preposition

MD RAHAT HOSSAIN KHAN

Teacher, Researcher &
Material writer
MA in ELT
Jahangirnagar University
Senior teacher, BCS
Confidence
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 preposition

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 Acknowledgements
 Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 9th Edition.
 Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 4th Edition
 Intermediate English Grammar (3rd edition) by Raymond
Murphy
 High school English Grammar and Composition by Wren
and Martin
 A practical English Grammar by A.J. Thomson and A.V.
Martinet
 Cliffs TOEFL Grammar Edition
 Barron's TOEFL Grammar Edition
 Practical English Usage by Michael Swan
 Essential English Grammar, Cambridge University Press,
by Raymond Murphy, 2nd edition
 Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press by John
Eastwood
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 preposition
 A word or group of words such as in, from, to, out of and on behalf
of, used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or
method (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
 Preposition is a word that is used before a noun, a noun phrase, or
a pronoun connecting it to another word (Cambridge Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary)
 Therefore, preposition is a parts of speech used before a noun/noun
phrase or pronoun to make a connectivity with other parts of
speeches in a particular sentences.
 However, if a preposition is not used before a noun/noun phrase or
pronoun, it is called adverb/adverb particle
 Is he in the room?. (Preposition) Has he come in? (Adverb)
 I have not seen him since. (Adverb/adverb particle)
 The Sun went down. (Adverb) {38th Preliminary}
 Tania was a wonderful singer, but she’s past her time. (40th BCS)

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 preposition
 Credit + to + account/a company (etc)
Credit + with + money/something
 Credit TK 5000 to my account. (36th BCS)
 The invention of the industrial robot is credited
to the company.
 Credit my account with TK 5000. (money)
 The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot. (something)
 Entrusted + to (Somebody)
Entrusted + with (something)
 Government has been entrusted to elected politicians. (22nd BCS)
 The children were entrusted with the care of their uncle. (24th BCS)
 Among is used when more than two people are involved. (38th BCS)
 Generally between is used when two people are involved.
a) Q comes between P and R in English alphabet.
b) There is a house among trees.
 However, between is used to show connection/relationship/sharing/sovereignty
a) Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
b) We ate a pizza between ourselves.
c) SAARC is a treaty between eight countries.

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 preposition
 সাধারণত যানবাহননর আনগ by ব্যবহৃত হয়। তনব যানবাহননর পূনব ে
determiner (a/an/the/my/his/her etc) থাকন঱ by এর ঩ররবনতে in/on হয়।
 By + air, bicycle, bike, boat, bus, car, coach, ferry, helicopter, hovercraft,
plane, rail, sea, ship, taxi, train, tube etc
 In + determiner (the/a/an/my/your etc) + car, helicopter, taxi, van, lorry,
ambulance
 On + determiner (the/a/an/my/his/your etc) + bicycle/bike, boat, bus, ferry,
hovercraft, plane, ship, train
(Oxford Practice Grammar By John Eastwood; Oxford University Press page 123)
 On + specific transport ( on 5.30 ac bus)
 Detrimental, indifferent, adjacent, prefer, preferable ,alternative + to
 Devoid, assure, boast + of
 Insist + on (to say something firmly)
 Smoking is detrimental to health.
 Many prefer donating money to distributing clothes. (29th BCS)
 There is no alternative to training. (29th BCS)
 He is devoid of commonsense. (26th BCS)
 He has assured me of safety. (11th BCS)

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 preposition
 Good at = skilled
 Bad at = unskilled
 John Smith is good at Mathematics (36th)
 I am not good at translation (27th BCS)
 Concerned + in a plot/ involveness
Concerned + at/about = worried
Concerned + for = anxious for welfare
(Advanced Functional English; Mohiuddin and Kashem)

Eight men were concerned in the plot. (38th BCS)

I am concerned about his failure.
He was concerned for the property.
Eight men were concerned in the plot. (38th BCS)

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 preposition

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 preposition
 Introduced + with somebody
 Introduced + to something
 Wordsworth introduced the readers to a new kind of
poetry.
 Over + the + phone
 By + phone
 Noureen will discuss the issue with Nasir by phone. (33rd BCS) {but
over the phone}
 Rizvi requested Rini by telephone to attend the meeting. (29th BCS)
{But over the telephone}
 Lit + by/with (However, by preferable)
 Now-a-days many villages are lit by electricity. (14th BCS)
 At the end = when something ends (At the end of the month)
 In the end = finally (We sold it at the end = finally)—antonym—at
first

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 preposition

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 preposition
Consider the following common phrases
 In = In a room, in a shop, in a garden, in a town, in hospital, in prison, in bed, in a street, in the sky,
in the world, in the city centre, in the box, in the kitchen, in that cupboard, in that bag, in a bank, in
the north of, in the newspaper, in a book, in a photograph, in a picture, in a car, in a taxi, in the
middle of, arrive in a city (London, Paris etc), in the lesson, in cash, in writing, in pen, in biro, in
felt-tip, in ink, in pencil, in general, in advance, in my opinion (but from my point of view)
 At = At the bus stop, at the door, at the traffic lights, at her desk, at the top, at the bottom, at the top
of, at home, at work, at school, at university, at the airport, at the station, at Jone’s house, at my
sister’s house, at the concert, at a party, at a football match, arrive at a small place (station, hotel
etc), at the age of, at a 100/200 degrees, at 50/100 kilometers an hour
 On = On a shelf, on a plate, on a balcony, on the floor, on the pavement, on the grass, on the
envelope, on a horse, on a bicycle, on a motor-bike, on a bus, on a train, on a plane, on a ship, on
the ground, on the first floor, on the way, on holiday, on television, on the radio, on the phone, on
fire, on time (not late), on foot, on a journey/trip/tour, on the market, on the whole, on purpose
(Essential English Grammar, Cambridge University Press, by Raymond Murphy, 2nd edition page-206, 208)
 The following nouns take preposition from after them.
Abstinence, refrained, abstained, cessation, deliverance, descent, digression, escape, exemption,
inference, respite
 He refrained from taking any drastic action. (37th BCS)
 The following nouns take the preposition with
Intimacy, relation, intercourse, enmity, acquaintance, alliance, bargain, comparison, conformity
 I have no relation with Nadia.

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 preposition
 in time = early enough
 On time = at the right time
 We got to the airport in time to have a coffee before
checking in.
 The plane took off on time.
 in January, in summer, in 2020, at 5 pm, on Friday, on 6th
July, at night, at dawn, at dusk, at Christmas, (But on
Christmas day)
 At the weekend (Bre); On the weekend (Ame)
 In the morning (but on the morning of 28th July)
 No preposition is used before the name of color.
 The walls of our house have been painted in green. (14th
BCS)
 In can be used to indicate dress (The girl in blue)

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 preposition
 Touching, respecting, barring, regarding, concerning, pending,
considering, during এবং notwithstanding ইতযারদ present participle সমূহ
Noun/pronoun এর পূনব ে ব্যবহৃত হনয় কখননা কখননা preposition এর কাজ কনর।
(High School English Grammar and Composition by Wren and
Martin preposition অংল দদখুন )
 Barring (= apart from/expecting) accident, the mail will arrive
tomorrow.
 Concerning (= about) his experience, the authority recruited him.
 Notwithstanding (= in spite of) his riches, he was not able to buy a
new car.
 Considering (= taking into account) the quality, the price is not
high.
 Touching (= with regard to) this matter, I have not yet made up my
mind.

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 Thanks for your patience!

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