� Load combination for deciding footing area shall be service loads not

ultimate loads.
� for finding out size of the footing we need to take service loads not
ultimate loads. That is factor of safety factor shall be 1.0
� the following are some of the load cases for buildings
1. 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
2. 1.0 DL + 1.0 WL/1.0 EQ
3. 1.0 DL + 0.8 LL + 0.8 WL / 0.8 EQ
� Area of footing = Service load on column/safe bearing capacity of soil below
� To decide thickness of footing factored loads shall be taken.
� Base pressure is = (P/B.L)+-(M/Z)
where Z=I/L
and I=BL3/12
� let us assume a case when the base pressure is zero at one end and q2 at
other end.
i.e. (P/L)-(M/Z)=0
(P/L)-(6M/BL2)=0
M=P.e
(P/L)-(6*Pe/BL2)=0
1-(6e/L)=0
e=L/6
HENCE when e=L/6, one end will have a base pressure of zero and other end
will hase a max base pressure.
I) When e=L/6

That is as can be seen in above picture.

ii) when e>L/6

� THICKNESS OF FOOTING
1. It should be sufficient to resist shear force without shear steel or
stirrups.
2. Should be sufficient to resist the bending stress without compression steel.
3. To withstand corrosion that can be caused from ground water.

� Minimum percentage of steel

1. shall be whatever we provide for slab.
� Clear cover requirements shall be fulfilled
� Bending Moment is calculated at the face of the column.
� One way shear
1. shall be calculated at a distance d from the face of the column.That is
assuming 45 degrees dispersion of load.
2. If the shape of footing is recatngular then take the longer direction.
� Punching shear
1. shall be calculated at d/2 from face of the column.

Depth of footing should satisfy one way shear, two way shear and bending moment
criteria.