LOGISTICS

Chapter 05: Packaging and Materials Handling

Lecturer: Nguyen Dang Quang Huy (MSc.)

huyndq@uef.edu.vn
 Learning outcomes

• To know how product features affect packaging and materials handling

• To familiarize you with packaging fundamentals such as packaging functions

and labeling

• To appreciate select issues that affect packaging such as environmental

protection and packaging inefficiencies
• To learn about unit loads and the unit load platform
• To identify materials handling principles and materials handling equipment

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 Contents
Packaging & Materials Handling

 Product characteristics
 Packaging Fundamentals and Functions
 Packaging testing & monitoring
 Issues in Packaging
 Unit loads
 Materials Handling

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 Learning Materials

Paul R. Murphy, Jr., A. Michael

Knemeyer., (2018). Contemporary
Logistics (12th edition).
Global Edition. Pearson

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 Product characteristics
 Physical Characteristics
 Substance form (solid, liquid, and gas)
 Density of bulk materials
 Ability to withstand exposure to
elements

 Chemical Characteristics
 Incompatible products
 Products requiring chemicals

 Characteristics must be made

known to consumers

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 Packaging Fundamentals
 Building-blocks concept
• Smallest unit is consumer package

• Each unit is stocked within the next larger one to

protect the product

 Packaging
• Refers to materials used for the containment,
protection, handling, delivery, and presentation of
goods

• Serves three general functions

o To promote

o To protect

o To identify (label) the relevant product

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 The Building-Blocks
Concept of Packaging:
A Summary

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 Promotional & Protective Functions of Packaging
1. Enclose materials
2. Restrain materials from undesired
movement
3. Separate contents to prevent undesired
contact
4. Cushion contents from outside
vibrations and shocks
5. Support the weight of identical
containers stacked above
6. Position the contents to provide
maximum protection
7. Provide for uniform weight
distribution
8. Provide exterior surface for labeling
9. Be tamperproof
10. Be safe for consumers or others

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 Package Testing and Monitoring
 A package system requires 3 types of
information to design
o Severity of the distribution environment
o Fragility of the product
o Performance characteristics of various
cushion materials
 Package testing
 Vibrations
 Dropping
 Horizontal impacts
 Compression
 Overexposure to extreme temperatures
or moisture
 Rough handling
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 Examples of alert labels

Kaiser Aluminum’s Moisture-Alert Label

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 Labeling

1. Retro reflective labels

2. Batch numbers
3. Weight
4. Specific contents
5. Instructions for use
6. Information to allow passage through
customs
7. Compliance labeling
8. One- or two-dimensional bar codes
9. Smart labels or RFID labels

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 Examples of
Shipping Labels

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 Issues in packaging

 Environmental Protection
 Reduce packing materials used

 Use packaging materials that are more

environmentally friendly with recycled
content

 Use reusable containers

 Retain or support services that collect used

packaging and recycle it

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 Identifying Packaging inefficiencies
• Building-blocks concept is useful for analyzing
packaging inefficiencies.

• Packaging inefficiencies can have a number of

undesirable logistics consequences including:

 Increased loss

 Increase damage

 Slower materials handling

 Higher storage costs

 Higher transportation costs

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 Packaging’s influence on transportation considerations

 Carrier’s tariffs and classifications

influence the type of packaging and
packing methods that must be used.
 Carriers established classifications for 2
main reasons:

• Product density lead to the best use of

the equipment’s weight and volume
capabilities  Packaging specifications

• Carrier specifications for protective

Boxmaker’s Guarantee packaging reduce likelihood of damage to
products thus reducing loss and damage
claims filed against the carrier.

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 Unit Loads in Materials Handling
 A unit load (unitization) refers to
consolidation of several units (cartons
or cases) into larger units:
 Improve efficiency in handling

 Reduce shipping costs.

 Handling efficiency can be facilitated

by mechanical devices (pallet jack or
forklift) as well as by using a pallet or
skid.

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 Unit Loads in Materials Handling

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 Unit Loads in Materials Handling

Advantages Disadvantages

• Additional protection • Provides large quantity that

• Pilferage is discouraged sometimes is of limited value
to resellers dealing in smaller
• More fragile items can be quantities.
stacked inside the load
• Must use mechanical or
• Mechanical devices can be automated device to move.
substituted for hand labor

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 Automated Guided Vehicle - AGV

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 Unit Loads in Materials Handling

• Beyond the unit load

 Use of load-planning software

 Bracing

 Inflatable dunnage bags

• Weighing out

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 Use of load-planning software

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 Inflatable dunnage bags

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 Materials Handling

• Materials handling: short-distance movement

that usually takes place within the confines of a
building such as a plant or DC and between a
building and a transportation service provider.

• How the products are handled depends on

whether they are packaged or in bulk.

• Handling may change the characteristics of the

product.

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 10 Materials Handling Principles
A. Environmental impact and energy consumption should be considered as criteria when
designing or selecting alternative equipment and material handling systems
B. Effective and efficient use must be made of all available space.
C. Material handling work should be minimized without sacrificing productivity or the level of
service required of the operation
Planning 1.
D. Human capabilities and limitations must be recognized and respected in the design of material
Standardization 2. handling tasks and equipment to ensure safe and effective operations
E. All material handling should be the result of a deliberate plan where the needs, performance
Work 3. objectives and functional specification of the proposed methods are completely defined at the
outset
Ergonomic 4.
F. A thorough economic analysis should account for the entire life cycle of all material handling
Unit load 5. equipment and resulting systems.

Space utilization 6. G. Unit loads shall be appropriately sized and configured in a way which achieves the material
flow and inventory objectives at each stage in the supply chain.
System 7. H. Material movement and storage activities should be fully integrated to form a coordinated,
operational system which spans receiving, inspection, storage, production, assembly,
Automation 8. packaging, unitizing, order selection, shipping, transportation and the handling of returns.
Environmental 9. I. Material handling methods, equipment, controls and software should be standardized within
the limits of achieving overall performance objectives and without sacrificing needed
Life cycle cost 10. flexibility, modularity and throughput
J. Material handling operations should be mechanized and/or automated where feasible to
improve operational efficiency, increase responsiveness, improve consistency and
predictability, decrease operating costs and to eliminate repetitive or potentially unsafe
manual labor.
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 Materials Handling Equipment
• Two categories of handling equipment:
o Storage
• Shelves

• Racks

• Bins
Bins Conveyor systems

o Handling Lift trucks

• Conveyor systems

• Lift trucks

• Carts
Carts
• Cranes

Cranes
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 Materials Handling Equipment

• The choice of handling equipment can influence the type of storage equipment.

• The choice of storage equipment can influence the type of handling equipment.

Discuss and determine the reasons why these elements

influence each other.

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 End of chapter 05

LOGISTICS
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