Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous),

Bagalkot - 587103

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOSTATISTICS LAB MANUAL

(2018-19)

Name of the Student ____________________________________

Sem: _______________ Roll No. _______ USN. ______________

UBT411L: BIOSTATISTICS LABORATORY

 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Procedure for creating data files diagram and graphs.

2. Procedure and calculation of mean, median mode, standard
deviation and variance.
3. Procedure and calculation of ‘t’ test
4. Calculation of Chi-square test
5. Experimental research design CRD analysis
6. Experimental research design RBD analysis
7. Experimental research design Latin-Square analysis
8. Calculation of regression and correlation
9. Multiple regression analysis
10. Plackett - Burmann design for media optimization

Lab In-charge Faculty In-charge HOD

Murugesh S H Prof. Premjyoti C. P Dr. Bharati S, Meti
 Experiment No. -1

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING DATA FILE, DIAGRAM AND GRAPHS

Aim: Procedure for creating data file, diagram and graphs

Procedure:

1. Open SPSS software and enter the variables in variable view.

2. Enter the corresponding data in data view.

3. Select the option Analyze it will display descriptive statistics which will be selected.

4. Click on the option graphs on the menu bar and select bar in the menu

5. The screen will display the types of bar graphs like. Simple, cluster and stacked.

6. Click on the required type of Bar graph select the option values of individual cases in

the bottom.

7. Click define button to get the necessary bar graph of the input data.

8. Similarly Pie. Chart line graphs can be obtained by the procedure mentioned above.

9. The resulting page gives the output which is saved in the appropriate folder.

10. Coefficient of Correlation

11. Multiple Regression Analysis

12. Placket Burman Design for Media Optimization

13. Response Surface Methodology for Media Optimization

Flow chart:
SPSS

Type the data

OK

Variable View

Variable Type

Numeric
Comma
Dot
Scientific Notation
Data
Dollar
Custom Currency
String

OK

Data View

Enter Data

Display the Output

 Experiment No. -2

PROCEDURE AND CALCULATION OF MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, STANDARD

DEVIATION AND VARIANCE

Aim: Procedure and calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance

Procedure:

1. “SPSS” software is opened by simply click on SPSS software small window will open in

that window select the option Type the data & click on the button OK.

2. In data sheet, first select the option variable view type the name of the data variable and

then select the data view.

3. Type the data in respective column of variable name

4. Select the option Analyze option will display in that descriptive statistics will be selected.

5. In descriptive statistics select the option descriptive then transfer the variables in to

variable box.

6. Select the option, in that select or click on the options like Mean, Standard deviation &

Variance

7. Click on continue button then click on OK button in descriptive window.

8. Analyze the result output & compare with theoretical values of Standard deviation,

Mean, Variance.
Flow chart: SPSS

Type the data

OK

Variable View For ex: X, frequency

Data View Enter the data

Analyze

Descriptive statistics

Descriptive

Variable

Option

Mean Standard Deviation Analyze

Continue

OK

Output
 Experiment No. -3

PROCEDURE AND CALCULATION OF ‘T’ TEST

Aim: Procedure and calculation of T, Z and F test for given set of data

Procedure:
1. Open the SPSS software and enter the variable name in the variable view.
2. Enter the corresponding data in the data view.
3. From the top icon select Analyze option.
4. Then select compare mean in that go for one sample T-test
5. Select lint as variable
6. Click on OK option.
Flow chart:
SPSS

Variable View Enter the Variable Name

Data View Enter the Corresponding data

Analyze

Compare Mean

One Sample T-test

Lint as Variable

OK

Output
 Experiment No. -4

CALCULATION OF CHI-SQUARE TEST

Aim: Calculation of chi-square test.

Procedure:
1. Open the SPSS software by simply clicking on SPSS. Select variable view and enter the
variables.
2. And select the data view and enter the corresponding data.
3. Select the option analyzes and in that click on descriptive statistics.
4. Followed by this select the option crosstabs.
5. Click on the statistics button and select the chi-square check box at the top.
6. Click on the continue option and the resulting page gives the output which is to be saved
in the appropriate folder.

Flow Chart:
SPSS

Variable View Enter the Variable Name

Data View Enter the Corresponding data

Analyze

Descriptive frequencies

Cross tabs

Chi- Square

Output
 Experiment No. -5

COMPLETE RANDOM DESIGN

Aim: To carry out completely randomized design for a sample.

Procedure:
1. Open the “SPSS” software and enter the variable name in the variable view.
2. Enter the corresponding data in the data view.
3. From the top icon select analyze option
4. Then select compare mean in that go jau one way ANOVA.
5. Then select post Hoc. Option & lastly dunnet option.
6. Finally click on ok.
7. The result is played and save it is an appropriate folder.

Flow Chart: SPSS

Variable View Factor, Dependent Variable

Data View Enter the Corresponding data

Analyze

Compare mean

One way ANOVA

Post HOC

Dunnett

OK
 Experiment No. -6

RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN

Aim: To carryout randomized complete block design for the given sample.

Procedure:
1. Open the “SPSS” software and enter the variable name in the variable view.
2. Enter the corresponding data in the data view.
3. From the top icon select the analyze option
4. Go the general linear models, in that select univariate option.
5. Enter the data and click on ok button.
6. Again select univariate and go to model option and select custom option
7. Enter the treatment first and then block, then select continue and click on ok button.
8. Once again select univariate option and go to the option and their enter the treatment first
and then block.
9. Then select continue option and click on ok button.
10. The result page is displayed and save it in an appropriate folder.

ANOVA:

Sum of source d. f S. S M. S S F
Treatment
Replication
Error
Total
 Flow Chart:
SPSS

Variable View Treatment, Replication, Factor

Data View Enter the data

Analyze

General linear Models

Univariate

Model OK Option

Custom Enter treatment 1st and then block

Enter treatment 1st and then block

Compare main effects

Continue Continue

OK OK
 Experiment No. -7

LATIN SQUARE DESIGN

Aim: To carryout the Latin Square Design (LSD) for the given data.

Procedure:
1. Open SPSS software and enter the variable view.

2. Then enter the corresponding data in the data view.

3. Then go the “Analyze” icon from the top icons.

4. Then from “Analyze” select general linear model and then go to univariate option.

5. Then select “Post Hoc” option and enter the data and click on continue and then click on

OK button.

6. Then select univariate and go to the model option and then select custom option.

7. Enter the treatment first then block, then select continue then click on OK button.

8. Once again select univariate option and go to the “Option” and then enter the treatment

first and block.

9. Then select continue option and click on OK button.

10. The resulting page gives the out put which is saved in the appropriate folder.
 SPSS

Flow Chart: Variable View Row, Column, Treatment, Yield

Data View Enter the corresponding data

Analyze

General linear Models

Univariate

Model Option

Custom Enter Display Means

Continue
Compare Main Effects

OK
Continue

OK
 Experiment No. -8

COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION

Aim: To calculate the coefficient of correlation.

Procedure:
1. Open SPSS software.

2. Click the variable view. Enter your data in a variable view.

3. Now enter the corresponding data in a data view.

4. From the top icons choose analyze.

5. After that select correlate, then bivariate after that regression.

6. Choose linear in that select dependent and independent variables.

7. After that summary of the result will display, that result must save in an appropriate

folder.

Flow Chart:
Analyze

Correlate

Bivariate

Regression

Linear

Dependent/ Independent

Summary
 Experiment No. - 9

MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Aim: Multiple regression analysis by SPSS software

Procedure:
1. Enter the data, in to data sheet
2. Select the analyze button in main menu bar followed by regression and linear in the menu
and sub menu then we will get window -1.
3. Send the variables in to respective box, by selecting dependent variable click on
corresponding button.
4. Perform similar activity with independent variable.
5. Click on “OK” button to get multiple regression result.

Flow Chart:
Enter the data

Analyze

Regression

Linear

Dependent Independent

OK

Output
 Experiment No. - 10

PLACKET BURMAN DESIGN FOR MEDIA OPTIMIZATION

Aim: Placket Burman Design for media Optimization

Theory:
The meaning of optimization in this context does need careful consideration (Winkler,
1991). When considering the biomass growth phase in isolation it must be recognized
that efficiently grown biomass produced by an optimized high productivity growth phase
is not necessarily best suited for its ultimate purpose such as synthesizing the desired
product.
This procedure will identify the important variables and allow them to be rancked in
order of importance to decide which to investigate in a more detailed study to determine
the optimum values to use. The stages in analyzing the data E0 using Nelson’s (1982)
1) Determine the difference between the average of the H (high) & L (low) responses for
each independent & dummy variable.
Therefore the difference = ∑ A (H) - ∑ A (L)
The effect of an independent variable on response is the difference between the
average response for four experiments at the high level and the average value for four
experiment at the low level.
Thus the effect of
∑ A (H) - ∑ A (L) = 2 [ ∑ A (H) - ∑ A (L)]
A = ---------- ---------- ----------------------------
4 4 8

This value should be near zero for the dummy variables.

2) Estimate the mean square of each variable, the variance of effect,
For A the mean square will be
[∑ A (H) - ∑ A (L)]2
= ----------------------------
8
3) The experiment error can be calculated by averaging the mean squares of the dummy
effects of E & G thus, the mean square of error
0.045 + 0.020
= ----------------- = 0.0325
2
The experimental error is not significant.
4) The final stage is to identify the factors which are showing large effect. In the
example this was done using an F-test for

Factor mean square

----------------------------
Error mean square
 Thus gives the following values.

A = 15.125 / 0.0325 = 465.4

B = 13.005 / 0.0325 = 400.2

C = 0.0500 / 0.0325 = 3.255

D = 0.000 / 0.0325 = 0.000

E = 10.580 / 0.0325 = 325.6

When probability tables are examined it is found that factors A, B & F shows large
effects which are very significant, where as C shows a very low effect which is not
significant and D shows no effect A, B & F have been identified as the most
important factors. The next stage would then be the optimization of the concentration
of each factor, which will be discussed later.

Flow chart: Open the minitab

DOE

Factorial

Create Fractional
Design

Number of factor Design

Replications
Center point
Block

OK

Higher value for (1)

Enter the data Lower value for (-1)

Analyze the result