MWAKICAN HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT TERM ONE 2019.

FORM 4 MARKING SCHEME

1 Political
Social
Economic
( 1 x1 = 1mk)

2 Ethiopian highlands (1 x 1 = 1mk)

3 I) Junior elders/anake
ii) intermediate elders/medium/Nthele
iii) Full elders/atumia ma kivalo
iv) Senior elders/atumia ma Ithembo
2 x 1 = 2mks

4 i) Remains of trade items like silk clothes,porcelain ware and plates brought by Chinese
ii) they are mentioned in some of the early documentaries about the coast
iii) There are some people of Chinese decent at Lamu who settled thereafter a shipwreck in the
early days.

2 x 1 = 2mks

5 i) Hammerton Treaty
ii) Frere Treaty
2 x 1 = 2mks

6 i) If one is disloyal to the state

ii) if during war one trades/communicates with the enemy
iii) If one reveals the country’s secrets to another country
iv) If one is sentenced for a period of twelve months within five years from the date of
registration.
v) if one stays out pf the country continuously for seven years without registering with the
Kenyan embassy abroad
vi) if registration was obtained through fraud
(2 x 1 = 2mks)
7 i) National flag
ii) National anthem
iii) Public seal
iv) Coat of arms
(2x1 =2mks)
8 I) it defines the structureand outlines the functions and powers of various
branches of government
ii) it clearly states the rights responsibilities of individuals
iii) it spells out the responsibilities of those in power/limits their authority /promotes good
governance
iv) it ensures equality of all Kenyans
v) it is the basis of all legislation in the country
(2 x 1 = 2mks)
9 it is a situation whereby everyone is entitled to directly participate in decision making.
 ( 1 x 1 = 1mk)
10 The Anglo-German Agreement of 1886 (1x1=1mk)

11 (i) Nandi (2) Somali (3) Bukusu (4) Agririama (1 x 1 = 1mk

12 (i) imposition of taxes on Africans

(ii) they used chiefs to recruit labour
(iii) they introduced forced labour
(2 x 1 = 2mks)

13 (i) Kikuyu independent schools Association (KISA)

(ii) Kikuyu Karing’a Education Association (KKEA)
2 x 1 = 2mks

14 (i) A.M Jeevanjee (iii) Pio Gama Pinto (iii) M.A.Desai

(iv) Makhan Singh
(1 x 1 = 1mk)

15 Environmental conservation/tree planting (1 x 1 = 1mk)

16 To promote the ruling party ideals in the house (1 x 1 = 1mk)

17 The chief registrar of the judiciary (1 x 1 = 1mk)

18 1. They participated in trade

2. They kept livestock
3. they hunted wild animals
4. they were gatherers
5. they practiced fishing
6. they practiced crafts
7. they made iron tools
8. they grew food crops
(5 x 1 = 5mks)

b) 1. The lowest social unit was the family which comprised of the father, his wife/wives and
children
2. several related families formed a clan
3. The Maasai were organized into age groups/age sets which were made up of people who
were circumcised at the same period
4. There was a warrior class whose duty was to defend the community/conduct raids
5. The Maasai believed in the existence of supreme God Enkai,who was the creator of the
universe
6. There was a religious leader,laibon who mediated netween the community and Enkai
7.They offered sacrifices to God in special places/celebrated the Eunoto that marked the grade
into moran
8. They believed in the existence of ancestral spirit whom they revered
5 x 2 =10mks

19(a) 1. The Muslim somali were strongly opposed to the threat of Christian British
2. They wanted to protect their pasture land and watering points
3. Their raiding activities were disrupted
 4. The Europeans wanted them to stop their nomadic lifestyle
5. Punitive expeditions sent by the Europeans
6. Division of Somali land into Italian and British spheres dividing the clans
(3 x 1 = 3mks)

b) 1 it led to land alienation

2 it led to introduction of forced labour
3 introduction of kipande system denied the Africans freedom of movement
4 racial discrimination in the areas of education and jobs
5 Introduction of western civilization undermined African culture e.g education and
medicine
6 There was introduction of hut tax
7 African rulers lost their authority
(6 x 2 = 12mks)
20(a) 1 They argued that Africans lacked the technical knowhow to produce quality crops
2 African labour would not be available to the European
3 Africans would bring unnecessary competition to a market that should be monopolized
by Europeans
4 Africans crops would be prone to diseases which would spread to settlers farms
(3 x 1 = 3mks)

b) 1 unemployment which led to increased poverty

2 lack of accommodation led to construction of slums
3 there was increased immorality and other social crimes
4 introduction of kipande to limit people moving to towns
5 lack of social facilities in African areas eg schools,hospitals,water,electricity etc
6 Africans got low wages,worked in unfavourable conditions and lived in overcrowded
areas leading to disease outbreak.
7. There was segregation in residential areas of urban centres.
(6 x 2 = 12mks)

21(a) 1 They demanded for more education for Africans

2 They demanded for the return of alienated land
3 They wanted the colonial government to abolish hut/poll tax
4 They demanded for the abolition of the kipande
5 They demanded for the better working and living conditions
6 They demanded that elections to the legislative council be on a common roll
7 They demanded for the abolition of forced labour
8 They demanded an end to compulsory destocking
9 They demanded the relocation of colonial status

(b) 1 Acquisition of Western Education by many Africans enabled them to understand

political developments at international level and forcefully demanded for independence.
2 The experiences of the ex-soldiers in the second world war made them realize that
Europeans were not superior hence the demand for self rule.
3 The realization by Britain that colonies were expensive to administer hence the need to
grant them self rule/the rise of power of British labour Party.
4 The granting of independence to former British colonies in 1947 Pakstan and Ghana in
1957 inspired Africans in demanding for political independence
5 The support given by non-Africans in demanding for political independence gave Africans
confidence to press for political freedom
 6 The decolonization policy by the United Nations inspired African nationalists to press on for
independence.
7 The failure by the colonial government tor reward the ex-world war 11 soldiers increased
the agitation for independence
5 x 2 = 10mks
22(a) (i) In a situation of war
(ii) when suppressing a riot/rebellion
(iii) When preventing a person from committing a crime
(iv) When preventing escape of a lawfully detained person
(v) When effecting a lawful arrest
(vi) When defending oneself/property
3 x 1 = 3mks

b) 1 Rights are inherent to human beings. One has rights purely because they are human
2 Help human beings to achieve a dignified life/prevent dignity of individual and community
3 Respect of human rights limits internal and external conflicts and strengthens national
unity
4 it promotes social justice
5 Helps to promote democracy
6 Help to justify special treatment of minorities and special groups
7 Right empower citizens and residents by giving them control in decision making organs of
the state. Human beings have a voice when standing against the violation of their vital
interests by state.
(6 x 2 = 12mks)

23(a) 1 provision of civic education

2 collective views from the public
3 drafting the constitution(by a special body)
4 the draft constitution is published for the public/disseminated
5 the review commission holds public hearings in all the areas for further recommendations
6 convening of a National constitutional conference to amend or reject the
recommendations
7 The agreed upon issues are re-drafted and presented to the Attorney General by review
commission
8 if certain issues are rejected at the conference the commission organizes a referendum for
the public to vote
9 the Attorney General publishes the draft constitution in form of a bill
10 It is introduced in parliament for enactment
( 5 x 1 = 5mks)

b) 1 it provided for a governor General who was the head of state on behalf of Queen
2 it provided for an independent judiciary to ensure justice and to prevent corruption
3 it set up a judicial service commission to appoint judicial officers
4 it provided that the Governor in consultation with regional authorities and the prime
ministers appoint the chief justice.
5 it provided for six regional Governments and Assemblies shoes power included control of
land,of land, education,health and the police(fedoral)
6 it entrenched rules of citizenship,fundamental rights of citizens,amendment procedure and
the tenure of office of judges and Attorney General
7 it provided for position of a prime Minister as the head of Government
8 it provided for tenure of the office of the judges and the Attorney General
 9 it provided for a bicameral House consisting of the senate and House of Representatives
5 x 2 = 10mks

24(a) 1 supreme court 2. Court of appeal

3 chief magistrate courts 4 resident magistrate courts
5 district magistrate courts 6 Kadhi~s courts
7 Special tribunals
5 x 1 = 5mks

b) 1 to balance power and distribute it among the three arms of the government
2 to check the excess of power among the three
3 to ensure there is no aim that is too powerful and abuse power
4 to ensure there is good governance
5 to ensure the independence of each arm
6 to promote democracy and protect peoples rights
7 to ensure there is the rule of law
8 to ensure dispensation of service in an efficient manner
(5 x 2 = 10mks)