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Welcome
CS104: Computer Organization  To the path of understanding the engineering in
Computer Science Engineering.
Lecture 01, 3rd January, 2019
 To the art of hardware design.
Prof. Gautam Barua  To the art of abstractions.
Computer Organization (IS F242)
Dr. Dip1 :Sankar
Lecture Banerjee
Introductory Thoughts  To the world of systems.
Dip Sankar Banerjee
dsb@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in
Department
Indian Institute of CS &Technology,
of Information IS Guwahati
Jan-Apr 2019

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What you will learn in CS-104 Pervasive Idea

 Abstraction: only way of dealing with complex systems
 Divide world into objects, each with an…
 Interface: knobs, behaviors, knobs → behaviors

 Implementation: “black box” (ignorance+apathy)

 Only specialists deal with implementation, rest of us with

interface
 Example: car, only mechanics know how implementation works

 Layering: abstraction discipline makes life even simpler

 Divide objects in system into layers, layer n objects…
 Implemented using interfaces of layer n – 1

 Don’t need to know interfaces of layer n – 2 (sometimes

helps)

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Pervasive Idea What is a Computer ? CPU

 Inertia: a dark side of layering

 Layer interfaces become entrenched over time

(“standards”)
 Very difficult to change even if benefit is clear (example:
Digital TV)

 Opacity: hard to reason about performance across

layers

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What is a Computer ? Main Memory What is a Computer ? Secondary Mem

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What is a Computer ? I/O What is a Computer ? Motherboard

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What is a Computer ? How do Computers Work ?

• Components: • Each of the following abstracts everything
– input (mouse, keyboard, camera, microphone...) below it:
– Applications software
– output (display, printer, speakers....)
– Systems software
– memory (caches, DRAM, SRAM, hard disk drives, Flash....) – Assembly Language
– network (both input and output) – Machine Language
– Architectural Approaches: Caches, Virtual
• Our primary focus: the processor (datapath and control) Memory, Pipelining
– implemented using billions of transistors – Sequential logic, finite state machines
– Combinational logic, arithmetic circuits
– Impossible to understand by looking at each transistor – Boolean logic, 1s and 0s
– We need...abstraction! – Transistors used to build logic gates (e.g.
CMOS)
– Semiconductors/Silicon used to build
An abstraction omits unnecessary detail, transistors
helps us cope with complexity. – Properties of atoms, electrons, and
quantum dynamics

• Notice how abstraction hides the detail of lower

levels, yet gives a useful view for a given
purpose

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The von Neumann Model The von Neumann Model

• The control unit fetches the next instruction from memory using the
program counter to determine where the instruction is located • The instruction is decoded into a language that the ALU can understand.

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The von Neumann Model The von Neumann Model

• Any data operands required to execute the instruction are fetched • The ALU executes the instruction and places results in registers or
from memory and placed into registers within the CPU. memory.

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Abstraction, Layering and Computers

Course Logistics

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Intended Learning Outcomes Course

• What are you expected to do after the course?
• Course website to be hosted on Piazza.
– Remembering: Describe, define, draw, recite, quote, name, tell,
write • Detailed syllabus and lecture plan already online.
– Understanding: Classify, compare, exemplify, conclude, • For all lecture slides
demonstrate, illustrate, interpret.
• Reading Materials
– Applying: Apply, change, choose, compute, dramatize, implement,
prepare, produce. • Discussions/Doubts/Clarifications
– Analysing: Characterize, compare, contrast, debate, deduce,
differentiate, distinguish, examine.
– Evaluating: Appraise, argue, assess, choose, justify, predict, • Office Hours:
prioritize, prove, rank, monitor. • Prof. Barua: With prior appointment only
– Creating: Construct, design, develop, generate, invent, compose,
plan, make, hypothesize.
• Dr. Banerjee : 5 – 6 PM on all days at office 213.
• Source : Bloom’s Taxonomy. Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) • With TAs : TBA

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Assessment Academic Integrity

• 30% Class Tests. (At least 3 class tests will be held
after completion of a major module).
• 60% Exams: (1 midterm 25% and end semester
35%)
• 10% Lab Exams: (1 lab exam on assembly
language programming)
• ?% Class Participation: Participation (i.e. not just
attendance) in classroom discussions and online
forum for course
• Be careful about:
– Verbatim reproduction from external resources
– Paraphrasing from earlier work
– Disrupting classroom activity
– Cheat, copy, and collaborate on assignments
• Participate in discussions
– There are no “stupid” questions 
– Be considerate of your fellow classmates