VIHIGA COUNTY HISTORY ASSOCIATION (VICHA)

TERM ONE 2024 PRE-MOCK

PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. List two examples of electronic sources of information on history and government.
i. Microfilm
ii. Film
iii. Video
iv. Radio
v. Television
vi. Databanks
vii. Database
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
2. State two physical characteristics of Homo erectus
i. Upright posture/walked in two limps/Bipedal
ii. Large brain capacity of up to 1100cc
iii. Highly intelligent
iv. Communicated using speech
v. Large 51/2 feet tall
vi. Possessed a prominent brow ridge over eyes
Any 2 x 1
=2mks
3. Mention the form of writing that developed in Egypt as a result of early agriculture
i. Hieroglyphic
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
4. Identify two traditional forms of water transport
ii. Rafts
iii. Canoes/dugout canoe
iv. Oar-driven boats
v. Sailing ships/dhaws
Any 2 x 1
=2mks
5. Give the main item of trade during Trans-Atlantic trade.
i. Slaves
Any 1 x 1=
1mk
6. State two factors that facilitated the spread of iron working in Africa.
ii. Trade
iii. Migration
 iv. Travelers or messengers
v. Warfare
vi. Agriculture
Any 2 x 1
=2mks
7. List two factors that contributed to the decline of Meroe.
i. Exhaustion of forest through charcoal burning /Deforestation
ii. Attack and conquest of king Ezana of Axum in 350 AD
iii. Stiff competition in trade from neighboring kingdoms of Akusm in Ethiopia
Any 2 x 1
=2mks
8. Outline one importance of Odwira festival among the Asante.
i. The dead could be honored
ii. Fostered national unity
iii. Omanhene could pledge loyalty to Asante hene
iv. Settling dispute
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
9. State two forms of monarchical system of government.
i. Absolute monarchy
ii. Constitutional monarchy
Any 2 x 1
=2mks
10. Name one province acquired by Germany from France during the Franco-Mandinka war 1870-1871
i. Alsace
ii. Lorraine
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
11. Outline two communities that participated in the Maji Maji rebellion in Tanganyika 1905-1907.
i. Zaroma
ii. Matumbi
iii. Ngindo
iv. Lugaru
v. Ndendeule
vi. Pogoro
vii. Mbunga bena
any 2 x 1
=2mks
12. Name the British High Commissioner who introduced indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.
i. Fredrick Lugard
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
13. State the major political party that led South Africa to independence in 1994.
i. African National Congress (ANC)
14. Mention the immediate cause of the First World War.
i. Assassination of Frank Ferdinand in Sarajevo/ Sarajevo assassination
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
15. Give two reasons why the United States of America was neutral in the First World War upto 1917
i. USA did not want to involve herself in the quarrels of European powers (Monroe doctrine of 1822)
ii. USA had commercial/trade relations with both parties
iii. The war had not interfered with her interest until 1917
iv. There were people of German descent in USA and therefore she feared them starting a war in her
soil / she did not want to provoke/offend citizens of German origin/ stirring civil war un the
country
Any 2 x 1 =2mks
16. Mention the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations
i. To maintain world peace and security
Any 1 x 1
=1mk
17. Name the headquarters of the United Nations.
i. New York, USA
Any 1 x 1
=1mk

SECTION B (45 Marks)

Answer any three questions in this section
18. a) State five uses of fire by early humans.
i. Kept human warm during cold nights
ii. Flames of fire could give light at night
iii. Provided protection by frightening wild animals
iv. Used fire to harden tips of tools
v. Used in hunting
vi. Used to cook and soften food
Any 5 x 1 =5mks
b) Explain five results of Agrarian Revolution in Britain.
i. It led to increased food production
ii. It led to increased human population due to abundance of food
iii. It resulted to emergence of social classes
iv. There was unemployment which was caused by introduction of farm machines
v. Rural-urban migration which was prompted by land enclosure system
vi. Industrialization was witnessed due increased raw materials
vii. There was improved living standard of those who got employed in the industries
viii. Royal agricultural society facilitated exchange of ideas among farmers
 Any 5 x 2 =10mks
19. a) Highlight three characteristics of Roman roads.
i. They were straight
ii. Raised above ground to avoid flooding
iii. Well drained
iv. Had bridges across rivers/tunnels through hills
v. They were durable
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
b) Explain six positive impacts of telecommunication today.
i. They have increased interaction between people in many parts of the world
ii. Helped people to manage information efficiently e.g storage and processing of data by computer
iii. Promoted entertainment through music
iv. Has promoted trade as business people are able to communicate/advertise their goods
v. It has promoted security by using radio and telephone to fight crime
vi. Has provided employment to many people working in the related telecommunication companies
vii. It has provided the government with revenue through paying of taxes
viii. It provides entertainment as one can watch videos, play games or music
ix. It promotes education programs as information can be accessed online/e-learning
Any 6 x 2 =12mks
20. a) Mention three metals that were used in pre-colonial Africa.
i. Bronze
ii. Gold
iii. Copper
iv. Iron
v. Tin
vi. Silver
Any 3 x 1 =3mks
b) Explain six factors that promoted industrialization in Brazil.
i. Availability of skilled labour manpower who operated the machines
ii. External markets with other countries where it sold her goods
iii. Enough natural resources are available like coal , iron e.t.c which provided raw materials to the
industries
iv. Development of banking which provided loans to individuals who wanted to venture in business
v. Improved transport and communication like railway and telephone lines which eased movement
and communications
vi. Good economic policies which encouraged development of industries in the country
vii. Availability of hydroelectric power and coal which increased the production in the industries
viii. Large population which provided unskilled labour needed in the industries
ix. Availability of domestic markets provided by her large population
Any 6 x 2 =12mks

21. a) State five methods used by nationalists in Ghana in the struggle for independence.
 i. Use of public rallies to mobilize masses
ii. Used protest and demonstrations
iii. Wrote publications and various forms of literature e.g Nkrumah Accra Evening News
iv. Used international forums
v. Used negotiations/ constitutional negotiation
vi. Used mass media
vii. They formed trade union that mobilized workers to support independence struggle
Any 5 x 1 =5mks
b) Discuss five factors that undermined the activities of the Front for Liberation Mozambique(FRELIMO).
i. Server shortage of food and clothes in liberated areas which made peasants to migrate and
withdraw their support for the movement
ii. Portuguese had strict laws which outlawed political movements in the country
iii. Ideological differences which led to the formation of rival liberation movements such as COREMO
iv. Portuguese government ruthlessly suppressed nationalist movement e.g through Arrest , detention
and Killings
v. FRELIMO was denied western aid inspite of mondlane’s request
vi. Attitude of catholic church was hostile towards FRELIMO/ The church supported colonial
government and termed FRELIMO as terrorist
vii. Assassination of its leaders e.g Mondlane demorolazed its members
viii. Ethnicity posed a big challenge to the movement struggle in Mozambique
ix. South Africa apartheid government gave reinforcement to the Portuguese
Any 5 x 2 =10mks
P
SECTION C (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions in this section
22. a) Name five officials who assisted Mwene Mutapa in the administration of the Shona Empire.
i. Queen mother
ii. Queen sister
iii. Emperors nine wives
iv. Army commander
v. Head drummer
vi. Head cook
vii. Head door keeper
Any 5 x 1 =5mks
th
b) Describe the political organization of the Asante kingdom in the 19 Century.
i. Asante empire was ruled by the Asatehene/King.
ii. The kingdom was divided into provinces led by Omanhene / The state kings were called Omanhene
iii. Each of these state kings were required to swear an oath of allegiance to Asantehene
iv. Had a standing army which defended the kingdom against attacks
v. Had a golden stool which acted as a symbol of unity
vi. Hwad a well-established judicial/ court system based at Kumasi headed by Asante hene
vii. Had an annual odwira festival which strengthened/ United them
 viii. Each Omanhene had a black stool as a symbol of authority in their provinces/states
Any 5points x 2
=10mks

23. a) State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria
i. Lack of enough personnel
ii. It was cost effective / cheap
iii. It helped to dilute African resistance
iv. Poor transport and communication networks
v. It had succeeded in Uganda and India
vi. There was already existed a well-established African traditional system of government
Any 5 x 1 =5mks

b) Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of assimilation in Senegal.
i. The policy was expensive to implement e.g education
ii. African chiefs who lost their authority strongly opposed the policy of assimilation
iii. Inadequate personnel to assist in the supervision process of assimilation
iv. Some Africans opposed the policy for they were unwilling to change their culture
v. The French feared loss of labour on their farms
vi. Some French feared that Africans will outnumber them in the French chamber hence passing laws
that would favour the blacks
vii. Africans who were Muslims opposed the idea of converting to Christianity
viii. There was fear by some Frenchmen that the assimilated Africans could be economic rivals
ix. The high standards expected by the French for one to be assimilated made the policy unworkable
x. The rise of African nationalism undermined the policy of assimilation
xi. Racial discrimination against the indigenous people also contributed to the failure of the system
Any 5 x 2 =10mks
24. a) State five causes of the First World war.
i. The system of alliances encouraged European countries to be more aggressive
ii. The defeat of France by Germany during Franco Prussian war made France to look for revenge
iii. The arms race in Europe encouraged countries to be more aggressive/ Arms race
iv. The disagreement between Britain, France and Germany over morocco created tension/Moroccan
crisis
v. Nationalism in the Balkan states fueled the already existing political rivalry in Europe
vi. The assassination of Austria heir Franz Ferdinand
Any 5 x 1 =5mks

b) Explain five results of the second war.

i. Many lives were lost due to starvation and injuries
ii. The bomb that was dropped in Japan released radioactive substances which affected the lives of
many long after the war
iii. Property of unknown value were destroyed
 iv. It affected the economy of most countries/ Agriculture and industries were disrupted due to lack of
equipment’s, raw materials and human resources/economic depression
v. Civil casualties were many through bombings
vi. It led to the spread of communism in Europe
vii. It led to emergence of two world super powers, USA and USSR
viii. Germany was divided into two east and west Germany
ix. The war created better feelings, suspension and mistrust among countries that fought in it
x. There was wide spread of unemployment
xi. It led to improved military technology
xii. It led to formation United Nation to promote world peace and security
xiii. It resulted into division of Europe into opposing blocks capitalism and communism
Any 5 x 2
=10mks