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Terminology for Common Injuries 

Abrasion:​ the wearing away of something, as happens to skin when it gets scraped. 

Amputation:​ Removal of a limb. 

Avulsion:​ skin and deeper tissues are cut or torn away. 

Closed fracture:​ a fracture that doesn't break the skin. 

Contusion:​ a bruise caused by a direct blow, which may cause swelling and bleeding 
in muscles and other body tissues. 

Ecchymosis:​ discoloration of the skin, resulting from bleeding underneath. 

Fracture:​ a crack, break, or shattering of the bone. 

Greenstick fracture:​ a partial break in which one side of the bone is broken and the 
other side bends (this fracture resembles what would happen if you tried to break a 
green stick). 

Hematoma:​ a bleeding or pooling of blood in an organ or other area of the body, 


usually because of a broken blood vessel. 

Laceration:​ a cut in the skin that is usually deep enough to require stitches. 

Sprain:​ a stretch or tear of a ligament, the tissue that supports and strengthens 
joints by connecting bones and cartilage. 

Whiplash:​ an injury to the neck caused by an abrupt jerking motion of the head. 

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