CONTENTS

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 Title I
2 Certificate II
3 Declaration III
4 Acknowledgement IV
5 Abstract V
6 Index VI
7 List of tables IX
8 List of figures XI
9 List of acronyms & symbols XIII

CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1
1.2 Geopolymer concrete 3
1.2.1 Geopolymerisation mechanism 5
1.3 Fly ash based geopolymer concrete 6
1.4 Research significance 7
1.5 Advantages of geopolymer concrete         10
1.6 Disadvantage of geopolymer concrete 11
1.7 Applications of geopolymer concrete 11
1.8 Aim and objectives of experimental work 13

CHAPTER- 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General 15

Chapter- 3 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL WORK

3.1 Methodology 27
3.2 Test program 29
3.3 Mix design for g40 29
3.4 Tests on material 30
3.5 Mixing 30
3.6 Casting 31
3.7 Curing 31
3.8 Testing 31
3.9 Validation 31

CHAPTER- 4 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

4.1 General 33
4.2 Materials 33
4.2.1 Fine aggregate 33
4.2.2 Coarse aggregate 35
4.2.3 GGBS 36
4.2.4 Fly ash 37
4.3 Polypropylene fibers 39
4.3.1 Advantages of polypropylene fiber 40
4.3.2 Disadvantages of polypropylene fiber 40
4.4 Basalt fibers 41
4.4.1 Advantages of basalt fibers 42
4.5 Alkali activators 44
4.5.1 Sodium silicate 44
4.5.2 Sodium hydroxide 44
4.6 Super plasticizer 45
4.7 Tests on fine aggregate 46
4.7.1 Specific gravity of fine aggregate 46
4.7.2 Fineness modulus of fine aggregate 47
4.7.3 Bulking of sand 48
4.8 Tests on coarse aggregate 49
4.8.1 Specific gravity of coarse aggregate 49
4.8.2 Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate 50
4.9 Procedure followed 51
4.9.1 Mixing 51
4.9.2 Casting 53
4.9.3 Curing 55
4.10 Testing 55
4.10.1 Workability : (slump cone test) 55
4.10.2 Compression test 56
4.10.3 Flexural test 57
4.10.4 Split tensile strength 58
4.11 Durability studies 59
4.11.1 Sulphate resistance: (MgSO4) 60
4.11.2 Acid resistance (H2SO4) 60
4.11.3 Chloride attack (HCL) 60
4.11.4 Water absorption test 61
4.11.5 Abrasion resistance 61

Chapter- 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Mix design stipulation 62

5.2 Workability 64
5.2.1 Slump cone test 64
5.3 Compressive strength of fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete 66
5.4 Split tensile strength 67
5.5 Flexural strength 68
5.6 Abrasion resistance (water method) 71
5.7 Sulphate resistance test (mgso4) 74
5.8 Acid resistance test (h2so4) 75
5.9 Chloride resistance test 77
5.10 Water absorption test 78

CHAPTER- 6 REGRESSION ANALYSIS

6.1 Regression analysis using mini tab*16 software 80

6.1.1 Regression analysis 80
6.1.2 The regression line 81
6.1.3 Regression coefficients 81
6.1.4 Standard error of the coefficient (se coefficient)  82
6.1.5 Residual plots 84
6.1.6 There are multiple benefits of using regression analysis 85
6.1.7 Why do we use regression analysis? 85
6.2 Linear regression 86
6.3 Uses of correlation and regression 86
6.4 General regression analysis: compressive strength versus flexural 88
strength
6.4.1 Regression equation 88
6.4.2 Coefficients 88
6.4.3 Summary of model 89
6.4.4 Analysis of variance 89
6.5 General regression analysis: compressive strength versus split 91
tensile strength
6.5.1 Regression equation 91
6.5.2 Coefficients 92
6.5.3 Summary of model 92
6.5.4 Analysis of variance 92
6.6 Correlation 94
6.6.1 Correlation analysis 94
6.6.2 Correlation between compressive strength and 96
Flexural strength
6.6.3 Correlation scatter plot between compressive 98
Strength and split tensile strength
Regression model using m.s.excel 99
6.7
6.7.1 Steps to perform regression in m.s.excel 99
 6.7.2 Relation between compressive strength & 100
Flexural strength
6.7.3 Regression results 100
6.7.4 Anova 101
6.7.5 Final Regression equation 101

6.8 Relationship between compressive strength & 103

Split tensile strength
6.8.1 Regression results 103
6.8.2 Anova 104
6.8.3 Final regression equation 104
6.9 Linear regression using mat lab 106
6.9.1 Linear regression analysis between compressive 106
Strength & split tensile strength
6.9.2 Code adopted 106
6.9.3 Results 107
6.9.4 Linear regression analysis between compressive 108
Strength & flexure strength
6.9.5 Results 109
6.9.6 Regression results (All Methods) 111
6.10 Non linear regression using python 112
6.10.1 Non linear regression for compressive vs split tensile strength 112
6.10.2 Non linear regression for compressive strength 114
Vs flexural strength

CHAPTER- 7 CONCLUSIONS 116

REFERENCES 119

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK 121

SHOW & TELL 122

PUBLICATIONS 123
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Description Page No.

1.1 Preparation of geopolymer concrete 5

 1.2 Development of GPC 6

1.3 Phase of Research 9

3.1 Flow chart for experimental program 28

3.2 Flow chart for regression analysis 32

4.1 Fine aggregate 34

4.2 Coarse aggregate 35

4.3 GGBS 36

4.4 Fly ash 37

4.5 Polypropylene fibers 41

4.6 Basalt fibers 43

4.7 (a) Sodium silicate 44

4.7 (b) Sodium hydroxide pellets 44

4.8 SP CONPLAST 430 46

4.9 Pycnometer 47

4.10 Bulking of sand 49

4.11 GPC mix after addition of alkaline liquids 52

4.12 Casting of specimens 54

4.13 Curing of specimens 55

4.14 Slump cone Test 56

4.15 Compression test 57

4.16 Flexure strength test 58

4.17 Split tensile Strength 59

5.1 Slump flow variation 65

5.2 Compressive strength variation 67

 5.3 Split tensile strength variation 68

5.4 Flexural strength variation 69

5.5 Failure patterns of specimens 70

5.6 (a) GPC after wearing 72

5.6 (b) FRGPC after wearing 72

5.7 (a) Specimens in MgSO4 74

5.7 (b) Specimens in HCL 74

5.8 Weight loss variation MgSO4 75

5.9 Specimens in H2SO4 75

5.10 Weight loss Variation in H2SO4 76

5.11 Weight loss Variation in HCL 77

5.12 Cubes in distilled water 78

6.1 Compressive vs flexural graph in mini tab 88

6.2 Compressive vs split tensile graph in mini tab 91

6.3 Correlation plot Compressive Vs flexural Strength in Mini Tab 97

6.4 Correlation plot Compressive Vs Split Tensile Strength in Mini Tab 98

6.5 Compressive vs flexural graph in Excel 100

6.6 Compressive vs split tensile graph in Excel 103

6.7 Compressive vs split tensile graph in Mat Lab 106

6.8 Compressive Vs Split Flexural Strength in Mat Lab 108

6.9 Split Tensile Vs Compressive Strength in Python 112

6.10 Compressive Vs Flexural Strength in Python 114

LIST OF TABLES

Table No Description Page

 No.
4.1 Physical properties of fine aggregates 34
4.2 Properties of coarse aggregates 35
4.3 Chemical composition of GGBS 36
4.4 Physical properties of GGBS 37
4.5 Chemical properties of fly ash 38
4.6 Physical properties of fly ash 38
4.7 Properties of polypropylene fibers 40
4.8 Properties of basalt fibers 43
4.9 Properties of Sodium silicate 45
4.10 Properties of Sodium Hydroxide 45
4.11 Fineness modulus of fine aggregate 48
4.12 Bulking of sand 49
4.13 Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate 51
5.1 Mix design stipulations for G-40 63
5.2 Fiber dosage 63
5.3 Mix proportions for all mixes 64
5.4 Slump test results 65
5.5 Compression test results 66
5.6 Split tensile strength results 68
5.7 Flexural strength results 69
5.8 Mix design proportions for abrasion resistance 72
5.9 Abrasion resistance test result for conventional GPC 73
5.10 Abrasion resistance test result for Fiber reinforced GPC 73
5.11 Weight loss in MgSO4 74
5.12 Weight loss in H2SO4 76
5.13 Weight loss in HCL 77
5.14 Water Absorption results 79
5.15 Water Absorption recommendations 79
Actual and predicted values for compression and flexure using
6.1 90
mini tab
Actual and predicted values for compression and split tensile
6.2 93
using mini tab
Actual and predicted values for compression and flexure using
6.3 101
excel
Actual and predicted values for compression and split tensile
6.4 104
using Excel
6.5 Actual R2 111
6.6 Adjusted R2 111
6.7 RMSE 111

LIST OF ACRONYMS & SYMBOLS

AAS : Alkaline Activator Solution

ASTM : American Society for Testing & Materials

Cao : Lime
CO2 : Carbon Dioxide

Fe2O3 : Iron Oxide

GPC : Geopolymer Concrete

FRGPC : Fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete

G40 : Geopolymer Concrete of Grade 40
H2SO4 : Hydro Sulphuric Acid
IS : Indian Standard

PPF : Polypropylene fibers

BF : Basalt Fibers

M : Molarity

Na2O : Sodium Oxide

NaOH : Sodium Hydroxide

Na2SiO3 : Sodium Silicate

SiO2 : Silicon Dioxide

SP : Super plasticizer
ANOVA : Analysis of Variance