SAFETY MANAGEMENT

GROUP 3

Calica, Ryan
Gabaon, Jerryl Kesha
Estioco, Manilyn
Estorco, Reynald Andre
Edson, Esteban
Bautista, Jayvee
Parong Jr.,Domingo Cirilo
Martinez, Blefpher
Salvador, Dan
Valdez, Aeron

Instructor: Engr. Pablo M. Medriano Jr.

 VALUE BASED SAFETY AND OFF THE JOB SAFETY

I. Safety as a Value: Choice vs. Compliance

Safety
-Freedom from danger, harm, risk, or injury; security.
Value
-Intrinsically valuable or desirable; to regard highly.

Applying the value concept to safety

The concept of safety as a value can simply be viewed as an ethic that guides the way an
individual views safety and safety-related behavior – be it at work, in public or at home. This
ethic dictates behavior in the same way as other ethics.
In the workplace, it means that safety is not simply viewed as a top priority on par with
productivity; rather, it is an ethic that guides everything and employees do – safety is never
compromised.

 Safety as a choice
-It is condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any
other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety is a living evolving concept, not a
static paperwork exercise.

Choice:
-is in your heart and mind
- you set the standard higher
- you do it because it is the right thing to do

How to make Good Choices:

1. Gut Instincts
This is an experiential and/or emotional filter that may often times have no current
underpinning of hard analytical support. That said, in absence of other decisioning filters it can
sometimes be all a person has to go on when making a decision. Even when more refined
analytics are available, your instincts can often provide a very valuable gut check against the
reasonability or bias of other inputs. The big take away here is that intuitive decisioning can be
refined and improved. A good advice is to actually work at becoming very discerning.
2. Knowledge
Knowledge is information that has been refined by analysis such that it has been
assimilated, tested and/or validated. Most importantly, knowledge is actionable with a high
degree of accuracy because proof of concept exists.
3. Risk
You also need to weigh the risk in any given situation. Low-risk situations may not need
more time and resources. But risk cuts both ways — you may risk missing an opportunity or
giving the wrong impression if you take too long to make your decision or find that you’ve made
the wrong call if you try to rush it, Faulkner says. Looking at the benefits and drawbacks of each
approach can lead you in the right direction

 Safety as a Compliance
It means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or laws. Having a
written safety policy is part of being in compliance, but it is totally useless for safety purposes if
it is only on a piece of paper in a file in the safety office.
Safety compliance refers to the state of being in accordance with established safety
standards and regulations, or the process of becoming so. Safety compliance is regulated by
safety compliance companies or organizations, as well as government legislation, and is
monitored and enforced by these bodies to ensure compliance with the established standards.
Businesses or companies in all industries must comply with safety regulations that are relevant to
their industry.
Compliance:
- is on paper
- someone else sets the standard
- generally delegated to the "safety person"

For an Incident & Injury Free (IIF) culture to be successful, we must choose to work safe
each and every day. A positive safety culture stems from our safe choices and our behavior.
So, what is the difference between working safely because we are choosing to and working
safely because we have to?
Here are a few examples of different actions based on choice vs. command. We either
choose behavior based on our set of values or because someone else is telling us to.

Action by Choice
1. Individual has the power to choose
2. Responsible for consequences. “I wanted to do it”
3. Not easily influenced once choice is made
4. Driven by our own value set
5. Credible for making the right choice
6. The performance bar can be raised, source of pride and accomplishment

Action by Compliance
1. Comply due to consequences
2. Blame for consequence can be misdirected. “You made me do it...”
3. Behavior can be easily influenced
4. Driven by someone else’s priorities
5. Lack of credibility for outcome. “That’s just what you’re supposed to do”

Incident & Injury Free culture treats safety as a value in which every individual is
responsible for working toward the elimination of all injuries while simultaneously promoting
and instilling the same safety values in those around you. Creating an IIF environment is about
taking action, caring for one another and demonstrating that care on a daily basis. It’s a choice!

II. Off the Job Safety (Residences and Public Places)

 Home Safety
-Refers to the awareness and education of risk and potential danger in and around a house which
may cause harm, injury or even death to those residing around.

Home safety tips to follow:

1. Don’t neglect safety housekeeping – safety housekeeping refers to the arrangements or
orderliness of the things inside the house.
2. Always remember home fire safety – never leave cooking unattended, store flammable
materials away from stoves.
3. Eliminate electrical risk – do not overload electrical outlets, and always unplug
appliances when not in use.
4. Always practice proper food safety – make sure your kitchen is clean, and always handle
kitchen tools properly.
5. Prepare emergency kits – you should have the typical emergency response items in an
easy-to-access location.
  Recreational Safety

Outdoor Safety
The most effective way to prevent mishaps is to adequately prepare for the trip. Knowledge of
the area, weather, terrain, limitations of your body, plus a little common sense can help to ensure
a safe and enjoyable trip.

  Travel with a companion. You don't want to be by yourself in case of an emergency.

Leave a copy of your itinerary with a responsible person. Include such details as the
make, year, and license plate of your car, the equipment you're bringing, the weather
you've anticipated, and when you plan to return. If you'll be entering a remote area, your
group should have a minimum of four people; this way, if one is hurt, another can stay
with the victim while two go for help. If you'll be going into an area that is unfamiliar to
you, take along someone who knows the area or at least speak with those who do before
you set out. If an area is closed, do not go there. Know ahead of time the location of the
nearest telephone or ranger station in case an emergency does occur on your trip.
 Be in good physical condition. Set a comfortable pace as you hike. A group trip should
be designed for the weakest member of the group. If you have any medical conditions,
discuss your plans with your health care provider and get approval before departing.
Make sure you have the skills you need for your camping or hiking adventure. You may
need to know how to read a compass, erect a temporary shelter, or give first aid. Practice
your skills in advance. If your trip will be strenuous, get into good physical condition
before setting out. If you plan to climb or travel to high altitudes, make plans for proper
acclimatization to the altitude.
 Think about your footing while traveling near cliffs. Trees and bushes can't always be
trusted to hold you. Stay on developed trails or dry, solid rock areas with good footing.
 Wear appropriate clothing for the trail conditions and season.
 Check your equipment. Keep your equipment in good working order. Inspect it before
your trip. Do not wait until you are at the trailhead. Be sure to pack emergency signaling
devices.
 Be weather wise. Keep an eye on current and predicted weather conditions. In this area,
weather can change very quickly. Know the signs for approaching storms or changing
weather conditions. Avoid bare ridge tops, exposed places, lone trees, streams, and rocks
during lightning storms. Find shelter in a densely forested area at a lower elevation. Even
in the summer, exposure to wind and rain can result in hypothermia.
 Learn basic first aid so you will know how to identify and treat injuries and illnesses.
Carry a first aid kit with you. Learn how to identify the symptoms of heat exhaustion,
heat stroke, hypothermia, and dehydration, and know how to treat them.
 Make camp before dark. Traveling after darkness has resulted in many accidents from
falls, so travel only during daylight. Set up camp well away from the edge of cliffs, and
learn the terrain during daylight. If you have to leave camp after dark, stay in areas you
have seen in daylight, go with a friend, and always use a good flashlight.
 Be alert for slippery areas and take your time to avoid tripping. Low-hanging branches
and variable terrains make running unsafe, and leaves can hide slippery areas
underneath.
 Alcohol and cliffs don't mix! If you drink, stay away from the cliffs. Judgment, agility,
and balance are all reduced by alcohol consumption.
 Think before you drink! No matter how clean or pure stream water looks, it's likely to
contain water-borne parasites and microorganisms that can cause discomfort and
sometimes serious illness. Pack your water in, or purify through chemical treatment.

Outdoor Safety: If You Get Lost

 Pay close attention to your surroundings and landmarks, and relate this to your
 location on a map.
 Stay calm if you get lost. Panic is your greatest enemy. Try to remember how you got
to your present location.
 Trust your map and compass, and do not walk aimlessly. If you are on a trail, don't
leave it.
 Stay put if it is nightfall, if you are injured, or if you are near exhaustion.
 As a last resort, follow a drainage or stream downhill. This can be hard going but
will often lead to a trail or road.

 Public Safety
In roads and highways venues, every year nearly 36,000 people are killed and more than
3.5 million people are injured in motor vehicle crashes, making it the leading cause of
unintentional injuries and death for people between the age of 1 to 33. There are many different
issues affecting families traveling on the road and simple steps to reduce your likelihood of
getting into a motor vehicle crash.

Highway Safety Issues:

 Driver Skills, Attitudes and Behaviors
 Distracted Driving
 Young Drivers
 Alcohol
 Lack of Occuoant protection
 Large Ttucks- 4,800 deaths
 3,600 are occupants of other vehicles
 Pedestrians- 5,900 deaths

Traffic Safety Tips:

 Avoid Using Cellphones
 Minimize Distractions
 Stay alert
 Set as a good example

In Public Places:
 Be aware on your surroundings
  Lock your car in parking lots and when driving especially in an unfamiliar area.
 Don’t carry a large amount of cash in your purse or wallet
 Keep personal belongings secure

III. Safety as Related to Health Practices

Safety
-The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. The
main goal of safety and health programs is to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths,
as well as the suffering and financial hardship these events can cause for workers, their families,
and employers. The recommended practices use a proactive approach to managing
workplace safety and health.

Health Practices
 Make the workplace safe
 Prevent risk to health
 Make sure that all materials are handled, stored and use safely.
 Provide adequate first aid facilities
 Set up emergency plans

Principles
1. “All injuries and work-related illness can and must be prevented.”
In order to prevent injuries and illnesses, we must not be considered a normal part of our
industry. Everyone has a responsibility to prevent injuries and illnesses; it is only by working
together that we will achieve a safe and healthy workplace. Implement a safety management
system that includes risk assessment and hazard identification and control to prevent injuries and
illnesses.

2. “Managers are responsible and accountable for safety and health performance.
It is essential that managers support safety and health initiatives in a consistent way on a
daily basis. It lends credibility and thoughtfulness to every task, big or small. By leading the
initiatives consistently, managers demonstrate their leadership and commitment. If the leaders do
not visibly change their behavior, nothing will. Managers should set priorities, establish goals
and seek and provide resources for safety and health matters and they should lead them.

3. “Employee engagement and training is essential.

Everyone must be involved in a meaningful way, on a daily basis, to support injury and
illness prevention. Through constant exposure to safe practices, people will develop behaviour
that ensures each task is safe. Engaged and empowered employees will choose to work safely
themselves and ensure others do as well. They will also feel comfortable to contribute their ideas
for safety and health improvement. Involvement and recognition of the employee will promote
good safety and health results.
Training is an essential part of an effective safety and health system. All employees must
undertake the necessary training, skills and tools to do their job safely. Employees need to show
a willingness to be trained and must apply their acquired knowledge and skills. With the right
training, each person can perform independent job risk assessment.

4. “Excellence in safety and health drives excellent business results.

Caring about the well-being of our people is the essence of successful leadership. Good
safety and health is good business and has a positive impact on employees. Engaging people in
safety and health discipline also contributes to improved business results. Prevention of injuries
and illnesses creates a competitive advantage by having our most valuable resource – our people
– at work. All resources are jeopardized by workplace incidents, which result in production
losses and downtime for investigations. The costs of incidents (with or without injuries) and
illnesses undermine competitiveness.
 5. “Safety and health is integrated into all business management processes.
Safety and health should be included in all new and existing business processes, for
example, managing assets, production, projects and administration. It should be reassessed
before any changes are applied. When safety and health are consistently brought to the forefront
of business decisions and processes, people develop an appreciation for the importance of the
topic. People understand what is expected of them and have the knowledge to work safely.

 Workers Protection and Protective Clothing

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

It is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to
protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards addressed by protective
equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate
matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety and
health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities. "Protective clothing" is
applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such as pads,
guards, shields, or masks, and others.
Personal protective equipment can be categorized by the area of the body protected, by
the types of hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory.

Respirators
Respirators serve to protect the user from breathing in contaminants in the air, thus
preserving the health of one's respiratory tract. There are two main types of respirators. One type
of respirator functions by filtering out chemicals and gases, or airborne particles, from the air
breathed by the user. The filtration may be either passive or active (powered). Gas
masks and particulate respirators are examples of this type of respirator. A second type of
respirator protects users by providing clean, respirable air from another source. This type
includes airline respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). In work
environments, respirators are relied upon when adequate ventilation is not available or other
engineering control systems are not feasible or inadequate.

Skin protection
Any form of PPE that acts as a barrier between the skin and the agent of exposure can be
considered skin protection. Because much work is done with the hands, gloves are an essential
item in providing skin protection. Some examples of gloves commonly used as PPE
include rubber gloves, cut-resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves and heat-resistant gloves. Other than
gloves, any other article of clothing or protection worn for a purpose serve to protect the
skin. Lab coats for example, are worn to protect against potential splashes of chemicals. Face
shields serve to protect one's face from potential impact hazards, chemical splashes or possible
infectious fluid.

Eye protection
While the required eye protection varies by occupation, the safety provided can be
generalized. Safety glasses provide protection from external debris, and should provide side
protection via a wrap-around design or side shields.
 Goggles provide better protection than safety glasses, and are effective in preventing eye
injury from chemical splashes, impact, dusty environments and welding. Goggles with high
air flow should be used to prevent fogging.
 Face shields provide additional protection and are worn over the standard eyewear; they also
provide protection from impact, chemical, and blood-borne hazards.
 Full-face piece respirators are considered the best form of eye protection when respiratory
protection is needed as well, but may be less effective against potential impact hazards to the
eye.
 Eye protection for welding is shaded to different degrees, depending on the specific
operation.
Hearing protection
Industrial noise is often overlooked as an occupational hazard, as it is not visible to the
eye. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration establishes occupational noise exposure
standards. NIOSH recommends that worker exposures to noise be reduced to a level equivalent
to 85 dBA for eight hours to reduce occupational noise-induced hearing loss.
PPE for hearing protection consists of earplugs and earmuffs. Workers who are regularly
exposed to noise levels above the NIOSH recommendation should be furnished hearing
protection by the employers, as they are a low-cost intervention.

 Immunization

Why vaccines are critical elements of workplace wellness?

Vaccines are important for improving wellness in the workplace. As a business owner,
you can offer free or low-cost vaccinations for your employees and their family members. This
makes it easier for your employees to get critical vaccines and cuts down on their chances of
becoming ill.

The Importance of Vaccinations

Children should be immunized to protect their health and the community, and adults can
also be affected by conditions that can be prevented by vaccinations, such as influenza,
pneumonia or tetanus, as detailed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

How do vaccinations work?

Vaccines often contain a live but weakened virus that offers immunity to diseases such as
measles, mumps, or chicken pox. Some, such as the polio vaccination, may also contain an
inactivated or dead virus. When you receive the immunization, your body reacts with an immune
response that creates antibodies against that particular virus. If you’re exposed to the virus in the
future, your body will have the antibodies in place to fight the infection so you don’t get sick.
Vaccines go through a rigorous review process before being introduced to the general
population.

How vaccines can help at the workplace?

If your employees get vaccinated, you can save hundreds or even thousands of dollars in
health care costs and lost productivity from sick days.

Consequences of not having a vaccine at your workplace

According to the CDC, the flu costs $10.4 billion in health care costs each year, plus $6.2
billion in lost productivity. These costs include 75 million sick days and 200 million days of
reduced work productivity yearly among adults aged 18–64.
Unvaccinated employees may also increase exposure risks to elderly co-workers or
immune-compromised colleagues.
Lost productivity can result not only from adults getting sick, but also from parents
staying home to care for sick children.

Benefits of Workplace Vaccination

Benefits to Employers:
- Reduces cost by decreasing time missed from work to get vaccinated
- Reduces cost by reducing absences due to illness, resulting in improved productivity
- Vaccination often already covered under employee health plans
- Improves morale

Benefits to Employees:
- Reduces absences due to sickness and doctor visits
- Improves health
 - Convenience
- Improves morale
 Management Practice

Many of the management practices recommended contribute to a reduction in risk of

personnel who handle health-care waste; these are summarized as follows:
 Waste segregation: Careful separation of different types of waste into different
and distinct containers or bags defines the risk linked to each waste package
 Appropriate packaging: Prevents spillage of waste and protects workers from,
contract with waste.
 Waste identification (through distinct packaging and labeling): Allows for
easy recognition of the class of waste and of its source.
 Appropriate waste storage: Limits the access to authorized individuals only,
protects against infestation by insects and rodents, and prevents contamination of
surrounding areas.
 Appropriate transportation: Reduces risks of workers being exposed to waste.

 Special precautions for clearing up spillages of potentially hazardous substances

For clearing up spillages of body fluids or other potentially hazardous substances,
particularly if there is any risk of splashing, eye protectors and masks should be worn, in addition
to gloves and overalls.
Respirators (gas masks) are also needed if an activity is particularly dangerous, for
example if it involves toxic dusts, the clearance of incinerator residues, or the cleaning of
contaminated equipment.
Residues should be recovered as completely as possible using hand tools (e.g. a shovel),
and then packed safely. It is especially important to recover spilled droplets of metallic mercury.
If a leakage or spillage involves infectious material, the floor should be cleaned and disinfected
after most of the waste has been recovered.
 
 Cytotoxic safety
The senior pharmacist of the health-care establishment should be designated to ensure
safe use of cytotoxic drugs. Large oncological hospitals may appoint a full-time Genotoxic
Safety Officer, who should also supervise the safe management of cytotoxic waste.
The following key measures are essential in minimizing exposure:
- written procedures that specify safe working methods for each process;
- data sheets, based on the supplier's specifications, to provide information on potential
hazards;
- established procedure for emergency response in case of spillage or other occupational
accident;
- appropriate education and training for all personnel involved in the handling of cytotoxic
drugs.
In hospitals that do use cytotoxic products, specific guidelines on their safe handling
should be established for the protection of personnel.
These guidelines should include rules on the following waste handling procedures:
- separate collection of waste in leak-proof bags or containers, and label-ling for
identification;
- return of outdated drugs to suppliers;
- safe storage separately from other health-care waste;
- provisions for the disposal of contaminated material, for the decontamination of reusable
equipment, and for the treatment of spillages;
- provisions for the treatment of infectious waste contaminated with cytotoxic products,
including excreta from patients and disposable linen used for incontinent patients.
  Response to Injury to Exposure

8 Steps in First Aid to Students

1. Survey the Scene

Take a brief moment to look around and make sure the scene
is safe. Find out who is involved and what happened.

2. Hands-off Check
As you approach the student, look at appearance, breathing,
and circulation to decide if someone should call emergency hotline—
this should take less than 30 seconds.

3. Supervise
Make sure other students near the scene are supervised
and safe.

4. Hands-on Check
Check the student’s condition. Decide if someone should call
911 and what first aid is needed.

5. First Aid Care

Provide first aid that is appropriate for the injury or illness.

6. Notify
As soon as possible have someone notify a parent or legal
guardian. Also have someone notify the school nurse,
if available.

7. Debrief
If possible, talk to the student about any concerns. Talk with
other students who witnessed what happened and how you
and others responded.

8. Document
Complete a written report of what happened

First Aid Supplies

• Adhesive tape • Paper bags, cups, towels
• Bandaids (various sizes) • Plastic bags
• Blankets • Rubbing alcohol (for cleaning instruments)
• CPR breathing barrier • Roller bandage (3", 4" wide)
• Elastic bandages (2", 4", 6") • Safety pins
• Eye bandages • Saline solution (sterile)
• Gauze squares (3", 4") • Scissors • Triangle bandages
• Ice bags or instant cold packs • Soap (mild liquid) • Tweezers
• Non-latex disposable gloves • Splint • Thermometer