COLD WAR

• The term “cold” signifies the absence of fighting on a large-scale directly between two
rivals.
There were 2 sides Capitalsim and communism
Capitalism- 1. there was a free economy 2. Businesses were owned by a private
individuals.
Communism – 1. There was a controlled economy. 2. All the profits went to the state.
Everything was run by govt. on behalf of the people.
History

• when the First World War ended, the United States emerged as the strongest power
in the world. both military and economically. The power increased when US
acquired atom bomb.
• After the US, USSR was the most powerful.
• The war was just over but tensions between usa and ussr came up. The relations
between them weakened and this gave rise to the cold war.
• The world was divided in 2 blocs – US and the west European countries and Soviet
Union and the socialist countries of eastern Europe.
Genesis

• In the beginning of the World War 2 , USSR was the part of Axis power
• When Germany attacked the USSR, USSR left the Axis power and joined hands with
the Allies.
• Earlier USA was also not the part of it but when Japan destroyed their port Pearl
Harbour, they became part of Allies power
• Japan was the member of axis power, for taking revenge they destroyed two major
cities of Japan Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• On other hand USSR attacked Germany and they defeated them and made wall in
Berlin which divided Germany into two parts East Germany and West Germany, this
how Allies power attack on Axis power which was end of World War Two
Military Blocs - USA
• NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed for defense against the
Soviet Union
• BAGHDAD PACT/CENTO - Central Treaty Organization
• South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). Members were Britain, France, the
Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, United States, Pakistan, Thailand,
Causes of the cold war
• The difference between Soviet Russia and USA The United States of America was not
able to tolerate the Communist ideology of Soviet Union whereas Russia could not
accept the dominance of United States on European Countries.
• The Ideological Difference- When Soviet Russia spread Communism, at that time
America was in favor of capitalism. This led to the Cold War
• Russia Declaration - Soviet Russia brought Communism in media and encouraged the
labour revolution whereas , America helped the Capitalists
important developments
• Cuban Missile Crisis - The Soviets began installing their missiles in Cuba secretly and
these could be used to launch nuclear attacks on the cities of U.S. The USA responded
with a naval blockade of Cuba.
• Star wars - The United States launched a programme of developing new weapons,
known as the Star Wars. These weapons go to outer space and launch attacks from
there.
• Vietnam War- The US intervened in the Vietnam crisis in 1965 by sending troops to aid
South Vietnam in its fight against communist North Vietnam. North Vietnam was
supported by the china and USSR. Communists won the war.
Treaties signed
Limited test ban treaty:- When country make any missile, they test it for several times so they
have set a limit on testing, they can’t test
Nuclear non- proliferation treaty- The countries who having nuclear missile are not allowed to
share their technology or to give their nuclear missiles to other countries.
Collpase of USSR
• When ussr broke up in 15 countries, the end of cold war started. Gorbachev was elected
General Secretary of the Soviet Union.
• Reforms – Perestroika- Gorbachev wanted to restructure the Soviet economy. He
released the tight control of the government on the economy.
Glasnost. - Government will be held accountable for their actions.
• Gorbachev decided to make peace and Berlin wall was also broke down and cold war
ended.