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Assessment of Capacity of Existing Building

Through Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis A
Comparison between Micro and Macro...

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 Assessment of Capacity of Existing Building Through Nonlinear
Static Pusover Analysis A Comparison between Micro and Macro
Modeling
by

Narender Bodige, Raghavender Baroda, Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla

in

Advances inEarth Sciences, Structural, Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering

(AESG2E-2012)

Report No: IIIT/TR/2012/-1

Centre for Earthquake Engineering

International Institute of Information Technology
Hyderabad - 500 032, INDIA
October 2012
Assessment of Capacity of Existing Building
Through Nonlinear Static Pusover Analysis
A Comparison between Micro and Macro Modeling

B Narender, IIIT Hyderabad

B Raghavender, JNTU Anantapur
and
R Pradeep Kumar

Earthquake Engineering Research Centre

International Institute of Information Technology
Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032, India
 OVERVIEW

Introduction

Case studies

Applied Element Method

Nonlinear Pushover Analysis

Collapse simulation

Observations

Conclusions

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 2

Reason for collapse of structures

-Earthquake loads
-Wind loads
-Explosions
-Other natural and Manmade disasters

-To understand the process of collapse, we need efficient

numerical model

Slide 3
Collapse during earthquakes

Slide 4
 More than 60 % area
IS 1893:2002 is earthquake prone.

Zone V 12 %

Zone IV 18 %

Zone III 26 %

Zone II 44 %

Slide 5
List of Significant Earthquakes in India
and its Neighborhood
EPICENTRE
DATE LOCATION MAGNITUDE
Lat( Deg N ) Long( Deg E )
1819 JUN 16 23.60 68.60 KUTCH,GUJARAT 8.0
1869 JAN 10 25.00 93.00 NEAR CACHAR, ASSAM 7.5
1885 MAY 30 34.10 74.60 SOPOR, J&K 7.0
1897 JUN 12 26.00 91.00 SHILLONGPLATEAU 8.7
1905 APR 04 32.30 76.30 KANGRA, H.P 8.0
1918 JUL 08 24.50 91.00 SRIMANGAL, ASSAM 7.6
1930 JUL 02 25.80 90.20 DHUBRI, ASSAM 7.1
1934JAN 15 26.60 86.80 BIHAR-NEPALBORDER 8.3
1941 JUN 26 12.40 92.50 ANDAMAN ISLANDS 8.1
1943 OCT 23 26.80 94.00 ASSAM 7.2
1950 AUG 15 28.50 96.70 ARUNACHAL PRADESH-CHINA BORDER 8.5
1956 JUL 21 23.30 70.00 ANJAR, GUJARAT 7.0
1967 DEC 10 17.37 73.75 KOYNA, MAHARASHTRA 6.5
1975 JAN 19 32.38 78.49 KINNAUR, HP 6.2
1988 AUG 06 25.13 95.15 MANIPUR-MYANMAR BORDER 6.6
1988 AUG 21 26.72 86.63 BIHAR-NEPAL BORDER 6.4
1991 OCT 20 30.75 78.86 UTTARKASHI, UP HILLS 6.6
1993 SEP 30 18.07 76.62 LATUR-OSMANABAD, MAHARASHTRA 6.3
1997 MAY 22 23.08 80.06 JABALPUR,MP 6.0
1999 MAR 29 30.41 79.42 CHAMOLI DIST, UP 6.8
2001 JAN 26 23.40 70.32 BHUJ, GUJARAT 6.9

Slide 6
PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS

Common site destruction in meizoseismal area

Slide 7
Damage in Anjar
situated on hill

Slide 8
 Essentials of
Earthquake Resistant Design

Configuration

Strength

Stiffness

Ductility

Slide 9
Extensive damage occurred in
non-engineered structures

Many casualties occurred in

stone masonry buildings

Slide 10
 Large blocks piled
up using weak bond

Out of plane failure of

brick masonry walls

Slide 11
Soft bottom storey

Slide 12
 Pan cake collapse

Surprise for common man:

Adjoining buildings with
radically different
performances

Slide 13
Poor reinforcement
detailing

Slide 14
Weak joint

Slide 15
Numerical technique

Slide 16
 Numerical Techniques

Continuum Modeling Discrete Modeling

FEM RBSM
BEM Disk Element Method
DDA
EDEM
AEM

Slide 17
 APPLIED ELEMENT METHOD
(AEM)
Element Formulation

Material is composed of discrete elements.

Elements are connected to each other by means of
springs.
Normal and Shear Springs

d d/2
a
a
b

b
d

Area represented
Reinforcement bar by a pair of normal
Structure boundary and shear springs

Slide 18
 Spring distribution and area of
influence of each pair of
springs

E *d *t
Kn =
a
G *d *t
Ks =
a
Element shape, contact point
and degrees of freedom
Slide 19
 Sin 2 (θ + α )K n − K n Sin(θ + α )Cos(θ + α ) Cos(θ + α )K s LSin(α ) 
 
 + Cos 2 (θ + α )K s + K sSin(θ + α)Cos(θ + α ) − Sin(θ + α )K n LCos(α )
 
 − K n Sin(θ + α )Cos(θ + α ) Sin 2 (θ + α)K s Cos(θ + α )K n LCos(α )
 + K sSin(θ + α)Cos(θ + α) + Sin(θ + α)K s LSin(α ) 
 + Cos 2 (θ + α )K n 
 Cos(θ + α )K s LSin(α) 2 2 
Cos(θ + α )K n LCos(α ) L Cos (α )K n
 
+ Sin(θ + α)K s LSin(α ) 2 2
 − Sin(θ + α )K n LCos(α ) + L Sin (α )K s 

Slide 20

Each spring represents area of d*t of cross section and
length "a" i.e. the distance between centrelines.

Three degrees of freedom, rigid body motion.

Global stiffness matrix by adding all the matrices.

[K ]{∆} = {F }

Load control & Displacement control.

Reinforcement is also modeled.

Slide 21
 Number of springs

Each spring represents distance (D/2n).

Horizontal and vertical degrees of freedom have no
effect.

Effect of number of connecting springs on rotational stiffness

Slide 22
Analysis domain of AEM comparable to FEM

Slide 23
Tension, compression and shear models for concrete

Slide 24
Stress strain relation for steel

Slide 25
 Failure Criteria

x (a − x)
σ2 = σB + σc
a a

σ1 + σ 2 σ1 −σ 2
σp =( )+ ( ) +τ 2
2 2

2τ
tan( 2 β ) = ( )
σ1 + σ 2

Slide 26
 70
70 50 increments
increments
60 (10 springs)
(10 springs)
60 Experiment 250 increments
(10 springs)
50
50 (5 springs)
500 increments
500 increments

(tf)
40
40 (10 springs)
(10springs)
30
30

Load, PkN)
20 250 increments
20 (2 springs)
10
10

Load (x 9.81
00
00 0.002
0.002 0.004
0.004 0.006
0.006 0.008
0.008 0.01
0.01
Rotation,
Rotation θ (rad)
(radians)

Relation between load and wall rotation for 2-storied RC wall

Slide 27
 Deformed shape and crack locations of 2-storied RC wall structure
(in case of 500 increments with 10 springs between each two adjacent faces,
Illustration scale factor=30)

460 kN 540 kN 620 kN

660 kN 700 kN Experiment

Deformed shape and cracked patterns Slide 28

 (a)Concrete (b) Steel

Material models for steel and concrete

Slide 29
Dimensions and reinforcement of a double cantilever subjected to cyclic loading

Slide 30
 80
60 (4) (6)
40 (2)
20
0
-20 (1)

Load (tf)
-40 (3)
-60 (5) (7)
-80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
No. of increments

Load cycles applied to a double cantilever

80

Experiment
60

40

New model 20

Load (tf)
0
-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
-20

-40

-60
Displacement (m)

Load-displacement relation of a double cantilever

Slide 31
Deformed shape and crack
patterns of a double cantilever

Slide 32
Finite Element Method (FEM)in SAP-2000
Modeling of a structure

Description of finite element modal at joint

Slide 33
 Material model

Kent and park concrete model IS 456 stress strain curve for steel

Slide 34
Moment-Curvature

Stress blocks at different extreme compression fiber strain

Assumed M-θ hinge property

Slide 35
Structural details of Four storey RC building

Table.1 Schedule of member sizes

Column Beam
C1 360 X 300 B1 300 X 240

C2 360 X 300 B2 300 X 240

C3 360 X 300 B3 300 X 240

Plan of building (All
C4 360 X 300 B4 300 X 240 dimension are in meters)
Slab thickness: 120

Table.2 material property

Material property of members

Use M20, M25 and M30 grade of

concrete
Fe 250 and Fe 415 for steel Elevation of frame along
X-direction
Slide 36
 Loads
Table.3 Load combinations for earthquake loading
Gravity Loads
1. live load : 2 Kn/m2 S.No Load Combination DL LL EQ
2. Floor finishing load: 1 Kn/m2 1 1.5DL+1.5LL 1.5 1.5 -
3. Brick load : 12.04 Kn/m 2 1.2(DL+LL*+EQX) 1.2 0.25/0.5* +1.2
Seismic load 3 1.2(DL+LL* - EQX) 1.2 0.25/0.5* -1.2
1.Zone-II 4 1.2(DL+LL* + EQY) 1.2 0.25/0.5* +1.2
2.Hard soil 5 1.2(DL+LL* - EQY) 1.2 0.25/0.5* -1.2
3.Base shear: 26.73 KN 6 1.5(DL+ EQX) 1.5 - +1.5
4.Story forces 7 1.5(DL- EQX) 1.5 - -1.5
a.11.25KN at top 8 1.5(DL+ EQY) 1.5 - 1.5
b.9.96 KN at Third floor 9 1.5(DL- EQY) 1.5 - -1.5
c. 4.43 KN at second floor 10 0.9DL+1.5EQX 0.9 - +1.5
d. 1.11 KN at first floor 11 0.9DL-1.5EQX 0.9 - -1.5
12 0.9DL+1.5EQY 0.9 - +1.5
13 0.9DL-1.5EQY 0.9 - -1.5

Slide 37
Load combination of frame along x-direction
EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 38
Design details
3-12mm 3-16mm

8-20 mm
8mm@300
8mm@30 8mm@30 mm c/c
0mm c/c 0mm c/c

2-8 mm 2-8 mm

IS: 456 design details

3-12mm 4-14mm

8-20 mm
8mm@75
6mm@10 6mm@10 c/c
0 c/c 0 c/c

2-10 mm 2-10 mm

IS: 13920 ductile design details

Slide 39
Only Concrete for Beam & Column
Structure :
S-M15, B&C-M20
S-M15, B-M20 & C-M25

Steel-Case-1-Column

Non Ductile Ductile

S-M15, B&C-M20 S-M15, B&C-M20
S-M15, B-M20 , C-25 S-M15, B-M20, C-25
Moment-
Curvature

Steel-Case-2-Column

Non Ductile Ductile

S-M15, B&C-M20 S-M15, B&C-M20
S-M15, B-M20 , C-25 S-M15, B-M20, C-25

Slide 40
Moment Curvature
Moment curvature for M-20 Non-ductile Case-1 Beam

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 41

Moment curvature for M-20 ductile Case-1 Beam

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 42

Moment Curvature
Moment curvature for M-20 Non-ductile Case-1 columns

Slide 43
Moment curvature for M-20 Non-ductile Case-2 columns

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 44

Moment curvature for M-25 Non-ductile Case-1 columns

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 45

Comparing Pushover curve from AEM and FEM

case-1: Reinforcement details changed in Column- Non

ductile detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building Non-ductile, S-M15, B&C-M20

Slide 46
 case-1: Reinforcement details changed in Column- Non
ductile detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building Non-ductile, S-M15, B20 and C-M25
Slide 47
 Case-1: Reinforcement details changed in Column- ductile
detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building ductile detailing, S-M15, B & C20
Slide 48
 Case-1: Reinforcement details changed in Column- ductile
detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building Non-ductile, S-M15, B20 and C-M25
Slide 49
Case-2: Reinforcement details changed in Column- Non
ductile detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building Non-ductile, S-M15, B & C20

Slide 50
Case-2: Reinforcement details changed in Column-ductile
detailing

Pushover curve for 2D RC frame building ductile detailing, S-M15, B & C20
Slide 51
Pushover curve for four storey concrete structure

Slide 52
Pushover curve for four storey RC Frame for Non-ductile detailing

Slide 53
Pushover curve for four storey RC Frame for Ductile detailing

Slide 54
Pushover curves for Effect of grade of concrete for Non ductile detailing

Slide 55
Pushover curves for Effect of grade of concrete for ductile detailing

Slide 56
Pushover curves for Change in diameter of bars in column members
non ductile detailing

Slide 57
Pushover Curves change in diameter of bars in column members for
ductile detailing

Slide 58
View publication stats
Thank you

EERC @ IIIT, Hyderabad Slide 59