DOROTHY JOY B.

NADELA BsEd- English 2C

EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

ACTIVITY 7: POETIC FORMS

1. CINQUAIN
A cinquain is a five-line pomethat was created by Adelaide Crapsey. She was an American
writer who took her motivation from Japanese haiku and tanka. An assortment of poems,
named Verse, was distributed in 1915 and included 28 cinquains. Cinquains are especially
clear in their symbolism and are intended to pass on a specific mind-set or feeling. [1]

- “Snow” by Adelaide Crapsey [1]

2. TANKA
- Tanka verse alludes to a Japanese 31-syllable sonnet, customarily composed as a solitary,
whole line. "Tanka" means "short melody." Similar to haiku verse, Tanka poems have
explicit syllable requirements. They additionally utilize numerous literary devices, including
personification, metaphors, and similes to allow ample visualization. [2]

- (by Takuboku Ishikawa)

Lying on the dune sand
this day I recall
remotely
the anguish of my first love.[2]

3. SESTINA
- A sestina is a fixed structure in poetry that has six stanzas of six lines each followed by a
three-line stanza; each line closes with one of six words in a standard repetition. These six
words are picked by the writer, yet should be repeated in a specific order for the poem to
qualify as a sestina. The pattern is thus:
123456
615243
364125
532614
451362
246531
(6 2) (1 4) (5 3). [3]

- “Paysage Moralisé” by W.H. Auden

4. FOUND POEM
- This genre is a collage of words. Utilizing words in magazines, books or different poems, you
piece together your own extraordinary poem. Where you may locate the content for your found
poetry is totally up to you. You may make a found poetry out of a short book selection,
Shakespearian works or even your #1 magazine. [4]

- “Beautiful Leech” by Carrie Arizona

DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

5. EPIC
- Epic literatures originate from the oral customs of old human civilizations. Epic poems have
been made since the beginning, up to the current day. Epic poems are included in all three genres
of poetry, which include lyric, dramatic, and narrative. [5]

- "Paradise Lost" by John Milton

- Beowulf

6. EPIGRAM
- May consider an elegy, poem, or perhaps even a song.
The most basic definition of an epigram is a brief, clever, and memorable statement. Some of
them are formulated with satirical purposes in mind, and others are purposely meant to be
confusing.

For example, John Donne uses an epigram in his poem "Hero and Leander" when he writes:

"Both robb'd of air, we both lie in one ground

Both whom one fire had burnt, one water drown'd."
While there is certainly no apparent humor in this poem, there is a contradiction. How could two
people die by both fire and water? Examining the other uses and purposes of epigrams helps to
answer that question. [6]

- "Augueries of Innocence" by William Blake

7. HAIKU
- A haiku is generally a Japanese poem comprising of three short lines that don't rhyme. The
origins of haiku poems can be followed back similar to the ninth century. A haiku is viewed
as in excess of a sort of poem; it is a perspective on physical world and seeing something
more profound, similar to the very nature of existence. It should leave the reader with a solid
feeling or impression. [7]

- “The Old Pond” by Matsuo Bashō

8. GHAZAL
- Ghazal (or Ghazel) (articulated as "ghuzzle") is an Arabic love sonnet or love-melody. A
graceful structure comprising of couplets that share a rhyme and a hold back. It is a
Persian/Arabic/Urdu/Hindi and now English types of verse between 5-15 rhyming couplets
with or without abstain. Ghazal for the most part has one idea (like love, passing, spring) and
that is generally equivocal in nature on the grounds that every couplet is an autonomous
sonnet in itself. Every couplet in ghazal has a similar meter/syllables that will follow all
through the sonnet. [8]

- There are 19 various types of ghazals that can be classified in three classes of short, medium,
and since quite a while ago dependent on the quantity of syllables from 6 to 24. In ghazal, the
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

artist as a rule puts his/her pseudonym in the last line and turns into an aspect of the sonnet.
[8]

- The rhyming in Ghazal closes like aA bA cA dA eA and so on In the event that you decide to
add abstain to your sonnet, the hold back comes after the rhyming in every couplet. In
Ghazal, the main couplet must have the rhyming and the abstain in the two parts of the
couplet in resulting couplets, just the second 50% of the couplet will follow a similar plan of
rhyming. [8]

- A ghazal is a kind of sonnet which is intended to communicate torment and the affection that
can endure through that torment. It was a famous type of verse during the 1800s all through
Arabia and South Asia. [8]

- “Ghazal: Circle Home”

9. SONNET
-The sonnet is a type of expressive verse starting in Italy in the thirteenth century. Indeed,
"sonnet" is gotten from the Italian word sonetto, signifying "little sound" or "little song." You can
detect a poem by its 14-line plan. [9]

-Inside those 14 lines, you'll note that traditional sonnets also follow imbic pentaameter. That is,
each line contains five iambs (or sets of two syllables) where the primary syllable is unstressed
and the subsequent syllable is pushed (i.e., he ROSE). Despite the fact that cutting edge writers
now and again stray from this norm for impact, it's imperative to perceive how everything
started.[9]

-"Astrophil and Stella 1"

10. ELEGY
-An elegy is a sorrowful poem, typically written in recognition of a lost one for a burial service or
as a mourn. An elegy tells the traffic story of an individual, or a person's misfortune, instead of
the aggregate story of a people, which can be found in epic verse. An epitaph for the most part
joins three phases of misfortune: first there is anguish, at that point recognition of the dead one,
lastly comfort. [10]

- “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman, 1891

11. SAPPHIC
- Assigning or of specific meters or a type of stanza or strophe utilized by or named after
Sappho, esp. a refrain of three lines, of five or six burdens each, trailed by a short line. [11]
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

- Sappho utilized a few metrical structures for her verse, most broadly the Sapphic Stanza, in
spite of the fact that it's anything but a conviction she made it or as is more probable it is
essential for the Aeolic convention of the time. References by Marius Victorinus guarantee
the structure was designed by Alcaeus however was utilized all the more often by Sappho in
this way turning out to be related with her name. [12]

A couple of hundreds of years after the fact the Roman writer Catullus wrote in Sapphic
Stanza for Catullus 11 and 51 in the wake of appreciating Sappho's work. Catullus 51 being
in truth an unpleasant interpretation of Sappho's sonnet 31. The writer Horace likewise
utilized Sapphics in a large number of his tributes. [12]

The Sapphic Stanza is an Aeolic refrain made out of three lines, in the verse of Sappho and
Alcaeus as there would be no word end preceding the last Adonean. The Modern Sapphic
Stanza structure is four lines. [12]

In Ancient Greek writers utilized a quantative meter dependent on long, short syllables and
anceps (free syllable) giving an organized type of two hendecasyllabic lines and third that
begins as hendecasyllabic and proceeds with five additional syllables which is known as the
Adonic or Adonean line. [12]

Utilizing '- ' to speak to a long syllable, 'u' a short syllable and 'x' an anceps, the schematic of
the Sapphic Stanza can be noted thus:

- ux-uu- u--
- ux-uu- u--
- u x - u u - u - x - u u - - [12]

- “To Chincoteague” by Marie Marshall

12. RENGA
- Renga is an old Japanese style of poetry comprised of stanzas. It is typically made by a few
people, every one taking a turn thinking of a poetry that identifies with a single subject for the
entire poem. The first stanza is three lines in length. The main line is 5 syllables, the second is
7 and the third is 5. The second stanza is two lines in length, both are 7 syllables each. The
poem goes to and fro between the three and two line stanzas what's more, closes with a two
line stanzas. It very well may be the length of you need to make it. The renowned haiku
poetry style originated from simply utilizing the primary stanza of a renga poem. [13]

- “A Hundred Stanzas” by Three Poets At Minase

DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

13. LIMERICK
- A limerick is a humorous poem comprising of five lines. The first, second, and fifth lines
must have seven to ten syllables while rhyming and having a similar verbal rhythm. The third
and fourth lines should just have five to seven syllables; they too should rhyme with one
another and have a similar rhythym. [14]

- "There was a Young Lady of Station" by Lewi Caroll

14. BALLAD
-When people hear of ballads, they often immediately think of songs like he lovestruck melodies
of famous performing artists such as the Righteous Brothers, Elvis Presley, Lonestar, Frank
Sinatra, and Peter Gabriel. While they are partially correct, ballads can also be narrative pieces
written in a poetic form.Literary ballads are often written in the form of poetry, with some
consisting of quatrains and others consisting of couplets. [15]

Tell a Story - They generally tell a story in a very direct manner, and they do not have to be about
love at all.[15]

Use Imagery - Ballads often use vivid and expressive imagery in a detached manner to relay the
tale.[15]

Put to Music - A prominent characteristic of ballads is that they can often easily be put to
music.[15]

They may eventually be set to music, or they remain in their original forms. However, in general,
whether a ballad is a song or a story, it tends to have some sort of musical quality to it.[15]

-Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."

15. PROSE POEM

- Prose is anything written down that does not possess any poetic meter. Prose contains narrative
and does not follow any set rhythm, while poetry is rhythmic and image-based. Prose poetry is
anything that combines these elements into a single piece of writing! If you want a stricter
definition, prose poetry is poetry that is not written in verse and contains other poetic attributes,
such as rhythm and metaphors. [16]

Characteristics of Prose, Poetry & Prose Poetry [17]

Prose:

 Written in paragraphs
 Tells a story rather than describes an image or metaphor
 Generally has characters and a plot
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

Poetry:

 Written in verse
 Written in poetic meter
 Focuses on image-driven metaphors
 Might have a narrative, but it might not or it might be harder to understand

Prose poetry:

 Looks like prose (written in paragraphs)

 Focuses on images
 Includes instances of poetic meter
 Contains language play, such as repetition

- “Topping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, by Robert Frost

16. IDYLL
-a short poem of a peaceful or country character in which something of the component of scene is
portrayed or recommended. The term was utilized in Greco-Roman relic to assign an assortment
of brief sonnets on basic subjects in which the depiction of characteristic articles was presented.
The shows of the peaceful were created by the Alexandrian school of verse, especially by
Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus, in the third century BC, and the Idylls of Theocritus are the
wellspring of the famous thought of this sort of poem. [18]

- “HUMANITAD”by Wilde, Oscar

17. ODE
- An ode is a form of poetry such as sonnet or elegy. Ode is a literary technique that is
expressive in nature, however not exceptionally long. You have frequently read odes in which
artists acclaim individuals, common scenes, and dynamic thoughts. Ode is gotten from a
Greek word aeidein, which intends to recite or sing. It is profoundly grave and genuine in its
tone and topic, and for the most part is utilized with expound examples of verses.
Nonetheless, the tone is frequently formal. A notable element of tribute is its uniform
metrical feet, however writers by and large don't carefully adhere to this standard however
utilize profoundly raised subject. [19]

- Types of Ode

Pindar Ode -This ode was named after an ancient Greek poet, Pindar, who began writing choral
poems that were meant to be sung at public events. It contains three triads; strophe, antistrophe,
and final stanza as epode, with irregular rhyme patterns and lengths of lines.
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

Horatian Ode -The name of this ode was taken from the Latin poet, Horace. Unlike heroic odes
of Pindar, Horatian ode is informal, meditative and intimate. These odes dwelled upon interesting
subject matters that were simple and were pleasing to the senses. Since Horatian odes are
informal in tone, they are devoid of any strict rules.

Irregular Ode -This type of ode is without any formal rhyme scheme, and structure such as the
Pindaric ode. Hence, the poet has great freedom and flexibility to try any types of concepts and
moods. William Wordsworth and John Keats were such poets who extensively wrote irregular
odes, taking advantage of this form. [19]

- Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood (By William

Wordsworth)

18. VILLANELLE
- A villanelle is an idyllic structure with nineteen lines and a severe example of reiteration and
a rhyme plot. Each villanelle is contained five tercets (i.e., a three-line refrain) trailed by one
quatrain (a verse with four lines). The first and third lines of the initial tercet are rehashed in a
substituting design as the last line of each next tercet; those two rehashed lines at that point
structure the last two lines of the whole sonnet. The rhyme conspire requires those rehashing
lines to rhyme, and for the second line of each tercet to rhyme. Accordingly, the rhyme plot
resembles this: A1 b A2/a b A1/a b A2/a b A1/a b A2/a b A1 A2. In spite of the fact that the
structure may sound muddled, by and by it is anything but difficult to perceive how the
standards work. [20]

- “Do not go gentle into that good night” by Dylan Thomas

19. ACROSTIC
-Learn to make your own name or word poetry with these acrostic poem examples and a handy
template. Anacrostic poem is a poem where certain letters in each line spell out a word or phrase.
Typically, the first letters of each line are used to spell the message, but they can appear
anywhere. These examples will help you see how you can use this form in different ways. [21]

- “CANDY”
Crunchy chewy
Awesome
Nice and sweet
Delightful and delicious
Yummy treat [21]
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

20. BLANK VERSE

- Blank verse is a kind of verse written in a normal meter that doesn't contain rhyme. Clear
section is most usually found as predictable rhyming. Numerous acclaimed English
journalists have utilized blank verse in their works, for example, William Shakespeare, John
Milton, and William Wordsworth. [22]

- Difference Between Blank Verse and Free Verse

Though blank verse and free verse sound like similar concepts, there are some notable
differences. The definition of blank verse stipulates that, while there is no rhyme, the meter
must be regular. Free verse, on the other hand, has no rhyme scheme and no pattern of meter.
Free verse generally mimics natural speech, while blank verse still carries a musical quality
due to its meter. [22]

- “The Idea of Order at Key West” by Wallace Stevens

21. FREE VERSE

- Free verse is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of
regular meter or rhythm, and does not rhyme with fixed forms. Such poems are without
rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not follow regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide
artistic expression. In this way, the poet can give his own shape to a poem however he or she
desires. However, it still allows poets to use alliteration, rhyme, cadences, and rhythms to get
the effects that they consider are suitable for the piece. [23]

Features of Free Verse

 Free verse poems have no regular meter or rhythm.

 They do not follow a proper rhyme scheme; these poems do not have any set rules.
 This type of poem is based on normal pauses and natural rhythmical phrases, as compared to the
artificial constraints of normal poetry.
 It is also called vers libre, which is a French word meaning “free verse.” [23]

- A Noiseless Patient Spider (By Walt Whitman)

22. CONCRETE POEMS/SHAPED WHIMSIES

- concrete poetry, also known as shape poetry, is a type of poetry that uses some sort of visual
presentation to enhance the effect of the poem on the reader. While the words, writing style,
and literary devices all impact the meaning of the poem, the physical shape the poem takes is
also of significance. [24]
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

- Concrete Poem--“Candy Canes”

23. COMMA POEMS

-Each word is followed by a comma. A comma, as we all know, represents a „pause‟. [25]
-JOSE GARCIA VILLA’S “WHEN I WAS NO BIGGER THAN A HUGE” (English 120)

24. TERZA RIMA

Originally, terza rimas were written in eleven syllable lines (hendecasyllable), however any meter
can be used as long as it is consistent throughout. Most written in English, are done using iambic
lines, with either pentameter or tetrameter being the most common.Some classical poets have
taken liberties and split the stanzas into mixed sets or combined them all into one long non-
stanzaic work, but the rhyme scheme is retained. [26]

Here is the opening excerpt from one of Lord Byron‟s terza rimas:

Francesca of Rimini
“The Land where I was born sits by the Seas
Upon that shore to which the Po descends,
With all his followers, in search of peace.
Love, which the gentle heart soon apprehends,
Seized him for the fair person which was ta’en
From me, and me even yet the mode offends.
Love, who to none beloved to love again
Remits, seized me with wish to please, so strong,
That, as thou see’st, yet, yet it doth remain.
…
George Gordon (Lord) Byron, 1820
-
DOROTHY JOY B. NADELA BsEd- English 2C
EM7-Contemporary, Popular & Emergent Literature TTH 1:30PM-3:00PM (TAC407)

SOURCES:

[1] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/cinquain-examples.html
[2] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-tanka-poetry.html
[3] http://www.literarydevices.com/sestina/
[4] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/found-poem-examples.html
[5] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-epic.html
[6] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-epigrams.html
[7] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-haiku-poems.html
[8] https://www.poetrysoup.com/dictionary/ghazal
[9] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/sonnet-examples.html
[10] http://www.literarydevices.com/elegy/
[11] https://www.yourdictionary.com/sapphic
[12] http://www.thepoetsgarret.com/2009Challenge/form2a.html
[13] https://sevies.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/3/1/24317847/renga.pdf
[14] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/limerick-examples.html
[15] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-a-ballad.html
[16] https://literarydevices.net/prose/
[17] https://study.com/academy/lesson/prose-poems-definition-famous-examples.html
[18] https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poems/idyll
[19] https://literarydevices.net/ode/
[20] http://www.literarydevices.com/villanelle/
[21] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/acrostic-poem-examples.html
[22] http://www.literarydevices.com/blank-verse/
[23] https://literarydevices.net/free-verse/
[24] https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-concrete-poems.html
[25] https://hiteach007.wordpress.com/tag/jose-garcia-villa/#:~:text=to%20conclude%20everything.-
,I%2C%20began%2C%20to%2C%20Die%2C%20and%2C%20I%2C,is%20followed%20by%20a%
20comma.
[26] https://classicalpoets.org/2017/01/05/how-to-write-a-terza-rima-with-examples/