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Table 1
Interviewees' Perspectives on Hunger
Aspects of Gender Orientation
Interviewees'
Perspectives Men (M) Women (W) Girls (G) Boys (B) LGBTQ+ (L)

The intense desire Associated with

Definition of Scarcity of
for something Lack of Food weakness and Lack of Food
Hunger food
(food) uncomfortable
Do not
Description - 5 out of 7 Do not experience Do not
Hunger respondents experience Mild hunger hunger experience
Experience experience hunger hunger except one hunger
respondent
Larger scale
See it
brings in factors
Effect - Man is the Adapting to a neutrally or
It does not affect of government
Perception as provider of the crisis changes equal with
their perception response, job
M,W,G,B, or L Family Lifestyle the other
loss, income and
Genders
finance
Keeping self
busy through
Reserving Relying on
Farming, saving daily routines Farming, saving
Coping money and family and to
money, and/or and relying on money, and/or
Mechanism keeping oneself government
rationing. personal rationing.
busy aid
business and
government aid
Note: Entries should only be the main ideas (written in key phrases) summing up the
answers of the interviewees. Details of the answers shall be in the narratives where you can
have direct quotations of your interviewees' responses. The presentation shall follow the
given organization.

Definition of hunger.

Hunger can be defined in numerous ways by males, females, boys, girls, and members of
the LGBTQ+ community. It can be in the form of food, desire, power, achievement, and
others. The definition of hunger may vary from person to person concerning their sex,
gender orientation, and experiences. As hunger is defined differently, here are the different
meanings provided by men.

Cited by seven men respondents, hunger is;

- J. Carreon (20 years old), stated that hunger is the feeling or desire of any living organism
to satisfy oneself by eating. 

- M. Panay (21 years old), stated that hunger is the inability to eat due to the scarcity of
food. 

- E. Cruz (51 years old), stated that hunger is the absence of food to eat. It is the state
when the stomach is grumbling longing for food to satisfy its hunger.

- J. Ang (21 years old), hunger would be the intense desire for something, usually uses to
describe having a need. It usually pertains to food but can also pertain to other concepts.
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- A. James (21 years old), stated that hunger is when you don't have anything to eat, no
work to earn money on.

- R. Obiles (38 years old), stated that hunger during ECQ is being unproductive, helpless,
bored, unable to do anything to contribute to society.

- J. Busacay (23 years old), stated that hunger means you want something to eat that you
need food.

Here, the respondents were in the same situation of battling against the COVID-19
pandemic. Their answers came from their experiences during the enhanced community
quarantine where lockdown was implemented by the government which made it hard for
them to access the food they need for their day-to-day living. Regardless of their age, social
status and experiences, their definitions of hunger are similar to each other.

The seven respondents interviewed above were all males but of different ages. Most of their
response in question no. 1 was similar and pertains to the physical definition of hunger.
Concerning the gender concept and theories presented in the material, their perception of
hunger boils down to the lack of food to eat to satisfy their physical hunger to prevent
starvation. All of their answers are inclined in the physical definition of hunger that naturally,
humans seek food that is primarily focused on the stomach and basically for its survival.

Just like men, women have a similar interpretation of what hunger is based on their own
experiences. All of them defined hunger concerning its physical aspects which are the
absence of food to eat.

Cited by nine women respondents, hunger is;

- N. Aubrae (22 years old), stated that hunger has something to do with the lack of food.
- I. NIDOY (25 years old), stated that hunger is when you are unable to eat three times a
day and if the food has no nutrient subsistence.
- M.C. ESPIRITU (26 years old), stated that hunger is concerning food deficiency

 - Del Finado (20 years old), stated that hunger would be "something that an
individual seeks (craves) for, and could be related to satisfied through food, hobbies,
etc". In the sense of politics, hunger could be defined as the clamor for power,
authority, etc.

- R. Marie (45 years old), stated that hunger when someone who will look for food and finds
nothing.
-A. Dominguez (28 years old), stated that hunger is the desire for food when it is not
available.
-Marina Tianan (50 years old), stated that hunger is when you have nothing to eat for a
couple of days.
-Shy Acosta (23 years old), stated that hunger is the lack of food to eat each day
- Kristina Javier (23 years old), stated that hunger is the deprivation of enough food and
lack of nutrients the body needs.
The nine respondents interviewed above were all females but of different ages as well. Just
like men, most of their answers tend to be inclined more on the physical definitions of
hunger. However, unlike men, there is one of them who answered differently by relating
politics to hunger. She answered that “hunger could be defined as the clamor for power,
authority, etc.” Numerous factors contributed to this hunger situation of women such as
poverty, low social status, discrimination against girls, limited to no family planning services,
restricted access to education, poor primary health provision, and early pregnancy.
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Regarding the gender concept and theories presented in the material, women are more
prone to hunger than men and that the link between food, hunger, and eating is economic,
political, and engendered. The state has something to do with why hunger exists in a
particular area that in most cases, affects women’s overall well-being. Given the fact that
women are the world's primary food producers, they should not be subjected to hunger. Due
to the variety of social factors that have negative implications for women's nutritional status
and health, their situation has gone from bad to worse.
Girls, just as men and women have a similar interpretation of hunger. The girls that were
interviewed defined it in the form of physical hunger. Their answers are more inclined
concerning their cravings and desire to have food to it.
Cited by five girls’ respondents, hunger is;

. DOMINGO (18years old), stated that hunger is defined as nothing to eat or lack of
daily food supply.
. COLLADO (18 years old), stated that hunger is a terrible feeling of having an empty
stomach.
. YSON (19 years old), stated that hunger can be defined as wanting something to
satisfy your needs or something you desire(want whatever). It can be emotionally,
physically, and mentally. An example of this would be wanting to eat something, to
be loved, gain power, etc.
. YSON (19 years old), stated that hunger is a feeling of weakness due to lack of
food.
. Olivar (16 years old), stated that hunger is a feeling of being uncomfortable, or
weakness caused by a lacking food and mouth were looking for something to eat and
craving starts.

The five respondents interviewed above were all girls but of different ages. Even though
most of them, defined hunger in its physical and literal form, one of them answered that
hunger may be an example of love. With this, it can be gleaned that girls who belong in the
same age bracket tend to be more emotional and are longing for love and care. Unlike men
and women who are already matured enough to think of the responsibilities, the burden of
providing the food they want or need lies, not on their shoulders.
In relation to the gender concept and theories presented in the material, girls are more into
the physiology of hunger where it is the set of internal experiences that lead a human or
animal to seek food. During the teenage years, girls tend to have a sudden desire for food to
eat which they normally called “cravings”. With this, physiological experience has come to be
understood as the interplay among different parts of the body and the central nervous
system becomes responsible for the outflow of signals associated with hunger and feeding
activity, which includes food-seeking and food-gathering behavior.
The two boys’ respondents, then and again, have similar interpretations with men, women,
and girls. The two boys defined hunger as a lack of food to eat.
Cited by two boys’ respondents, hunger is;

. DACUSO (19 years old), stated that hunger caused by a lack of eating or not taking
food for some time.
. Pascua (16 years old), stated that hunger is a state due to food scarcity.

The two respondents interviewed above were both boys but of different ages as well. Boys
of this age category tend to explore life and be more playful. Just like women, young people
like boys of this age are also prone to the vulnerability of the body whenever it experiences
hunger as their body is not yet fully developed, unlike men. With this, boys are more likely to
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feel hunger than their girl counterparts because of their high metabolism that converts the
food they eat into energy a lot faster.
In relation to the gender concept and theories presented in the material, the insulin theory
explains why boys experience this kind of metabolism as the body feels more hungry when
the insulin level increases suddenly in their bodies. With this, it is undoubtedly that boys of
this age experience hunger more frequently or often than men, women, and girls.
The three LGBTQ+ respondents have almost the same interpretation of hunger just like
men, women, boys, and girls. However, this time, the harsh living condition that the LGBTQ+
can be gleaned from one of their answers.
Cited by three LGBTQ+ respondents, hunger is;

. GARCIA (20 years old), stated that hunger is when you are not eating at least 3
meals a day for the reason that you are lacking financially and you don't have
enough money to buy food.
. UY (23 years old), stated that hunger is present when one is unable to get food
when you need it due to restrictions in resources
. Ferrer(21 years old), stated that hunger is a powerful sign of poverty.

The three LGBTQ+ respondents interviewed above are also of different ages. The “third sex”
also known as LGBTQ+ community remains to be neglected and not widely accepted by the
people here in the Philippines. Even though it is a democratic country, they still experience
harmful and violent treatment from society. Since most Filipinos are Christians, they adhere
to the biblical teaching that God only created a man and a woman. Regardless of the gender
orientation of a person, experiencing hunger is not an exception.
In relation to the gender concept and theories presented in the material, members of the
LGBTQ+ community experience the same harsh living condition in society. Since their
community remains to be neglected, they only have little voice when it comes to the policy-
making processes of the government and in upholding their rights as a human being. Aside
from hunger, environmental security remains to be a large issue that is yet to be resolved.
How hunger was experienced.
MEN

 Yes

 During the strict community quarantine, of course, I experience hunger.

Coming from an indigent family worsened by the pandemic, the loss of job
opportunities would also mean empty plates every meal. As the quarantine
loosens, we also adjusted when it comes to budgeting and spending. The
feeling is not quite new, but it is still a challenge for us.
 Yes, I have experienced hunger, especially because of the stress I get from
online classes. This, in turn, results in me stress eating, thus feeling hungry
more often. I also get more hungry at night since I stay up late most days if
not, every day. Whenever I exert a lot of effort at work, I get hungrier because
of the loss of energy. The hunger I experience, I would say, is concerning and
hard to manage at times, making me lose focus and self-control.
 misan kung hindi nadedelay yung pension ng tatay ko nakakain ako ng
normal sa quaratine pero delay nashort kami sa pagkain ngayon quaratine na
ito.
 Yes, I experienced that hunger daily. Seeing our countrymen work tirelessly
while also lacking in logistics. I hated not being able to do anything without
exposing myself to getting infected and further burdening society.
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 Narrative:

Some men who experienced hunger during the pandemic their hunger is a result of the need
to work to provide for their families. They experience hunger not because they don’t have
energy as a result of the doubled effort exerted on their work. Some just clearly don’t have
anything to eat. And some hunger for change in society. These experiences are a
manifestation that hunger is not only physical but also mental. And most of the time men are
more resistant to hunger because of their physical and mental strength.
WOMAN

 Yes
 Yes, sometimes. My hunger is not just have something to do with food, it is more
related to hunger for shopping, a good internet connection, and traveling through
walking around Baguio.

 Narrative:

The woman that was interviewed has experienced hunger not just for food but also for the
things she longs for. These experiences are a manifestation that hunger is not only physical
but also mental. Women’s hunger is not just for food but also for the usual things she does.
GIRL

 Yes
 Yes, I had experienced only when I am craving for something and that I have no
choice but to eat what we have in the fridge or in the kitchen that cannot give
satisfaction.
 Yes, the reason why I lose and gain weight now and then
 Yes, I always get hungry after 2-3 hours after meals and I describe it by the
symptoms of rumbling of the stomach.

 Narrative:

The girls that were interviewed just clearly don’t have anything to eat. And it causes them to
lose or gain weight. These experiences are a manifestation that hunger is not only physical
but also mental. It’s an example of the vulnerability of girls to hunger.
BOY

 Yes
 I feel hunger every morning and afternoon. I'm hungry whenever I'm tired and I think
it's normal.

Narrative: 
He just feels hungry for the time being. These experiences are a manifestation that hunger is
not only physical but also mental.

How hunger affected the interviewees' perception of their gender orientation. 

The experience of hunger can change men, women, boys, girls, and members of the
LGBTQ+ community's perspective of themselves and others. It can be in the form of food,
desire, power, achievement, and others. Here are the sentiments provided by men.
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Cited by seven men respondents, their perspective of with/out experiencing hunger are:

- J. Carreon (20 years old), stated it does not impact his perception of gender. It is just we
need to "survive" the day even without or with limited food.

- M. Panay (21 years old), stated that his perception of being a boy is not affected
whenever I experience hunger.

- E. Cruz (51 years old), it affected my morale and I am disappointed with myself for not
doing anything to keep me out of hunger.

- J. Ang (21 years old), I do not think much about my perceptions on these topics, but now
that you've mentioned it, I guess it makes me realize more that deep down, we're all human.
We all have the same needs, but only different perceptions. This makes me want to preach
more on our equality and rights we desperately are fighting for. In my opinion, no one should
suffer from hunger or the scarcity of human needs, regardless of gender, sex, sexual
orientation, etc.

- A. James (21 years old), I think it affects my perception of being a man because a man
should provide to the family regardless if you are the son or the father.

- R. Obiles (38 years old), Nope. No connection.

- J. Busacay (23 years old), it is not that difficult because I was mostly in charge of getting
food from the store, I was a man am not scared of going to the store and buy food.

Some did not see a connection or have no comment on the matter but for those that did saw
a connection says that as a man and the provider of the family it is their responsibility to get
food in the table.

Just like men, women have their perception of their experience in this pandemic era.

Cited by nine women respondents, their perspective of with/out experiencing hunger are;

- N. Aubrae (22 years old), stated that her perception remains constant that nothing
changed.
- I. NIDOY (25 years old), stated that this epidemic opened my eyes to how the people
reacted to these. As a woman, my perspective opened like how to budget your money for
food and other necessities, your patience going to the market, finding ways to earn money
like work at home jobs are options that we can consider.
- M.C. ESPIRITU (26 years old), stated I would say it made me more tired as a girl. It made
me unproductive and mentally unstable
- P. Del Finado (20 years old), stated as a woman, it affected, of course, my daily life. It
brought a major adjustment to my day-to-day works. Moreover, I realize that hunger is
interconnected with demographics. Different individuals have different perceptions of the
concept of hunger. Moreover, hunger is also based on the needs of the individual, and as
hunger increases, the price of needs increases.
- R. Marie (45 years old), stated I cannot answer since I have not experienced it.
- A. Dominguez (28 years old), stated it did not affect anything.
- Marina Tianan (50 years old), stated not really, I just feel hungry. It does not change my
perception as I was just hungry not questioning my gender.
- Shy Acosta (23 years old), stated it does not bother me because I have the means to
provide and my mother to provide for food.
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- Kristina Javier (23 years old), stated it did not affect anything because I have enough
food.
Two out of nine saw a connection saying that with the experience of hunger or the changing
effect of the pandemic in their almost carefree life had changed their lifestyle.

Girls, just as men and women have a similar interpretation of hunger. The girls that were
interviewed defined it in the form of physical hunger. Their answers are more inclined with
regard to their cravings and desire to have food to it.
Cited by five girls’ respondents, their perspective of with/out experiencing hunger are:

. DOMINGO (18years old), stated may it be men, women, or even members of

LGBTQ +, nothing can change in my belief because everyone around the world is
affected by the pandemic.
. COLLADO (18 years old), stated I did not experience hunger since I know how to
cook, it just hit me a realization that there is no gender role in life. Especially in house
chores. Since our topic is all about hunger, I would say that there are no gender roles
in cooking and it is a basic skill that everyone should have and should learn.
. YSON (19 years old), stated whether I am experiencing hunger or not. My views or
perception with gender is the same, equal.
. YSON (19 years old), stated if I experience hunger my mood suddenly changes and
sometimes can affect my decision-making.
. Olivar (16 years old), stated nothing affects me so far.

None of the girl’s perception change or saw any connection.

The two boys’ respondents, then and again, have similar interpretations with men, women,
and girls. The two boys defined hunger as a lack of food to eat.
Cited by two boys’ respondents, their perspective of with/out experiencing hunger are;

. DACUSO (19 years old), stated for me it won't affect my perception of my gender.
. Pascua (16 years old), stated since we didn’t experience hunger, I might just say my
opinion about it. Hunger sometimes do alter our gender roles. For example, some
women are forced to do manly things in desperate of finding a way to survive.

None of the boys saw a connection suggesting that they see this equally in the eyes of the
other gender or neutrally.

The three LGBTQ+ respondents have almost the same interpretation of hunger just like
men, women, boys, and girls. However, this time, the harsh living condition that the LGBTQ+
can be gleaned from one of their answers.
Cited by three LGBTQ+ respondents, their perspective of with/out experiencing hunger are:
- A. GARCIA (20 years old), stated as someone who has never experienced hunger, I'm
lucky, but on the other hand, there's a lot of LGBTQ+ members who are experiencing hunger
at this moment. Some, if not all members of the LGBTQ+ are breadwinners of their families,
considering the effect of this pandemic where many lost their job, they are now financially
unstable and probably suffering from hunger. It only shows that hunger is an issue that
concerns everyone, not only to men or women but also among LGBTQ+ members, hunger is
an issue that concerns every gender.
- B. UY (23 years old), stated there was no connection.
- V. Ferrer (21 years old), stated as part of the LGBTQ community, it affects my perception
that we are blessed in times of crisis like this. We never get the chance of begging for alms
to government officials. But for those who are in a situation of hunger, I pity them. It made
me realize that some people do desperate things just to satisfy their needs.
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The respondents see this situation of hunger in a larger scale bring in factors of government
response, job loss, income, and finance in the picture one saying they are lucky to be able to
provide food on the table and the other showing pity for others regardless of gender not
being able to do what they can do.

Coping Mechanism. 

The respondents we have interviewed each had their own accord of experience with hunger,
some did experience this and some did not. Other respondents acted differently and coped
with it on their own accord and circumstances as they have on the predicament that the state
is having, each of their answers is not significantly based on their gender but is predicated
on what is naturally a human reaction to hunger.

. Boy gendered respondents coped up with hunger differently from what we have
gathered, one respondent had experienced hunger but only had the idea of mild
hunger and the other did not experience this. Through the idea that they are both
being provided by their family, the idea of the gendered group of young individuals
had no problem of the matter as it did not escalate to real starvation only to a mild
hunger daily. Some interviewees did not cop up with hunger as it did not happen to
them. Some interviewees like the boys that are provided by their families did not
need to help nor provide as they see it as unessential or out of their abilities, others
had saved resources and belong to a wealthy enough family to provide for
themselves.

This behavior is established in the material by the idea of “Hunger being intimately linked to
food scarcity and malnourishment.” As the interviewed boys are provided by the families and
do not manifest any malnutrition and hunger but would have if not for the providers.

. The girls and some men and women interviewed had the same initiative to invoke a
set of minds to be resourceful and conservative of both food and money. They
usually do hobbies and activities to forget and try to lessen the intake of food to divert
their usual overeating habits, as they saw this as the only way to help and cope up
with the hunger they are facing.

This idea is set in the notion of Bordo’s idea by “hunger is represented as an insistent,
powerful force with a life of its own”, Showing how it instigated the whole economy to a stop
and forced to get a procedure to preserve and protect the self

. Men, Women, and some other LGBTQ interviewees shared the common perception
of preservation and the responsibility to feed the family first, proceeding to acquire
this goal, they use all the possible ways to help and contribute to their families,
actions may take from finding a way to inquire money through either finding ways to
provide currency, stocking of food and privileges and by minimizing intake to provide
a much longer source of food to the family. This idea congregates to the given
behavior in the material as the “Basis of Women’s sense of self, in which the Women
priorities their abilities to feed their families at emergencies”. This is shown to be that
the known idea is not only seen in women but in most responsible adolescents, as it
gives them the initiative as a role model and the sole proprietor to the family in terms
of surviving.
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Perspectives of interviewees who did not experience hunger.

MEN

 No

 No, I did not experience hunger during the COVID-19 ECQ-GCQ. It is

because my parents have a monthly budget that can support our family
especially for food for our daily meal.
 No, I did not experience hunger because before the lockdown, I already
purchased supplies to last the COVID-19 period.

 Narrative:

 The men who did not experience hunger are the ones who have provided for
themselves that packed before the lockdown was implemented and
purchased all of their needs and has parents they can depend on. Those who
were more prepared are the ones who never experienced hunger.

WOMEN

 No

 I'm thankful that we did not experience hunger during the quarantine because
both of my parents are still working during ECQ so we were able to eat three
times a day
 In my case no because I can provide my family with food since I have
permanent work but my experience is for other people which I see on
television or see in my own eyes people begging for food. I pity them for
having nothing to eat.

 Narrative:

Those who have regular work and living with relatives who have regular work and able to
provide for them never experienced hunger These experiences are a manifestation that
hunger is not only physical but also mental.

GIRL

 No

 Hindi naman kasi sapat ang kinakain namin at hindi naman kami malakas
kumain. Kung may matirang food, ilalagay namin sa ref at uulamin pa bukas.
 No, I did not experience hunger amidst of pandemic because my parents did
not fail to send me money to sustain my needs, especially foods.

 Narrative:
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Those who have regular work and living with relatives who have regular work and able to
provide for them never experienced hunger These experiences are a manifestation that
hunger is not only physical but also mental.
 
BOY

 No

 We didn't starve during the quarantine period but it is hard to see people
struggling to find a way to feed their families in a sense that their desperate
acts lead them to something uncalled for. This raises awareness to everyone
that we must help each other during these trying times. I am very lucky to
have my parents, if it weren't for them, I may be starving too.

 Narrative:

The boy who did not experience hunger is the ones who have provided for themselves that
packed before the lockdown was implemented and purchased all of their needs and has
parents they can depend on. Those who were more prepared are the ones who never
experienced hunger. He also shared the pain of seeing others struggling.
LGBT

 No
 Nope, I didn't experience hunger. As part of the LGBTQ community, it affects my
perception that we are blessed in times of crisis like this. We never get the chance of
begging for alms to government officials. But for those who are in a situation of
hunger, I pity them. It made me realize that some people do desperate things just to
satisfy their needs.
 Purposely, yes. Because starving myself or not eating much is one of my diet. But to
say, I suffer from hunger because we're financially unstable, my is answer is no.

 Narrative:

Some LGBT who did not experience hunger during the pandemic their hunger is for change
in the government. These experiences is a manifestation that hunger is not only physical but
also mental.
 

Conclusions. 

We conclude that hunger is gendered because most of the respondents in different sexual
orientation and gender identity responds differently although various similarities are also
evident. Men defined hunger as an intense desire for something especially food where they
tend to look for something to eat when they are hungry. Furthermore, women suggested that
hunger is defined as lack of food that occurs when there are no resources left to eat while
most of the LGBTQ community also contended the same as the women knowing that the
difference between the two variables is their gender identity. On the one hand, boys define
hunger as a state where scarcity of food is evident. Scarcity in the sense of unavailability of
food resource while the girls associated hunger to weakness, uncomfortness, and having a
terrible feeling when there is a lack of resources.
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Hunger being the sole issue during this pandemic connotes that if one person is
economically challenged, he has a higher chance of experiencing hunger. With the data
provided, most of the respondents do not experience hunger. Only 22.22% of the
respondents experience because they belong to the marginalized sector. On the other hand,
despite not experiencing hunger it does affect the perception of the respondents. Men
dominantly say that it affects their perception through establishing the realization that men
being the sole provider of food of the family, they must be more industrious and resourceful
itoprovide the needs of the family. On the other hand, women’s perspective is affected by
hunger through transforming or changing their lifestyle. Before the pandemic, if women tend
to buy a lot of unnecessary things then they must become wiser in spending money. Also, if
they divert their attention to something else like having an online business then it would be
helpful for them to generate income. Furthermore, hunger affects the boys’ perspective as
equal to all gender identity. They see that the situation of experiencing it or seeing it is on a
neutral stage as they think that it affects our lives in the same manner. Then, the LGBTQ
community’s perspective shows that hunger brings it to a larger scale where governmental
efforts in giving solutions are whether enough or inadequate such as job offers, wages, and
income, etc. Lastly, the girls' perspective is not affected by hunger.

In terms of coping mechanism, men and most of the LGBTQ community members tend to
produce food through farming, they also save money that will be used as a future emergency
fund, and having concrete plans like rationing or the proper allocation of scarce resources.
Furthermore, women and the girls tend to share similarities with their coping mechanism
where they mostly tend to divert their attention to more important things and having hobbies
like online selling and they also tend to save money just like what men also proposes. Lastly,
the boys, the coping mechanism they propose is that they tend to rely on with their family
members as they are more inclined to earning and securing the welfare of the family.
Indeed, hunger is gendered but at the same time, mechanisms and definitions rooting for the
real cause share a lot of similarities. It just varies with their experience. Not all people have
the same economic status. This study explains that the more you are fortunate the lesser the
chance of experiencing hunger.