10/15/2020 OneNote

Storm Drainage System

Thursday, October 15, 2020 7:49 PM

Introduction
• Drainage is the method of removing surface or sub-surface water from a given area.
- includes all of the piping within a private or public property that conveys sewage, rainwater, and other liquid waste to a point of disposal.
• Main objective of a drainage system is to collect and remove waste matter systematically to maintain healthy conditions in a building.
- are designed to dispose of wastewater as quickly as possible and should prevent gases from sewer and septic tanks from entering
residential areas.

Residential Drainage System

• Remove excess water from residential areas.
- This system helps whisk water away from walkways, driveways, and roofs to avoid flooding.
• Residential drainage systems are very important as they prevent rotting, mold, mildew, and structural damage in buildings from a buildup of
water.

The Need for Storm Drain

• Prevent settlement of structure caused by erosion
• Subjecting basement floors and walls to unnecessary ground water pressure and possible water infiltration
• Rundown water may create wall and window leakages
• Water spillage may cause discomfort to people
• Erosion of soil causes disfigurement of the landscape areas

Drainage Terminology

• AREA DRAIN – a receptor designed to collect surface or storm water from an open area
• CATCH BASIN - a receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period to allow materials to settle to deposit.
• DOWNSPOUT - also known as leader (a conductor if located inside the building), is an exterior vertical pipe which conveys rainwater from
roof or gutter drains.
• ROOF DRAIN – is installed to receive water collecting on the roof surface and discharged into a downspout.
• ROOF GUTTER - the water collector at the eaves of the building.
• SCUPPER DRAIN - is usually located along any part of the structure that would cause water to dam and collect on the rooftop.
• SPLASH BLOCK - located at the end of a downspout to direct water away from the foundation. These blocks help to prevent washout and soil
loss around the base of the house.
• STORM DRAIN - receives storm water, clear water, rain or surface-water waste (SD).

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Methods of Storm Drain Design

• Conventional
- Water drains away as it falls on the roof with minimal build-up or delay; designed to maintain an open flow of air throughout the entire
system.
• Controlled-flow
- The system is designed to pond water on the roof for controlled release.
- This reduces the amount of water delivered to the storm system over a given period
- Results in smaller conductors/leaders and storm drain piping

Types of Residential Drainage System

Surface Drainage Systems
Surface drainage systems contain shallow ditches dug in a parallel pattern, which act as canals for run-off water. These ditches lead the water into
the main drain to avoid water pooling and flooding.

Subsurface Drainage Systems

A subsurface drainage system is also known as a French drain. Subsurface drains are placed beneath the top layer of soil to remove excess water at
the root level. Subsurface drains require the digging of deep ditches and the installation of underground pipes. A large collector drain is installed to
collect water from the pipes.

Slope Drainage Systems

Slope drains allow water to flow downward from a structure with the aid of pipes moving down a slope. A pipe is installed and anchored into a
small incline, which causes water to flow through the pipe and away from the structure.
Downspout and Gutter Systems
Downspouts collect water from gutters and divert it to the ground. A downspout is typically connected to a gutter system on a building and carries
water away from the roof down to the ground. Downspouts empty out the water on a slope so that the water does not pool at the base of the
downspout.

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Design Principle
• The fundamental principle behind the design of storm water system is to install a piping or conductor system to lead the storm water away
from the building and site in a reasonable time.
• The size of the system depends on the rate of rainfall. The rate of rainfall varies with intensity and frequency of occurrence.
• Exterior drainage must be closely coordinated with the capability of the public sewer or public drainage system.
• In many cases, the instantaneous drainage of storm water on a large exterior area may overtax the public sewer system.
- If this occurs, a method of delaying the runoffs may be necessary. Delaying methods include under-sizing the drainpipes, letting the
ground gradually absorb water, and creating a storm water holding area, a technique known as “ponding”.

Design of Storm Drainage System

1)First determine where drainage is required.
• Other than roofs, areaways, driveways, and walkways toward space of lower elevation, entrances into and exits from buildings are areas that
should be considered.
2)Determine the location of roof drains.
• Roof drains should be located at lower spots or in depressed area of the roof.
• A minimum of 0.5% slope toward each roof drain is necessary.
• Structure must be designed to carry the extra weight of water.
3)Determine the roof drain design criteria based on or exceeding the code requirements for the rate of rainfall for primary and secondary roof drain
systems.
4)Select the appropriate drainage fittings.
5)Finally, select the piping materials and method of installation.

Storm Water Areas and Methods to Drain a Storm Drain System

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Size of a Storm Drain

1)Gauging the rainfall, constant, short duration or heavy shower.
2)The varying roof area and its slope including the distance of water travel before it reaches the conductors or downspouts of the roof.
3)Water drain is faster on higher pitched roof, hence, requires a larger drainage pipe than that of a flat roof.

4)The height of the building contributes to the high velocity of water in the vertical conductor (pipe) and accelerate the flow of water entering the
storm drain.
5)Short offsets and indiscriminate use of fittings affect the flow of water.

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