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A. DNA replication is studied in a newly discovered bacterium. It takes 30 min for the
bacterium to complete a round of replication at 37oC. Autoradiography of the replicating
DNA molecule shows the following structure.
III
A C
A Meselson-Stahl-type experiment was also performed. The bacteria were grown for
several generations in 14N-medium and then switched to 15N-medium. The DNA molecules
were then analyzed. (Questions 1-7)
2._____ If the mechanism of DNA replication in this bacterium were dispersive, what
results would be found when the double-stranded DNA was analyzed in a CsCl
gradient after two generations in 15N-medium?
a) One band would be observed containing all the DNA.
b) Two bands would be observed containing equal amounts of DNA.
c) Two bands would be observed containing unequal amounts of DNA.
d) The DNA cannot form any bands if replication is dispersive.
5._____ Which conclusion can be made about DNA replication in this bacterium based
only on the autoradiography structure?
a) Replication in this bacterium could occur bidirectionally from an origin at
point A.
b) Replication in this bacterium could occur unidirectionally from an origin
at point D.
c) Replication in this bacterium could terminate at point B.
d) Replication in this bacterium could terminate at point C.
6._____ If this bacterium is similar to E. coli in its mechanism of DNA replication, then
which will occur when the bacterium is grown at 37oC?
a) There will be two replication forks when replication occurs in poor
medium.
b) There will be four replication forks when replication occurs in rich
medium.
c) The rate of polymerization will vary depending upon the medium.
d) The frequency of initiation will be constant regardless of the medium.
7._____ If this bacterium is similar to E. coli in its mechanism of DNA replication, then
which will occur when the bacterium is grown at 37oC?
a) At least one round of replication will be occurring at all times.
b) Only one round of replication can take place at a given time.
c) The newly synthesized DNA strands will bond together in a double-helix.
d) All rounds of replication start at a specific sequence on the
chromosome.
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I
III 3’
IV 5’
II
3’
8._____ Which is a characteristic of this replication fork?
a) Strands I and II have base sequences that are identical to each other.
b) Strands II and IV have an antiparallel orientation as the fork moves to
the right.
c) Strands I and III will be covalently bonded to each other when replication
is completed.
d) Strands III and IV will be H-bonded to each other when replication is
completed.
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C. The proteins needed for all stages of DNA replication in E. coli are studied.
(Questions 14-25)
16.____ Which property is shared by E. coli DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III?
a) Both enzymes require a template that can be either DNA or RNA.
b) Both enzymes require a primer that can be either DNA or RNA.
c) Both enzymes can use pyrophosphate as a substrate.
d) Both enzymes can make and break N-glycosidic bonds.
23._____ If DNA polymerase I were mutated so that all its enzymatic activities were
inactive, which part of replication would be most affected?
a) synthesis of Okazaki pieces
b) joining of Okazaki pieces
c) proof-reading of DNA
d) adjusting of supercoiling
24._____ A mutated E. coli cell carries out and completes DNA replication, but the lagging
strands are found to contain more errors than normal. These errors are not found
evenly distributed throughout the lagging strands, but are found in clusters.
Which enzymatic activity is missing from this cell?
a) the 3’→ 5’ exonuclease activity of pol III
b) the 5’→ 3’ exonuclease activity of pol III
c) the 3’→ 5’ exonuclease activity of pol I
d) the 5’→ 3’ exonuclease activity of pol I
25._____ A mutated strain of E. coli replicates DNA normally at 25OC, but replication
stops immediately when the temperature is raised to 37OC. Which protein is
likely to be non-functional at the higher temperature?
a) primase
b) gyrase
c) ligase
d) Tus protein
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28._____ Which characteristic is shared by both RNA polymerase and DNA pol III in E.
coli?
a) Both function as holoenzymes that have polymerase and helicase
activities.
b) Both use promoters to locate and bind to the starting point of genes.
c) Both produce nucleic acid molecules that become permanent cellular
components.
d) Both use templates to synthesize an anti-parallel, complementary nucleic
acid chain.
32._____ A mutated E. coli cell contains a slightly altered RNA polymerase which does not
function normally but still allows the cell to survive Which problem is unlikely
to be the result of this altered RNA polymerase?
a) Some genes may be transcribed more frequently than normal.
b) Some mRNA molecules may be longer than normal.
c) The non-template strand may be transcribed in some genes.
d) There may be an increased number of mRNA molecules with incorrect
bases.
33._____ A normal E. coli cell produces a polycistronic mRNA for genes X, Y, and Z. This
mRNA is significantly shorter in a mutated E. coli cell. Which component of
transcription most likely contains an altered sequence in the mutated cell?
a) an intron region
b) a termination region
c) a promoter region
d) a spacer region
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37._____ Gene X codes for a protein in eukaryotes. A mutated eukaryotic cell contains an
altered base-pair in an intron of gene X. Which would be the most likely effect of
this mutation on the biomolecules in the cell?
a) The amount of pre-mRNA transcribed from gene X would be less than
normal.
b) The amount of functional protein corresponding to gene X would be less
than normal.
c) The ability of snRNAs to form a spliceosome would be diminished.
d) The breakdown of mature mRNA corresponding to gene X would be
faster.
38._____ A mutated eukaryotic cell contains a mutation in the middle of an exon in gene
Q. What will be the most likely result of this mutation?
a) The amount of transcription of gene Q would be greater than normal.
b) The mRNA produced from gene Q would be longer than normal.
c) The enzyme produced from gene Q would have less activity than normal.
d) The breakdown of the mRNA from gene Q would be slower than normal.
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