Name: BRACERO, JESTONI L.

BSCHEM3

Upholding Philippines Sovereignty in West Philippine Sea

Paramount priority of President Rodrigo Duterte’s administration is defending

national sovereignty and protecting territorial integrity. His bilateral and multilateral
engagements with other countries and cooperative mechanisms amongst claimant countries
have significantly lowered the tension and greatly helped in managing the issues in the West
Philippine Sea (WPS).

Prior to the 1970s, Philippine law had set clear limits for the territory of the
Philippines, which did not involve any of China's maritime features in the South China Sea.
Article 1 of the 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, entitled "The National
Territory", provided that "The Philippines comprises all the territory ceded to the United
States by the Treaty of Paris concluded between the United States and Spain on the tenth
day of December, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, the limits which are set forth in Article
III of said treaty, together with all the islands embraced in the treaty concluded at
Washington between the United States and Spain on the seventh day of November,
nineteen hundred, and the treaty concluded between the United States and Great Britain on
the second day of January, nineteen hundred and thirty, and all territory over which the
present Government of the Philippine Islands exercises jurisdiction." Under this provision,
the territory of the Philippines was confined to the Philippine Islands, having nothing to do
with any of China's maritime features in the South China Sea. Philippine Republic Act No.
3046, entitled "An Act to Define the Baselines of the Territorial Sea of the Philippines", which
was promulgated in 1961, reaffirmed the territorial scope of the country as laid down in the
1935 Constitution.

Criticized for refusing to antagonize China, Duterte said the government is “neither
beholden nor a pawn to anyone” and “we broadened the boundaries of Philippine
diplomacy.” The country is not “inutile” in asserting its sovereignty over the WPS even if
President Duterte admitted that he would not risk going to war in checking China’s
encroachment in Philippine waters.

Duterte stressed that the country has built productive ties with everyone willing to
engage the Philippines on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and redefined
relationships with the most important partners, placing the country in a far better position to
advance its interests in an evolving regional order and emerging global problems.

I strongly believe that the Philippines need not go to war against China as Duterte’s
stand in order to assert its rights over the disputed West Philippine Sea. All it has to do is
perform overt and positive acts that shall manifest—with conviction—its sovereign rights
thereto.

Furthermore, if China indeed believes in peaceful coexistence and recognizes the

Philippines’ sovereign rights over land areas, having any bad blood on any protective
measure our country may adopt in the years to come should never be in its
vocabulary.