General Medicine

(Includes Dermatology and Psychological Medicine [II])

Refer: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine: 22nd Edition; A short textbook of Psychiatry (Niraj Ahuja): 7th edition; Medicine Prep
Manual for undergraduates (K George Mathew & Praveen Aggarwal): 4th edition

Part-1: Principles of Medicine

Chapter 1: Good medical practice

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-2: Therapeutics and good prescribing

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-3: Molecular and Genetic factors in disease

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. William’s syndrome (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-4: Immunological factors in disease

ESSAYS: ---
SHORT NOTES:

1. Immunoglobulins
2. Cell mediated immunity
3. Common allergic diseases and methods of allergy testing (II)
4. Acute phase reactants

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 vaccines used in adults (**) [*2 vaccines in adults]

2. Familial Mediterranean fever (II)
3. Cytokines (**) (?) (**II) [*name 4]

Chapter-5: Environmental and Nutritional factors in disease

ESSAYS:

1. Causes, sequelae, investigations and management of Obesity (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Hypervitaminosis
2. Beri-beri (**) (*II)
3. Wernicke’s encephalopathy (***) (**II)
4. Obesity (**) [*etiology][*complications]
5. Thiamine deficiency disorders
6. Scurvy
7. Heat stroke (***) (*II)
8. Pellagra (*****) (****II)[*clinical features and treatment (II)]
9. Drowning (II)
10. Korsakoff’s psychosis (II)
11. Heat exhaustion (II)
12. What is thermo-regulation? Add a note on hypothermia.

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Name energy-yielding nutrients- name essential amino acids.

2. Management of a near-drowning patient
3. High altitude physiological effects (acute mountain sickness)
4. 4 neurological features of B12 deficiency
5. 3 ill effects of tobacco chewing
6. Pyridoxine
7. 4 features of vitamin deficiencies
 8. Obesity (***) [*complications of (II)] [*causes of (II)] [*drugs used in (II)]
9. 4 causes of hypothermia (II)

Chapter-6: Principles of Infectious disease

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-7: Ageing and disease

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Causes of falls in elderly

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Part-2: Practice of Medicine

Chapter-8: Critical Illness

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Anaphylactic shock (***) [*anaphylaxis] [*management of anaphylaxis (II)]

2. Management of septic shock (II)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 2 indications of endotracheal intubation

Chapter-9: Poisoning

ESSAYS: ---
SHORT NOTES:

1. Gastric lavage (**)

2. Carbon Monoxide poisoning [*management]
3. Management of organo-phosphorous poisoning (***) (**II)
4. Organo-chlorine poisoning
5. Paracetamol poisoning
6. Acid poisoning
7. General measures of treating a case of acute poisoning by ingestion
8. Scorpion stings (***) (***II)
9. Fluorosis (II)
10. Benzodiazepine poisoning (II)
11. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (II)
12. Snake bite (***) (**II) [*management (II)]
13. Cobra bite with envenomation (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Aluminium and Zinc Phosphide poisoning

2. Drugs used in Organo-phosphorous poisoning (**) [*2 drugs in]
3. Management of Barbiturate poisoning
4. 4 features of organo-phosphorous poisoning
5. 4 complications of corrosive acid ingestion
6. 4 indications for anti-venin administration (II)
7. Intermediate syndrome (II)
8. 4 dialysable poisons (II)
9. 4 clinical signs of snake bite (II)

Chapter-10: Medical Psychiatry

ESSAYS:

1. Schizophrenia. (****) [****clinical features, classification, diagnosis, diagnostic criteria and

management] (II)
2. Mood disorders. (**) [*clinical features, diagnosis, and management] [*define bipolar disorder.
Etiology, clinical features, and management of various mood disorders] (II)
3. Alcohol dependence. (**) [*etiology, diagnosis and management. Add a note on delirium
tremens] [*ill effects of chronic alcoholism, alcohol dependence and its management] (II)
4. Classify psychoses. Discuss clinical features, diagnosis and management of Manic-Depressive
psychosis.
5. Describe the approach to clinical recognition and initial therapy of psychiatric emergencies.
 6. Define somatoform disorders. Etiology, clinical features of various somatoform disorders and
their management (II)
7. Define various personality disorders. Etiology, clinical features and management of personality
disorders

SHORT NOTES:

1. Schizophrenia (******) (*I)(*****II)

2. Delirium tremens (I)
3. Depression (***) [*classify and discuss treatment]
4. Anxiety neurosis (**) [*Symptoms of anxiety disorder] [*panic attacks (TKMC)]
5. Manic depressive psychosis (**)
6. Alcohol dependence
7. Phenothiazines
8. Panic attacks
9. Depressive disorder
10. Cognitive therapy
11. Mania
12. Conversion disorder
13. Obsessive compulsive neurosis [**obsessive compulsive disease] (*****)
14. Electro-convulsive therapy
15. Dementia
16. Dissociative disorder (II)
17. Psychogeriatrics (II)
18. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors
19. Delusion
20. Classification of psychogenic drugs
21. Puerperal psychosis
22. Methods of smoking cessation
23. Eating disorders
24. Personality disorders
25. Auditory hallucinations (TKMC)
26. General paralysis of the insane (TKMC)
27. Suicidal behavior (TKMC)
28. Anorexia nervosa (TKMC)
29. Differentiate B/W psychosis and neurosis (TKMC)
30. Drug abuse (TKMC)
31. Obsessions (TKMC)
32. Panic disorder (TKMC)
33. Tricyclic anti-depressants (TKMC)
34. Hysteria (TKMC)
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 2 causes of delirium
2. Obsessive compulsive disorder
3. Dementia (II)
4. Any 2 phenothiazine group of drugs
5. 4 criteria for alcoholic dependence

Chapter-11: Oncology

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Tumor lysis syndrome

2. Oncological emergencies (II)
3. Tumor markers (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 anti-tumor antibiotics

Chapter-12: Palliative care and pain

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Chapter-13: Infectious diseases

ESSAYS:

1. Enteric fever (***) [***etiology, clinical features, complications, investigations, management]

2. Leptospirosis (**) [*clinical features, investigations, complications, management]
3. Dengue fever (****) [*etiology, clinical features, and management of different types] [*causes
of thrombocytopenia. Clinical features and management of dengue fever (II)] [**clinical
features, (lab) diagnosis, management, complications and methods of prevention]
4. Outline the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features,
management and prevention of amoebic dysentery. Add a note on its complications (II)
 5. Infectious mononucleosis. [*etiology, clinical features, lab diagnosis, management and
complications]
6. Fever (**) [*prolonged fever] (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Lepra reactions (*****) [*erythema nodosum leprosum] [*leprosy reactions] (***II)

2. Treatment of lepromatous leprosy
3. Interpretation of Mantoux test.
4. Tropical eosinophilia (****) (*II)
5. Mucormycosis
6. Brucellosis
7. Dengue fever (****) [*dengue shock syndrome] (**II)
8. Rabies (****) [*post-exposure immunization of rabies] (*II) [*post-exposure prophylaxis (II)]
9. Leptospirosis (****) [*clinical features, treatment] [*Weil’s disease] [*Weil’s syndrome]
10. Clinical features of food poisoning
11. Hookworm disease
12. Aspergillosis
13. Tropical splenomegaly
14. Cerebral malaria (**) (*II)
15. Chikungunya fever
16. Cholera
17. Enteric fever (***) [*complications (II)] (*II)
18. Cephalosporins
19. Congenital Rubella syndrome (II)
20. Casoni’s test (II)
21. Tetanus (II)
22. Clinical features and treatment of Herpes simplex (II)
23. Infectious mononucleosis (II)
24. Oral rehydration therapy (II)
25. Diagnosis and management of H1N1 infections (**) (II) [*swine flu]
26. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) (II)
27. Chemoprophylaxis of malaria (II)
28. Liver flukes (II)
29. Atypical mycobacteria (II)
30. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis (TKMC)
31. Fever with rigors (TKMC)
32. Clinical features of plague (TKMC)
33. Complications of mumps (TKMC)
34. Quinolones (TKMC)
 35. Bancroftian filariasis

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Prion diseases
2. 4 causes of infective diarrhea
3. Oral rehydration therapy
4. 3 gram negative bacilli
5. 4 macrolide antibiotics
6. 4 common features of Falciparum Malaria
7. Name the TORCH organisms
8. 4 causes of fever and rash
9. 4 antibiotics used in Enteric fever
10. 4 common complications of falciparum malaria (**) [*4 manifestations/complications of severe
falciparum malaria (II)]
11. 4 adverse effects of chloroquine
12. 4 features of swine flu
13. Drugs for amebiasis
14. 4 complications of measles
15. Name 4 groups of beta-lactam antibiotics
16. 2 ways of transmission of Ebola virus diseases (**) [*2 major clinical features]
17. 4 complications of chicken pox (II)
18. Clinical uses of fluoroquinolones
19. Third generation cephalosporins (II)
20. Risk factors in nosocomial infections (II)
21. Clostridium difficile (II)
22. 4 drugs used in fungal infections (II)
23. Lepra reaaction (II)
24. 4 anti-herpes virus agents

Chapter-14: HIV Infection and AIDS

ESSAYS:

1. Enumerate causes, complications and management of HIV. Add a note on ART drugs.
2. HIV disease. [*clinical features, lab diagnosis, complications and management (II)]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Treatment of AIDS
2. Principles of HAART therapy (**) [*HAART]
3. Opportunistic diseases in HIV infection (II)
 4. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection (II)
5. Tuberculosis in HIV disease (II)
6. Zidovudin (II)
7. CD4 count (II)
8. HIV related gastro-intestinal disease (II)
9. Modes of transmission of HIV (II)
10. Post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV (II)
11. Neuro-psychiatric manifestations of AIDS (II)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 common opportunistic infections seen in HIV infected patients (**) [*if CD4 count <50]
2. 4 anti-retroviral drugs
3. 4 AIDS defining diseases (II)
4. Post-exposure prohylaxis in HIV infection (II)
5. List the five categories of drugs used in HIV treatment (II)
6. 4 cutaneous manifestations of HIV-AIDS

Chapter-15: Sexually Transmitted Infections

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Lympho granuloma venerum

2.

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 sexually transmitted infections presenting as genital ulcers

2. Name 4 sexually transmitted diseases

Chapter-16: Clinical Biochemistry and metabolism

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Hyperkalemia (****) [**management (II)] (*II)

2. Arterial blood gases (II)
3. Metabolic acidosis (TKMC)
SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 signs of hypocalcemia (II)

Chapter-17: Kidney and urinary tract disease

ESSAYS:

1. Acute renal failure (***) [*etiology, clinical features, investigations and management] [*5 causes
of acute renal failure. Pathophysiology and management of acute tubular necrosis] [*causes of
acute renal failure. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute
glomerulonephritis (II)]
2. Acute glomerulonephritis [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management]
3. Urinary Tract Infection [*etiology, clinical evaluation, management][*recurrent UTI]
4. Nephrotic syndrome [*etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management]
5. Describe the clinical features of chronic renal failure. Outline the pathogenesis of renal
osteodystrophy. Mention reversible factors in chronic renal failure. (**) [*clinical features,
complications, investigations and management (II)]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Polyuria (also a part of endocrinology)

2. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis(**) [*classification of glomerulonephritis and treatment]
3. Hematuria (**) [*evaluation of (II)]
4. Peritoneal dialysis
5. Hemodialysis
6. Potassium sparing diuretics
7. Erectile impotence
8. Alport’s syndrome (***) (**II)
9. Renal osteodystrophy
10. Nephrotic syndrome
11. Polycystic kidney disease
12. Acute renal failure
13. Urinary and blood chemistry in Nephrotic syndrome (II)
14. Causes of pre-renal acute renal failure (II)
15. Renal tubular acidosis (II)
16. Renal replacement therapy (II)
17. Drug induced renal diseases (II)
18. Importance of urine examination (II)
19. Renal manifestations of SLE (**) (II) [*lupus nephritis (II)]
20. UTI (II)
21. PUD-complications (TKMC) (?)
 22. Microscopic urinary sediments (TKMC)
23. Classification and treatment of pyelonephritis (TKMC)
24. Proteinuria (TKMC)
25. Endocrine function of kidney (TKMC)
26. Types of MB (TKMC) (?)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Investigations in a patient with UTI

2. Causes of hematuria (**)
3. 4 causes of 2o hypertension (**) (*II)
4. 4 causes of microalbuminuria (**) (*II)
5. 2 causes of non-pitting pedal edema (**) (refer other chapters) (**II)
6. 4 renal indications for dialysis (II)
7. 2 causes of acute kidney injury (II)
8. 4 predisposing factors in renal stones (**) [*2 important causes of nephrolithiasis] (II)
9. 4 features of nephrotic syndrome (**) (**II)
10. 4 organisms causing urinary tract infections (II)
11. 4 clinical features of glomerular diseases (II) (**) [*4 cardinal features of glomerulonephritis (II)]
12. 4 cardinal features of renal failure (II)
13. 2 causes of uteretic stones (II)
14. 4 causes of end-stage renal failure (II)
15. Triad of renal cell carcinoma (II)
16. 4 complications of urinary catheterization (II)

Chapter-18: Cardiovascular disease

ESSAYS:

1. Rheumatic Heart disease [clinical features of Rheumatic carditis. Investigations, management

and prophylaxis of RHD]
2. Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis [*etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management]
3. Define Heart failure. Pathophysiology and classification. Management of chronic heart failure.
(***)
[*define and classify heart failure. Clinical assessment of heart failure with investigations and
management of congestive heart failure] [*types, clinical features, complications and
management of heart failure (II)]
4. Myocardial infarction (******)
[**cardiac risk factors. All complications, investigations, management of Acute MI]
[*pathophysiology, clinical features, complications of Acute MI. Add a note on thrombolytic
therapy] [*causes of acute chest pain in a 40-year-old man. Clinical features, ECG changes,
 biochemical markers and management of acute MI (II)] [*clinical features, investigations and
management of acute coronary syndrome with particular reference to MI] (****II)
5. Acute Rheumatic Fever [*pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment]
6. Pericardial effusion (**) [**etiology, clinical features, diagnosis/investigations and
management] [*add a note on cardiac tamponade]
7. Infective endocarditis [*etiology, clinical features, investigations, management]
8. Essential hypertension. (**II)[**etiology, clinical features, investigations, management]
[*systemic hypertension] (**II)
9. Hypertension [*define, classify and discuss in detail (II)]
10. Atrial fibrillation [*etiology, clinical features, complications and management] (TKMC)
11. A 40-year-old obese male, a chronic smoker and alcoholic, reports to you with retro-sternal
discomfort. Discuss your approach towards diagnosis and management (TKMC)
12. Complete heart block (TKMC)
13. PDA and CHD (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Calcium channel blockers

2. Acute cor pulmonale
3. Cyanosis (***) [*central] (*II)
4. Management of Acute Rheumatic fever
5. Raynaud’s phenomenon (also a part of rheumatology)
6. Cardiac arrest [*management]
7. Torsades De Pointes
8. Chest pain (also refer respiratory medicine)
9. Management of acute myocardial infarction
10. Modified Duke’s criteria
11. Amiodarone
12. Rheumatic fever prophylaxis (**)
13. Unstable Angina (**) (*II)
14. Atrial fibrillation (****) (*II) [*clinical signs and treatment (II)]
15. Coarctation of aorta (**)
16. Cardiac enzymes
17. Eisenmenger syndrome (**) (*II)
18. Digoxin toxicity [*manifestations and management]
19. Cardiac tamponade
20. Atrial septal defect
21. Cardiomyopathy
22. Ventricular septal defect (II)
23. Pharmacotherapy of hypertension (II)
24. X-ray and ECG findings in Mitral stenosis (II)
25. Supra ventricular tachycardia (II)
 26. Pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock (II)
27. ACE inhibitors (II)
28. Pulsus alternans (II)
29. Paradoxical pulse (II)
30. Classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs and their doses (II)
31. Infective endocarditis (II) [*clinical features (II)] (**)
32. Hypertensive emergencies (II)
33. Thrombolytic agents used in myocardial infarction (II)
34. Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction (II)
35. Dressler syndrome (II)
36. Advanced life support (II)
37. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (II) (**)
38. Beta- blockers [*Indications and contra-indications (II)]
39. HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (II)
40. Metabolic syndrome (II)
41. Patent ductus arteriosis (TKMC)
42. Normal and abnormal JVP (TKMC)
43. All valvular heart lesions [*MS/MR/TR/AS/AR] (TKMC)
44. S3 gallop (TKMC)
45. Outline the pharmacotherapy of hypertension (TKMC)
46. Afterload reduction in chronic cardiac failure (TKMC)
47. LV systolic dysfunction (TKMC)
48. Fallot’s tetralogy (TKMC)
49. Blood pressure (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. List 4 anti-hypertensive drugs

2. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and indications.
3. Auscultatory signs of Mitral Stenosis
4. 4 features of Jones’ criteria (***) [*enumerate major criteria of RF (II)] [*4 major Jones’ criteria
(II)]
5. 4 inotropic agents (**) [*used in shock]
6. 4 drugs used in treatment of chronic stable angina
7. 4 contra-indications of ACE inhibitors
8. 4 target organs of hypertension
9. 4 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
10. 4 causes of central cyanosis
11. 4 major contraindications of thrombolytic therapy
12. Name 4 beta-blockers
13. 2 parenteral hypertensive drugs
14. 4 causes of syncope (**)
 15. 2 side effects of Calcium channel blockers
16. 2 contra-indications of beta blockers (II)
17. Causes of bradycardia (II)
18. Water-hammer pulse (**) (II) [*4 causes of high-volume collapsing pulse (II)]
19. 4 drugs used in heart failure (II)
20. 2 important signs of infective endocarditis (II)
21. 4 important signs of cardiac failure (II)
22. 4 important risk factors for venous thrombo-embolism (II)
23. 4 indications of anti-coagulation therapy (II)
24. 4 cardiac enzymes (II)

Chapter-19: Respiratory disease

ESSAYS:

1. Acute pulmonary embolism (****) [**etiology, clinical features, prevention and management]
[*etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and management (II)]
2. Pulmonary tuberculosis (**) [*causes of hemoptysis, trends in management] [*pathology,
clinical evaluation and management. Add a note on pulmonary TB in patients with HIV (*II)]
3. Community acquired pneumonia (**) [**clinical features, investigations, D/D, management]
[*define (II)]
4. Classify pneumonias. Describe clinical features. Role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment
of respiratory disorders.
5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [*etiology, pathology, clinical features, management]
6. Pulmonary Embolism [*etiology, clinical features, and management]
7. Pneumonia. (**) [*causes, clinical features, management] [*etiology, clinical features, diagnosis,
complications and management of lobar pneumonia (II)]
8. Chronic bronchitis. [*etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations and management]
9. Cystic fibrosis of lung. [*etiology, clinical features, complications and management] (II)
10. Pneumothorax. [*etiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment] (II)
11. Acute severe asthma. [*pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, complications and
management] (II)
12. COPD. [*pathophysiology, clinical evaluation and management] (II)
13. Bronchial asthma [*define. Pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment (II)]
14. Write in detail about the underlying causes, blood gas abnormalities in Type I and Type II
respiratory failure and management of both conditions. (II)
15. Pleural effusion [*Signs, symptoms and management of right sided tuberculous pleural effusion]
(TKMC)
16. Compare clinical features of pleural effusion, hydropneumothorax, consolidation and cavity
(TKMC)
17. Bronchiectasis (TKMC)
 18. Cystic fibrosis (TKMC)
19. Pulmonary fibrosis (TKMC)
20. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (as essay TKMC)
21. ARDS (essay in TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Status Asthmaticus (******)

[****acute severe asthma (II)] [**management of acute attack of bronchial asthma (II)]
2. Dry bronchiectasis
3. Exudative pleural effusion (**) [*malignant pleural effusion]
4. Non-invasive respiratory support
5. D-dimers (in pulmonary embolism)
6. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
7. COPD [*management]
8. Lung abscess (**)
9. Spirometry (***) [*pulmonary function tests (II)] (essay in TKMC)
10. MDR-TB (*****) (***II)[*diagnosis and management (II)] [**drug resistant TB (II)]
11. Asbestosis
12. Paraneoplasic syndromes in CA Lung
13. Pneumothorax
14. Bronchial Asthma- stepwise management
15. Acute pulmonary edema
16. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (***) (****II)[**acute respiratory distress syndrome]
17. Diagnostic pleural aspiration and biopsy (II)
18. Rifampicin (II)
19. Management of hemoptysis (II)
35. Coal-workers pneumoconiosis (II)
36. Community acquired pneumonia (**) (II) [*management]
37. Non-metastatic extra-pulmonary manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma (II)
38. Write about categories of tuberculosis treatment, DOTS regimen. (II)
39. Radiological features of emphysema (II)
40. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (II)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 2 causes of milky pleural fluid

2. 4 causes of hemoptysis (**) (*II)
3. 4 drugs used in chemotherapy of tuberculosis
4. 2 causes of cavities in lungs
5. Chylothorax
6. Acute Pulmonary Edema (**) [*drugs used in] [*4 causes of (II)]
7. Mention types of bronchial breath sounds
 8. Non-pulmonary complications of pulmonary TB
9. 4 clinical conditions for use of Rifampicin (refer other chapters)
10. 4 causes of bronchiectasis
11. 4 types of breathing patterns
12. 4 complications of mechanical ventilation
13. 4 causes of pneumothorax
14. 4 external markers of tuberculosis
15. 2 systemic manifestations of COPD
16. 4 drugs used in MDR-TB (**) (*II)
17. DOTS therapy (**) (*II)
18. 4 second line ATT drugs (II) (**) [*any 2]
19. 4 pulmonary function tests (II)
20. 4 causes of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) (II)
21. 2 important signs of pulmonary hypertension (II)
22. 2 causes of pulmonary embolism (II)
23. 4 precipitating factors for asthma

Chapter-20: Endocrine disease

ESSAYS:

1. Adrenal Insufficiency [*etiology, clinical features, investigations, management]

2. Hyperthyroidism [*etiology, clinical features, investigations, management]
3. Etiology, clinical assessment, and management of hypothyroidism. Add a note on myxedema
coma. (II)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Polyuria (refer George Mathew)

2. Diabetes insipidus
3. Adrenal insufficiency [*clinical features]
4. Tetany (***) (**II)
5. Pseudohypoparathyroidism (**)
6. Hyperthyroidism (***) [*Graves’ disease (II)] [*diagnosis and complications of thyrotoxicosis
(TKMC)]
7. Addison’s disease (***) (*II) [*Addison’s crisis (II)]
8. Causes of short stature
9. Thyroid profile (**) [*thyroid function tests]
10. Acromegaly (**)
11. Incretin mimetics (?)
12. Klinefelter’s syndrome (II)
13. Hirsutism (II)
 14. Adrenal crisis (**) (**II)
15. Thyroid (II)
16. Myxedema coma (II)
17. Sheehan’s syndrome (II)
18. Hypothyroid state (II) [cretisnism (TKMC)]
19. Syndrome of Inaapropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) (II)
20. Thyroid storm (II)
21. Cushing’s syndrome (II) (**) [*clinical features (II)]
22. Myxedema madness (TKMC)
23. Sexual dysfunction (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 causes of adrenocortical insufficiency

2. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
3. 4 counter-regulatory hormones
4. 4 drugs causing gynecomastia (**) (*II) [*4 causes of gynecomastia (II)]
5. 4 endocrine causes of weight gain
6. Drugs used in hyperthyroidism (II)
7. 4 features of Gigantism
8. 4 symptoms of Myxedema
9. 2 important causes of thyroid swelling (II)
10. (list) 4 important signs of Grave’s ophthalmopathy (II)
11. 4 clinical features of acromegaly (II)
12. 4 symptoms of thyrotoxicosis (II)

Chapter-21: Diabetes Mellitus

ESSAYS:

1. Classify Diabetes Mellitus. Enumerate the chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus. How
would you treat and monitor the control in an uncomplicated Type-II Diabetes Mellitus?
2. Classify Diabetes Mellitus. Enumerate acute complications of DM. Define about Dawn and
Somogyi phenomenon.
3. Diagnostic criteria of Diabetes Mellitus. Elaborate on clinical features and management of
Diabetes ketoacidosis. (**) [*clinical features, investigations, complications and management
(II)]

SHORT NOTES:

1. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Add a note on newer insulins

2. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (**) (*II)
 3. Diabetic ketoacidosis (**) [*management]
4. Peripheral neuropathy (?)
5. Diabetic retinopathy
6. Insulin therapy
7. Hypoglycemia (**) (*II)
8. Oral glucose tolerance test
9. Oral hypoglycemic agents (II)
10. Non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma (**) (II) [*hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (II)]
11. Insulin analogues (**) (II) [*insulin glargine]
12. Diabetic nephropathy (II)
13. Sitagliptin (II)
14. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (II)
15. Causes of secondary diabetes (TKMC)
16. Brittle diabetes (?) (TKMC)
17. Insulinoma (TKMC)
18. Drug induced hypoglycemia (TKMC)
19. Glycosylated hemoglobin (TKMC)
20. (?) PBS (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. WHO criteria for diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

2. 4 causes of hypoglycemia
3. 4 features of hypoglycemia (**) [*4 neuro-glycopenic symptoms (II)]
4. 4 complications of diabetes mellitus (II)
5. 4 metabolic/ biochemical features of DKA
6. 4 signs of DKA (II)
7. 4 risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus
8. 4 newer drugs in management of Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
9. 4 important features of diabetic retinopathy (II)
10. Whipple’s triad in hypoglycemia
11. 4 causes of coma in a diabetic patient (II)

Chapter-22: Alimentary tract and pancreatic disease

ESSAYS:

1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (**) [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and

management] [*ulcerative colitis-pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management]
2. Acute pancreatitis. (**) [**causes, clinical features, investigations and management] (**II)
3. Acute gastroenteritis. [*causes, clinical features, investigations and management] (II)
4. Chronic peptic ulcer. [*etiology, clinical features, complications and management] (II)
SHORT NOTES:

1. Tropical sprue
2. Helicobacter pylori (?infectious diseases)
3. Proton pump inhibitors (**)
4. Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
5. Ulcerative Colitis (**) [*extra-intestinal manifestations]
6. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (**)
7. Celiac disease
8. Malabsorption syndrome (***) [*clinical features and management] (*II)
9. Upper G.I. Endoscopy
10. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
11. Complications of peptic ulcer disease (II)
12. Omeprazole (II)
13. Management of H. pylori related duodenal ulcer (II)
14. Acute pancreatitis [*treatment (II)]
15. Lower G.I bleed (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Four drugs used in Ulcerative Colitis

2. Eradication of H.pylori (**) [*drugs in]
3. 4 complications of upper GI endoscopy
4. Ingredients of ORS
5. Any 4 methods in diagnosing H.pylori infection (**) [*diagnosis]
6. 4 causes of obstructive jaundice
7. 4 important risk factors for gastric cancer
8. 2 indications and contraindications of upper GI endoscopy (II)
9. Name 4 proton pump inhibitors (**) (II)
10. 4 clinical features of carcinoid tumors (II) (refer other chapters also)
11. 4 causes of upper GI bleed (II)

Chapter-23: Liver and Biliary tract disease

ESSAYS:

1. Enumerate causes of cirrhosis of Liver. Discuss clinical features, investigations and complications
of Alcoholic Cirrhosis of Liver. Management strategy of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
2. Viral hepatitis. [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigtions and Rx. Add a note on
prevention]
 3. Hepatic encephalopathy [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and management]
4. Ascites (TKMC)
5. Portal hypertension (essay in TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Ascites (**) [*management] [*management of refractory ascites (II)]

2. Portal hypertension
3. Hepatic Encephalopathy (***) [*precipitating factors, **management (**II)]
4. Amebic liver abscess (**) (*II)
5. Management of acute bleeding from esophageal varices
6. Liver function tests
7. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (**) (*II)
8. Liver biopsy- indications and contraindications (**) [*techniques (TKMC)]
9. Hepato-renal syndrome
10. Hepatitis C
11. Hydatid disease (**) (II) [*hydatid cyst]
12. Hepatitis B. [*management] (II)
13. Alcoholic liver disease (II)
14. Wilson’s disease (II)
15. Fulminant hepatic failure (TKMC)
16. Hepatoma (TKMC)
17. Hemolytic jaundice (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Acute viral hepatitis

2. Charcot’s triad
3. 4 congenital hyperbilirubenemic disorders
4. 4 causes of fever with jaundice (***) (**II)
5. 4 drugs used in chronic hepatitis B
6. Schedule of hepatits B vaccination
7. 4 liver function tests to assess liver disease.
8. 2 complications of portal hypertension (II)
9. 2 causes of liver abscess (II)
10. Hemorrhagic ascites (II)
11. 4 poor prognostic factors in alcoholic liver disease (II)
12. 4 precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy (II)
13. 4 hepatotoxic drugs
Chapter-24: Blood disease

ESSAYS:

1. Iron deficiency anemia (****) [***prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features,

investigations and principles of management] (***II)
2. Chronic myeloid leukemia [*etiology, natural history, clinical features, investigations and
management]
3. Aplastic anemia. [*etiology, clinical features, investigations, treatment]
4. Classify Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Describe etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of AML
(II)
5. Sickle cell anemia. [*pathology, clinical features, investigations and management (II)]
6. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and
management (II)]
7. Mention the common bleeding disorders. Discuss in detail any one of them.
8. Blood transfusion (TKMC)
9. Megaloblastic anemia (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Megaloblastic anemia (**)

2. Hemophilia A (***) [*clinical and laboratory features] [**hemophilia] (*II)
3. Peripheral blood smear- its diagnostic value (**) [*examination]
4. Parenteral Iron Therapy (**) [*treatment of iron deficiency anemia (II)]
5. Low molecular weight heparin
6. Sickle cell anemia [*clinical features]
7. Chronic ITP (**)[*management] [**Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (II)]
8. Pernicious anemia [*diagnosis, treatment]
9. Hodgkin’s lymphoma (**) [*staging and management]
10. Disseminated Intra-vascular Coagulation (***) [*causes of] [*diagnosis (II)]
11. Schilling test
12. Agranulocytosis (***) (*II)
13. Laboratory investigations in a case of hemolytic anemia. (**) (*II)
14. Splenomegaly
15. Thalassemias [*management]
16. Hazards of blood transfusions
17. Management of acute leukemia
18. Multiple myeloma (II)
19. Bone marrow transplantation (II)
20. Peripheral blood picture of chronic myeloid leukemia (II)
21. Aplastic anemia (II)
22. Von WIllebrand disease (II)
23. Folic acid (II)
 24. Polycythemia Vera (II) (***) [**primary proliferative polycythemia (*TKMC)]
25. Allogenic bone marrow transplant (II)
26. Blood component therapy (II)
27. Iron deficiency anemia (II) (**)
28. Sideroblastic anemia (TKMC)
29. Lymphoma (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 2 indications for bone marrow transplant

2. 4 causes for neutropenia (**) [*4 drugs causing]
3. 4 causes of massive splenomegaly (**) (II)
4. Importance of Philadelphia chromosome
5. Sickle cell crisis
6. 4 causes of megaloblastic anemia
7. 4 myeloproliferative diseases
8. 4 causes of purpura
9. 4 complications of blood transfusions
10. 4 diagnostic features of beta-thalessemia
11. 4 causes of eosinophilia (**) (*II)
12. Plasmapheresis (?) (II)
13. Stem cell transplant (?) (II)
14. 4 causes of generalized lymphadenopathy (II)
15. 4 hemoglobinopathies (II)
16. Stages of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (II)
17. Blood picture in dimorphic anemia (II)
18. Name 2 GP (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) antagonists (II)- [tirobifan, abciximab]

Chapter-25: Rheumatology and Bone disease

ESSAYS:

1. Rheumatoid Arthritis. (**) [**pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and

management] (*II)
2. Osteoporosis. [*pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and management]
3. Mention seronegative arthropathies. Describe clinical features and diagnosis of Ankylosing
spondylitis (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Gout (******) [*diagnosis and treatment] [*management] (*II)

2. Osteoporosis [*Management]
 3. Sjogren’s syndrome (**) [*clinical features and management (II)]
4. Reactive arthritis (***) (*II)
5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (**) (*II)
6. Gait (refer other chapters-davidson’s index)
7. Pseudo-Gout
8. Takayasu arteritis (**) (*II)
9. Seronegative spondyloarthritis (II)
10. Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (***) (II) [*DMARD] [*Management of rheumatoid
arthritis]
11. Criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (***) (**II) [*rheumatoid arthritis (II)]
12. Psoriatic arthritis (II)
13. Seronegative arthritis (TKMC)
14. Polymyosistis (TKMC)
15. Polymyalgia rheumatica (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
2. 2 drugs used as DMARDS (**) [*name any 2 (II)]
3. Ankylosing spondylitis (**) [*4 extra-articular features of]
4. 4 features of SLE (**) [*2 diagnostic criteria]
5. 4 extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis
6. 4 gait disorders
7. 4 drugs producing osteoporosis
8. 4 common features of Felty’s syndrome
9. 4 causes of Charcot joints
10. Causes of seronegative arthritis (II) [*4 types of seronegative spondyloarthritis]
11. Anti- CCP antibody (?)(II)
12. 4 slow acting anti- rheumatic drugs (?) (II)
13. 4 causes of polyarthritis (II)
14. 4 causes of spondyloarthritis (II)
15. 4 features of systemic sclerosis (II)
25. 4 clinical features of gout (II)
26. 4 causes of fever with arthritis (II)
Chapter-26: Neurological disease

ESSAYS:

1. Clinical types of CNS tuberculosis. Investigations and treatment of tubercular meningitis. (**)
[*etiology of meningitis. Clinical features, management, complications of tubercular meningitis]
[*meningo-coccal meningitis (TKMC)]
2. Enumerate the causes of Parkinsonism. Describe the approach to management of Idiopathic
Parkinsonism. (***) [*define Parkinson’s disease. Etiology, clinical features, management]
[*etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and management (II)]
3. Define seizure and epilepsy. Classify epilepsy. Discuss clinical features of tonic clonic seizures and
its management.
4. Mention the causes of Peripheral neuropathy. Outline clinical features, investigations and
management of acute post infective polyneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) (**) (II) [*etiology,
pathogenesis, clinical features and management]
5. Meningitis. [*etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management] (II)
6. Classify epilepsies. Describe a typical attack of Grandmal epilepsy. How do you manage a case of
status epilepticus? (**) (*II) [*classify epilepsy. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features. Management
of status epilepticus]
7. Myasthenia gravis [*etiology, pathology, clinical evaluation and management. Add a note on
LEMS] (II)
8. Coma at 35 years/ comatose patient (TKMC)
9. Pyogenic meningitis (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Sub tentorial brain tumors

2. Brainstem reflexes
3. Partial seizures [*causes]
4. Trigeminal neuralgia
5. Cerebral malaria (**) [**management] (*II)
6. Bacterial meningitis [*treatment]
7. Lumbar puncture (***) (**II)
8. Acute confusion
9. Draw and label a diagram of Circle of Willis
10. Migraine (***) [*management] (*II)
11. Status epilepticus (***) (**II) [*management]
12. EEG
13. Primitive reflexes
14. Sub-acute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis
15. Febrile seizures
16. Tubercular meningitis [*laboratory diagnosis and treatment] (II)
17. Brain death (II)
 18. CSF picture in meningitis (***) (II) [**in tubercular meningitis (II)]
19. Drug therapy in Parkinsonism (II)
20. Bell’s palsy (II)
21. Phenytoin (II)
22. Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (II)
23. Guillain- Barre syndrome (II)
24. Parkinsonism (II)
25. Symptoms and signs of increased intra-cranial tension (II)
26. Claw hand (TKMC)
27. Superficial reflexes (TKMC)
28. Psychomotor epilepsy (TKMC)
29. Brain stem reflexes (TKMC)
30. Partial seizure (TKMC)
31. TIA (TKMC)
32. CT Scan of head (TKMC)
33. Internal ophtlamoplegia (TKMC)
34. Loss of memeory (TKMC)
35. Vestibular neuronitis (TKMC)
36. Trigeminal neuralgia (TKMC)
37. Increased ICT (TKMC)
38. Neuralgic amyotrophy (TKMC)
39. Pontine hemorrhage (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 2 changes in CNS with ageing and their corresponding consequences

2. Etiology of pyogenic meningitis
3. Causes of Parkinsonism
4. Horner’s syndrome
5. Psychosis
6. Mention causes of meningitis
7. Mention signs of meningeal irritation (**)
8. 4 causes of proximal muscle weakness
9. 4 causes of hydrocephalus
10. 4 adverse effects of phenytoin
11. 4 causes of delirium in elderly
12. 4 causes of pin-point pupil
13. 4 causes of xanthochromia in CSF analysis
14. 4 clinical features of increased intra-cranial tension
15. 4 feature of neuropathic pain
16. 4 metabolic causes of coma
17. Any 4 CSF changes in tuberculous meningitis
 18. 4 causes of carpal tunnel syndrome
19. Name 4 causes of metabolic encephalopathy
20. 4 causes of B/L facial palsy of LMN type
21. 4 secondary causes of headache
22. 4 neurocutaneous syndromes
23. 2 components of lateral medullary syndrome
24. 4 clinical features of parkinsonism (II)
25. 4 anti-epileptic drugs (***) (II) [*4 newer anti-epileptic drugs (II)]
26. Bell’s palsy (II) (**)
27. Catatonia (II)
28. 4 neurotransmitters (**) (**II)
29. 4 complications of lumbar puncture (II)
30. Features of hypertensive encephalopathy (II)
31. 2 causes of papilledema (II)
32. 4 complications of sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (II)
33. 4 clinical features of cerebellar disease (II)
34. Define: TIA and RIND (II)
35. Upper motor neuron signs (II)
36. List the cranial nerves involved in cavernous sinus thrombosis (II)
37. 4 causes of acute confusional states (II)
38. 4 types of migraine (II)

Chapter-27: Stroke Disease

ESSAYS:

1. Define Stroke. Discuss pathophysiology, investigation and management of cerebral infarction.

(**) [*etiology, clinical features, investigations of cerebral infarction. Describe role of
thrombolytic therapy and angioplasty (II)]
2. Paraplegia. [*etiology, clinical features, investigations, management] (II) (?)
3. Ischemic stroke. [*etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management (II)]
4. Define stroke. Etiopathogenesis, clinical features. Outline management of hemorrhagic stroke.
(II)
5. Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

1. Computerized tomography in stroke. (II)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 causes of stroke in young

2. Prognostic factors in stroke (II)

Chapter-28: Skin disease

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Hypopigmented skin lesions

2. CREST syndrome
3. Scabies (***) [*drugs used in scabies, ivermectin-dose, side effects, etc.] (*II)
4. Psoriasis (*****) [*guttate] (**II)
5. Lichen planus
6. Utricaria (**) (**II)
7. Herpes zoster (**) (**II)
8. Shingles (**) (**II)
9. Dermatitis herpetiformis (II)
10. Seborrhoeic dermatitis (II)
11. Pemphigus vulgaris (II)
12. Skin changes in endocrine diseases (II)
13. Pediculosis (II)
14. Drug eruptions (TKMC)
15. Tenia capitis (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. Herpes zoster (**) (*II)

2. 4 causes of pruritis without skin disease
3. 4 adverse effects of Dapsone
4. 4 types of psoriasis (II)
5. 2 causes of diffuse hyperpigmentation (?endocrine) (II)

Chapter-29: Laboratory Reference Ranges

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Miscellaneous: Unclassified

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

1. Down’s syndrome
2. Wasting of small muscles of the hand
3. Hystesis (II)
4. Clubbing of fingers (**) (II) [not sure where to classify]
5. Marked loss of weight
6. Thalidomide
7. Regenerative medicine (II)
8. Causes and management of hyperpyrexia (TKMC)
9. Steroid therapy (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

1. 4 drugs contraindicated in first trimester of pregnancy

2. 4 causes of hypothermia
3. 4 complications of cerebral. (?) (Feb-2013)
4. 4 immunosuppressive drugs
5. 4 abnormal types of gait
6. 4 causes of oral ulcerations (II)
7. 2 causes of elevated ASO titre (II)
8. 2 causes of unilateral limb edema (II)
9. 4 non-respiratory causes of clubbing (II)
10. 4 causes of parotid gland swelling (II)

________________