accelerating with full and rapid upward
movement on the hand towards the target, including a vigorous uncocking on the wrist

4. Overhand/Overhead Stroke

a. Lift both arms overhead, sharply bend the elbow of the racket arm and move the racket foot in the
direction of the area where the shuttle hit the floor.

b. The non-racket provides the balance. It should be higher that the head and point toward the incoming
shuttle when you are hitting a forehand; and it will be nearer shoulder level and behind the shuttle when
you are hitting a backhand.

c. During the execution of a smash (overhead shot head forcefully at a steeper downward angle) the
wrist sometimes moves fast extension to a flexed during the follow-through.

5. Side Arm Stroke

If the opponent uses a drive (fast, low shot with a flat trajectory) to hit the shuttle parallel to sidelines
and you reach it at a height between your waist and your shoulder, return it with a side arm stroke.

Steps in Executing the Sidearm Stroke

a. Motion of forehand is similar to throwing a baseball side arm whiles the backhand side depending on
getting the thumb behind the grip where it can provide leverage.

b. The body turns toward the sideline nearest the shuttle, and the foot moves toward the anticipated
contact point on both the forehand and backhand sides.

Footwork

Footwork includes the stance you assume while waiting for the opponent (Ready position , the step you
take in getting into position to stroke the shuttle (Moving into hitting Position) , the relationship of the
feet during the hitting action (Footwork during the Hitting Action), and returning to the base before your
opponents hits again (Footwork during recovery.

Ready Position

a. Established both feet at the moment the opponent is hitting the shuttle.

b. Feet should be shoulder width apart, one foot slightly ahead of the other better balance.

c. Knees remain flexed at all to allow player to move fast around the court.
d. Remember to position yourself at the centre court to reach any return.

Moving into Hitting Action

a. Consider to take along first step with the racket foot when moving forward in the court for effective
technique

b. Pivot your left or right foot when moving to the rear of the court. If the shuttle hits your backhand
side, pivot is followed by crossover steps with right

c. Use shuffle or short steps to reach the shuttle, avoiding further crossover steps

Footwork During the Hitting Action For Forehand.

a. When the shuttle is behind you on the forehand side or directly overhead, faces the forehand sideline
or front corner.

b. During the hitting action, transfer your weight to your front foot, raising the heel of your back foot
well off the floor.

c. Powerful hitting could be displayed through hitch kick or scissor kick, in which both feet came off the
floor at the same time.

For Backhand

a.When the shuttle is behind you, pivot and crossover so that you face the backhand sideline or back
corner.

b. Transfer your weight onto the foot closest to your target as you strike the shuttle

c. Back heel will come high off the floor, and the toe of your back foot may drag across the surface.

Footwork during Recovery

a. If in front court, it is efficient to recover with a long step with a racket foot, followed by shuttle steps
as needed.

b. When you have hit from the eight feet of the court, or your backcourt, the first recovery step will also
be with the racket foot.

The essence of a Good Footwork

a. Get to the shuttle quickly.

b. Be in a position to strike with power and control

c. Recover quickly to position for any possible return.