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1. INFORMATION
Programa de
INGLÉS 1010 – NRC 15978
Formación:
Módulo: INTRO - A1 Guía de Aprendizaje No.: 1

Instructor: Oscar John Osorio Gallego Fecha Actualización: 12/08/2020

Nombre del Estudiante: Alberto Luis Arévalo castro Documento No. 1221978564

2. LEARNING TOPIC
TOPIC: The Nouns in English

Learning Evidence #1: Learning How to Form Plurals of Nouns

Kind of Evidence: Desempeño, Workshop -
Delivery’s Way: Manuscript.
Conocimiento y/o Producto Quiz
Percentage Evaluation: 10% Delivery’s Date: 10/08/ 2020

I- WHAT IS A NOUN ? The simplest definition of a noun is a thing and nouns are the basic building blocks
of sentences.  These things can represent a person, animal, place, idea, emotion – almost anyt hing that you
can think of. Dog, Sam, love, phone, Chicago, courage and spaceship are all nouns. The more nouns you
know in a language, the better you will be able to communicate your ideas. 

LET’S WATCH THE NEXT VIDEO;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8o-grcR8PWc

I- WHAT ARE REGULAR NOUNS?Most nouns in English have both singular and plural forms, and the plural is
usually formed by adding “-s” to the singular. This page explains the basic ways of forming regular plurals in English.
And to form plurals we need some rules:

II- How to form the plural

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_____________________________________________________________________________
Noun ending Forming the plural Example

boss   bosses
o,s, x, ch or sh Add –es tax   taxes
bush   bushes

baby  babies
consonant + y Change y to i then add -es candy  candies
curry   curries

cat   cats
face   faces
mostothers Add –s day   days

III- THE REGULAR NOUNS ARE SIMPLE TO RECOGNISE AND TO ADD IN THE PLURAL.
CHECK THE LIST BELOW AND ADD ITS PLURAL FORM.

A- Here, we’ll take a closer look at what makes “a noun”, and we’ll provide some examples of how nouns are used.

Noun examples: respect, faith, apple, seashore, peanut, motorcycle

Noun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1- The boy and girl were holding hands as they crossed the bridge on the way to town.

2- I love watching my cat play with the pink yarn.
3- It is raining! Everyone, grab your umbrella and rain hat and watch out for the puddles!

B- Categories of Nouns: There are several categories of nouns, and there can be an overlap across the categories.
For example, there are common and proper nouns, and concrete and abstract nouns, yet some nouns are both
concrete and common, or concrete and proper. It will become clear as you read on.

C-Common nouns are the words that refer to most general things: country, evening, laughter, puppy, umbrella
Common noun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

 Cathy loves the weekends in the country.

 We enjoy swimming after breakfast.
 The cup fell and broke.
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Noun ending Forming the plural Example

D- CONCRETE NOUNS

IV- NOW COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING PROPERLY THE VERB TO BE OR ANOTHER VERB,
AND WRITE THE PLURAL FORM OF THE NOUNS:

EXAMPLE: 0- The guitar is on the bed. The guitars are on the bed.

1. The baby is sleeping. The babies are sleeping__________________________________________________

2.The bus is late. The buses are late_________________________________________________
3. The kid in the car is wearing glasses. The kids in the cars are wearing glasses______________________
4. The grandfather always plays in the park. The grandparents always plays in the parks ___________________
5. The mango is on the table. The mangoes are on the table____________________________
6. The giraffe is eating some grass. the giraffes are eating some grass _______________________________
7. The museum starts at six. The museums starts at six__________________________________
8. Is your T-shirt clean? Are your t-shirt clean?______________________________________
9. My hat is all white. My hats are all white________________________________________
10. The potato is in your plate. The potatoes are in your plate__________________________________

IV- NOW COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING PROPERLY THE VERBS AND THE PLURAL FORM OF THE
NOUNS – USE THE PRONOUNS OBJECT OR RELATIVE WHEN NECESSARY:

11. The boy has a baseball in his hand. Boys have a baseball in their hands

12. My horse prefers to wear an English saddle. My horses prefer to wear an English saddle.
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Noun ending Forming the plural Example

13.The cat never seems to tire of jumping in and out of the box. Cats never seem to tire of jumping in and out of
the box
14. You stole my idea and didn’t give me any credit. You stole my idea and didn`t give you any credits
15.Your mom is going to be upset about that broken lamp. Your mom is going to be upset about that broken
lamps.
16.It’s not difficult to grow a tree as long as you give it plenty of water. They aren`t difficult to grow some trees as
long as you give their plenty of water.
17- I can’t believe you let your dog stick his head out the window while you drive. I can`t belive you let you dogs
stick their heads out windows while you drive.
18. The boy is throwing a baseball back and forth between bases. Boys are thowing some baseball back and foth between
bases.
19. Her horse is much happier wearing a lightweight English saddle. Their horses are much happier wearing a lightweight
English saddle.
20.This cat never seems to tire of chasing one another in and out of that box. These cats never seem to tire of chasing another in
and out of those boxes
21. My mom is going to be upset that I stayed out all night going to a party. My mom is going be up set that I stayed all night
going to party
22. I can’t believe you allow your dog to climb all over the seat while you are driving. I can`t believe you allow your dog to climb
all over the seat while you are driving

V. WHAT ARE IRREGULAR NOUNS?

The vast majority of nouns in the English language are made plural by adding an "s" or "es" to the end of the word.
For example, book, apple, house, table, cat, and boss are just some of the many words that become plural with the
simple addition of an "s" or "es" (books, apples, houses, tables, cats, and bosses, respectively).
However, certain nouns have irregular plurals that do not behave in this standard way. And, even though most
irregular plural nouns follow a pattern, there are several different patterns to watch out for, as you'll see in our
list of examples.

A -The Most Common - Irregular Plurals.

* (-f, -fe) – knife =  (-ves) knives. * (-o)   potato = (-oes) potatoes
* (vowel change) foot. = feet * mouse = mice
* (no change) sheep = sheep * fish. (-i) = fish. * axis = axis

B- The vast majority of nouns in the English language are made plural by adding an "s" or "es" to the end of the
word. For example, book, apple, house, table, cat, and boss are just some of the many words that become plural
with
the simple addition of an "s" or "es" (books, apples, houses, tables, cats, and bosses, respectively).
However, certain nouns have irregular plurals that do not behave in this standard way. And, even though most
irregular plural nouns follow a pattern, there are several different patterns to watch out for, as you'll see in our
list of examples.

C- Understanding Irregular Plural Nouns: The best ways to learn and understand irregular plurals are to
practice speaking the English language, to read a great deal, to pay attention to words and phrases that you see and
hear, and to assemble a list of words with irregular plurals so you can begin to understand how to make each noun
plural correctly.
D- Irregular Plurals: Certain words do not follow the rules for regular plurals. There are some common types of
irregular plural nouns that occur, and some words simply have no plural form at all. While it is useful to memorize
the common irregular plurals, for many words you simply have to know and understand that it's an irregular plural
as a result of speaking and hearing English.
E- Non-count Nouns: They are also called COLLECTIVE NOUNS, have no plural form because
they are assumed to be plural. Most ABSTRACT NOUNS are non-count nouns. Some examples are:
 Hair Grass Mud
 Dress (when referring to a style of dress, not when referring to a clothing item that hangs in your closet)
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Noun ending Forming the plural Example

If you are talking about multiple varieties or types of these irregular plurals, you cannot make them plural by adding
an "s" or "es" to the end. Instead, you need to make them plural by adding a descriptive phrase. Example:
 There are many different styles of hair. *There are several varieties of grass.
 There are three different kinds of mud. * The ancient people had a few types of styles of dress.
F- Unchanging Nouns
Certain other nouns have the same singular and plural form. A large number of animals happen to follow this rule.
These examples will be spelled the same.
 Deer Fish Bison Moose Elk Swine
 Shrimp Bass Trout Aircraft Spacecraft

G- Other Irregular Plurals

In addition to non-count nouns and unchanging nouns, there are several different types of irregular plurals that
follow
a pattern in the English language. Explore examples of different endings and how they change, along with irregular
plural nouns that change completely.

H- Nouns With "F" or "Fe" Endings–When nouns end in "f" or "fe," you drop "f" or "fe" and add "ves."
 Knife = knives *Wife = wives *Half = halves
 Loaf = loaves *Calf = calves *Life = lives
Exceptions to this rule include roof and proof, among others. These will get an "s" to the end, as in roofs and proofs.
I- "Us" Endings in Nouns
For many words that end in "us," change the "us" to an "i" (especially if it comes from a Latin word). There are
exceptions to this rule, and it's becoming more acceptable to add "es" instead of changing to "i" in some cases.
 Cactus = cacti *Fungus = fungi *Syllabus = syllabi
 Octopus = octopi (it can also be octopuses)
 Hippopotamus = hippopotami (it can also be hippopotamuses)
J- Nouns With "O" Endings
For nouns that end in "o," you add either "s" or "es." Generally, most nouns ending in "o" just add "s" to make the
plural, especially if there's a vowel before the final "o."
 Zoo = zoos *Studio = studios *Tomato = tomatoes * Potato = potatoes
 *Some words ending in "o" can be spelled either way, like:
 Banjo = banjos orbanjoes *Flamingo = flamingosorflamingoes
K- Words With "Is" Endings
For many words that end in "is," change the "is" to an "es." Thiswill look like:
 Hypothesis = hypotheses *Oasis = oases *Crisis = crises
 Axis = axes *Thesis = theses

L-Nouns With "Um" Endings: Nouns that end in "um" often become plural by changing "um" to "a." See
how this looks in action here.
 Bacterium = bacteria *Medium = media *Curriculum = curricula Datum = data *Stratum = strata
M- Nouns With "Ix" Ending: Another irregular plural noun ending that changes is "ix." In Greek and Latin
words, this will change to "ces" or "xes." This will look like:
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Noun ending Forming the plural Example

 Appendix = appendixesorappendices
 Matrix = matrices ormatrixes
 Crucifix = crucifixes
M- Words That Change Form: Certain words do not add a letter to the end to become plural. Instead, these
irregular plurals change the word itself. These words simply need to be memorized. Some examples include:
 Man = men *Foot = feet *Tooth = teeth *Goose = geese
 *Mouse = mice *Die = dice * Person = people *Ox = oxen
N- Regular Plurals: Now that you've seen irregular plural nouns, it's important to review how regular plural nouns
work. The general rule for making a noun plural is that if the word ends in s, x, z, ch or sh, add an "es." Review
these examples:
 Mess = messes *Box = boxes *Patch = patches
 Dish = dishes *Buzz = buzzes
An exception to this rule is if the ch ending is pronounced with a "k" sound, you add "s" rather than
"es"
 Stomach = stomachs *Epoch = epochs *Monarch = monarchs
If the word ends in a consonant (all letters except a, e, i, o, u) plus "y," then change the "y" to an "i"
and add the letters "es"
 Baby = babies *Candy = candies *Daisy = daisies
For all other non-irregular nouns, simply add an "s" to the end of the word
 Cat = cats *Dog = dogs *Yard = yards