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Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion (I3)

This document discusses research methods in science. It defines research and lists four types: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, and experimental. The goals of research are described as increasing knowledge, developing new products or instruments, and finding answers to problems. Examples are given of how research led to growing apples in the Philippines and creating new devices. The document outlines three types of research based on level of investigation: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. It also distinguishes between experimental and non-experimental research designs. Finally, it defines variables and lists the major types.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views4 pages

Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion (I3)

This document discusses research methods in science. It defines research and lists four types: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, and experimental. The goals of research are described as increasing knowledge, developing new products or instruments, and finding answers to problems. Examples are given of how research led to growing apples in the Philippines and creating new devices. The document outlines three types of research based on level of investigation: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. It also distinguishes between experimental and non-experimental research designs. Finally, it defines variables and lists the major types.

Uploaded by

MEG MONT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion: Discusses the significance of research in systematic investigations, describing its guidelines and attributes.
  • Types of Research: Explores different types of research, including qualitative and non-experimental approaches.
  • Qualitative Data Analysis: Describes various methods of analyzing qualitative data, highlighting data discretion and categorical variables.
  • Methodology and Analysis: Covers the methodology applied in research projects, focusing on testing and prototyping.

UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION

Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando 2000, Pampanga, Philippines
3Q - I3 Page 1 of 4
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - GRADE 12
Academic Track - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, IMMERSION (I3) • Trying to discover truth and new knowledge.
(Second Semester, Third Quarter Reviewer)
C. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
RESEARCH • Explaining how does this dependent variable affect
• Creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in the independent variable. It also explains if there is a
order to increase the stock of knowledge, including relationship between them.
knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of
D. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
• Conducting test and experiment.
• Can shed light on issues we didn’t even know
existed, and can raise questions we hadn’t realized 2. GOAL OR APPLICATION OF RESEARCH METHOD
even needed asking.
• To discover new facts about a known phenomena. THREE (3) SUBTYPES
• Develop new instruments or products. A. BASIC RESEARCH
• To find answers to problems which are only • Goal to increase the existing body of knowledge.
partially solved by existing methods and information.
• To make work, travel, and communication faster B. APPLIED RESEARCH
easier and more comfortable. • Used to solve a specific practical problem of an
• Promote health and prolong life. individual or group.
• To provide basis for decision making in business,
C. ACTION RESEARCH
industry, education, government, and in other
• Seeks transformative change through the
undertakings.
simultaneous process of taking action and doing
FOUR (4) INVENTIONS BECAME POSSIBLE research.
BECAUSE OF RESEARCH • First, there is a problem that is occurring, next you
gather or analyze data, then you will come up a
1. GROWING APPLES IN THE PHILIPPINES solution to solve the problem.
• Benzone Sepe proved that growing apples, which
don’t usually grow in tropical countries, is possible in 3. TYPES OF DATA
the Philippines.
THREE (3) SUBTYPES
2. SOUND LIGHT S-LIGHT
A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Device that converts noise to electricity.
• Generates textual or non-numerical data.
3. SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE LIGHTING OR
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
SALT LAMP
• Produces numerical data or information that can be
• Created by Aisa Mijeno, a LED lamp powered by
converted into numbers.
saltwater.
C. MIXED METHOD
4. PINYAPEL
• Combination of qualitative and quantitative
• Discarded pineapple leaves into specialty paper.
research within a single investigation.
THREE (3) TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO... • Most trusted one.

1. LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION TWO (2) TYPES OF RESEARCH


QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
FOUR (4) SUBTYPES (B AND C HAS THE SAME To quantify data
LEVEL) To gain an and generalize
understanding Objective or results from a
A. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH purpose
of underlying sample to the
• Describing what is existing in a phenomenon. reasons. population of
B. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH interest.

Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima Professor: Ma’am Abigail Ann Q. Basilio
UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando 2000, Pampanga, Philippines
3Q - I3 Page 2 of 4
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - GRADE 12
Academic Track - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand

Generated at Tested or • Partial experiment, effects, experimental group and


Hypothesis
the end. proven. /or control group
Usually a large
number of cases 2. NON-EXPERIMENTAL
Small sample Sample
representing the FOUR (4) KINDS OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
size population
population of
interest. A. DESCRIPTIVE
Structured • Seeks describe what exists and discover new facts.
Observation, research • Example is a descriptive study of how parents feel
Interview, and Data instrument or about the additional 2-years of basic education.
documentary collection survey and
analysis experiments and B. COMPARATIVE
observation • States the differences or similarities between or
Statistical among people, objects, etc.
Non-statistical Data analysis
analysis • Example is a comparative study of service quality
Introduction- Introduction- between private and public hospitals.
Methodology- Methodology-
Findings-And- Format Results-And- C. CORRELATIVE
Discussion Discussion • Attempts to determine the extent of relationship
(IMFAD) (IMRAD) between 2 or more variable using statistical data.
• Example is the relationship between lecturer’s
FIVE (5) KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH teaching style and student’s academic achievement.
FOCUS OF
QUALITATIVE PRODUCT D. SURVEY
THE
DESIGN REALIIZED • Describes attitude, views, preferences, and other
RESEARCH
In-depth Lessons behavioral patterns of a big number of people to
Case study
description learned arrive a certain conclusion.
Collective • Example is a survey on the preferred course of the
Phenomenology Meaning
description Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Accurate (STEM) strand.
Cultural reflection of
Ethnography VARIABLE
experiences perspectives
and behaviors • Any type of category that can be measured.
Biography, • Trait or quality or category capable of change.
Information chronology,
Historical TWO (2) MAJOR TYPES OF VARIABLE
from the past and issue
paper 1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Issues existing • Causes change.
Taking
on the
Action research informed • Probable cause.
different
action • Controlled by the researcher.
practices
• Example is the amount of fertilizer.
TWO (2) TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
1. EXPERIMENTAL • Bears the effects.
• Outcome variable.
TWO (2) KINDS OF EXPERIMENTAL • Example is the plant growth.
A. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF VARIABLE BASED
• The researcher is creating, developing or producing. ON THE RESEARCH APPROACH
B. QUASI EXPERIMENTAL 1. QUALITATIVE VARIABLE
Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima Professor: Ma’am Abigail Ann Q. Basilio
UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando 2000, Pampanga, Philippines
3Q - I3 Page 3 of 4
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - GRADE 12
Academic Track - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand

• Describes data that fits into categories. SEVEN (7) PARTS OF METHODOLOGY
• Answers the question “what kind.”
1. RESEARCH DESIGN
• Examples are nationality, breed of dog, and highest
• Serves as the blueprint of the overall strategy in
educational attainment
finding answers for the research problems.
2. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
2. MATERIALS AND COSTING
• Describes data that is numerical.
• Answers the question “how much” or “how many.” IT ANSWERS THE THREE (3) QUESTIONS
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE MAY FURTHER A. WHAT?
CLASSIFIED INTO TWO (2) - Describe the materials.
A. DISCRETE B. HOW?
• Countable in a finite amount of time, cannot take - Through explanation on the function of the stated
form of decimals material.
• Examples are age in years, number of teeth, and
number of children in the family. C. HOW MUCH?
- The cost of the stated materials.
B. CONTINUOUS
• Can take infinitely many values, takes forever to 3. PROJECT DESIGN
count, and infinitely divisible into whatever units. IT AIMS TO EXPLAIN THREE (3)
• Examples are height, weight, and temperature of
the day. A. EARLY PHASE
- Features and structures of the output or design is
FOUR (4) LEVELS OF DATA MEASUREMENT planned out.
1. NOMINAL B. SPECIFICATION
• Lowest level of measurement. - Discussion on the function of each feature and each
• Unordered scales. structure.
• Categories may be assigned numbers, but numbers
have no meaning. C. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
• Examples are sex, cause of death, and academic - Explaining how is the design or product be
strand in senior high school. developed and tested.

2. ORDINAL 4. PROTOTYPE TESTING


• Ordered scales.
DESIGN EVALUATION INCLUDES THREE (3)
• Indicates direction.
• Implies ranking. A. TEST
• Example is level of satisfaction and agreement. - Asking users to complete task or use the prototype.
3. INTERVAL B. EVALUATE
• No true zero. - Usability and potential risks of the output, product,
• Possess equal interval. or design.
• Examples are intelligent quotient or IQ and
C. NOTE
temperature in Celsius.
- Note the strengths and weaknesses, and the
4. RATIO modifications.
• Has an absolute zero, a point where none of the
5. GUIDELINES
quality being measured exist.
• Examples are height, weight, and pulse. FOUR (4) GUIDELINES IN PROTOTYPE
A. Researchers or designers of the prototypes should
METHODOLOGY
Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima Professor: Ma’am Abigail Ann Q. Basilio
UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando 2000, Pampanga, Philippines
3Q - I3 Page 4 of 4
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - GRADE 12
Academic Track - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand

ask testers and not from the group to try the


prototype.
B. Before administering the prototype testing,
documentation and taking notes are important.
C. The prototype must be thoroughly evaluated and
tested.
D. As much as possible, after analyzing the remarks of
the testers, users, or experts. Researchers must at
least apply the necessary modifications.
6. BENEFITS

REMEMBER THE WORD “AIM.”


A. ADJUSTMENTS
- Developers can make necessary adjustments that
have optimal impact on the output.
B. INSIGHTS
- Developers are armed with insights from the users
thus expensive development errors and future user
problems are proactively address.

C. MINIMIZE
- Prototype testing helps in minimizing the costs and
minimize laborious work in completing the final
output.

7. TOOLS
THREE (3) EXAMPLES OF TOOLS

A. CAMERA
- To document the actual testing such as videos or
images.

B. OBSERVATIONS FORMS
- To keep a written record of the observation and
remarks during the prototype testing or design
evaluation.
C. OTHER RESEARCHER-COMPLETED
INSTRUMENT
- Such as checklists, survey forms, and interview
guides.

Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima Professor: Ma’am Abigail Ann Q. Basilio

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Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima                                              Pr
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Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima                                              Pr
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Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima                                              Pr
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Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima                                              Pr

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