Bifacial Technology and HiMO4 NEW series

Chris Liu 2020.04

Bifacial Cell and Module
Technology

LONGi Solar @ 2020

Mono PERC and Bifacial PERC
Electrode

ARC SiNx

N+ emitter
P-type Si
Rear passivation
PERC
Rear AIBSF

Electrode

ARC SiNx

P-type Si N+ emitter

Rear passivation
Bifacial PERC
Al fingers

3 LONGi Solar @ 2020

 Solar
Bifacial PERC Technology
SiNx Anti-reflection layer Selective Emitter (N++)
 Prevent from pollution  Decrease the series resistance
 Decrease the light reflection  Increase the minority carrier lifetime

(N+)

P-type Si P-PERC Bificial

SiNx Anti-reflection layer Soldering Pads

 The rear side can absorb the light irradiation  Laser scribing on the passivation layer
AlOx passivation layer  Only the place can conduct carrier
 Decrease the carrier recombination

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 Bifacial PERC Module

 BiPERC cells  High bifaciality

Glass
 POE  Highly reliable

Glass

Bifaciality 705% (Partially glazed glass used)

5 LONGi Solar @ 2020

 Solar
Bifacial Module with Frame

Mounting & Grounding Holes No shading on rear side

Higher Loading Performance
 Easy for transport and installation  Excellent design to avoid
 Static Loading can reach 5400Pa
 Modules can be electrical grounded shading from rack and frame
 Higher protection

 Bifacial Modules with Frame can decrease the module breakage rate during transportation and
installation.
 Bifacial modules with aluminum frame can save the labor cost and compatible with tracking system.
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System Design with Bifacial System

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Mechanism of Bifacial Energy Gain

 The more light received by

rear side of bifacial module,
the more bifacial gain.

 The main factors affecting

rear side energy gain include:
1.ground albedo, 2.elevated
height, 3.irradiation condition,
4.inter-row spacing. The gain
varies seasonally.

 The bifacial gain can be

Elevated
simulated by Pvsyst software.
height
Array shadow
Inter-row spacing Ground albedo

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System Design Parameter
Solar
Albedo Height GCR DHI Shading

Grassland Dry Sand

Albedo: Albedo:
0.26 0.2-0.35

New Snow Cement

Albedo: Albedo:
0.82 0.25-0.35

Dry asphalt Red Tiles

Albedo: Albedo:
0.09-0.15 0.33

 Customers may encounter different ground conditions with  Bifacial gain improves by increasing ground
various albedos. albedo
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System Design Parameter Solar
Albedo Height GCR DHI Shading

Irradiance at backside - Clearance 8 cm*

Irradiance at backside - Clearance 108 cm*

 Based on the simulation, both increasing ground albedo and height can have more power gain.
 Increasing module height improves backside energy yield, as well as backside irradiance uniformity.
 Module height (clearance from ground) of 1m and above is recommended.

Page 10 LONGi Confidential www.longi-solar.com

Inverter
*Source : PV MODULE POWER GAIN DUE TO BIFACIAL DESIGN. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULALONGi Solar (2010
TION DATA. @ 2020
IEEE)
System Design Parameter Solar
Albedo Height GCR DHI Shading

Opsun Rack Shed Width

GCR=Shed Width/Array Pitch

 Energy yield gain increases almost linearly from GCR 0.5 to 0.25, while becomes slowly from 0.25 to 0.1.
 Because the reduction of GCR may increase the land cost, the wire cost and the power loss on wire, bifacial
systems should balance the cost related to GCR and the yield.

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 System Design Parameter Solar
Albedo Height GCR DHI Shading
Bifacial gain under different height
Bifacial gain under different albedos and
DHI radio 13%
and DHI radio
35% 63% 31%
63% 31%
30% 12%

25%

Bifacial Gain
11%
Bifacial Gain

20%

15% 10%

10%
9%
5%

0% 8%
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5m 1m 1.5m
Ground Albedo Module Height

 Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance

 Under the same ground albedo, the higher the DHI radio, the higher the bifacial gain.
 In high DHI areas, higher bifacial gain can be achieved by increasing module height

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LONGi Solar @ 2020
 System Design Parameter
Albedo Height GCR DHI Shading

 Backside supporting beam avoiding the center of the cell.

 Enough distance to the backside glass, 40-50mm.
 Cable connection also causes backside shading.

Portrait installation： Horizontal installation：

No shading Loss 24pcs cells shaded,

power loss 0.07%。

Cell
W
Size

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Field Data of Bifacial System

LONGi Solar @ 2020

 Global Pilot Projects

4.4% - black fabric

10.6% - gray asphalt
15.7% - white fabric
Fremont, USA
8.3% - Gravel 10.9% - white gravel
10.1% - grass
Livermore, USA
14.5% - concrete Pahrump, USA
(Tracker)
15.8% - sand
10.0% - sand 20.6% - white coating
Thuwal, Saudi 19.2% - white gravel Hainan, China
Arabia Chennai, India

Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Chennai, India Ding’an, Hainan Fremont, USA Livermore, USA Pahrump, USA

16.0%
43.1%
40.5%
Albedo: 67.2% Albedo: 24.0% Albedo: 21.4% Albedo: 37.9%

Baseline：Monofacial PERC module

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RETC Bifacial+Tracker Pilot Project in Livermore， US

 The project is in Livermore, California. Two types of module technology, Monofacial PERC, and Bifacial
PERC.
 The bifacial gain was 8.3% in gray gravel ground surface (Albedo 21.4%)
350 16%
8 Bifacial PERC Monofacial PERC Bifacial gain 12% Bifacial PERC Monofacial PERC
14%

Daily specific yield(kWh/kWp）

7 300
8.30% 10%
6 12%
8% 250
5
10%

Gain(%)

Power(W)
4 6% 200

Gain(%)
8%
3
4% 150
About 2m 2 6%
2% 100
1 4%

0 0% 50 Power generation in sunny day 2%

2018-9-22
2018-9-20
2018-9-21

2018-9-23
2018-9-24
2018-9-25
2018-9-26
2018-9-28
2018-9-29
2018-9-30
2018-10-1
2018-10-2
2018-10-5
2018-10-6
2018-10-7
2018-10-8
2018-10-9

Average
2018-10-10
2018-10-11
2018-10-12
2018-10-13
2018-10-14
2018-10-15
2018-10-16
2018-10-17
2018-10-18
2018-10-19
2018-10-20
2018-10-21
晴朗日发电情况
0 0%

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 TÜV Rheinland：Real Field Test in Chennai, India

 The project is located in Chennai, India. Three types of module technology, Monofacial PERC,
Bifacial PERC and N-Type Bifacial.
 The bifacial gain was 19.2% on white gravel ground surface for LONGi’s bifacial modules.
6 30% Monofacial Bifacial Bifacial
Monofacial PERC Bifacial PERC N-type Bifacial 系列2
PERC
系列3 系列1
Gain
PERC
PERC双面增益
BiPERC Gain N型双面增益
N-Bifacial Gain 350 35%
5 25%

Daily Power Gegerration (kWh/kWp)

300 30%
20.1%
4 20%
N type 19.2%
250 25%

Power (W)
bifacial
Bifacial PERC 3 15%

Gain
Gain
200 20%

2 10% 150 15%

Monofacial PERC
1m 100 10%
1 5%
50 5%
Power generation in sunny day
0 0%
Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 AVG. 0 0%

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 Customer Project in Kubuchi Desert，China

 The project was in Kubuchi desert, where the 336KW project was one of the earliest application
for bifacial PERC module, the power station in operation since June, 2017.
 Compared with the multi modules nearby, bifacial gain+ tracker almost 25%.

Annual power generation in 2018（kWh/MWp）

Multi+Fixed mounts Multi+Tracker BiPERC+Tracker
Tracker Gain Total Gain Estimated Bifacial Gain
80MW - 310W Multi+fixed mounts 8000 60%

7000 50%

6000 24.5% 40%

336kW - 350W BiPERC+tracker 5000 30%

15.2%
4000 20%

3000 10%

2000 0%
9.3%
5MW - 310W Multi+tracker 1000 -10%

0 -20%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AVG

Baseline: Multi module

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 Kubuchi Utility Project (N45.36/E118.36)
Simulation in Kubuchi
8 70%
Mono+fixed tilt Bifacial+fixed tilt Bifacial+tracker Bifacial Gain Tracker Gain Overall Gain
60%
7
Energy yield (KWh/MWp)

50%
6

Energy yield gain

40%
5
30%
21.8%
4 20%
12.1%
10%
3 8.6%
0%
2
-10%
1
-20%

0 -30%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Annual

 The energy yield of LONGi bifacial module is simulated using Pvsyst in Kubuchi project.
 The simulation gain of bifacial module on tracker is 21.8% compared to Mono PERC. Bifacial gain without tracker is 12.1%.
 Considering the 3% gain of mono PERC over multi . The field energy yield fits the simulation result very well.
Baseline: Multi module

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LONGi Solar @ 2020
Low degradation characteristic has been verified
 LONG‘s PERC modules have excellent resistance to LID and PID
 The bifacial modules after 1 year of application in Taizhou have an average degradation
of 0.55% and the power bifacial factors remain more than 75%

First year power degradation and Bifaciality

distribution.
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 Global bifacial module shipment over 3.5GW*
 LONGi is the module manufacture of biggest bifacial module shipment, application cases all over the world.
 Energy yield and reliability has been verified by customer. The Hi-MO series is the most bankable bifacial module

20MW Golmud, Qinghai 400kW Komatsu, Japan

246MW Texas, USA
275MW, Sihong, Jiangsu 224.5MW Georgia, USA

380MW Aswan, Egypt

41MW Guipin, Guangxi
220MW Trascara, Mexico

34MW, Victoria, Australia

Typical projects

*Updated to the end of 2020Q1

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Longi HiMO4 NEW Series

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PV Module of LONGi

2019.5 released
Hi-MO 4 Introduced M6 wafer to
increase power of module
significantly

2018.5 released
Monofacial and bifacial PERC
with half-cut technology
Hi-MO 3
increase power and reliability
of module

2017.4 released
Hi-MO 2 Bifacial PERC technology，glass-
glass encapsulation

2016.5 released
PERC technology & Lower
www.longi-solar.com Hi-MO 1 degradation technology 23
LONGi Solar @ 2020
Global Best-seller for Hi-MO4
Intentional order excess 10GW，shipment for 1.5GW

100MW
93MW Jinzhong, Shanxi
470MW Taiyangshan, Ningxia
Hainan, Qinhai

120MW
Yiyang, Hunan

80MW
Zhenfeng, Guizhou 30MW
Qinyuan, Guangdong
73.8 MW 80MW
Maimensin, Bangladesh Guipin, Guangxi

50MW
Ningshun, Vietnam

Typical project

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 The Reasons for Choosing M6 Wafer of Hi-MO4

Compatible for production 1 3 System side cost saving

• Silicon rod, wafer Manufacturing fully compatible
• Voltage and string length remain same,
• Only the fixture tools modified for cell
significant increase of string capacity,
• Fixture tools and assembly line modified for module
thus reduce fixed mounting, pile
• Sufficient supply of module’s auxiliary materials
foundation, cable and inverter cost.
• Reduce labor cost
• Increase the capacity ratio of inverter

Production side cost saving
• Improve cell production efficiency
• Improve module production efficiency,
decrease BOM cost
2 Wafer area 8.8% larger than G1
Module power increases 35W
4 Application compatible
• The manual handling and installation can be
easily done.
• The input current of string inverter
• Tracker

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 Upgraded Hi-MO4

• Optimized module size，increase

• No C-face design for short-side frame
efficiency greatly,
• Uniform size of monofacial and
bifacial module
• Lower the BOS cost like
racks/trackers cost

2094mm
• 2+2mm glass reduce weight
• M6 wafer (166mm)
• White grid glass used in backside,
• Half cut technology to reduce hot
Bifaciality 70%
spot temperature

• 1300，990，400mm mounting hole

adapt to variety of application
• Part of assembly line upgraded
to 9BB, further improve power

*Hi-MO4m：23.5kg-144 half-cell

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LONGi Solar @ 2020
Upgraded Hi-MO4
By utilizing the 9BB technology, to reduce the resistance loss and optical loss. By that means, Hi-MO4
series can obtain even higher power.
Flat ribbon 440 445 450
6BB

Hi-MO4 445

Improvement ＞5W

9BB Solder wire

Hi-MO4 new 450

9BB technology decreases the Using the solder wire can

transmission distance and improve the optical
resistance loss. utilization.

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LONGi Solar @ 2020
Quality
Proven Value

High power generation and excellent reliability throughout the product life cycle are fundamental to LONGi’s products. From silicon wafer
technology with lowest degradation to module design technology that can resist the harshest environments, LONGi tests product quality rigorously
and validate them independently. LONGi works with third-party organizations, set up demonstration power stations around the world and
continuously tracks the performance of every product in their lifecycle.

LONGi’s global demonstration power plants

LONGi offers a first-year power warranty of ≥98% for PV modules

Xi nji ang, Chi na

Li femoor e, USA
Inner Mongolia, Chi na
Tuvo, Saudi
Pal ump, USA
Hai nan, Chi na
Chennai, Indi a

2015
0.38% 0.32% 0.32%2016 2017 2018
Rate of average decay

LONGi Sol ar @ 2020

The Future of LONGi
Expansion to meet the needs of energy reform

Solar power has become the largest new source of electricity installed each year since grid parity is achieved in many regions. The trend is
accelerating. As the pace of transition from fossil fuels to electricity increases, the world's demand for electric energy is also undergoing a new round
of transformation. In order to meet this strong, continuous demand brought by the energy transformation, LONGi has made an ambitious capacity
expansion plan, adhering to the business philosophy of "leading, expanding production with advanced technology", where every new
production capacity is a new upgrade of product technology.
65.0GW
Silicon wafer
production capacity
50.0GW
Module
production capacity 30.0GW
36.0GW 25.0GW

28.0GW
16.0GW

8.8GW

Y2018 Y2019 Y2020 Y2021

（Proposed） （Proposed）
*According to the current projection, the production capacity of silicon wafers will be reached one year ahead of schedule, achieving 65GW by the end of 2020.

L O N G i S o lLONGi
a r Sol
@ ar 2@02020
2 0
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