Module in

Comparative
Models of Policing

DEBBIE ANN MEDINA LEONCION,

RCrim
Criminology Instructor

Name of Owner
II. INTRODUCTION
Policing is one of the most important of the functions undertaken by the every sovereign government.
For the state machinery, police is an inevitable organ which would ensure maintenance of law and order, and
also the first link in the criminal justice system. The police systems across the world have developed on a socio
cultural background, and for this reason alone huge differences exist between these police systems.
Comparing different models of policing plays an important role in fighting the growing problem of transnational
crimes. It is needed in order to adopt new strategies used by other country in order to combat sophisticated
types of crimes. During this Covid-19 pandemic, everything adjusts and emerge the “new normal” way of life
and it includes the setting in education.

III. GENERAL INSTRUCTION

This module contains several lessons. Instructions are explained with activities and examples.
Understand and internalize the learning outcomes. Read well the contents of each lesson. A strategy is used to
let you learn and improve your learning ability and to develop your higher order thinking skills. At the end of
each module, there is an assessment/examination. Understand and answer it as directed.

IV. LEARNING OUTCOMES

This course focuses on the policing models implemented in different countries. It will examine and
compare different policing models in the world. It includes analysis of the policing of the international law
enforcement organization. At the end of this term:

1. You will be able to discuss the different models of policing.

2. You will be able to identify what model of policing is being used in one country based on the
definition itself.
3. You can analyze and discuss the seven theories of comparative criminology.
4. You will be able to differentiate and identify the characteristics of the different types of government.
5. You will be able to discuss and differentiate the transnational crimes.
6. You can compare different police systems of different countries worldwide in different aspects.
7. You can scrutinize the Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral cooperation’s in combating transnational crimes,
namely:
a. Europol
b. ASEANAPOL
c. United Nations
d. INTERPOL

V. TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………….. 2
LECTURE…………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Introduction to Comparative Models of Policing ………………………………… 3
Seven Theories of Comparative Criminology …………………………………… 5
Types of Government ……………………………………………………………… 6
Countries with low crime rate ……………………………………....................... 6
Transnational Crimes ……………………………………………………………. 7
a. Terrorism …………………………………………………………….. 7
REFERENCE …………………………………………………………………………….. 8
ASSESSMENT …………………………………………………………………………… 9
Pre-Test I …………………………………………………………………………. 9
Post-Test I ………………………………………………………………………… 10
Post-Test II ……………………………………………………………………….. 12
Post-Test III ………………………………………………………………………. 12
Post-Test IV ……………………………………………………………………… 13

UNIT 1: TOPIC 1

i. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module:
 You will be able to discuss, analyze, and compare the different models of policing.
 You can identify what method is being used in researching and comparing policing
models of countries worldwide.

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  You can explain the seven theories of comparative criminology
 You will be able to differentiate the different types of government according to their
characteristics.
 You can identify what type of government is being used in different countries worldwide.
 You can determine the reasons and strategies of those countries with low crime rate
 You can determine if the criminal act is a terrorist act
 You can identify the different types of terrorism and terrorists.

ii. LECTURE

Introduction to Comparative Models

of Policing
Basic Concepts to Ponder
INTRODUCTION
 The first police force (Metropolitan Police Force of London or Scotland Yard) created in 1829, by Sir
Robert Peel, he created 17 metropolitan police divisions in London. In 1856 the rest of the country
was required to establish police force.
 Since then, many different models of policing have been developed and experimented with,
developments in policing and crime control were fairly rapid during the 1990s this is due to any
reasons such as; changing patterns of crime, changing demand on the police, and changing
expectation of the police and their role in communities.
Policing
– is the practice for the maintenance of peace and order, law enforcement and for the security of the
community.
- It is the methods practice by police officers for the maintenance of peace and order.

MODELS OF POLICING ACCORDING TO

STRUCTURE

1. CENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM

- A system wherein there is only one police force that is recognized and operates entire a certain
country.
2. DECENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM
- A police system wherein police administration and operation are independent from one state to
another. It is more applicable to countries with federal government.

MODELS OF POLICING ACCORDING TO

APPROACH

1. PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING
 A model of policing which is focused in preventing crime from happening.
 This policing model involves detectives monitoring for patterns in crime to help understand when
and how crime are being committed. Once they have a pattern, they will search for ways to prevent
crimes from happening. This model has more proactive stance than the traditional policing.
 A global movement with American origin. It embraces an analytic approach which takes community
concerns seriously while developing strategic responses that aim to deal effectively with issues
underlying police relevant community problems, the origins of this method is under the work of
Goldstein (1979). It incorporates an explicit conception of nature and role of Modern Policing, with
officer imagination, local discretion and community resources being used where it is relevant to do
so (Tilley 2003).
 It stresses that substance and effectiveness over process and style, it is predominantly evidence
based. Goldstein outlines several purposes of this method of policing as follows;
o To prevent and control conduct which threatens life and property
o To aid victims and protect those in danger of physical harm
o
o To protect constitutional guarantees
o To facilitate the movement of people and vehicles
o To assist those who cannot care for themselves
o To resolve conflict between individuals, groups or citizens and their government;

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 o To identify problems which may escalate for individuals, the police or even the government;
o To create and maintain feeling of security in the community (Goldstein 1977 as stated in
Scott 2000).
 The aim is to achieve the abovementioned purposes by systematically addressing relevant
problems in the community; the identified problems should then be thoroughly researched and
understood. Relevant responses should be identified and targeted on the basis of this analysis.

2. INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING MODEL

 By Sir David Philips
 It originated from United Kingdom, it draws upon the notion that the police can do know a great deal
about offending patterns. The Police should actively gather information about criminals and their
organization (Tilley, 2003). The core emphasis are as follows:
o The focus on crime alone;
o The means used are enforcement and disruption of criminal groups;
o The measure is aimed to reduce the problem by undermining the ability of criminals to do
the business.

3. REACTIVE OR TRADITIONAL POLICING

 It is a model of policing wherein police will respond when a call was received.

4. PREDICTIVE POLICING
 A model of policing which includes predictive and analytical techniques in Law Enforcement to
identify potential offenders.
 It is the usage of mathematical predictive and analytic techniques to identify possible criminal
activity.

5. REASSURANCE POLICING
 It is a model of policing with the aim of identifying signals and it involves the community in solving
community-related problems. It is similar to community oriented policing system. Signal crimes are
those that shape the community’s perception of risk from a particular type of crime during a given
period.
 It gives a feeling of safety that a citizen experiences when he knows that a police officer or patrol
car is nearby.

6. SCANNING, ANALYSIS, RESPONSES, ASSESSMENT (SARA)

 A type of policing which involves four steps in problem solving and decision making process.
o Scanning – it involves detection of patterns of problem activities, including victims, location
and types of crimes. It requires an evaluation of the problem, the perception of the problem
by both law enforcement and external partners and analysis of the severity of the problem.
o Analysis – includes looking for the root causes of any problems or issues identified.
Information gathered from variety of sources, including crime reports and community
members who are directly affected by the issue. Causes of problems can include many
factors, including neighborhood and community perceptions of law enforcement themselves.
o Once cause was identified, law enforcement officials will work with the community to come
up with and execute an appropriate, long term response. After the Response is
implemented, an on-going Assessment is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the
solution and make adjustment if necessary.

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

 It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study
of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.
 Comparing Police System as well as Models of Policing could be Through the following
methods:
o Safari Method – it is a type of research in comparative criminology wherein a researcher will
visit another country for comparison purposes.
o Collaborative Method – one researcher will collaborate the work to a foreign researcher.

o Historical Comparative – most often employed by researchers, used quantitative and

qualitative method (known as Historiography or Holism).
o Unpublished Works Comparison – single culture study and two culture study using published
works.

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INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE
 It involves the study and description of one country’s law, criminal procedure or justice process.
It attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal justice of one country by investigating and
evaluating, in terms of another country, culture or institution.

COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE

 It is a subfield of the study of criminal justice that compares justice system worldwide. Such
study can take descriptive, historical or political approach. It studies the differences and
similarities in the structure, goals, punishments and emphasis on rights as well as the history
and political structure of different systems.

TRANSNATIONAL POLICING
 It pertains to all forms of policing that transgress national borders.

INTERNATIONAL POLICING
 It indicates to those type of policing that are formally directed by institutions usually responsible
for international affairs

GLOBAL POLICING
 Indicates those forms of policing that are fully global in scope.

GLOBALIZATION
- A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different
nations. A process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information
technology. The process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on
economic development and prosperity and on human physical well-being in societies around the
world.
- The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas
and other aspects of culture. Put in simple terms, globalization refers to processes that promote
worldwide exchanges of national and cultural resources. Advances in transportation and
telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of internet, are major factors in globalization
generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.

SEVEN THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE

CRIMINOLOGY

1. ALERTNESS TO CRIME THEORY

- Explains that people’s alertness to crime is heightened so they report more crimes to the police and
also demand the police to become more effective in solving crime problems.

2. ECONOMIC OR MIGRATION THEORY

- Crime is a result of unrestrained migration and overpopulation in urban areas such as ghettos and
slums.

3. OPPORTUNITY THEORY
- Along with higher standard of living, victims become more careless of their belongings and
opportunities for committing of crime multiply.

4. DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY
- Greater numbers of children are being born, because as these baby booms grow up, delinquent
subcultures develop out of the adolescent identity crisis.

5. DEPRIVATION THEORY
- Progress comes along with rising expectations and people at the bottom develop unrealistic
expectations while people at the top do not see themselves rising fast enough.

6. MODENIZATION THEORY
- Sees the problem as society becoming too complex.

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7. ANOMIE AND SYNOMIE THEORY
- The latter being is a term referring to social cohesion on values; suggest that progressive lifestyle and
norms result in the disintegration of older norms that once held people together.

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

Different types of government are included in the comparative police system because the type of
government of a country directly affects its law enforcement.
1. MONARCHY
- One which supreme power of sovereignty is vested in the rules of a monarch. Monarchy is classified
into two:
a. Absolute Monarchy
 Where the ruler rules the divine right.
b. Limited or Constitutional Monarchy
 The power of the ruler is limited to a constitution.

2. ARISTOCRACY (The rule of the few)

a. Derive from Greek word aristocracia meaning “the rule of the best”.
b. Form of government in which supreme power is vested in the few privileged class or group
wherein high power is based from birth, wealth and wisdom. It is otherwise known as
Oligarchy.
c. Related terms
i. Autocracy – derived from Greek word autocrat means self-ruler or he who rules by
oneself. It is usually seen as synonymous with despot, tyrant or dictator.
ii. Communist state – a state with the form of a government characterized by single party
rule of communist party and a professed allegiance to a communist ideology as the
guiding principle of a state.
iii. Corporatocracy or Corpocracy – a form of government where a corporation, a group
of corporation or government entities with private components control the direction and
governance of a country.

3. DEMOCRACY (rule by people)

a. The supreme power is vested in the people.
b. “It is a government of the people by the people and for the people.” (Former US President
Abraham Lincoln)
c. It is classified into:
i. Direct Democracy – where the people directly govern themselves. Sometimes called as
PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY.
ii. Indirect Democracy – the people elect representatives to act on their behalf.
(ex. Philippines)
4. ANARCHY
a. Derived from the GREEK word anarchia which means “without a ruler”.
b. Society free from coercive authority of any kind.
c. Related terms:
i. Anarchism – a philosophical movement rise in the mid-19th century, with its idea of
freedom being based upon political and economic self-culture. Started by Pierre Joseph
Proudhon in his book “What is Property?”
ii. Anarchist – those who advocate the absence of the state, arguing that common sense
would allow people to come together in agreement to form a functional society allowing
for the participants to freely develop their sense of morality, ethics or principled behavior.

COUNTRIES WITH LOW CRIME RATE

The following countries have low crime rate because of the following reasons.
1. JAPAN
 Strong shame-based country rather than guilt-based.
 Some reasons of low crime rate.
 Community policing.
 Patriarchal family system.

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  Importance of higher education.
 The way business serve as surrogate families.

2. EGYPT
 Siwa Oasis embraces the law of tradition (URRF LAW)
 Composed of 23,000 population, 11 tribes.
 Plato: fashioned his model of a perfect government.
 Last crime around 1950.
 Case is manslaughter.
 Punishment: social ostracization or shunning (the act of being excluded from the community)

3. IRELAND
 Low crime rate despite of serious unemployment problem, presence of large urban ghettos,
crisis with religious terrorism.

4. SWITZERLAND
 Advertised in travel brochures as no crimes in Switzerland.
 High rate of firearm ownership but low crime rate.
 Effective in using “iron fist” or velvet gloves.

Topics below are different transnational crimes. It is included in this subject because one of the purposes
of comparing the police system of different countries is to learn techniques applied in other countries
which are very effective which can be adopted in our country in fighting transnational crimes and
modern types of crimes.

TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES

 Refers to crimes that takes place or transgress across national borders.

 Offenses whose inception, prevention and/or direct or indirect effects involve more than one country.
 Transnational crimes also include crimes that take place in one country, but their consequences
significantly affect another country.

A. TERRORISM
Etymology (study of origin)
 Comes from the French word terrorisme, and originally referred specifically to state
terrorism as practiced by the French government during the reign of terror.
 The French word terrorisme turn derives from the Latin verb terreṓ meaning “I frighten”
Definition of Terrorism under the United Nations
 Terrorism as any act “intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-
combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or
an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act”.
 The systematic use of terror as a means of coercion.
TYPES OF TERRORIST
1. National Terrorist
- Sued to define almost all illegal acts of violence committed for political purpose by
clandestine groups. Ex. New People’s Army (NPA)

2. Transnational Terrorist
- Terrorists who operates across national borders, whose actions and political operations may
affects individual of more than one country.

3. International Terrorist
- Terrorists who are controlled by and whose actions represent the national interest of a
sovereign state.

TYPES OF TERRORISM (According to Area of Operation)

1. International Terrorism

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 - It refers to the use or threatened use of violence against person or property by a group or an
individual whose operations transcend national boundaries and are done to further political
and social objectives

Mission Specific Cells – In terrorist’s organization, it refers to small units which are put together
for the purpose of executing specific assignments
Sleeper Cells – in terrorist organizations, it refers to small groups of recruits who are in placed in
target and other countries. Living ordinary lives until activated for the cause, may also perform
services for the immediate group. E.g. counter and reconnaissance tasks.
Cell – it is the smallest element and building block of terrorist organization.

2. Domestic Terrorism
- It refers to the use or the threatened used of violence against person or property by a group
(or an individual) whose operations are entirely within the victims nation, without following
direction and are done to further political and social objectives.
Rightwing Terrorist – it refers to domestic terrorist group who adhere to the principles of racial
supremacy embraces anti-government and anti-regulatory beliefs.

Leftwing Terrorist – it refers to domestic terrorist group who profess a revolutionary socialist
doctrine and view themselves as protectors of the people against the dehumanizing effect of
capitalism and imperialism.

Special Interests Groups – it refers to domestic terrorist group who perhaps the most active
special interests groups in United States or the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and the Earth
Liberation Front (ELF).

TYPES OF TERRORISM (According to Weapons or Methods Used)

1. Chemical Terrorism – it refers to the utilization of chemicals in committing terrorism.

2. Bio Terrorism – it refers to the intentional release of toxic biological agents to harm and terrorize
civilians in the nature of political or other cause. Category a (biological diseases) are those likely to do
the most damage. It includes:
a. Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) – most commonly used biological agent
b. Botulism (clostrodium botulinum toxin)
c. The plague (Yersinia pestis)
d. Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
e. Hemorrahagic fever, due to Ebola Virus or Marburg Virus

3. Radiologic Terrorism – it refers to the utilization of radioactive substances in committing terrorism.

4. Nuclear Terrorism – it refers to number of waste, nuclear materials might be exploited as a terrorist
tactics. These includes:
a. Attacking nuclear facilities
b. Purchasing nuclear weapons
c. Building nuclear weapons

5. Explosives Terrorism – it is the most common form of terrorism through the utilization of explosives in
committing acts of terrorism.

6. Cyberterrorism – it refers to a type of terrorism that uses computers and networks. It can allow
disruption in military communications and even electrical power.
 Aum Shrinkyo and the Tamil – terrorist groups usually use cyberterrorism to fail the computer
security or to show off their technical abilities.
 Ways of demonstrating cyberterrorism:
o By controlling from a distance electrical things such as dams or power plants.
o By destroying the actual machines that contains the electronic information.

iii. REFERENCE

Estoque, Sammy B., Comparative Models of Policing, page 1-7

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 iv. ASSESSMENT:

IMPORTANT NOTE!

List of Assessments:
 Pre-Test I
 SET A - Post Test II and Post-Test I
 SET B - Post Test III and Post Test IV

1. All outputs should be submitted in a photo form.

2. Pre-Test I should be submitted 2 days after you received this module.
3. Your output on the SET A should be submitted five (5) days after you receive this module. Both
should be photograph.
4. Likewise for the SET B, should be submitted within twelve (12 days) after you receive this
module. All three should be photograph.
5. Make sure that you’re going to submit your output on or before the said deadline. Exact date of
submission will be posted in our Facebook group.
6. Please write legibly.

HOW TO SUBMIT?

A. If you’re done taking a photograph of your output in SET A, you will now going to send it via
messenger to the assigned person in your section. You will know who is going to be the assigned
person in our messenger group chat is after the release of the official lists of students.
B. The assigned person will now going to be the one who will send it to me. In order for us to be
centralized.
C. The same procedure for the submission for the outputs of SET B.

1. Pre-Test

INSTRUCTION: Read me first!

You will need a 1 whole yellow pad paper to answer this Pre-Test.
Please write legibly. Avoid erasures on Test I. On Test II, “No Erasures”, any form of erasures or
changing of answers will be considered incorrect.

I. Honestly answer the following questions. It can be small letters or capitalized. 4 points each.
1. What is policing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
2. What is Problem-oriented Policing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What is Comparative Police System?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why do we need to compare different police systems worldwide?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
5. What is globalization?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________

II. Identification. Identify the following. CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY (1 Point each)
________________________1.It refers to crimes that takes place or transgresses across national borders.
________________________ 2.It is the terrorists group that is responsible for the Mamasapano clash.
________________________ 3.What is the type of government of the Republic of the Philippines?
________________________ 4.What country has no crime?
________________________ 5.What law created the Philippine National Police?

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________________________ 6.What terrorist group is responsible for the famous terrorist attack at the world
trade center in New York City on September 11, 2001?
_________________________7.It is an ideology which is a variant of Communism.
_________________________ 8.What is the highest rank in the Singapore police system?
_________________________ 9.What is the Filipino translation of the PNP?
__________________________10.Howmany regional police bureaus are there in Japan Police system?

Hello! Are you done answering this Pre-Test? If NO, keep answering! You can do it! Keep it up! If YES,
take a photo of it and send it to the assigned person in your section. Congratulations! You did great

Rubric:

Pre-Test – Total of 30 points.

Pre-Test I. Test I

4 3 2 1

Neatness Output is neatly done. Output is neatly done Output has more Output is messy.
No erasures or with few erasures and than 5 erasures
alteration on words alterations of words and alterations of
words

Completion All questions are Most of the questions Some of the You did not turn
answered are answered questions are answer at all/
answered

Timeliness Output was received Output was 1 day late Output was 2 days Output was 3 or
on the due date late more days late

Accuracy All of the answers are Most of the answers Some of the Little to none of the
correct are correct answers are correct answers are
correct.

Post-Test I (Topic - Types of Policing and Seven Theories in Comparative Criminology)

I. IDENTIFICATION. (1 point each) Passing score is 17/30

INSTRUCTION: Use a separate 1 whole yellow pad paper as an answer sheet. Strictly NO
ERASURES or ANY FORM OF CHANGING OF ANSWERS. Erasures and alterations will be
considered wrong.

I. A. Identify what kind of Policing is being asked in every statement. CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY

1. The Philippine National Police is what type of policing according to

structure?
2. Police officers gather information regarding a criminal group and establish
their modus operandi in order to stop their further criminal acts.
3. In the Philippines, robbery and theft are very rampant in slum areas
because of poverty. In order to lessen the crime rate, the Philippine
government provides livelihood programs for those people who live in
these areas with the help of the DSWD and DOLE.
4. The United States of America is under a federal government, what is the
type of policing govern their police system?

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 5. Patrolling is a method done by police officers to protect the public and
provide “police omnipresence”. It gives impression that police officers are
always ready to come and respond whenever people need help.
6. There was a robbing incident that transpired in Robinson’s Place Ilocos
Norte. A concerned citizen called the police station nearby and police
officers rush to the site of incident.
7. Acetylene gang is a robbery group whose primary targets are jewelry
stores in malls. In order to stop their further activities, police officers
conduct intelligence operation and patrolling activities in these areas.
I. B. Identify the following. Give what is being asked in the following statement. CAPITAL
LETTERS ONLY

8. It is a study which covers the study of police organizations, trainings and

methods of policing in various nations.
9. It refers to the policing that transgresses national borders.
10. Petra comes from a very wealthy family. She has two (2) phones, one is
an Iphone and the other is a cherry mobile keypad. Due to her negligence,
she left her cherry mobile phone at the canteen of their school. This act of
Petra is explained by what theory?
11. People in different province opted to go to Metro Manila because of the
better job opportunities. With this, the city becomes more overpopulated
and crime increases.
12. It is refers to the worldwide exchange of ideas.
13. According to this theory, the adults are outnumbered by children and
youths thus they only received minimum supervision that leads to the
increasing number of juveniles.
14. Juan is researcher from the Philippines, he travelled to South Korea in
order to conduct a research on the policing system of the said country and
compare it to the policing system of the Philippines.
15. Pedro is a researcher from the Philippines, he cannot travel abroad
because of the Covid-19 pandemic, what he did was he contacted a
researcher form Japan in order for them to continue comparing both
countries policing system.
16. According to this theory, people become more alert about their
surroundings and they report more crime to the police and demand a more
effective response from the police.
17. This theory explains that the present lives of people are not simple and
problems arise every time and everywhere.
18. Youths nowadays are very much into KPop, most of them copy their way
of style, language, and even food. It is a good example of what?
19. Increasing number of crimes in ghettos or slum areas is very much
explained by what theory?
20. The United Kingdom is under what specific type of government?

II. Modified TRUE or FALSE. If the statement is TRUE write T followed by a heart sign (♥), if the
statement is FALSE, write F and identify the word that make the statement false and replace
the wrong word with a correct word.

21. In problem-oriented policing, it has a more reactive stance rather than the
traditional policing.
22. Reactive is otherwise known as Traditional Policing.
23. In SARA policing, after they create a Response in their detected problems,
they need to evaluate its effectivity of the response by means of
Assessment.
24. The Reassurance policing, the methods focus on crime alone.
25. Anomie refers to social cohesion on values.
26. Comparative Criminal Justice studies the differences and similarities in the
structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights as well as the history
and political structure of different systems.
27. Historical Comparative is the most often by researchers by using
quantitative and qualitative method.
28. Sir Robert “Boby” Peel is the father of Modern Policing.

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 29. In decentralized policing system, police administration and operations are
dependent from one state to another
30. A30. Advances in transportation and telecommunication infrastructure,
including the rise of internet, are major factors in globalization.

Post-test II (Activity on Types of Government)

1. Research the following. Follow the instruction.

INSTRUCTION:
1. Use 1 WHOLE YELLOW PAD paper.
2. Maintain Margin
3. Do not write at the back of the yellow paper.

A. Pick 5 countries per continent (Asia (except the Philippines), Africa, North America, South
America, Europe, and Australia).
B. Determine what type of government governs your chosen country.
C. Indicate who is the President, monarch or leader in the said country.
D. Determine the severity of crime in the said country (the crime rate).

2. In your own opinion and understanding, what is the best and worst type of government and why? Rank the
different types of government from best to worst and briefly explain why you put it in that rank.

Hello! Are you done answering SET A of assessment? If NO, keep answering! You can do it! Keep it
up! If YES, take a photo of it and send it to the assigned person in your section. Congratulations! You
did great!

Rubric:

4 3 2 1

Neatness Output is neatly done. Output is neatly done Output has more Output is messy.
No erasures or with few erasures and than 5 erasures
alteration on words alterations of words and alterations of
words

Completion All questions are Most of the questions Some of the You did not turn
answered are answered questions are answer at all/
answered

Timeliness Output was received Output was 1 day late Output was 2 days Output was 3 or
on the due date late more days late

Accuracy All of the answers are Most of the answers Some of the Little to none of the
correct are correct answers are correct answers are
correct.

Post-test III (Types of Government and Transnational Crimes)

INSTRUCTION: Use 1 WHOLE YELLOW PAD paper as an answer sheet. Answer only. Strictly NO
ERASURES or ANY FORM OF CHANGING OF ANSWERS. Erasures and alterations will be
considered wrong.

I. IDENTIFICATION. Identify the following. CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY (1 point each –Passing score
is 12/20

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 1. If the terrorist group wanted to promote their beliefs for example Islam,
through terrorist attacks, they are what type of terrorist?
2. What is the most commonly used method in immersion?
3. Once the illegally acquired money has been deposited in a bank, criminals
will now transfer it to international banks or international remittance centers in
order to frustrate further investigation.
4. It is the country that uses iron fists or velvet gloves.
5. In Monarchy type of government, the power is vested under the ______?
6. If the Philippines is not a democratic country and San Miguel Corporation will
be the one who has control or power in the entire country, what is the type of
government prevails in the Philippines?
7. If a terrorist group attacks the populace by speeding the spread of a virus, it
is what type of terrorism?
8. Is murder considered as a transnational crime?
9. What is the law that penalized drug trafficking in the Philippines?
10. In money laundering, it is the process when the money is already available to
the criminal by means of real state or businesses.
11. They are the terrorist who are controlled by and whose actions represent the
national interest of a sovereign state.
12. If country A has a government in which they are the one who provides for the
needs of its countrymen and capitalism is not exercised, what is the type of
government that prevails in country A?
13. If the terrorist group think that the present government is not doing their job in
promoting welfare among its populace that is why they think that they need to
change it in order to protect the people, they are what type of terrorist group?
14. It is the step on money laundering where the illegally acquired money was
deposited in banks in small amounts to avoid suspicion.
15. New People’s Army is what kind of domestic terrorism?
16. It is a type of government wherein a society is free from any coercive
authority of any kind.
17. What classification of democracy is being use in the Philippines?
18. Moro Islamic Liberation Front or MILF is what type of terrorist?
19. The group of Kulas and the group of Pedro bombed the City Hall of Nabakir.
Later on they asked the local government to release their comrade who was
being imprisoned. What crime did they commit?
20. They are referred to those people who promote that a State does not need
any authority to rule the people in the community.

Post-Test IV (Countries with Low Crime Rate)

INSTRUCTION: Use 1 WHOLE YELLOW PAD paper. Write the question before you answer.

In the topic countries with low crime rate, there are listed reasons why they maintain a low crime rate.

I. Explain the following. (5 points each –Passing score is 12/20)

1. In Japan, they are more into shame-based rather than guilt based. What do you think is the
advantage of a shame-based if someone committed a crime? Do you recommend the shame-
based in the Philippines, why?
2. In Japan, they put importance in higher education. What is the effect of having a higher
education in maintaining a low crime rate country?
3. In Egypt, the punishment for the last crime committed is Social ostracization. If someone
committed a crime, he will be excluded from the community. In today’s era, do you still
recommend social ostracization a punishment?
4. In Switzerland, they are using Iron Fist or Velvet Gloves, it means they are implementing severe
punishments. In your own opinion, if the Death penalty will be approve once again in our
country, how we should implement it in order to increase what we called deterrence or to stop
people from doing further crimes. Why?

Hello! Are you done answering SET B of assessment? If NO, keep answering! You can do it! Keep it
up! If YES, take a photo of it and send it to the assigned person in your section. Congratulations! You
did great! You’re finally done with the first module. See you on the next module.

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Rubric:

4 3 2 1

Neatness Output is neatly done. Output is neatly done Output has more Output is messy.
No erasures or with few erasures and than 5 erasures
alteration on words alterations of words and alterations of
words

Completion All questions are Most of the questions Some of the You did not turn
answered are answered questions are answer at all/
answered

Timeliness Output was received Output was 1 day late Output was 2 days Output was 3 or
on the due date late more days late

Quality of The output was written The output was written The output had a The output had no
Writing in an extraordinary in an interesting style little style or voice. style or voice. Gives
style and voice. Very and voice. Somewhat Gives some new no new information
informative and well informative and information but and very poorly
organized organized poorly organized organized

Grammar, No spelling, Few spelling, and A number of So many spelling,

Usage & punctuation or punctuation errors, spelling, punctuations and
Mechanics grammatical errors. minor grammatical punctuation and grammatical errors
errors. grammatical errors that it interferes with
the meaning

IMPORTANT NOTE:

The video discussion on this module will be posted in your respective Facebook group.

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