PAPER

ENGLISH

Effective Communication

Lecturer : Mrs. Lili Amaliah, SKM., M.MKES, DNM.

GROUP 3 :

ANISSARI RAHAYU

SAEPULLAH

NURUL APRILIA

II C

DIPLOMA III KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA

2018 / 2019

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 PREFACE

The writer extends special thanks to the God for the blessing and grace for the writer, so we
can finish this paper on time. Thanks to Mrs. Lili as the English teacher for who always help her
students and give a lot of useful knowlegde.

It is one of the assignments in English subject. It is composed of the Effective
Communication. This is not a perfect model so the writer expects the critic and suggestion in order to
make it better.

Hopefully this paper can be used as a reference to learn about the extrinsic elements of a short
story.

Serang, August 31th, 2018

GROUP 3

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii

CHAPTER I

1.1 Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 Formulation of The Problem ……………….………………………………………………………………… 1
CHAPTER II

2.1 Effective Communication …………………………………………………………………………………. 2

2.2 Effective Communication Application ………………………………………………………….. 2

2.3 Effective communication in everyday life ............................................................... 4

2.4 Types of effective communication ........................................................................... 6

2.5 10 Tips for effective communication skills ............................................................... 7

CHAPTER III

3.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 8

RESOURCE AND REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
Effective communication sounds like it should be instinctive.
But all too often, when we try to communicate with others something goes astray.
We say one thing, the other person hears something else, and misunderstandings,
frustration, and conflicts ensue. This can cause problems in your home, school, and
work relationships. For many of us, communicating more clearly and effectively
requires learning some important skills. Whether you’re trying to improve
communication with your spouse, kids, boss, or coworkers, learning these skills
can deepen your connections to others, build greater trust and respect, and improve
teamwork, problem solving, and your overall social and emotional health.

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. What are effective effective communications?
2. What are the common barriers to effective communication?
3. how effective communication skills?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Effective communication

Effective communication sounds like it should be instinctive. But all too often,
when we try to communicate with others something goes astray. We say one thing,
the other person hears something else, and misunderstandings, frustration, and
conflicts ensue. This can cause problems in your home, school, and work
relationships. For many of us, communicating more clearly and effectively requires
learning some important skills. Whether you’re trying to improve communication
with your spouse, kids, boss, or coworkers, learning these skills can deepen your
connections to others, build greater trust and respect, and improve teamwork, problem
solving, and your overall social and emotional health.

What is effective communication?

Effective communication is about more than just exchanging information. It's about
understanding the emotion and intentions behind the information. As well as being
able to clearly convey a message, you need to also listen in a way that gains the full
meaning of what’s being said and makes the other person feel heard and understood.

2.2 Effective communication Applications

We can’t stop communicating, even if we try. A single gesture betrays us. In

fact, even when we are alone we talk to ourselves. Finding the right words and
thoughts comes in handy in all aspects of life. We will mention three main ones.

1. Effective communication skills at work

People who work harder or better don’t always receive all the attention.
Sometimes the main thing is how ideas are sold to the boss and the power of
persuasion. Effective communication skills allow us to develop influential techniques
and reach a greater audience.

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At the professional level, it is essential to know how to deal adequately with peers,
make good decisions even in stressful situations or under job stress. This is one of the
reasons why effective communication skills are increasingly valued.

2. Effective communication skills in education

We can train these skills from childhood, the best and most appropriate way to
develop these skills is in our natural environment. Communicating well improves our
personal relationships and our well-being. It makes us feel competent.

3. Effective communication skills in everyday life

We need these skills to communicate constantly. For example, to tell our

roommate to wash the dishes, give bad news to a friend or send a postcard to our
relatives. From the smallest to the most complicated interaction, we are in constant
demand to effectively communicate ourselves. Communicating well saves time, effort
and makes life more enjoyable.

4. Effective communication skills in a difficult conversation

We all have conversations that we feel are difficult to tackle, here are some things
to keep in mind when dealing with this issue. Miscommunication is very common
because even though we might be in a conversation speaking the same language, our
interactions are more complex than you could imagine. The next video explains how
miscommunication is very easy and how to avoid it.

 How miscommunication happens (and how to avoid it) - Katherine Hampsten

a) Deliver more positive than negative feedback

Postive statements are those that come across as supportive, appreciative,

encouraging, meanwhile negative ones are those that are critical, disapproving and
contradictory.

b) Facial expression

Remember that emotional intelligence is all about reading another person’s

emotion and empathizing. In this case, it’s important to focus on their facial
expression. Smiling is important for social interactions when delivering feedback try

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 to keep your facial expression as positive as possible and always looking for cues of
how the other person might take it.

c) Stress the importance of working together to solve difficulties

When speaking about a problem always try to describe the situation without
any evaluation, identify your feelings regarding the situation (don’t place blame) and
suggest solutions that can make it better (avoid arguing about who is right or wrong).

d) Eye contact

Psychologists describe resonance as a person’s ability to read someone else’s

emotions. This is mainly done through eye contact, it allows for people to create a
connection and helps with feedback.

e) Be authentic 

Even though there are many tips on how to effectively communicate in

complicated situations the critical aspect of all is that you should always remain
authentic. If you come out as someone other than yourself your efforts will backfire.

f) Be Compassionate

Treat every conversation, regardless of context, as an opportunity to connect

with another person who has their own needs and pain. Everyone, at some point, goes
through tough times, sad times, etc. By remembering the human experiences we all
share, you will find that you are able to bring kindness and compassion into the
conversation.

2.3 Effective communication in everyday life

10 Characteristics of a person with effective communication skills

1. They are observers

In a way empathy allows us to infer the mental states of others. Good

communicators know how to anticipate the reactions of others, recognize them, and
modify their speech accordingly.

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2. Can understand the context

People with effective communication skills are characterized by being curious

about the world and adapting to the individual, social and cultural differences.
Imagine that you are traveling to an Asian country and you notice that its inhabitants
feel uncomfortable talking to you. It is probably because they consider disrespectful
to stare into their eyes.

3. Have high self-efficacy

They see obstacles as challenges. Believing in our possibilities makes it easier

for us to focus on what we have to say without being distracted by our insecurities. It
is normal to have certain doubts (and convenient when learning to improve
ourselves), but there are appropriate ways to value more the perception that we have
about our abilities.

4. They are respectful

A person with effective communication skills is able to talk to people with

whom he disagrees and not lose their temper or patience. This is complicated if we
argue about politics, religion or football. How many times have we seen people lose
their tempers over nonsense? Good communicators accept the other person’s point of
view and give their arguments kindly.

5. They are emotionally intelligent

They worry about what their interlocutor feels. They are assertive and
empathetic. They know what questions they have to ask, how to address them, and
when it is best to keep quiet.

6. They are organized

They order their thoughts before explaining them. They think before they
speak and are not afraid to admit that they don’t know something. Both speaking and
writing require that we order our ideas consistently. This way we will make it easier
for our interlocutor to follow our argument and find our words more attractive.

7. They are creative

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 They tend to tell stories to generate emotional bonds with their listener, create
the right metaphors, look for witty and memorable examples, etc. They are flexible
and know what is best for each occasion.

8. Have good references

They examine other’s communication skills and take the best out of each
encounter. They learn fast and perfect their techniques. If this is not something you
tend to do, put it into practice as an exercise to achieve effective communication
skills.  

9. They are not afraid to be wrong

We can’t have everything under control, no matter how effective our

communicative skills. Excellent communicators are not great for their perfection.
They are great because they learn from their mistakes, they don’t give up and take
their mistakes with humor. Failures are inherent in the communicative process.

10. Practice, practice, and practice

It is true that there are people who seem to have a supernatural ability to
communicate. However, this potential is wasted if our communicative skills are not
exercised. A little rehearsal never hurts. Practice enough to make sure your
communicative skills are effective. 

2.4 Types of effective communication

1. Grammatical or linguistic skills for effective communication

Language knowledge is important for this skill. This consists of integrating

every aspect of the language, form, and meaning, maintaining a bidirectional
relationship.  It includes the phonetic level (intonation, rhythm, etc.), lexical-semantic
(vocabulary) and grammatical (structure of words, how they combine, etc.).

2. Sociolinguistic ability 

To use this ability correctly we must be able to understand different

expressions depending on the situation. Language is time-based, therefore it’s
important to always have context. We can tell the difference between listening to a

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 couple say “silly” affectionately and hear the same term when two people criticize
another. Learn more about how we listen.

3. Fluency skill for effective communication

It includes different skills, from interpreting messages and transmitting various

types of speeches in different circumstances. The content of the speech must be
coherent and cohesive. We put it into practice when we tell (orally or written) a group
of friends about our weekend through an orderly and logical structure.

4. Strategic skill for effective communication

It allows communication to be effective and enables mistakes to be repaired

without breaking the course of the conversation. It involves a great deal of tactics to
fill long silences or correct misinterpretations. It also includes non-verbal language.
For example, it consists of redirecting the conversation what the argument gets heated
without being too abrupt.

2.5 10 Tips for effective communication skills

1. Analyze yourself

2. Be simple

3. Be natural

4. Be nice

5. Adapt to your listening partner

6. Try Relaxation Techniques

7. Look for inspiration

8. Remember the power of images 

9. Enjoy communicating

10. Listen

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSION
Effective communication sounds like it should be instinctive. But all too often,
when we try to communicate with others something goes astray. We say one thing,
the other person hears something else, and misunderstandings, frustration, and
conflicts ensue. This can cause problems in your home, school, and work
relationships. For many of us, communicating more clearly and effectively requires
learning some important skills. Whether you’re trying to improve communication
with your spouse, kids, boss, or coworkers, learning these skills can deepen your
connections to others, build greater trust and respect, and improve teamwork,
problem solving, and your overall social and emotional health.

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 RESOURCE AND REFERENCES

Effective Communication: Improving Your Social Skills – Learn how to

communicate more effectively, improve your conversation skills, and be more assertive.
(AnxietyBC)

https://blog.cognifit.com/effective-communication-skills/

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 EXAMPLE DIALOGE ABOUT EFFECTIVE COOMUNICATION

P: Patient (Saefullah)

N: Nurse (Anissari Rahayu)

PF: Patient Family (Nurul Aprilia)

P : “Good Afternoon, nurse”

N : “ Good Afternoon sir, what is your problem?”

P : “I have stomachache”

N : “ What do you feel?”

P : “ I have strong pain and heartburn”

N : “Did you eat something strange”

PF : “Yes, he had spaghetti with clam sauce for lunch”

N : “Maybe you have food poisoning”

PF : “Maybe, he could have been feeling that great for the past few day”

N : “Are you under a lot of stress?”

P : “Not really, things have been going ok”

N : “Maybe you have a touch of flu”

PF : “And then, what should we do to take affect about his stomach”

N : “Ok. As I was telling you before, I am going to examine your feces to check if you have
any kind of practice”

PF : “What about medicine to deal the pain now?”

N : “I will take you some aspirin and some anti inflammatory to deal his pain now”

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PF : “Ok, I will go to drugstore to buy it”

N : “ Get well really soon”

PF & P : “Thank you”

N : “Your Wellcome”

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