Circulatory System Explained

ST.
VIATOR BILINGUAL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL CODE PC-RG-04

ASSESSMENT VERSION 02
DATE 13 - 02 - 18
SUBJECT: Science UNIT TITLE: In nature: Each piece has a function, a
place and a reason why.
TOPIC: Levels of Organization in Organisms-Circulatory system TERM: 1
NAME: CLASS: SCORE:
PREPARED BY: Betty Carolina López S. CHECKED: Mauricio Aponte
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ORGANISMS1
INTRODUCTION 1
Systems are made up of individual

parts that work together and are Groups of tissues having a common
usually connected to one or more function are organized into organs.
other systems. If one part of the Many organs are made up of several
system is damaged, the system will different types of tissues. Some
not function well or may not function examples of organs in your body
at all. These characteristics are true of include the heart, lungs, kidney, liver,
systems in the human body. The skin, eye, brain, and ears. Some
human body is a complex system of examples of organs in plants are the
interdependent parts that work roots, stems leaves, stamens, and
together—understanding how these ovaries.
parts work help us to understand the Groups of organs having a common
whole system. function form an organ system. The
human body is made up of many
Cell Organization systems including the: Circulatory
In a multicellular organism, such as system, Digestive system, excretory
humans, cells are specialized and system, respiratory system, Immune
organized to work together. Groups system and nervous system.
of similar cells that have a common
function form a tissue. Tissue cells are
often stuck together with fibers or
other sticky material.
TISSUES
There are four types of tissues in the human body:
Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue,
epithelial tissue.
Muscle tissue is responsible for movement in the body.
Think of all the different ways you can move your
body: walking, lifting, and writing all involve muscle
tissue. Muscle tissue also allows your body to move in Figure 1 Muscle Tissue. From http://pluspng.com/muscle-
tissue-png-4713.html
1. “Your Body's Systems - Open School BC”. Web January 8 2019. http://media.openschool.bc.ca/osbcmedia/bi12/etext/SCI_BodySystems.pdf Modified by Betty Carolina López Sarmiento.
th .
2. “Your healthy, active body”. Web January 8th . 2019.

http://vle.brighouse.calderdale.sch.uk/frogweb/Parents%20Information/Physical%20Education/GCSE%20PE/Theory/GCSE%20Theory%20questions%20&%20resources/2.2%20-
%20Cardiovascular%20system/2.2%20-%20All%20worksheets%20-%20Homework%20sheets%20-%20Extension%20sheets.pdf Modified by Betty Carolina López Sarmiento.
ways you can’t often see. For example, did you know that your heart contains muscle tissue? The
muscle tissue in your heart allows it to contract so it can pump blood to your whole body.
Figure 2 Types of tissues.

From https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/4-1-types-of-tissues/
1. “Your Body's Systems - Open School BC”. Web January 8th . 2019. http://media.openschool.bc.ca/osbcmedia/bi12/etext/SCI_BodySystems.pdf Modified by Betty Carolina López Sarmiento.
2. “Your healthy, active body”. Web January 8th . 2019. http://vle.brighouse.calderdale.sch.uk/frogweb/Parents%20Information/Physical%20Education/GCSE%20PE/Theory/GCSE%20Theory%20questions%20&%20resources/2.2%20-
• Nerve tissue transmits messages through the body. It is crucial for our safety because it tells us how to
respond to various changes inside and outside the body. For example, when you touch something hot, nerve
tissues are what detect the heat and send a warning message to your brain.
• Connective tissue holds other tissues together, and protects and insulates organs. This tissue is fibrous
and helps give organs their shape.
• Epithelial tissue covers our body and the surface of various internal organs. This tissue provides a barrier
between the organ it is covering and the environment around the organ. Its functions can include protection,
absorption, and secretion.
 WRITE the levels of organization you need in the boxes.
Figure 3 Levels of organization. From: https://figures.boundless-cdn.com/32096/large/q0vxsubtt4e9uaqkster.png
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM— THE BODY'S

MOVING COMPANY
The circulatory system is an organ system invasion by harmful organisms by taking

that includes the heart, the blood vessels, white blood cells to an area of injury or
and the blood itself. It has three functions: infection to maintain a constant body
to transport materials (i.e., nutrients and temperature.
oxygen) and cells from one place to
another to defend the body against Your body has a closed network of blood
vessels—hollow tubes—that move blood Blood circulates through the body
and nutrients. A pumping organ—the delivering nutrients and removing waste
heart—pushes blood through this network materials. Blood is made up of red blood
of vessels. cells, white blood cells, and platelets all
What is Blood? suspended in plasma.
Plasma Your blood contains cells called erythrocytes or red

blood cells (RBCs). Red blood cells are packed full
About 55% of your blood is made up of plasma. of a protein molecule called Hemoglobin. Each
Plasma is a liquid made up of proteins, minerals, molecule of hemoglobin contains four iron atoms.
dissolved salts, and water. The iron atoms in the hemoglobin molecules bind to
oxygen molecules. This is how your body transports
Red Blood Cells oxygen from your lungs to all the cells of your body.
Each RBC contains millions of hemoglobin 4
Your body produces two million red blood cells molecules, and each drop of blood contains
every second. Red blood cells are responsible for millions of RBCs.2
carrying oxygen from your lungs to your cells and
for carrying carbon dioxide from your cells to your
lungs where it is exhaled.
Encounters a smaller organism, it simply engulfs

it. If the invading organism is larger, a number
White Blood Cells of white blood cells surround and consume it.
White blood cells defend the body against Platelets

attack from foreign organisms, such as
bacteria and some viruses and form antibodies Platelets contain the enzymes needed to turn
that protect the body from future attacks. clotting agents into fibrin—fibrous strands that
heal wounds. Platelets collect around the
If the body is invaded by harmful organisms, edges of a wound, break themselves open,
the production of white blood cells increases and release enzymes that promote the
dramatically. When a white blood cell chemical reaction needed to heal the wound
Figure 4 Blood cells. From: https://microbiologyinfo.com/blood-cells-types-functions/

1. Without oxygen, our cells cannot work. Which of the following might be an explanation why
someone feels weak?
A. They do not have enough hemoglobin

B. They do not have enough red blood cells
C. Either a or b would cause someone to feel tired and weak 5
2. If you fell down and scraped your knee, describe what each type of blood cell would be
doing at the site of injury.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Link the two halves of each sentence together so that they make sense and form a true
statement.
THE HEART'S BEAT
The heart—the driving force behind the flow of blood in your circulatory system—is a
four-chambered pump that contracts about 70 times a minute. That's over 2 577 204
000 times in a seventy-year life span!
The heart adjusts its contraction rate (heartbeat) to match the body's needs. When
you're resting, your heart pumps from 2.5 to 4.0 litres of blood every minute. If you
begin to exercise, your heartbeat speeds up within seconds, increasing the volume
of blood pumped per minute to meet your increased need for oxygen and nutrients.
When you stop exercising, your heart rate slows down. All this from a muscular organ 6
the size of your fist!
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
The heart is made of a special kind of muscle. The muscle cells in the heart are
connected so they contract and expand at exactly the same moment. This type of
muscle is not found anywhere else in the body. The human heart has four chambers or
compartments: the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. (Note: atrium is
the singular of atria.)
1.  Modified by Betty Carolina López Sarmiento.
THE HEART
Below is a diagram of the heart.
1. Label the following parts: the aorta, the vena cava, the pulmonary
artery, and the pulmonary vein.
2. Draw arrows to show in which direction blood flows as it makes a

complete circuit through the system. 7
3. Why is there is a wall between the left and right sides of the heart?
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2. “Your healthy, active body”. Web January 8th . 2019.
http://vle.brighouse.calderdale.sch.uk/frogweb/Parents%20Information/Physical%20Education/GCSE%20PE/Theory/GCSE%20Theory%20questions%20&%20resources/2.2%20-%20Cardiovascular%20system/2.2%20-
%20All%20worksheets%20-%20Homework%20sheets%20-%20Extension%20sheets.pdf Modified by Betty Carolina López Sarmiento.

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ST.

VIATOR BILINGUAL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL CODE PC-RG-04

NAME: CLASS: SCORE:

PREPARED BY: Betty Carolina López S. CHECKED: Mauricio Aponte

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ORGANISMS1

Systems are made up of individual

2. “Your healthy, active body”. Web January 8th . 2019.

Figure 2 Types of tissues.

 WRITE the levels of organization you need in the boxes.

Figure 3 Levels of organization. From: https://figures.boundless-cdn.com/32096/large/q0vxsubtt4e9uaqkster.png

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM— THE BODY'S

The circulatory system is an organ system invasion by harmful organisms by taking

Plasma Your blood contains cells called erythrocytes or red

Encounters a smaller organism, it simply engulfs

White blood cells defend the body against Platelets

Figure 4 Blood cells. From: https://microbiologyinfo.com/blood-cells-types-functions/

A. They do not have enough hemoglobin

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Below is a diagram of the heart.

2. Draw arrows to show in which direction blood flows as it makes a

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