Organizebuli Danashauli PDF

o rganiz e bu li danaSaulis
organizebuli danaSau lis Tanamedrove

T anamedro ve gamovlinebebis
gamo vlinebebis kriminalizaciisa
kriminaliz aciisa da
sa marTalSef ardebis pproblemebi

samarTalSefardebis ro blemebi qarTul
qarT u l sisxlis samarTalSi
o
qarTul
organizebuli
gamovlinebebis
rganiz ebu li danaSaulis
gamo vlinebebis kriminaliz

kriminalizaciisa
samarTalSefardebis pproblemebi
ro blemebi
aciisa da
danaSau lis Tanamedrove
organizebuli danaSaulis
Tanamedrove gamovlinebebis
kriminalizaciisa da
samarTalSefardebis problemebi
qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi
Tbilisi
2012
SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondi
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis

erovnuli samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosaz-
reba ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fondis
Sexedulebebs.
This project has been made possible by financial support from the Shota
Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant # 254_08_2-180). All
ideas expressed herewith are those of the author, and may not represent
the opinion of the Foundation itself~.
.
www.rustaveli.org.ge
ufaso gamocema
warmodgenili proeqtis avtorebisTvis Zneli dasajer-
ebeli iyo, rom winamdebare wignis gamocema revaz gog-
SeliZis gareSe moxdeboda, magram es samwuxaro realobaa,
romelsac Tvali unda gavusworoT. visac masTan Sex-
eba hqonia dagveTanxmeba, rom is iyo amouwuravi ideebis,
wamowyebebis generatori da arafers iSurebda imisTvis,
rasac pedagogika da samecniero saqmianoba hqvia. igi am
wignze muSaobasac Cveuli enTuziazmiT Seudga. Ddidi in-
teresiT gaecno sakvlevi problemis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
praqtikas, specialur literaturas, magram misi Teoriul
naSromad qceva veRar moaswro.
xanmokle sicocxlis miuxedavad, man mainc SeZlo Tavisi

mokrZalebuli sityva eTqva iurisprudenciaSi: wignad
gamosca sadisertacio naSromi, TanaavtorobiT Seqmna
saxelmZRvaneloebi kriminalistikasa da sisxlis samarT-
lis procesSi, Tumca ganuxorcielebeli darCa araerTi
Canafiqri, idea, Tu proeqti.
batoni rezo gogSeliZis naSromi mocemul wignSi kidev

erTxel gaaxsnebs mkiTxvels am marTlac WeSmarit peda-
gogs, mecniers da patriot adamians.
proeqtis monawileebi:
guram naWyebia – iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori,

proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli
giorgi goraSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

proeqtis menejeri
goCa mamulaSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

proeqtis monawile
nona Todua – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero proeq-

tis monawile
revaz gogSeliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

proeqtis monawile †
daviT sulaqveliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

proeqtis monawile
irakli dvaliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

proeqtis monawile
redaqtorisgan
winamdebare naSromi, romelic organizebuli danaSau-

lis cnebis, kriminalizaciisa da am danaSaulis mimarT
kanonSefardebiTi praqtikis analizis problemebs eZ-
Rvneba, miznad isaxavs, daexmaros qarTul saxelmwifos
am ti pis danaSaulisa da misi gamovlenis konkretuli
formebis winaaRmdeg brZolis keTilSobilur saqmeSi.
miT ufro, rom organizebuli danaSauloba msoflios
TiTqmis yvela wamyvani saxelmwifos erovnul trage-
dias warmoadgens, xolo maTi mecnieruli Seswavla
dRemde problemuria.
saqarTveloSi xsenebuli problemebis kvlevam aCvena,

rom qarTulma saxelmwifom organizebuli danaSau-
lobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mtkice politikuri neba
gamoavlina (gansakuTrebiT _ qurduli mentalitetis
winaaRmdeg), ris Sedegadac TiTqmis moispo korufcia,
rogorc organizebuli danaSaulisa da misi gamovle-
nis konkretuli formebis upirvelesi mkvebavi wyaro,
xolo organizebuli danaSauloba arsebiTad Semcirda
da mcirdeba. Mmiuxedavad amisa, organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg brZola mainc aqtualuria.
naSromSi gamokveTilia organizebuli danaSaulis

cnebisa da misi gamovlenis konkretuli formebis
Tanafardobis meTodologiuri aspeqtebi, Seswavlilia
am mimarTebiT saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis ga-
mocdileba, gamovlenilia trefikingis, fulis gaTeT-
rebis, qurduli samyarosa da e. w. kanonieri qurdobis
Taviseburebani, dasmuli da Taviseburadaa gadaWrili
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problema.
5
xsenebul naSromSi gamoTqmuli meTodologiuri,
Teoriuli da praqtikuli xasiaTis mosazrebani da
rekomendaciebi, agreTve SeniSvnebi (moqmedi kanonmde-
blobisa da am saqmeebze sasamarTlo praqtikis gaum-
jobesebis mizniT) xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi jer
kidev SemorCenili organizebuli danaSaulisa da misi
gamovlenis konkretuli formebis winaaRmdeg efeqtian
brZolas.
amasTan, mkiTxveli advilad darwmundeba, rom naSromSi

dasmuli problemebis umravlesoba Semdgom gaRrmave-
bul kvlevas moiTxovs.
guram naWyebia
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori
6
Sinaarsi
winasityvaoba............................................................... 15
pirveli kari
organizebuli danaSaulisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvlebi
Tavi I organizebuli danaSaulisTvis
dakisrebis zogadTeoriuli safuZvlebi ........... 21
§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli
danaSaulisTvis .......................................................... 21
§ 3. danaSaulSi àucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~
cneba da organizebuli danaSaulis bunebis
problema ...................................................................... 40
§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba
da organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
kriminalizaciis problema ..................................... 42
§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri
daxasiaTebis cdebi saqarTveloSi ...................... 45
§ 6. organizebuli danaSaulis problema
sabWoTa kavSiris miwuruls ................................... 48
§ 7. organizebuli danaSaulis problema
postsabWour sivrceSi ............................................ 60
§ 8. organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli
analizi ......................................................................... 70
§ 9. organizebuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi aspeqtebi ..................................................... 78
§ 10. organizebuli danaSauli da danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis problema .................................. 84
§ 11. sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia da
organizebuli danaSaulis problema ................... 93
Tavi II gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi

organizacia (Joint Criminal Enterprise)
...................103
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi................... 103
7
§ 2. meTaurTa pasuxismgebloba saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSi ................................................. 119
§3.Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis
mimarTeba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciasTan (Joint Criminal Enterprise)
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo
precedentebis mixedviT ....................................... 123
3.1 anamonawileoba inglisur sisxlis
samarTalSi ................................................................. 165
3.2 anglo-amerikuli kanonis warmoSoba ........... 176
3.3 Tanamonawileoba romanul-germanuli
samarTalis mixedviT ............................................... 178
3.4 SeTqmuleba ........................................................... 181
§4. sami kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia (Joint Criminal
Enterprise) yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
mixedviT ...........................................................................187
........................................................................... 187
§ 5. winawarganWvretadobis problema................ 216
§ 6. gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebis mixedviT ........................................ 219
meore kari
trefikingis sisxlissamarTlebrivi,
kriminologiuri da sasamarTlo
praqtikuli analizi
Tavi I adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
meTodologiuri sakiTxebi ...................................
...................................241
241
Sesavali ...........................................................................241
........................................................................... 241
§1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mizezebi da
xelSemwyobi pirobebi ............................................. 243
§ 2.
2. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
Sedegebi ....................................................................... 254
8
§3. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Cadenis
Taviseburebani .......................................................... 255
§4. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
filosofiuri aspeqtebi ........................................ 261
Tavi II adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba da
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi ..........................
..........................277
277
§1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxasiaTeba ............... ...............277
277
§ 2. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi
(nawili pirveli)...................................................
...................................................300
300
(nawili meore) ........................................................
........................................................359
359
(nawili mesame)........................................................
........................................................368
368
Tavi IV arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis

(trefikingi) samarTlebriv-sociologiuri
analizi .............................................................................
.............................................................................385
385
§1. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)..... .....385
385
§ 2. bavSvebis trefikingi da komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluatacia rogorc
Tanamedroveobis globaluri problema....... .......392
392
2.1 naadrevi qorwinebebi ....................................
....................................403
403
2.2 bavSvTa pornografia ....................................
....................................405
405
2.3 bavSvTa seqsturizmi .....................................
.....................................413
413
§3. saqarTvelo
saqarTvelo bavSvTa trefikingis
9
globaluri gamowvevis winaSe winaSe...........................
...........................418
418
§4 bavSvTa trefikingis da komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciis prevencia
(rekomendaciebi)...................................................
...................................................435
435
§ 5. bavSvTa trefikingis kriminalizacia...... ......451
451
msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba .......... ..........471
471
mesame kari
qarTuli antiqurduli normebis da
sasamarTlo praqtikis mimoxilva
Tavi I antiqurduli normebis kriminalizaciis
sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi ..........................................
..........................................481
481
§1. qurduli cxovrebis wesis
msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZvlebi.................. ..................481
481
§2. e.w. kanonieri qurdobis kriminologiuri
analizi da mokle istoriuli eskursi .......... ..........509
509
§ 3. kriminaluri subkultura da
TanamedroveqarTuli sazogadoeba .................... 519
§ 4. saqarTvelos antiqurduli
kanonmdebloba ......................................................
......................................................527
527
§ 5. dasjadoba qmedebisTvis Tu socialuri
statusisTvis? ......................................................
......................................................541
541
Tavi II qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi .........................
.........................547
547
§ 1. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da
kanonieri qurdobis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
aspeqtebi .................................................................
.................................................................547
547
§ 2. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da
kanonieri qurdobis saproceso
samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi ..................................
..................................565
565
§ 3. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizi (nawili pirveli) ............. .............573
573
10
§ 4. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri
qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo
praqtikis analizi (nawili meore)........................ 614
§ 5. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri
qurdoba _ sisxlis saproceso
samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi ....................................... 662
meoTxe kari
qarTuli antireketuli normebi
Sesavali....................................................................... 683
§ 1. kriminalizaciis sazrisi ............................
............................686
686
§ 2. Tavisufa
Tavisufali li interpretaciis koncefcia
legalobis principTan da qarTuli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis sistemasTan sistemasTan
mimarTebaSi ................................................................ 689
2.1 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefciis
arsi ............................................................................... 689
2.2 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia
legalobis principTan mimarTebaSi ................... 691
2.3 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
sistemasTan mimarTebaSi ........................................ 692
§ 3. pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefciis
arsi da misi gamovlena qarTul sisxlis
samarTalSi ................................................................ 693
3.1 pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis
koncefciis arsi ..............................................................
..............................................................693
693
3.2 antireketuli
antireketuli normebi danaSaulis simravlisa
da jgufuri danaSaulobis samarTlebriv
institutebTan mimarT
mimarTebaSi ebaSi.................................. 695
§ 4. sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefcia ............. 697
4.1 sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefciis
arsi ............................................................................... 697
4.2 qarTuli antireketuli normebi sakontrolo
deliqtTa koncefciasTan mimarTebaSi ............. 698
11
4.3 winadadebebi sakontrolo deliqtTa
koncefciasTan mimarTebaSi qarTuli
antireketuli normebis sakanonmdeblo
daxvewisTvis .............................................................. 700
§ 5. organizaciuli SeTanxmebis koncefcia .... 703
5.1 organizaciuli SeTanxmebis
koncefciis arsi ....................................................... 703
5.2 organizebul danaSaulobasTan
sisxlissamarTlebrvi saSualebebiT brZolis
sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofisTvis ............... 706
5.3 ruseTis federaciis gamocdileba
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)
kriminalizaciis sakiTxSi ..................................... 708
5.4 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
reglamentirebuli organizebuli jgufis
subieqturi mxaris kritikuli analizi ............. 711
mexuTe kari
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia
§1. ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia rogorc
organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis forma da
Tanamedroveobis globaluri problema ......... 715
§ 2. fulis gaTeTrebis genezisi, xelSemwyobi
pirobebi da faqtorebi
faqtorebi ........................................... 719
§ 3. fulis gaTeTrebasTan
gaTeTrebasTan brZolis
saerTaSoriso da SidasamarTlebrivi normatiuli
aqtebi, saerTaSoriso monitoringi....................
monitoringi.................... 741
§ 4. fulis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia
(iuridiuli daxasia
daxasiaTeba)
Teba) ...................................
...................................755
755
§ 5. Semosavlebis legalizaciis obieqturi
Semadgenloba saerTaSoriso aqtebSi da
nacionalur kanonmdeblobaSi..........................
..........................772
772
§ 6. kriminaluri warmoSobis fulis garecxvis
12
modelebi (ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciis
etapebi _ stadiebi); qmedebis obieqturi mxaris
realizaciis specifika .......................................
.......................................776
776
§ 7. ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis
subieqturi Semadgenloba .................................807
.................................807
§ 8. fulis gaTeTreba da momijnave
danaSaulebi ...........................................................
...........................................................814
814
8.1 winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli nivTis SeZena an gasaReba
(ssk-is 186-e muxli) .................................................. 814
8.2 ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT
mopovebuli nivTiT sargebloba, nivTis SeZena,
floba an gasaReba (ssk-is 1941-e muxli) ............ 818
§9. sasamarTlo praqtika fulis `garecxvis~
Sesaxeb ......................................................................820
......................................................................820
§ 10. sazRvargareTis zogierTi qveynis
kanonmdebloba fulis gaTeTrebis
winaaRmdeg ..............................................................
..............................................................872
872
10.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi ..................... 872
10.2 safrangeTi .....................................................
.....................................................881
881
10.3 germania ...........................................................
...........................................................884
884
10.4 italia ................................................................. 890
meeqvse kari
qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc efeqturi
meqanizmi organizebuli danaSaulis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
§ 1. qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi qonebis
CamorTmevisa da misi winamorbedi
institutebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis
mokle istoria...........................................................
istoria........................................................... 895
§ 2. qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc materialur
samarTlebrivi sanqcia da saproceso-
samarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZieba, Tanamedrove
qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi........
etapze moqmed qarTul ........917
917
2.1 qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis materialur da saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi (mdgomareoba 2010 wlis
1 oqtombramde) .......................................................... 919
13
2.2 qonebis CamorTmeva da saproceso konfiskacia
saqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi ...................................................... 946
§ 3. qonebis CamorTmevis instituti saqarTvelos
moqmedi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
mixedviT ...................................................................... 954
§ 4. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da
evrodireqtivebi qonebis CamorTmevis
(konfiskaciis) Sesaxeb............................................. 963
meSvide kari
iuridiuli piris
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba rogorc efeqturi meqanizmi
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi brZolaSi
§ 1. `samarTlis subieqti~
subieqti~ Tu ` samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis subieqti~ ? ...................................... 975
§ 2. kategorialuri azrovneba da misi
meTodologiuri mniSvneloba .............................. 976
§ 3. iuridiuli piris problema samoqalaqo
samarTalSi ................................................................. 981
§ 6. fiqciis cneba da misi meTodologiuri
mniSvneloba ................................................................ 993
§ 7. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi ......... 997
§ 8. Biuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis
safuZveli samoqalaqo samarTalSi .................... 999
§ 9. g. boguSi iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
winaaRmdeg ................................................................ 1012
10. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba da
§10.
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problema ...... 1016
§11. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb uaxloesi
mosazrebani ruseTis federaciaSi ................... 1018
informacia proeqtis monawileTa Sesaxeb.............. 1029
14
winasityvaoba
sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, nacionaluri saxelm-

wifoebis xelisuflebis sisustis, socialuri kontro-
lis efeqturad ganxorcielebis uunarobis pirobebSi,
organizebulma danaSaulobam farTo masStabebi SeiZi-
na. me-20 saukunis bolos postsabWouri respublikebis
umravlesobaSi TiTqmis erTiani suraTi iyo – organi-
zebulma danaSaulobam xelT igdo ara mxolod didi si-
mdidre da gavlena axlad aRmocenebul sabazro ekono-
mikaze, aramed SeaRwia xelisuflebis yvela StoSi.
qarTul sazogadoebaSi didi gaqaneba hpova danaSaule-

brivma subkulturam, gansakuTrebiT ki, axalgazrdeb-
Si. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cveulebriv movlenad iqca
kriminaluri Jargoni, e.w. `qurduli Rirebulebebi~.
kriminaluri subkultura yvelanairad cdilobda Ta-
visi adgili daemkvidrebina qarTul cnobierebaSi da
dogmis saxe mieRo. saqarTveloSi e.w. qurduli subkul-
turis farTo gavrcelebaze metyvelebs TviTon eT-
nikurad qarTuli warmoSobis `kanonieri qurdebis~
procentuli simravle sabWoTa kavSiris dros da misi
rRvevis Semdegac. qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdge-
nis Tavdapirvel etapze, sakanonmdeblo bazis sisustem
da marTlmsajulebis araefeqturobam, sazogadoebaSi
daucvelobis da usamarTlobis gancdis SegrZneba daam-
kvidra. aRniSnuli faqtoris gamo, didi gasaqani mieca
treteul sasamarTlo procesebs, sadac kvazisamarT-
lianobis principebze dayrdnobiT e.w. avtoritetebi
`saqmeebs qurdulad agvarebdnen~. organizebuli dana-
15
Sauloba realurad saxelmwifos SigniT qmnida `saxelm-
wifos~, Tavisi qcevis normebiT, `marTlmsajulebiT~ da
iZulebis aparatiT.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arCevanis winaSe dadga: mas

an unda daewyo brZola organizebuli danaSaulobis
winaaRmdeg an kriminokratiad gadaqceuliyo. saqar-
Tvelos xelisuflebam gamoiCina uprecendento prin-
cipuloba da efeqturi reformebis meSveobiT daiwyo
brZola organizebul danaSaulobasTan, romelic qvey-
nis sxeulSi myarad iyo gamjdari.
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeq-

turoba mZlavri samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis arsebobas
moiTxovs. saqarTvelom uprecendentod efeqturi re-
formebi gaatara organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis
kuTxiT. postsabWour sivrceSi pirvelma da erTaderT-
ma saqarTvelom moaxdina organizebuli danaSaulis
iseTi formis kriminalizacia, rogoric e.w. `kanonieri
qurdoba~ da qurduli samyaros wevrobaa; Seiqmna tre-
fikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli efeqturi samarTle-
brivi meqanizmebi da sasamarTlo praqtika; saxelmwifom
daiwyo efeqturi brZola organizebuli danaSaulobis
finansuri safuZvlebis winaaRmdeg. am mxriv, mniSvnelo-
vania qonebis CamorTmevis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis
arseboba. organizebuli danaSaulis finansuri infras-
truqtura ikvebeba krminalurad mopovebuli Tanxebis
garecxviT da maTi Semdgom qveynis legalur finansur
sivrceSi dabandebiT. fulis gaTeTrebiT saxelmwifos
ekonomikur usafrTxoebas mniSvnelovani ziani adgeba da
16
aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT qveynis sakanonmdeblo baza da
sasamarTlo praqtika sakmaod ganviTarda.
migvaCnia, rom samecniero potenciali qveynis aRmSene-

blobis procesSi efeqturad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
da samecniero wreebma aqtiuri monawileoba unda mii-
Ron Cveni qveynis ganviTarebasa da winsvlaSi. zustad am
mosazrebiT SevecadeT Cveni naazreviT mokrZalebuli
wvlili Segvetana organizebuli danaSaulis winaaR-
mdeg brZolis saqmeSi.
aqtiuri sakanonmdeblo muSaobis Sedegad SemuSavebul-

ma organizebuli danaSaulobis axalma kriminalize-
bulma formebma, romelTac adre arc mecniereba da arc
sasamarTlo praqtika ar icnobda, mravali kiTxva daba-
da. dadga erTbaSad SemuSavebuli samarTlebrivi insti-
tutebis, definiciebisa Tu danaSaulTa Semadgenlobe-
bis Rrma mecnieruli analizis aucilebloba. calkeuli
samecniero statiebis da sisxlis samarTlis saxelmZR-
vaneloebis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli viwro kvle-
vebis garda, qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi aRniSnuli
sakiTxebi fundamentur doneze ar damuSavebul. Sesa-
bamisad, aRniSnul sferoSi, romelic avtorTa azriT
umniSvnelovanesia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis po-
litikidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani informaciuli
vakuumia.
mocemuli naSromi organizebuli danaSaulis socialu-

ri, samarTlebrivi, social-fsiqologiuri analizis,
agreTve aRniSnuli movlenis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
17
normebis, meqanizmebis, sasamarTlo praqtikis, saerTa-
Soriso gamocdilebis pirveli kompleqsuri kvlevis
nimuSs warmoadgens.
naSromi saintereso unda iyos araiuristi, rigiTi mki-

TxvelisTvisac, radgan masSi gaanalizebulia is socia-
luri da socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebi, romle-
bic Tanamedrove organizebuli danaSaulisTvis da
danaSaulebrivi subkulturisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
naSromi sazogadoebis farTo wrisTvis gasagebi eni-
Taa dawerili. masSi gaazrebuli msoflmxedvelobrivi
problemebi, gansakuTrebiT kriminaluri subkulturis
kuTxiT, xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebrivi marTlSegnebis
amaRlebas.
giorgi goraSvili
samecniero proeqtis menejeri,
samarTlis doqtori
18
pirveli kari
sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebi
http://www.soxfirst.com/50226711/organized_crime_becomes_the_new_superpower.php
guram naWyebia
Tavi I
dakisrebis zogadTeoriuli
safuZvlebi
§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli danaSaulisTvis

(problemis dasma)
SeniSvna: organizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema,

misi mravalmxriobisa da sirTulis gamo, arsebiT Ses-
wavlas moiTxovs. imis miuxedavad, rom mas msoflios
zogierTi wamyvani saxelmwifos zogadi nawilis kanoni
da dogmatika icnobs, igi kvlav iqcevs mkvlevarTa yura-
dRebas. miT ufro ar yofila igi yovelmxrivi Seswavlis
sagani saqarTveloSi.
organizebuli danaSauli iuridiuladac da logikura-

dac ukavSirdeba danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis prob-
lemas, magram igi am ukanasknels ar emTxveva. es Sei-
Zleba, ase vTqvaT, negatiuri wesiTac davadasturoT.
kerZod, saqarTveloSi danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
problemas araerTi saintereso naSromi mieZRvna,11 ma-
gram, samwuxarod, organizebuli danaSaulis problema
am naSromebSi saTanadod arc dasmula. marTalia, orga-
1
T. wereTeli, Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi, Tb., 1965; o. ga-
myreliZe, SualobiTi amsrulebloba da Tanaamsrulebloba,
Tb., 1974; misive: sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis prob-
lema da TanamonawileTa dasjadobis safuZveli, Tb., 1989.
21
nizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema ukve ganxilu-
lia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis
saxelmZRvaneloSi,2magram es mxolod dasawyisia. am
problemis kompleqsur kvlevas ki uaRresad didi mniS-
vneloba aqvs, rogorc praqtikuli, ise Teoriuli Tval-
sazrisiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom organizebuli danaSauli erTi an ram-

denime qveynis problema ki araa mxolod, aramed, mas
transnacionaluri xasiaTi aqvs. es Cans im oficialuri
dokumentidanac, rogoricaa: gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis 2000 wlis 12 dekembris konvencia transna-
cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg da
misi damatebiTi oqmebidan adamianTa trefikingisa
da migrantTa ukanono gadayvanis Sesaxeb. am dokumen-
tSi ganmartebulia mTeli rigi terminebisa, romlebic
xels uwyoben organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da misi
kriminalizaciis kriteriumebis problemaTa marTebul
gagebas. am mxriv, zogi ram gaziarebulia saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSic, xolo, am konvenciaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis arsebiT niSnebs ufro
vrclad am naSromis Teoriul nawilSi SevexebiT. isic
unda SevniSnoT, rom xsenebul konvenciaSi vrcladaa
gadmocemuli transnacionaluri organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis rogorc sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi, ise saproceso zomebi, magram Cven organize-
buli danaSaulis ZiriTadi niSnebis dadgeniT Semovi-
farglebiT.
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e mux-

lis mesame nawilSi mocemulia organizebuli jgu-
fis cneba misi ramdenime niSnis mixedviT: a) jgufi
2
sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, red.: g. naWyebia, i. dval-
iZe. Tb., 2007.
22
drois gansazRvrul periodSia Seqmnili; b) igi mo-
qmedebs winaswarSeTanxmebulad, Tumca am SeTanxme-
bis xarisxze miniSnebuli araa da amitom aris saSiS-
roeba imisa, rom organizebuli jgufis cneba Cveu-
lebriv pirTa jgufis cnebaSi agverios). g) jgufi
struqturuli formis mqonea, rac Tavis mxriv, hgavs
danaSaulebriv organizacias an gaerTianebas. am uka-
nasknels icnobs rusuli kanonmdebloba, magram ase
gamokveTilad ar icnobs qarTuli kanonmdebloba
(sakiTxavia: xom ar gvxvdeba saqarTvelos sagamoZie-
bo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi amgvari danaSaulis
(danaSaulebrivi organizaciis an gaerTianebis) niS-
nebi? d) am jgufis mizani SeiZleba iyos ara marto
erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis Cadena, aramed pirda-
pir an arapirdapir finansuri an sxva materialuri
sargeblis ukanonod miReba (ese igi dasadgenia or-
ganizebuli jgufis moqmedebis sfero da obieqti
(magaliTad, ssk-is 212-e muxlis mesame nawili – yal-
bi fulis an fasiani qaRaldis damzadeba an gasaReba,
Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier).
2. amave muxlis SeniSvnaSi, gaeros zemoTdasaxelebu-
li konvenciis me-2 muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebis
Sesabamisad, naTqvamia, rom struqturuli formis
mqonea jgufi, romelic jer erTi, ar aris Seqmnili
SemTxveviT an naucbaTevad, raime situaciuri vi-
Tarebis karnaxiT, danaSaulis Casadenad (ese igi ig-
ulisxmeba ufro myari danaSaulebrivi kavSiri); aqve
naTqvamia, rom ar aris aucilebeli, formalurad
iyos ganawilebuli rolebi, magram maSin riTi unda
ganvasxvavoT organizebuli jgufi e.w. aucilebeli
Tanamonawileobisgan, rodesac TviT danaSaulis
specifika moiTxovs imas, rom is ori an meti piris
mier erToblivad iyos Cadenili? (magaliTad, maso-
brivi areuloba _ ssk-is 225-e muxli), magram am mi-
23
marTebiT pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis wesiT ar wydeba. meore mxriv, or-
ganizebuli jgufis cnebaSi rolebis ganawilebis
ugulebelyofa ewinaaRmdegeba amave muxlis meoTxe
nawils, romelSic pirdapir aris miTiTeba am jgufis
Semqmnelis an xelmZRvanelis pasuxismgeblobaze,
Tumca es sakiTxi ase calsaxa araa.
3. organizebuli jgufis cneba muSavdeba danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis doqtrinis safuZvelze, xolo,
es doqtrina, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva samarTlebriv
sistemebSi gansxvavebulia. amdenad, aucilebeli
xdeba analogiisa da Sedarebis meTodologiis
gamoyeneba. miT ufro, rom organizebuli jgufis
cneba gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenas adamianTa
gaerTianebebis mier, magaliTad, danaSaulis Cadena
korporaciis (iuridiuli piris) formaSi, agreTve
danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis mxriv. aseT vi-
TarebaSi sruliad aucilebeli xdeba imis aRniSvna,
rom iyo dro, rodesac danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-
ba ganixileboda solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis
principebis Tanaxmad.33 kaliforniis Statis (aSS)
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis magaliTze ki, SeiZleba
davadasturoT e.w. ekvivalenturi pasuxismgeblobis
Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad, mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulis Cadenisas yvela Tanamonawile, maT
Soris, damxmarec, amsrulebelia da pasuxismgebelia
danaSaulis amsruleblobisTvis.4
4. organizebuli jgufis cneba gulisxmobs organi-
zatoris an xelmZRvanelis cnebas. amdenad, ekviva-
lenturi pasuxismgeblobis Teoria organizebuli
jgufis cnebas ver Camoayalibebs. magram ra xdeba,
3
Н. С. Таганцев, Русское уголовное право, Общая часть, т. 1. Тула, 2001,
стр. 577
4
Дж. Флетчер, А. В. Наумов, Основные концепции современного уго-
ловного права, М., 1998, стр. 452.
24
SedarebisTvis, magaliTad, germaniis federaciul
respublikaSi? Aaq winaaRmdegoba xom ar iqmneba imis
gamo, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili organiza-
toris cnebas saerTod ar icnobs? isic aRsaniSnavia,
rom germanuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi da Teo-
ria (dogmatika) Tanamonawileobis formebSi organi-
zebuli jgufis cnebas ar gamoyofs. magram sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilSi laparakia teroristuli
Tu SeiaraRebuli gaerTianebebis Seqmnaze (magali-
Tad, § 127-e da § 129-e).
sakiTxavia: ratom araa aq organizatori? Tu ar

aris, maSin aRniSnuli gaerTianeba danaSaulSi Tan-
amonawileobis nairsaxeobas ar warmoadgens; anda
sisxlis samarTlis zogad da kerZo nawilebs Soris
am mimarTebiT garkveuli winaaRmdegobaa.
5. germanul doqtrinaSi TiTqmis gabatonebuli e.w.
limitirebuli aqcesoroba, rac imas niSnavs, rom
mTavari qmedeba unda iyos marTlsawinaaRmdego,
xolo es araa savaldebulo Tanamonawilis bralis
mimarT.55 amiT imis Tqma undaT, rom aqcesoroba bra-
lis mimarT ar vrceldeba. maSasadame, danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba Tanabraleulobis cnebas ar cnobs,
magram am debulebas sakmaod seriozuli gamocda
elis. kerZod, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba niSnavs
ori an meti piris ganzrax erTobliv monawileobas
ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenaSi (ssk-is 23-e muxli).
Tu ganzraxva bralis formaa, maSin xom ar niSnavs es
imas, rom danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobisas, maT So-
ris organizebulSi, adgili aqvs ganzrax erTobliv
moqmedebas, da, maSasadame, Tanabraleulobas? xom
ar unda vifiqroT, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi pasux-
ismgebloba wydeba TiToeuli Tanamonawilis bralis
5
Baumann ( Weber) Mitsch, Strafrect, Allgemeiner Teil, 1995, s. 519.
25
xarisxis Sesabamisad? sakiTxavia: Tanabraleulobis
uaryofa imitom xom ar xdeba, rom brali da negati-
uri pasuxismgebloba erTmaneTSia aRreuli?
6. ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi
miRebulia debuleba, rom sisxlisamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli danaSaulis Semadgen-
lobaa.66 Tumca, danaSaulis cnebis rusul modelSi
danaSaulis Semadgenloba, misi oTxi tradiciuli
elementiT (obieqtiT, obieqturi mxriv, subieqtiTa
da subieqturi mxriv) mTeli danaSaulia. amdenad,
am modelSi sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bis safuZvelia danaSauli. igive debulebaa gacxa-
debuli ssk-is me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi, romlis
Tanaxmad, sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvelia danaSauli.
debuleba, rom sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

blobis safuZvelia danaSauli, swori ar aris. jer
erTi, danaSauli, iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, mx-
olod maSin iTvleba Cadenilad, Tu igi dadasture-
bulia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeniT. am momentamde piri, Tavisi obieqturi
procesualuri mdgomareobis Tanaxmad, arabraleu-
lia. maSasadame, sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebuli da marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis
CadenaSi subieqtis bralis dadgenis gareSe negati-
uri sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba SeuZle-
belia. amdenad, sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia ara danaSauli, rogorc aseTi,
aramed brali. miTumetes, rom brali aris pasux-
ismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri aspeqtebis ka-
vSiris forma. kerZod, pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri
aspeqti (`pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba~) bralis, ro-
6
Курс Российского уголовного права, Обшая часть, М. 2001, стр. 161.
26
gorc ùpasuxismgeblobis~ sinonimis, safuZvelia,
xolo brali, Tavis mxriv, negatiuri pasuxismge-
blobis safuZvelia. 7
debuleba, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

blobis safuZvelia brali, vrceldeba danaSaulSi
Tanamonwileobazec, maT Soris organizebuli da-
naSaulis mimarTac. amdenad, limitirebuli aqceso-
roba, romelic TanamonawileTa bralis mimarT ar
vrceldeba, Riad tovebs danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obis, maT Soris, organizebuli danaSaulis, prob-
lematikaSi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlis proble-
mas.
7. germaneli kolegebi fiqroben, rom Tanamonawileo-
ba gulisxmobs ganzrax qmedebas, magram ara aucile-
blad braleuls. aq ganzraxva gagebulia wminda
fsiqologiurad da ara rogorc bralis forma.
amaze metyvelebs isic, rom qmedebis Semadgenlobis
struqturaSi Setanilia ganzraxva, magram marTl-
winaaRmdegobis Segnebis gareSe, radgan, am struq-
turaSi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis adgili
dadgenilia ganzraxvis Semdeg. 88 magram am mimarTe-
biT `ganzraxva~ gamoyenebulia iseT aspeqtSic, roca
igi bralis formis rolSi gamodis (magaliTad, roca
waqezebulma danamdvilebiT icis misi wamqezeblis
moqmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis garemoebani.99
sakiTxavia: Tu ganzraxva bralis forma araa, maSin
saidan miiReba brali? uformo Sinaarsi an uSinaar-
so forma SeuZlebelia.
8. cnobilia, rom `finalizmSi` ganzraxva da gaufrTx-
ilebloba bralis formebs ki ar warmoadgenen,
7
ix. g. naWyebia, brali, rogorc socialuri filosofiis kat-
egoria, Tb., 2001.
8
А. Е.Жалинский, Современное немецкое уголовное право, М., 2004, стр. 281.
9
iqve, gv. 218.
27
aramed qmedebis fsiqikur elementebs. Aam poziciidan
ki, rogorc Tavis droze sworad SeniSna r. buSma,1010
SeuZlebelia, jer erTi, danaSaulis momzadeba da
mcdeloba, da, meorec, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-
ba. marTlac, Tu ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba
bralis formebs ki ara, qmedebis fsiqikur elemen-
tebs warmoadgenen, maSin saqme exeba araiuridiul,
faqtobriv, fsiqologiur viTarebas. Aam poziciidan
ki danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba, rogorc iu-
ridiuli problema, SeuZlebelia. miT ufro SeuZle-
belia am poziciidan danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis,
rogorc iuridiuli problemis, mecnieruli ana-
lizi. kerZod, cnobilia, rom Tanamonawileoba dana-
SaulSi, Tavisi bunebiT, aqcesorulia, ese igi, dana-
SaulSi TanamonawileTa pasuxismgebloba damokide-
bulia amsruleblis pasuxismgeblobaze. Gganzraxvis,
rogorc bralis formis, uaryofiT uaryofilia da-
naSaulSi Tanamonawileobis iuridiuli xasiaTi da
aRiarebulia danaSaulSi faqtobrivi monawileoba.
Aam poziciidan ki, magaliTad, SualobiTi amsrule-
bloba SeuZlebelia, radgan is, vinc gamoyenebulia
danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRad, ese igi, Seuracxadi,
faqtobrivi Tanamonawileobis logikiT, danaSaulis
amsrulebeli aRmoCndeba, rac, ra Tqma unda, SeuZle-
belia. iuridiuli azrovnebis wesis mixedviT ki, Su-
alobiTi amsrulebelia Seracxadi piri, romelmac
danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRad gamoiyena Seuracxadi
piri, an is piri, romelic ganzrax Seiyvana Secdoma-
Si da mas gaufrTxileblobiT Caadenina danaSauli.
maSasadame, faqtobrivi wamqezebeli, ese igi, is, vinc
danaSaulis Casadenad gamoiyena Seuracxadi, iurid-
ulad amsrulebelia, xolo faqtobrivad amsrule-
beli iuridiulad danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRia.
10
R. Busch, Moderne Wandlungen der Verbrechenslehre, Tubingen, 1949.
28
amrigad, marTalia, organizebuli danaSaulis prob-
lema, rogorc Semdgomac davinaxavT, danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis problemas ar emTxveva, magram
misgan mowyvetilic araa.
9. sainteresoa organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg
agent-provokatoris operatiul-samZebro aspeqtiT
gamoyenebis problema da danaSaulis provokacia.
ssk-is 145-e muxli iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas
danaSaulis provokaciisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi faqti-
urad wamqezebeli, anu, provokatori iuridiulad
amsrulebelia provokaciisa, raTa pirs danaSauli
misi mxilebis mizniT Caadeninos. cxadia, provoka-
tori mis mier faqtobrivad waqezebuli danaSaulis
Tanamonawile ver iqneba. sul sxvaa organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg agent-provokatoris gamoy-
enebis (organizebuli jgufis wevrTa mxilebis miz-
niT) problema, romelic sakmaod rTuli da riski-
ania. gamosarkvevia, iyeneben Tu ara mas saqarTvelos
sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi?
10. organizebuli danaSaulis problema ukavSirdeba
iuridiuli piris sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problemas. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia kidec
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg gaeros zemoTxsenebuli konvenciis me-10
muxlSi. jer erTi, gamoricxuli araa organizebuli
jgufis Seqmna iuridiuli piris formaSi; meorec,
araa gamoricxuli danaSaulSi iuridiuli pirebis
monawileobac organizebuli danaSaulis formiT.
amdenad, es problemac gamosarkvevia saqarTvelos
sagamoZiebo-sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT.
11. organizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema pirda-
pir kavSirSia danaSaulis materialuri gansazRvre-
bis problemasTan. igulisxmeba qmedebis sazogadoe-
brivi (socialuri) saSiSroebis cneba. magaliTad,
29
did britaneTSi danaSaulSi TanamonawileTa day-
ofas amsruleblisa da damxmaris saxiT adgili aqvs
feloniis mimarT, xolo, Ralatis qmedeba imdenad
saSiSia, rom am qmedebaSi yvela Tanamonawile ganix-
ileba, rogorc amsrulebeli.11
12. organizatoris cneba, arc didi britaneTis kanonma
da dogmatikam, rogorc Cans, ar icis da, maSasadame,
aq organizebuli danaSaulis cnebac rTulia. rac
Seexeba imas, rom Ralatis maRali saSiSroeba faq-
tobrivad damxmaresac ki iuridiulad amsrulebels
uTanabrebs, _ uyuradRebod ver davtovebT. sam-
wuxarod, am mxriv saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsiT pozicia sakmaod bundovania. jer erTi,
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel
nawilSi danaSaulis cneba ganmartebulia wminda
formalurad, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleu-
li qmedeba. marTalia, amave muxlis meore nawilSi
meore mniSvnelobis qmedeba danaSaulad ar iTv-
leba, ese igi, TiTqos aRiarebulia danaSaulis so-
cialuri saSiSroeba, magram danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
mainc daxasiaTebulia, rogorc marTlsawinaaRm-
dego. magaliTad, bralis formebis sakanonmdeblo
gansazRvrebebSi (ix. ssk-is me-9 da me-10 muxlebi) da
sazogadoebrivi Tu socialuri saSiSroebis cneba
naxsenebic araa. meore mxriv, danaSaulis katego-
rizacia (ssk-is me-12 muxli) xdeba qmedebis simZimis
mixedviT, radgan marTlsawinaaRmdegobas, rogorc
qmedebis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sefasebas, xarisx-
ebi ar aqvs. qmedebis simZime ki, misi socialuri saSiS-
roebisgan mowyvetiT, ar arsebobs. amaze metyvelebs
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo
nawilSi organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis gamoyen-
11
Уголовное право зарубежных государств, Обшая часть, М., 2001, стр. 73.
30
ebis sazrisic. magaliTad, ssk-is 323-e muxlis meore
nawilis à~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, teroristuli aqti
SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes jgufurad. vinaidan, jgu-
furi danaSauli gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e muxlSi, romlis
mesame nawilSi aRwerilia organizebuli danaSaulis
niSnebi, amdenad igulisxmeba, rom teroristuli
aqti SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes organizebuli jgufis
mierac. magram es logikuri Tanamimdevroba yov-
elTvis daculi araa. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis mesame nawilis
à~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, qurdoba SeiZleba Cadenil
iqnes winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier, xolo
amave muxlis meoTxe nawilis à~ qvepunqtis mixedviT
ki, qurdoba SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes organizebuli
jgufis mierac. am SemTxvevaSi òrganizebuli jgu-
fi~ pasuxismgeblobas ufro amZimebs da amitom qur-
doba am viTarebaSi, ufro saSiSia, vidre qurdoba wi-
naswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier. maSasadame, dana-
Saulis cnebis formaluri gansazRvreba (ssk-is me-7
muxlis pirveli nawili) organizebuli danaSaulis
cnebas, iseve, rogorc mTeli rigi sxva danaSaulis,
magaliTad, yaCaRobis cnebas (ssk-is 179-e muxli) ar
Seesabameba.
13. organizebuli danaSaulis problema kidev ufro
gaRrmavdeba misi calkeuli gamovlinebebis speci-
fikis (magaliTad, trefikingis, fulis gaTeTrebis,
e.w. qurduli samyaros) kvlevis Sedegad. miT ufro,
rom organizebuli danaSaulis problema gamokv-
leuli iqneba sisxlis samarTlis procesis pozicie-
bidanac, rac am problemas ufro kompleqsurad war-
moaCens.
14. organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi erT-
erTi aqilevsis quslia am danaSaulebriv formaSi
31
qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis Tavisebu-
rebis dadgena. am sakiTxze msjeloba sakmaod rTu-
lia. jer erTi, Tu winaswar araa SemuSavebuli or-
ganizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi, am danaSaulebis
Cadenis meqanizms sworad ver warmovaCenT. meore
mxriv, danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis meqanizmis
gagebis gareSe organizebuli danaSaulis bunebis
warmoCena SeuZlebelia. aq, rogorc Cans, logikur
wreSi veqceviT, rac sazogadod damaxasiaTebelia
kvlevis sagnisa da meTodis TanafardobisTvis. am
mxriv yuradRebis Rirsia jgufuri qcevis socialur-
fsiqologiuri kanonzomiereba. fsiqologiurad am
mxriv sayuradReboa prof. b. xarazaSvilis (xornab-
ujelis) debuleba, rom danaSaulis fsiqologi-
urad qceva ki araa, aramed fsiqologiuri qcevis,
anu, motivisa da miznis ganxorcielebis xerxia.1212 am
poziciidan gamosakvlevia organizebuli danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevrTa motivaciis da miznis prob-
lemebi. es problematika, Tavis mxriv, gadajaWvulia
qmedebis Semadgenlobis problematikasTan. ker-
Zod, danaSaulis, rogorc aseTis, Cadena ki ar xdeba,
aramed xorcieldeba qmedebis konkretuli Semad-
genloba, romelic sxva araferia, Tu ara danaSaulis
Cadenis xerxi. magaliTad, qurdoba aris sxvisi moZ-
ravi nivTis faruli daufleba misi marTlsawinaaRm-
dego misakuTrebis mizniT, anu, qurdoba sxvisi moZ-
ravi nivTis dauflebis faruli xerxia.
rogorc Cans, qmedebis Semadgenlobis problema, miT

ufro rTulia. magram, am mxriv, saqmes gviadvilebs
umarTlobis cneba, radgan, sisxlisamarTlebrivi
usamarTloba, imis miuxedavad, Tu rogoria orga-
nizebul danaSaulSi monawileTa qcevis motivebi,
am pirTa sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
12
Б. В. Хорнабуджели, Психологическая сторона вины, Тб., 1981, стр. 6.
32
obieqturi da erTiani safuZvelia.
15. organizebuli danaSaulis kvlevis Sedegebi saSu-
alebas mogvcems, SevimuSaoT am mimarTebiT sakanon-
mdeblo winadadebani, romelnic Seexeba rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis zogad, ise kerZo nawils; araa
gamoricxuli sakanonmdeblo winadadebani rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis procesis, ise sasjelaRsrulebi-
Ti samarTlis aspeqtiT. garda amisa, am mimarTebiT
SevimuSaoT organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
kvalifikaciis wesebi, romlebic xels uwyobdnen am
mxriv saqmeze rogorc WeSmaritebis dadgenas, ise
qmedebis danaSaulad swori kvalifikaciis miRwevas.
bolos, organizebuli danaSaulis Rrma mecnieruli
kvleva saSualebas mogvcems, rigi Teoriuli sakiTxi
da tradicia gadaisinjos da axleburad dadges
sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis rigi fundamenturi
sakiTxi.
16. organizebuli danaSaulis cneba gansakuTrebulad
rTulia da amitomac, igi dRemde srulyofilad araa
mopovebuli. kerZod, organizebuli danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba sainteresoa, upirveles yovlisa, fsiqolo-
giurad, jgufuri qcevis fsiqologiuri kanonzom-
ierebis mixedviT. gansxvavebulia am mxriv social-
uri fsiqologiis miznebi da amocanebi, ramdenadac
am mimarTebiT saqme Seexeba fsiqikis socialurSi
gardaqmnis problemas. jgufi, rogorc cnobilia,
garkveuli socialuri ujredia, magram aq Tavise-
buria am jgufis fsiqikuri kavSir-urTierTobani,
jgufis wevrTa erTmaneTze gavlenis Tavisebureba-
ni, e. w. ganwyobis fsiqikuri da socialuri erTiano-
ba, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis
specifikuri sferoa.
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeba SeiZleba
33
Seswavlil iqnes wminda sociologiuradac, rogorc
garkveuli socialuri ujredi, romelic sazoga-
doebis sxva socialur struqturis fonze da mi-
marTebaSi iazreba. es bunebrivia, radgan am aspeqtiT
igulisxmeba organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeb-
is socialuri mizezebi da Sedegebi. miT umetes, rom
erTi romelime danaSaulebrivi jgufi sxva analo-
giuri dajgufebisagan mowyvetiT SeuZlebelia. am
TvalsazrisiT laparakia danaSaulebriv dajgufe-
baze Tu gaerTianebaze, romelTa zoma da saqmiano-
bis masStabi TviT sazogadoebis da masze agebuli
saxelmwifos zomasa da masStabzea damokidebuli.
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeba SeiZleba Seswav-
lil iqnes kriminologiuradac, ramdenadac aq igulisx-
meba sisxlis samarTlis da sociologiis gadakveTaze
arsebuli specifikuri problemebi. ar aris SemTxvevi-
Ti, rom organizebuli danaSaulis araerTi kriminolo-
giuri gamokvleva arsebobs.13
gasagebia, rom amgvari mravalwaxnagovani movlenis

erT zogad cnebaSi Camoyalibeba Zalian rTulia da mas
garkveuli samuSao hipoTezis daniSnuleba SeiZleba
hqondes. saqme isaa, rom organizebuli danaSaulis cne-
ba srulyofiladac rom iyos mopovebuli, mas mainc ar
SeuZlia sabolood gadawyvitos kanonmdeblis amocana.
kerZod, organizebuli danaSaulis konkretul Semad-
genlobaTa SeqmnisaTvis organizebuli danaSaulis
cneba, sakmarisi araa. magaliTad, arsebobs mkvlelobis
cneba, rogorc sxva adamianis sicocxlis marTlsawi-
naaRmdego da ganzraxi mospoba. mkvlelobis aRniSnuli
13
ix. z. wulaia, kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb.,
2005; krinimoloigia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, UTb., 2005; m. SalikaSvili, krinimolo-
gia, Tb., 2010.
34
cneba mniSvnelovania imisTvis, rom kanonmdebelma mkv-
lelobis Semadgenlobebis Seqmnaze ifiqros. magram, er-
Tia mkvlelobis cneba da sxvaa mkvlelobis konkretuli
Semadgenlobani, romelTa raodenoba sisxlis samar-
Tlis kerZo nawilSi sakmaod bevria. kerZod, arsebobs
mkvlelobis martivi Semadgenloba (ssk-is 108-e muxli),
romelsac Tan ar axlavs mkvlelobisaTvis pasuxismge-
blobis Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebani.
mkvlelobis am Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebac ki araa
erTnairi. erT SemTxvevaSi is xorcieldeba eWvianobis
niadagze, meoreSi _ SurisZiebisa, mesameSi _ sisxlis
aRebisa, meoTxeSi _ urTierTSelaparakebis niadagze.
sul sxvaa am mxriv mkvlelobis damamZimebeli garemoe-

bebi (ssk-is 109-e muxli), romlebic am saxis mkvlelobis
calkeul Semadgenlobebs warmoadgenen. da bolos, davas
ar iwvevs pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel garemoebeb-
Si Cadenili mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani.
mkvlelobis, rogorc danaSaulis, da mkvlelobis

calkeuli Semadgenlobebis es mokle SedarebiTi ana-
lizi imisaTvis dagWirda, rom is garkveulwilad gvex-
mareba sazogadod danaSaulis cnebisa da misi Semadgen-
lobis cnebis gamijvnis saqmeSi. kerZod, danaSaulis,
rogorc aseTis, Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed xorcield-
eba danaSaulis romelime konkretuli Semadgenloba.
magaliTad, Tu mkvlelobis, rogorc konkretuli da-
naSaulis, Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed xorcieldeba mkv-
lelobis romelime Semadgenloba, miT ufro SeuZlebe-
lia danaSaulis zogadi cnebis (ssk-is me-7 muxli) praq-
tikuli ganxorcieleba.
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSaulis cneba saWiroa

imisTvis, rom kanonmdebelma organizebuli danaSaulis
35
calkeuli Semadgenlobebis Seqmnaze izrunos, magram
organizebuli danaSaulis cneba am saxis danaSaulTa
sakanonmdeblo Semadgenlobebis Sesaqmnelad, rogorc
ukve iTqva, sakmarisi ar aris. saWiroa organizebuli
danaSaulis calkeul gamovlinebaTa Seswavla da anal-
izi, raTa am tipis danaSaulis TiToeuli Semadgenloba
maqsimalurad iyos miaxloebuli misi Cadenis SesaZle-
blobasTan. es arsebiTad damokidebulia kanonmdeblis
unarze, zustad daaxasiaTos ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba misi tipuri niSnebis mixedviT. meorenairad rom
vTqvaT, saqme exeba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
problemas. am mimarTebiT `Semoqmedeba~ savsebiT gamar-
Tlebulia, radgan arsebobs xelovnebisa da samarTlis
mTeli rigi analogiuri niSnebi. Tu mxatvruli Semo-
qmedebis cneba davas ar iwvevs, maSin arc `kanonSemoq-
medebis~ cneba unda iyos usafuZvlo. aq mokled vity-
viT, rom mxatvruli saxe da samarTlis norma mTeli rigi
analogiuri niSniT xasiaTdeba. Tu mecnierebaSi erTis
mecnieruli idea SeiZleba ganaviTaros meorem, mxat-
vrul SemoqmedebaSi es SeuZlebelia, radgan am sferoSi
àvtori~ imdenad personaluria, rom aq erTis mxat-
vrul ideas meore ver ganaviTarebs. Llado gudiaSvi-
lis Tu konstantine gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis sxvebis
mier ganviTareba SeuZlebelia. analogiurad, sisxlis
samarTlis sferoSi àvtori~ aris kanonmdebeli da mx-
olod mas SeuZlia ara marto Seqmnas sisxlis samarT-
lis kanoni, aramed cvlilebebi da damatebani Seitanos
masSi. aravis sxvas, garda kanonmdeblisa, am saqmianobis
dadgenili wesiT ganxorcieleba ar SeuZlia. meorec
samarTlis yoveli norma, iseve rogorc yoveli mxat-
vruli saxe, individualuri da ganumeorebelia, Tumca
analogiuri xasiaTis normebi xSiria. mesame, mxatvruli
Semoqmedeba sinamdvilis Semecnebis gareSe SeuZlebe-
lia, magram am SemoqmedebaSi mTavaria sinamdvilisadmi
36
RirebulebiTi damokidebuleba, am sinamdvilis is Se-
faseba, romelic mxatvrul saxeSi gamoixateba. analo-
giurad, kanonmdebeli kanonis Seqmnas sinamdvilis
SemecnebiT, anu, qmedebis Semadgenlobis SeqmniT ki ar
iwyebs, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, imis SefasebiT, Tu
rogoria is qmedeba, romelic kriminalizaciis anu da-
naSaulad sakanonmdeblo kvalifikaciis obieqti xdeba.
miT ufro, rom kanonmdebelma qmedebis samarTlebrivi
Sefaseba marTlwinaaRmdegobis meSveobiT unda gamoxa-
tos. magram man kriminalizaciis aqtis srulyofilad
ganxorcielebisaTvis qmedebis sazogadoebrivi Sefase-
bac unda gamoiyenos. kerZod, qmedebis sazogadoebrivi
Sefaseba imas niSnavs, rom is aris `sazogadoebrivad
saSiSi~, xolo misi oficialuri wesiT kriminalizaciis
Sedegad igi fasdeba, rogorc `marTlsawinaaRmdego~.
amrigad, organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da krimi-
nalizaciis Sesaxeb problemis es mokle monaxazic ki
adasturebs, rom dasmuli problema gansakuTrebiT
rTulia, magram am problemas kidev ufro arTulebs
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRm-
deg gaeros zemoTdasaxelebuli konvenciis ramdenime
debuleba, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis krimi-
nalizaciis kriteriumebs Seexeba.
§ 2. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminalizaciis kri-

teriumebi transnacionaluri organizebuli dana-
Saulis winaaRmdeg gaeros 2000 wlis 12 dekembris kon-
venciis me-5 muxlis mixedviT (mokle komentarebiT)
Aaq, pirvel rigSi, dasaxelebulia zogierTi ganzrax da-

naSauli, misi mcdelobis an faqtobrivad Cadenis Mmiuxe-
davad, Tu: a) Sedga SeTanxmeba erT an ramdenime pirTan
mZime danaSaulis Casadenad, pirdapiri an arapirdapiri
37
gziT materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT, Tu amas
iTvaliswinebs Sida kanondebloba; igulisxmeba erT-
erTi monawilis mier raime qmedebis faqtobrivi ganx-
orcieleba am SeTanxmebis realizaciisTvis, anda dam-
naSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileoba; b) ganxor-
cielda qmedeba, roca subieqti acnobierebs damnaSaveTa
organizebuli jgufis mizans an saerTo danaSaulebriv
saqmianobas, an jgufis ganzraxvas, Caidinos Sesabamisi
danaSaulebi, Tu igi amasTan aqtiur monawileobas iRebs
organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi, an
organizebuli jgufis sxva saqmianobaSi, imis gacno-
bierebiT, rom misi monawileoba xels Seuwyobs danaSau-
lebrivi miznis ganxorcielebas; g) damnaSaveTa organi-
zebuli jgufis monawileobiT Cadenili mZime danaSau-
lis organizeba, xelmZRvaneloba, xelSewyoba, waqezeba,
Ddaxmareba an rCevis micema.
rogorc vxedavT, aq organizebuli danaSaulis krimi-

nalizaciis ramdenime niSania gamokveTili, magram
amjerad yuradRebas mivaqcevT im garemoebas, rom
qmedebis akrZalvisTvis sakmarisia erT an ramdenime
pirTan danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba mZime
danaSaulis Casadenad, imis miuxedavad, Cadenilia Tu
ara gamiznuli danaSauli an misi mcdeloba. isic sayu-
radReboa, rom aq xazgasmulia sakiTxi danaSaulis Ca-
denis Sesaxeb im piris mier, romelic axorcielebs da-
naSaulebrivi jgufis mizans, an am ukanasknelis ganz-
raxvas, Cadenil iqnes danaSauli. bolos, organizebuli
jgufi, konkretul SemTxvevaSi, uSualod SeiZleba arc
monawileobdes danaSaulSi, magram monawileobdes iseT
organizaciul saqmianobaSi, romelic xels Seuwyobs am
jgufis mier danaSaulis Cadenas. Mmokled rom vTqvaT,
aRniSnuli konvencia saxelmwifoebs aZlevs rekomen-
dacias, moaxdinon kriminalizacia danaSaulis Casa-
38
denad pirTa jgufis SeTanxmebis momentidan, agreTve
danaSaulis CadenisTvis xelSewyobad CaTvalon orga-
nizebuli jgufis monawileoba raime sxva saqmianobaSi,
magaliTad, danaSaulis Casadenad raime organizaciuli
sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi (magaliTad, e. w. `kanonieri
qurdebis` TavyrilobaSi monawileoba maTi Semdomi dan-
aSaulebrivi saqmianobis efeqturi xerxebis SemuSavebis
an sxva taqtikuri sakiTxebis gadaWris mizniT).
garda amisa, am konvenciidan gamomdinareobs, rom or-

ganizebuli danaSauli danaSaulis Tanamonawileobis
erT-erT formas warmoadgens. amaze metyvelebs is gare-
moeba, rom am konvenciis me-5 muxlis erT-erTi qvepun-
qtis mixedviT, kriminalizacias eqvemdebareba organi-
zebuli jgufis formaSi mZime danaSaulis organizeba.
Aaq, rogorc Cans, laparakia danaSaulis organizatorze,
Tu am cnebas rusuli da qarTuli sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi tradiciebis mixedviT gavigebT; aqve saubaria orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis formaSi mZime danaSaulis Cadenis
xelmZRvanelobazec, waqezebazec da daxmarebazec. Aaq
gamoyenebulia termini `xelSewyoba,~ romelic TiTqos
`daxmarebis` sinonimia, magram ra vuyoT imas, rom `dax-
mareba~ calkea gamoyofili? Yyovel SemTxvevaSi, aq gam-
oyenebuli terminebi: mZime danaSaulis Cadenis òrga-
nizeba,~ `xelmZRvaneloba,~ `waqezeba~ da `daxmareba,~
rogorc wesi, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobaze mianiS-
neben. Eyovelive es ki, Cveni azriT, friad seriozul
siZneles qmnis, radgan organizebuli danaSauli, Tu is
Cveulebriv jgufur danaSaulSi ar agvereva, danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileobis tradiciul formebs ar emTxveva.
miT umetes, Tu organizebuli danaSauli struqturu-
li formis mqonea. rogorc Semdgom davinaxavT, organi-
zebul danaSaulSi, sul mcire, ori struqturuli day-
ofa mainc unda iyos, im angariSiT, rom am ori struqtu-
39
ruli danayofidan konkretuli danaSauli erTma mainc
Caidinos. xsenebuli konvenciis me-2 muxlSi, terminTa
ganmartebisas, naTqvamia, rom organizebuli jgufi niS-
navs `struqturuli formis mqone, sami an meti pirisgan
Semdgar jgufs.~ cxadia, sami kacisgan Semdgari jgufi,
Tu is damoukideblad moqmedebs, sruqturuli for-
mis mqoned ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radgan, igi Semdgom
struqturul dayofas ar eqvemdebareba. maSasadame,
struqturuli forma, rogorc ukve iTqva, sul mcire,
or struqturul dayofas mainc gulisxmobs. igulisx-
meba, rom es, ase vTqvaT, `samkaciani~ jgufi sxva struq-
turuli organizaciis ganayofia, mis interesebSi moq-
medi da misive funqciis matarebelia. amis gamo sakmaod
rTulia danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT dakvali-
ficirdes organizebuli danaSauli da misi konkretuli
formebi. cxadia, organizebuli danaSauli danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli formebisgan mowyvetiT
ar arsebobs, magram arc am tradiciul formebze ar
daiyvaneba.
§ 3. danaSaulSi àucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~

cneba da organizebuli danaSaulis bunebis problema
arsebobs organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi konkretuli

formebi, rogoricaa: trefikingi, qurduli cxovre-
bis wesi da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, agreTve
fulis gaTeTreba. kerZod, ufro konkretulad unda
moxdes qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebisa da krim-
inalizaciis sxva kriteriumebis analizi. miT ufro,
rom òrganizebuli danaSauli~ da `danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileoba,~ am mimarTebiT, igiveobrivi araa, radgan
organizebul danaSaulSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes iseTi,
romelic danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT dakvali-
ficirebuli ver iqneba. aseTia, magaliTad, e.w. àucile-
40
beli Tanamonawileobis~ formebi.14 aseTia, kerZod,
ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna, xelmZR-
vaneloba an masSi monawileoba (ssk-is 223-e muxli);
banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli); masobrivi areuloba
(ssk-is 225-e muxli) da zogierTi sxva. kerZod, arse-
bobs danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis ramdenime forma.
pirveli, am mxriv, aris danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba
rolebis ganawilebiT (organizatori, wamqezebeli da
damxmare), magram Tanamonawileobis formiT SeuZle-
belia dakvalificirdes, magaliTad, banditizmi, an
masobrivi areuloba, radgan am saxis danaSaulSi faq-
tobrivi monawileoba iuridiulad amgvar kvalifika-
cias ar eqvemdebareba. kerZod, bandaSi rigiTi monawile
arc organizatoria, arc wamqezebeli da arc damxmare,
imis miuxedavad, rom bandaSi SeiZleba iyvnen meorex-
arisxovani wevrebic. es miT ufro iTqmis masobrivi
areulobis Sesaxebac, radgan aq danaSaulSi faqto-
brivi monawileobaa, xolo iuridiulad sakiTxi wydeba
sxvagvarad. magaliTad, masobrivi areulobis mxolod
momwyobi, xelmZRvaneli, anda aqtiuri wevri SeiZleba
iqnes micemuli sisxlisamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi. am
mimarTebiT Tanaamsruleblobis wesic Sesamowmebelia.
mokled gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT e.w. qurduli

samyaros wevrobis cnebas ssk-is 2231-e muxlis mixed-
viT. aq arasworia gamoyenebuli cneba `kanonieri qur-
doba~, TiTqos qurdoba kanonieri SeiZleba iyos. cx-
adia, kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi hyavs piri, romelic
qurdul samyaroSi dadgenili wesis mimdevaria, magram
ukeTesi iqneboda, Tu aq Seicvleboda rogorc ter-
mini (`kanonieri qurdoba~), ise am muxlis Sinaarsi. jer
erTi, qurduli samyaro, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia
14
o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
ganmarteba, Tb., 2008, gv. 192.
41
organizebul danaSaulTan. amitomaa, rom e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdis~ cneba organizebul danaSaulTan kav-
SirSi ganixileba. sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, qurduli
cxovrebis wesis aRiareba araa sakmarisi, rom qmedebis
Semadgenloba Camoyalibdes. kerZod, qurduli cxovre-
bis wesi gulisxmobs am cxovrebis wesis aqtiur propa-
gandas, amgvari cxovrebis wesis gavrcelebis mizniT
masSi mozardebis, axalgazrdebis Cabmas, qurdul gar-
Cevebs da e.w. `qurdul sasamarTlos~ da sxva (magalTad,
qurduli salaros Seqmna). yovelive es ki imdenad sa-
SiSia, rom am qmedebis kriminalizacia aucilebeli iyo
da rCeba aseTad. amitom am mxriv ufro zusti sakanon-
mdeblo Semadgenlobis Seqmnis mizniT mizanSewonili
iqneboda miTiTeba qurduli cxovrebis wesis Tundac
ramdenime mavne, ganuyrel niSanze, raTa am mxriv bolo
moeRos iseT spekulaciebs, rom qarTuli saxelmwifo
TiTqos ebrZvis ara danaSauls, aramed azrs, survils
da sxva amgvar subieqtur fenomenebs. es saWiroa imi-
sTvis, rom pasuxismgebloba qurduli cxovrebis wesis
xasiaTs daukavSirdes. es bolos da bolos, saWiroa imi-
saTvis, rom qurduli cxovrebis mimdevars hqondes misi
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba. es ukanaskneli
ki, rogorc cnobilia, bralis aucilebeli normatiuli
wanamZRvaria.
§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba da

organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis kriminal-
izaciis problema
qmedebis danaSaulad saxelmwifoebrivi kvalifikaci-

isaTvis, anu organizebuli danaSaulis kriminalizaci-
isTvis, vfiqrobT, arsebiTia qmedebis sazogadoebrivi
saSiSroebis kriteriumi. marTalia, sazogadoebrivi sa-
SiSroebis cneba farTod iyo gamoyenebuli danaSaulis
42
materialuri daxasiaTebisTvis, danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bis SesaZlo formaluri gagebis da, Sesabamisad, Sesa-
Zloa ukanono msjavrdebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis, rac
am cnebis gamoyenebas amarTlebda kidec. magram, samwux-
arod, am cnebis gamoyenebas partiul-klasobrivi midg-
omis mizniTac iyenebdnen, ris gamoc is ideologiurad
brZolis frontis wina xazze moeqca. miT ufro, rom
sabWoTa kriminalistebi am ideologiur iaraRs moxerx-
ebulad iyenebdnen danaSaulis formaluri gansazRvre-
bisa da gagebis winaaRmdeg. danaSaulis cnebis amgvari
formaluri gansazRvreba, sabWoTa kriminalistebis
azriT, burJuaziul kriminalistebs danaSaulis cnebis
klasobrivi bunebis SesaniRbavad sWirdebodaT. isini
amiT TiTqos xazs usvamdnen burJuaziuli sazogadoe-
bis demokratiul xasiaTs, kerZod imas, rom rac kanoniT
ikrZaleba, _ is amave dros sazogadoebis nebas gamox-
atavs.
samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba yofil

sabWoTa kavSirSi ideologiuri xasiaTis fiqcia gax-
lavT, sabWoTa saxelmwifo ama Tu im qmedebis krimi-
nalizaciis dros am qmedebis TiTqos sazogadoebrivi
Sefasebidan amodis. sinamdvileSi ki kanonSemoqmedeba,
gansakuTrebiT sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi, saxelm-
wifos politikur-partiuli aparatisa da mmarTveli
biurokratiis suliskveTebiT xdeboda da am mxriv, sab-
WoTa sazogadoebas aravin arafers ekiTxeboda. amis
Sesaxeb prof. n. kuznecova, jer kidev 1977 wels werda,
roca igi exeboda sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoqmedebis
obieqtisa da principebis problemas. gansakuTrebiT Se-
maSfoTebeli aRmoCnda sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoq-
medebis iseTi principi, rogoricaa: demokratizmi, ese
igi, sisxlis samarTlis kanonSemoqmedebaSi sazogadoe-
briobis monawileobis xasiaTi da formebi. imis sabuTad,
43
Tu rogori iyo yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi sisxlis samar-
Tlis kanonSemoqmedebaSi sazogadoebriobis monawile-
obis xasiaTi, igi emyareboda iseT faqtobriv monacems,
rogorc iyo rsfsr sisxlis samarTlis 1960 wlis kode-
qSi ukanaskneli 14 wlis manZilze Setanili cvlilebebi.
irkveva, rom 1960 wlidan 1974 wlis CaTvliT Seicvala
daaxloebiT asamde norma.
avtori, am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, imiTac dainteres-

da, Tu vin iyo amodena sakanomdeblo cvlilebebis av-
tori. ssr kavSiris wamyvani saswavlo Tu samecniero-
kvleviT dawesebulebaTa (sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis
samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, moskovis saxelmwifo
universitetis sisxlis samarTlis kaTedra, peterbur-
gis, Soreuli aRmosavleTisa da sxva) TanamSromelTa
anketuri gamokiTxviT dadasturda, rom am cvlile-
bebSi dasaxelebuli dawesebulebebis mecnier-Tanam-
Sromlebs raime TvalSisacemi, aqtiuri monawileoba
ar miuRiaT. aqedan gamomdinare, avtori, TviTkritikis
saxiT, acxadebda, rom sabWoTa mecnier-kriminalistebi
sisxlis samarTlis normaTa maRali mecnieruli da-
muSavebiT ver daitrabaxeben. avtori marTebulad acxa-
debda, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonis socialuri gapi-
robebis problemaze TiTqmis araferi iwereba.15
amrigad, aSkara xdeba, rom yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi kan-

onSemoqmedeba maSindeli wamyvani samecniero centre-
bisa da mecnier-iuristebisgan gverdis avliT xdeboda.
gasagebia, rom amgvar viTarebaSi sabWoTa mmarTveli
aparati da biurokratia kanonSemoqmedebis sferoSi
sabWoTa sazogadoebas arafers SeekiTxeboda. aqedan
gamomdinare, danaSaulis cnebis materialur gansaz-
RvrebaSi `sazogadoebrivi saSiSroeba~ qmedebis TiTqos
15
Н. Ф. Кузнецова, Социальная обусловленноьсть уголовного закона,
`Правовые исследования“, Тб., 1977, стр. 42-43.
44
sazogadoebriv Sefasebas gamoxatavda, xolo sabWoTa
saxelmwifo, calkeul qmedebaTa kriminalizaciis dros,
TiTqos am sazogadoebriv Sefasebas iTvaliswinebda,
_ ideologiuri blefi gaxldaT da ara realoba. sxva
sakiTxia, Tu kriminalizaciisa da dekriminalizaciis
problemebi dResac aqtualuria, radgan maTi arsebiTi
mecnieruli Seswavla naklebad an saerTod ar xdeba. am
friad rTul da sadavo sakiTxebs aq dawvrilebiT ver
SevexebiT. aRvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom organizebuli
danaSaulis gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi saSiSroe-
ba davas ar unda iwvevdes, radgan am mimarTebiT `marTl-
winaaRmdegoba~ metismetad formaluria, maSin, roca
xsebuli danaSauli xelyofs ara mxolod erTi rome-
lime sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos ekonomikur, poli-
tikur Tu moralur safuZvlebs, aramed saerTaSoriso
marTlwesrigs, saxelwifoTa normalur urTierTobas
da safrTxes uqmnis RirebulebaTa im sistemas, romel-
sac msoflio sazogadoebrioba emyareba.
§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri daxa-

siaTebis cdebi saqarTveloSi
organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi

sainteresodaa warmoCenili erT-erT naSromSi, romelic
jer kidev adre gamoqveynda da `vardebis revoluciis`
Semdgomi viTareba masSi, rogorc Cans, asaxuli araa.
am naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom organizebuli danaSau-

lis problemas danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis prob-
lema ver amowuravs. aq naTqvamia, rom `Tanamonawileoba
xsnis mxolod funqciur damokidebulebebs da rolebs
jgufuri danaSaulebrivi qcevis meqanizmSi da arasak-
marisia organizebul danaSaulobasTan _ dakavSirebu-
45
li danaSaulobebis swori kvalifikaciisaTvis.`16 ufro
saintereso iqneboda is, Tu ra zogadi niSnebia dam-
axasiaTebeli organizebuli danaSaulisTvis. am mxriv
mokled SevexebiT dasaxelebul naSroms:
1. organizebuli danaSauli SedarebiT mdgradi sis-

temaa;
2. sistema, am mimarTebiT, aris organuli erTianoba
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis uzrunvelsayofad;
3. organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi aqtiurad
ereva (ereoda adre saqarTveloSi (g. n.) politikaSi;
amjerad viTareba Secvlilia. cxadia, iyo agresiuli
separatizmis faqtebi (samaCablo, afxazeTi), igi arc
sxva regionSia gamoricxuli (magaliTad, javaxeTSi),
magram amjerad es ukve warsuls ganekuTvneba ( g. n).
Oorganizebuli danaSaulis konkretuli niSnebi:
1. jgufi ideologizirebuli araa;

2. arsebobs organizaciuli ierarqia;
3. Zaladoba an misi gamoyenebis muqara;
4. jgufis wevroba SezRudulia;
5. aralegaluri warmoebis Sedegad mogebis miReba;
6. mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa aralegaluri saqon-
liT da momsaxurebiT;
7. saxelmwifo moxeleebis korumpirebuli nawilis
gamoyeneba saqmianobis usafrTxoebisTvis;
8. monopolizmi specialur saqonelze da momsaxure-
baze, ganawilebaze;
9. jgufis SigniT profesiuli specializacia;
10. konspiraciuloba;
11. saqmianobis dagegmva grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi.
Umecnierebi ufro konkretul niSnebsac asaxeleben:
16
kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005.
46
1. magaliTad, gamokveTili organizaciuli struqtura;
2. konspiracia;
3. socialuri kontrolis gansakuTrebuli sistema
(dazverva da kontrdazverva);
4. mniSvnelovani materialuri saxsrebi;
5. saqmianobis gafarToeba da swrafva monopolizacii-
saken;
6. organizebuli danaSaulis liderTa mier antisa-
zogadoebrivi ideologiis gavrceleba;
7. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi myofTa mimarT
daxmareba;
8. `gandgomilTa~ mimarT dasjis mkacri zomebi;
9. TavianTvis sasargeblo kanonebis lobireba;
10. damaSinebeli xmebis gavrceleba.
amave naSromSi nacadia klasifikacia organizebulobis

mixedviT: meore rigis organizacia _ saSualo donisaa,
jgufi myaria, or-sam kaciani qvestruqturiT. mesame
rigisa _ `kanonieri qurdebis~ tipisaa. Mmoqmedebs xan-
grZlivad. Lliderebis didi zegavleniT.
rac Seexeba politikuri partiis formiT Seqmnil orga-

nizebul jgufs, cxadia, saqarTveloSi viTareba arsebi-
Tadaa Secvlili. Mmagram vidre dRevandel saqarTveloze
visaubrebdeT, mokled DSevCerdebiT ruseTSi organize-
buli danaSaulis problemebze. am mizniT visargeblebT
organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb ornawiliani masal-
iT, romelSic `mrgvali magidis` egidiT, e. w. dialogis
wesiT, gadmocemulia Sexedulebani jer kidev sabWoTa
ruseTis ukanasknel periodSi arsebuli viTarebis Ses-
axeb (1989 w).
47
§ 6. organizebuli danaSaulis problema sabWoTa kav-
Siris miwuruls
organizebuli danaSaulis problema mTeli simZaf-

riT dadga yofili sabWoTa kavSiris miwuruls, ker-
Zod, 1988-1989 wlebSi, roca sabWoTa kriminalistebi da
kriminologebi, agreTve maSindeli samarTaldacviTi
organoebis warmomadgenlebi, ukve veRar malaven, rom
organizebulma danaSaulma mTeli sabWouri sistema
moicva. es is epoqaa, roca sabWoTa sazogadoeba da sax-
elmwifo Rrma da yovelmxriv krizisSia Cafluli da ga-
mosavali mxolod yofili sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevaa.17
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSauliTaa dezorga-

nizebuli MmTeli sabWoTa imperia: Eekonomika, gacvla,
ganawileba, vaWroba, _ yvelaferi organizebul krim-
inalTa xelSia. ukve aSkarad acxadeben, rom organize-
buli danaSauli sazogadoebis produqtia. Llaparakia
e. w. `mrgvali magidis~ garSemo Tavmoyril solidur
pirebze, romlebic ukve Tamamad saubroben sabWoTa
sazogadoebis winaaRmdegobebze da sabWoTa saxelmwi-
fos politikur ryevebze. Oaq motanilia cnobebi moral-
urad gaxrwnil adamianebze, maT devizze: `gamoiyene so-
cializmis naklovanebani, raTa icxovro komunizmSi.~
xolo, am etapze organizebul danaSaulTa sistemaSi
gamoirCevian danaSaulebrivi liderebi, rogorc umaR-
lesi kastis warmomadgenlebi, gansakuTrebiT kanon-
ieri qurdebi, romlebic qcevis zogad wessa da xazs
amuSaveben da qmnian danaSaulebriv dajgufebebs (gv.
12-13.). isini awyoben e. w. Sexvedrebs, yrilobebs, kre-
bebs, romelTac aqvT organizaciul-mmarTvelobiT-ma-
koordinebeli xasiaTi. Aam SexvedrebSi monawile pirebi
konkretul danaSaulebriv qmedebebs ar sCadian, xolo
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi mxolod konkretul dana-
17
Организованная преступность, М., 1989.
48
Saulebriv qmedebas iTvaliswinebs, organizatorebi ki,
kanonis miRma rCebian. Uufro metic, es pirebi aSkarad
gamoxataven cxovrebis im wess, romelic legaluri ver
iqneba. maT xelSia didi odenobiT materialuri saxsre-
bi, xolo, es, Tavis mxriv, qmnis politikur pretenziebs,
xelSi Caigdos saxelmwifo xelisufleba (gv. 16-17). MmiT
ufro, rom ekonomikis sferoSi danaSaulis Camden pir-
Ta 80% warmoeba-dawesebulebis Tanamdebobis pirebia.
1986-1988 wlebSi gamovlinda 50 aseTi Rrmad konspiri-
rebuli jgufi. Aaq saxezea Tanamdebobis korumpire-
bul pirTa kavSiri organizebul danaSaulTan. Aaq ukve
laparakoben sabWoTa mafiazec (gv. 20-21).
laparakia ori cnebis gansxvavebaze: 1. organizebuli

danaSauli da 2. danaSaulis organizebuloba. saubari
iyo danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis niSnebzec.
danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba pirTa myari gaerTianebaa,

romelsac aqvs ramdenime niSani: saerTo amocanebis ga-
dasawyvetad finansuri baza; ierarqiuli struqtura;
rolebis mkveTri ganawileba, rac movaleobaTa ganawile-
basac niSnavs; mkacri disciplina, romelic sakuTar
wesebs emyareba da dumilis kanons moicavs ( gv. 24-25).
aq laparakia kanonieri qurdebis dausjelobis Sesax-

ebac. motanilia saqarTvelos magaliTi, roca 80-iani
wlebis Sua xanebSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa samin-
istrom Caatara masStaburi operacia kanonieri qur-
debis pasuxisgebaSi misacemad, amasTan, axali tipis
kanonieri qurdebisa, romlebic danaSaulobis xarjze
parazitobdnen, magram ara danaSaulze. 1986 wlis Sua
ricxvebSi msjavrdebuli iqna am titulis 52 adamiani.
sainteresoa, ra SeeracxaT maT bralad? 4 maTgani gasa-
marTlda administraciuli zedamxedvelobis wesis
49
darRvevisTvis, 9 _ mawanwalobisTvis da sxva parazit-
uli cxovrebisTvis, 14 _ iaraRis ukanono tarebisTvis,
19 _ narkotikebTan ukanono operaciisTvis (ssr ssk-is
252-e muxli. gv. 39).
gasagebia, rom arc erTi `kanonieri qurdi~ organizebu-

li danaSaulisaTvis pasuxisgebaSi micemuli ar yofila.
aq isicaa naTqvami: Znelia pasuxisgebaSi misce piri

imisTvis, rom is materialurad exmareba patimrobaSi
myof pirs da mis ojaxs; an imisTvis, rom danaSaulis am-
srulebels darTos neba, naqurdali xarjos ZviradRi-
rebul restoranSi, daisvenos kurortze, sul didi _
es pirebi daisajon daxmarebisaTvis, magram ara dana-
Saulis organizebisTvis.
rogorc Cans, sazogadoeba ise gaixrwna, rom fulad-

sasaqonlo urTierTobis sagani xdeba Tanamdebobebi,
wodebebi, jildoebi, partiuloba, marTlmsajuleba, da
es yvelaferi dafarulia sxvadasxvagvari demagogiiT.
swored am faqtebze yalibdeba momwamvleli ideologi-
uri Sedegebi _ nacionalizmi, Sovinizmi, usulguloba,
momxmarebloba, anarqia da a.S. ( gv. 78-77).
laparakia Crdilovan ekonomikaze, imaze, rom ukanonod

brunavs miliardebi, xolo, danaSaulebrivma dajgufe-
bebma gavlenis sferoebisaTvis daundobeli brZola
daiwyes (gv. 85). isev da isev msjeloben kanonier qur-
debze, romlebic dausjelad parazitoben organize-
bul danaSaulobaze, awyoben legalur Sexvedrebs, asa-
marTleben maTi kodeqsiT im pirebs, vinc policiasTan
TanamSromlobaSia mxilebuli (gv. 108-109).
aq motanilia faqtebi, roca sisxlis samarTlis kod-
50
eqsi iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas sxvadasxva saxis
organizebuli danaSaulisTvis, magaliTad, banda, Tav-
isuflebis aRkveTis adgilebze dezorganizaciisTvis,
magram roca laparakia mafiaze, romelic aerTianebs da-
naSauls ekonomikis sferoSi (datacebebi, meqrTameoba,
xelisuflebis borotad gamoyeneba), maTTvis kanoni ar
aRmoCnda. Aarada, im droisTvis, rogorc Cans, cxovre-
bis wesad iqca saqmosnoba, Zaladoba, Zaladobis muqara,
dawiokebebi, roca bavSvebis gatacebis muqariT iZule-
bulni iyvnen gadaecaT maTTvis qonebrivi sargebeli,
xolo aman kidev ufro gaamwvava viTareba sxvadasxva
klanebs Soris.
kanonieri qurdebis Taobaze policias aqvs cnobebi:

isini ikribebian, wyveten danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis
sakiTxebs, qmnian salaros, konfliqtebis gadasaWrelad
_ qurdul sasamarTlos (yvelaze ufro avtoritetuli
kanonieri qurdebisagan). aq iqmneba ucnauri viTareba:
gamoiyofian pirebi, romlebic konkretul danaSauls
ar sCadian, magram iReben gasamrjelos organizebuli
jgufis wevrTa konsolidaciisTvis, Semdgom saWiro
gaxda marTvis sistema, ierarqia, Sinagani moqmedebis
normebisa da pasuxismgeblobis zomebis SemuSaveba,
wevrebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, Tanamdebobis
pirTa mosyidva da Cabma, xolo yvelaze ufro avto-
ritetulni qmnian elitas. A
organizebuli danaSauli adamianTa didi nawilis cx-

ovrebis wesi xdeba (gv. 119-120).
organizebuli danaSaulis politikuri Sedegebi: xdeba

saxelmwifos marTvis konstituciuri formebis de-
valvacia. liderebi saxels utexen oficialur struq-
turebs, isini TiTqos samarTlianobis dasamyareblad
51
moqmedeben. meorec, diskreditacias uweven oficial-
ur struqturebs da amtkiceben, rom marTavs simdidre,
fuli; saqme icvleba fulis diqtaturiT. (gv. 120-121);
axali tipis kooperativebi ukanono Semosavlebis gaTe-
Trebis sfero aRmoCnda. danaSauli – sakmaod bevri so-
cialuri jgufis cxovrebis wesi gaxda (gv. 141).
danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis
kanonis gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli xdeba. rogor SeiZleba
daisaxos samarTaldamcav organoebTan urTierTobis
zogadi strategiis SemuSaveba, an saerTo salaros Seqm-
na da gankargva, qurduli sasamarTlo; qurdebSi miRe-
buli normebis dacva, Tundac danaSaulebrivi gziT
miRebuli Tanxis ganawileba, _ yvelaferi es xom am da-
naSaulebrivi dajgufebis marTvis sferos ganekuTvne-
ba? (gv. 165). A
arc erTi erTi sisxlis samarTlis saqme am adamianebze

ar aRZrula (gv. 166).
arada, advilad SeiZleboda qurduli cxovrebis wesis

elementebis dadgena, maTi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis
Sefaseba, rom maTi qmedeba yofiliyo danaSauli _ miT
ufro ideologiuri fonidan gamomdinare, rogorc es
mogvianebiT moxda saqarTveloSi.
sainteresoa isic, rom kanonieri qurdebis mimarT Tana-

monawileobis normebs ver iyenebdnen (gv. 167). qurduli
cxovrebis wesi iyo danaSaulebrivi da is unda yofili-
yo akrZaluli.
am SemTxvevaSi principi igivea: konkretul saqmosanTa

gamo Sejaxeba anu konfliqti, xolo Semdeg piramidis
momdevno sarTulis mosamarTlis mier maTi SeTanxmeba.
amasTan, naTelia, rom rac ufro maRalia sarTuli, miT
52
ufro Sorsaa amgvari mosamarTle iuridiuli pasux-
ismgeblobisgan (gv. 172-73).
am tipis organizebul danaSaulTa liderebi sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan Sors Aarian Dda
amitom ase xangrZlivad inarCuneben mdgomareobas.
Mmotanilia monacemebi, roca bankSi 280 miliardidan 50
miliardi muTaqebSia, qurdebis wili 33 miliardi mane-
Tia (gv. 210-211).
aseTi mdgomareoba ideologiurad wamlavda axalgaz-

rdobas, xrwnida sazogadoebas. ideologiuri gaxrwnis
nimuSebi ideali sisulelea.Mnaklebad ifilosofose.
Ggaxsovdes, rom cxovrebaSi mTavaria fuli. yvela qur-
dobs da patiosneba donkixotobaa, sindisi moZvelebu-
li cnebaa, qrTami cudi terminia, nu iyeneb am termins,
icxovre da mieci saSauleba sxvebs, icxovron. rac ufro
mets qurdob, meti iyvire sifxizlis Sesaxeb. daixsome:
dauWereli qurdi – qurdi araa. kanoni amaSi mogexmare-
ba (gv. 212-213).
organizebul danaSaulze saubris dros unda iyos or-

ganizatori, struqturuli ierarqia, erTiani mizani,
rolebis ganawileba, danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis sagani
(gv. 260-261).
rac Seexeba mosazrebas kanonis Sesaxeb, aq winaaRmde-

gobrivi msjelobebia. erTi mxriv, Cveulebrivi Tana-
monawileobis wesiT saqme ver wydeba, magram danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba TiTqos Tanamonawileobis formiT
xdeba (gv. 274-275). aris Tu ara danaSaulebrvi dajgufe-
ba Tanamonawileobis forma?
aris winadadeba, rom Camoyalibdes danaSaulebrivi
53
gaerTianeba Semdegnairad: `danaSaulebriv gaerTiane-
bad CaiTvleba ori an meti piris myari, mtkice gaer-
Tianeba, romelic winaswar iqna organizebuli mZime
danaSaulis Casadenad~ (gv. 275). s. diakovi: `jer erTi,
amgvari organizebuli jgufi Tanamonawileobis wesiT
ver daisjeba. aq Zneli iqneba wamqezeblis da damxmaris
gamoyofa. miT ufro, Tu kanonieri qurdia _ aq is faq-
tobrivad organizatoria, magram iuridiulad is mainc
calkea, rogorc dajgufebis xelmZRvaneli. am mxriv sain-
teresoa italiis kanonmdeblobis analizi~ (gv. 280-281).
b.emelianovi cdilobs TanamonawileobiT gavides fons

(gv. 296). asaxelebs banditizms, rac, Cveni azriT, Tana-
monawileobis formas ar warmoadgens.
diskusiaSi, samwuxarod, mxedvelobaSi miRebuli araa,

rom danaSaulis Cadena zogadad SeuZlebelia. magali-
Tad, emelianovi ayalibebs normas, romlis Tanaxmad,
piri pasuxs agebs zogadi danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bisaTvis (gv. 288). Ggaugebaria, romeli danaSaulis Semad-
genlobaa.
saqme isaa, rom danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis erT-erT

saxed miCneulia kanonieri qurdebis Tavmoyra, magram aq
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesi ar moqmedebs, rad-
gan yoveli kanonieri qurdi aris amsrulebelic, or-
ganizatoric da wamqezebelic. qurduli ideologiis
danergvaSi yvelas Tavisi wili aqvs da pasuxismgebloba
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli wesiT ar nawildeba.
damaxasiaTebelia, rom n. struCkovi ayalibebs normebs

jgufuri danaSaulis Sesaxeb da xazs usvams imas, rom
jgufur danaSaulSi yvela monawile amsrulebelia,
xolo amsrulebelTa Soris SeiZleba gamoiyos organi-
54
zatori (gv. 323-324). gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga
kanonieri qurdebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis problema. iTqva, rom yvelaze didi saSiSroebiT
xasiaTdebian organizebuli danaSaulis umaRlesi eSel-
onebi. maTi koordinirebuli moqmedeba gansakuTrebiT
saSiSia, magram maTi es moqmedeba arc erTi moqmedi
normiT ar kvalificirdeba. es imiT aixsneba, rom isini
organizebas uweven ara danaSauls, aramed damnaSaveo-
bas. kerZod, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar
eqvemdebareba arc is, rom vinme Tavs am samyaros wevrad
miiCnevs, arc is, rom qurdul salaroSi gadairicxeba
asobiT aTasi da zogjer milionobiT maneTi; arc is, rom
isini monawileoben qurdul SexvedrebSi, sadac wydeba
qurduli samyaros strategiuli da taqtikuri sakiTx-
ebi, arc koordinaciuli qmedebani, arc is, rom isini
amuSaveben samarTaldacviT organoebTan maTi damok-
idebulebis sakiTxebs, maT Soris saxelis gamtexi dem-
agogiiT _ ar isjeba (gv. 333). amitom iyo gamoTqmuli
mosazreba yvela am qmedebis dasjis Taobaze (gv. 333).
organizebuli danaSauli _ meore nawili, 1993. aq
motanilia cnobebi, romlebic kanonieri qurdebis aq-
tiurobaze metyveleben. Aarasruli monacemebiT, reg-
istrirebul iqna qurduli garCevis 305 SemTxveva, ma-
Sin rodesac 1991 wels iyo 144. mokluli iqna 123 kaci,
daWril iqna 280. garCevebSi sul monawileoba miiRo
2339 adamianma.18
damaxasiaTebelia, rom 1990 wlisTvis gadasinjul iqna
policiis TanamSromlebisa da yofili Cinovnikebis
sisxlis samarTlis saqme maTi pasuxismgeblobisagan
gaTavisuflebis mizniT, xolo aman korufciuli dana-
Sauli kidev ufro gaamwvava.19
gamosavals eZeben organizebuli danaSaulis cnebaSi

18
Организованная преступность, II часть. М., 1993. стр 26.
19
iqve, gv. 32.
55
maTi calkeuli gamovlinebebis gareSe,20 rac imaze me-
tyvelebs, rom aq jer kidev ar ician, Tu rogor xdeba
danaSaulis Cadena?
am droisaTvis organizebuli danaSauli politikur

miznebs isaxavs da ukavSirdeba terorizms, romelic
politikuri brZolis meTodi xdeba. igi sul ufro
masStaburi xdeba da ukavSirdeba politikur eqstrem-
izms. iwyeba farTo masStabiT yidva-gayidva iaraRisa da
narkotikisa.21
a. dolgova aqac svams kiTxvas, ra konkretuli forme-

biT vlindeba organizebuli danaSauli, ra qmedebebSi
gamoixateba igi da ra RonisZieba unda davupirispiroT
maT. Aavtori asaxelebs organizebuli danaSaulis oTx
mTavar niSans: 1. winaswari SeTanxmeba; 2. danaSaulebri-
vi saqmianobis dagegmva; 3. danaSaulebrivi rolebis
ganawileba; 4. pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis daRwevis me-
Todebi da xerxebi. avtori aseve axasiaTebs organize-
buli danaSaulis mraval formas, magram sainteresoa,
ra ganasxvavebs amaTgan ufro maRal danaSaulebriv
dajgufebebs, romlebic saqmianobis specifikuri xerx-
ebiT gamoirCevian.22
am sakiTxze avtoris msjelobidan Cans, rom mas ainter-

esebs ufro zogadi da maRali forma organizebuli
danaSaulisa, rogoricaa, danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba.
Aaq ufro imazea laparaki, rom am dajgufebebSi didad
zrunaven maTi qcevis normebze, maT ideologiaze, usa-
frTxoebaze, dazvervasa da kontrdazvervaze da a.S. am
tipis organizebuli danaSaulisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
lia Semdegi:
20
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv. 36.
21
iqve, gv. 50-53.
22
iqve, gv. 99.
56
1. arsebobis simyare da xangrZlivoba;
2. danaSaulebrvi saqmianobis programireba cvaleba-
di socialuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve,
socialuri kontrolisa da kanonierebis mdgomare-
obis mixedviT, Tavis saqmianobaSi samecniero-teqni-
kuri miRwevebis gamoyeneba;
3. maqsimaluri mogebis miRebis mizani da am miznis mis-
aRwevad oficialuri struqturebis gamoyeneba;
4. wevrebs Soris funqciebis gamijvna, roca zogadi
organizaciuli saqmianoba da konkretuli danaSau-
lebrivi qmedeba erTmaneTs ar emTxveva;
5. saerTo materialuri faseuloba, qcevis saerTo
normebi da maTdami morCileba.
6. sakuTari uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofa, rac gulisx-
mobs oficialuri saxelmwifo organoebis neitral-
izacias, mosyidvas, rac organizebuli danaSaulisa
da korufciis mWidro kavSirze miuTiTebs. Aavtori
ar uaryofs jgufur datacebebs, jgufur kontra-
bandas, magram fiqrobs, rom maT ukan dgas farTo
masStabis danaSaulebrivi organizacia23.
s. vaniuSkini xazs usvams imas, rom kanonieri qurdebi,

miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi maTgani sasjels ixdis,
gavlenas axdenen TavisuflebaSi myof kanonier qurde-
bze. organizebul danaSaulSi aRsaniSnavia eTnikuri
momentic. magaliTad, CeCnuri dajgufeba ruseTSi24.
arseboben e. w. gastroliorebi, romlebic sxvadasasxva
adgilas sCadian danaSauls, maT Soris kanonier qur-
debTan kavSirSi25.
organizebul danaSauls kavSiri aqvs sazRvargareTis

danaSaulebriv organizaciebTan (magaliTad, impor-
23
Организованная преступность, dasax. naSromi, gv.102-103.
24
iqve, gv. 106-108.
25
iqve, gv. 108.
57
tuli avtomanqanebis qurdoba. qarTuli da amerikuli
mafiebis (koza-nostra) kavSiri sakredito operaciisa
TaRliTuri gziT26.
kanonieri qurdebi sul 276 adamiani iyo. maT gamoyo-
fili hqondaT garkveuli teritoria, ZiriTadSi Tav-
moyrilni iyvnen moskovSi, sadac iyo maTi centri da
mimdinareobda maTi kurTxeva27.
kanonieri qurdebi aqtiurad uweven propagandas qur-

dul kanonebs, tradiciebs, xolo amas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba, gansakuTrebiT 90-ian wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris
dangrevis Semdeg, roca axali juris kriminalebma
kanonier qurdebTan mitmasnva da maTi avtoritetiT
sargebloba daiwyes28.
Butenini aRniSnavs, rom yuradRebas iqcevs qurduli

salaro. isini gansxvavdebian daniSnulebisa da Tanxis
moculobis mixedviT. magaliTad, kirovSi sami aseTi
salaro gaixsna, romelSic gadaricxul iqna 3, 4 an 5 mil-
ionamade maneTi. salaros xelmZRvaneloben warsulSi
nasamarTlevi pirebi. es salaroebi Seivsebian danaSau-
lebrivi gziT mopovebuli fuladi saxsrebiT, zonebi-
dan, azartuli TamaSebidan mogrovili TanxebiT.
irkutskSi, imis gamo, rom iq moqmedebda qarTuli da

rusuli dajgufeba, ramdenime salaro Seiqmna. qarTul-
ma dajgufebam xuTi salaro Seqmna: 50-dan 30 milion
maneTamde. rusulma dajgufebam ki 300-400 aTasi maneTi
gadaricxa. am Tanxebis nawili kanonieri qurdebis piro-
biT vadamde gaTavisuflebas moxmarda.Mmagram ufro sa-
SiSi iyo am salaroebis legalizacia, komerciul saqmi-
anobaSi am fulis gamoyeneba _ kazinoebis, miwebis Se-
syidvisTvis da sxva. amis gamo yoveli mesame kriminali
26
27
iqve, gv. 111.
28
iqve, gv. 111.
58
– biznesmeni xdeba29.
i. adaSkeviCi gamoyofs organizebuli danaSaulis Sem-

deg niSnebs: 1. Rrma konspiracia da dumilis kanoni;
2. sisxlis samarTlis kanonisa da saproceso kanonis
xarvezebis gamoyeneba. pasuxismgeblobis diskretulo-
bis principis moqmedeba, ese igi erTi romelime jgufis
likvidacia ar iwvevs sistemis moSlas. xelisuflebis
korumpirebul pirebTan kavSiri; wevrebis Sinagani usa-
frTxoeba; farTo gaqaneba da saqmianobis didi masStabi.
masobrvi informaciebis saSualebebis mosyidva30. M
isev da isev aqcenti keTdeba Tanamonawileobaze. magal-

iTad, a. beliavi sisxlis samarTlis kanonis zogad
nawilSi ayalibebs normas, romelic danaSaulebriv or-
ganizacias moicavs. misi azriT, zogadi nawilis normaSi
danaSaulebrivi organizacia ase SeiZleba Camoyalib-
des: `danaSaulebriv organizaciad (dajgufebad) CaiT-
vleba pirTa myari jgufi, romelic struqturulad da
funqcionalurad daniSnulia danaSaulis sistemat-
urad CadenisTvis.`
jer erTi, ase zogadad da abstraqtulad danaSaulis

Cadena ar xdeba, raRac konkretuli forma unda iyos
gamokveTili. meorec, gaugebaria, aris Tu ara aq Tana-
monawileoba? romeli formis? avtori laparakobs or-
ganizatorze, magram ucnobia aq rolebi nawildeba Tu
adgili aqvs Tanaamsruleblobas?
SemTxveviTi araa, rom avtori iZulebulia kerZo nawil-

Si Camoayalibos norma, roca piri qmnis danaSaulebriv
organizacias an xelmZRvanelobs mas.
29
30
iqve, gv. 118-119.
59
§ 7. organizebuli danaSaulis problema postsabWo-
ur sivrceSi
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevisa da postsabWouri sistemis

Camoyalibebis Semdeg kidev ufro mwvaved dadga orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis problema, radgan ukve araviTar
eWvs ar iwvevda metad saSiSi da dRiTi-dRe mzardi re-
aloba iseTi danaSaulisa, romelsac organizebuli
xasiaTi aqvs. saqme ukve Seexeboda ara am tipis danaSau-
lis miCqmalvas, rasac garkveuli ideologiuri motive-
biT adgili hqonda yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi, aramed,
piriqiT, mis gamovlenas da Seswavlas. uU kve cxadi gaxda,
rom sazogadoebas saqme aqvs iseT saSiS gamowvevasTan,
rogoricaa organizebuli danaSauli. aq ukve sakmarisi
ar iyo Jurnalisturi paTosiT gamsWvaluli `mrgvali
magidebi` da calkeul sensaciebze agebuli emociuri
bWobani, romelTac Cven ukve gavecaniT. saWiro iyo Rrma
mecnierul klevaze damyarebuli daskvnebi, raTa am
mxriv efeqturad amoqmedebuliyo tradiciuli samarT-
lebrivi xerxebi da meTodebi, romlebic organizebul
danaSauls daupirispirdebodnen. aA m mxriv bevri ram iTq-
va da daiwera. zogierT maTgans aq mokled SevexebiT.
erT-erT kriminologiuri tipis naSromSi, rogorc

Cans, ufro dinji bWobis Sedegad, iTqva, rom organize-
buli danaSauli aris damnaSaveobis erT-erTi rTuli,
saSiSi saxe, romelic xelyofs sazogadoebis ekonomi-
kur, politikur, samarTlebriv Tu zneobriv sferos.
amis miuxedavad, irkveva, rom msoflio kriminologiaSi
jer kidev araa SemuSavebuli organizebuli danaSaulis
cneba. marTalia, aris cdebi am danaSaulis cnebis Camo-
yalibebisa, magram, rogorc Cans, es iseTi zogadia, rom
igi kanonmdebels ar gamoadgeba. dasaxelebul saxelmZ-
RvaneloSi ki nacadia am tipis danaSaulis niSnebis gamo-
yofa da analizi.31 am mxriv, pirveli niSania pirTa gaer-
31
dasax. naSromi, Криминология, М., 1977.
60
Tianeba sistematuri danaSaulebrivi saqmianobisTvis.
Aaq aSkaraa organizebul danaSaulSi monawileTa ier-
arqia, maTi urTierTdaqvemdebareba da mkacri disci-
plina ruseTis damnaSaveTa samyaros mier dadgenili
qcevis normebis SesrulebaSi. jgufSi Zalaufleba Tav-
moyrilia erT an ramdenime lideris xelSi. rac Seexeba
monawileebs, maTi ricxvi xuTidan ramdenime aseulamde
da zogjer aTasamdec meryeobs.
rac Seexeba danaSaulebrivi jgufis organizebulobis

xarisxs, is damokidebulia rogorc socialur, ise ekono-
mikur, Tu geografiul faqtorebze. g G arda amisa, jgufis
SigniT gamoiyofian, magaliTad, e. w. `boevikebi,~ dacvis
samsaxuri, dazvervis, finansuri momsaxurebis da sxva.
aq ukve naxsenebia danaSaulebrivi organizacia, romel-

sac, Tavis mxriv, aqvs Semdegi niSani: 1.saerTo materi-
aluri baza, saTanado safinanso angariSebiT Tu uZravi
qonebiT; 2. oficialuri safari daregistrirebuli
sawarmos, kooperativis, kazinos da sxvaTa saxiT; 3. xe-
lmZRvanelobis kolegialuri organo, romelSic Ta-
nasworobis sawyisebze monawileoben; 4. organizaciis
saqmianobis wesdeba, misi darRvevisTvis reagirebis
zomebiTurT; 5. ierarqiuli funqcionaluri sistema,
qvesistema, maTi koordinacia centrTan da regionTan;
6. gansakuTrebuli enobriv-cnebobrivi sistema, Jargo-
ni, metsaxelebi da sxva; 7. informaciuli baza (dazverva
da kontrdazverva); 8. Tavisi xalxi xelisuflebis, sasa-
marTlo da samarTaldacviT organoebSi.
Aaq danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis gansakuTrebul for-

mad aRiarebulia e. w. kanonieri qurdebis gaerTianeba.
Akanonieri qurdebis Sesaxeb specialistebma didxans
araferi icodnen, raSic mTavari iyo da aris am tipis
61
danaSaulis Zalian maRali konspiracia, mkacri krimi-
naluri tradiciebi, maTi dacvis gansakuTrebuli
wesebi, rac danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis am formas
organizebulobis formas aniWebs. sadReisod 800-ze
meti adamiania gaerTianebuli. Tanamedrove kanonieri
qurdi _ es danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis organizato-
ria, romelic Tavis saqmianobis ZiriTad sferod irCevs
rekets, qurdobas, TaRliTobas. Tumca irkveva, rom am
tipis kriminalebs Soris moxda garkveuli ideologi-
uri ganxeTqileba imis gamo, rom axali tipis qurdebi
amyareben kavSirs xelisuflebis korumpirebul war-
momadgenlebTan, rac qurdul kanons ar Seesabameba.
Zvelebi axlebs adanaSauleben imaSi, rom isini xelisu-
flebis korumpirebuli warmomadgenlebis damcvelebi
gaxdnen, xolo axlebi Zvelebs imaSi adanaSauleben, rom
isini cxovrebas CamorCnen da mas fexi ver auwyves.
organizebuli danaSaulis meore mTavar niSnad

dasaxelebulia misi ekonomikuri safuZveli, rac am ti-
pis danaSaulis ZiriTadi warmmarTveli motivia. orga-
nizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis wevrebis mxriv
kanonis darRvevas is mizani aqvs, rom danaSaulebri-
vi gziT miaRwion gamdidrebas, daagrovon kapitali.
ufro metic, organizebuli danaSaulobis umravle-
soba swored im mizniT Seiqmna, rom miiRon didi mogeba.
am tipis danaSaulis Sedegad saxelmwifosTvis, kerZo
seqtorebisa Tu sxva komerciuli organizaciebisTvis
miyenebuli zarali milionobiT da miliardobiTac ki
izomeba. am uzarmazar fulad mogebas Tan axlavs sxva
iseTi danaSauli, rogoricaa: ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizacia, didi odenobiT ukanono operaciebi sazR-
vargareTis bankebSi da sxva.
organizebuli danaSaulis mesame niSnad miCneulia ko-
62
rufcia, romelic Tanamedrove ruseTis sinamdvileSi
aris socialur-politikuri movlena. korufcia, am mi-
marTebiT ubralod qrTamis aRebas ki ar niSnavs, aramed
saxelmwifo moxeleebis gaxrwnas da maT mosyidvas, gad-
agvarebas. Asaintereso isaa, rom korufcia mxolod an-
garebis motiviT ar ikvebeba. mas garkveuli politikuri
sarCulic udevs imdenad, ramdenadac xelisuflebaSi
mosvlis mizani gulisxmobs iseTi adamianebis mozidvas,
romlebic momavali saxelmwifo Cinovnikis erTguli mx-
ardamWerebi iqnebian.
saqme isaa, rom saxelmwifos korumpirebuli moxeleebi

iyidebian saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi interesebis
winaaRmdeg, isini mfarveloben organizebuli danaSau-
lis liderebs, mis wevrebsac, amarageben maT saTanado
dokumentebiT, danaSaulTa samyarosTvis saWiro in-
formaciiT, zewolas axdenen danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg
mebrZol patiosan muSakebze. ufro metic, krinimolo-
giuri kvleviT dadasturda, rom mafiozuri jgufis
yvela wevri saxelmwifos korumpirebul moxeleebTan
iyo Sekruli.
bunebrivia, rom organizebuli danaSaulis sazogadoe-

brivi saSiSroeba gansakuTrebulia, radgan igi ara marto
ekonomikur zians ayenebs saxelmwifos, sazogadoebas,
kerZo biznesis sferos da calkeul pirTa interesebs,
aramed, moralur-politikur ziansac, uaryofiTad mo-
qmedebs axalgazrdobaze, mis moralur principebze.
amas rom Tavi davaneboT, organizebuli danaSauli ar

ifargleba mxolod erTi qveynis (vTqvaT, ruseTis)
teritoriiT, radgan igi ukavSirdeba sxva saxelmwifo-
Ta ekonomikur saqmianobas, sazRvargareTis qveynebis
biznesisa da saqmiani wreebis warmomadgenlebs, xolo
63
yovelive es, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs organizebuli da-
naSaulis internacionalizacias, mis transnacionalur
xasiaTs, ris gamoc brZola organizebul danaSaulTan
kidev ufro rTuldeba.
organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb kidev ufro sain-

teresodaa msjeloba i. antonianis naSromSi, romelic
leqciebis kursis saxiTaa gamocemuli. aq organize-
buli danaSauli warmodgenilia, rogorc Cadenili
xelobis saxiT, rogorc didi xnis ganmavlobaSi moq-
medi da romelic batonobs garkveul teritoriaze,
Tumca Tanamedrove pirobebSi, saxelmwifoTa ekonomi-
kuri kavSirebis kvalobaze, organizebuli danaSaulic
globalur xasiaTs iZens da, amdenad, brZola masTan
kidev ufro Zneldeba. Aarc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom gaer-
Tianebuli erebis organizaciam araerTgzis gaamaxvila
yuradReba organizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb.
literaturaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia imazec, rom

organizebuli danaSauli, ase vTqvaT, wminda saxiT ki ar
arsebobs, aramed gadajaWvulia mTel rig ekonomikur
saqmianobasTan, romelsac, rogorc aseTs, kanonieri
forma aqvs, magram am saqmianobis meTodebsa da xerxebSi
gamoyenebulia kriminalisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saqmi-
anobis wesic (Zaladoba, daSineba, korufcia, bazris mo-
nopolizmi da a.S.).32
avtori adasturebs im zogad tendencias, rom organi-

zebuli dana Sauli izrdeba rogorc ruseTSi, ise mTels
msoflioSi. Ees, avtoris azriT, imiTac aixsneba, rom
danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi gamoyenebulia uaxloesi
teqnologiuri da teqnikuri miRwevebi, saerTaSoriso
kavSirgabmulobisa Tu satransporto saSualebani,
32
Ю. М. Антонян, Криминология, Избр. Лекций, М., 2004, стр. 363.
64
turizmi da saerTaSoriso gadazidvebi. Aamis niadagze
ara marto iSleba zRvari da gansxvaveba saxelmwifoTa
Soris, aramed iqmneba yovlismomcveli saerTaSoriso
bazari.
avtoris azriT, organizebuli danaSauli SeiZleba

davyoT or did jgufad. jer erTi, am tipis krimina-
lebis erTi jgufi sCadis banditur Tu yaCaRur Tav-
dasxmebs, mkvlelobebs, ris gamoc maTi gamovlena da
mxileba Zneli araa. meorec, organizebuli danaSaulis
nawili gadajaWvulia ekonomikur saqmianobasTan da
amdenad kargad aris SeniRbuli ise, rom garegnulad
gamoiyureba sakmaod maRali rangis politikosebTan
da biznesmebebTan `megobrul kavSirad,~ ris gamoc am
ukanasknelTa mxileba sakmaod rTulia. mesame, ganasx-
vaveben e. w. eTnikuri tipis organizebul danaSauls,
romelSic upiratesad gaerTianebulia erTi eTnikuri
warmomavlobis kriminalebi, romlebic sCadian iseT da-
naSauls, rogoricaa, magaliTad, narkotikiT vaWroba,
trefikingi, terorizmi da sxva.
danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba, romelic organizebuli

danaSaulis sistemaSi iazreba, Tavis YTavSi moicavs
agreTve seqsualuri xasiaTis qmedebebs, romelTac ukve
prostituciis forma aqvT da gulisxmobs garyvnilebis
budis mowyobas, suttobas da sxva amgvari amoraluri
xasiaTis saqmianobas.33
organizebuli danaSaulis problema ganxilulia krimi-

nologiuri xasiaTis sxva naSromebSic. erT-erTi aseTia
avtorTa koleqtivis mier Seqmnili naSromi, romelSic
saTanadodaa gaTvaliswinebuli am mxriv sazRvarga-
reTis qveynebis gamocdileba. kerZod, organizebuli
33
Ю. М. Антонян, Криминология, Избр. Лекций, М., 2004, стр. 368.
65
danaSaulis wevrebi cdiloben Seerwyan sazogadoebas
imgvarad, rom maTTan brZola kidev ufro rTuli iyos.
am TvalsazrisiT organizebuli danaSauli emyareba
saxelmwifos oficialur struqturebs, sazogadoe-
briv organizaciebs, fondebs, legaluri ekonomikis
sxvadasxva formebs. gasagebia, rom organizebuli da-
naSauli am mimarTebiT iyenebs saqmianobis iseT xerxs,
rogoricaa: korufcia, xelisuflebis warmomadgenel-
Ta diskreditacia, SantaJi, muqarebi, arasasurveli
pirebis fizikuri Camocilebac ki.34
yovelive amis gamo iqmneba axali socialuri viTareba:

sazogadoeba ukve mometebuli kriminogenobiT xasiaT-
deba. ufro metic, organizebuli danaSauli ukve kon-
trols uwevs funqcionerebs politikaSi, sazogadoe-
brivi cxovrebis ekonomikur, socialur Tu sulier
sferoebs. saqme iqamdec midis, rom sazogadoebis mniS-
vnelovani nawili organizebul danaSaulSia Cabmuli,
xolo organizebuli danaSauli, Tavis mxriv, yalibde-
ba sazogadoebis qvestruqturad, rogorc garkveuli
`kriminaluri sazogadoeba,~ Ggarkveuli azriT, `po-
tenciuri saxelmwifo saxelmwifoSi, ` rogorc es Sei-
Zleba iTqvas e. w. `kanonier qurdebze~. aq ukve aSkaraa
kriminaluri samyaros garkveuli ierarqia, romelic
aiZulebs kriminaluri samyaros am warmomadgenlebs,
ibrZolon am ierarqiis umaRlesi safexuris dakave-
bisTvis an SesanarCuneblad, raTa kasturi dajgufebis
ukiduresad qveda zRvars miRma ar aRmoCndnen. Yyove-
live es didi msxverplis fasadac jdeba. es garemoeba
metad arsebiTia imisaTvis, rom sworad iqnes gagebuli
yoveli tipuri kriminalis, gansakuTrebiT, `kanonieri
qurdis` kriminaluri sazogadoebisadmi sakuTari per-
sonis mikuTvnebisaTvis brZolisa da amis gamo saxelm-
wifos oficialuri struqturebisadmi dapirispirebis
34
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, М., 2005, стр. 526.
66
sazrisi. magram ufro saintereso isaa, rom iseT rTul,
gardamaval periodSi, rogoric iyo sabWoTa sistemis
ngrevidan axal sistemaze gadasvla, kidev ufro iZabeba
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba. saxelmwifos xelmZRvanele-
bi, e. w. eris liderebi (qarTulad rom vTqvaT, èris
mamebi~ g. n.) xalxs TviTgadarCenis viTarebaSi agdeben,
xolo kriminaluri sazogadoebebi am viTarebaSi erTg-
varad amsubuqeben TviTgadarCenisTvis adamianTa didi
nawilis brZolas im azriT, rom es kriminalebi ukve mza
formiT axvedreben am TviTgadarCenisTvis brZolis da-
naSaulebriv xerxebsa da meTodebs. erTi SexedviT, es
dadebiTi momenti, sazogadoebas Zalian Zvirad ujdeba
imis gamo, rom sazogadoebis es nawili kanons miRma aR-
moCnda, xolo is, visac TviTgadarCenisTvis am brZola-
Si TiTqos gaumarTla da igi danaSaulebrivi gziT didi
qonebis patroni gaxda, faqtobrivad, am qonebasa da mis
dacvas Seewira. igulisxmeba iseTi viTareba, roca ada-
mianebi danaSaulobasTan brZolis kanonier formebs ki
ar mimarTaven, aramed, danaSaulebriv TviTgasworebebs,
SekveTil mkvlelobebs, biznesis dadgenili wesis dar-
Rvevebsa da partnioris uzneo gadagdebisTvis dasjis
ukanono, danaSaulebrivi xerxebs.35
yovelive is, rac organizebuli danaSaulis fenomenis

Sesaxeb aq iTqva, ase vTqvaT, realuri faqtebis aRweraa
imasTan SedarebiT, razec cota qvemoT aris saubari.
kerZod, aq Sefasebulia sabWoTa sistemis dangrevis
kvalobaze e. w. privatizaciis damangreveli Sedegebi,
ruseTisTvis sazRvargareTidan Tavsmoxveuli glo-
balizaciis politika, romelmac ruseTis erovnul
interesebs kolosaluri ziani miayena. SefasebiTi mo-
nacemebiT, am privatizaciis Sedegad ruseTis ekonomi-
kas ornaxevarjer meti zarali miadga, vidre, sabWoTa
kavSirs meore msoflio omSi da es zarali, 1995 wlis
35
67
fasebiT, Sefasda 9549 trilion maneTad.36
amrigad, imisi winaswari gaTvlis gareSe, Tu ra Sedegs

gamoiRebda ruseTSi dasavleTis demokratiuli sazoga-
doebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sabazro ekonomikis
principebis meqanikuri, saTanado sakanondeblo bazis
da rigi sxva makontrolebeli sistemis gareSe danergva
ruseTs, agreTve e.w. postsabWouri sistemis qveynebs,
Zvirad daujdaT. gamonaklisi am mxriv arc saqarTvelo
iyo, radgan xelovnurad daCqarebel privatizaciis
process, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, mTeli Taobebis Sro-
miT dagrovili qonebis usamarTlo gadanawileba gamoi-
wvia, xalxma `prixvatizacia~ SemTxveviT ar uwoda. rom
ara axali saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba da mozomili re-
formebi, saqarTveloc iseTive dReSi iqneboda, rogor-
Sic ruseTia dRes. Aaq sakmarisi iqneboda imisi Tqma, rom
saqarTveloSi organizebuli danaSaulis tradiciu-
li formebi, rogorc Semdgom davinaxavT, N (qurduli
tradiciebi, fulis gaTeTreba, trefikingi) TiTqmis
suls Rafavs, maSin, rodesac organizebuli danaSauli
ruseTSi am qveynis erT-erT erovnul ubedurebadaa
miCneuli. isic aRiarebulia TviT rusi kriminologebi-
sa da kriminalistebis mier, rom ruseTSi organizebuli
danaSaulis erT-erTi mZlavri faqtori totaluri ko-
rufciaa, romlis daZleva xangrZlivi procesia.37
cxadia, organizebuli danaSauli msoflios mravali wa-

myvani qveynis problemaa, magram am mxriv yvela saxelm-
wifos misTvis damaxasiaTebeli problema aqvs. ruseTSi
organizebul danaSauls kvebavs ara mxolod korufcia,
aramed rigi sxva faqtori, rogoricaa, magaliTad, nar-
kotikiT, iaraRiT vaWroba, fulis gaTeTreba, xolo,
36
37
Криминогенные процессы в современном российском обществе:
причины, динамика, перспективы, Краснодар, 2009, стр. 100.
68
TviT danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba profesiuli xasiaTi-
saa. korufcia ki mainc wamyvania, radgan ruseTSi ad-
gili aqvs TviT samarTaldacviTi organoebis TanamS-
romelTa mosyidvas, raTa danaSauli gauxsneli darCes,
didi odenobiT uyofen fulad saxsrebs, raTa ukve aR-
Zruli sisxlis samarTlis saqme Sewydes, xolo kidev
ufro aRmaSfoTebeli isaa, rom isini mkvlelobebSic ki
iReben monawileobas.38
yovelive es uzneoba da danaSauli, Tavis mxriv, ikvebe-

ba TviTgadarCenis ideologiiT, romelSic material-
uri moTxovnileba sWarbobs suliers, roca samarTal-
dacviTi organoebis rigi warmomadgeneli ara marto
mfarvelobs ukanono saqmianobas biznesis sferoSi, ar-
amed TviTonac uwevs konkurencias sxvadasxva banditur
organizaciebsac ki.39 yovelive amis gamo, mosaxleobis
didi nawili samarTaldacviT organoebs undoblobas
ucxadebs, xolo organizebul danaSaulTan brZola
aseT pirobebSi, cxadia, efeqturi ver iqneba. miT ufro,
roca aRiarebulia, rom ruseTis samarTaldacviTi or-
ganoebis warmomadgenelTa didi nawili kriminalurad
gadagvarda, kvebavs da xels uwyobs organizebuli da-
naSaulis zrdas, masobrivi samarTlebrivi nihilizmis
damkvidrebas, aseT pirobebSi organizebul danaSaulze
kontroli ki, arsebiTad SeuZlebeli xdeba.40
sayuradReboa kriminologiuri xasiaTis erT-erTi naS-

romi, romelSic nacadia imisi garkveva, Tu ras gamox-
atavs termini òrganizebuli danaSauli,~ radgan igu-
lisxmeba, rom saqme Seexeba danaSaulebriv qmedebas,
romelsac masSi monawile araerTi piris gamo, ubralod
38
Криминогенные процессы в современном российском обществе:
причины, динамика, перспективы, Краснодар, 2009, стр.115.
39
iqve, gv. 117.
40
iqve, gv. 128.
69
jgufuri xasiaTi ki ara aqvs, aramed organizebulic.
Aaqedan gamomdinare, igulisxmeba erToblioba im da-
naSaulisa, romelsac organizebuli, ese igi, winas-
wargansazRvruli, myari, mtkice, erTmaneTze damokide-
buli struqtura aqvs.
aq naTqvamia, rom organizebul danaSauls axasiaTebs

pirTa jgufis mier danaSaulis Cadena Tanamonawileo-
biT. Mmagram yoveli jgufuri danaSauli da danaSaule-
brvi jgufi ar SeiZleba iyos organizebuli. jgufuri
danaSauli organizebulia mxolod maSin, Tu mas aqvs
organizebulobis niSnebi: kerZod, Tu danaSaulebriv
jgufs aqvs garkveuli mizani, garkveuli struqtura,
masSi monawile pirTa funqciebis ganawilebiT, infor-
maculi arxi da sxva.41
am mxriv ruseTSi asaxeleben organizebuli danaSaulis

or saxes: organizebul jgufebs, anu danaSaulebriv or-
ganizaciebs da organizebuli jgufebis gaerTianebas.
Oorganizebul danaSaulebriv jgufs axasiaTebs myari

kavSiri, erTi an ramdenime danaSaulis Casadenad
winawardasaxuli mizani; masSi monawile pirTa krimi-
naluri Cvevebi da tradiciebi, xolo es danaSaulebrivi
organizebuli jgufi zogjer SeiZleba Sevides ufro
didi masStabis danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi. M
A
§ 8. organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli analizi
organizebuli danaSaulis iuridiuli analizis prob-

lema gulisxmobs im sakiTxis dasmasa da raRacnair gad-
aWras, anu pasuxs kiTxvaze, Tu raa am metad saSiSi da-
41
Криминология, Учебник для вузов, под ред. В.Д. Малькова, М., 2006,
стр. 403.
70
naSaulebrivi saqmianobis obieqti. cxadia, `danaSaulis
obieqtis~ wminda rusuli gageba ki ar gvaqvs mxedveloba-
Si, rogorc wminda sociologiuri cneba, aramed `sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtis` cneba, romelic
iuridiuli azrovnebis wess gamoxatavs. imas, Tu romeli
obieqti unda iyos daculi sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT,
wyvets kanonmdebeli sisxlis samarTlis kanonis for-
maSi. sazogadoebrivad saSiS qmedebaTa zogierTi kate-
goria sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT ikrZaleba, ris gamoc
sazogadoebrivi urTierToba, romelic SeiZleba xely-
ofil iqnes antisazogadoebrivi qmedebiT, ukve daculi
xdeba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT da amdenad es urTier-
Toba ukve `sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqts~ war-
moadgens. miT ufro, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis pirveli muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad,
àm kodeqsis mizania danaSaulebrivi xelyofis Tavidan
acileba da marTlwesrigis dacva.~ Aaqedan gamomdinare,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ZalaSi
Sesvlis momentidan saxelmwifosa da pirovnebas Soris,
maT Soris, zogierTi kategoriis (rogorc wesi, kerZo
samarTlis) iuridiuli piris formaSic, danaSaulTa
Tavidan acilebis gamo warmoiqmneba sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi urTierToba, romelic saxelmwifos winaSe am
subieqtebis pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis gamoxatvis
iuridiul formas warmoadgens.
amrigad, arsebobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis

obieqti, romelsac xelyofs danaSauli. meorenairad
rom vTqvaT, `danaSaulis obieqtis` tradiciul cnebas
win uswrebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqtis
cneba. aqedan gamomdinare, dgeba sakiTxi imis Taobaze,
Tu raa organizebuli danaSaulis obieqti? sakiTxis
aseTi dasmac ki metyvelebs, rom organizebuli dana-
Sauli, ase abstraqtulad da zogadad gaugebaria, Tu
71
ar gavamaxvileT yuradReba organizebuli danaSaulis
gamovlenis formebze. saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi or-
ganizebuli danaSauli vlindeboda `kanonieri qurde-
bis` gaerTianebiT, trefikingiT, fulis gaTeTrebiT,
romelic sustdeba da terorizmis formaSi. gasagebia,
rom organizebuli danaSaulis am formebidan erTi maT-
gani uSualod xelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigs (qurdu-
li samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is 2231-e
muxli); trefikingi (ssk-is 1431-e muxli) uSualod xely-
ofs adamianis uflebas, mis Tavisuflebas da Rirsebas.
Ffulis gaTeTreba xelyofs araerT interess, magram
gansakuTrebiT _ Tanasworobas sameurneo saqmianobis
sferoSi, xolo terorizmi _ sazogadoebisa da saxelm-
wifos usafrTxoebis safuZvlebs.42
amrigad, organizebuli danaSaulis xelyofis obieq-

tis problema aSkarad avlens sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacvis im obieqts, romelsac kanonmdebeli ama Tu im
qmedebis kriminalizaciis dros iRebs mxedvelobaSi.
Aamitom ruseTis sisxlissamarTlebrivi azris mcdelo-
ba, organizebuli danaSauli warmoadginos zogadad,
misi gamovlenis konkretuli formebis gareSe, sworad
da efeqturad ver CaiTvleba da metad Sorsaa danaSau-
lis Cadenis im meqanizmisgan, romlis Sesaxeb Cven jer
kidev 2000 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi aRvniSneT.43 am
naSromSi, SeZlebisdagvarad, vasabuTebdiT im debule-
bas, rom danaSaulis Cadena zogadad da rogorc aseTi,
ki ar xdeba, aramed ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis gziT. amdenad, arse-
42
g. goraSvili, eTnikur-separatistuli terorizmis gan-
viTarebis safrTxeebi saqrTveloSi da misi profilaqtikis
gzebi, Tb., 2010.
43
g. naWyebia, qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi
Teoria, Tb., 2000.
72
bobs organizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis konkre-
tuli formebi, xolo am formebs Semadgenlobis ufro
konkretuli saxeoba axasiaTebs.
mokled SevexebiT organizebuli danaSaulis subieqte-

bis sakiTxsac. A mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs `danaSaulobis~
kriminologiuri cneba, roca saxezea am danaSaulobis
faqtobrivad Camdeni pirebi, imis miuxedavad, iuridi-
ulad dadasturda Tu ara am pirebis mier am tipis dana-
Saulis Cadena. saqme exeba kanonier qurdebs, reketio-
rebs, trefikingis sferoSi mosaqmeebs, fulis gamTeT-
reblebs, teroristebs da sxva. cxadia, organizebuli
danaSaulobis subieqtebSi xSiria biznesis kanonieri
formebis miRma arsebuli saqmosnebis ukanono saqmi-
anoba, winaT nasamarTlebi pirebis Tavmoyra organize-
buli danaSaulobis Casadenad da sxva.
am poziciidan dgeba sakiTxi organizebuli danaSau-

lis obieqturi mxaris, anu, obieqturi Semadgenlobis
problemac. rogorc cnobilia, nebis garegani aqtis ga-
reSe aranairi danaSauli ar arsebobs, magram SemCneu-
lia, rom am mxriv organizebul danaSauls garkveuli
Tavisebureba axasiaTebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT metad
sainteresoa samarTlis doqtoris g. Todrias statia,
romelic organizebuli danaSaulis cnebasa da Semad-
genlobas Seexeba. kerZod, avtori mimoixilavs Sexed-
ulebebs organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb, yuradRebas
amaxvilebs sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi gabatonebul
debulebaze, rom danaSauli nebis garegani aqtia. Mmagram
sainteresoa, sakmarisia Tu ara es debuleba organize-
buli danaSaulis mimarT. avtori mxedvelobaSi iRebs
zogierTi rusi kriminalistis mosazrebas, rom orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis cnebas da formebs, obieqturi
mxriv, Seesabameba ara qmedebis tradiciuli gageba, ar-
73
amed danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis cneba, xolo saqmiano-
bis kriminologiuri gageba gulisxmobs am saqmianobis
subieqtur mxaresac. Aavtoris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
`saWiroa organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi konstruq-
ciis SemoReba, sadac subieqturi elementi (mizani) war-
moadgens umarTlobis ganmsazRvrel niSans.~44
vfiqrobT, kriminologiuri TvalsazrisiT sakiTxi swo-

radaa dasmuli, radgan organizebuli danaSaulobis
formaSi saqme marTlac Seexeba ara mxolod qmedebas,
rogorc nebis garegan aqts, romelic sisxlis samarTlis
sferoSi kanonierebis sagarantio funqcias gamoxata-
vs, aramed ori an meti piris erTobliv danaSaulebriv
saqmianobas, romelic garkveuli subieqturi elementis
gareSe marTlac warmoudgenelia. Aaq ukve fsiqologia,
qcevis tradiciuli cnebiTa da misi formebiT, sakma-
risi araa da problema socialur urTierTobaTa sf-
eroSi gadadis. erTis mxriv, saqme Seexeba saxelmwifosa
da pirovnebis sisxlissamarTlebriv urTierTobas,
romelic danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis mizans emsax-
ureba, xolo meore mxriv, urTierTobas organizebuli
danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrebs Soris, agreTve urT-
ierTobas danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrebsa da Cveu-
lebriv moqalaqeebs Soris, radgan, es ukanasknelni,
rogorc wesi, danaSaulis msxverplis rolSi gamodian.
amrigad, mas Semdeg, rac saxelmwifom akrZala organize-

buli danaSaulis iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa: trefik-
ingi, qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba,
fulis gaTeTreba da sxva. am danaSaulTa Camdeni yvela
SesaZlo piri xdeba valdebuli, moqmedebdes marTl-
44
g. Todria, danaSaulobis organizebuli formirebis zogi-
erTi sakiTxi, parlamentis mrCevelTa damoukidebeli sabWos
uwyebani, samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali, 1997, E# 3, gv. 1-2.
74
zomierad da qmnides marTlwesrigs, magram saqme isaa,
rom marTlzomieri qmedebis Casadenad marTlzomieri
qmedebis valdebulebis Segneba sakmarisi araa. saWiroa,
rom subieqti marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebulebas
moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT, ese igi am valdebuleb-
is aRsrulebis Sinagani ganwyobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom
saxelmwifos winaSe pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis idea
qmnis saxelmwifosa da moqalaqis urTierTobis ideas,
radgan pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba danaSaulTa Tavidan
acilebis gamo warmoSobili sisxlissamarTlebrivi urT-
ierTobis formaSi vlindeba. aA mdenad, sisxlis samarTlis
subieqti, maT Soris, iuridiuli piris formaSi, valde-
bulia moqmedebdes marTlzomierad da mowodebulia am
valdebulebas moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT.
samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis praqtika adas-

turebs, rom rigi adamianebisa arRveven marTlzom-
ieri qmedebis valdebulebas da, maSasadame, moqmede-
ben marTlsawinaaRmdegod. magram qmedebis marTlwi-
naaRmdegoba danaSaulis germanuli modelis mixedviT,
romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSia gamoxatuli, danaSaulis
meore elementia. danaSaulis mesame elements ki brali
warmoadgens. samwuxarod, bralis problema sakmaod
abneulia da am Temaze amjerad diskusias ver gavmar-
TavT. Mmokled aRvniSnavT, rom bralis fsiqologiuri
Teoria, rogorc qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subi-
eqtis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, brals fsiqologiaSi
eZebs, maSin, roca brali qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis
gareSe SeuZlebelia, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegoba, cxa-
dia, fsiqologiur cnebasa da problemas ar warmoad-
gens. miT ufro SeuZlebelia organizebuli danaSaulis
problema marTebulad aixsnas bralis fsiqologiuri
Teoriis safuZvelze, radgan, sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT,
75
qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikur
damokidebulebas arc gaufrTxileblobaa mowyvetili,
xolo organizebuli danaSauli bralis mxolod ganz-
raxi formiT xorcieldeba.
bralis normativistuli Teoria, romelic, rogorc

wesi, gabatonebulia germanul literaturaSi, gulisx-
mobs wminda Sefasebas, gakicxvas Tu gasakicxobas, maSin,
roca brali subieqtis gakicxvis safuZvelia. am pozici-
idan ufro marTebulad gveCveneba bralis warmoCena
socialuri filosofiis kategoriad, roca brali gage-
bulia pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri as-
peqtebis kavSiris formad. kerZod, adamianis pirovneba
mowodebulia, Tavis normatiul movaleobas moekidos
pasuxismgeblurad, magram, samwuxarod, is iSviaTad ar
moqmedebs upasuxismgeblod, anu, braleulad, xolo es
upasuxismgebloba negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis safuZ-
velia. brali aris socialuri filosofiis kategoria,45
xolo sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi igi SeiZleba ganisaz-
Rvros, rogorc marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebuleb-
isadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba,
romelic sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadeniT gamoixateba.
bralis formebad tradiciulad iTvleba ganzraxva da

gaufrTxilebloba. Gganzraxva aris saxelmwifos winaSe
subieqtze dakisrebuli pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis
Segnebuli uaryofa, xolo gaufrTxilebloba, am pasux-
ismgeblobis ugulebelyofas warmoadgens. saqme isaa,
rom pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba, anu normatiulad
dadgenili movaleobisadmi pasuxismgebluri damokide-
buleba SeiZleba iyos koleqtiuri, ese igi, SesaZlebe-
lia, rom am movaleobas, ori an meti piri, erToblivi
45
ufro dawrilebiT ix. g. naWyebia, brali rogorc socialuri
filosofiis kategoria, Tb., 2001.
76
saqmianobis dros, moekidos pasuxismgeblobiT. aqedan
gamomdinare, logikuria daskvnac, rom ori an meti piri,
erToblivi saqmianobis dros, SeiZleba moiqces upasux-
ismgeblod, anu braleulad.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im garemoebas, rom gaufrTx-

ilebloba windaxedulobis normis safuZvelze sabuT-
deba, xolo windaxedulobis normis moTxovnebisadmi
damokidebuleba mkacrad personaluria, maSin gasage-
bia, rom ori an meti piris erToblivi gaufrTxilebeli
moqmedeba SeuZlebelia. am sferoSi, rogorc praqtika
adasturebs, ori an meti piris erToblivi qmedebisas,
erTma SeiZleba mSvenivrad Seignos misi qmedebis xasi-
aTi, gaiTvaliswinos am qmedebis mosalodneli Sedege-
bi, xolo meorem, romelic pirvelTan erTad saqmianobs,
SeiZleba yuradReba sxva rameze gadaitanos. amitomaa,
rom SesaZlebelia e. w. SualobiTiY amsrulebloba, roca
erTi piri iyenebs meoris uyuradRebobas, raTa mas da-
naSauli gaufrTxileblobiT Caadeninos. Aaqedan gamom-
dinareobs, rom ori an meti piris erToblivi saqmianoba
SeiZleba mxolod ganzrax, roca Segnebulia rogorc
qmedeba, ise misi SesaZlo Sedegebi, agreTve saqmeSi
monawile pirebi.
erTi sityviT, danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba, maT So-

ris, organizebul danaSaulSi, xdeba bralis mxolod
ganzraxi formis safuZvelze. ori an meti piris er-
Toblivi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobisas aSkaraa, rom
Segnebuladaa uaryofili saxelmwifos winaSe TiToeu-
li maTganis pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba, rac maTi Tan-
abraleulobis (ese igi, Tanaupasuxismgeblobis) safuZ-
velia. SemTxveviTi araa, rom Oori an meti piris erTobli-
vi danaSaulebrivi qmedebisas `Tanamzraxvelis` cnebas
xSirad iyeneben, rac `Tanabraleulobis` sinonimia.
77
Ggasagebia, rom Tanabraleulobis cneba ki Aar gamoricx-
avs, aramed piriqiT, gulisxmobs erTiani Tanabraleu-
lobis farglebSi jgufis yoveli wevris bralis gan-
sxvavebul xasiaTsa da xarisxs, rac imazea damokide-
buli, Tu ra rols da ra intensivobiT asrulebs igi
mas. maSasadame, bralis ganzraxi forma ar gamoricxavs
Tanabraleulobas, Tumca, gansxvavebuli xasiaTiTa da
xarisxiT, xolo negatiuri pasuxismgebloba mkacrad
personaluria da emyareba rogorc qmedebis, ise moqme-
dis erTianobas.
A
§ 9. organizebuli danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi aspeqtebi
organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri niSnebi

sakmao sisruliT ganvixileT, Tumca araa gamoricxuli,
rom sakiTxi, am mxriv, kidev ufro dazustdes. Mmagali-
Tad, organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi sain-
tereso iqneboda ara marto mizezobrivi kavSiris Tav-
isebureba (magaliTad, Tu rogor kvebavs organizebul
danaSauls korufcia), aramed e. w. funqciuri kavSir-
ic, radgan, jer erTi, organizebul danaSauls Tavisi
funqcia aqvs, da meorec, organizebuli danaSaulobis
wevrebsac gaaCniaT TavianTi kriminaluri funqciebi,
rac maTi qmedebis kvalifikaciisTvis metad arsebiTia.
mokled ganvixiloT organizebuli danaSaulis sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi. sakiTxi exeba organizeb-
uli danaSaulis cnebasa da niSnebs ruseTis federaciis
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT.
am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs ruseTis federaciis sisx-

lis samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxli, romelSic gaTva-
liwinebulia danaSaulis Cadena jgufis mier winaswari
SeTanxmebis gareSe, winaswari SeTaxmebiT, organizebu-
78
li jgufis anu danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mier.
am muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSauli organi-

zebuli jgufis mier Cadenilad CaiTvleba, Tu is Cade-
nilia erTi an meti danaSaulis Casadenad winaswar
gaerTianebul pirTa myari jgufis mier. am debulebis
safuZvelze sakmaod Znelia erTmaneTisgan gavmijnoT
danaSaulis Cadena pirTa jgufis mier winaswari SeTanx-
mebiT da organizebuli jgufi, romelic Tavisi organi-
zebulobis xasiaTisa da xarisxiT aRemateba pirTa Cveu-
lebriv gaerTianebas. am sakiTxze sworadaa gamaxvile-
buli yuradReba erT-erT naSromSi, romelic organi-
zebuli danaSaulis problemebs eZRvneba.46 am krebulSi
sainteresoa m. minenokis statia, romelSic organize-
buli danaSaulis sisxlissamarTlebrivi problemebia
ganxiluli. Aavtori marTebulad aqcevs yuradRebas im
garemoebas, rom ruseTis 1996 wlis 24 maisis sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT,
winaswari SeTanxmebiT pirTa jgufisa da organizebuli
jgufis gamijvna Znelia. Mmisi azriT, aq gamijvnis mTa-
vari kriteriumi aris simyare, magram rusi kanonmde-
beli, avtoris azriT, am termins ar ganmartavs. avto-
ri imowmebs rusul iuridiul literaturaSi sakmaod
gavrcelebul mtkicebas, rom winaswari SeTanxmebiT
pirTa jgufisa da organizebuli jgufis mTavari gan-
masxvavebeli niSani isaa, rom am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
arsebobs jgufis organizatori an xelmZRvaneli. Oor-
ganizatori qmnis jgufs, arCevs jgufis wevrebs, anawi-
lebs maT Soris rolebs, xolo xelmZRvaneli uzrune-
lyofs jgufis moqmedebas mTlianobaSi (magaliTad, l.
gauxmanis mosazreba). M
46
Oрганизованная преступность: уголовно-правовые и криминологи-
ческие проблемы, Сборник научных трудов, Калининград, 1999.
79
Cveni azriT, m. minenoki sworad aRniSnavs, rom organi-
zatori an xelmZRvaneli araa gamoricxuli winaswari
SeTanxmebiT moqmedi jgufuri danaSaulis drosac ki,
roca jgufis romelime wevri Tavis Tavze iRebs jgufis
organizatoris an xelmZRvanelis funqcias. ufro met-
ic, aRniSnuli avtori akritikebs mkvlelobis saqmeebze
ruseTis federaciis uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumis
1999 wlis 27 ianvris dadgenilebas, romelSic organize-
buli jgufi ganmartebulia rogorc ori an meti piris
mier Semdgari organizebuli jgufi, romelic erTi an
meti piris mkvlelobis ganzraxviT Seiqmna.
avtori sworad ganmartavs, rom am dadgenilebaSi winas-

wari SeTanxebiT pirTa jgufi arafriTaa gamijnuli or-
ganizebuli jgufisgan, radgan Zneli dasajerebelia,
rom Sedges winaswari SeTanxmeba or an met pirTa Soris
danaSaulis Casadenad da igi moklebuli iyos danaSau-
lis CadenisTvis aucilebel momentebs: saqmianobis
dagegmvas, monawileTa Soris rolebis ganawilebas da
sxva iseT mxares, romelic am saqmianobas garkveuli wes-
rigis formas aZlevs. organizebuli danaSauli ki, arse-
biTad sxvaa, vidre pirTa jgufis wevrTa Cveulebrivi
kavSiri. miT ufro, rom organizebuli danaSauli – es
aris organizebuli jgufebisa da danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciebis garTianeba.
statiebis am krebulSi moTavsebulia i. suCkovisa da

v. falaevis erToblivi statia, romelSic ganxilulia
jgufuri danaSaulisa da organizebuli danaSaulis
gamijvnis kriteriumebi. maTi azriT, am gamijvnis kri-
teriumi ar SeiZleba iyos termini `Сплоченность,~ (Sem-
Widroeba, darazmuloba), radgan es ukanaskneli dam-
axasiaTebelia im jgufisTvisac, romelic wanaswari Se-
Tanxmebis wesiT moqmedebs.
80
maTi azriT, organizebuli jgufisagan danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianeba sami niSniT gansxvavdeba. Ppirveli am mxriv
aris gansakuTrebuli simyare, disciplinuroba, mkacri
gegmianoba danaSaulebrivi Canafiqris ganxorcieleba-
Si; danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi ramdenime organize-
buli jgufis arseboba; mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime da-
naSaulis Cadenis naTlad gamokveTili mizani. amasTan,
pirveli an meore niSnis aucilebeli Serwyma mesamesTn
(ise igi, mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis mizan-
Tan) qmnis danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis cnebas. Ggarda
amisa, aq sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom mkveTradaa
xazgasmuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis iseTi niSne-
bi, rogoricaa: darazmuloba, simyare, TanamonawileTa
Soris rTuli struqturuli kavSirurTierToba, mZime
an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Cadenis naTlad
gamokveTili mizani, danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba Sedare-
biT xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ise, rom saqme exeba
danaSaulebrivi cxovrebis wesis gziT mudmivi Semosav-
lis miRebas.
magram saqme isaa, rom ruseTis federaciis sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 35-e muxlSi 2009 wlis 16 oqtomb-
ers Sevida mniSvnelovani cvlileba-damateba. ker-
Zod, aRniSnuli muxlis me-4 nawilSi gaTvaliwinebul
iqna organizebuli danaSaulis (danaSaulebrivi gaer-
Tianebis // danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) axali cneba.
aq naTqvamia: `danaSauli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis
(danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) mier Cadenilad CaiTv-
leba, Tu is Cadenilia struqturuli jgufis an gaer-
Tianebuli organizebuli jgufebis mier, romlebic
moqmedeben erTiani xelmZRvanelobis qveS, romelTa
wevrebi gaerTianebuli arian erTi an ramdenime mZime an
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Cadenis mizniT, pirda-
pir an arapirdapir finansuri an sxva materialuri
sargeblis misaRebad.~
81
rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSaulis aRniSnuli
cneba nasesxebia transnacionaluri organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros 2000 wlis 12 dekembris kon-
vencidan.
ruseTis amJamad moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

35-e muxlSi aRniSnuli cvlilebis ASetana wingadadgmu-
li nabijia kodeqsis am muxlis Zvel redaqciasTan Se-
darebiT, radgan adrindel redaqcaSi aSkarad ar iyo
gamokveTili is gansxvaveba, rac arsebobs winaswari
SeTanxmebiT jgufis moqmedebasa da organizebuli jgu-
fis moqmedebas Soris. magram sakmarisia Tu ara organi-
zebuli danaSaulis es axali cneba masSi nagulisxmebi
am didi borotebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi? vidre
am kiTxvaze mokled mainc vupasuxebdeT, saWirod mig-
vaCnia im faqtis aRniSvna, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lis es axali cneba, Tavis mxriv, Turme nasexebia ruse-
Tis federaciis uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumis 2008
wlis 10 ivnisis dadgenilebidan, romelSic naTqvami
iyo, rom danaSaulebriv gaerTianebad (danaSaulebriv
organizaciad) SeiZleba CaiTvalos an struqturulad
gaformebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi, an organizator-
ebis, xelmZRvanelebis an organizebuli jgufebis war-
momadgenelTa gaerTianeba.
Aam msjelobebSi organizebuli danaSaulis erT-erT

ZiriTad niSnad miCneulia am tipis danaSaulis struq-
turuli dayofa. miT ufro, rom organizebuli dana-
Saulis cnebaSi jgufis struqturul dayofaze yura-
dRebas qarTveli kanonmdebelic amaxvilebs (ix. ssk-is
27-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
gasagebia, rom garkveuli struqturis mqone organi-

zebuli jgufi ukve ar agvereva winaswari SeTaxmebiT
82
moqmed, SedarebiT martiv jgufSi. magram siZnele isaa,
rom garkveuli struqturis mqone danaSaulebrivi kav-
Siri damaxasiaTebelia rusuli yofisa da tradiciisT-
vis, roca saqme Seexeba didi masStabis danaSaulebriv
gaerTianebas (danaSaulebriv organizacias), xolo
saqarTvelos pirobebSi amgvari didi masStabis organi-
zebuli danaSauli tipuri ver iqneba. miT ufro, rom am
bolo xanebSi organizebuli danaSaulis tradiciuli
formebi aSkarad mcirdeba. cxadia, es ar niSnavs im naa-
drev daskvnas, rom organizebul danaSulTan brZola
saqarTveloSi TiTqos aqtualuri araa.
aA mrigad, organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufSi struq-

turuli danayofi didi masStabis danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianebisTvisaa damaxasiTebeli, radgan es qves-
truqtura ukve SefardebiT damoukidebelia; mas Tavisi
konkretuli xelmZRvanelic SeiZleba hyavdes, Tumca, es
struqturuli rgoli mainc danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis sistemaSi moiazreba. mM iuxedavad amisa, mainc dgas is
problema, Tu ra xasiaTisaa es struqturuli danayofi.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa a. mondaxonovis mosazreba
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda Sefasdes es struq-
turuli jgufi sixlissamarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT.
aA vtori aRniSnavs, rom danaSaulebrivi organizaciis es
struqturuli danayofi SeiZleba iyos danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis kanoniT dadgenili forma, da, amave dros,
igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc jgufi, winaswari
SeTanxmebiT, an rogorc banda. aA qedan gamomdinare, av-
tori sabolood askvnis, rom ruseTis sasamarTlo-saga-
moZiebo praqtikaSi naTeli araa is kriteriumi, ekuTvnis
Tu ara es struqturuli organizacia danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis romelime formas.47
47
А. Мондохонов, Вопросы уголовной ответственности за организацию
преступного сообщества (преступной организации), ,,Уголовное право“,
2010, № 2, стр. 52.
83
avtori aRniSnavs, rom organizebuli danaSaulis (dana-
Saulebrivi gaerTianebis (danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
is) struqturuli danayofi, rogoricaa, magaliTad,
`brigada,` `rgoli` daDsxva, unda xasiaTdebodes organi-
zebulobis niSnebiT, ramdenadac isini moqmedeben didi
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebebis interesebSi. Aaqedan av-
tori askvnis, rom organizebuli danaSauli (danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba // danaSaulebrivi organizacia)
Tavis TavSi unda aerTianebdes minimum or struqturul
rgols, minimum ori wevris SemadgenlobiT.48 (Tumca,
gaeros zemoTdasaxelebul konvenciaSi, organizebuli
danaSaulis qvestruqtura minimalurad sami wevriT
ganisazRvreba). Ees ukanaskneli mosazreba ufro sworia,
radgan am SemTxvevaSi raodenobrivi mxare Tvisebriv
mxareSi gadadis.
dasaxelebuli avtori aq amodis danaSaulSi Tanamonaw-

ileobis cnebidan da formebidan, maSin, roca organize-
buli danaSauli da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba, ro-
gorc ukve iyo naTqvami, erTmaneTs ar emTxveva.
§ 10. organizebuli danaSauli da danaSaulSi Tana-

monawileobis problema
mTeli rigi danaSauli sazogadoebrivi wesrigis winaaR-

mdeg (magaliTad, banditizmi, masobrivi areuloba da
sxva) – ori an meti piris monawileobis gareSe Cadenili
ver iqneba. am TvalsazrisiT ukve aRvniSneT, rom am tipis
danaSauli aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis formiT xor-
cieldeba. magram aq saxezea danaSaulSi e. w. `faqtobri-
vi~ monawileoba, magram ara iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT,
radgan iuridiulad danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas
48
А. Мондохонов, Вопросы уголовной ответственности за организа-
цию преступного сообщества (преступной организации), ,,Уголовное
право“, 2010, № 2, стр. 53.
84
misi specifikuri gamovlenis formebi aqvs. kerZod, am
mxriv pirvelia danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba rolebis
ganawilebiT (organizatori, wamqezebeli an damxmare),
xolo ukve dasaxelebuli aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis
formebSi rolebis amgvari ganawileba gamoricxulia.
safiqrebelia, rom aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis for-

mebSi saxezea Tanaamsrulebloba, magram sinamdvileSi
am formebSi igulisxmeba jgufis organizatori, xelmZ-
Rvaneli da danarCeni rigiTi wevrebi, xolo Tanaams-
rulebloba am mimarTebiT warmoqmnil Taviseburebas
ver amowuravs.
rusul iuridiul literaturaSi cnobilia danaSau-

lebrivi dajgufebis cneba, romelsac erT-erTi formis
saxiT ganakuTvneben `bandas.~49 es ukanaskneli tipuri
Tanamonawileobis formas ar warmoadgens. amaze metyve-
lebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganviTarebuli msjelobac. kerZod,
aq naTqvamia, rom `TavdasxmaSi monawile SeiZleba iyos
is piric, vinc araa bandis wevri, magram icis, rom xels
uwyobs bandituri Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebas. magal-
iTad, bankis TanamSromelma, bandasTan SeTanxmebiT,
gamorTo signalizacia, raTa bandas gaadvileboda Tav-
dasxmis mowyoba bankze, anda igive TanamSromeli uSua-
lod monawileobs bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmaSi.~50
cxadia, vinc bandis wevri araa, is ar SeiZleba pasuxs
agebdes ssk-is 224-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT. Aamitom is,
vinc signalizacia gamorTo, raTa bandas gaadvileboda
bankze Tavdasaxma, aris damxmare, xolo, Tu piri, romel-
ic bandis wevri ar iyo, magram uSualod monawileobda
bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmaSi, pasuxs agebs 224-e
49
Уголовное право, Общая часть, М., 2004, стр. 254.
50
sixlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, red. g. tyeSeliaZe, tomi I,
Tb., 2005, gv. 424.
85
muxlis meore nawiliT. Aam ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi sax-
ezea Tanaamsrulebloba, Tumca es ukanaskneli mainc ar
emTxveva danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis im formas, ro-
melic Tanamonawileobis erT-erT formas warmoadgens.
ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1996 wlis komen-

tarebSi ganxilulia ukanono SeiaraRebuli formire-
bis Seqmna an masSi monawileoba, rogorc organiza-
toruli funqciis kompleqsi,51 magram gaugebaria, es
organizatoruli funqcia niSnavs Tu ara masSi wamqe-
zeblisa Dda damxmaris monawileobasac. Ddidi dafiqreba
araa saWiro am kiTxvaze uaryofiTi pasuxis gasacemad,
radgan aq òrganizatori,~ A niSnavs ara danaSaulSi Tan-
amonawiles, rogorc es danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
iuridiul problematikaSia, aramed SeiaraRebuli or-
ganizaciis Semqnels, romelic danaSaulSi faqtobrivad
monawileobs, ramdenadac SeiaraRebuli formirebis
Seqmna ori am meti piris erToblivi moqmedebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. aq, rogorc Cans, vlindeba faqtobrivi-
sa da iuridiulis Tanafardobis meTodologia, roca
faqtobrivad erTi mdgomareoba, iuridiulad niSnavs
meores. magaliTad, danaSaulis provokaciisas (ssk-is
145-e muxli), faqtobrivad, wamqezebeli iuridiulad
provokaciis amsrulebelia da mis mizans piris sisx-
lissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micema warmoadgens.
rogorc Cans, aq danaSaulis Casadenad dayolieba, anu
waqezeba, iuridiulad waqezebas rom niSnavdes, maSin
provokatori iqneboda Tanamonawile im danaSaulisa,
romlis provocirebas igi cdilobs, maSin, roca aq dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileoba SeuZlebelia.
amrigad, aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis formebi, ro-
51
Комментарий к Уголовному кодексу Российской Федерации, М., 1996,
стр. 373.
86
goricaa: ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna
an xelmZRvaneloba, an masSi monawileoba (ssk-is 223-e
muxli); qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba
(ssk-is 2231-e muxli); banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli);
reketul dajgufebaSi monawiloeba (ssk 2241-e muxli);
masobrivi areuloba (sski-is 225-e muxli); jgufuri mo-
qmedebis organizeba (ssk-is 226-e muxli) _ iuridiulad
Tanamonawileobis formebs ar warmoadgenen. isini xe-
lyofen sazogadoebriv wesrigs, maSin, roca danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba xelyofis obieqtis mixedviT amgvarad
SezRuduli araa. igi SeiZleba gamovlindes sisxlis
samarTlis kerZo nawilis im normis sawinaaRmdegod,
romelSic danaSaulis Cadena danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obis wesiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. gG arda amisa, Tu aucile-
beli Tanamonawileobis zemoT CamoTvlili formebi
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis problemaa, danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileoba, piriqiT, sisxlis samarTlis zog-
adi nawilis problemaa, Tumca konkretul gamovlenas
is sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilSi aRwerili qmedebis
Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis gziT poulobs. M
amrigad, cxadi unda iyos, rom aucilebeli Tana-

monawileobis formebi danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
formebs ar warmoadgenen da amitom maTi gaigiveba, rac
rusul iuridiul literaturaSi xdeba, swori araa.
amaze metyvelebs, magaliTad, danaSauli, romelic gaT-
valiswinebulia ssk-is 2231-e muxlSi. e. w. qurduli sam-
yaros wevroba kavSirSia organizebul danaSaulTan,
radgan TviT `qurduli samyaro~ myarad organizebul
pirTa iseTi kavSiria, romelic qurduli cxovrebis
wess gamoxatavs. Qqurduli cxovrebis wesi rigi arsebiTi
elementebisagan Sedgeba, ris gamoc is gansakuTrebuli
sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebiT xasiaTdeba.
ssk-is 2231-e muxli, rogorc aseTi, ramdenime kanonieri

qurdis monawileobas ar gamoricxavs, magram, rogorc
87
wesi, TiTouli `kanonieri qurdi,~ romelic qurduli
cxovrebis wesis matarebeli da mimdevaria, SeiZleba
pasuxisgebaSi mieces ara rogorc Tanamonawile, aramed
individulurad moqmedi piri, romelsac warsulSi or-
ganizebul danaSaulobaSi wevrobiT da masSi aqtiuri
saqmianobiT ukve damsaxurebuli aqvs am cxovrebis we-
sisaTvis niSandoblivi avtoriteti.
Cveni azriT, qarTveli kanonmdebeli sworad da-

upirispirda ara mxolod ukve Camoyalibebul krimi-
nals, rogorc qurduli cxovrebis wesis Sedegs da
produqts, aramed TviT am qurduli cxovrebis wess
da mis elementebs ukve maTi Casaxvis momentidan, raTa
`kanonierma qurdma` Camoyalibeba ver moaxerxos. am
gziT SeiZleba moiSalos `qurduli samyaroc,~ romelic,
Tavis mxriv, qmnis am samyaros mimdevrebs. am mimarTebiT
ufro meti yuradReba profilaqtikur zomebs unda mi-
eqces.
amrigad, aucilebeli anu faqtobrivi monawileobis

formebi, romlebic sazogadoebriv wesrigs xelyofen,
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis iuridiul formebs ar
warmoadgenen. iuridiulad SeuZlebelia Tanamonawile-
obis wesiT dakvalificirdes danaSauli sazogadoebri-
vi wesrigis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, masobrivi areulo-
ba, romelic ori an meti piris erToblivi moqmedebis
gareSe SeuZlebelia, magram am mimarTebiT danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileobis tradiciuli formebi gamoricxulia.
Aaqac xdeba aucilebeli faqtobrivisa da iuridiulis
gamijvna. samwuxarod, rusi kriminalistebi amas ar mij-
naven. maSasadame, isini sociologebi arian, radgan faq-
tobriv monawileobas iuridiulad Tanamonawileobad
asaReben. magaliTad, aRiarebulia bandis xelmZRvaneli
88
lideri, romelic qmnis bandas, anawilebs rolebs, ma-
gram bandaSi wamqezebeli an damxmare ki araa, aramed
bandis rigiTi wevrebi, romlebic emorCilebian bandis
xelmZRvanels. es rigiTi wevrebi arafriT ar hgvanan
wamqezeblebs an damxmareebs, an Tanaamsruleblebsac
ki. aq dasaxelebulia bandis dafinanseba, iaraRiT mo-
marageba, TavdasxmisaTvis obieqtis SerCeva, korumpire-
bul saxelmwifo moxeleebTan kontaqtis damyareba, rac
organizatoruli funqcia ufroa, vidre ubralo Ta-
naamsrulebloba.52
saintereso azria gamoTqmuli ruseTis sisxlis sa-

marTlis kodeqsis komentarebSi: moqmedeba im pire-
bisa, romlebic bandis wevrebs ar warmoadgenen da ar
monawileobdnen bandis mier mowyobil TavdasxmebSi,
magram xels uwyobdnen Bbandis calkeuli wevrebis moq-
medebas, unda dakvalificirdes, rogorc danaSaulSi
Tanamonawileoba. magaliTad, bandis wevrisaTvis iara-
Ris miyidva, bandisaTvis transportis gadacema, Tav-
dasxmis obieqtze miTiTeba _ daxmareba.53 maSasadame,
bandis rigiTi wevrebi Tanamonawileebs ar warmoad-
genen. bandis wevri, romelsac xels uwyobs damxmare, am
ukanasknelTan mimarTebaSi aris amsrulebeli.
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom faqtobrivi, anu, aucilebeli

Tanamonawileobis formebi (magaliTad, banditizmi),
romlebic xelyofen sazogadoebriv wesrigs, iuridi-
ulad danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis tipur formebs ar
warmoadgenen. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom TviT
organizebuli danaSauli, rogorc aseTi, arsebobs,
radgan is, rac konkretuli formebisTvis zogadia, am
konkretul formebze ar daiyvaneba. maSasadame, orga-
52
ix. dasax. komentarebi, gv. 478.
53
iqve, gv. 476.
89
nizebuli danaSauli arc danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis
formas warmoadgens da arc misi gamovlenis formebze
ar daiyvaneba. Diqneb marTali iyvnen is germaneli krimi-
nalistebi, romlebic organizebul danaSauls, raRac
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis axal formad warmoaCend-
nen. niSandoblivia, rom TviT germaniis federaciul
respublikaSic ki, sadac amgvari rTuli problemebis
kvlevis tradiciuli interesi arsebobs, ver moxerxda
misi arsisa da masTan brZolis efeqturi RonisZiebis
SemuSaveba. rogorc marTebulad aRiniSna, òrganize-
buli danaSauli imdenad rTuli fenomenia, rom misi
iuridiuli daxasiaTeba mxolod erTmniSvnelovani niS-
nebiT SeuZlebeli xdeba.~54 NA
amrigad, sakmaoze metad rTulia, erTi mxriv, daadgino

organizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi, rogorc aseTi, misi
gamovlenis konkretuli formebisagan Ddamoukideblad,
xolo, meore mxriv, am konkretul formebSi aRmoaCino
organizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi. Tu organizebu-
li danaSaulis calkeuli gamovlinebani (magaliTad,
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba) dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileobis formas ar warmoadgens, maSin
logikuria daskvna, rom organizebuli danaSauli dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileobis wesiT ver sabuTdeba. aseTia
logikuri daskvna, Tumca danaSaulSi Tanamonawile-
obisagan misi mowyvetac dauSvebelia, radgan Tanaams-
ruleblobis gareSe arc organizebuli danaSauli ar-
sebobs. magaliTad, `kanonieri qurdebis` gaerTianeba
qurduli samyaros winaSe mdgari `sakiTxebis` gadasaw-
yvetad, qmnis Tanaamsruleblobis viTarebas, Tumca
TiToeuli kanonieri qurdi, gamomdinare qurduli sa-
myaros funqcionaluri daniSnulebidan, SeiZleba mo-
54
e. wiklauri, organizebuli danaSaulis gansazRreba da misi
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, Pparlamentis mrCevelTa sabWo, sa-
mecniero-analitikuri Jurnali, Tb., 1997, # 3, gv. 31.
90
qmedebdes erTpirovnuladac im ubanze, romelic, sxva
kanonier qurdebTan SeTanxmebiT, misi gavlenisa da mo-
qmedebis sferoa.
amrigad, organizebuli danaSauli, Tumca Tanamsrule-

blobis gareSe ar arsebobs, magram es Tanaamsrule-
blobac specifikuria da Tanamonawileobis tradiciul
formas ar emTxveva.
am mxriv calke ganxilvis Rirsia danaSaulebrivi da-

jgufebis organizacia (ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 210-e
muxli), aq igulisxmeba danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis or-
ganizeba, rac ukve iwvevs pasuxismgeblobas, imis miuxe-
davad, rom pirebi konkretul danaSauls ar sCadian. aq
gakeTebulia daskvna, rom es konstruqcia banditizmis
konstruqciis analogiuria.55 es organizacia gamoirCeva
simyariT, ierarqiiT, konkretul danaSaulebriv plat-
formaze dgomiT (bandituri, antikonstituciuri, kon-
trabandul-savaluto, nacionalisturi da sxva jgufi)
da moicavs sazRvargareTis mafiasTan kavSirs. samwux-
arod, rusul sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis yvela forma gaigivebulia
danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formebTan. magaliTad,
p. agapovi, roca igi exeba ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 35-e muxlis meoTxe nawilSi Setanil cvlile-
bas organizebuli danaSaulis cnebasTan dakavSirebiT,
am ukanasknels moixseniebs, rogorc danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis yvelaze ufro saSiS Fformas.56
55
ix. ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis dasax. komentarebi,
gv. 478.
56
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовое регулирование в сфере противодействия
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр. 4.
91
saintereso isaa, rom dasaxelebuli avtori danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileobis formebad asaxelebs banditizms
(ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 209-e muxli), danaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebis (danaSaulebrivi organizaciis) Seqmnas
(aRniSnuli kodeqsis 210-e muxli); eqstremistuli gaer-
Tianebis organizacias (ssk-is 2821-e muxli). avtori amt-
kicebs, rom ruseTis federaciis 210-e muxlis mixedviT
SeiZleba pasuxisgebaSi mivceT e. w. kanonieri qurdebi
da danaSaulebrivi samyaros sxva liderebi, romlebic
monawileoben organizebul jgufebSi, magram konkre-
tul danaSauls piradad ar sCadian.57
gasagebia, rom danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis trad-

iciuli konstruqcia organizebuli danaSaulis cne-
bas da misi gamovlenis formebs ar emTxveva. kerZod,
kriminalTa organizebuli erToba SeiZleba ise, rom
am erTobis romelime wevrma romelime konkretuli
danaSauli piradad ar Caidinos, maSin, roca danaSaul-
Si Tanamonawileoba sxva araferia, Tu ara ori an meti
piris ganzrax erToblivi monawileoba ganzrax dana-
Saulis CadenaSi (ssk-is 23-e muxli). am cnebaSi, rogorc
Cans, igulisxmeba pirTa ara marto zogadi socialuri
da fsiqikuri kavSiri, aramed sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis kerZo nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli
qmedebis Cadenac. cxadia, Tu kanonmdebeli akrZalavs
kriminaluri funqciis mqone gaerTianebis Seqmnas an
masSi monawileobas, es ukve damoukidebeli danaSaulia,
xolo, Tu am gaerTianebis wevrebi Caidenen konkretul
danaSaulebriv qmedebas, romelic sisxlis samarTlis
kerZo nawilis romelime muxlSia gaTvaliswinebuli, ma-
Sin saxezea danaSaulTa erToblioba.
57
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр. 5.
92
am mimarTebiT Semdgomi gaRrmavebuli kvleva aucile-
beli Cans, xolo amjerad, am zogadi mimoxilvis farg-
lebSi, mokled ganvixiloT termini òrganizebulobis~
meTodologiuri sakiTxebi.
§ 11. sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia da organize-

buli danaSaulis problema
didi dakvirveba ar sWirdeba imis gagebas, rom termini

òrganizebuli~ raime mTelis elementebis kavSiris
wess aRniSnavs. M Ggasagebia, rom rac ufro metia mTelis
elementebi, miT ufro maRali da mkacria am elementeb-
is Sinagani erTianobis wesi, anu organizebulobis for-
ma da xarisxi. samwuxarod, am problemis meTodologi-
uri sakiTxebi sustadaa Seswavlili. am mxriv erT-erTi
gamonaklisia m. setrovis naSromi, romelic jer kidev
1972 wels gamoqveynda da romelSic nacadia organize-
bulobis meTodologiuri sakiTxebis analizi. Aavtori
sworad amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, rom òrganizebu-
loba~ logikurad ukavSirdeba erTiani mTelis proble-
mas, rogorc sistemis Tvisebas. amasTan, organizebulo-
bis cnebaSi arsebiTia ara mxolod mizezobrivi kavSri,
aramed funqcionaluri kavSiric. avtoris daskvniT,
funqcionaluroba yoveli organizaciis yvelaze ufro
arsebiTi mxarea, Tumca, sadac funqcionaluri kavSiria,
_ jer kidev araa organizebuloba, magram amgvari fun-
qcionaluri kavSiris gareSe aranairi organizebuloba
ar arsebobs.58
avtoris mtkicebiT, `funqcia, misi organizaciulobis

gagebiT, mizezobrivi da funqcionaluri kavSirebis er-
58
М. И. Сетров, Основы функциональной теории организации, Ленинг-
рад, 1972, стр. 22.
93
Tianobis asaxvas warmoadgens.~59 avtoris mtkicebiT, or-
ganizebuloba sistemis Tvisebaa. imisaTvis, rom sistema
iyos organizebuli, _ msjelobs avtori, aucilebelia
erTdroulad ori saxis SeTavsebadobis arseboba: erTi
rigis elementebis SeTavsebadoba, rogorc urTierTze-
moqmedebis aucilebeli piroba, da calke aRebuli ele-
mentis SeTavsebadoba mTelis yvela sxva elementebTan,
ese igi, elementisa da sistemisa, romelSic igi Sedis.60
rogorc Cans, saqme exeba mTelisa da misi elementebis

Tanafardobis meTodologiur problemebs. kerZod,
mTeli erTgvarovani elementebisgan Sedgeba, xolo,
elementebis erTgvarovnoba mTeliT ganisazRreba. mTe-
lis yoveli calke aRebuli elementi, Tavis mxriv, SeT-
avsebadia mTelis, anu sistemis yvela sxva elementTan.
irkveva, rom erTi mxriv, mTelis Seqmna da misi qceva aris
misi nawilebis funqcionaluri urTierTzemoqmedebis
Sedegi, xolo meore mxriv, aRmoCndeba, rom sistemis,
rogorc mTelis, urTierTmomqmedi nawilebis Sesan-
arCuneblad, aucilebelia sistemis calkeuli nawilis
mizezobrivi damokidebuleba mTelze. nawilis moqmede-
ba, rogorc wesi, calsaxad, gansazRvravs mTelis moq-
medebas, da maSasadame, misi TviTSenaxvis unars.61
amrigad, irkveva, rom organizebuli danaSaulis cneba

da problema meTodologiurad mTelisa da nawilis di-
aleqtikuri kavSiris wesiT SeiZleba iqnes gagebuli.
mTelisa da nawilis problema ki, Tavis mxriv, sistemis
zogadTeoriul problemebs ukavSirdeba. saqme exeba
sistemuri midgomis filosofiuri da kerZo mecnieru-
li midgomebis Tanafardobas. ufro konkretulad rom
59
организованной преступности, `Уголовное право~, 2009, № 6, стр.. 32.
60
iqve, gv. 29.
61
iqve, gv. 32.
94
vTqvaT, sistemuri kvlevis meTodologia gviCvenebs,
rom sistema, rogorc garkveuli mTeli, aerTianebs ro-
gorc kauzalur, ise funqcionalur kavSirurTierTo-
bebs. erTia organizebuli danaSaulis mizezebi, xolo
meorea misi funqcionaluri daniSnuleba.
rogorc g. cincaZe aRniSnavs, `sistemuri gziT miRe-

buli Sedegebi naTlad metyveleben imaze, rom sistema,
misi elementebi da a. S. ganisazRvreba ara mxolod da ara
imdenad maTi substancionaluri, substraqtuli Tvise-
bebiT, aramed, da ufro metad maTi adgiliT Sesabamis
sferoSi da maT mier Sesrulebuli funqciebiT. siste-
muri midgoma, nacvlad calmxrivi mizezobrivi axsnisa,
yuradRebas amaxvilebs sakvlevi obieqtis mTliano-
briv, integralur Tvisebebze, mis sxvadasxva kavSirebsa
da stuqturaze.~62 A
am ukanaskneliT SeiZleba gagebul iqnes organizebuli

danaSaulis, rogorc NmTelis, Semadgeneli elementis Tu
struqturis funqcionaluri daniSnulebac. am pozici-
idan SeiZleba ukeT iqnes gagebuli organizebuli da-
naSaulisa da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis rogorc
saerTo, ise ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi. amjerad mokled
SevexebiT danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas e.w. funqcio-
naluri Teoriis mixedviT. am sakiTxze, rigi germaneli
kriminalistebis kvaldakval, yuradReba gaamaxvila m.
turavam. Mmisi azriT, piri yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis uSualo
monawile SeiZleba ar iyos, magram is, vinc gareT ic-
dida, raTa TavdamsxmelebisTvis saSiSroebis signali
mieca, damxmare ki araa, aramed, Tavisi funqciiT, yaC-
aRuri Tavdasxmis Tanaamsrulebelia.63
62
g. cincaZe, mecnieruli kvelevis sistemuri meTodi, Tb.,
1980, gv. 64-65.
63
m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva,
me-8 gamocema, Tb., 2010, gv. 271.
95
rogorc ukve iyo naTqvami, germanuli sisxlis samar-
Tlis dogmatikaSi òrganizatoris~ cneba ucnobia da
gabatonebulia `qmdebaze funqcionaluri batonobis~
Teoria da amis mixedviT aris gagebuli amsrulebeli,
romelic mTavari figuris saxiT, qmedebaze batonobs,
da Tanamonawile, romelic qmedebaze batonobis gareSe,
gverdiTi figuris saxiT, gamoiwvevs qmedebis Cadenas,
an xels Seuwyobs mis Cadenas.64 aqedan gamomdinare, dge-
ba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gadawydes pa-
suxismgebloba jgufis xelmRvanelisa, romelic konk-
retuli Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi uSualod ar
iRebda monawileobas. arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Ta-
naxmad, bandis meTauri, romelmac moifiqra da Seadgina
danaSaulis Cadenis gegma, gaacno igi Tanamzraxvelebs,
wamqezebeli iqneboda, Tu misi Tanamzraxvelebi Cai-
dendnen qurdobas binaSi SeRweviT, xolo is, am dros,
sakuTari Tavisa da bandisaTvis raime eWvis CamoSore-
bis mizniT, Teatralur warmodgenas daeswreboda. am
mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod aq isaa naTqvami, rom bandis
xelmZRvanelis rolisa da qmedebaSi misi pirvelxarisx-
ovani funqciis gaTvaliswinebiT, is ar SeiZleba wamqe-
zeblis an damxmaris rolSi gamovides.65 Aam sakiTxis gad-
awyvetisas, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli qmedeba-
ze funqcionaluri batonobis umdablesi zRvari.66
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom organizebuli danaSaulis prob-

lematikaSi, mizezobrivi kavSiris gverdiT, funqcio-
naluri kavSiric unda gaviTvaliswinoT. Aam Tvalsaz-
64
i. veselsi, v. boilke, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, da-
naSauli da misi agebuleba, Targmna z. arseniSvilma, samecnie-
ro redaqtori i.dvaliZe, Tb., 2010, gv. 290-291.
65
iqve, gv. 300.
66
iqve, gv. 299.
96
risiT, SedarebiT ufro naTlad dgeba organizebuli
danaSaulis, rogorc raRac mTelis, da misi struqtu-
ruli rgolis Tanafardobis problema. kerZod, erTi
mxriv, organizebuli danaSauli aris misi struqtu-
ruli organizaciis gansakuTrebuli forma, romlis
funqcia danaSaulis Cadenaa. meore mxriv, danaSaulis
konkretul Semadgenlobas axorcilebs ara danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia, rogorc aseTi, aramed organize-
buli danaSaulis, rogorc MmTelis, konkretuli struq-
turuli danayofi, romelic organizebuli danaSaulis,
rogorc mTelis, funqcias asrulebs. aqedan gamomdin-
are, gasagebia, Tu danaSaulis Cadena organizebuli da-
naSaulis calkeul struqturul rgolebs aekrZale-
baT. ufro rTulia imisi dasabuTeba, rom SesaZlebelia
aikrZalos TviT organizebuli danaSaulobis, rogorc
mTelis, wevrobac. raki pirTa organizebuli kavSiri da-
naSulis Cadenis mizniT aris Seqmnili, igulisxmeba, rom
am organizebuli erTobis wevroba danaSaulis Cadenis
funqcionaluri rolisTvisaa gamiznuli, imis miuxeda-
vad, rom danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrma konkre-
tuli danaSauli SeiZleba arc Caidinos. M organizebuli
danaSaulobis, rogorc garkveuli mTelis, wevrobis
akrZalvis gareSe, es mTeli mudam iarsebebs, rogorc amM-
MmTelis struqturis macocxlebeli wyaro. danaSaulis
Cadenis es ormxrivi akrZalva Seesabameba organizebuli
danaSaulobis, rogorc mTelis, da misi struqturuli
danayofis funqcionalur erTianobas.
aqedan gamomdinare, vimeoreb, ideaSi savsebiT gama-

rTlebulia qarTveli kanonmdeblis pozicia, roca igi
danaSaulad acxadebs qurduli samyaros wevrobas da
kanonier qurdobas, raki es samyaro funqcionalurad
aris daniSnuli danaSaulis Casadenad, xolo am sam-
yaros wevroba, Tavis mxriv, danaSaulis Cadenis sazri-
sis matarebelia. amdenad, aq saqme am tipis danaSaulis
97
Tavidan acilebis problemebsac Seexeba. cxadia, am mi-
marTebiT aris problemebi, radgan, rogorc ukve Cans,
sakmaod rTulia am sferoSi kriminalis damtkiceba. Aam
mxriv winadadebebi bevria,67 maT Soris am sagranto naS-
romis TanaavtorTa mxrivac, rac, misasalmebelia, ma-
gram zogierTi gaugebroba mainc rCeba. magaliTad, erTi
da igive qmedebisTvis orjer dasjis akrZalvis sazrisi
davas ar iwvevs, magram gaugebaria, ratom ar SeiZleba
`kanonieri qurdi,~ romelmac moixada sasjeli amisTvis,
pasuxisgebaSi mieces ssk-is 2431-e muxliT, Tu igi kvlav
ganagrZobs an qurduli samyaros wevrobas, an kanonier
qurdad yofnas. Tu zemoT aRniSnuli ori saxis sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi akrZalva arsebobs, xolo Tu am kat-
egoriis pirma romelime akrZalva daarRvia, risTvisac
sasjeli moixada, kvlav daarRvia es akrZalva, cxadia, is
xelaxla unda mieces sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgeba-
Si, radgan am SemTxvevaSi saxezea axali danaSauli.
amrigad, organizebuloba, mTelis, rogorc garkveuli

sistemis, struqturuli elementebis Sinagani kavSiris
formaa da igi am formis gareSe ar arsebobs. am Tvalsaz-
risiT, advili Cans imisi damtkiceba, rom sistemisa da
misi struqturuli danayofis erTianobis logika See-
sabameba ruseTis sisxlissamarTlebriv literaturaSi
sakmaod gavrcelebul mosazrebas, rom arsebobs dana-
Saulebrivi gaerTianeba (danaSaulebrivi organizacia),
romelic ruseTisa da misi regionebis am uzarmazar
masStabSi, savsebiT SesaZlebelia. miT ufro, Tu saqme
exeba garkveuli struqturis mqone gaerTanebas. swored
struqturuli dayofis principi amxels im arsebiT sx-
vaobas, rac arsebobs konkretul organizebul jgufsa
67
ix. d. mumlaZe, l. ZnelaZe, brZola organizebuli danaSaulo-
bis (mafiis) winaRmdeg: SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizi, saqa-
rTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, `marTlmsajuleba,~ 2008, # 2.
98
da danaSaulebriv gaerTianebas Soris: konkretuli or-
ganizebuli jgufi ukve struqturaa, romelic SeiZle-
ba iyos ufro didi gaerTianebis elementi, an sruli-
ad damoukidebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi, romelic
struqtrul dayofas ukve ar eqvemdebareba. es krite-
riumi, anu struqturuli dayofa, Cveni azriT, damaxas-
iaTebelia ruseTis masStabiT SesaZlo danaSaulebrivi
gaerTianebisTvis (danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis),
xolo saqarTveloSi organizebul danaSauls amgvari
struqturuli dayofa, rogorc wesi, ar aqvs. amaze me-
tyvelebs is diskusia, rac am mxriv ruseTis sisxlissa-
marTlebriv literaturaSi mimdinareobs. magaliTad,
sadavo xdeba is sakiTxi, imijneba Tu ara termini `sim-
yare~ Cveulebrivi organizebuli jgufi danaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebisgan? (organizaciisgan?) magaliTad, s.
Jivniri midis daskvnamde, rom terminebi (kategoriebi),
rogoricaa: simyare da darazuloba SeiZleba axasiaTeb-
des ufro dabali organizaciis danaSaulebriv jgufs
(magaliTad, banditizms), vidre ufro didi masStabis
danaSaulebriv gaerTianebas.68
ufro sainteresod gveCveneba p. agapovis mosazreba,

roca igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs danaSaulebrivi gaer-
Tianebis (organizaciis) struqturulobis Taobaze.
Aavtoris mtkicebiT, struqtura msoflioSi arsebuli
obieqtebisa da sistemebis ganuyofeli Tvisebaa. Aaqedan
avtori askvnis, rom danaSaulebrivi gaerTianeba Sedge-
ba struqturuli danayofebisgan (bloki, rgoli, briga-
da), romelic danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis interesebSi
moqmedebs.69
68
С. Живнир, К вопросу об определении преступного сообщества в уго-
ловном законе, ,,Уголовное право~ 2005, №1, стр. 56. aseve ix. m. baZa-
Rua, jgufuri danaSauloba, Tb., 1998.
69
П. Агапов, Уголовно-правовые регулирование в сфере противодействия
огранизованной преступности~ `Уголовное Право~, 2009, № 4, стр. 4.
99
amrigad, avtori meTodologiurad sworad msjelobs,
roca igi organizebuli danaSaulis problematikaSi
danaSaulebriv jgufebs Soris gamijvnis mTavar krite-
riumad iRebs `struqturis~ cnebas, radgan, iseTi didi
masStabis gaerTianeba, rogoricaa danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizacia, danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba da sxva amgvari
ukiduresad maRali danaSaulebrivi organizacia, misi
ufro konkretuli struqturuli danayofis gareSe
SeuZlebelia.
aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobs Tu ara saqarTvelos si-

namdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi forma,
romelic sul mcire, ori struqturuli jgufisgan
Sedgeba? Aam kiTxvaze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 27-e muxlis mesame nawilSi dadebiTi pasuxia
gacemuli, radgan aq pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom saqme
exeba struqturuli formis mqone jgufis mizandasaxul
moqmedebas.
Cven aq gvinda gavimeoroT a. mondoxonovis argumenti,

romelic zemoT ukve movitaneT: organizebuli da-
naSaulis struqturuli danayofi, minimalur doneze,
niSnavs aranakleb or struqturul danayofs, aranak-
leb ori wevriT, da TiToeuli struqturis aranakleb
or wevrs. gaeros ukve dasaxelebul konvenciaSi ki,
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, organizebuli danaSaulis Amini-
malur struqturad sami kriminalia dasaxelebuli. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, dgeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, gamoxatavs
Tu ara saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e
muxlis mesame nawili, romelic organizebuli danaSau-
lis struqturuli dayofidan amodis, saqarTvelos si-
namdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis Taviseburebas?
am kiTxvaze pasuxisTvis saWiro iqneba organizebuli
100
danaSaulisa da danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis Tanafar-
dobis problemis Semdgomi kvleva da analizi. Tumca, Tu
imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom organizebuli danaSauli,
rogorc Cans, transnacionaluri xasiaTisaa, saqarT-
veloSi organizebuli danaSaulis konkretul formebs
kavSiri aqvT sazRvargareTis qveynebSi mokalaTebul
danaSaulebriv gaerTianebebTan (danaSaulebriv orga-
nizaciebTan). Ees gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa e. w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis` saqmianobis fonze, roca am tipis krim-
inalTa didi nawili saqarTvelodan gaqceulia, da Tavs
afarebs, rogorc wesi, ruseTs, Tumca kriminalur saqmi-
anobas iqac ganagrZobs. aqedan gamomdinare, garkveuli
azriT, saqarTveloSi organizebuli danaSaulis konk-
retuli formebi, imis gamo, rom maT raRacnairi kavSiri
aqvT sazRvargareTis danaSaulebriv struqturebTan,
garkveuli pirobiTi azriT, SeiZleba organizebuli da-
naSaulis struqturul danayofad miviCnioT.
amrigad, imis miuxedavad, rom organizebuli danaSau-

lis tradiciuli formebi Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi
Ggasaocrad mcirdeba, es problema Semdgom gaRrmavebas
moiTxovs. magaliTad, utyuari monacemebiT, saqarT-
veloSi 2010 wels qurduli samyaros wevrobis sul
20 SemTxveva gamovlinda; ukanono Semosavlis legal-
izaciisa _ 22 SemTxveva; trefikingisa _ 11 da a.S. es
maSin, roca Tanamedrove ruseTSi organizebuli dana-
Sauli am qveynis erovnul tragediad iTvleba.
saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi organizebuli danaSaulis

am tipuri formebis Semcirebis amgvari tendencia Ziri-
Tadad mainc imis Sedegia, rom qarTulma saxelmwifom
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi WeSmariti poli-
tikuri neba gamoavlina, sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwi-
foebrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferodan gamoaZeva
101
organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi pirvelxarisxovani
wyaro, rogoricaa korufcia; mkacri wesrigi da dis-
ciplina daamyara momsaxurebis, oficialuri dokumen-
tebis brunvisa Tu privatizaciis sferoSi; sruliad
axal doneze dadga da gadawyda kidec samarTaldamcavi
organoebis reformirebis problemebi, ris Sedegadac
organizebul danaSauls safuZveli ecleba ara marto
qveynis SigniT, aramed sagareo kavSir-urTierTobis
sferoSic.
qarTuli saxelmwifos amgvari, aSkarad aqtiuri poli-

tikuri neba, romelic mravali Tanamedrove miRwevebis
safuZvelia, samwuxarod, umtkivneulod ar vlindeba,
radgan, am TvalsazrisiT, saxelmwifo, garkveul wilad,
win uswrebs sazogadoebas, ris gamoc viTareba arc Tu
iSviaTad iZabeba. Ggamosavali is ki araa, rom saxelmwi-
foebrivi sawyisi ukan gadaixaros, aramed, piriqiT, sa-
zogadoebrivi sawyisi saxelmwifoebriv sawyisis Sesa-
bamisad ganviTardes da win uswrebdes kidec mas.
102
irakli dvaliZe
samarTlis doqtori
Tavi II
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia (JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE)
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi
§ 1. individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-

ismgeblobis principi saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-
TalSi
Tanamedrove msoflios ganviTarebuli qveynebis Sida

kanonmdeblobebiT akrZalulia sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba sxvis mier ganxorcielebuli qmede-
bisTvis. Sesabamisad, subieqturi Seracxvis, individu-
aluri bralis dadgenis gareSe, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis daweseba Tanamedrove sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi ideebis darRveva iqneba. es ideebi mxolod
ganxorcielebuli qmedebisTvis da am qmedebis subieq-
turi Seracxvis safuZvelze pasuxismgeblobis dawese-
bas gulisxmobs.
imis miuxedavad, rom saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTal-

Si aRiarebulia individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis principi, man ganviTarebis sakmaod
winaaRmdegobrivi gza ganvlo. rogorc qvemoT davinax-
avT, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi am fuZemdebluri princi-
pis darRveveasac hqonda adgili, romlis gamarTlebis
mcdeloba sxvadasxva urTierTisawinaaRmdego da arad-
amajerebeli argumentebiT xdeboda.
103
individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bis principi naTladaa gamoxatuli sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebaSi, romelic
miRebulia 1998 wlis 17 ivliss. aRniSnuli wesdebis 25-e
muxlis pirveli da meore nawilebis mixedviT, pasux-
ismgebloba mxolod fizikur pirebze vrceldeba da maT
pasuxismgebloba mxolod sakuTari, individualuri mo-
qmedebisTvis ekisrebaT.
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis

wesdebis miRebas win mravali politikuri debatebi uZ-
Rvoda, rac sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
specifikiTaa nawarmoebi. kerZod, saerTaSoriso da-
naSaulebi, yovelTvis masStabur xasiaTs atarebs, rac
danaSaulis Camden pirTa da dazaralebulTa simrav-
liTaa gamowveuli. amasTan, gansakuTrebul sirTules
iwvevs gamoZiebis warmoeba da Sesabamisi mtkicebule-
bebis mopoveba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis gansaxor-
cieleblad.
vinaidan saerTaSoriso danaSaulebi yovelTvis ga-

moirCeva damnaSaveTa simravliTa da garkveuli xarisx-
is organizebulobiT, mtkicebulebaTa mopovebisa da
damagrebis sirTuliT, amitom individualuri pasux-
ismgeblobis principze agebul saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTalSi, gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom
danaSaulSi Tanaamsruleblobis, SualobiTi amsrule-
blobisa Tu Tanamonawileobis sakiTxi yvelaze prob-
lematuria.

wesdebis 25-e muxliT, pasuxismgebloba dawesebulia
aramxolod danaSaulis uSualod Camdeni pirebis mi-
marT, aramed maT mimarTac, vinc Tavisi moqmedebiT
104
`raRac wvlili~ Seitana danaSaulis Casadenad. marTe-
buladaa miTiTebuli iuridiul literaturaSi, rom
`sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis enaze, statuti icnobs
rogorc amsruleblobas, Tanaamsruleblobas, Tana-
monawileobas, aseve e.w. SualobiT amsruleblobas.~70
cnobilia, rom samosamarTlo saqmianoba mxolod daw-

eril samarTals ar eyrdnoba, rac imas niSnavs, rom
gamosayenebeli samarTali mxolod arsebuli kanonmde-
blobiT ar amoiwureba. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi, romelic, SeiZleba iTq-
vas, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi arsebuli Sexedulebebis
nazavs warmoadgens. kanonierebis princips sisxlis sa-
marTalSi, rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSoriso doneze,
udidesi yuradReba eqceva. Tumca isic unda vaRiaroT,
rom yvelafris winaswarganWvreta da Sesabamis normebSi
asaxva SueZlebelia. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlaSi
gamosayenebeli samarTlis wyarod arsebul kanonmde-
blobasTan erTad, sasamarTlo precedenti da saerTa-
Soriso doneze aRiarebuli principebi da Cveulebebi
miiCneva. aqve ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom adamianis ufle-
bebis dacva samarTalgamoyenebiT saqmianobaSi wamyvani
Rirebulebaa. swored amitom, saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTalSi kanonis interpretaciis sakiTxi udidesi
yuradRebis Rirsia. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi
aRiarebuli fundamenturi Rirebulebebis dacva bev-
radaa damokideuli imaze, Tu rogor ganimarteba kano-
ni. naSromis am nawilSi warmodgenili kvlevis sagnis
problematuroba, swored, saerTaSoriso sasamarTloe-
bis mier kanonis interpretaciam ganapiroba.
70
m. turava, sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo,
romis statutTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamiso-
bis komentari, Tb., 2005, gv. 107.
105
individualuri pasuxismgeblobis principidan gamon-
aklisi daSvebuli iyo mniSvnelovani omis danaSaulebi-
sTvis Seqmnili niurnbergis saerTaSoriso samxedro
tribunalis wesdebis me-9 da me-10 muxlebiT. me-9 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, romelime jgufis an organizaciis wevris
sasamarTlo procesze tribunals SeuZlia (im dana-
SaulebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebSic mas brali edeba)
ganacxados, rom jgufi an organizacia, romlis wevr-
ic es piria, aris danaSaulebrivi organizacia. me-10
muxlis mixedviT ki, im SemTxvevaSi Tu jgufi an orga-
nizacia, romelic danaSaulebrivadaa gamocxadebuli
tribunalis mier, kompetentur erovnul organos an
xelmomwer mxares ufleba aqvs gadasces piri marTlm-
sajulebis gansaxorcieleblad erovnul, samxedro an
specializebul sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevebSi jgu-
fis an organizaciis danaSaulebrivi buneba ganixileba
damtkicebulad da ar badebs eWvs.71
`maSasadame, danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi ubralo

wevrobac ki, ganixileba danaSaulad, imis miuxedavad,
amgvari monawileoba iyo Tu ara nebayoflobiTi. omis
danaSaulebisTvis omis Semdeg Seqmnili sasamarTloe-
bisTvis amgvari erTiani gegmis idea, pirvelad ganx-
ilvis sagnad aqcia qolonel murai k. bernaisma (Colonel
Murray C. Bernays) 1944 wels aSS-Si, pentagonSi da mxari
omis mdivanma stimsonma arapirdapir dauWira (Stimson)
da miuTiTa, rom àrasodes iqneba imis saSualeba, rom
SevipyroT da gavasamarTloT germanuli aliansis (Axis)
omis danaSaulis yoveli piri an kidev maTgan umravle-
soba, Zveli koncefciiT da procedurebiT.72~
71
ix. Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law, 2003, p. 137.
72
See Memo by Colonel Brnays of 15 September 1944, in B.F. Smith, The
106
`gioringis (Göring) da sxvaTa sasamarTlo procesze
mniSvnelovani omis danaSaulebisTvis Seqmnili niurn-
bergis saerTaSoriso samxedro tribunalma arapirda-
pir zogierTi organizacia danaSaulebrivad moixsenia:
nacisturi partiis liderTa korpusi; gestapo da faSis-
turi germaniis uSiSroebis samsaxuri; eseselTa razme-
bi. amis miuxedavad, tribunalma uaryo òbieqturi~ anu
`jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis~ doqtrina da daubrunda
sisxlis samarTlis tradiciuli cnebebis wesdebiT mo-
cemul pirobebs.~73
`sxva tribunalebma mxari dauWires piradi pasuxismge-

blobis princips, romelic mniSvnelovani omis da-
naSaulebisTvis Seqmnili niurnbergis saerTaSoriso
samxedro tribunalma gamoiyena sasamarTlo procesze.
magaliTad, krupis (Krupp) da sxvaTa saqmeebze, sadac 12
gansasjeli krupis industriul sawarmoSi mniSvnelo-
van samsaxurebriv movaleobas asrulebdnen da germani-
is politikur, finansur, industriul da ekonomikur
cxovrebaSi maRali poziciebi ekavaT. niurnbergSi gama-
rTul procesze aSS tribunalma aRniSna, rom braldeb-
ulebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba mxolod
maSin daekisrebaT, Tu maT `faqtiurad da personalu-
rad~ Caidines is danaSaulebi, romlebic maT bralad
eracxebaT.~74
American Rood to Nuremberg – Tne Documentary Record – 1944-45 (Stan-

dorf, Cal.: Hoover Institution Press, 1982), at 35. citirebulia: Antonio
Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 137.
73
iqve, gv. 138.
74
ìs martivi faqti, imis garda, rom braldebuli iyo krupis
direqtoratis wevri an firmis samsaxuris mniSvnelovani mov-
107
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,
romlis mixedviTac gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia ar arRvevs individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis princips. magaliTad, gostavsonis azriT, ìmis
miuxedavad, rom am modelis safuZvelze bralad Se-
racxuli danaSaulebi ganxorcielda gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saSualebiT, aucile-
beli iyo imis warmoCena, rom yvela gaerTianebul da-
naSaulebriv organizacias, sul mcire, hyavs saerTo
wevrebi da damxmare, romelic gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizaciaSi moqmedebda ara damoukideblad,
aramed faqtiurad danaSaulebs axorcielebda mTavari
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrv organizaciis gegmis Ses-
abamisad. dasasrul, marTalia, braldebulebsa da ams-
ruleblebs Soris ar iyo savaldebulo bralad Seracx-
uli danaSaulebis ganxorcielebaze SeTanxmeba, magram
braldebulebs unda gaeziarebinaT amsruleblebis
mier am danaSaulTa Cadenis ganzraxva.75 am garemoebebis
aleobis Semsrulebeli, sakmarisi araa [sisxlissamaTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad].~ es citirebulia ameri-
kuli Corpus Juris Secundum korporaciuli pasuxismgeblobis
Sesaxeb dadgenilebidan, ris gamoc, korporaciis Cinovnikebs,
rogorc wesi, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ar
ekisrebaT sxva CinovnikTa an agentTa mier ganxorcielebuli
korporaciuli moqmedebebisTvis, Tumca pasuxs ageben maSin,
Tu maT faqtiurad da personalurad Caidines danaSauli an
amgvari moqmedebebi maTi brZanebiT an nebarTviT ganxor-
cielda, amitom es Cinovnikebi pasuxs ageben, `sadac maTi wi-
naswarSecnobadoba da avtoriteti dadgenilia, an sadac igi
uSualod imyofeba da moqmedebs.~ tribunalma damatebiT ga-
nacxada, rom zogierTi principi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT omis
danaSaulTa SemTxvevaSic (627-8). citirebulia: Antonio Cassese,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 139 (iqve sqolio 7).
75
braldebulebma unda gaiziaron amsruleblebis ganzraxva
108
gamo, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pa-
suxismgeblobis modeli Seesabameba individualuri
braleuli pasuxismgeblobis princips. yovelive es vr-
celdeba brjaninis saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlo pal-
atazec, romelmac gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-
nizacias sakmaod viwro formulireba gaukeTa.~76
`brjaninis saqmeSi mocemuli gaerTianebuli danaSau-

lebrivi organizaciis winaaRmdegobebma, Cans, rom
kanonieri saxe miiRo: 1) gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SeTxvevaSi braldebam unda daamtkicos
braldebulsa da amsrulebels (originalSi aq naxmaria
sityva `triggerman~, rac `sasxletis gamomkvrelad~ Sei-
Zleba iTargmnos. SeniSvna Cemia _ i.d.) Soris uSualo,
urTierTsanacvlo SeTanxmebis arseboba; 2) imis damt-
kiceba, rom braldebuli iziarebda gaerTianebuli dan-
im faqtis gamo, rom damxmare gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-

vi organizaciis wevrebs, maT Soris mTavari gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacias da damxmare gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ormag wevrebs, bralad unda
hqondeT Seracxuli danaSaulebis ganxorcielebis erTiani
ganzraxva da mTavari gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis yoveli wevri, Tavis mxriv, unda iziarebdes or-
magi wevrebis ganzraxvas Seracxuli danaSaulebis ganxor-
cielebis Sesaxeb (Tadić, supra note 1, § 228). Tumca, damxmare
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis amsruleblebi-
sTvis savaldebuloa mxolod mTavari gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevrebis im ganzraxvis gaziareba,
romelic moicavs damxmare gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis mier Cadenil danaSaulebs. citirebulia: Katrina
Gustafson, The Requirement of an Èxpress Agreement` for Joint Criminal
Enterprise Liability, A Critique of Brđanin, Journal of International Crimi-
nal Justice 5 (2007), 134-158, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 154 (iqve,
sqolio 72).
76
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 154-155.
109
aSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebel xelmZRvanelTa
ganzraxvas, sakmarisi araa moTxovnisTvis; 3) tadiCis
saqmeSi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
winaswarganWvretadoba ufro mcirea, vidre brjaninis
saqmeSi.~77
àrsebiTad, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-

nizaciis mTeli Rirebuleba isaa, rom igi akavSirebs im
damnaSaveebs, visac fizikurad ar miuRiaT monawileo-
ba konkretuli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi, dana-
SaulebTan, romlebic erT saerTo jgufSi Semaval dam-
naSaveTa Canafiqrs warmoadgenda.~78
elis van slaidregTis azriT, gaerTianebuli danaSau-

lebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebi imitom dgindeboda,
rom amiT garantiebuli yofiliyo mis sazRvrebSi in-
dividualuri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebi. amis miuxe-
davad, danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi individis mier
specifikuri wvlilis Setanili ganxilvis nacvlad, igi
yuradRebas amaxvilebs jgufis arsze koleqtiuri sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis zogadi princi-
pebis WrilSi. sxvaTa pasuxismgebloba dasaSvebia, Tu 1)
arsebobs maRali xarisxis solidaroba gaerTianebaSi,
2) esaa kontrolis xarisxi maTze, visi qcevebic iwvevs
koleqtiur pasuxismgeblobas an, 3) TiToeulma maTganma
nebayoflobiT SeiTavsa konkretuli roli gaerTiane-
bis farglebSi da Tavisi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare,
jgufisgan mowyvetiT SeeZlo nebayoflobiT xeli aeRo
am rolis Sesrulebaze.79
krnojelakisa da vasileviCis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianeba ar miiCnia,
77
A.O’Roorke, Joint Criminal Enterpise and Brđanin: Misguided overcorrec-
tion, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 47, 2006, pp. 321-322.
78
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 137.
79
van Sliedregt, supra note 3, at 351. citirebulia: ix. Katrina Gus-
tafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 141.
110
rogorc pasuxismgeblobis forma da daaskvna Semdegi:
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia araa pa-
suxismgeblobis Sesabamisi forma, rodesac aRwers
braldebulTa individualur pasuxismgeblobas. am
situaciaSi, igi uCveulod farTo bunebis matarebelia,
sadac sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldeba cdilobs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebSi
moaqcios piri, romelic struqturulad daSorebulia
im danaSaulisgan, romelic bralad Seeracxa da sabral-
debo daskvniT igi braldebuladaa cnobili.~80
`sasamarTlo palatis Sexeduleba, rom gaerTianebuli

danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasuximgebloba ar
Seesabameba im pirTa pasuxismgeblobis SemTxvevebs,
romlebic `struqturulad daSorebulni arian~ da-
naSaulis fizikurad ganxorcielebisgan, mkveTrad
miuTiTebs, rom sasamarTlo palata, rogorc wesi, ar
ganixilavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis pasuxismgeblobas mxolod im maRalCinosani
pirebis Sesatyvis pasuxismgeblobis formad, romle-
bic, rogorc wesi, struqturulad daSorebulni arian
faqtobrivi kuTxiT. es arsebiTi ganviTareba iqneboda,
Tu sasamarTlo palatis amgvar daskvnas mxars dauW-
erda apelacia. es gaarTulebda braldebisTvis daekis-
rebinaT meTaurTaTvis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis gamo pasuxismgebloba, romlebic,
80
Brđanin, supra note 2, § 354. sasamarTlo palatis Tanaxmad,
amgvari SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri mtkicebulebebi
gamoiwvevda imis dadasturebas, rom mtkicebulebebidan ga-
momdinare, erTaderTi gonivruli daskvnaa is, rom bral-
debulis da amsrulebelis stratigiuli gegmis gansaxor-
cieleblad SeTanxmebulad moqmedebisTvis, aucilebeli iyo
SeTanxmebis arseboba. citirebulia:Katrina Gustafson, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 144 (iqve, sqolio 41).
111
umeteswilad, daSorebulebi arian danaSaulis fizi-
kurad ganxorcielebisgan, xolo amgvari midgomiT sa-
samarTlo valdebuli iqneba daamtkicos amsrulebelsa
da sxva braldebulebs Soris aSkara SeTanxmeba im dana-
SaulTa Sesaxeb, romlebic bralad eracxebaT.81 meores
mxriv, amgvari moTxovna ueWveli garantireba iqneba
imis, rom bralad wardgenil danaSaulSi braldebuleb-
sa da amsruleblebs Soris mWidro kavSiri arsebobs. es
ki amcirebs gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaci-
aSi gaerTianebisTvis bralis wargenaSi Secdomis an in-
dividualuri pasuxismgeblobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
farglebis sxvagvarad gadametebis risks.~82
ambosi daaskvnis, rom II da III kategoriis gaerTianebu-

li danaSaulebrivi organizacia aris braldebis axali
da damoukidebeli (sistemuri) cnebebi, romelTac ar
gaaCniaT kanoniT daregulirebuli naTeli safuZveli
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi, ris gamoc maTi gam-
oyeneba arRvevs kanonierebis princips. aseve irRveva
braleulobis principi, radgan braleulobis principis
mixedviT, yvela unda daisajos mis mier individualu-
rad ganxorcielebuli qmedebisa da im wvlilisTvis,
romelic man Seitana jgufis mier danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebaSi, imis miuxedavad, mas ra funqcia ekisreboda
81
saapelacio palatam braldebis mxares nebadarTo
gaesaCivrebina amgvari gadawyvetileba; Tumca braldeba Se-
Tanxmda imaze, rom saCivris Sedegebi ar imoqmedebs braldeb-
ulTa mimarT gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisT-
vis pasuxismgeblobaze iqidan gamomdinare, rom bralmdebeli
am pozicias winaswar daeTanxma sasamarTlo procesze. bral-
debis mxaris saCivris pirveli safuZvelis daukmayofile-
blobis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobaze miRebuli gadawyvetileba:
Brđanin (IT-99-36-A), Appeals Chamber, 5 May 2005. citirebulia: Ka-
trina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 145 (iqve, sqolio 43).
82
iqve, gv. 144-145.
112
am gaerTianebaSi. samwuxaroa, rom kvoCkas saqmeze saa-
pelacio sasamarTlom ar ganasxvava damnaSaveTa mier Se-
tanili wvlili.83 gansakuTrebiT irRveva braleulobis
principi III kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SemTxvevaSi. Tuki jgufis yvela wevri
pasuxismgebelia sxva pirTa qmedebebisTvis, maSinac ki,
rodesac aRniSnuli qmedebebi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxme-
buli da mxolod winaswarganWvretadi iyo, maSin Tana-
monawileTa winaswari SeTanxmeba an gegma iqceva sanacv-
lagebo Seracxvis safuZveli, rac uaryofs kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul Tanaamsruleblobis umTavres prin-
cips.84 ìroniulad, rom iTqvas winaswarganWvretadobis
standarti ganuWvretels xdis braldebulis dasjado-
bas. daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am standartis
mixedviT, doqtrinas Semoaqvs mkacri pasuxismgelobis
forma.~85
jon lolandi asaxelebs sam problemas gaerTianeb-

uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mimarT. pirveli,
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias versad
ver vxvdebiT yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an ruandis saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTlos sasamarTlos wesdebaSi, ris ga-
moc mas ar gaaCnia sakanonmdeblo baza. meore, sakmaod
83
See supra note 26 et seq. and main text. Critical also van Sliedregt, su-
pra note 54, at 353-354; Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 134, 150.
citirebulia: Kai Ambos, Joint Criminal Enterprise and Command Re-
sponsibility, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 159-183, Ox-
ford University Press, 2007, p. 174.
84
See K. Ambos, der allgemeiner Teil des Völkerstrafrechts (Berlin: Duncker
und Humboldt, reprint 2004), at 557 et seq.; idem, La Parte Generale del
Derecho Penal Internacional (reprint Bogotá: Temis, 2006), 185 et seq. ci-
tirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 172-174.
85
iqve, gv. 174.
113
bundovani indikatoria imisTvis, rom braleluloba
daadginos. radovan karadiCis sabraldebo aqtSi, erT-
erT SemTxvevad miTiTebuli iyo, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebad miiCnevian bos-
niel serbTa xelmZRvanelobis, serbiis demokratiuli
partiisa da bosniel serbTa respublikuri, regionuli,
municipaluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis wevrebi...
meTaurebi, maTi TanaSemweebi, ufrosi oficrebi, serb-
Ta Sss ganyofilebaTa ufrosebi, iugoslavel xalxTa
armiis, iugoslaviis armiis, bosniisa da hercogovinis
republikis serbTa armiis, bosniel serbTa Sss, bos-
niel serbTa terotoriuli Tavdacvis meTaurebi da
bosniel serbTa da serbTa gasamxedroebuli Zalebisa
da nebayoflobiTi gaerTianebis liderebi. es xalxTa
didi raodenobaa. slobodan miloSeviCis saqmeSi, sadac
mas brali daedo gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis (am braldebas mosamarTleebma mxari dau-
Wires, riTac maT erT uzarmazar sasamarTlo procesSi
gaaerTianes sami calkeuli sabraldebo daskva), 1991
wlis bolodan 1999 wlis Suamde gagrZelda da mravali
`cnobili da ucnobi~ adamianis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna ganxorcielda.86
ZiriTadi idea isaa, rom is vinc SeurTdeba danaSau-

lebrivi organizaciis erTobas, isini koleqtiurad
pasuxismgebelni arian am organizaciis wevrebis mier
Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis. ufro metic, es doqtrina
saeWvoa ufro mciredi darRvevebis donezec. 1952 wels
derik bentlisa da kris kreigis sayovelTaod cnobil
SemTxvevaSi, bentli cnobil iqna damnaSaved binaSi SeR-
86
ix. John Laughland, Conspiracy, joint criminal enterprise and com-
mand responsibility in international criminal law. The Hague, 14 No-
vember 2009, pp. 1-2. http://www.heritagetpirdefense.org/papers/
John_laughland_Conspiracy_joint_criminal_enterprise_and_command_
responsibility.pdf (mopovebis TariRi 7.04.2011).
114
weviT qurdobisas misi Tanamzraxvel kris kreigis mier
policielis cecxlsasroli iaraRiT mkvlelobis ganx-
orcielebis miuxedavad. braldebas safuZvlad daedo
òrganizebuli gaerTianebis~ koncefcia.87
kvoCkas saqmeze yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarT-

lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palatam
daadgina Semdegi: `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis dros ar aris aucilebeli raime aRmatebuli
pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvra da arc imis mtkiceba, rom
arsebiTi an seriozuli wvlilia Setanili.~88 brjaninis
saqmeze dadginda, rom `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia ar moiTxovs danaSaulis Cadenis ganzrax-
vis damtkicebas.~89 es kargad ikveTeba genocidis Sem-
TxvevaSi. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organzaci-
isTvis SeiZleba piris dadanaSauleba im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac igi ar iyo am danaSaulis uSualo Semsrulebe-
li, magram iyo Tanamonawile, icoda danaSaulis Sesaxeb,
gascemda brZanebas, zeaRmatebulad pasuxismgebeli
iyo arsebiT wvlilze, ufro metic, ganzraxuli hqonda
amgvari wvlilis Setana.90
situacia erTob rTulia, rodesac mens rea-Si Tanamonaw-

ileobis xarisxi sakmaod maRalia. aq ikveTeba erTgvari
uxerxuloba: aris Tu ara TavisTavad gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis arseboba danaSauli anu
gaurkvevelia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia danaSaulia Tu pasuxismgeblobis forma. tri-
bunalebi uaryofen, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
87
ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
88
Kvoćka Appeal Judgement, 28 Feb 2005, par 99. citirebulia: iqve.
89
Kvoćka Appeals Chamber Judgement, 28 Feb 2005, par 104. citirebu-
lia: iqve.
90
ix. iqve.
115
vi organizacia axali danaSaulia, radgan maT ufleba
ara aqvT wesdebaSi Seitanon axali danaSauli. sinamd-
vileSi ki es ase ar aris. ufro metic, sakmaod arasaxar-
bieloa, rodesac ganaCenis gamotanas safuZvlad edeba
mxolod braldebulis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciaSi `monawileoba.~ es samxedro brZanebis
doqtrinis msgavsi problemaa. es gansakuTrebiT sadis-
kusio gaxda mas Semdeg, rac general iamaSitas Camoxr-
Cobis sakiTxi dadga 1945 wels.91
sainteresoa mosazreba terminebis `gegmisa~ da `dana-

Saulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ Taobaze. `pirveli, unda vico-
deT politikuri procesebis istoriuli precedentebi
danaSaulebrivi SeTqmulebaSi msjavrdebulTa Sesaxeb.
sakmaod parodiuli marTlmsajulebebi iyo ganxor-
cielebuli SeTqmulebisTvis msjavrdebis gamo. lui XVI
braldebuli iyo SeTqmulebaSi; aseve marSal peteins
brali daedo SeTqmulebaSi, magram SemdegSi prokura-
turam uari ganacxada sasamarTlo procesze braldeba-
ze. 1938 wels nikoloz buxarinisa da sxvaTa sasamarTlo
procesze, mTavari gansasjeli asaCivrebda imas, rom mas
bralad edeboda im xalxTan Sexvedra, romelTac aras-
dros Sexvedria. ssrk-is sayovelTaod cnobili gener-
aluri prokurori andrei viSinski, acxadebda, rom me-
same kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia kargadaa cnobili samarTlisTvis. magram aris
ki moskovis aRniSnuli sasamarTlo procesebi Taname-
drove saerTaSoriso tribunalebis sasamarTlo praq-
tikis namdvili nimuSi, Tundac mimsgavsebuli?~92
meore, rogorc davinaxeT, esaa `gegmis~ gagebis logi-
kuri araTanmimdevruloba. erTi mxriv, gansaxilveli
91
On the Yamashita case, see the account by his lawyer, A. Frank REEL,
The Case of General Yamashita (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
citirebulia: ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
92
iqve.
116
danaSauli (gansakuTrebiT genocidi), romelic Camoy-
aliebulia nacisturi gagebiT, romelic moicavs gaer-
Tianebis dagegmvisa da materialur-teqnikuri uzrun-
velyobis did raodenobas. es asaxulia sasamarTlo
praqtikas, kanonmdeblobasa da genocidis Sesaxeb kon-
venciis travaux preparatoires-Si.93
`faqtia, rom `gegmis~ cneba imdenad bundovania, rom igi

mxolod propagandistuli Rirebulebis matarebelia.
marTlac, es politikur SemTxvevaTa sasamarTlos gziT
gadawyvetaa. omis kanoni danaSaulebrivi gegmis kon-
cefciiT xdeba omis propagandistuli iaraRi, riTac
koleqtiuri pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisros ada-
mianTa did jgufs, garkveulwilad, maTi (savaraudo)
ganzraxvis safuZvlze.~94
mesame, igi gamomdinareobs pirveli ori punqtidan.

gegmis cneba ver asaxavs omis warmoebis namdvilo-
bas, ris gamoc igi realurad gamousadegaria omis da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg devnis gansaxorcieleblad. am
punqtis gansazRvrisTvis unda mivmarToT omis war-
moebis udides Teoretikoss klauzevitcs (Clausewitz).
klauzevitcis azriT, òmi, rogorc nacvalgebiTi aqti,
sadac mxareTa moqmedebebi erTmaneTTan mWidro kav-
SirSia, ufro metic, SeiZleba mtris moqmedebiT iyos
nakarnaxebi. omi esaa Zaladobis aqti da mis yovel gamoy-
enebas ar gaaCnia sazRvari. yoveli mxare sxvas uwesebs
samarTals da ormxriv moqmedebas mivyavarT winaaRmde-
gobamde. omis warmoebisas umTavresi mizani mtris gani-
araRebaa. Tumca, amis umTavresi mizezi, isaa, rom vidre
me Zirs ar davagdeb mters, me unda meSinodes misi, rom
man ar damagdos Zirs, ris gamoc me ar viqnebi situaci-
93
John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
94
iqve.
117
is baton-patroni. piriqiT, igi me Tavs maxvevs sakuTar
samarTals iseve, rogorc amas me vakeTeb.~95
dasasrul, individualuri pasuxismgeblobis darRve-

vis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli
olains. igi miiCnevs, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizacia arRvevs braleuli pasuxismgeblobis
princips. tadiCis saqmis mixedviT, yvela monawiles,
maTi gegmaSi monawileobis xarixsi miuxedavad, Tana-
bari sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ekisre-
baT.96 amis gamo, meorexarisxovani monawile iseve is-
jeba, rogorc mTavari organizatori. imis miuxedavad,
rom sasamarTlo iZulebuli iyo gansxvaveba gaekeTe-
bina monawileebs Soris gamamtyunebel ganaCenSi da
sxvadasxva simkacris sasjeli daeniSna,97 es mainc araa
sakamirisi, radgan damnaSaveTa sxvadasxva xarisxis dad-
95
See on this not only Carl von CLAUSEWITZ, Vom Kriege, (Book 1, Chap-
ter 1) but also René GIRARD’s reading, Achever Clausewitz (Paris: Carnets
Nord, 2007). citirebulia: ix. John Laughland, dasax. naSromi.
96
See, e.g., Prosecutor v. Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-T, T. Ch. II, 29 No-
vember 2002, par. 67 (“If the agreed crime is committed by one or other of
the participants in a joint criminal enterprise such as has already been dis-
cussed, all of the participants in that enterprise are equally guilty of the crime
regardless of the part played by each in its commission”). See also ICTY,
Judgement, Prosecutor v. Tadi, Case No. IT-94-1-A, A. Ch., 15 July 1999,
Klip/Sluiter, ALC-III-761, par. 191 (concluding that “the moral gravity of
such participation is often no less—or indeed no different—from that of those
actually carrying out the acts in question”); Antonio Cassese, International
Criminal Law, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2003, p. 181 (“[A]ll participants
in a common criminal action are equally responsible if they […] participate in
the action, whatever their position and the extent of their contribution, and…
intend to engage in the common criminal action”). ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-
Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases of
International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 742.
97
See Cassese, International Criminal Law, at 183 (noting that “it would be
diffi cult to distinguish between the degree of criminal liability, except for
sentencing purposes”). citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 742.
118
gena mxolod sasjelis funqcia araa; es danaSaulis fun-
qciacaa, romliTac piris gasamarTleba unda moxdes.98
§ 2. meTaurTa pasuxismgebloba saerTaSoriso sisxlis

samarTalSi
saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis masStaburi bunebidan ga-

momdinare, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi meTau-
risa an danaSaulis ganmaxorcielebeli dajgufebis,
misi formis miuxedavad, xelmZRvaneli piris dasjado-
bis sakiTxi piradi da braleuli pasuxismgeblobis
principTan mimarTebiT seriozuli kvlevis sagania.
ukanaskneli sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan aRsaniSnavia
wesdebis 28-e muxli. am muxlidan irkveva, rom `pirTa
gaerTianebis~ xelmZRvaneli moixsenieba oTxi formiT:
1) samxedro meTauri; 2) samxedro meTauris saxiT efeq-
turad moqmedi piri; 3) ufrosi; 4) sxva piri, romelSic
SeiZleba moviazroT yvela iseTi uflebamosilebis
mqone adamiani, romelsac hyavs xelqveiTebi da mis
daqvemdebarebaSi myof pirebs akontrolebs. am muxlSi
ganzraxva saxeldeba danaSaulis subieqtur Semadgen-
lobad. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom kanonmdebeli cod-
nasTan erTad, romelic ganzraxvis komponentia, al-
ternatiul inteleqtualur momentze, kerZod, codnis
valdebulebazec miuTiTebs, romelic zrdis xelmZR-
vanelTa pasuxismgebluri qcevis movaleobas danaSau-
lebrivi qmedebebisTvis.
`Tanamedrove precedentuli samarTali organizcia-

sTan99 mimarTebiT CamoTvlis meTauris pasuxismge-
98
ix.iqve, gv. 741-742.
99
Judjment, Delalić et al. (IT-96-21), Trial Chamber, 16 november 1998,
§§ 346. See also the following ICTY Judgments: Aleksovski (IT-95-14/1),
Trial Chamber, 25 June 1999, § 69 et seq.; concurring Appeals Chamber, 24
March 2000, §§ 69-77; Blaskić (IT-95-14), Trial Chamber, 3 March 2000,
289 et seq. (294); concurring Blaskić Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 484;
119
blobis sam pirobas:100 1) meTaurTan subordinaciuli
urTierTobis arseboba; 2) meTaurs daqvemdebarebul
pirTagan danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisTvis saWiro
RonisZiebaTa an am qmedebebisTvis dasjadobis ganux-
orcielebloba; 3) meTaurma icoda an hqonda safuZveli
scodnoda, rom danaSauli unda ganxorcielebuliyo an
ganxorcilda.~101
`precedentul samarTalSi gaerTianebuli danaSau-

lebrivi organizacia, aramarto jgufurad danaSau-
lis CamdenTa da brbos mier ganxorcielebul Zala-
dobaSi monawileTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da
msjavrdebisTvis, aramed amgvari pasuxismgebloba auc-
tor intelleqtualis mimarTac gamoiyeneba, romlebic saerTa-
Soriso danaSaulebis mTavari xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen.
amis yvelaze naTeli magaliTi slobodan miloCeviCis
mimarT ganxorcielebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev-
naa.102 aseve aRsaniSnavia krajiSnikis (Krajiŝnik) saqme,
kordić and Čerkez (IT-95-14/2), Trial Chamber, 26 February 2001, § 401 et
seq. (401); partly reversed by Appeals Chamber, 17 Desember 2004, but no
change with regard to the requirements for superior/command responsibility,
see ibid., § 827; Halović (IT-01-48), Trial Chamber, 16 November 2005, § 55
et seq.; Limaj et al. (IT-03-66), Trial Chamber, 30 November 2005, § 520 et
se. (hereinafter: ‘Hadzihasanović Trial Judgment’). For the ICTR: Akayesu
(ICTR-96-4), Trial Chamber, 2 September 1998, § 486 et seq.;’ Kayishema
and Ruzindana Trial Judgment’); Rutaganda (ICTR-96-3), Trial Chamber I,
6 Desember 1999, § 31 et seq.; Kajelijeli Trial Judgment’); semanza (ICTR-
97-20), Trial Chamber III, 15 May 2003, §§ 375-407. citirebulia: Kai
Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 161.
100
Orić (IT-03-68-T), Trial Chamber, 30 june 2006, § 294 (hereinafter: ‘Orić
Trial Judgment’) considers the principal crime(s) commited by the subordi-
nates as a fourth element. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 161.
101
iqve, gv. 161.
102
Indicment (‘Bosnia Herzogovina’), Miloŝević (IT-01-51-I), § 5-31; First
Amended Indictment (‘Croatia’) Miloŝević (IT-02-54-T), § 5-33; Second
Amended Indicment Slobodan Miloŝević, Milan Milutinović, NikolaSainović,
Dragoljob Ojdanić, Vlajiko Stojiković (IT-99-37-PT), § 16-29. citirebu-
120
sadac sasamarTlo palatam damnaSaved scno bosniel
serbTa lideroba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-
nizaciaSi monawileobiT danaSaulebis ganxorcieleba-
Si. aRniSnuli dajgufebis wevrebi iyvnen krajiSniki da
bosniel serbTa sxva liderebi.~103
kai ambosi dawvrilebiT ganixilavs yofili iugoslaviis

teritiriaze warmoSobili konfliqtebisa da saomari
moqmedebebis dros meTaurTa da maT daqvemdebarebul
pirTa SemTxvevebs da iugoslaviis saapelacio sasa-
marTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs, gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisa da brZanebis gace-
misTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tanadroulad (Simultaneous)
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas da akeTebs Semdeg kritikul
daskvnebs.104
`pirveli, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-

isa da brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis Tavse-
badobis moTxovna araa SezRuduli zemdgomTa da maR-
alCinosanTa (miloSeviCi, krstiCi) mimarT wayenebuli
saqmeebiT. igi aseve vrceldeba saSualo da dabali rangis
Tanamonawileebze (kvoCka, obrenoviCi, blagojeviCi da
jokiCi). meore, (faqtiurad) arsebuli mtkicebulebebis
safuZvelze mxolod ramdenime SemTxvevaSia SesaZle-
beli erTdroulad orive doqtrinis gamoyeneba. krsti-
Cis, kvoCkas da sxvaTa saqmeebze saapelacio palatam up-
iratesoba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias
mianiWa brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobasTan Se-
lia: Elies van Sliedregt, Joint Criminal Enterprise as a Pathway to Con-

victing Individuals for Genocide, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5
(2007), 184-207, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 186.
103
Judgment, Krajiŝnik (IT-00-39-T), Trial Chamber I, 27 September 2006
(hereinafter Krajiŝnik Judgment). citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt,
dasax. naSromi, gv. 186.
104
ix.iqve, gv. 162-166.
121
darebiT, rasac safuZvlad daedo samarTaldarRvevaTa
konkurenciis wesebi. faqtiurad precedentuli samar-
Tlis mixedviT, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulsa
(me-7(1) muxli) da braZanebis gacemas Soris upiratesoba
mieniWa gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias,
rogorc lex specialis.105 yovelive amis gamo, precedentul-
ma samarTalma ar gaavlo mkveTri zRvari am or doqtri-
nas Soris.~106
`meTauris pasuxismgeblobis mixedviT, meTauris mimarT

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna daiwyeba maTdami daqvem-
debarebulebis mier Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis da ar-
amxolod xelisuflebaSi yofnisas Cadenili gansxvave-
buli daudevrobiTi danaSaulebisTvis. II msoflio omis
precedentebis Semdeg, meTauris pasuxismgeblobis idea
aRiarebulia pozitiur samarTlebriv normad 1977 wels
miRebuli Jenevis konvenciis I damatebiT oqmSi arsebu-
li sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis seriozuli darRve-
vis sakiTxSi.107 iugoslaviis, ruandisa da siera leonis
tribunalebis SemTxvevaSi, tribunalTa gansjadi da-
naSaulebis daqvemdebarebulTa mier Cadenis faqti, àr
amsubuqebs misi xelmZRvanelis sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas, Tu man icoda an hqonda codnis
safuZveli, rom daqvemdebarebuli amgvar moqmedebas
ganaxorcielebda an ganaxorciela da xelmZRvanelma
aucilebeli da Sesabamisi zomebi ar miiRo amgvari moq-
105
See Judgment, Kordič έ Ćerkez (IT-95-14/2), Appeals Chamber, 17 De-
cember 2004, §§ 33-35; for East Timor see judgment, Lelan Sufa, Special
Panel for Serious Crimes, 25 November 2004, www.jsmp.minihub.org/
Court%20Monitoring/spsccaseinformation2003.htm (visited 24 March), §
18. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 166-167.
106
Critical also E. van Sliedregt, the Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for
Violation of Internationla Humanitarian Law (The Hague; TMC Asser Press,
2003), at 195; Osiel, supra note 1, 1760. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 166-167.
107
I damatebiTi oqmi, 86(2)-e muxli. citirebulia: William A. Shabas,
An introduction to the Intrenational Criminal Court, Third Edition, 2009, p. 221.
122
medebebis Tavidan asacileblad an amis gamo damnaSavee-
bis dasasjelad.~108
meTaurTa da pirebze kontrolis ganmaxorcielebel

sxva xelmZRvanelTa pasuxisgeblobis sakiTxis dasab-
uTebisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda
meore da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis koncefcia.
§ 3. Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis mi-

marTeba gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias-
Tan (Joint Criminal Enterprise) sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlo precedentebis mixedviT
individualuri da braleuli pasuximgeblobis princi-

pebis dacva gansakuTrebul sifrTxiles moiTxovs, Tu
danaSauli TanaamsruleblobiT an Tanamonawileobis
formiTaa Cadenili. swored, Tanaamsruleblobisa da
Tanamonawileobis iseTma rTulma formam, rogoricaa
organizebuli jgufis mier Cadenili danaSauli, gamoi-
wvia mecnierTa farTo diskusia.
saerTod, organizebuli danaSaulis ZiriTadi arsi isaa,

rom jgufis mier Cadenili danaSaulisTvis sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ise dasabuTdes, rom ar
dairRves sisxlis samarTlis fundamenturi principe-
bi. am proplemis gadaWras, rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT,
108
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
tribunali, gaeros dokumenti S/RES/827 (1993), damateba, me-
7(3) muxli; ruandis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlo, gaeros dokumenti S/RES/955 (1994), damateba, me-6(3)
muxli; siera leonis specialuri sasamarTlo, me-6(3) muxli.
citirebulia: William A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.
123
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebi, kanonis interpretaciis
safuZvelze Camoyalibebuli e.w. gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis (Joint Criminal Enterprise) cnebiT
Seecadnen.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-

lebrivi organizaciis wevrebis mier Cadenili dana-
SaulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis gamarTleba an uaryofa,
garkveulwilad, samarTlebrivi sistemis bunebazecaa
damokidebuli. kerZod, romanul-germanuli da anglo-
saqsuri samarTlebrivi sistemebis mier gagebuli sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi principebi, xSirad, radikalurad
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan.
gansakuTrebiT sakamaToa Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1) irRveva

Tu ara piradi pasuxismgeblobis, braleluli pasux-
ismgeblobis da kanonierebis principebi; 2) gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasuxismgeblobis
damoukidebeli safuZvelia Tu igi pasuxismgeblobis
formaa; 3) hqonda Tu ara sasamarTlos kanonis amgvari
interpretaciis safuZveli, romelic danaSaulis Cade-
naSi braldebul pirTa pasuxismgeblobas daafuZnebda.
am sakiTxis gasarkvevad, erTob mniSvnelovania gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebis
dadgena. `tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
saapelacio palatam daadgina, rom daxmareba da waqeze-
ba gansxvavedeba erTmaneTisgan danaSaulis Casadenad
arsebuli saerTo miznis anu gegmis Sesabamisi moqmede-
bebisgan Semdegi niSnebiT:
1) `damxmare da wamqezebeli sxva piris, amsruleblis
124
mier Cadenil danaSaulze arian damokidebulni;
2) daxmarebisa da waqezebisas araa savaldebulo saerTo
SeTanxmebuli gegmis arseboba, rom araferi vTqvaT,
amgvari gegmis winaswar arsebobaze. aranairi gegmis an
SeTanxmebis arseboba savaldebulo araa; marTlac, ams-
rulebelma SeiZleba arc ki icodes TanamonawileTa wv-
lilis Sesaxeb;
3) damxmare da wamqezebeli axorcieleben moqmede-

bebs, romlebic konkretulad mimarTulia zustad
gansazRvruli konkretuli danaSaulis (mkvleloba,
ganadgureba, gaupatiureba, wameba, moqalaqeTa sa-
kuTrebis gauazrebeli ganadgureba da a.S.) xelSewyo-
bis, waqezebisa da moraluri mxardaWerisken da amgvar
mxardaWeras aqvs arsebiTi gavlena danaSaulis Casade-
nad. amisgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo miznis an gegmis Ses-
abamisad moqmedebisas, ganxorcielebul moqmedebaSi
TanamonawileobisTvis sakmarisia, rom igi ramenairad
mimarTuli iyos saerTo gegmis an miznis gansaxor-
cieleblad;
4) daxmarebisa da waqezebisas savaldebulo subieqturi
elementia imis codna, rom damxmarisa da wamqezeblis
mier Cadenili qmedebebi xels uwyobs amsruleblis mier
konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenas.~109
àmisgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo miznis an gegmis arsebobi-

sas kidev savaldebuloa (anu an danaSaulis Cadenis gan-
zraxva an danaSaulebrivi gegmis Sesabamisi ganzraxvis
arseboba da plus imis winaswarganWvreta, rom amgvari
danaSaulebi scdeba saerTo danaSaulebriv mizans, ro-
melic, savaraudoa, rom Cadenilia).~110
109
Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, International Criminal Law, 2002, pp. 245-246.
110
Tadić Appeal Judgment, para. 229. Cf. also Kayishema and Ruzindana,
paras. 204-5. furunZijas (paras. 210-5, 249), yofili iugoslavi-
125
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis rekon-
struirebisTvis, upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia
davadginoT, Tu riTi gansxvavdeba gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia daxmarebisa da wamqeze-
blobisgan. tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam dadgi-
na, rom piris damxmared an wamqezeblad miCnevisTvis
aucilebelia, rom maT ganaxorcielon qmedebebi, rom-
lebic uSualod mimarTulia zustad gansazRvruli da-
naSaulis Casadenad xelSewyobis, waqezebis an moral-
uri mxardaWerisTvis. piriqiT, gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis dros TanaamsruleblobisTvis
sakmarisia ramenairi wvlilis Setana saerTo gegmis an
miznis xelSesawyobad. Tanamonawileobis obieqturi
elementis aRniSnuli dabali standarti im faqtiTaa
gamowveuli, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis Teoriis mixedviT, pasuxismgeblobisTvis
saWiroa saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegma an ganzraxva.111
daxmarebisa da waqezebisas SeiZleba arc ki icodes dax-
marebisa da wamqezeblis wvlilis Sesaxeb.~112
is sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos II palatam

aseve scada gansxvavebis dadgena, Tumca naklebadaa damuSave-
buli, vidre es yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mosamarTleebma
tadiCis saqmeze gaakeTes, rodesac erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaves
daxmareba da waqezeba saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad moqmedi pir-
Ta jgufis saxiT warmodgenili Tanaamsruleblobisgan. sao-
cari isaa, rom furunZijas saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo
paralata erT nawilSi Tanamonawileobis orive formas ms-
gavsad ganixilavs. citirebulia: Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 246 (iqve, sqolio 68).
111
See also Gustafson, supra note 24, at 9-10. citirebulia: Elies van
Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 200.
112
Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra note 4, § 229. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 200..
126
`saerTo mizani aerTianebs danaSaulis materialurad
ganmaxorcielebelsa (physical perpetrator) da danaSaulis
aramaterialurad ganmaxorcielebels (non-physical per-
petrator) da uzrunvelyofs individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis Taviseburebebs. aRniSnuli gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis yoveli TanamonawilisTvis
aucilebelia saerTo miznis Sesabamisad moqmedebis gan-
zraxvis gaziareba, an imis winaswarganWvreta, rom dana-
Sauli am saerTo miznis bunebrivi Sedegia.113 aRniSnuli
`subieqturi elementis~ dakmayofileba, gaerTianebu-
li danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrTa identifika-
cias moiTxovs. amis gamo, es sakiTxi praqtikaSi prob-
lematuri aRmoCnda. ganzraxvis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri
mtkicebulebebiT daskvnis gamotana mizanSewonilo-
bis gadawyvetilebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. krajiSnikis
(Krajiŝnik) saqmeze, sasamrTlo palatis mier kanonis am
nawilze gakeTebuli ganmartebis mixedviT, danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis wevrebi erToblivad unda moq-
medebdnen.114 amgvari erToblivi moqmedebidan SeiZleba
gamovitanoT daskvna saerTo miznis obieqturi elemen-
tis Sesaxeb.~115
`marTebulad aRniSnavs haani, rom winaaRmdegoba arse-

bobs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Teo-
riasa da praqtikas Soris. 116 prokurorTaTvis mainc da
mainc araa aucilebeli gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis saerTo gegmisa da mens rea-s subieqturi
113
Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra note 4, § 204. citirebulia: Elies van
114
Krajišnik Judgment, supra note 11, at § 834. citirebulia: iqve, gv.
200.
115
iqve, gv. 200.
116
Haan, supra note 19, at 194-195. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 201.
127
elementebis dadastureba. es sakmarisia meore kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
testze daskvnis gakeTebisTvis. amis garda, ukanaskneli
mcdelobebi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis farTo sazRvrebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb, Tanamonaw-
ileobisTvis damatebiTi pirobebis dadgeniT,117 obi-
eqturi elementisTvis gadaWarbebuli mniSvnelobis
miniWebaa. am gagebiT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis obieqtur-subieqturi balansi sruli-
ad Secvlilia. actus rea-sTvis zRvari gazrdilia, xolo
means rea-sTvis _ Semcirebulia.118 am fonze, `zustad
gamoxatuli SeTanxmebis moTxovna~, romelic brJaninis
saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam warmoadgina, misasalmebe-
lia.119 es zRudavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis sazRvrebs, romelic jer-jerobiT aRdgens
Sesabamis obieqtur-subieqtur balanss, riTac gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias daubrunebs mis
pirvelad mniSvnelobas.~120
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia~ aris

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis forma anu
saSualeba, riTac sasamarTlo danaSaulis Camdenis in-
dividualur pasuxisgeblobas adgens. gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia efuZneba ara braldebu-
lis mier piradad Cadenili danaSaulisTvis pasuxismge-
blobas, aramed mis monawilebas erTobliv gegmaSi, rom-
liTac danaSaulis ganxorcielebisas xelmZRvanelobd-
117
For instance, by requiring the accused to make a substanstial contribution
to the JCE. Kvoćka, Appeal Judgment, supra note 23, § 278. citirebu-
lia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 201.
118
Haan, supra note 19, at 195. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 201.
119
See for another view, Gustafson, supra note 24. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 201.
120
iqve, gv. 201.
128
nen. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis aRniS-
nuli forma pirvelad naTlad iqna formulirebuli
sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mier braldebul v.
dusko tadiCis saqmeze gamotanil gamamtyunebel gan-
aCenSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom gansazRvra mocemuli
formis pasuxisgeblobis elementebi: 1) pirTa simravle;
2) erToblivi gegmis arseboba, romlis daniSnuleba an
mizani wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis Cade-
naa; 3) braldebulis monawileoba erTobliv gegmaSi,
riTac xorcieldeba wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebi.121
`meore msoflio omis Semdeg dafuZnebuli samxedro

komisiebisa da tribunalebis prokurorebi da mosa-
marTleebi eyrdnobodnen `jgufuri danaSaulis kon-
cefcias~, aseve TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis Teo-
rias, romliTac xorcieldeboda nacistTa im mxardamW-
erebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, vinc monawileobda
brbos mier mokavSireTa samxedro da ajanyebulTa Za-
lebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul ZaladobiT moqmede-
bebSi. isini sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas
afuZnebdnen inglisuri samarTlidan warmoSobil
`saerTo ganzraxviT moqmedebis~ koncefciiT (concept of
àcting with common design~). saerTo ganzraxvisTvis pasux-
ismgeblobis mixedviT, rogorc sasamarTlos oqmebSia
ganmartebuli, unda damtkicdes Semdegi: gansasjelebs
gacnobierebuli aqvT (mens rea), rom maT qmedebebs raRac
wvlili Seaqvs danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi (actus rea).122
121
ix. Mohamed Suma, An Examining of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the
Special Court’s Decision of the AFRC Trial, http://www.carl-sl.org/home/
index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:by-zoila-hinson&
catid=4:articles&Itemid=23 (mopovebis TariRi: 10.12.2010).
122
See Werner Rohde Є Eigth Others United Nations War Crimes Commis-
sion, Law Reports of War Criminals (UNWCC) (London: HMO 1947-1949),
Vol. V. 56; Bruno Tesch Є Others (Zyklon B case) UNWCC, Vol. I, at 101.
129
fizikuri elementi sakmaod bundovani iyo, romelic
Semdeg, garkveulwilad, SeizRuda im pirobiT, rom er-
Toblivi moqmedeba samxedro manqanisTvis `realur
sayrdens~ warmoadgenda danaSaulis ganxorcielebi-
sas.123 saerTo ganzraxvis Teoriis mixedviT, pasuxismge-
blobisTvis ufro dabali xarisxis Tanamonawileo-
baa saWiro, vidre Tanamonawileobis gamo pasuxismge-
blobisTvis, rodesac amsrulebli danaSauls materi-
alurad ganaxorcielebs. amasTan, saerTo ganzraxvis
Teoriis mixedviT, amsrulebelsa da Tanamonawiles
Soris gansxvavebas mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, ramdenadac
yvela damnaSave danaSaulis Tanamonawiledaa miCneuli.
`saerTo ganzraxvis~ cneba safuZvlad daedo sakoncen-
tracio banakebis personalis124 da brbos mier ganxor-
cielebul ZaladobebSi monawileTa msjavrdebas.~125
ìstoria ganmeorda haagaSi. yofili iugoslaviis sisx-

lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom SeimuSava
jgufuri danaSaulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis koncef-
cia koleqtiuri danaSaulebis CadenaSi monawile pirTa
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis da msjavrdebisTvis. amas
naTelyofs tadiCis saqme. tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo
palatam gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni gamoitana sofel jas-
kiCSi (Jaskici) xuTi kacis mkvlelobisTvis gansasjelTa
mimarT, vinaidan araviTari mtkicebuleba ar iyo, rom maT
citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 185.

123
Max Wielen Є Seventeen Others (Stalag Luft III case) UNWCC, Vol. XI,
5-17. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 185.
124
Martin Gottfried Wielen Є Thirty-Nine Others (Dachau Concentration
Camp case) UNWCC, Vol. XI, 5-17. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 185.
125
Otto Sandrock three others case UNWCC, Vol. IV, 40; Erich Heyer Six
Others (The Essen Lynching case) cited in Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-A), Ap-
peals Chamber, 15 July 1999 (hereinafter Tadić Appeal Judgment), §§ 204-
209; Kurt Goebell et al. (The Borkum island cases) cited in Tadić Appeals
Judgment, §§ 210-213. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 185.
130
monawileoba miiRes mkvlelobebSi,126 xolo saapelacio
palata daeyrdno saerTo miznis koncefcias da tadiCi
msjavrdebulad scno. saapelacio palatis mixedviT,
rogorc es Cans Sesabamisi precedentuli samarTliT,
saerTo mizani, romelsac SemdegSi `gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia~ ewoda, moicavs sami gansx-
vavebuli kategoriis danaSaulebs.127 tadiCi damnaSaved
cnes mesame kategoriis danaSaulSi, romelic monawile-
obis yvelaze dabal dones moiTxovs. sofel jaskiCidan
xalxis gandevnis ganzraxvis gaziarebiT, mas daekisra
Tanabari sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba xu-
Tive mkvlelobisTvis, radgan es ukanasknelni ganxor-
cielebuli iyo gandevnis procesSi da gandevnis amgvari
Sedegebis winawarmetyveleba SesaZlebeli iyo.~128
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia sakmaod

didi kritikis sagania. upirveles yovlisa, igi naTlad
ver adgens wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis formas yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos an seira
leonis specialuri sasamarTlosTvis. tadiCis saqmeze
Seqmnili yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos saapelacio palata amtkicebda,
rom yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-
Soriso sasamarTlos wesdeba moicavs gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacias, rogorc sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis formas, yofili iugoslavi-
is sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wes-
debis 1-li muxlidan gamodinare, romelic avrcelebs
iuridiqciis farglebs yofili iugoslaviis teritori-
126
Opinion and Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-T), Trial Chamber II, 7 May 1997
(hereinafter Tadić Judgment), § 373. citirebulia: iqve, gv.185.
127
Tadić appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 228. citirebulia: Elies van
128
iqve, gv. 185-186.
131
aze ganxorcielebul `yvela~ seriozuli saerTaSoriso
humanitaruli danaSaulebis CadenisTvis pasuxismgeb-
el pirebze. es argumentirebulia imiT, rom `damnaSave
mxolod isaa, vinc danaSaulis arsebiTad ganxorciele-
bas gulgrilad ekideba im Tanamonawileebis mier, rom-
lebic sabolood xels ar uSlian danaSaulis realurad
Cadenas. sasamarTlom dadgina, rom wesdebaSi farulad
mocemulia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
cia, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
forma, rac ukve arsebobs CveulebiT saerTaSoriso
samarTalSi. kritikosTa azriT, `sasamarTlos amgvari
gonivruloba~ TaRliTobaa da sxva araferi. tadiCis
saqmeze sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kritikas aseve
naTelyofs is, rom mis sakamaTo aspeqtebsac mxars ar
uWers gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso doqtrinac. sxva kritikosTa az-
riT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia efeq-
turad funqcionirebs imisTvis, rom piri damnaSaved
vcnoT mxolod imitom, rom igi organizaciasTan dakav-
Sirebuli iyo. dasasrul, kritikosebi aRniSnaven, rom
`gafarToebuli~ forma ar moiTxovs mizezobrivi kav-
Siris dadgenas sxva damnaSaveTa qmedebebTan an ganzrax-
vasa da damdgar danaSaulebTan.~129
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia emsaxure-

ba garkveuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis an misi Sedegis
organizebul danaSaulebriv gaerTianebaSi monawile-
TaTvis bralad Seracxvas. `danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis~ damaxasiaTebelia aSkarad an mdumarebiT
miRweuli SeTanxmeba konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis
mizniT.130 magaliTad, genocidis SemTxvevaSi garkveu-
li jgufis ganadgurebis mizani. amgvari globaluri
129
Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi.
130
See most recently Krajiś nik Trial Judgment, supra note 3, §§ 883, 884:
‘common objective’. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.167.
132
anu didi dajgufebebi, Cveulebisamebr, Sedgeba patara
subsidiuri dajgufebebisgan.131 magaliTad, sakoncen-
tracio an patimarTa banakebis marTvadi aRmasrulebe-
li jgufebi, adgilobrivi da regionuli devnis ganmax-
orcielebeli jgufis wevrebi da a.S.132 swored saerTo
mizania gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
doqtrinis koleqtiurobis mTavari elementi, ro-
melic gadaaqcevs mas instituciur Tanamonawileo-
baze dafuZnebul koleqtiur pasuxismgeblobis Teo-
riad133 an pasuxismgeblobis sistematikur modelad.134
es doqtrina mogvagonebs SeTqmulebis kanons135 da mas-
Si monawileobas an organizaciul pasuxismgeblobas,
romelic niurnbergis procesze iyo gamoyenebuli.136
131
Cf. Kvočka Trial Judgment, supra note 26, § 307. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 167.
132
Critical on such broad interpretations Danner and Martinez, supra note 1,
at 135 et seq.; critical also Osiel, supra note 1, at 1796 et seq., 1802 et seq.
and idem, ‘modes of Participation in Mass Atrocity’, 39 Cornell International
Law Jurnal (2005) 793, at 799-800. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 167.
133
Cf. H. Jung, ‘Begründung, Abbruch und Modifikation der Zurechnung
beim Verhalten mehrerer’ in A. Eser, B.: Max Planck institute, 1998) 175, at
183 et seq. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 167.
134
Cf. vogel, supra note 59, at 420 et seq.; see for a systemic imputation
(‘global appriach’) also Piacente, supra note 1, 446 et seq. citirebulia:
iqve, gv.167.
135
Cf. G.P. Flechter and J.D. Ohlin, ‘Reclaiming Fundamental Principle of
Criminal law in the Darfur Case’, 3 Journal of International Criminal Jus-
tice (JICJ) (2005) 539, at 539, at 548; van Sliedregt, supra note 54, at 355;
S. POwles, ‘Joint Criminal Enterprise; Criminal Liability by Prosecutorial
Ingenuity and Judicial Creativity?’, 2 JICJ (2004) 606, at 613; Piacente, su-
pra note 1, at 451; Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 1785, 1791-1792.
citirebulia: iqve, gv. 168.
136
See for detailed analysis van Sliedregt, supra note 54, 17 et seq., 20 et seq.;
Danner and Martinez, supra note 1, at 113-114; recently S. Römer, Mitglieder
verbrecherischer Organisationen nach 1945 (Frankfurt am Main et al.: Peter
lang, 2005), 28 et seq.; van Sliedregt, supra note 54, at 352 et seq. regards
JCE as ‘membarship responsibility’ distinguishing between ‘institutionalised’
133
msgavsebebi yvelaze aSkarad Cans III kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mimarTebiT,
romlis mixedviTac, piri SeuTanxmebeli danaSaulisT-
vis agebs pasuxs. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aq garkveuli
danaSaulis winaswarganWvretadobas gaaCnia. gamodis,
rom piris pasuxismgebloba efuZneba gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciaSi mis wevrobas.137
`SesaZlebelia, rom gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-

nizaciaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb da me-7(3) muxlTan da-
kavSirebiT yvelaze karg uaxloes magaliTad gamodges
miloSeviCisa da sxvaTa saCivrebi maTi udanaSaulobis
Sesaxeb. sabraldebo aqtis mixedviT, xuT pirs brali
edebodaT 1999 wels kosovoSi saerTaSoriso humanita-
ruli samarTlis darRvevisTvis.138 sabraldebo aqtis
me-16 paragrafi, romelic Sesworda, ayalibebs sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis Semdeg Teorias:
and ‘collateral’ membership responsibility; Osiel, supra note 1, at 1799-1800.

Yet, Piachente, supra note 1, at 452 argues in favoure of the Nuremberg ‘ju-
dicial recognition of the common illegal purpose’. citirebulia: iqve,
gv.168.
137
Kai Ambos, dasx. naSromi, gv. 167-168.
138
Prosecutor v. Milutinović at al., Indicment, Case No. IT-99-37, 29 October
2001. braldebulTagan erT-erTma (Vlajko Stojilković) Tavi moi-
kla 2002 wlis 2 aprils. orma braldebulma, ojaniCi (Ojdanić)
da sainoviCi (Sainović) 2002 wlis 25 aprilsa da 2 maiss yofili
iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSiriso sasamarT-
los Cabardnen. Tavdapirvelad slobodan miloSeviCs brali
waeyena maTTan TanaamsruleblobisTvis, magram SemdgomSi
faqtiurad sabraldebo aqtiT misi saqme gamoeyo bosniisa
da xorvatiis saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli sabraldebo aqtiT
sasamarTlos miznebidan gamomdinare. citirebulia: Daryl A.
Mundis, Crimes of the Commander: Superiors Responsibility under Artikl
7(3) of the ICTY Statute, Edited by Gideon Boas and William Schabas, Inter-
national Criminal Law Developments in the Case Law of the ICTY, 2003, pp.
270-271 (iqve, sqolio 157).
134
`braldebulTagan TiToeuli maTgani individualu-
rad pasuxismgebelia maT winaaRmdeg dadgenili im dana-
SaulebisTvis, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia sasamarT-
los wesdebis me-3, me-5 da me-7(1) muxlebiT. braldeb-
ulebma dagegmes, mouwodes, SeukveTes, ganaxorcieles
anda sxvagvarad daexmarnen an waaqezes aRniSnul dana-
SaulTa dagegmvis, momzadebisa Tu aRsrulebisken. si-
tyva `ganxorcieleba~ (`committing~) sabraldebo aqtSi,
braldebis mier araa SemoTavazebuli mxolod im gage-
biT, rom braldebulebma piradad fizikurad ganaxor-
cieles bralad wayenebuli danaSaulebi. `ganxorciele-
ba~ warmodgenil braldebaSi miuTiTebs gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi Tanaamsruleblobis
saxiT monawileobasac. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis mizani, maT Soris, iyo kosovoeli al-
banelebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gandevna kosovos
teritoriidan, radgan amiT garantirebuli yofiliyo
kosovos teritoriaze serbebis kontroli. am miznis
misaRwevad, TiToeuli braldebuli, moqmedebda indi-
vidualurad an sxvebTan erTad anda imaTTan erTad, vinc
icoda an ar icoda, rom mniSvnelovnad exmarebian gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias, vinc iyenebs
maTTvis xelmisawvdom de jure da de facto Zalauflebas.~139
139
Prosecutor v. Milutinović at al., Indicment, Case No. IT-99-37, 29 October
2001. `sabraldebo aqtis me-18 paragrafSi Camoyalibebulia
mravali specifikuri detali gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli saqmis gamo:
sabraldebo aqtis 1-5 punqtebSi CamoTvlili danaSaulebi,
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis miznebSi Sedio-
da. alternatiulad, 3-5 punqtebSi CamoTvlili danaSaulebi,
romlebic gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebia da icodnen, rom
amgvari danaSaulebi SesaZlebeli iyo gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuliyo. maT
mier winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebis gacnobierebis miuxe-
davad, slobodan miloSeviCma, milan milutinoviCma, nikola
sainoviCma, dragoljub ojaniCma, vlajko stojiljkoviCma
135
èrTad aRebuli pasuxismgeblobis es formebi bral-
debas uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva TeoriebiT, romliTac
SesaZlebelia bralis wardgena im pirebis mimarT, visac
gaaCnia mmarTvelobiTi an meTauris Zalaufleba mniS-
vnelovani saerTaSoriso humanitaruli danaSaulebis
CamdenTa mimarT. amasTan, gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia _ gansakuTrebiT me-7(3) muxlTan
erTad _ braldebulTagan daSorebuli danaSaulebi-
sTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakis-
rebis saSualebas iZleva.~140
àlbaT, aRniSnuli praqtikis saukeTeso magaliTi

krstiCis (Krstić) saqmea.141 general krstiCs brali waey-
ena me-7(1) muxliT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis CaTvliT da me-7(3) muxliT srebrenikaSi Ca-
denili genocidisTvis. sasamarTlo palatam daadgina,
icodnen Tu ara, isini Segnebulad da nebiT monawileobdnen

gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi. yoveli bral-
debuli da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sxva
Tanamonawileni iziarebden ganzraxvas da ganwyobas, romelic
aucilebeli iyo 1-5 punqtebSi mocemuli danaSaulebis gan-
saxorcieleblad. amis gamo, wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis mixed-
viT, yoveli braldebuls da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis sxva Tanamonawileebs ekisrebaT individualu-
rad sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba 1-5 punqtebiT
dadgenili danaSaulebisTvis~.
citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 273 (iqve, sqo-
lio 158).
140
iqve, gv. 273.
141
See also Prosecutor v. Kvočka et al., supra note 54, paras. 242-341,
and particularly paras. 287-289. aq sasamarTlo palatam daadgina,
rom Sesabamisi kategoriis gansazRvrisas (e.i. gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tana-
monawileobisas daxmarebis an wamqezeblobis saxiT), rac
ufro maRalia Tanamonawileobis xarisxi, miT ufro saimedoa
im daskvnis gamotana, rom konkretuli braldebuli iziareb-
da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ganzraxvas
(sqolio 161). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 273.
136
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia arse-
bobda srebrenikas dapyrobil teritoriaze da saerTo
gegmis mizani, maT Soris, iyo srebrenikadan musulmani
mosaxleobis iZulebiT gaadgileba da `samxedro sam-
saxurisTvis saWiro asaks miRweuli srebrenikas bos-
neili musulmani mamakacebis mkvleloba im SegnebiT,
rom amgvari mkvlelobebi srebrenikaSi bosniel musul-
manTa sazogadoebis sruli ganadgurebis saSualebas
miscemdaT.~142
`srebrenikas mravali bosnieli musulmani mosaxleoba

miiyvanes potoCarSi (Potočari). es qalaqi ramdenime mili-
Taa daSorebuli srebrenikasgan, Tumca `dapyrobili
srebrenikas~ farglebSi mdebareobs. potoCarSi miyva-
nili mravali devnili gaxda mkvlelobis, gaupatiure-
bis, cemisa da sxva Seuracxofis msxverpli. warmodge-
nili msjelobis miznebidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa
mosamarTleTa mier Sekrebili Semdegi monacemebi:
amis miuxedavad, sasamarTlo palata araa darwmunebu-

li im gonivrul eWvSi, rom potoCarSi devnilebis mkv-
leloba, gaupatiureba, cema da sxvagvari Seuracxyofa,
aseve mizani SeTanxmebuli iyo gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevrebs Soris. Tumca, ueWvelia,
rom amgvari danaSaulebi eTnikuri wmendis kampaniis
bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebi iyo.~143
àm magaliTis me-7(3) muxlSi mocemuli codnis moTx-

142
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 644. See paras. 607-645 for the
Trial Chamber’s conclusions in toto regarding joint criminal enterprise and
para. 615 concerning the forcible transfer of the civilian population as one
component of this common plan. citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 273.
143
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 616. citirebulia: iqve, gv.
273.
137
vnasTan SedarebiT saintersoa sasamarTlo palatis
mier imis mtkiceba, rac mosamarTleebis mier Camoya-
libebuli daskvnis mxardasaWerad gakeTda: ìm gare-
moebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic arsebobda geg-
mis Camoyalibebisas, general krstiCs unda scodnoda,
rom Sesabamisi TavSesafrebis ukmarisobas, brbos kon-
centracias, devnilTa umweo mdgomareobas, mravali
regularuli da araregularuli samxedro da gasamx-
edroebuli erTeulebis Sesabamis regionSi arsebobas
da gaeros jariskacTa arasakmaris raodenobas, rac maT
dacvas uzrunvelyofda, am danaSaulebis ganxorciele-
ba dauyovnebliv mohyveboda.~144 subieqturi Semadgen-
lobis ùnda scodnoda~ standartis selebiCis (Čelebići)
saqmeze aRniSnul gansxvavebas amyarebs apelaciaSi
me-7(3) muxlSi mocemul `codnis safuZveli hqonda~
standartis mimarT gakeTebuli interpretacia. Tuki
dadgindeba, rom xelmZRvaneli gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevria an sxva msgavsi danay-
ofebis an Tundac mis xelmZRvanelobaSi Semavali da-
nayofebis meTaurebTan erTad, maSin xelmZRvanelTa
damnaSaved cnoba me-7(1) muxlis mixedviT, gacilebiT
martivia, vidre me-7(3) muxliT. amgvari gageba, im gare-
moebis gaTavalisiwnebiT, rom me-7(1) muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSaulebi ufro mZime sasjelebs iwvevs
msjavrdebulebisTvis, vidre me-7(3)145 muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli msgavsi danaSaulebisTvis, naTelyofs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis politikuri
datvirTvis pirobebis mniSvnelobas.~146
144
Prosecutor v. Krsti , supra note 53, para. 616. citirebulia: Daryl A.
Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274.
145
es gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom me-7(1) muxli moicavs dana-
SaulTa ganxorcielebas, xolo me-7(3) muxli mxolod umoqe-
dobas exeba (sqolio 166). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 274.
146
iqve, gv. 274.
138
àmis miuxedavad, krnojelakis saqmeze, sxva sasamarTlo
palata sxva faqtebis winaSe dadga da orientacia aiRo,
erTi mxriv, gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias
da me-7(1) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul daxmarebasa da waqe-
zebas da meore mxriv, me-7(3) muxliT gaTvaliswinebul
xelmZRvanelTa pasuxismgeblobas Soris urTierTkav-
Sirze.147 am saqmiT dadginda, rom gansasjelma icoda
araserbi adamianebis im banakSi ukanono Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis Sesaxeb, romlis zedamxedvelic iyo da misi
`moqmedeba an umoqmedoba xels uwyobda amsruleblebis
mier danaSaulis Casadenad sistemis marTlsawinaaRm-
degod funqcionirebas.~148 amis miuxedavad, sasamarT-
lo palatam dadgina, rom SesaZlebeli iyo, rom bral-
debulebma `mxolod imaTi brZanebebi Seasrula, vinc
isini daniSna [banakis] Tanamdebobaze da ar iziarebdnen
ganzraxvas.~149 sasamarTlo palatam gadawyvita, rom am
pirobebSi:
147
krnojelakis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom uaryo
krstiCis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos midgoma, sadac ar
iyo naTlad Camoyalibebuli gansxvaveba Tanamonawileobas
(rogorc Tanamonawileobis damokidebul formasa) da Tanaam-
sruleblobas Soris (rogorc Tanamonawileobis uSualo da
ZiriTadi forma, magram sabolood mainc ar aris amsrule-
beli as a direct and principal form of participation, but falling short of
that of the principal offender) See Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note
6, para. 74. krnojelakis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom aseve
uaryo kvoCkas saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo palatis mid-
goma Tanaamsruleblebsa (vinc iziarebs gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis ganzraxvas) da damxmaresa da wamqe-
zebels Soris (vinc mxolod icis amsruleblis ganzraxva).
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 76. Both Krsti and Kvo ka were
decided by Trial Chamber I (sqolio 167). citirebulia: Daryl A. Mun-
dis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274.
148
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, supra note 6, para. 127. Both Krsti and Kvo ka
were decided by Trial Chamber I. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 274.
149
were decided by Trial Chamber I. citirebulia:iqve, gv. 274.
139
gansasjelTa danaSaulebrivi qcevebi, ZiriTadad, Ses-
abamisad kvalificirdeba, rogorc gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebelTa mier aras-
erbi dapatimrebulebis ukanonod cixeSi moTavsebaSi
daxmarebad da waqezebad, wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis mixed-
viT. me-7(3) muxlis Sesabamisad, braldebulebs meTaur-
Ta pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT araserbi patimrebis
ukanonod cixeSi moTavsebisTvis, vinaidan, SesaZle-
belia, ZiriTadad, braldebulebis mier iyo ganxor-
cielebuli da amdenad xelmZRvaneli valdebuli iyo
ecnobebina am ukanono qcevebis Sesaxeb, TviT brZanebis
gamcemi pirebisTvis. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo palata
ar miiCnevs marTebulad misTvis meTauris pasuxismge-
blobis dakisrebas.~150
kai ambosi miuTiTebs, rom TanamonawileTa diferenci-

rebas, TanaamsrulebelTa da Tanamonawile (damxmare da
wamqezebeli) Soris zRvris gavlebas gadamwyveti mniS-
vneloba gaaCnia da (subieqtur) danaSaulebriv gegmaSi
(obieqturi) Tanamonawileobis xarisxobriv zRvars av-
lebs. sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, monawileobis xarisx-
is uaryofiT Tanaamsruleblebi ufro uaxlovdebian
danaSaulis ubralo damxmaresa da wamqezebels, ris ga-
moc, maT Soris zRvari ikargeba. yovel SeTxvevaSi iseTi
`winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebis~ bralad Seracxvam,
romelic winaswar ar yofila SeTanxmebuli da, Sesabam-
isad, ar yofila yvela monawilis mier ganzraxuli, Seu-
Zlebelia daafuZnos Tanaamsruleblobis da Tanamonaw-
ileobis romelime forma. danaSaulisTvis aucilebe-
lia, rom TviTon damnaSavem uSualod ganaxorcielos
danaSaulis obieqturi da subieqturi Semadgenlobani.
150
were decided by Trial Chamber I. See also ibid., para. 173. citirebulia:
Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 274-275.
140
Tu danaSaulis romelime elementi pirs ar ganuxor-
cielebia da mas bralad eracxeba sxva piris mier Cad-
enili danaSauli, maSin SeiZleba pasuxi agos mxolod
rogorc damxmarem an wamqezebelma. sainteresoa, rom
tradiciuli inglisuri doqtrina didxans aRiarebda,
rom saerTo danaSaulebriv mizanSi Tanamonawile aris
meore xarisxis amsrulebeli, rodesac maTi moqmedebe-
bi mimarTuli iyo danaSaulis Casadenad.151
èrTi mxriv, Tanaamsruleblobas, meore mxriv, daxmare-

basa da wamqezeblobas Soris yvelaze damajerebel gam-
mijnav kriteriumebs iZleva germanuli doqtrina, ro-
melic qmedebaze funqcionaluri batonobis saxeliTaa
cnobili (funktionalle Taterrschaftslehre), romlis Tanaxmadac,
TanaamsruleblobisTvis aucilebelia funqcional-
uri erToblivi moqmedeba sxva pirebTan (obieqturi
Semadgenloba) saerTo gegmis an SeTanxmebis safuZvel-
ze (subieqturi Semadgenloba).152 amgvari moTxovnebi
mxolod I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis SeTxvevaSia Sesrulebuli. faqtiurad,
saapelacio palatam tadiCis saqmeze icoda Tanaams-
ruleblobasa da I kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizacias Soris msgavseba, yovel SemTxveva-
Si terminologiuri mainc, vinaidan I kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizacias moixseniebda
Tanaamsruleblobad (co-perpetratorshipt)153 da amavdrou-
151
See J.C. Smith, B. Hogan, D. Ormerod, Criminal LA (11th edn., Oxford:
OUP, 2005), at 169, quoting Stephen, Digest, Art. 38. See also ibid., at 190-
191 (JCE as cases of scondaty participation, parties to JCE as accessories).
citirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 168-169.
152
See for detailed analisys C.Roxin, Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Vol. II
(München, C.H. Beck, 2003), at 77 et.seq. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 170.
153
Tadić Appels Judgment, supra note 2, § 198. This terminology is settled, see
recently Judgment on Sentensing Appeals, Babić (IT-03-72), Appels Chem-
ber, 18 July 2005, § 38 (hereinafter: ‘Babić Appeals Judgment’). citire-
bulia: iqve, gv.170.
141
lad eyrdnoboda II msoflio omis Semdeg germaniisa da
italiis miRebul Sexedulebas Tanaamsruleblobis
Sesaxeb.154 ueWvelia, rom I kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia _ saapelacio sasamarT-
los sxvadasxva erTsulovani gadawyvetilebebiT, rom-
lebic formulirebulia sxvadasxvagvarad _ moiTxovs
monawilis mier qmedebis (obieqturad) ganxorcielebas,
romelic ase Tu ise mimarTulia erToblivi gegmis an
miznis (subieqturad) xelSesawyobad.155 ase rom, I kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
aris romanul-germanuli sistemis samarTlis mier
Camoyalibebuli Tanaamsruleblobis safuZvlze Seqm-
nili Tanamonawileobis forma,156 xolo saerTo gegma
da mizani saerTo samarTlis qmnilebaa. rac Seexeba lex
lata-s, unda davaskvnaT, rom I kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia aris gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis erTaderTi forma, romelic
yovelgvari sirTulis gareSe SeiZleba ganxiluli
iqnes, rogorc yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxlis157
154
Tadić Judgment, supra note 2, § 201. citirebulia: iqve, gv.170.
155
Ibid., § 229; Krnojelac Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 33; vasilijević
Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 102; Kvočka Appeals Judgment, supra
note 35, § 89; Babić Appeals Judment, supra note 76, § 38. citirebulia:
Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.170.
156
CF. Stakić Trial Judgment, supra note 4, § 439. Against this background
and the universal recognition of co-perpetration as a form participation (see
Art. 25(3)(a) ICC Statute) it is more than surprising that the Appeals Chamber
states that, on the one hand, ‘this mode of liability… does not have support in
customary international law’ yet, on the other, JCE liability is ‘firmly esteb-
lished’ (Stakić Appeals judgment, supra note 5, § 62). This demonstrates such
a blatant ignorance of basic principles of criminal las that even principled
supporters of the International Criminal Tribunals, as this writer, are forced to
reconsider their support. citirebulia: iqve, gv.170.
157
Cf. Powles, supra note 62, at 610-611; V. Haan. ‘The Development of
the Concept of JCE ar the ICT’, INtrrnational Criminal Law Review (ICLR)
(2005) 167, at 201. See also, albeit more radically, Separate and Partly Dis-
142
ganxorcieleba da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
sasamarTlos wesdebis 25(3)(a)-e muxlis me-2 altrena-
tivaSi mocemuli Tanaamsruleblis (co-perpetratration)
Sesabamisi.~158
olaini miuTiTebs, rom `kvoCkas saqmeSi mocemuli gami-

jvna (maT Soris vinc iziarebs ganzraxvas da visac mx-
olod gacnobierebuli aqvs ganzraxva), garkveulwilad
gansxvavdeba amsruleblisa da Tanamonawileebis gami-
jvnisTvis gamoyenebuli germanuli danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebaze batonobis Teoriisgan. maT Soris aramxolod
gansxvavebaa, aramed isini erTmaneTis mimarT SuTavse-
belia. ZiriTadad, kvoCkas saqmis mixedviT, siaxlea is,
rom aq mocemulia mxolod orelementiani gansxvaveba
monawileobis or dones Soris; [...] batonobis TeoriiT
dabali donis monawileebsa da organizatorebs Soris
gamijvna rCeba garkveul safexurze. magaliTad, Sesa-
Zlebelia, rom kvoCkas saqmis mixedviT, ubralo qveiTi
jariskaci CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblad, Tu igi izi-
arebs jgufis ganzraxvas, magram batonobis TeoriiT
CaiTvalos Tanamonawiled, radgan igi araviTar batono-
bas SeTqmulebaze ar axorcielebda. amis gamo, winaaRm-
degobrioba, rogorc Cans, araa savaraudo. ganvixiloT
qveiTi jariskaci, romelmac mxolod icis danaSau-
lebrivi gegma da am SegnebiT wvlili Seaqvs am gegmaSi,
magram ar iziarebs jgufis danaSaulebriv ganzraxvas.
kvoCkas saqmeSi arsebuli sqemis mixedviT, SesaZlebe-
lia, misi miCneva damxmared an wamqezeblad, radgan man
mxolod icoda danaSaulebrivi gegma, Tumca batonobis
Teoriis mixedviTac, analogiur saqmeSi is pirebi damx-
mared an wamqezeblad SeiZleba ganxiluliyvnen, radgan
senting Opinion of Judge Lindholm, Trial Judgment, Simić (IT-95-9/2), Tri-
al Chamber, 17 Octomber 2003, § 2 et seq. dissociating himself from JCE.
158
Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.170-171.
143
naklebsavaraudoa, _ marTlac SeuZlebelia _ rom is,
vinc ar iziarebs jgufis danaSaulebriv mizans, axor-
cielebdes masze batonobas. batonobis cnebaSi naTlad
araa gamoxatuli, rom TiToeulma maTganma unda gaiz-
iaros jgufis danaSaulebrivi mizani.~159
avtori, zogierTi Teoriuli sirTuleebis miuxedavad,

dadebiTad afasebs danaSaulis ganxorcielebaze ba-
tonobis Teorias.160 `SesaZlebelia yvelaze saukeTeso
saSualebaa Sejamebisas iTqvas, rom Tanaamsrulebeli
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi isaa, vinc
uzarmazar SeTqmulebaze batonobas axorcielebs, Tum-
ca ara yovlismomcvels da is, vinc iziarebs jgufis
danaSaulebriv mizans. (am kategoriaSi moeZebna adgili
stakiCs). gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis damxmare an waqezebelia is, vinc ar axorcielebs
uzarmazar SeTqmulebaze kontrols da jgufis ganz-
raxvis gacnobierebiT ubralo wvlili Sehqonda. amas-
Tan, unda ganisazRvros rogor unda davajgufod dam-
naSaveebi, romlebmac gaiziares danaSaulebrivi mizani,
magram sakmaod qveviT idgnen kibeze, romelic mrav-
lismetyveli SeTqmulebaze batonobis gansaxorciele-
bladaa gankuTvnili.~161
`krnojelakis saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam farTo dis-

kusia gamarTa gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis Sesaxeb da aRniSna, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizacia arsebobs iq, sadac òr an met pirs
Soris arsebobs SeTanxmeba anu molaparakeba danaSaulis
Cadenis Sesaxeb.~162 amgvari SeTanxmeba araa aucilebeli
159
J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated
Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 751.
160
ix. iqve, gv. 751.
161
iqve, gv. 751.
162
Prosecutor v. Tadić Judgment, Case No. IT-94-I-A 15 July 1999, paras.
144
iyos specialuri, igi SeiZleba Seqmnili garemoebebidan
gamomdinareobdes da misi miRweva yovelTvis ar SeiZle-
ba Tu ganxorcielebuli araa winaswar danaSaulis Cade-
namde. amasTan, sasamarTlom Camoayaliba sami magaliTi,
Tu rogor SeiZleba braldebulebma monawileoba miiRon
gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi:
1. SeTanxmebul danaSaulSi uSualo monawileoba (am-
srulebloba);
2. unda imyofebodes danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze
(im SegnebiT, rom danaSauli unda ganxorcieldes
an xorcieldeba) da ganzrax exmareba an aqezebs
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sxva
monawileebs, raTa maT Caidinon danaSauli;
3. im specialur sistemaSi xelSemwyobi moqmedebis ganx-
orcieleba, sadac danaSaulis Cadena xdeba bralde-
bulis Tanamdebobis an funqciebis gamo da es xor-
cieldeba imis codniT, rom arsebobs es sistema da
momavalSic gagrZeldeba misi arseboba.~163
ambosi III kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebrivi
organizacias mxolod daxmarebis an waqezebis formad
ganixilavs. vasileviCis (Vasiljević) saqmeze saapelacio
palata zogierT punqtSi aviTarebs tadiCis saqmeze
miRebuli gadawyvetilebisgan gansxvavebul Sexedule-
bas, romlis mixedviTac, gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv
organizaciaSi monawile pasuxismgebelia rogorc Ta-
naamsrulebeli da mas ufro maRali xarisxis pasux-
ismgebloba ekisreba, vidre damxmaresa da wamqezebels,
romlebic gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciSi
yovelTvis Tanamonawileebad ganixilebian.164 miuxeda-
229. citirebulia: Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 270-271.

163
Daryl A. Mundis, dasax. naSromi, gv. 270-271.
164
Vasilević Appeals Judgment, supra note 4, § 102. citirebulia:
145
vad imisa, rom aq sworadaa aRwerili Tanaamsruleblo-
bas da Tanamonawileobas Soris gansxvaveba, igi aras-
woria gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
formasTan mimarTebiT, vinaidan mxolod I kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moicavs
Tanaamsruleblobis wesebs. amgvari msjeloba aseve ewi-
naaRmdegeba tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatis mier
dafiqsirebul pozicias, romelic ufro did yuradRe-
bas aqcevs monawilis wvlils.165
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisa da

brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis doqtrinebi
erTmaneTisgan konceptualuri struqturebiT gansx-
vavdebian. yvelaze TvalSi sacemi SeiZleba is iyos, rom
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moiTxvos
aqtiur moqmedebas da wvlilis Setanas gaerTianebaSi,
rodesac brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobisas
umoqmedobac sakmarisia. am rakursiT, es doqtrinebi
urTierTgamomricxvelia: adamiani an xels uwyobs da-
naSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgomas aqtiuri moqmedebiT,
an umoqmedobas iCens movlenis mimarT, romelic dana-
Saulebrivi Sedegis Tavidan acilebiskenaa mimarTuli.
amasTan, orive erTdroulad logikurad SeuZlebelia.
meore mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba isaa, rom meTauris
pasuxismgebloba moiTxovs, per definitionem, ierarqiul
daqvemdebarebas, meTaursa da daqvemdebarebuls So-
ris, e.i. vertikalur urTierTobas kontrolis gan-
maxorcielebelsa da im danaSaulis uSualod Camden
pirs Soris, romelic Tavidan unda yofiliyo acile-
buli. sawinaaRmdego viTarebaa gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis, yovel SemTxvevaSi I kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis, wevrebT-
an mimarTebiT, sadac Tanaamsruleblobas aqvs adgili,
ix.dasax. naSromi, gv. 171.

165
ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 171.
146
Cveulebisamebr, es pirebi Tanabar ierarqiul dones
miekuTvnebian da moqmedeben SeTanxmebulad, horizon-
taluri meTodiT.166 mesame gansxvaveba gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciasa da brZanebis gacemisTvis
pasuxismgeblobis inteleqtualur sferos ganekuTvne-
ba. I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrebs gaaCniaT saerTo ganzraxva, e.i. saerTo
mens rea mimarTulia konkretuli danaSaulis Casadenad
da saboloo miznis an gaerTianebis miznis misaRwevad.
sxva kategoriebSi, gansakuTrebiT III kategoriis gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi, monawileebma
ician, yovel SemTxvevaSi unda icodnen, saerTo amoca-
na an mizani da (obieqturad) winawarganWvretili aqvT
garkveuli danaSaulis ganxorcieleba. brZanebis ga-
cemisTvis pasuxismgeblobisas ki, piriqiT, danaSaulis
ZiriTadi mizani arsebiTad meTauris mier kontrolis
ganuxorcieleblobiT dgeba da, Sesabamisad, maTi mens
rea vrceldeba am umoqmedobaze da ara maTTdami daqvem-
debarebulTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebze.167
aRniSnul or doqtrinas Soris konceptualuri gansx-

vavebis miuxedavad, xSirad orive erTdroulad gamoi-
yeneba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orive doqtrinis gamoyeneba
imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis wevrTa Soris ierarqiuli gansxvaveba arsebobs. amis
gamo, zemoaRniSnuli gansxvaveba mniSvnelobas kargavs.
faqtiurad, amgvari gansxvaveba gamosadegia mxolod
I kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis, romelic Tanaamsruleblobis formiTaa
gagebuli da tipiurad gamoxatavs mis wevrebs Soris
horizontalur damokidebulebas. piriqiT, II da III kat-
166
See on this structural difference also Osiel, supra note 57, at 797; idem
supra note 1, at 1769 et seq. citirebulia: ix. Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 180.
167
ix. iqve, gv. 179-180.
147
SemTxvevaSi, saSualo an maRali rangis meTaurma Sei-
Zleba xeli Seuwyos danaSaulis Cadenas da garkveul
SemTxvevebSi dakargos kontroli maTdami daqvemde-
barebulTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebze. es ki imaze miu-
TiTebs, rom moqmedebas da umoqmedobas Soris antago-
nizmi gamoiyeneba mxolod erTpirovnulad Cadenil da-
naSaulebTan (single crimes) da ara erToblivad Cadenil
danaSaulebTan mimarTebiT.168
`yovel SemTxvevaSi, gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv orga-

nizaciasa da brZanebis gacemas Soris gansxvaveba ierar-
qiuli organizaciis safuZvelze moqmedebaze batono-
bis, e.w. Organisationsherrschaft, TeoriiT xorcieldeba,169
romelic miznad isaxavs ufrosTa qmedebebi daukav-
Siros maTi interesebidan gamomdinare Cadenil da-
naSaulebs. es Teoria aris amsruleblobis forma, ro-
melic aRiarebulia sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25(3)(a) muxlis me-3 alter-
nativiT (`SualobiTi amsrulebloba~, `Through another
person~).170 am Teoriis mixedviT, ùkan mdgomi adamiani~
batonobs uSualo amsrulebelze ierarqiuli Zalau-
flebis organizaciuli mowyobis saSualebiT (aixmani,
168
ix. Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 180-181.
169
See the fundamental work of C. Roxin, Täterschaft und Taterrschaft (8th
edn, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006), 242-252, 704-717; see also Ambos, supra
note 101, 509 et se. (Allgemeiner Teil), 216 et seq. (Parte General) with re-
frencent (critical) discussion more resently, Kress and Radtke, 153 goltdam-
er’s Archiv Für strafrecht (GA) (2006) 304 et seq., 350 et se. For a good
explanation in English see Osiel, supra note , 1892 et seq. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 181.
170
Concurring, G. Werle, Prinsiples of Internationals riminal Law (The
Hague: TMS Asser Press 2005), at 124 with note 196. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 182.
148
argentineli generlebi da aRmosavleT germaniis saz-
Rvarze ganxorcielebuli mkvlelobebi)171 da SeiZleba
msgavsebebi moiZebnos niurnbergis procesis saqmee-
bidan.172 faqtiurad, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciisgan gansxvavebiT igi naxulobs sakmaod
myar kanonier dasayrdens yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1)
muxlSi mocemul termin `ganxorcielebaSi,~ romelSic
moiazreba piris uSualo an SualobiTi gziT fizikurad
an sxvagvarad monawileoba danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebaSi moqmedebiT, anda savaldebulo mo-
qmedebisgan Tavis SekavebiT, romelic mas individu-
alurad an sxvasTan erTad unda ganexorcielebina.173
es gulisxmobs danaSaulis Cadenas rogorc SualobiT
amsruleblobiT (indirect commission, perpetration by means),174
aseve organizaciul batonobas (Organisationsherrschaft).
naTelia, rom am doqtrinis sakvanZo sakiTxia is, rom
xelmZRvanels (mastermaind) an ùkan mdgom pirs~ SeuZlia
Tu ara ganaxorcielos danaSauli uSualo amsrulebel-
171
See for refrences K. Ambos, in O. Triffterer (ed.), Commentary of the
Rome Statute Of the ICC (1999), Art. 25, arginal note 10. Crit. Kreß, supra
note 149, 306. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv.181.
172
Judjment, U.S. v. altsteotter et al. (Justice Trial), US Military Tribunal set-
ting at Nuremberg, 4 December 1947, in: Trials of War Criminals (US-GPO,
1947), 954, at 985: ‘conscious participation in a nationwide government-
organized system of cruelty and injustice’ (amphasis added). citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv.182.
173
stakič Trial Judjment, supra note 4, § 439 (emphasis edded). citire-
bulia: iqve, gv. 182.
174
Ibid., § 439 with note, § 741. See on stakič, Hann, supra note 80, at 197;
H. Olásolo and C. Pérez, ‘The Nation of Control of the Crime and its Applica-
tion by the ICTY in the Stakic case’, 4 ICLR (2004), 475 et seq. (478-479).
citirebulia: iqve, gv.182.
149
ze organizaciuli mowyobilobiT, romelic mis mieraa
Seqmnili an romelzec igi batonobs.~175
`Tuki SualobiTi amsrulebeli (`Man in the bechground~)

TiTqmis ver akontrolebs pasuxismgebel pirebs, maSin
amgvari ukamrisoba kompensirdeba im mowyobilobiT,
romelic warmoSobs danaSaulis ganxorcielebisTvis
potenciurad Tanxmobis mimcemTa ganusazRvrel am-
sruleblebs. sxva sityvebiT, rom iTqvas, imis miuxe-
davad, rom uSualo amsruleblebis, romlebic sruli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobiT moqmede-
ben, moqmedebebi ar SeiZleba ubralod SualobiTi ams-
ruleblobis Semcvlel aqtebad miviCnioT, radgan
`sistemam~, faqtiurad SemcvlelTa ganusazRvreli
raodenoba unda moicavas da amis gamo, iseTi maRali
xarisxi moqnilobas mivaRwioT, rac aucilebelia per-
sonalTa mier konkretuli danaSaulebis Casadenad.
amasTan, vinaidan amgvari kontrolis cneba emyareba
zemodan qvemoT ierarqiul mowyobis funqcionirebas,
igi saeWvoa yvela saxis danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
mimarT gamoviyenoT.176 amgvari midgoma sakmaod natu-
ralisturi da meqanikuri iqneba, rac SeewinaaRmdegeba
am Teoriis normatiul safuZvlebs.177 Tumca, pirTa
mcire wres SeuZlia aucileblobisas uecrad Secvalos
erTi amsrulebeli meoreTi, saxeldobr, is piri vinc
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis liderobas axorcielebs
an sul mcire organizaciis nawilis akontrolebs da
175
iqve, gv. 181-182.
176
Critical Osiel, supra note 1, at 1833 et seq., 1861, arguing for an applica-
tion of Organisationsherrschaft only to relax the effective control require-
ment of command responsibility. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax.
naSromi, gv.182.
177
Dua to space constraints I cannot elaborate on this more; fundamentally, it
comes down to the question of liberty of the direct perpetrator operating in a
hierarchical organization vis à vis the tops executive(s) of this organization,
see Ambos, supra note 101, 594 et seq. (Allgemeiner Teil), 220 et seq. (Parte
General). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 182.
150
amiT SesaZlebloba aqvs ibatonos gegmis ganxorciele-
baze, romelsac ar ewinaaRmdegebian organizaciis sxva
wevrebi. amis miuxedavad, aseTi wevrebi, zogadad, Sors
arian danaSaulebrivi moqmedebebis ganxorcielbisgan
da, Cveulebisamebr, SualobiT amsruleblebad an Tana-
monawileebad iTvlebian.178 faqtiurad, normatiuli
TvalsazrisiT, mTavari amsruleblebi, erTdroulad
danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Tanamonawileebic arian
da Tanaamsruleblebic.~179
`dasasrul, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Organisationsherrschaft

doqtrina ganamtkicebs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciisa da brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismge-
blobis ZiriTad arss. pirveli, pasuxismgeblobis indi-
vidualurad dakisrebis tradiciuli sistema, romlis
mixedviTac, danaSauli gvevlineba, rogorc danaSau-
lis erTpirovnulad ganxorcieleba, SeiZleba SeeTav-
sos saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis moTxovnebs, ro-
melic mimarTulia Sereuli individualur-koleqti-
uri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebisken, sadac danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianeba an organizacia moiazreba, maTi,
178
See e.g. Osiel, supra note 57, at 807 who, however, apparently fails to
grasp the different forms of participation provided for by the differentiated
concept of perpetration according to which Organizationsherrschaft is more
than mere accessorship. Further, it is misleading to state that prosecutors in
Latin America (ibid., at 808) ‘rely heavily on… superior responsibility’. The
truth is that most prosecutors invoke Roxin’s theory, especially the Organisa-
tionsherrschaftslehre, since it can be based on the general rules of perpetra-
tion b means (autoria mediata) which are – unlike the command responsibil-
ity doctrine – well recognized in civil law systems (as latin America). Finally,
the fine Distinctions between modes of participation discussed in a differenti-
ated system of perpetration as the German or Spanish one demonstrate that
‘simplicity’ is not, as suggested by Osiel, supra note 1, at 1753, the preferred
option for criminal law doctrine, at least not for that of the core civil law
countries. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 183.
179
Cf. H. Vest, genozid durch organisatorische Machtapparate (Baden-Baden:
Nomos, 2002), at 220, 249. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 182-183.
151
rogorc erTi mTliani samarTlis subieqtis, sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis safuZvlad
gvevlineba. mas doqtrinam uwoda Zurechnungsprinzip Gesa-
mttat180, e.i. Seracxvis principis anu Teoriiis Tanxmad,
èrToblivi qmedeba~ (`global act~) (danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizacia) Seracxvis centraluri obieqtia. garkveul-
wilad, es doqtrina aerTianebs mocemul statiaSi (igu-
lisxmeba ambosis es ukanaskneli statia. SeniSvna Cemia
_ i.d.) warmodgenil Teoriebs da ganamtkicebs gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis centralur
sakiTxs, sadac danaSaulebrivi organizacia Seracx-
vis sawyis sakiTxadaa warmodgenili saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSi. meore, yvela aRniSnuli Teoriis
saerTo mizania sistemis farglebSi individualurad
Cadenili danaSaulebis organizaciis Tu gaerTianebis
im liderebisTvis, `xelmZRvanelebisTvis~ Seracxva,
romelTac dabali rangis amsruleblebisa da saSualo
donis CinovnikTa bedi erovnul sisxlissamarTlebriv
marTlmsajulebas miandes. dasasrul, da ara ukanaskne-
lad, liderTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
gulisxmobs maTTvis Seracxul qmedebaTa Tavisebur
(normatiul) kontrols da inteleqtualur Tvisebas,
rac maT akavSirebs am qmedebebTan, riTac daculia
braleulobis principi.~181
ìmisTvis, rom pasuxi gaeces `Tanaamsruleblobas~, ro-

gorc pasuxismgeblobis formas, braldebam gonivruli
eWvis gareSe unda daamtkicos, rom: 1) or an met pirs So-
180
On this new consept of attribution for collective criminality see the funda-
mental work of F. Dencker, Kausalität und Gesamttat (Berlin: Duncker unda
Humblot, 1996), 125 et seq., 152 et seq., 229, 253 et seq. and passim. The
consept was further elaborated by Vest, supra note 158, at 214 et seq., 303, 304
et seq., 359 et seq. citirebulia: Kai Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 183.
181
iqve, gv.183.
152
ris iyo aSkara SeTanxmeba an faruli Tanxmoba saerTo
miznis gansaxorcieleblad, 2) rac miiRweva koordini-
rebuli erToblivi moqmedebiT da 3) danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis erToblivi kontroli xorcieldeboda. sta-
kiCis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis mixedviT, Tanaams-
ruleblebma SeiZleba maTi gegmis mxolod realizeba
moaxdinon, ramdenadac isini erToblivad moqmedeben,
magram TiToeul maTgans SeuZlia Caagdos mTliani
gegma, Tu igi mis nawils ar Seasrulebs. am zRvramde,
yoveli Tanaamsrulebeli akontrolebs moqmedebas.182
sakuTari poziciis naTelsayofad, sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebaSi miTiTebuli iyo profesor Kklaus roqsinis
magaliTze: `Tu ori adamiani erToblivad marTavs qvey-
anas, isini erToblivad batonoben (am sityvis pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT); tipiur Sedegebad mxolod isini miiCne-
va, romlebic damokidebulia sxva Tanaamsruleblebze.~
amis sawinaaRmdego mxarea is, rom Tanamonawileobaze
xelis aRebiT yovel pirs SeuZlia individualurad
CaSalos qmedebis ganxorcieleba.~183
`bralad Seracxuli konkretuli danaSaulis mens

rea-sTvis damatebiT aucilebelia, am formis pasux-
ismgeblobis dasakisreblad dadgindes: 1) orive mxars
gacnobierebuli unda hqondes, rom danaSauli mniS-
vnelovani albaTobiT ganxorcieldeba; 2) braldebu-
lebs gacnobierebuli unda hqondeT maTi rolis mniS-
182
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 440 quoting Claus Roxin, (Tätetrschaft und
Tatherrschaft „Perpetration and Control over the act” (Berlin, Hew York,
1994) 278. citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, “Just Convict Ev-
eryone!” – Joint Perpetration: From Tadić to Stakić and Back Again, Inter-
national Criminal Law Review 6: 293–302, 2006. 293, Koninklijke Brill NV.
Printed in the Netherlands, 2006, p. 296.
183
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 440 (footnotes omitted). citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 296.
153
vneloba.184 warmodginel saqmeSi mocemuli faqtebis
mimarT sasamarTlo am formis pasuxismgeblobis gamoy-
enebisas darwmunebiT miuTiTebda: `doqtor stakiCma
icoda, rom misi, rogorc priedoris (Prijedor) xelmZR-
vaneli politikosis, roli da Tanamdeboba, arsebiTi
xasiaTis iyo saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad. man
icoda, rom sakuTari Zalauflebis gamoyenebiT, raTa
pasuxisgebaSi mieca danaSaulis Camdenni, araserbi war-
moSobis xalxTa dacviT an daxmarebiT, xelmZRvaneli
Tanamdebobidan gadadgomiT, xels SeuSlida serbTa mu-
nicipalitets miznis ganxorcielebaSi.~185
`stakiCis saqmis am specifikur nawilSi sasamarTlo

palatam gamoiyena danaSaulis ganxorcielebis ori
formis kombinacia, romelsac germanul sisxlis samar-
TalSi Mittäterschaft (`co-perpetration~) da mittelbare Täterschaft
(`perpetrator behind the direct perpetrator~). amgvarma midgomam
wertili dausva xangrZliv diskusias imis Sesaxeb, rom
TanamonawileTagan, _ vinc danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
ganaxorciela, romelic danaSaulis actus rea-s nawilic
ki ar aris, magram gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa mis ganx-
orcielebaSi, _ unda CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblad Tu
ubralo Tanamonawiled. qvemoaRniSnuli hipoTeturi
SemTxveva kargad warmoaCens am sakiTxs. a., b. da c. SeT-
anxmdebian eTnikuri jgufis mosaspobad, xolo d. mowam-
lavs mTavr wyalsadens, riTac am jgufs yoveldRiuri
wyali miewodeba. c. eqspertia qimiis dargSi, romelic
a-s da b-s sakmarisi raodenobis sawamlaviT moamaragebs.
a. da b. danaSaulebriv moqmedebas ganaxorcieleben
walsadenSi sawamlavis CasxmiT. c. Tanaamsrulebelia
Tu ubralo Tanamonawile? stakiCis saqmis mixedviT, c.
184
Stakić Trial judgment, para. 495-497. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 296.
185
Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 296.
154
Tanaamsrulebelia da ara ubralo Tanamonawile.186 c-s
gamoCena SemTxvevis adgilze, rodesac actus rea (danaSau-
lebrivi qmedeba) ganxorcielebulia, araa aucilebeli
misi Tanaamsruleblad ganxilvisTvis, rogorc amas
stakiCis saqmeSi mocemuli koncefcia moiTxovs.~187
`Tumca erTi sakiTxi araa gadawyvetili sasamarTlo

palatis mier, stakiCis saqmidan gamomdinare, pasux-
ismgeblobis am formisTvis. sirTules warmoSobs
iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac danaSaulis definicia an
buneba icvleba danaSaulis Camden TanaamsrulebelTa
ganzraxvisa Tu codnis Sesabamisad. ismis kiTxva: moax-
dens Tu ara gavlenas amgvari ganzraxva Tu codna sxva
Tanaamsruleblebze, romlebic monawileoben gansax-
ilveli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi. amis sailustra-
ciod qvemoaRniSnuli magaliTi gamodgeba. a., b. da c.,
romelTac maRali Tanamdebobda ukaviaT X qveyanaSi,
SeTanxmdebian, rom mTavrobis opoziciis wevrebis gas-
anadgureblad farTomasStabiani da sistematuri kam-
pania wamoiwyon. am SeTanxmebis ganxorcielebisas c.
gadawyvets, rom aseve gaenadgurebina X saxelmwifos
politikis mimarT opoziciurad ganwyobili religi-
uri jgufi mTlianad an nawilobriv. ganaxorcieles
Tu ara a-m da b-m genocidi?188 gasaocaria, rom mesame
186
See supra notes 19, 20 and the accompanying text. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 297.
187
unda iyos Tu ara yoveli Tanaamsrulebeli danaSau-
lis adgilze, maSin rodesac danaSauli ganxorciele-
bulia, anda momzadebis stadiaze wvlilis Setana aris
Tu ara sakmarisi, germanul sisxlis samarTalSi ganx-
ilvis sagnadaa qceuli. ix. Albin Eser, supra note 24, at 791, fn.
95. citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 297
(iqve, sqolio 27).
188
pasuxi SeiZleba moiZebnos egviptis sisxlis samarT-
155
kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis mixedviT,189 a-s da b-s mxolod maSin daekisrebaT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba genocidisT-
vis, Tu es iyo wamowyebuli danaSaulebrivi gegmis aR-
srulebis bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegebi
(ganadgureba, rogorc adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tuli danaSauli).~190
`kai hamdorfi (Kai Hamdorf) gaerTianebul danaSau-

lebriv organizacias aanalizebs eqvsi SemTxvevis
fonze, sadac a. da b. danaSaulis monawileebi arian:
1. a-m ici, rom b-s ganzraxuli aqvs c-s mokvla, magram
ar icis b-s mier Cafiqrebuli detalebi;
2. a-m icis, rom b-m unda Caidinos ama Tu im sferoSi
danaSauli, magram ar icis b-s mier Cafiqrebuli de-
talebi;
lis kodeqsis 39(2)-e muxlSi, romlis mixedviTac: `piri,
rogorc amsrulebeli monawileobs danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebaSi:
1. Tu igi romelime danaSauls erTpirovnulad an sxvasTan
erTad ganaxorcielebs, an
2. Tu igi ori an meti qmedebisgan Semdgari danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebaSi Segnebulad monawileobs am danaSaulis
Semadgeneli erTi an ramdenime qmedebis ganxorcielebiT.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ama Tu im amsruleblis iseTi per-
sonaluri garemoebani, romlebic icvleba sxva ams-
rulebelTan mimarTebiT, an danaSaulis bunebas an das-
jadobas, amgvar garemoebaTa Sedegebi ar vrceldeba
danaSaulSi monawile sxva amsruleblebze. msgavsi wese-
bi moqmedebs, Tu danaSaulis buneba icvleba ganzraxvis
an codnis cvlilebasTan erTad.~citirebulia: Mohamed
Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 297 (iqve, sqolio 28).
189
See Section 2.1.3 of the present case note. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 297.
190
iqve, gv. 296-297.
156
3. a-m icis, rom Tu garkveuli garemoebebi warmoiSoba,
b. konkretul danaSauls Caidens;
4. a-m icis, rom Tu garkveuli garemoebebi warmoiSoba,
b-m SeiZleba konkretuli danaSauli Caidinos;
5. a-s da b-s erToblivi gegma gaaCniaT, magram b. SemTx-
veviT saerTo gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel gansxvave-
bul danaSauls Caidens;
6. 6) a-s da b-s erToblivi gegma gaaCniaT, magram b. ganz-
rax iseT danaSauls Caidens, romelic scdeba saerTo
gegmis farglebs.~191
hamdorfi amsruleblobis saxeebs ganixilavs german-
uli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT.192 aq warmovadgenT
amsruleblobis mxolod im saxes, romelic qarTuli
sisxlis samarTlisTvis erTob aqtualuria. `germaniis
federalurma sasamarTlom, ZiriTadad, es doqtrina
praqtikulad gamoiyena germaniis gaerTianebis Semdeg,
rodesac aRmosavleT germanelma jariskacebma cecxli
gauxsnes im moqalaqeebs, romlebic cdilobdnen aR-
mosavleT germaniis kedlis gadalaxvas (e.w. Mauerschüt-
zen anu `kedlis msrolelebi~). sasamarTlom damnaSaved
scno èrovnuli Tavdacvis sabWos~ wevrebi. am or-
ganom gasca brZaneba kedlis Sida mxridan `nebismieri
saSualebiT~ aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken kedlis
gadalaxvis aRsakveTad. maT icodnen, rom amis gansaxor-
cieleblad gamoyenebuli iqneboda 47-e modelis kalaS-
nikovi, romelsac dabali sizustis damizneba gaaCnia.
mesazRvre jariskacebs ganucxades, rom Tu vinme moax-
erxebda sazRvris bednierad gadalaxvas, maT mimarT
dadgeboda garkveuli Sedegebi. maT aseve uTxres, rom
sroliT an naRmiT dazaralebuli pirebis mimarT gamoy-
191
Kai Hamdorf, The Concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise and Domestic
Modes of Liability for Parties to a Crime, A Comparison of German and Eng-
lish Law, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 208-226, Oxford
University Press, 2007, p. 209.
192
ix. iqve, gv. 211.
157
enebuli samaSvelo RonisZiebebs TavSekavebulad unda
midgomodnen. amasTan, saavadmyofoebs ar unda gaegoT
Wrilobis mizezi.~193
`savaldebulo araa, rom Tanaamsrulebeli danaSau-
lis uSualod ganxorcielebisas danaSaulis adgilze
imyofebodnen. pirs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekis-
ros, magaliTad, yaCaRobis xelmZRvanelobisTvis Tu
mas ekuTvnis danaSaulis idea, an agrovebda informa-
cias bankis, seifis an naRdi fulis Sesaxeb. es gansa-
kuTrebiT naTlad dasturdeba organizebuli danaSau-
lisas, rodesac organizaciis bosi, rogorc wesi, ar
imyofeba danaSaulis adgilze, magram akontrolebs
yovel nabijs da aqvs drois nebismier momentSi SeaCe-
ros danaSaulis ganxorcieleba.194 savaldebulo araa
amsrulebelma icodes yvela detali, magram man unda
icodes misi ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. sxva sityvebiT, rom
iTqvas, araa savaldebulo Tanaamsrulebelma winas-
war icodes TanaamsrulebelTa yvela moqmedeba, ma-
gram saerTo bunebis Sesaxeb yovelma Tanaamsrule-
belma unda icodes.195 TiToeul Tanaamsrulebels unda
gaaCndes ganzraxva danaSaulis, saerTo gegmisa da Ta-
naamsrulebelTa erToblivi moqmedebis formebis Ses-
axeb. aqedan gamomdinare, Tanaamsrulebloba gamor-
icxulia TviTimedovnebiTa da daudevrobiT Cadenil
193
BGHSt 40, 218; BGHSt 42,68 (regarding a regimental commander at the
border); BGHSt 45, 296 (for members of the ‘Politbüro des Zentralkomitees
der SED’); BGHSt 40, 316 (regarding the falsification of the result of an elec-
tion); Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 530 margin 25-25a; Roxin, ibid., at
margin 128. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 211-212.
194
BGHSt 32, 178; Tröndle and Fischer, ibid., at 216 margin 6. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212.
195
Jescheck andWeigend, supra note 5, at 678; Kühl, supra note 5, at 817;
Roxin, supra note 5, at 81. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 212.
158
danaSaulebSi.~196
`Tanamonawile (wamqezebeli da damxmare), rogorc wesi,

pasuxs agebs mxolod maSin, Tu amsrulebelma danaSauli
ganaxorciela. ase vTqvaT, amsrulebelma, sul mcire,
iseTi ganzraxi marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis mcdelo-
ba mainc unda ganaxorcielos, romelic Tanamonawiles
hqonda Cafiqebuli. c-s mosaklavad a-s mxridan b-sT-
vis mxolod daxmarebis mcdeloba, germaniis sisxlis
samarTlis mixedviT, danaSauls ar warmadgens, Tuki
b. raime nabijebs ar gadadgams c-s mosaklavad. waqeze-
bis mcdeloba mxolod garkveul SemTxvevebSi isjeba.
TanamonawileTa dasjadoba araa damokidebuli ams-
ruleblis braleulobaze (e.w. limitirebuli aqsceso-
ruloba). savaldebulo araa, rom TviT amsruleblis
brali dadgindes. im pirebs, vinc uSualod ar axorcie-
leben danaSauls, pasuxismgebloba maSinac daekisre-
baT, Tu amsruleblis brali ver dadgindeba, magali-
Tad, imis gamo, rom igi fsiqikuradaa daavadebuli da
man, sul mcire, ganzrax marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba
ganaxorciela.~197
`gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mi-

marTebiT, sadavoa Tanamonawileobisa da ganzraxva/
gaufrTxileblobis sakiTxi: ra moxdeba Tuki Tana-
monawileTa jgufis wevri (amsrulebeli an Tana-
196
Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 518 margin 115. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 212.
197
germanuli samarTlis mixedviT, qmedeba maSinac
SeiZleba marTlsawinaaRmdego iyos, Tu samarTal-
damrRvevi fsiqikurad avadmyofi iyo. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212-213 (iqve, sqolio 12).
159
monawile) SecdomiT an ganzrax ganaxorcielebs dana-
Sauls, romelic zustad ar Seesabameba saerTo mizans?
aseTi situacia SeiZleba warmoiSvas SualobiTi ams-
ruleblobis drosac.~198
`yoveli monawilisTvis saerTo wesia is, rom maT pasux-

ismgebloba mxolod maSin daekisroT, Tu qmedebis obi-
eqturi Semadgenloba maTi ganzraxviT iyo moculi. Su-
alobiT amsrulebels ar daekisreba pasuxismgebloba,
Tu cocxalma iaraRma sruliad sxva danaSauli Caidina.
arc Tanaamsrulebels daekisreba pasuxismgebloba
im danaSaulisTvis, romelic sxva Tanaamsrulebelma
Caidina da es danaSauli ar Seesabameba sarTo gegmas
(aseve wydeba sakiTxi Tanamonawilisa da amsruleblis
mier ganxorcielebuli danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSic).199
magaliTad, a-m da b-m gadawyvites bankze yaCaRuri Tav-
dasxmis ganxorcieleba. b-s Tan hqonda cecxlsasroli
iaraRi, ris Sesaxebac ar uTqvams a-sTvis. a. da b. gar-
bodnen policiisgan. am dros b-m esrola policiel
c-s, romelic gardaicvala. am SemTxvevaSi a. pasuxs ar
agebs mkvlelobisTvis.200 uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier
ganxiluli SemTxvevis mixedviT,201 adamianTa erTi jgu-
fi SeTanxmdeba meore jgufis sacemad. uecrad erTi
jgufis wevri amoiRebs danas da moklavs meore jgufis
wevrs. sasamarTlom gansasjeli gaamarTla aramarto
198
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 215.
199
BGHSt 36, at 231; Cramer and Heine, supra note 4, at 542 margin 94;
Jescheck and Weigend, supra note 5, at 677; Kühl, supra note 5, at 817;
Roxin, supra note 5, at 80; Tröndle and Fischer, supra note 7, at 217 mar-
gin 8a. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 215.
200
See for example RGSt 44, 321 - a judgment of 2 February 1911 - where
the common plan was to inflict bodily harm and suddenly one perpetrator
killed the victim. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 215.
201
RGSt 67, 367, judgment of 23 November 1933. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 215.
160
mkvlelobis, aramed iaraRiT janmrTelobis dazianebis
nawilSi, imis miuxedavad, rom gansasjeli pirveli jgu-
fis wevri iyo da igi iziarebda saerTo gegmas janmrT-
elobis dazianebis Sesaxeb, romlisTvisac mas daekisra
pasuxismgebloba, magram ar daekisra iaraRis gamoy-
enebisTvis, romlis winaswarganWvreta mas ar SeeZlo.
uzenaesi sasarTlos gadawyvetilebis mixedviT, a. da b.
varaudobdnen, rom maT marTlzomieri SesaZlebloba
aqvT c-sgan moiTxovon 16.20 germanuli marka, risTvis
maT dauwyes cema. am Tavisi kuTvnili 16.20 germanuli
marka aiRo, xolo b-m meti aiRo. mxolod b-s Seeracxa
yaCaRoba, xolo a-s pasuxismgebloba cemisTvis daekis-
ra.202 sxva SemTxvevis mixedviT, a-m da b-m gadawyvites c-s
ugono mdgomareobaSi Cagdeba garkveuli sasmeliT da
amis Semdeg mis winaRmdeg qurdobis ganxorcieleba. c-m
adreulad gaiRviZa da b-s daesxa Tavs. b-m boTli aiRo
da ramdenimejer Caartya mas. a. gaiqca saxlidan, radgan
policiis mxridan Sepyrobis SeeSinda. mas Semdeg, rac a.
gaiqca, b-m c. daaxrCo. mxolod b-s daekisra pasuxismge-
bloba mkvlelobisTvis.203 amis miuxedavad, problema
SeiZleba warmoiSvas, maSin Tu ganxorcielebuli moq-
medeba mTlianad ar gansxvavdeba SualobiTi amsrule-
blis an Tanamonawilis ganzraxvisgan an Tanaamsrule-
belTa saerTo gegmisgan.~
`pirs SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos danaSaulis ganx-

orcielebaSi amsruleblis danaSaulebrivi ganzaxvis
gaziarebis gareSe, Tumca am dros igi xels unda uwyob-
des danaSaulis CadenaSi. daxmarebis da waqezebis obi-
202
BGH, Goldtammers Archiv (1968) 121. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf,
203
BGH, Neue JuristischeWochenschrift, (1973) 377. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 215-216.
161
eqturi elementebi Sedgeba praqtikuli xelSewyobis,
gamxnevebis an moraluri daxmarebisgan, romelic mom-
dinareobs amsruleblis Tanamonawileebisgan (saxel-
dobr, ZiriTadi danaSaulis organizatorisgan); dasas-
rul, xelSewyoba sxva moqmedebebSic SeiZleba gamoixa-
tos, romelsac SeuZlia arsebiTi gavlena iqonios dana-
Saulis ganxorcielebaze. TanamonawileTa subieqturi
elementi gulisxmobs imis codnas, rom `maTi moqmedeba
xels uwyobs amsrulebels danaSaulis ganxorciele-
baSi.~ (amgvari damajerebeli argumentebi warmoadgina
sasamarTlo palatam furunZijas (Furundžija) saqmeze ( § §
190-249); aseve ixileT musemas (Musema, § 126), aleqsovs-
kis (Aleksovski, § 63), kuraCis (Kunarac, § 391) da sxvaTa
saqmeebi.~204
àmrigad, gansxvavebiT winandeli ganxilvebisgan, dax-

marebisa da waqezebisTvis aucilebeli araa imis gaT-
valiswineba, rom damxmare da wamqezebeli iziareben
amsruleblis saerTo gegmas an mizans an mis danaSau-
lebriv ganzraxvas an danaSaulis subieqturi Semad-
genlobis sxva formas; rogorc yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo pala-
tam aRniSna tadiCis saqmeze, àmsrulebelma SeiZleba
arc ki icodes TanamonawileTa daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ ( §
229). savaldebuloa is, rom damxmare an xelSemwyobma
pirma unda icodes, rom misi moqmedeba amsrulebels an
amsruleblebs uzrunvelyofs an exmareba danaSaulis
CadenaSi.~205
`furunZijas saqmis ganxilvisas yofili iugoslaviis

sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos damna-
Saved scno, bosniel xorvatTa SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
204
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.
205
iqve, gv. 188.
162
oficeri, romelic sxva oficris mier gaupatiurebis
ganxorcielebis adgilze imyofeboda da mis dakiTx-
vas awarmoebda. amgvari gadawyvetileba gamyarebuli
iyo imiT, rom es oficeri xels uwyobda, amxnevebda an
moralurad exmareboda, rac arsebiT gavlenas axdenda
sxva oficris mier danaSaulis Cadenaze, radgan man ico-
da, rom amgvari moqmedeba xels uwyobs danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebas. amis gamo, sasamarTlo palatam gansasje-
lebs brali dasdo piradi Rirsebis Seuracxyofis uxeS
darRvevaSi, maT Soris gaupatiurebaSi, daxmarebis da
waqezebisTvis ( § § 270-5).~206
`saerTo gegmis Tu monaxazis uSualod ganxorcielebas

da misTvis xelSewyobas Soris Semdegi gansxvavebaa:
1. `damxmare an wamqezebeli yovelTvis Tanamonawilea
amsruleblis mier Cadenil danaSaulSi;
2. daxmarebisa da waqezebisTvis damtkicebas ar sa-
Wiroebs, rom aucilebelia saerTo SeTanxmebuli
gegmis arseboba, rom araferi vTqvaT, amgvari gegmis
winaswarganWvretaze. savaldebulo araa gegmis an Se-
Tanxmebis arseboba: marTlac, amsrulebelma SeiZle-
ba arc ki icodes, rom Tanamonawile xels uwyobs mas;
3. damxmare an wamqezebeli axorcielebs iseT moqmede-
bebs, romlebic specialurad, pirdapiraa mimar-
Tuli gansakuTrebuli danaSaulebis (mkvleloba,
ganadgureba, gaupatiureba, wameba, moqalaqeTa sa-
kuTrebis umizezo dazianeba da a.S.) xelSesawyobad,
wasaqezeblad da moraluri mxardaWeriskenaa mimar-
Tuli da amgvar mxardaWeras arsebiTi mniSvneloba
aqvs danaSaulis Casadenad.
4. 4) daxmarebisa da waqezebis SemTxvaveSi, aucilebeli
inteleqtualuri elementia damxmarisa da wamqezeb-
lis mier imis codna, rom maT mier ganxorcielebuli
206
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 189.
163
qmedebebi mimarTulia amsruleblis mier Cadenili
konkretuli danaSaulis xelSesawyobad.~207
sisxlis samarTali miznad isaxavs aramxolod individe-

bis sisxlissamarTlebriv devnasa da maT dasjas, aramed
maTi braleulobis dadasturebas erToblivi moqmede-
bisTvis. swored amitomaa, rom sisxlis samarTlis Teo-
ria cdilobs Tanabrad gaanawilos gakicxva danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis elementebze. amisTvis saWiroa
sami moxerxebuli cnebis frTxili analizi. esenia: gan-
zraxva, winaswarganWvretadoba da braleuloba. saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis doqtrina gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb yovelTvis war-
matebul suraTs ver iZleva. warumateblobis Sedegi
nawilobriv doqtrinis fesvebSi unda veZeboT. doqtri-
na warmoiSva omis danaSaulze saerTaSoriso da erovnu-
li sasamarTloebis mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebisas, romelsac adgili hqonda II msof-
lio omis Semdeg.208 sxvadasxva qveynebis tribunalebi
monawileobas iRebdnen saerTaSoriso samarTalSi mo-
cemuli omis danaSaulis elementTa interpretaciaSi,
207
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 229. citirebulia: Attila Bogdan,
Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Execution of a “Joint Criminal En-
terprise” in the Jurisprudence of the ad hoc International Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Law Review 6: 63–120, 2006. ©
2006 Koninklijke Brill NV. Printed in the Netherlands, p. 93.
208
See e.g. trial of Otto Sandrock and three others, b\British Military
Court for the Trial of War Criminals; Trial of Gustav Alfred Jepsen and
others, Proceedings of a British War Crimes Trial held at Luneberg, Ger-
many (13-23 August 1946); Trial of Franz Schonfeld and others, Brit-
ish Military Court. For an axtensive discussion of the World War II case
law, see Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1-A), Appeals Chamber, 15 July 1999, §
195 passim (henceforth Tadić). See also A. Cassese, International Crimi-
nal Law (Oxford: OUP, 2003), 183-86. citirebulia: ix. Jens David
Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal
Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Ox-
ford University Press, 2006, p. 70.
164
ramac gamoiwvia ad hoc gadawyvetilebaTa dadgena. gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis ZiriTadi ar-
sis kodificirebulad warmodgenis mcdeloba arc yo-
fila. esaa anglo-amerikuli saerTo samarTlis ganvi-
Tarebis klasikuri magaliTi. amis gamo, gasakviri araa,
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia saer-
TaSoriso precedentul samarTalSi analizdeba.209
aqedan gamomdinare, qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis sain-

tereso iqneba anglo-amerikuli sisxlis samarTlisa da
romanul-germanuli sisxlis samarTlis urTierTSe-
darebis mixedviT Tanamonawileobis sayuradRebo
aspeqtebis mokle mimoxilva, rac ufro naTlad warmo-
aCens gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis re-
alur arss.
3.1 Tanamonawileoba inglisur sisxlis samarTalSi
ìnglisis sisxlis samarTalSi amsruleblisa da Tana-

monawileTa gamijvnas didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba,
rogorc es germanuli sisxlis samarTlisTvisaa damaxa-
siaTebeli, radgan pasuxismgeblobis orive formisTvis
sasjeli identuria da TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblo-
ba, _ gansxvavebiT germanuli sisxlis samarTlisgan, _
rogorc wesi, ar Semoifargleba amsruleblis da Tana-
monawileTa ganzraxi moqmedebiT. 1861 wlis kanonis me-8
muxlSi, romelic exeba Tanamonawileebs da wamqezeb-
els, 1977 wlis sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT Setanili
cvlileba Sevida, romlis mixedviT: is vinc daexmareba,
waaqezebs, rCevas miscems an uzrunvelyofs sisxlisa-
marTlebriv devnas daqvemdebarebul samarTaldarRve-
209
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine
of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5
(2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p 70.
165
vas, romelic saerTo samarTlis an romelime kanoniT
danaSauladaa miCneuli, miecema samarTalSi, daiwyeba
mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da daisjeba
rogorc danaSaulis amsrulebeli.~210
àmis miuxedavad, gansxvavebas mniSvneloba eniWeba mkac-

ri da uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilis pasuxismgeblobi-
sas (strict and vicarious liability), iseve rogorc gansakuTreb-
uli klasis mier Casadeni danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi.
Tuki amsruleblis mier ganxorcielebuli danaSauli
mkacr pasuxismgeblobas eqvemdebareba, maSin sxva Tana-
monawileni pasuxismgebelni iqnebian, Tu damtkicdeba,
rom isini ZiriTadad moqmedebdnen xsenebuli means
reas-s Sesabamisad da uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilisT-
vis pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba mxolod amsrulebels
daekisros. iq, sadac danaSaulisTvis savaldebuloa,
rom damnaSave gansakuTrebul klass miekuTvnebodes
(magaliTad, sasamarTlo nebarTvis mflobeli), gamor-
icxulia am klasSi arSemavali piris, rogorc amsrule-
blis, pasuxismgebloba. aq pasuxismgebloba mxolod
TanamonawileobisTvis SeiZleba dadges.211 garkveul
SemTxvevebSi, sasamarTlo naTlad ar gansazRvravs,
piri rogorc amsrulebeli Tu rogorc Tanamonawilea
pasuxismgebeli, manamde ki, yoveli maTgani ase Tu ise
Tanabrad isjeba.~212
210
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 218.
211
M.J. Allen, Textbook on Criminal Law (8th edn., Oxford: Oxford Univer-
sity Press, 2005), 199; Smith & Hogan, Criminal Law (11th edn., Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2005), 165. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 218.
212
Allen, ibid., at199; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 164, submitting that ‘[i]t has
always been sufficient to prove that the defendant was either the principal or
a secondary party . . . [b]ut the charge should, wherever possible, specify the
actual mode of participation alleged’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 218.
166
`sakmaod naTeli da formaluri midgomaa gamovlenili
amsrulebelTa da TanamonawileTa gasamijnad: is, vinc
uSualod axorcielebs danaSaulis obieqtur Semad-
genlobas (acrus rea) amsrulebelia, xolo danaSaulSi
monawile danarCeni pirebi Tanamonawileebad ganixile-
bian.213 amgvari midgoma gamoiyeneba maSinac, rodesac
ori borotmoqmedi danaSauls erToblivad axorcie-
lebs. isini orive amsruleblad ganixilebian, Tu erTo-
blivad axorcieleben Sesabamisi danaSaulis Semadgen-
lobas, rac gaerTianebuli Zalisxmevis Sedegia. magal-
iTad, bankze yaCaRuri Tavdasxmisas erTi bankis Tanam-
Sromlebis mimarT axorcielebs muqaras, xolo meore
tomaraSi fuls yris. amasTan, maT mier Sesrulebuli
danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenloba unda moicavdes
danaSaulis erToblivad Cadenas. mZRoli ki, ganixileba
Tanamonawiled, maSinac ki, Tu igi iyo bandis meTauri,
gegma SeimuSava, manqana gaitaca, daaTvaliera banki
yaCaRobis ganxorcielebamde da a.S. germanul sisxlis
samarTalSi ki, amgvarad monawile piri SesaZlebelia
Tanaamsruleblad iqnes ganxiluli. amgvari formal-
uri midgomidan, gamonaklisia SualobiTi amsrule-
bloba, rodesac amsrulebeli danaSauls axorcielebs
pasuxismgeblobis asaks miuRweveli piris, fsiqiurad
daavadebulis, danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis
naklulobisas an iZulebisas.214 cocxali iaraRis gam-
oyenebas doqtrina uaryofs im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
amsrulebelma personalurad unda ganaxorcielos da-
naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba, magaliTad, orco-
lianoba an gaupatiureba.215 (Tumca, gaupatiurebasTan
213
Allen, ibid., at 198; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at166. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 218.
214
Allen, ibid., at 198; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at167. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 219.
215
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at168.The same applies under German law for the
so-called ‘eigenhändige Delikte’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 219.
167
dakavSirebiT es azri miuRebelia Cveni kanonmdeblobis
mixedviT. SeniSvna Cemia _ i.d.). iq sadac cocxali iara-
Ris Sesaxeb doqtrina gamoiyeneba, sruliad SesaZle-
belia ori an meti borotmoqmedi ganvixiloT Tanaams-
ruleblebad, Tundac isini ar eswrebodnen danaSaulis
dasrulebis moments.~216
`daxmarebis, waqezebisa da rCevis micemisTvis dawese-

buli Tanamonawileobis pasuxismgebloba ar miTxovs
mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenas TanamonawileTa moq-
medebasa da amsruleblis mier ganxorcielebul da-
naSauls Soris; sakmarisia, rom damxmarem amsruleb-
els SesaZlebloba misces danaSauli Caidinos ufro
advilad, droulad da saimedod, maSinac ki, Tu Tana-
monawilis Carevis gareSec danaSauli bolomde mivi-
doda.217 damxmare maSinac ki isjeba, rodesac man mkv-
leli danaSaulis adgilze miiyvana, magram mkvleloba
mxolod 13 saaTis Semdeg ganxorcielda.218 wamqezebeli
maSinac isjeba, rodesac amsrulebels ukve danaSaulis
Cadena gadawyvetili aqvs.219
ùzrunvelyofa TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis

oTxive formas Soris yvelaze uzogadesia da danaSau-
lis gansaxorcieleblad warmoebul yvela moqmedebas
moicavs. uzrunvelmyofi (procurer) ar imyofeba danaSau-
lis faqtiurad ganxorcielebis adgilze, Tumca uz-
216
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 168. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 218-219.
217
Allen, supra note 32, at 201; Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 172. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 219.
218
Bryce (2004) EWCA Crim1231 and (2004) Crim LR 936. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 219.
219
Smith & Hogan, supra note 32, at 173 with reference to Gianetto (1996)
Crim LR 722, giving the example: ‘I am going to kill your wife’; Husband:
‘Oh goody’. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 219.
168
runvelyofasa da danaSauls Soris mizezobrivi kav-
Siri unda dadgindes.~220
`Tanamonawilis pasuxismgebloba araa damokidebuli

uSualo amsrulebelze. wamqezebels pasuxismgebloba
SeiZleba daekisros ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis, maSinac
ki, rodesac uSualo amsrulebeli ganzrax ar moqmedebs.
aseT SemxvevebSi, wamqezebeli, umeteswilad, isjeba
rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli, magram mas rogorc
wamqezebels SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba, Tuki
danaSaulis aRweriloba isea formulirebuli, rom
piris ganxilva ar SeiZleba damnaSaved.~221
`Tanamonawilis subieqturi SemadgenlobisTvis auci-

lebeli pirobebia: 1) Tanamonawiles ganzraxuli unda
hqondes danaSaulSi daxmareba, danaSaulis waqezeba, an
_ uzrunvelyofis SemTxvevaSi _ danaSaulis gamowve-
va, 2) Tanamonawiles gacnobierebuli unda hqondes ams-
ruleblis mier Casadeni danaSaulis arsebiTi element-
ebi (im monacemebis CaTvliT, rac aucilebelia mkacri
pasuxismgeblobisTvis); es agreTve gulisxmobs imis
gacnobierebasac, rom amsrulebeli amgvari danaSaulis
220
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 174. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 219.
221
For example, in Millward (1994) Crim LR 527: d-m aswavla mis
TanamSromel p-s gzaze satransporto saSualebis mar-
Tva. d-m icoda, rom satransporto saSualeba saxifaTo
mdgomareobaSi iyo, magram p-m ar icoda amis Sesaxeb. sa-
transporto saSualebis mdgomareobam gamoiwvia Sejaxe-
ba, ris Sedegadac adamiani daiRupa. p-s mimarT gamovida
gamamrTlebeli ganaCeni daudevrobiT marTvis Sedegad
sicoxlis mospobisTvis, Tumca d-s pasuxismgebloba dae-
kisra daudevrobiT marTvis obieqturi Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. citirebulia: Kai
Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 220 (iqve, sqolio 43).
169
subieqturi SemadgenlobiT imoqmedebs. meore element-
Tan dakavSirebiT, saapelacio palata ganmartavs, rom
meorexarisxovanma wevrebma, sul mcire, unda icodnen
àrsebiTi xasiaTis sakiTxebi,~ romlebic danaSaulis
ZiriTadi nawilis Semadgenelia, magram araa saWiro yve-
la detalis codna.~222
ìnglisis sisxlis samarTali aranair gansxvavebas

ar akeTebs error in persona-sa da aberratio ictus-s Soris. e.w.
`boroti ganzraxvis gadasvlis~ doqtrinis mixedviT,
meorexarisxovan wevrebs pasuxismgebloba maSinac ekis-
rebaT, rodesac amsrulebeli SecdomiT danaSauls sxva
pirovnebis an obieqtis mimarT Caidens. magaliTad, Tu a.
da b. SeTanxmdebian, rom b-m Caidinos c-s mkvleloba, ma-
gram b-s c. aereva d-Si da d-s moklavs, a. damnaSve iqneba
rogorc meorexarisxovani wevri, xolo b. mkvlelobis
amsrulebeli iqneba.~223
à-s, rogorc meorexarisxovan wevrs, ar daekisreba mkv-

lelobisTvis pasuxismgebloba, Tu b. ganzrax moklavs
d-s, ra drosac man kargad icoda, rom visac igi klavda
c. ar iyo. duningisa da greiemis saqmis mixedviT, d-m
sTxova p-s v-s saxlisTvis cecxli waekidebina. p-m gadaw-
yvida cecxli v-s manqanisTvis waekidebina. sasamarTlom
d-s pasuxismgebloba daafuZna im mosazrebaze, rom mas
SeeZlo winaswar neba daerTo an gaeTvaliswinebina imis
SesaZlebloba, rom iseTi sakuTreba, rogoricaa manqa-
na, romelic saxlTan axlos dgas, daiwveboda.~224
ìnglisur sisxlis samarTalSi, dResdReobiT isic

222
Johnson v.Youden (1950) 1 All ER 300. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 220.
223
Allen, supra note 32, at 214; Smith & Hogan, supra note 32, at 189.
citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.
224
Preston Crown Court, December 1985, unreported, cited after Smith &
Hogan, supra note 32, at 188. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 221.
170
naTelia, rom amsrulebels an meorexarisxovan Tana-
monawiles, romlebic monawileoben gaerTianebul dana-
Saulebriv organizaciaSi pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT
aramarto saerTo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
lisTvis, aramed jgufis romelime wevris mier Cadeni-
li iseTi danaSaulisTvisac, romlis winaswarganWvreta
SeiZleboda da amgvar risks nebayoflobiT urigdebo-
da.225 es principi pirvelad ganaviTari daxurulma sab-
Wom Can ving-siuSi (Chan Wing-Siu),226 romlis mixedviTac,
danebiT SeiaraRebuli a., d. da e. gaemarTnen v-s binis
gasaqurdad. v-m uari ganacxada fulis gadacemaze, ris
gamoc, igi sasikvdilo WrilobebiT mokles. a. moiTxov-
da, rom mas ar unda dakisreboda pasuxismgebloba mkvl-
elobisTvis, radgan rodesac d. da e. v-s klavdnen, a. v-s
mueRles akavebda sxva oTaxSi. a-s, d-s da e-s brali dae-
doT mkvlelobisTvis da saapelacio saCivari ar daakmay-
ofila sasamarTlom. sasamarTlom ganacxada: `mTavari
damnaSavis moqmedebisTvis meore xarisxovan wevrebs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT,
Tuki am ukanasknelT SeeZloT winaswarganeWvritaT
es da sruliad araa saWiro ganzraxvis arseboba... es
SeesabamisobaSia im danaSaulis winaswarganWvretas-
Tan, romelic erTianma ukanono gaerTianebam SeiZleba
SemTxveviT ganaxorcielos. sisxlissamarTlebrivi
braleuloba gamomdinareobs gaerTianebaSi monawile-
225
inglisur sisxlis samarTalSi mTlianad naTeli araa,
unda gaimijnos Tu ara pasuxismgeblobis es forma dax-
marebis, waqezebisa da uzrunvelyofisgan, rogorc pa-
suxismgeblobis damoukidebeli formebisgan, Tu igi
daxmarebis, waqezebis da uzrunvelyofis erT-erTi
formaa. diskusiisTvis ix. J.C. Smith, ‘Criminal Liability of Acces-
sories: Law and Law Reform’, 113 Law Quarterly Review, (1997) 453-467,
at 462. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi,gv. 221 (iqve,
sqolio 53).
226
(1985) 1AC 168. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 221.
171
obis windaxedulobidan.~227
à. pasuxs agebs b-s qmedebisTvis, Tu b-s Sesabamisi mo-
qmedeba arsebiTad gansxvavdeba iseTi qmedebisgan, ro-
melic a-s unda gaeTvaliswinebena.228 r.v. gembles (R.v.
Gambles) saqmis mixedviT,229 oTxma braldebulma d-m, k-m,
a-m da m-m gadawyvites p. daesajaT. orma braldebulma
k-m da d-m gadawyvites p-sTvis ramdenimejer daertyaT
an `muxlis Tavi daezianebinaT~ (Kneecapping) (cexlsasr-
oli iaraRidan tyvia esrolaT muxlis TavSi). a-m da m-m
Tavdasxmisas p. gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT mokles. p-s
sakmaod Rrmad hqonda yeli gamoWrili, ramac uecari
sikvdili gamoiwvia. amis garda, mas oTxi tyvia hqonda
moxvedrili sxeulis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan adgi-
lebSi, romelTagan ori maTgani fataluri iyo. mosamar-
Tle qarsvelis (Carswell) azriT, d-s da k-s ar unda dae-
kisroT imaT mier gamowveuli SedegisTvis pasuxismge-
bloba, radgan misi winaswarganWvreta ar SeiZleboda
da arc am Sedegis survili da ganzraxva ar hqondaT. d-s
da k-s brali daedoT ganzrax janmrTelobis mZime da-
zianebisTvis da ara mkvlelobisTvis.~230
`r.v. udinis (R.v. uddin) saqmeSi, msjavrdebuli u.ketebiTa

da barebiT SeiaraRebuli eqvsi kacidan erT-erTi maT-
gani iyo.isini Tavs daesxnen v-s, romelic t-s dartyme-
biT gardaicvala. u-s mimarT gamotanili gamamtyune-
227
ChanWing-Siu v. The Queen [1985] AC 168, at 175. citirebulia: Kai Ham-
dorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 221.
228
Allen, supra note 32, at 215; M.T. Molan, Cases & Materials on Crimi-
nal Law (3rd edn., London: Cavendish, 2005) at 340; Smith & Hogan,
supra note 32, at 193. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 221.
229
Crown Court in Northern Ireland (1989) NI 268. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 221.
230
See alsoWilson, supra note 47, at 595: ‘It would be wrong, for ex-
ample, if A gave P explosives to blow open a safe, to convict A of murder
if P used them to blow up an inhabited office block’. citirebulia:
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212-222.
172
beli ganaCeni Seicvala. sasamarTlom aRniSna: Tuki
ramdenime piri erToblivad Tavs esxmis dazaralebuls
iseT garemoebebSi, romelic metyvelebs, rom maT gan-
zraxuli aqvT seriozuli dazianebebis miyeneba, yvela
maTgani pasuxismgebelia mkvlelobisTvis. amitom, Tuki
ganzrax dazianeba metyvelebs imaze, rom es mxolod da
mxolod erT-erTi Tanamonawilis moqmedebaa, romelic
sruliad gansxvavdeba winaswarganWvretadi qmedebebi-
sgan, rogorc Tavdasxmis Semadgeneli nawilisgan, maSin
mxolod am qmedebis ganmaxorcielebeli monawilea dam-
naSave mkvlelobaSi. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom meore
mxaris mier iaraRis gamoyeneba arsebiTi faqtoria da
sxvaTa pasuxismgebloba imazea damokidebuli, icodnen
Tu ara maT iaraRis arsebobis Sesaxeb da iTvaliswinebd-
nen Tu ara imas, rom iaraRs gamoiyenebdnen.~231
ìnglisis sisxlis samarTali ganasxvavebs qmedebis sub-

ieqturi Semadgenlobis (means rea) sam formas: ganzrax-
va, TviTimedovneba da daudevroba. piri ganzrax axor-
cielebs konkretul danaSauls, Tu mas es mizani gaaCnia,
maSinac ki, Tu mas warmatebis imedi ara aqvs. magaliTd,
a-s surs b-s esrolos TavSi, Tumca icis, rom cudi
msrolelia, an b. sakmaod Sorsaa.232 amasTan, sasamarT-
los an nafic msajulebs SeuZliaT ganzraxva daadgi-
non Sedegis mimarT, rodesac Sedegi amsruleblis mier
231
es azri gakritikebulia Semdegi avtorebis mier: This view
is criticized by C.M.V Clarkson and H.M. Keating, Criminal Law: Text
and Materials (5th edn., London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2004) at 545: `mar-
Talia, cecxlsasroli iaraRi xis xelketze ufro saSiSi saSu-
alebaa, magram Tu gansasjeli winaswar iTvaliswinebda, rom
amsrulebels SeeZlo mkvleloba ganexorcielebina, rTulia
imis gageba, Tu ratom unda hqondes mkvlelobis meTods an gam-
oyenebul saSualebas, aseTi arsebiTi mniSvneloba. citirebu-
lia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 222 (iqve, sqolio 61).
232
Smith & Hogan, ibid., at 92. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 223.
173
ar iyo gamiznuli, magram 1) damdgari Sedegi faqtiu-
rad konkretuli moqmedebis Sedegia da 2) amsruleb-
els gacnobierebuli aqvs faqtiuri Sedegi. ganzrax-
vis am formas àrapirdapiri ganzraxva ewodeba (oblique
intention).233 TviTimedovnebisas piri, romelic ganzrax
ar moqmedebs Sedegis mimarT, Sedegs iwvevs gaumarTle-
beli riskiT. e.w. `qaninghemis testis~ (`Cunningham test~)
Tanaxmad, braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos, rom dam-
naSaves gacnobierebuli hqonda gaumarTlebeli riski
(`gulisxmieri TviTimedovneba.~ àdvertent recklessness~).234
piri maSinac TviTimedovnebiT moqmedebs, rodesac igi
zustadaa darwmunebuli, rom akrZaluli Sedegi aras-
dros ar dadgeba. gulgriloba TviTimedovnebis dama-
mZimebeli faqtoria da ara misi cnebis Semadgeneli
elementi.235 TviTimedovnebis cnebaSi aseve moiazreba
iseTi fsiqikuri mdgomareobac, romelic eventualur
ganzraxvad SeiZleba Sefasdes, anu ganzraxvad german-
uli samarTlis mixedviT. rac Seexeba daudevrobas, igi
aris uyuradRebo damokidebuleba gaumarTlebeli ris-
kis mimarT, romelic mTlianad obieqtur safuZvelze
dgindeba.~236
`Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi sisxlis samarTlis mier SemoT-

avazebuli SezRudvebi SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc am
winadadebaTa kombinacia. amasTan, mokled, rom vTqvaT,
germanuli da inglisuri sisxlis samarTali moicavs
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis samive
formis udides nawils, yovel SemTxvevaSi, germanuli
233
Ibid., at 94. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 223.
234
Ibid., at 103. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 224.
235
Ibid., at 109. citirebulia: Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224.
236
Ibid., at 109. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 223-224.
174
sisxlis samarTali amgvari organizebuli gaerTianebis
monawileebs mijnavs erTmaneTisgan. monawile, rogorc
amsrulebeli, mxolod maSinaa pasuxismgebeli Tu igi
uSualo amsruleblad, Tanaamsruleblad an SualobiT
amsruleblad miiCneva, romelTagan pasuxismgeblobis
samive formas sakuTari wanamZRvrebi gaaCnia. rodesac
saqme exeba maRalCinosan politikur da samxedro Tanam-
debobis pirebs da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis gamorCeuli forma,
mniSvnelovania, Semdeg principebs unda daveyrdnoT:
1. Tanamonawile iSviaTad SeiZleba mogvevlinos uSu-

alo amsruleblad, radgan savaldebuloa, rom man
faqtiurad TviTon ganaxorcielos danaSauli, rac
organizebuli gaerTianebis mizania;
2. Tanamonawile SeiZleba Sefasdes Tanaamsrule-
blad Tu igi: a) uSualod iRebda monawileobas dana-
Saulis ganxorcielebaSi da moqmedebda erToblivad
saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad sxva TanamonawileebTan
erTad an b) uSualod ar iRebda monawileobas dana-
Saulis realurad ganxorcielebaSi, magram igi iyo
danaSaulis òrganizatori,~ man Seadgina danaSau-
lis gegma, yoveli Tanamonawilis moqmedebas xelmZ-
Rvanelobda da a.S.
3. Tanamonawile mxolod maSin Sefasdeba SualobiT
amsruleblad Tu: a) uSualo amsrulebeli fsiqi-
urad daavadebuli iyo an iZulebiT moqmedebda
an sxva msgavs mdgomareobas hqonda adgili an b)
uSualo amsrulebeli organizebuli jgufis, or-
ganizaciis an politikuri organis maRalCinosani
wevri iyo, romelsac gamokveTili ierarqiuli br-
Zanebebis gacemis uflebamosileba gaaCnda da amg-
vari Tanamonawile sakuTar pozicias iyenebda
imisTvis, rom mis daqvemdebarebulebs danaSauli
175
ganexorcielebinaT.~237
3.2 anglo-amerikuli kanonis warmoSoba
`gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis

srulyofili gagebisTvis, aucilebelia cnebaTa winaaR-
mdegobas mivmarToT, romelsac iwvevs anglo-amerikul
sistemaSi Camoyalibebuli TanamonawileobisTvis pa-
suxismgebloba (accomplice liability/complicity) da romanul-
germanuli Tanaamsruleblobis cneba. pasuxismge-
blobis orive Teoria Cadebulia gaerTianeuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis cnebaSi. TanamonawileobisT-
vis pasuxismgeblobis naTelsayofad sakmarisia kadiSis
naSromidan citireba: `meorexarisxovani monawilis
pasuxismgebloba nawarmoebia mTavari monawilis mier
im kanonis darRvevidan, romelSic meorexarisxovanma
monawilem wvlili Seitana. amgvari Senatani araa uSua-
lo, radgan TviT mizezobriobis analizic araa Sesabami-
si. es gamoricxulia adamianuri qcevis Cveneuli gagebi-
dan gamomdinare, romelsac Tanamonawileobis doqtri-
na iziarebs. nebelobiTi qcevebi mTavari amsruleblis
arCevania, ris gamoc, igi mxolod misi qcevaa. is, vinc
`daexmareba da waaqezebs~ mas am qmedebaTa ganxorciele-
baSi, saerToa samarTlis tradiciuli eniT, SeiZleba pa-
suxi agos, magram ara ise, TiTqos man gamoiwvia amsrule-
blis (principal) qmedebebi an amsruleblis qmedebebi misi
qmedebebia. misi pasuximgebloba efuZneba amsruleblis
mier kanonis darRvevas, romlis iuridiul Sedegebs igi
kisrulobs sakuTari moqmedebebis gamo.~238
237
Kai Hamdorf, dasax. naSromi, gv. 224-225.
238
S.H. Kadish, ‘Complicity, Cause and Blame: A study in the Interpretation
of Docrtine’, 73 California Law Review (1985), 323 et seq., 337. citire-
bulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 196.
176
àmsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis mkacri struq-
tura ar ergeba iseT situaciebs, sadac a. da b. arian
gaerTianebuli amsruleblebi da yovel maTgans ar-
sebiTi mizezobrivi wvlili Seaqvs actus rea-s ganxor-
cielebaSi.239 saerTo miznis anu gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis doqtrina avsebs amgvar ùka-
mrisobas~ anglo-amerikul TanamonawileobaSi imiT,
rom ar moiTxovs zustad gansazRvruli kauzaluri
wvlilis dadgenas, ramac danaSauli gamoiwvia, Tumca
es gadafarulia `gaerTianubuli organizaciiT~ anu
`saerTo mizniT.~240 saerTo miznis/gaerTianeuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasuxismgebloba emyare-
ba TanamonawileTa pasuxismgeblobis princips, sadac
yoveli maTganis pasuxismgebloba gamomdinareobs sxva-
Ta kauzaluri wvlilidan da gaerTianebuli àmsrule-
blebidan~ yoveli maTgani pasuxismgebelia TavianTi
gaerTianebuli moqmedebebisTvis da isjebian amsrule-
blis mier ganxorcielebuli danaSaulisTvis.241 esec
nawarmoebi pasuxismgeblobaa: sadac pirebi actus reas-s
garkveul elementebs asruleben TviTon. sxva sityve-
biT, rom vTqvaT, pirebs pasuxismgebloba nawilobriv
ekisrebaT sxva pirTa moqmedebebisTvis.242 amis gamo, am-
srulebelsa da wamqezebels Soris gansxvavebis dadgena
garTulebulia. smitisa da hoganis Tanaxmad, maT Soris
gansxvaveba umniSvneloa. is, rom erTi axorcielebs da-
naSauls amsrulebeli, xolo meorexarisxovani piri
Tanabradaa pasuxismgebeli, saerTod aranairi mniSvn-
eloba ar gaaCnia.~243
239
Smith, supra note 68, at 80, footnote 101. citirebulia: Elies van
240
Ibid., pp. 209-234. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
241
Smith and Hogan, supra note 58, at 147. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
242
See Kadish, supra note 67, at 344-345, n. 36. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
243
Smith and Hogan, supra note 58, at 127-129. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 197.
177
saerTo miznis/gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis doqtrinas Semoaqvs `winaswarganWvretadobis
riskis~ testi da Tanamonawileobis sazRvrebSi aqcevs im
piris moqmedebebs, vinc egueba sakuTari SexedulebiT.
sisxlissmarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba efuZneba winas-
warmetyvelebas.244 es testi hgavs inglisur samarTalSi
ganviTarebul TanamonawileobisTvis pasuxismgeblo-
bas windauxedaobis codnis (reckless knowledge) tests245
da didad ar gansxvavdeba yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier daxmarebi-
sa da wamqezeblobisTvis dawesebuli inteleqtualuri
testisgan, romlis mixedviTac, pirs SeiZleba daekis-
ros pasuxismgebloba danaSaulSi daxmarebis an dana-
Saulis wamqezeblobisTvis, Tu pirma icoda, rom es da-
naSauli `SeiZleba ganxorcielebuliyo.~246
3.3 Tanamonawileoba romanul-germanuli samarTalis

mixedviT
`Tanaamsrulebloba anu erToblivi amsrulebloba pa-

suxismgeblobis damoukidebl safuZvladaa miCneuli
umetes romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemebSi. er-
Toblivi amsrulebloba, rogoricaa germanuli `Mit-
täterschaft~, belgiuri `coactions,~ holandiuri `medeple-
gen~, gamijnulia Tanamonawileobisgan da ufro mets
244
A. Ashworth, Principles of Criminal Law (Oxford: OUP, 2003), at 434.
citirebulia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.
245
In DPP for Northern Ireland v. Maxwell ([1978] 3 All Er 1140), a reckless
knowledge test was introduced for complicity. As to the mental element of the
accomplice, it suffices that he ‘[k]nows that one or more of group of offences
is virtually certain to be committed, which means that in relation to the one(s)
actually commited there was knowledge only of a risk that it would be actu-
ally commited – and that amounts to rechlessness.’ Ashworth, supra note 77,
at 442. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 198.
246
ix. iqve, gv. 197-198.
178
moiTxovs vidre ubralod xelSewyoba.247 Tanaamsrule-
bloba (co-perpetration) niSnavs danaSaulSi srul Tana-
monawileobas. im sistemebSi, sadac aRiarebulia monaw-
ileobis ori forma _ Tanaamsrulebloba da Tana-
monawileoba _ rTulia maTi gamijvna. amis miuxedavad,
es sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, radgan damxmareebi
(facilitators), romelsac rogorc xelSemwyobs (helpers)
meorexarisxovani statusi gaaCniaT da Tanaamsrule-
blebTan SedarebiT ufro msubuqad isjebian. franguli
samarTali, anglo-amerikulis msgavsad, didi Zalisx-
meviT cdilobda daeregulirebina amsruleblis cneba,
radgan Tanamonawileobis Sesaxeb misi xelovnuri Teo-
ria emyareba `sasjelis nasesxobis~ cnebas (emprnut de
penalité).248 1810 wlis kodeqsiT, Tanamonawile, rogorc
amsrulebeli ise isjeboda, axla ki, 121-7 muxlis mixed-
viT, Tanamonawile isjeba ise, TiTqos igi amsrulebe-
lia. belgiuri Tanaamsrulebeli gansxvavdeba Tana-
monawilisgan imiT, rom mas pasuxismgebloba sakuTari
moqmedebis Sesabamisad ekisreba. maT Soris gansxvaveba
isaa, rom Tanaamsrulebeli Tavisi Sexedulebisame-
br axorcielebs moqmedebebs, romlebic danaSaulis
Semadgeneli nawilia, xolo Tanamonawile axorcielebs
martiv damatebiT moqmedebebs danaSaulis xelSewyo-
bis mizniT.249 Tavisi arsiT, belgiuri Tanaamsrule-
beli meorexarisxovani mxarea iseve, rogor yvela sxva
Tanamonawile.~250
247
Mittäterschaft, Art. 25(2) German Penal Code, Caition, Art. 66 Belgioan
Penal Code, Medeplegen, Art. 47(1) holandiuri Penal Code. citirebu-
lia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 198.
248
F. Desportes and F. Le Gunehec, Le Nouveau Droit Pénal (7th edn., Paris:
Economic, 2000), § 566, at 494. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 198.
249
J.S. Bell at al., Principles of French Law (Oxford: OUP, 1998), at 238.
250
iqve, gv. 198-199.
179
`naTelia, rom Tu pirveli da meore kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis fesvebi ro-
manul-germanuli samarTlis sistemidan modis, mesame
kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacia-
sac aqvs Tanabarzomieri fesvebi romanul-germanuli
samarTlis sistemaSi, imis miuxedavad, rom amis Secno-
ba erTob rTulia. holandiur samarTalSi mesame kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia
Tanaamsruleblobad miiCneva, radgan danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis, maT Soris Tanaamsruleblobis, mens rea
eventualur ganzraxvas moicavs.251 romanul-germanu-
li samarTlis sxva sistemebSi mesame kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis tol-
fasovnadaa aRiarebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
wevrobis dasjadoba.252 vinaidan gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia Tavisi arsiT gansxvavdeba war-
modgenili cnebebisgan, zogierTi principi, romelic
`wevrobisTvis pasuxismgeblobas~ udevs safuZvlad,
rogorc Cans asaxavs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis ZiriTad arss.~253
251
Dutch Supreme Court, 20 January 1998, NJ (Dutch Law Reports) 1998,
426. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 199.
252
French law penalizes ‘participation in group fermed or an understanding
reached for the perpetration of one of the falonies specified in Arts 211-1,
212-1 and 212-2 (genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, EvS),
when evidenced by one or more overt acts’, Art. 213-3, § 1 Code Pénal
[Translation; The American Serias of Foreign Penal Codes, Vol. 31: France
(1999)]. See also Desportes and Le Gunehec, supra note 82, at 461. More-
over, the French concept of ‘association de malfaiteures’ – a concept that
inspired the drafters of the Nuremberg Statute to penalize membership of a
criminal organization – has been aqually devised to deal with mob violence
by overcoming causality problems, Arts. 450-1 to 450-4 of the Code Pénal.
Dutch law provides for an analogous concept in Art 140 of the Dutch Penal
Code. [Translation: The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes, Vol. 30;
The Netherlands (1997)]. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 199.
253
iqve, gv. 199.
180
3.4 SeTqmuleba
iuridiul literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom aSS-Si

SeTqmulebis doqtrinis dabadeba dakaSirebuli iyo,
mzardi socialuri problebis gamo mkacri sasjelebis
dawesebisa da sasamarTlo procesis gamartivebisT-
vis. zogierTi kanonmdebloba danaSaulebriv SeTanx-
mebas dasjadad acxadebdnen maSinac ki, rodesac dana-
Saulebrivi qmedeba ganxorcielebuli ar iyo. amgvari
midgoma gamosadegi iyo, maSin, rodesac brali edeboda
pirs mkvlelobis CadenaSi, magram danaSaulTan uSua-
lod dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebi ar iyo. gaerTineb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia ganviTarebas iwyebs
meore msoflio omis Semdegi wlebidan, radgan yvela
damnaSavisTvis Tanabari pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas
praqtikuli daniSnuleba hqonda.254
aris meore, filosofiuri mizezi, romelic asabuTebs

xelovnurad Seqmnili Tanabar braleul pasuxismge-
blobas. mecnierebi cdiloben, rom zogjer danaSau-
lebrivi SeTanxmeba ganixilon gaerTianebuli qcevis
mcdelobad, rogorc jgufis agentis moqmedebis Sede-
gi.255
`SeTqmulebis problema saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-

TalSi gansjis sagani niurnbergis procesis Semdeg
gaxda. saerTo samarTlis sistemis mixedviT, SeTqmule-
ba ganxorcielebulia Tu ori an meti piri SeTanxmdeba
danaSaulis Casadenad, imis miuxedavad, es ukanaskneli
danaSauli ganxorcielda Tu ara, xolo kontinenturi
samarTlis sistema, romelic napoleonis tradiciis
254
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of
Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007),
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 85-86.
255
ix. iqve, gv. 86.
181
gavlenas ganicdida, SeTqmuleba, zogadad, ganixileba
rogorc Tanamonawileobis anu realurad Cadenil da-
naSaulSi an mis mcdelobaSi Tanamonawileobis for-
mad. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebam dauSva kompromisi da savaldebulod
miiCnia raime moqmedebis ganxorcieleba SeTqmulebis
dasamtkiceblad, Tumca araa savaldebulo danaSaulis
realurad ganxorcieleba. gadawyvetileba momdinare-
obs teroristuli dabombvis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb
1997 wlis konvenciidan, sadac es misaRebi formula
konsesusiT miiRes.256 samwuxaro Sedegi isaa, rom sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wes-
deba srulad ar asaxavs genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis
debulebebs, romlis III(b) muxli `SeTqmulebas~ gansaz-
Rvravs rogorc genocidis faqtiurad ganxorcielebas.
genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis kanonproeqtis Sedgenis
istoria gviCvenebs saerTo samarTalSi Camoyalibebu-
li SeTqmulebis cnebis Semotanis ganzraxvas, rac re-
alurad daumTavrebeli danaSaulia.257~

sasamarTlos wesdebis me-4(3) muxli gvTavazobs geno-
cidisTvis pasuxismgeblobis or safuZvels, romlebic
msgavsia, Tumca gansxvavdeba, magram gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis erTi da igive araa
SeTqmuleba da Tanamonawileoba. SeTqmulebas adgili
aqvs maSin, rodesac ori an meti piri SeTanxmdeba saer-
To gegmis Sesabamisad ganaxorcielon genocidi.258
256
GA Res. 52/164, Annex, See also Saland, ‘International Criminal Law Princi-
ples’, pp. 199-200. citirebulia: William Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 214.
257
Shabas, Genocide in Intrenational Law, pp. 260-1. citirebulia: Wil-
liam A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 214-215.
258
Judgment, Musema (ICTR-96-13-A), Trial Chember, 27 January 2000,
paras 189-191. Conspiracy is approached differently in common and civel-
law systems. In the former case, it is directly punishable as a form of crimi-
182
SeTqmulebis mens rea mixedviT, unda arsebobdes im dana-
Saulis gansaxorcieleblad faqtebisa da garemoebebis
Sesaxeb codna, romelic jgufis mieraa Cafiqrebuli
da igi unda ganxorcieldes SeTanxmebisamebr, am SemTx-
vevaSi genocidi.259 amgvari saxiT, SeTanxmeba Seesabameba
pirveli kategoris odg-s.260
genocidSi Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba daafuZnos geno-

cidSi monawilebis ramdenime formam, maT Soris saSu-
alebis miwodebam, magaliTad, iaraRis gamonaxva, Seg-
nebulad daxmareba an waqezeba danaSaulis CadenaSi.261
means rea moiTxvs Tanamonawilis mxridan genocidSi
Tanamonawileobis codnas; ganzraxvisTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia is, rom Tanamonawile Segnebulad exmareba an aqe-
zebs or an met pirs genocidis CadenaSi. amrigad, saval-
debulo araa Tanamonawiles hqondes jgufis mTliani an
nawilorivi mospobis mizani.262
`braldebuli daculi jgufis nawilobrivi an sruli

ganadgurebis mizans iziarebs, gacnobierebuli aqvs,
rom misi moqmedeba an umoqmedoba xel uwyobs anda xels
Seuwyobs amgvar ganadgurebas, pasuxismgebloba dae-
kisreba genocidSi TanamonawileobisTvis da ara TviT
nal participation. In the latter, a person cannot generally be convicted for mere
criminal intent or the commission of ‘preparatory acts’. W. Schabas, Genocide
in International law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 259.
citirebulia: ix. Steven Paulus, Joint Criminal Enterprice Criminal Li-
ability by Prosecutorial Ingenuity Judicial Creativity? Journal of International
Criminal Justice 2 (2004), 606-619, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 8.
259
A. Cassese, International Criminla Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003), 196, 2003), 196. The mens rea for conspirancy is the same as for genocide
itself. Ibd., para. 192. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, iqve, gv. 8.
260
ix. Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 8.
261
Judgment, Akayesu (ICTR-96-4-T), Trial Chamber, 2 September 1998, para
537. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 9.
262
Ibid, paras 538-545. citirebulia, ix. iqve, gv. 9.
183
genocidisTvis.263 amis gamo, Tu braldebulma ar icoda
amsruleblis ganzraxva genocidis Sesaxeb, ar SeiZle-
ba mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis warmoeba,
Tumca mis mimarT SeiZleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev-
nis warmoeba, magaliTad, mkvlelobisTvis.~264
`tadiCis saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, TiTqos

gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasux-
ismgeblobis forma iyo, romelic pirvelad CveulebiT
samarTalSi damkvidrda, sadavo gaxda dacvis mier
`wardgenili SuamdgomlobiT ojaniCis (Ojdanić) mimarT
gansjadobis Taobaze.~265 ojaniCi, sxvaTa Soris, asab-
uTebda, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis pasuxismgebloba sruliad ar momdinareobs
tribunalTa gansjadobidan da igi arRvevs nullum crimen
sine lege princips.~266
`SeTqmuleba jgufuri danaSaulia, romelic gulisx-

mobs or an met pirs Soris SeTanxmebas danaSaulis
Casadenad. igi dasjadia maSinac, rodesac danaSauli
ar ganxorcielebula. amasTan, Tu danaSauli ganxor-
cielda, danaSaveni pasuxs ageben rogorc SeTqmulebis,
ise maT mier realurad Cadenili danaSaulisTvis. SeT-
qmulebis obieqturi Semadgenloba moiTxovs yoveli
TanamonawilisTvis ori pirobis arsebobas: 1) danaSau-
lis jgufurad ganxorcielebis ganzraxvis faqtebis
anu pirobebis codna; 2) SeTqmulebis ganxorcielebis
ganzraxva da am ganzraxviT realurad danaSaulis Cade-
263
Jelisic, para. 86 citing Akayesu, paras. 544-7. Also Musema, paras. 180-
3. citirebulia: Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, dasax. naSromi, gv. 246.
264
Musema, para. 182. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 246-247.
265
Dicision on Dragoljub Ojdanić’s Motion Challenging Jurisdiction – joint
Criminal Enterprise, Ojdanić (IT-99-37-AR72), Appeals Chamber, 21 May
2003. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 9.
266
iqve, gv. p. 9.
184
na. naTelia, rom am danaSaulis akrZalvis safuZvlis ax-
snas ukan danaSaulis Tavidan acilebaa, gansakuTrebiT,
rodesac maTSi gaerTianebulia ramdenime pirovneba da
isini sakmaod saSiSia sazogadoebisTvis.~267
`SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb erTaderTi samarTlebrivi

normebi SeiZleba moviZioT londonis 1945 wlis SeT-
anxmebaSi. me-6 muxli awesebs sasjels ìm pirTaTvis,
vinc mSvidobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli romelime dana-
Saulis gansaxorcieleblad monawileobs saerTo geg-
maSi an SeTqmulebaSi da amavdroulad xelmZRvanelobs,
organizebas uwevs, aqezebs an xels uwyobs im saerTo
gegmis an SeTqmulebis Camoyalibebas an aRsrulebaSi
monawileobas, romelic mimarTulia zemoaRniSnul da-
naSaulTa [danaSauli mSvidobis winaaRmdeg, omis dana-
Saulebi da adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli dana-
Saulebi] gansaxorcieleblad, aseve pasuxismgebloba
dawesebulia yvela pirTa im qmedebebisTvis, romlebic
aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba.~268
sxva saerTaSoriso dadgenileba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb esaa

1948 wlis genocidis Sesaxeb konvenciis me-3(b) muxli,
romelic aseve awesebs dasjadobas genocidis Casadenad
SeTqmulebisTvis.269
`niurnbergisa da tokios saerTaSoriso samxedro tri-

bunalebma dadgines, rom isini, vinc monawileobdnen
`saerTo gegmis an SeTqmulebaSi zemoaRniSnuli dana-
Saulebis gansaxorcieleblad, pasuxismgebloba daeki-
srebaT yoveli moqmedebisTvis, romlebic Cadenilia
romelime piris mier amgvari gegmis gansaxorciele-
267
Antonio Cassese, dasax. naSromi, gv. 196-197.
268
iqve, gv. 197.
269
iqve, gv. 197.
185
blad.~ 270 aRniSuli garemoebebis Semcveli pasuxismge-
blobis es forma, romlebic orive tribunalis dad-
genilebiT gamoyenebulia mxolod mSvidobis winaR-
mdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis mimarT,271 romlebic
xSirad SeTqmulebis saxeliTaa cnobili.272 am mimarTe-
biT `SeTqmulebis~ gamoyeneba damabnevelia, vinaidan
gaurkvevelia Sesabamisi safuZvlebi am saxis pasuxismge-
blobasa da SeTqmulebis calkeul danaSaulebs Soris,
romelic warmoadgens SeTanxmebas danaSaulis Cadenis
Sesaxeb da araa savaldebulo, rom romelime Semdgomi
moqmedeba SeTanxmebas Seesabamebodes.273 saerTaSoriso
sisxlis samarTalSi aRniSnuli daumTavrebeli dana-
Sauli genocidis saxiTaa warmodgenili.274 niurnbergisa
da tokios samxedro tribunalebs, romlebic iyenebdnen
termins SeTqmuleba, saqme hqondaT iseT situaciebTan,
sadac gegma realurad ganxorcielebulia. niurnbergis
saerTaSoriso samxedro tribunali princips sakmaod
viwrod ganmartavda, xolo tokios saerTaSoriso samx-
270
Nuremberg IMT Statute, Art. 6, Tokyo IMT Statute, Art. 5(c). citire-
bulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wol-
mshurst, An Introduction to International Criminal law and Procedure, 2009,
p. 304.
271
‘Nuremberg IMT: Judgment and Sentence’ (1947) 41 AJIL 172, 221-2: To-
kyo IMT Judgment, 48-, 449, Judges Bernard and Jaranilla dissented on this:
Dissented on this: Deissenting Opinion of the Member from France, at 5-7;
Concurring Opinion of the Member from the Philippines, 1-7. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 304.
272
maT Soris tribunalebic. citirebulia: Robert Cryer,
Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi,
gv.304.
273
Multinović et al. ICTY A. Ch. 21.5. 2003 (hereinafter Odjanić) para. 23.
274
1948 Genocide Convention, Art. 3(d). See William Schabas, Genocide in In-
ternational Law (Cambridge, 2000) 259-66. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.
186
edro tribunali sakmaod farTo ganmartebas iyenebda,
ris gamoc kritika daimsaxura.~275
§ 4. sami kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi

organizacia (Joint Criminal Enterprise) yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los mixedviT
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis gama-

rTleba sakmaod sadavo gaxda yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebebis Semdeg.
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami kat-

egoria gamoiyofa, romelTagan yvelaze sadavo mesame
kategoriaa.
`tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlom aseve aRwera gaerTianeb-

uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami forma, romelic
seira leonis specialuri sasamarTlos SeairaRebuli
Zalebis revoluciuri sabWos Sesaxeb gadawyvetile-
biTaa cnobili: ZiriTadi, sistematuri da gafarToebu-
li. ZiriTad formaSi igulisxmeba, rom erToblivi da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis yvela wevrs, braldebulis
CaTvliT, ganzraxuli aqvT Caidinon maTi ganzraxviT
moculi danaSaulebi da gegmis mixedviT yvela pasux-
ismgebelni arian am danaSaulTa momzadebisa da ganx-
orcielebisTvis. sistematurobis forma miuTiTebs e.w.
`sakoncentracio banakis~ SemTxvevaze. am formaSi igu-
lisxmeba, rom braldebuli SesaZlebelia cnobili iqnes
damnaSaved im organizaciaSi monawileobisTvis, sadac
275
Ian Brownlie, International law and the Use of Force by States (Oxford,
1962) 203: John Piccigallo, The japanese on Trial (Austin, TX, 1979) 21.
187
ilaxeba adamianis uflebebi da man icis amis Sesaxeb,
agreTve nebiT iRebs monawileobas am gaerTianebaSi da
farulad Tu aSkarad gamoxatavs amgvari darRvevebis
gagrZelebis ganzraxvas. sakoncentracio banakis
xelmZRvanels sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba
maSinac daekisreba, rodesac igi uSualo monawileo-
bas ar iRebs sakoncentracio banakSi ganxorcielebul
wamebaSi, magram icis amis Sesaxeb da ganagrZobs aq muS-
aobas. dasasrul, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis gafarToebuli forma niSnavs imas, rom bral-
debuli pasuxismgebelia misi wevrebis mier Cadenili im
danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic misi ganzraxviT moculi
ar iyo, magram saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegmis mixedviT,
amgvari Sedegebi mosalodneli iyo, raSic igi nebiT
iRebda monawileobas.~276
tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli yofili iugoslaviis sisx-

lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos procesi
pirveli iyo, sadac braldeba wardgenili iyo `gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis~ pasuxismge-
blobisTvis, rac bosniis sofel jaSkiCSi (Jaskichi)
mcxovrebi xuTi kacis mokvlas ukavSirdeboda. aravi-
Tari pirdapiri mtkicebuleba ar iyo xuTi kacis uSu-
alod mokvlis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ar ganuxilavs
èrToblivi mizani~, rogorc saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTlSi damoukidebeli pasuxismgeblobis forma.
sasamarTlo palatam xuTi kacis mkvlelobaSi gamamar-
Tlebeli gadawyvetileba gamoitana, Tumca saapelacio
wesiT gasaCivrebis Semdeg, saapelacio palatam 1999
wlis 15 ivliss saerTod Secvala es gadawyvetileba. am
gadawyvetilebam safuZveli daudo `gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis~ sasamarTlo standarts,
romelsac SemdegSi emyareboda yofili iugoslaviis
276
Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi. gaerTianebuli danaSaule-
brivi organizaciis Sesaxeb aseve ixileT: A.O’Roorke, dasax.
naSromi, gv. 312-313.
188
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos sxva Se-
fasebebi. aqve sasamarTlo Seexo Semdeg mniSvnelovan
problemebs: 1) SeiZleba Tu ara erTi piris moqmedebam
daafuZnos im ori piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi braleu-
loba, romlebic monawileoben danaSaulebrivi gegmis
ganxorcielebaSi da 2) mens rea-s ra xarisxia saWiro am
SemTxvevaSi.277
`tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarTlom daadgina,

rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cneba
CveulebiTi samarTlis mieraa Seqmnili da yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
wesdebiTac SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba.~278
`pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi

organizaciis da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis daxmarebas da waqezebas
Soris gansxvaveba maT SesaZleblobebSi ikveTeba. mesame
kategoris gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizacia-
Si daxmarebisa da waqezebisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba SeuZlebelia. mesame kat-
SemTxvevaSi, braldebulebs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT, Tu maT danaSaulis
ganxorcielebaSi monawileoba hqondaT ganzraxuli.
aseTi danaSauli, SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, wameba. misi
braleuloba mkvlelobaSi, maSin ikveTeba, Tu winas-
warganWvretadi iyo msxverplis gardacvalebis riski,
magram, riskis miuxedavad, braldebuli mainc gaer-
Tianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi monawileobda,
raTa mkvleloba ganxorcielebuliyo. amasTan, wamebaSi
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis damx-
277
ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 80.
278
Judgment, Tadić (IT-94-1), Appeals Chember, 15 July 1999, para. 220.
citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 2.
189
mares da wamqezebels mkvlelobisTvis brali ar daekis-
rebaT, maSinac ki, Tu wamebis msxverplis gardacvaleba
winaswarganWvretadi iyo, vinaidan aseT specifikur da-
naSaulSi daxmareba da waqezeba, sikvdils iwvevs.~279
`tadiCis sasamarTlom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi

gaerTianebis konstruirebisTvis sakmaod specifikuri
argumentebi gamoiyena. misi azriT, gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia moicavs sam kargad gamoxatul
scenars, romelTagan TiToeuli nebismierma SeiZleba,
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos wesdebiT, daafuZnos sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. pirveli scenari, moicavs
SeTanxmebas, romlis wevrebsac ganzraxuli aqvT da-
naSaulTa ganxorcieleba, imis miuxedavad, rom SeTanx-
mebis erTma wevrma ganaxorciela danaSauli. meore, gu-
lisxmobs sakoncentracio banakebs, sadac yvela wevrma
icis banakSi cudi mopyrobis sistemis Sesaxeb da samo-
mavloTac ganzraxuli aqvT cudi mopyrobis Sesaxeb.
ufro metic, SeTanxmebis wevrebi maSinac ageben pasuxs,
rodesac maT ar aqvT codna aRniSnuli danaSaulebebis
an sxva qmedebebis Sesaxeb. mesame scenaris mixedviT, Se-
Tanxmebis wevri aqtiurad moqmedebs gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis miznebis ganxorcielebaSi
da pasuxismgebloba ekisreba sxva wevrebis mier Cad-
enili winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulebisTvis, maSinac
ki Tu amgvari danaSaulebi SeTanxmebis nawili ar iyo.
mesame scenaris Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos azriT, damna-
Save pasuxismgebelia, vidre mas gonivrulad SeeZlo
ewinaswarmetyvela, rom saerTo gegmis wevrebs SeeZloT
danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi monawileoba mieRoT.~280
279
Judgment, Furundzija (IT-95-17/1), Trial Chember, 10 December 1998,
para. 249. citirebulia: Steven Paulus, dasax. naSromi, gv. 7-8.
280
Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75.
190
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis moce-
muli variantebi aRebulia saerTaSoriso saqmeebidan,
romelTagan zogierTs saeWvo Rirebuleba gaaCnia.281
281
`magaliTad, tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlo daeyrdno kurt
goebelisa (Kurt Goebell) da sxva saqmeebze (kunZul borkumis
SemTxveva) aSS samxedro sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. ix.
tadiCi, § 210-212. am saqmis mixedviT, aSS aviagamanadgurebli
germaniis teritoriaze Camoagdes da TviTmfrinavis jgufis
wevrebi sasikvdilo gzas gauyenes. tyveebs germaneli jaris-
kacebi, acilebdnen romlebic moqalaqeebs mouwodebdnen
cemiT amoexadaT maTTvis suli. bolos da bolos tyveebi
daxvrites. Aamerikeli prokurori gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
gasamyareblad eyrdnoboda saerTo danaSaulebrivi miznis
yovlismomcvel Teorias. imis miuxedavad, rom saqmeSi war-
modgenili faqtebi uSualo SemxeblobaSia gaerTianebul dan-
aSaulebriv organizaciasTan, samxedro sasamarTlom sakmaod
martivad daadgina gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da ar gaukeTebia
farTo iuridiuli daskvnebi saerTo danaSaulebrivi gegmis
an brbos mier ganxorcielebuli cemis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad,
tadiCis saqmeze sasamarTlom miiRo mxedvelobaSi aSS proku-
roris mier citirebuli sityvebi da daaskvna, rom prokuro-
ris mosazreba gaziarebulia. Aamgvari tipis saqmeebs aranairi
Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia, swored am mosazrebis gamo. marTlac,
prokuroris msjeloba am sakiTxis garSemo Sinaganad winaaR-
mdegobebis Semcvelia. erTxel igi amtkicebda, rom `sakmaod
mniSvneelovania gamoaSkaravdes yoveli braldebulis brali
maTi zusti rolebis mixedviT. maT msgavsi moqmedebebiT ar
miuRiaT monawileoba. brbos wevrebi iSviaTad axorcieleben
erTmaneTis msgavs moqmedebebs.~ es sakmaod faqizi sakiTxia,
romelsac mogvianebiT statiis sxva nawilSi Sevexebi. Tum-
ca, prokuroris Semdegi gamonaTqvami amsxvrevs am ideas
yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe da ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier
SemoTavazebul mosazrebas: ìurisprudenciis yvela didi
specialisti Tanxmdeba imaze, rom sadac brbos erTiani gan-
191
sasamarTloebis mier SemTxvevaTa amomwuravi CamonaT-
vali gvaTqmevinebs, rom tribunalebi, rogorc saerTa-
Soriso da erovnuli, iyenebdnen SeTanxmebis gafarToe-
bul cnebas omis danaSaulTa CamdenTa mimarT.282 mag-
aliTad, tadiCis saqmeSi citirebulia, rom qalaq esenSi
samxedroebi, romlebic acilebdnen tyveebs, damnaSaved
cnes brbos mier linCis wesiT gasamarTlebaSi. amasTan,
brbos wevrebsac bralad daedoT mkvleloba, radgan isi-
zraxva arsebobs da brbo am ganzraxvas axorcielebs, iq ara-

nairi gansxvaveba ar arsebobs momwodebelsa da uSualo gan-
maxorcielebels Soris. aranairi gansxvaveba ar arsebobs imaT
Soris, vinc Tavisi moqmedebebiT msxverpli brbos siamovnebis
miRebis sagnad aqcia an vinc mouwoda brbos an vinc fataluri
dartymebi ganaxorciela~. es pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba mis ad-
reul gancxadebas individualuri bralis Sesaxeb, rac brbos
mier ganxorcielebul ZaladobasTanaa garegnulad gaTana-
brebuli. bundovania rogor eTanxmeba amgvari msjelobebi
erTmaneTs.~ ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the
Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Jus-
tice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75 (amasaTan, me-10
sqolio).
282
magaliTad, ponzanos saqmeSi aRniSnulia, rom igi monaw-
ileobda britanel omis tyveTa mkvlelobaSi, sadac igi gvev-
lineba `movlenaTa meqanizmis WanWikad, romelsac Sedegamde
mivyavarT,~ monawileoba araa savaldebulo ise farTo iyos,
rom misi monawileobis gareSe es ar moxdeboda. mosamarTlem
gadawyvetilebaSi, miuTiTa, rom erToblivi danaSaulebrivi
gegmis gamo pasuxismgeblobis dawesebisTvis saWiroa jgufis
gegmis codna. arapirdapir es mimaniSnebelia, rom araa saval-
debulo samomavlo erToblivi danaSaulebrivi gegmis mimarT
ganzraxva. amaze miTiTebulia tadiCis saqmeSi, § 199. ix. Jens
David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal
Enterprise, Journal of International Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford
University Press, 2006, p. 76. (amasTan, sqolio me-11).
192
ni `dainteresebulni iyvnen mkvlelobaSi.~283 aqve marTeb-
uladaa miTiTebuli, rom es argumenti aara myari, ramde-
nadac meore msoflio omis Semdeg italiis da germaniis
tribunalebs ar hqodaT werilobiTi sisxlis samarTlis
wesdeba da maSin SesaZlebeli iyo SeTanxmebis farTo in-
terpretacia, maSin rodesac tadiCis saqmeze arsebobda
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7 (1) muxli.284
`Tu Cven gadavxedavT meore msoflio omis Semdgom sa-

samarTlo saqmeebs285, iseTi rogoricaa almelos (Alme-
lo) saqme286 qalaq esenSi linCis wesiT gasamarTlebis
sasamarTlo procesi287, tadiCis saqmis ganmxilvelma
sasamarTlo palatam daadgina, rom es saqmeebi aris
zogadmiRebuli safuZvlebi iseTi sami tipis SemTx-
vevebisTvis, rogoricaa `Tanaamsrulebloba, sadac
saerTo gegmis yovel monawiles gaaCnia danaSaulis Ca-
denis msgavsi danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva (romelTagan
erTi an meti piri axorcielebs ganzrax danaSauls)...
e.w. `sakoncentracio banakebis~ SemTxvevebi da gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis `mesame tipi,
rodesac jgufis wevrebis mier ganxorcielebulia iseTi
283
Trial of Erich Heyer and six others, British Military Court For the Tri-
al of War Criminals, Essen, 18-22 Dec 1945, UNWWC, vol. I. at 91, cited
in Tadić, § 207. citirebulia: ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual
Problems with the Doctrine of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Journal of Interna-
tional Criminal Justice 5 (2007), 69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 76.
284
ix. iqve, gv. 75-76.
285
unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela maTgani naTlad ar gansazRvravs
pasuxismgeblobis formebs. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Fri-
man, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 305
(iqve, sqolio 36).
286
Otto Sandrock I LRTWC 35. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.
287
Erich Heyer I LRTWC 88. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305.
193
danaSaulebi, romlebic ar Sedis maT saerTo mizanSi, ma-
gram SemTxvevebi winaswarganWvretadia.288 sasamarTlom
daadgina, rom samive tipisTvis saerTo saxis danaSaulis
obieqturi Semadgenlobaa damaxasiaTebeli. saxeldobr:
1. pirTa simravle;
2. saerTo gegmis, ganzraxvis Tu miznis arseboba,
romelic gaTvlilia anu moicavs wesdebiT gaTval-
iswinebul danaSaulTa Cadenas;
3. saerTo ganzraxvis ganxorcielebaSi monawileoba,
romelic gulisxmobs wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
romelime danaSulis Cadenas.~289
`tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatam daazusta es kri-
teriumebi. magaliTad, `simravlisTvis araa aucilebeli
samxedro, politikuri an administraciul struqtur-
aSi organizebuloba...290 araa aucilebeli amgvari saer-
To gegma, ganzraxva an mizani winaswari iyos mowesrige-
buli da Camoyalibebuli. saerTo ganzraxva an mizani
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes winaswari momzadebis gareSec,
romlis moazrebac SeiZleba im faqtidan, rom ramdenime
piri moqmedebs SeTanxmebulad gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis Sedegis misaRwevad.~291 saerTo
ganzraxvaSi monawileobisTvis àraa aucilebeli am pi-
robebis Sesabamisi konkretuli danaSaulis Cadena... ma-
gram SeiZleba gamoixatos saerTo gegmis an miznis ganx-
orcielebaSi daxmarebiT anu xelSewyobiT.~292 ufro gvi-
andelma saqmeebmac xeli Seuwyo danaSaulis obieqturi
288
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 220. See also Gacumbitsi Appeal, Separate Opin-
ion of Judge Shahabuddeen, para. 40. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
289
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 305-306.
290
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
291
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
292
Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 227. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
194
Semadgenlobis gagebas. naTelia, rom, magaliTad, jgu-
fis wevroba arsebiTad sakmarisi araa am safuZvelze
dayrdnobiT pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad. saxeze
unda iyos braldebulTa mier raime formiT moqmedeba,
romelic xels uwyobs saerTo gegmis ganxorcielebas.293
uSualo an SualobiTi monawileoba Tanabrad sakmari-
sia.294 savaldebulo araa braldebulis mier Setanili
wvlili arsebiTi iyos.295 yofili iugoslaviis sisx-
lis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo praqtika
araTanimdevrulia imis Taobaze, rom unda iyos Tu ara
Sesabamisi danaSaulis faqtobrivad ganmaxorcielebe-
li gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevri,
imisTvis, rom am principze dayrdnobiT am organizacia-
Si monawileobisTvis davdoT brali.~296
`Tu saerTo gegma an mizani Zireulad icvleba, maSin es

axali gegma an mizania da ara ubralod Zveli gegmis an
293
Odjanić para. 26. Brdjanin and Talić ICTY T.Ch. 1.9.2004 (hereinafter
Brdjanin) para. 263. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl
Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 306.
294
Odjanić para. 26. Brdjanin and Talić ICTY T.Ch. 1.9.2004 (hereinafter
Brdjanin) para. 263. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
295
Kvočka Appeal para. 97. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
296
See Krŝtić ICTY T. Ch. I 2.8.2001 para. 612; contra Brdjanin para.
344; Limaj ICTY T. Ch. II 30.11.2005 n. 2264; and Rwamakuba ICTR A.
Ch. 22.10.2004 para. 24. See also Odjanić paras. 18-24, mosamarTle
bonomis (Bonomy) gansxvavebuli azris mixedviT, naTelia,
rom amgvar situaciebSic SeiZleba pasuxismgeblobis dakis-
reba. me-13 abzacSi igi miuTiTebs, rom `marTlac, ar arsebobs
saapelacio sasamarTlos savaldebulo gadawyvetileba, ro-
melic daabrkolebda sasamarTlo palatas amis safuZvelze
braldebulisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas. citirebu-
lia: iqve, gv. 306. (iqve, sqolio 48).
195
miznis gagrZeleba an Secvla297 da piri pasuxismgebelia
mxolod im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic SeTanxmebuli
gegmiT an mizniT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.298 garkveuli
eWvi SeiZleba gamoiTqvas blagojeviCis da jokiCis saq-
meze arsebuli mtkicebis Sesaxeb, TiTqos `Tavdapirve-
li miznis nebismieri `gafarToeba~ SeiZleba SeTanxme-
buli iyos Tu pirs ekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis, an `gafarToeba~ iyos
Tavdapirveli organizaciis bunebrivi da winaswargan-
Wvretadi Sedegi.~299 ukanaskenl SemTxvevaSi asea imitom,
rom arsebobs riski, ris gamoc, pirs SeiZleba daekisros
im danaSaulisTvis pasuxismgebloba, romelic axali
organizaciis winaswarganWvretadi, magram ara SeTanx-
mebuli, Sedegia.~300
`naTelia, rom pirveli kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-

naSaulebrivi organizacia axlos dgas Tanaamsrule-
blobis cnebasTan: sxvadasxva monawileebi iziareben
gansaxorcielebeli danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvas.
amgvari ram SesaZlebelia meore kategoriaSic, sadac
sastiki mopyrobis sistemis Sesaxeb codna sakmarisia
da araa saWiro konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis ganz-
raxva (Tu codna da ganzraxva sruliad gansxvavebli
297
Blagojević and Jokić ICTY T. Ch. 17.1.2005 para. 700. citirebulia:
Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst,
dasax. naSromi, gv. , gv. 306.
298
Ibid., para. 701, although if the later plan or purpose is broader, he or
she may still be liable for those crimes that fall within the narrower aspect
agreed to, ibid., n. 2157. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 306.
299
Ibid., n. 2156. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 307.
300
iqve, naSromi, gv. 306-307.
196
cnebebia).301 pasuxismgeblobis yvelaze farTo forma
mocemulia danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis `mesame tipis~
pasuxismgeblobisas, sadac danaSaulis winaswargan-
Wvretadoba, rogorc amboben, aris testi.~302
`SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom `mesame tipis~ gaerTianebul

danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan mimarTebiT termin
`winaswarganWvretadis~ da ara `winaswarganWvretilis~
gamoyenebisTvis saapelacio palatam daadgina daudev-
robis (negligence) standarti. mcdari iqneba, Tu testis
meore aspeqti _ rodesac braldebulma `siamovnebiT
gaswia riski~ _ aSkarad gviCvenebs, rom testis mixed-
viT, unda ganisazRvros iyo Tu ara piri windauxedavi
(an romanul-germanuli samarTlis sistemis terminiT
rom vTqvaT, hqonda Tu ara mas eventualuri ganzrax-
va) amgvari danaSaulis mimarT.303 aseve mniSvnelovania
aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri daskvnis gakeTebisas yur-
adReba unda mieqces, Tu ra detalebi icoda braldeb-
ulma: ìs rac bunebrivi da winaswarganWvretadia siste-
muri gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
erTi wevrisTvis, meorisTvis ar iyos bunebrivi da wi-
naswarganWvretadi, rac misTvis xelmisawvdom infor-
301
Although in both instances the Appeals Chamber has said the partici-
pants must share the physical perpetrator’s mens rea: Krnojelac ICTY A.
Ch. 17.9.2003 para. 83. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman,
Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. , gv. 307.
302
erT-erTi sasamarTlo palata aradamajereblad amtkicebda
odg-s mesame tipisTvis Tanamonawileebsa da danaSaulis ams-
ruleblebs Soris specialuri SeTanxmebis arsebobis damtkice-
bas: Brdjanin para. 347; for a critique, see Katrina Gustafson, ‘The Require-
ment of an ‘‘Express Agreement’’ for Joint Criminal Enterprise Liability’
(2007) 5 JICJ. The requirement was not mentioned in the Kvočka or Stakič
Appeals. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 307 (iqve, sqolio 55).
303
See Tadić 1999 Appeal para. 220; Stakicґ Appeal paras. 99–103. citire-
197
maciazea damokidebuli.~304 Tu es naCvenebia, magram pirs
SeiZleba maSinac ki daekisros pasuxismgebloba amgvari
danaSaulisTvis, Tu damtkicdeba, rom man icoda amgvari
danaSaulis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb.~305
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-

iso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7 (1) muxli da ruandis
sasamarTlos wesdebis me-6 (1) muxli aRwers `pirda-
piri pasuxismgeblobis~306 xuT formas identuri ter-
minebiT: ìs vinc dagegmavs, mouwodebs, gascems brZane-
bas, ganaxorcielebs an sxvagvarad xels Seuwyobs an
waaqezebs danaSaulis dagegmvis, momzadebis an ganxor-
cilebisken... individualurad agebs pasuxs danaSaulis
CadenisTvis.~307 am TvalsazrisiT, pasuxismgeblobis
xuTi saxea gamoyofili: ori amsruleblis da sami Tana-
monawilis. piri, rogorc amsrulebeli, damnaSavea Tu
igi TviTon an sxvisi xelSewyobiT `ganaxorcielebs~ da-
304
Kvočka Appeal para. 86. citirebulia:Robert Cryer, Håkan Fri-
man, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 308.
305
Miloŝević ICTY T. Ch. III 16.6. 2004 para. 150. citirebulia: iqve,
gv. 307-308.
306
tribunalebis sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, pasuxismge-
blobis aRniSnuli xuTi forma moixsenieba, rogorc
`pirdapiri pasuxismgebloba,~ raTa isini gaimijnos
meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobisgan (anu xelmZRvanelTa pa-
suxismgeblobisgan~). See, e.g., Prosecutor v. Mucić, Judgement on
Sentence Appeal, ICTY Appeals Chamber, at para. 34, Case No. IT-96-21-
Abis (Apr. 8, 2003) (contrasting “direct” responsibility with “superior” re-
sponsibility); Prosecutor v. Delalić, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, supra
note 30, at para. 12 . citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez,
Guilty Associations: Joint Criminal Enterprise, Command Responsibility,
and the Development of International Criminal Law, CALIFORNIA LAW RE-
VIEW, Vol. 93:75, 2005, p.102.
307
ICTR Statute, supra note 9, at art. 6(1); ICTY Statute, supra note 9, at art.
7(1). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 102.
198
naSauls an `dagegmavs~ danaSauls. nebismieri pirobis
Tanaxmad, braldebuls ganzraxuli unda hqondes da-
naSaulis dagegmva an ganxorcieleba an sakmarisad unda
acnobierebdes imis albaTobas, rom mis xelmZRvanelo-
bas Sedegad mohyveboda danaSaulebrivi moqmedeba an
umoqmedoba.~308
`piri SeiZleba pasuxismgebeli iyos maSinac, rodesac

danaSauli sxvasTan urTierTqmedebiT ganxorcielda:
igi mouwodebda, ubrZanebda an exmareboda da aqezebda
sxvas danaSaulis Cadenisken. pasuxismgeblobis aRniS-
nuli formebi aqscesorulia, radgan isini darwmuneb-
uli arian, rom braldebulis garda, sxva axorcielebs
danaSauls, ris gamoc mas pasuxismgebloba xelmZRvan-
elobisa (is, vinc axorcielebs fizikurad danaSauls)
da TanamonawileobisTvis ekisreba.~309
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSori-

so sasamarTlos me-7 (3) muxli da yofili ruandis sasa-
marTlos wesdebis me-6 (3) muxli iTvaliswinebs Tana-
monawileTa sxva formebs. saxeldobr, is visac gaaCnia
brZanebis gacemis uflebamosileba, iqneba es samo-
qalaqo Tu samxedro xelmZRvaneli. aRniSnul pirebs
pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT maTdami daqvem-
debarebulebis mier Cadenili danaSaulisTvis, Tu xe-
lmZRvanelebi ver SeZleben am danaSaulTa Tavidan ac-
ilebas an ver dasjian Cadenili danaSaulisTvis.~310
308
Prosecutor v. Kvočka, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, at para. 251,
Case No. IT-98-30/1-T (Nov. 2, 2001) [hereinafter Kvočka Trial Judge-
ment]. citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 102.
309
See Prosecutor v. Kordić, Judgement, ICTY Trial Chamber, at para. 373,
Case No. IT-95-14/2-T (Feb. 26, 2001) (noting “[t]he various forms of par-
ticipation listed in Article 7(1) may be divided between principal perpetrators
and accomplices”). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 102.
310
iqve, gv. 102.
199
pasuxismgeblobis erToblivi miznis gansazRvrisT-
vis, tadiCis saqmis ganmxilveli saapelacio palata
miubrunda CveulebiT saerTaSoriso samarTals, ro-
melic ZiriTadad meore msofli omis Semdeg Seqmnili
samxedro tribunalebis Sedegad Seiqmna. saapelacio
palatam ramdenime msgavseba daadgina im saqmeebs Soris,
romelic ganixila samxedro sasamarTloebma, romelT-
ac brali dasdes pirebs erTobliv gegmaSi Tanamonaw-
ileobisTvis. saapelacio palatam amgvari sasamarTlo
praqtikis ganxilvis Semdeg daadgina, rom `saerTod,
erToblivi miznis cneba moicavs erTobliv pasuxismge-
blobis sam kategorias. pirveli kategoriis mixedviT,
damnaSaveebi moqmedeben saerTo ganzraxvis Sesabamisad
da monawileoben saerTo danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis
ganxorcielebaSi. `pirveli kategoriis~ gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mixedviT, mkvlelobaSi
braldebisTvis, bladebam unda daamtkicos, rom erTo-
bliv gegmaSi Semavali mkvlelobis ganxorcielebaSi
piri nebayoflobiT monawileobda, Tundac mcireodeni
wvlilis SetaniT, erToblivi gegmis ganxorcielebaSi da
braldebuls ganzraxuli hqonda xeli Seewyo mkvlelo-
bisTvis, Tundac mas uSualod ar Caedinos mkvleloba.311
`meore kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv or-

ganizacia exeba `sastiki mopyrobis sistemebs,~312 up-
irveles yovlisa, sakoncentracio banakebSi. am kate-
goriisTvis, savaldebulo araa Tanamonawileebs Soris
formaluri an araformaluri SeTanxmebis damtkiceba,
magram warmoCenili unda iyos represiuli sistemis-
311
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 196 . citirebulia: ix.A. M. Dan-
ner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 105.
312
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 202 . citirebulia: iqve, gv. 105.
200
admi mWidro kavSiri.313 aRniSnul piris braldebisTvis,
aucilebelia represiuli sistemis arsebobis damt-
kiceba; represiuli sistemis ganxorcielebaSi bral-
debulis aqtiuri monawileobis damtkiceba; braldebu-
lis mier sistemis bunebis codna; represiuli sistem-
isTvis xelSewyobis ganzraxva braldebulis mxridan.314
pirveli ori kategoriis mixedviT, gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebs SeiZleba dae-
kisroT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba er-
Toblvi danaSaulebrivi gegmis farglebSi Cadenili
danaSaulisTvis.~315
`rogorc ki damyarda serbebis kontroli priedoris

municipalitetSi, stakiCma daiwyo monawileoba araser-
bi mosaxleobis municipalitetidan gaadgilebis koor-
dinebul kampaniaSi, romelic radoman karaZiCis didi,
serbTa homogenuri saxelwifos Camoyalibebis, gegmis
nawili iyo. am gegmis `kulminacia~, yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo pala-
tis Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, iyo araserbi mosaxleobis
iZuleba sami didi banakis Sesaqmnelad _ omarska (Omasr-
313
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Judgement, ICTY Appeals Chamber, at para. 96,
Case No. IT-97-25-A (Sept. 17, 2003). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and
J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 105.
314
Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Judgement, ICTY Appeals Chamber, at para. 203,
Case No. IT-97-25-A (Sept. 17, 2003). citirebulia: A. M. Danner and
J. S. Martinez, dasax. naSromi, gv. 106.
315
genocidis mcdelobis gamoklebiT, yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos da ruandis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos statutebis
mixedviT mcdeloba danaSauls ar warmoadgens. sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba mcd-
elobas danaSaulad miiCnevs. ICC Statute, supra note 9, at art. 25(3)
(f). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 105-106 (iqve, sqolio 120).
201
ska), keratermi (Keraterm) da trnopolje (Trnopolje).316 sa-
samarTlo palatam daaskvna, samoqalaqo Tanamdebobis
mqone pirebi, romelTac doqtor stakiCis meTaurobda,
didi uflebamosileba gaaCndaT sapatimro banakebis
asaSeneblad, sadac daaxloebiT 3000 musulmani da xor-
vati mokles.317 sxvebi sistematuri da araerTgzisi seq-
sualuri Zaladobis samizneebi iyvnen.318 marTlac, samx-
edro da samoqalaqo Tanamdebobis mqone pirebs Soris
kavSiri imdenad mWidro iyo, rom stakiCi drogamoSve-
biT samxedro uniformas da iaraRs atarebda.~319
`mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-

ganizacia, romelic sakmaod Sors mwvdomia, moicavs
erToblivi gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel danaSaulebs. ta-
diCis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom
im braldebuls, visac ganzraxuli hqonda saerTo geg-
maSi monawileoba, SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba
saerTo gegmiT gauTvaliswinebeli qmedebebisTvis,
Tu igi `Cveulebrivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegis
316
ICTY, Judgement, Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-T, T. Ch., 31
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 378. citirebulia: J. D. Ohlin, The Co-
Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases of
International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 740.
317
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 384. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 740.
318
July 2003, ALC-XIV-xxx, par. 3228. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 740.
319
iqve, gv. 740.
202
gamomwvevia.~320 saapelacio palatam naTeli ar mohfina:
_ winaswarganWvretadobis komponenti subieqturad
unda Sefasdes Tu obieqturad,321 Tumca, subieqturi
winaswarganWvretadobis dadgenis sirTules da maT So-
ris gansxvavebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas, mcire praq-
tikuli daniSnuleba gaaCnia.~322
sainteresoa, rom brJaninis saqmeze saapelacio sa-

samarTlom mTlianad Secvala pirveli instanciis
gadawyvetileba da aRniSna, rom mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia, rogorc
pasuxismgeblobis forma, ar gansxvavdeba pasuxismge-
blobis sxva formebisgan, romlebic ar moiTxoven yov-
lismomcvel ganzraxvis dadgenas danaSaulis Cadenis
mimarT. daxmarebisa da wamqezeblobisTvis, iseve ro-
gorc meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobisas, codnis dadgena
sakmarisia.323 gansasjelebs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba
320
Tadić V, supra note 111, at para. 204. citirebulia: J. D. Ohlin, The
Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated Leading Cases
of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 106.
321
saapelacio palatam gamoiyena garkveulwilad wina-
aRmdegobrivi gamoTqma winaswarganWvretadobis gamokvle-
vis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlom daadgina: ìmis miuxedavad, rom
damnaSaves ar hqonda ganzraxuli arsebiTi Sedegis dadgoma,
icoda, rom jgufis moqmedeba win uswrebda am Sedegs, magram
arasdros ar surda amgvari riskis ganxorcieleba~. amasTan,
palatam aRniSna, rom `jgufSi TiToeuls unda hqondes Sede-
gis winaswarganWvretis SesaZlebloba.~ Tadić V, supra note 111, at
para. 204. citirebulia: A. M. Danner and J. S. Martinez, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 106 (iqve, sqolio 122).
322
iqve, gv. 106.
323
Decision on Interlocutory Appeal, Brđanin (IT-99-36-A), Appeals Chem-
ber, 19 March 2004, § 7 (hereinafter Brđanin 98 bis Dicision). citirebu-
lia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 191.
203
daekisroT genocidisTvis, Tu es es maTi qmedebebidan
bunebrivad gamomdinareobs da winaswarganWvrtadi
Sedegis saxiT gvevlineba. amgvari Sexeduleba gaiziara
sasamarTlo palatam miloSeviCis saqmis ganxilvisas.324
amis miuxedavad, metrauqsi (Mettraux) samarTlianad
miuTiTebs, rom brJaninis saqmeze saapelacio sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebas ar hqonia precedentuli mniSvn-
eloba, romelic gadaWrida Semdeg sakiTxs: SeiZleba Tu
ara mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis genocidisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
safuZveli gaxdes. es kvlav davis sagnad da gadauWrel
problemad rCeba.325
stakiCis saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom Tanaams-

ruleblobis Sesaxeb iuridiul mecnierebasa da sisxlis-
samarTlebriv literaturaze dayrdnobiT gamamtyune-
bel ganaCenSi aRniSna, rom umjobesia Tanaamsrule-
blobisTvis dawesebul pasuxismgeblobas daveyrdnoT,
vidre mivmarToT sasamarTlo procesze warmoSobili
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtri-
nas. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom yofili iugoslaviis
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo palata,
ZiriTadad, daeyrdno germanuli sisxlis samarTlis
Teorias. yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlos mier roqsinisa da fletCeris326
324
Decision on Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, Miloŝević (IT-54-02-T), Trial
Chamber, 16 June 2004, § 291 (hereinafter Miloŝević Decision on Acquittal).
citirebulia: ix. Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 191.
325
G. Mettraux, International Crimes and the ad hoc Tribunals (Oxford:
OUP, 2005), at 265. citirebulia: ix. iqve, gv. 191.
326
imis miuxedavad, rom fletCeri amerikelia, mis mier axle-
burad gaazrebuli sisxlis samarTali (Oxford Univ. Press, New
York 2nd ed. 2000) SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi naSromia, romel-
ic, umeteswilad, eyrdoba germanuli sisxlis samarTlis mod-
els. ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enter-
prise, Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol.
204
naSromebze citireba imas adasturebs, rom sasamarTlo
palata samarTlis axal wyarobs eZebs, romelic tri-
bunalebis farglebs scdeba, radgan gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis problema Tanaamsrule-
blobis formiT gadaWras.327
sainteresoa, rom roqsinis mixedviT, Tanaamsrulebis

roli arsebiTia da Tu igi monawileobas ar miiRebs da-
naSaulis ganxorcielebaSi, danaSauli CaiSleba. amis
gamo, igi savaldebulo figuraa, magram ara sakmarisi
danaSaulis dasrulebisTvis. esaa Tanaamsruleblo-
bis arsi: danaSauli imdenad masStaburia, rom misi das-
ruleba erTpirovnulad arc erT amsrulebels ar Seu-
Zlia.328
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis~ actus rea

(òbieqturi elementebi~) gansazRvrulia Semdegnairad:
1. `1) pirTa simravle. araa savaldebulo maTi organi-

zebuloba samxedro, politikuri Tu administraci-
uli struqturebis mixedviT;
2. 2) erTiani gegmis, monaxazis an miznis arseboba,
romelic gaTvlilia an moicavs statutiT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSaulebis Casadenad. es araa saWiro
im gegmis, monaxazis an miznisTvis, romelic winas-
waraa SeTanxmebuli anda Camoyalibebuli. amgvari
gegma an monaxazi SeiZleba praqtikulad ganxor-
cieldes gauTvaliswinebladac an gamomdinare-
obdes im faqtidan, rom SeTanxmebuli mravlobiTi
aqtebi gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
is Sedegia.
3. bralad wardgenil saerTo gegmaSi monawileoba,
14, 2008, p. 740 (iqve, sqolio 1695).

327
ix. J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Anno-
tated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 740.
328
ix.iqve, gv. 740.
205
romelic statutiT gaTvaliswinebul erT-erT da-
naSauls moicavs. TanamonawileobisTvis savaldeb-
ulo araa iseTi specifikuri danaSaulebis (magali-
Tad, mkvleloba, ganadgureba, wameba, gaupatiureba
da a.S.) ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs am
gegmis ganxorcielebas. sakmarisia am gegmis an miz-
nis gansaxorcieleblad daxmareba an garkveuli wv-
lilis Setana masSi.329
rac Seexeba mens rea-s (`subieqturi elementebi~), saapel-

acio palatam daafiqsira, rom mens rea-s elementebi iyo-
fa saerTo monaxazisadmi damokidebulebis mixedviT.~330
saapelacio palatam daadgina Semdegi:
`pirvel kategoriasTan mimarTebiT ganzraxvis arsebo-
baa saWiro arsebuli danaSaulis Casadenad. meore kat-
egoriis mimarT, sastiki mopyrobis codna, rac imas niS-
navs, rom amgvari mopyroba samomavlodac gagrZeldeba.
mesame kategoriis mimarT, danaSaulSi an samomavlod
gansaxorcielebel danaSaulSi aqtiuri monawileobis
ganzraxvaa saWiro anda jgufis miznis ganxorcielebis
mimarT ganzraxvis arseboba da gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciisTvis xelSewyoba an jgufis
mier Cadenil raime danaSaulis gansaxorcielebel mov-
lenebSi wvlilis Setana. dasasrul, pasuxismgebloba
dadgeba agreTve im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic saer-
To gegmiT ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca: 1) SesaZle-
beli iyo imis winawarganWvreta, rom jgufis romelime
wevri am danaSauls Caidenda da 2) braldebuli misi Cad-
enis risks nebayoflobiT uSvebda.~331
pirveli kategoriis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT saapela-

329
330
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 228. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 92.
331
Tadic Appeals Judgment, at para. 228 (emphasis in original). citire-
206
cio sasamarTlom gamoiyena britaneTis samxedro tri-
bunalis gadawyvetileba georg oto sandrokisa (Georg
Otto Sandrock) da sxvaTa mimarT. saapelacio palatam
aseve gamoikvlia britaneTis sxva gadawyvetileba je-
psenisa (Jepsen) da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg. aqve saapelacio
palatam miuTiTa, rom zogierTi rameebi `metismetad
afarToebs erToblivi miznis cnebas mizezobrivad gan-
pirobebulobis gamo.~ am mxriv, aseve sainteresoa, saa-
pelacio palatis mier Seswavlili aSS samxedro tribu-
nalis gadawyvetileba Eisatzgruppen (germanuli sityvaa
da qarTulad operatiul jgufs niSnavs. SeniSvna Cemia
_ i.d.) saqmeze.332
meore kategoriis saqmeebze saapelacio palatam gaa-

naliza aSS da britaneTis samxedro tribunalebis mier
or saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi. am mxriv, gansa-
kuTrebiT sainteresoa dahaus (Dachau) sakoncentracio
banakis saqme, romelzec gadawyvetileba germaniaSi gama-
rTul procesze aSS sasamarTlom gamoitana da belsenis
(Belsen) saqme, romelzec gadawyvetileba germaniaSi
gamarTul procesze britaneTis samxedro tribunalma
gamoitana. aqve sainteresoa, rom saapelacio palatis
azriT, am kategoriis saqmeebi warmodgenil saqmeebs
ki ara, ufro pirveli kategoriis saqmeebs Seesabameba.
amis gamo, saapelacio palatam daadgina, rom savalde-
bulo actus rea gamoixata arsebul represiul sistemaSi
aqtiuri monawileobiT, rac SeiZleba gamomdinareob-
des kuTvnili uflebamosilebidan da specifikuri fun-
qciebidan. rac Seexeba mens rea elements, igi moicavs 1)
sistemebis bunebis codnas; 2) SemdegSic sastikad mopy-
robis gagrZeleba saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad.333
332
dawvr. ix. Attila Bogdan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 82-84.
333
ix. iqve, gv. 86.
207
mesame kategoriis saqmeebze precedentuli samarTali,
upirveles yovlisa, Seexo brbos mier Cadenil Zala-
dobas, e.i. areul situacias, sadac mravali damnaSave
saerTo mizniT moqmedebs, romelTagan yoveli maTgani
axorcielebs msxverplis winaaRmdeg danaSauls, ma-
gram ver dgindeba an SeuZlebelia Tu romeli danaSau-
lebrivi moqmedeba visi Cadenilia. saapelacio palatam
am kategoriis naTelsayofad ori saqme gaanaliza (erTi
britaneTis samxedro tribunalis da erTi aSS samx-
edro tribunalis gadawyvetilebebidan). es saqmeebi
adgens Semdeg moTxovnebs: 1) danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva
erToblivi gegmaSi; 2) imis winaswarganWvreta, rom er-
Toblivi gegmis monawileni, danaSaulebrivi gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis garda, sxva danaSau-
lebs ganaxorcieleben.334
`saapelacio palatam pirvelad gaanaliza britaneTis

samxedro tribunalis mier gamotanili gadawyvetileba
esenSi linCis wesiT (Essen Linching) gasamarTlebis Ses-
axeb (e.w. esenis dasavleTi).335 am saqmis mixedviT, 1944
wlis 13 dekembers qalaq esenis dasavleTSi britaneli
sami samxedro tyve germanel xalxTa brbom gaasamarT-
la linCis wesiT.336 Svidi piri damnaSaved cnes omis da-
naSaulis CadenisTvis, radgan isini `dainteresebulebi
iyvnen sami samxedro tyves mkvlelobaSi.~337 erT-erTi
braldebulTagani iyo `germaneli kapitani heieri (Hey-
er), romelmac germanel jariskacTa eskortSi ganaTavsa
britaneli mfrinavebi. aRniSnul germanul samxedro
334
335
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207 citing to Trial of Erich Heyer and
six others, British Military Court for the Trial of War Criminals, Essen,
18th–19th and 21st–22nd December, 1945, UNWCC, vol. I, p. 88, at p. 91.
336
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 87.
337
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia:iqve, gv. 87.
208
danayofs evaleboda germanul samxedro-sahaero (Luft-
waffe) nawilSi tyveTa miyvana dasakiTxad.~338
amis Semdeg saapelacio palatam Seafasa aSS sasamarT-

los mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba kurt goebelisa
(Kurt Goebell) da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg (e.w. borkumis kunZu-
lis saqme). faqtebis Sejamebis Semdeg, saapelacio pala-
tam aRniSna, rom aRniSnuli saqmidan aSkarad ar Cans,
braldebulebi monawileobdnen Tu ara `gaerTianebul
danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi.~ Tu daukvirdebiT, sa-
kuTari gadawyvetileba gamarTlebulia brbos mier
Cadenili danaSaulis specifikiT, masSi monawileTa
ganxorcielebul qcevaTa TaviseburebiTa da mtkiceb-
ulebaTa aRmoCenis sirTuliT. mTavari aq is aris, rom
jgufis wevrebs saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad sa-
kuTari wvlili SeaqvT da ukve imis mtkicebas Tu vin ra
moqmedeba Seasrula azri aRar aqvs. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi danaSaulis namdvili wamqezeblebi verasdros
daisjebian.339
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis yve-

la Tanamonawiles Tanabarad miuZRviT brali saerTo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis ganxorciele-
baSi, iseve rogorc im danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic
aRniSnul danaSaulTaTvis bunebrivi da winaswargan-
Wvretadi Sedegebia, saerTo gegmis misaRwevad maTi cva-
lebadi rolis miuxedavad.~340
338
Tadić Appeals Judgment, at para. 207. citirebulia: Attila Bogdan,
339
dawvr. ix. iqve, gv. 87.
340
Tadic Appeal Judgment, para. 227, 228. (emphasis added) para. 203.
amis miuxedavad, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni SeiZleba Seicvalos
TanamonawileTa rolis Sesabamisad. citirebulia: Verena
Haan, The Development of the Concept of Joint Criminal Enterprise at
the International Criminal Tribunal for the FormerYugoslavia, Interna-
tional Criminal Law Review 5: 167–201, 2005, Koninklijke Brill NV.
209
`yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos saapelacio palata gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefcias miiCnevs
TviT mravali saerTaSoriso danaSaulebiT garantire-
buli pasuxismgeblobis formad, romlebic, rogorc
wesi, omis dros xorcieldeba.~341
`Tumca, dawvrilebiTi analizis Semdeg gaerTianebuli

danaSaulebrivi organizaciis gonivruli axsna da kon-
ceptualuri idea fokusirdeba Taviseburi saxis Sem-
Txvevaze, romelic sakmaod gansxvavdeba yofili iugo-
slaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo
procesebamde arsebulisgan. aseTi Seusabamoba, erTi
mxriv, iwvevs SeuTanxmebolobas gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis Teoriul gansazRvrebaTa
Soris da meore mxriv, koncefciis meTodTa mimarT,
romlebic gamoyenebuli iyos sasamarTlo ganxilvebi-
sas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac gansasjeli mxolod
arapirdapir iyo dakavSrebuli danaSaulis ganxor-
cielebasTan.~ 342
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis kon-

ceptualuri idea, Tu ratom SeiZleba daekisros erTi
piris moqmedebisTvis sxvas pasuxismgebloba, damyare-
bulia erT subieqtur da erT obieqtur elementze:
subieqturi elementia is, rom arsebobs SeTanxmeba da
saerTo ganzraxva saerTo gegmis Sesabamisad moqmedebis
Sesaxeb, romlis mizania (anu romelic gulisxmobs) da-
naSaulTa ganxorcielebas; obieqturi elementi ki, gu-
lisxmobs braldebulTa Tanamonawileobas gegmaSi.~343
`Tumca mTliani aqcenti subieqtur elementze, pir-
Printed in the Netherlands, 2005, pp. 169-170 (iqve, sqolio, me-6).
341
Tadic Appeal Judgment, para. 191. citirebulia: Verena Haan,
342
iqve, gv. 194.
343
iqve, gv. 195.
210
Ta urTierTgagebazea gadatanili. vinaidan Tana-
monawileebs ganzraxuli aqvT gaerTianebis miznebs
erTad miaRwion da yovel maTgans surs, rom sxva Tana-
monawileebma wvlili Seitanon saerTo miznis ganxor-
cielebaSi. yoveli maTgani Tanabari xarisxiTaa pasux-
ismgebeli, maTi cvalebadi rolebis miuxedavad.~344 195
àrc general krstiCis (Krstic) da arc im municipalite-
tis liderebis mioner stakiCis (Miomir Stakic) da blagoJe
simiCis (Blagoje Simic) mimarT gamotanili gamamtyunebe-
li ganaCeni ar emyareba faqts, rom isini gaurigdnen mr-
valricxovan uSualo amsruleblebs da gaiziares maTi
saerTo ganzraxva. ufro metic, isini damnaSaved iqnen
cnobilni imisTvis, rom maT xelisuflebis organoSi
ekavaT Tanamdebobebi, rac maT saSualebas aZlevdaT,
_ Tanabari donis Tanamdebobebze moqmed pirebTan er-
Tad, _ gaecaT brZaneba saWiro danaSaulis Sesaxeb an sa-
samarTlo, politikuri an sxva struqturis uzrunvel-
sayofad, romlis meSveobiTac uSualo amsruleblebs
saSualeba hqondaT emoqmedaT totaluri ukanonobis
mdgomareobaSi.~345
`mxolod stakiCis sasamarTlo procesze gamaxvilda am

problemaze yuradReba: àmgvar situaciaSi, gansxvaveb-
uli ganzraxvis dadgenis moTxovna orive gansasjelisa
da moqmed pirTa mier ganxorcielebuli yoveli calkeu-
li moqmedebis mimarT, gamoiwvevda meTaurTa daumsax-
urebel dacvas da SeewinaaRmdegeboda saerTaSoriso
tribunalis arss, gons da mizans.~346
344
Verena Haan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 195.
345
ixileT, magaliTad, Krstic Trial Judgment, para. 338, 607, 608,
615. Simic Trial Judgment, para. 991, 992; Stakic Trial Judgment, para.
590, 818. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 196.
346
Stakic Trial Judgment, para. 742. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 196-197.
211
`meore mizezi, ris gamoc gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis cneba problematuria isaa, rom
sxvadasxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebisa da gadawyvetile-
bebSi sakmaod farTodaa igi ganmartebuli. gansa-
kuTrebiT es unda iTqvas meore da mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb,
rogorc es gansazRvrulia brjaninis saqmeze, dadgeni-
li wesiT, saapelacio sasamarTlos 89bis gadawyvetile-
baSi, rac scildeba yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samar-
Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebiT dadgenil
farglebs.~347
bogdani miuTiTebs ramdenime mizezs Tu, ratom dair-

Rva tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palatis mier miRe-
bul gadawyvetilebaSi individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis principi: 1) `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia~ araa gamyarebuli saerTaSoriso Cveule-
biTi samarTliT; 2) `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizacia~ mWidro kavSirSia aSS ganviTarebul
SeTqmulebis formulasTan; 3) `gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis,~ rogorc pasuxismgeblobis
formis, gamoyeneba iugoslaviis tribunalis mier ar-
Rvevs kanonierebis princips.348
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pasux-

ismgeblobis mniSvnelovani axsnaa is, rom danaSau-
lis sistematurad (systemcriminality) ganxorcielebis
konteqstSi, liderebis danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba,
umeteswilad, daSorebulia danaSaulis fizikurad
ganxorcielebisgan, maSin rodesac zogjer, rogorc
fiqroben, ukidures SemTxvevaSi Tanabari Tu ara
ufro meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT amsruleblebT-
347
Verena Haan, dasax. naSromi, gv. 197.
348
dawvr. ix. Attila Bogdan, iqve, gv. 109-120.
212
an SedarebiT igive danaSaulTaTvis. amgvar daskvnas
amyarebs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
isTvis pasuxismgeblobis Semdegi principebi, romlebic
saapelacio palatam Camoayaliba:
1. garkveul SemTxvevebSi, danaSaulebrivi gegmis Sed-
gena da moqmedeba, Seesabameba TanaamsruleblebTan
individualur pasuxismgeblobas, rodesac isini
fizikurad ar axorcieleben danaSauls;
2. piri damnaSavea gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis formis, sa-
SualebiT Cadenili danaSaulis CadenaSi da es gaT-
valiswinebulia wesdebis me-7(1) muxliT. amasTan,
igi Tanaamsrulebelia, imis miuxedavad, Tu ra gansa-
kuTrebuli roli Seasrula danaSaulis materialu-
rad, fizikurad ganxorcielebaSi;
3. savaldebulo araa braldebuli fizikurad
monawileobdes, romelime danaSaulis CadenaSi an,
ufro metic, arsebiTad xels uwyobdes mis ganxor-
cielebas. savaldebuloa saerTo gegmis an miznis
ganxorcielebisTvis mxolod ramenairad xelSewyo-
ba im danaSaulTavis, romelic bralad eracxebaT;
4. savaldebulo araa braldebuli eswrebodes dana-
Saulis ganxorcielebas, raTa mas waredginos brali
danaSaulis CadenisTvis, rogorc gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrs;
5. gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
yoveli wevri Tanabradaa damnaSave gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis meSveobiT Cadenili
danaSaulebisTvis;
6. ganaCenis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrTa mimarT gamotanili gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeniT dadgenili sasjelis vada savalde-
bulo araa damokidebuli iyos danaSaulis fizikur
213
ganxorcielebaSi Sesrulebul rolze da SeiZleba
iyos SemTxvevebi, rodesac gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevri araa amsrulebelTa So-
ris, Tumca amsruleblebTan SedarebiT imsaxureb-
des ufro mkacr ganaCens, danaSaulebriv gegmaSi
anda gegmis xelSewyobisTvis Cadenil danaSaulebSi
monawileobis bunebisa da moculobis gamo.~349
`warmodgeneli principepidan, mizanSewonilia, davas-

kvnaT, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisT-
vis aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis amsrulebelTa da Tanaam-
srulebelTa Soris gansxvavebis dadgenas. vasileviCis
saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle Sahabudenis (Shahabud-
den) sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT:
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis TiToeu-

li monawile ar moqmedebs, rogorc sxvisi agenti, yov-
el SemTxvevaSi, sityvis Cveulebrivi gagebiT. yvela
monawile moqmedebs erToblivad SeTanxmebuli Sedegis
misaRwevad. erTad moqmedebisas, isini marTlac moq-
medeben rogorc erTpirovnuli amsrulebeli. amis gamo,
yoveli maTganis moqmedeba aris yvelas moqmedeba.350~
`stakiCis saqmis saapelacio wesiT ganxilvis mixed-

viT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pa-
suxismgeblobis gamosayeneblad unda dadgindes Sem-
degi elementebi: a) iseTi danaSaulebi ganxorcielda,
romelic saerTo mizniT ar iyo moculi; b) es dana-
Saulebi saerTo miznis ganxorcielebis bunebrivi da
winaswagaWvretadi Sedegia da g) gaerTianebuli dana-
349
Katrina Gustafson, dasax. naSromi, gv. 145-146.
350
mosamarTle Sahabudenisgan gansxvavebuli da sawinaaRm-
dego azri, ix. Vasiljević, supra note 14, at § 31 (not dissenting on this
point). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 146 (iqve, sqolio 44).
214
Saulebrivi organizaciis wevrebma icodnen, rom saer-
To miznis aRsrulebas SeeZlo gamoewvia es danaSaule-
bi, amis miuxedavad, isini mainc ganagrZobdnen saerTo
miznis xelSewyobas.~351
`Tu erT mSvenier dRes, braldebis mxare warmatebas mi-

aRwevs `danaSaulis konkretuli miznisTvis~ msjavrde-
bisas, mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis meSveobiT, es Secvlis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtrinas, raTa igi gad-
aiqces òRond yvela damnaSaved scaniT~ qolgad.~352
`mniSvnelovan danaSaulTa gamoZiebisas, romlebic,

rogorc amtkiceben, Cadenialia maRalCinosani samx-
edro an politikuri Tanamdebobis mqone damnaSaveTa
mier, aucilebelia dadgindes:
1. ramdenime piris arseboba;

2. saerTo miznis da/an gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis arseboba;
3. danaSaulebriv organizacias unda gaaCndes saerTo
danaSaulebrivi gegma;
4. braldebulTa monawileoba gaerTianebul danaSau-
lebriv organizaciaSi;
5. braldebulebi unda asrulebdnen konkretul rols
351
Stakić Appeals judgment, para. 87 (capital letters are in original).
citirebulia: Mohamed Elewara Badar, dasax. naSromi, gv. 300.
352
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organi-
zaciis alternativad termini òRond yvela damnaSaved
scaniT~ (just convict everyone) pirvelad gamoiyena profesorma
uiliam Sabasma me-5 yovelwliur `sisxlis samarTlis saer-
TaSoriso sasamarTlo _ sazafxuli kursebze~ Catarebuli
leqciis dros,Galway, 2005. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 302 (iqve,
sqolio 47).
215
organizaciaSi;
6. braldebulTa danaSaulebrivi organizaciaSi mo-
nawileobis ganzraxva;
7. danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mizani;
8. Cadenil danaSaulTa danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuloba.~353
§ 5. winawarganWvretadobis problema
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis doqtrin-

is erT-erTi umTavresi nakli winaswarganWvretadobis
arasrulyofili damuSavebaa. tadiCis saqmeze saapela-
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis pirvel nawilSi mi-
TiTebulia, rom gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis wevrebs maSinac daekisrebaT sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, Tu danaSaulebrivi qmedebe-
bi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxmebuli. erTaderTi SezRudva
isaa, rom sxvisi qmedebisTvis pasuxismgebloba mxolod
maSinaa dasaSvebi, Tu es winaswarganWvretadi iyo. sxva
sityvebiT, rom iTqvas, Tu gaerTianebis wevrTa mier
Cadenili SeTanxmebeli moqmedebebi obieqturad winas-
warganWvretadi iyo, maSin gaerTianebis sxva wevrebsac
SeiZleba bralad SeeracxoT danaSaulis Cadena. avto-
ris azriT, Tanabarzomieri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba unda SeizRudos gegmis mixedviT Camoya-
libebuli qmedebebiT, rac imas niSnavs, rom SeuTanx-
mebeli winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulebisTvis ufro
lmobieri pasuxismgebloba unda dawesdes.354
353
Nicola Piachente, Importence of the Joint Criminal Enterprice Doc-
trine For the ICTY Prosecutorial Policy, Journal of International Criminal
Justice 2 (2004), 446-454, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 4.
354
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 81.
216
`danaSaulebrivi gegma, romelTa gamo sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devna ganxorcielda, umetes SemTxvevaSi, ori
moxerxebuli da mtkivneuli scenariT warimarTeba: da-
naSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis wevrebi axocieleben winas-
war gamiznul obieqtze Tavdasxmas, magram erT-erTi
jariskaci axorcielebs pirveladi gegmiT gauTval-
iswinebel danaSaulebriv qmedebas.355 es SeiZleba ganx-
orcildes oridan erT-erTi gziT: jariskacebi axor-
cieleben taqtikas, rac gegmiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli,
rogoricaa wameba an gaupatiureba, an jariskacebi sa-
kuTar iniciativiT afarToeben gegmis farglebs irCev-
en axal samiznes, rogoricaa axali sofeli an Senoba.
amgvar situaciebSi, tadiCis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT,
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mixedviT,
yvela wevrisTvis Tanabari sasjelia gaTvaliswinebuli
winaswarganWvretadi danaSaulisTvis.~356
355
àmgvar situaciebSi, meTaurebsac SeiZleba daekis-
roT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba brZanebis
gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobis TeoriiT, rac sistem-
atizeulia sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los romis wesdebis 28-e muxlSi. es aSS iuridiul sfer-
oSi aseve cnobilia iamaSitas (Yamashita) principiT. imis
miuxedava, rom brZanebis gacemisTvis pasuxismgeblobam
da odg-m SeiZleba msgavs Sedegebamde _ gamamtyune-
bel ganaCenamde _ migviyvanos, isini gansxvavebuli
doqtrinebi arian. isini urTierTdakavSirebulni arian
imdenad, ramdenadac orive doqtrina sxvis mier Cad-
enili qmedebebisTvis pasuxismgeblobis (vicarious li-
ability) dakisrebis saSualebas iZleva.~citirebulia:
Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 82 (amasTan, sqolio 22-e).
356
iqve, gv. 82.
217
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mesame kategoriis gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizacia moicavs erToblivi
gegmiT gauTvaliswinebel danaSaulebs. pirs visac gan-
zraxuli hqonda saerTo gegmaSi monawileoba, SeiZleba
daekisros pasuxismgebloba saerTo gegmiT gauTval-
iswinebeli qmedebebisTvis, Tu igi `Cveulebrivi da
winaswarganWvretadi Sedegis gamomwvevia.~ yvelaze
gaurkveveli winaswarganWvretadobis komponentTan
isaa, rom igi subieqturad unda Sefasdes Tu obieq-
turad naTeli araa.
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Sesaxeb

yvelaze did uTanxmoebas iwvevs is, rom SeiZleba Tu ara
misi gafarToebuli forma gamoviyenoT iseTi special-
uri ganzraxi danaSaulis mimarT, rogoricaa genocidi.
SeiZleba Tu ara mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis Tanamonawiles daekisros
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba genocidis Ca-
denisTvis, rodesac genocidi ganxorcielda, rogorc
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis bune-
brivi da winaswarganWvretadi Sedegi? esaa mens reas-s
problema. Tuki genocidi moiTxovs dolus specials, e.i.
erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi an religiuri jgufis
mTlianad an nawilobriv mosaspobad ganzraxvis dadge-
nas, mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia moiTxovs eventualur ganzraxvas an Tvi-
Timedovnebas (dolus eventualis/advertent recklessness), ro-
melic windaxedulobis testad gamoiyeneba. rodesac
sasamarTlo palatam krstiCi (Krstić) mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis Tana-
monawiled scno, sasamarTlo palatam Secvala genoci-
dis moTxovna umaRlesi xarisxis ganzraxvis, dolus specia-
lis Sesaxeb da igi dabali xarisxis ganxraxviT, dolus even-
tualis-iT Secvala. Cans, rom es bundovani ganmartebaa.~357
357
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 190-191.
218
winaswarganWvretadoba, romelic mesame kategoriis
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis subieq-
tur SemadgenlobaSia mocemuli, aSkarad ver eTanxmeba
ganzraxvis da Tanamonawileebis cnebas, vinaidan Tu
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevrebi
gazrax saerTo gegmis mixedviT monawileoben, maSin mis
wevrebs pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba daekisroT mxolod
maTi saerTo ganzraxviT moculi danaSaulebisTvis
da winaswarganWvretadi SedegebisTvis. winaswargan-
Wvretadoba ufro obieqtur Seracxvas emsgavseba,
radgan aq mosamarTlis varaudzea agebuli msjeloba:
SeeZlo Tu ara saSualo SesaZleblobis adamians SeTanx-
mebuli ganzraxi danaSaulebis Tanmdevi danaSaulebis
ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba daeSva.
§ 6. gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia sis-

xlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis
wesdebis mixedviT
`Sida kanonmdeblobebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac damna-

Savis tradiciuli gamoxatuleba amsrulebelia, vinc
sasxlets TiTs gamokravs, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samar-
TalSi sanimuSo damnaSavea is, vinc brZanebas gascems,
organizebas uwevs an maRal doneze monawileobas iRebs
gegmis SedgenaSi.358 amis gamo, meorexarisxovani pasux-
ismgebloba SedarebiT did rols TamaSobs saerTaSor-
358
aseT pirebad xSirad moixseniebian ìsini, visac ekis-
rebaT yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba~ saerTaSoriso
danaSaulebisTvis (ix., magaliTad, sierra leonis spe-
cialuri sasamarTlos wesdebis 1-li muxli), an ìsini,
vinc saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis CadenaSi eWvmitanil-
ni mniSvnelovani meTaurebia arian~ (uSiSroebis sabWos
rezolucia 1534 (2004). citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan
Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv.304
(iqve, sqolio 1).
219
iso sisxlis samarTalSi.~359
olaini miuTiTebs, rom sisxlis samarTlis saerTa-

Soriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis miRebamde tadi-
Cis saqmeSi yvelaze kompleqsuradaa gaanalizebuli
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia. sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba
gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis analizis
pirveli direqtivaa. samwuxaroa, rom sisxlis samarT-
lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdeba mraval
adgilas imeorebs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTliT aRi-
arebuli omis danaSauli precedentul samarTalSi
unda veZeboTo, imis magivrad, rom axlidan gansazRv-
ros es ukanaskneli. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos romis saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
sasamarTlos wesdebis 25-e muxli bundovania. avtori
aRniSnul doqtrinasTana mimarTebiT sam problemas
ganixilavs: 1) ganzraxvis araadekvaturi interpreta-
cia da ra xarisxis ganzraxvaa saWiro gaerTianebaSi da-
naSaulebrivi wvlilis Setanisas; 2) damabneveli pasux-
ismgeblobis daweseba pirisTvis TanamzraxvelTa `wi-
naswarganWvretadi~ qmedebisTvis da 3) pasuxismgeblo-
bis ZiriTadi principis darRveva, romelic gulisxmo-
bis pirisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dawesebas mxolod sakuTari bralisTvis.360
359
See William Schabas, ‘Enforcing Individual Criminal Responsibility in
International Criminal Law: Prosecuting the Accomplices’ (2001) 843 Inter-
national Review of the Red Cross 439. Equally, as we will see, some forms of
liability in international criminal. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarT-
li SesaZleblobas iZleva is pirebi, vinc tradiciulad
Tanamonawileebad miiCnevian amsruleblebis Tanabrad
iyvnen ganxilulni. citirebulia: Robert Cryer, Håkan Friman,
Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naSromi, gv. 304 (iqve,
sqolio 2).
360
220
yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSor-
iso sasamarTlos wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli omis
danaSauli, adamianurobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli da-
naSauli da genocidi, xSir SemTxvevebSi, Cadenilia
koleqtiurad: _ brigadebis, moxaliseTa gaerTianebis
an armiebis mier. istoriuli faqtebis analizi saSuale-
bas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom genoci xorcieldeba maSin,
rodesac erTi eTnikuri jgufi meores gamanadgure-
beli omiT emuqreba.361 amis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso
tribunalebs ar SeuZliaT pasuxismgebloba daakisron
mTel eTnikur jgufs. Tundac swori iyos is faqti, rom
mTel germanel ers surda ebraeli eris ganadgureba,
saerTaSoriso tribunalebs ar SeeZloT mTliani ger-
maneli erisTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis dakisreba. es warmoSobs urTules sakiTxs, Tu
rogor unda agon pasuxi pirebma iseTi danaSaulisTvis,
rogoricaa genocidi, rasac koleqtiurobis aspeqti
axlavs Tan. danaSaulis koleqtiuri bunebidan gamom-
dinare, amgvar kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas aucilebelia
meti konkretuloba, romelsac adgili aqvs samxedro
meTaurTa, brigadebis, moxaliseTa da brbos konspir-
361
For a discussion of genocide, see R. Lemkin, ‘Genocide as a Crime under
International Law’, 41 American Journal of International Law (1947) 145-
151. I have argued elsewehere that genocide is necessarily collective: it is the
attempt by one ethnic group to destroy another. While a single individual may
commit a murder with the intent to destroy another athnc group, it should not
fall under the category of genocide until there is some desire by the ethnic
group as a whole to wipe out their victims. See G.P. Fletcher and J.D Ohlin,
‘Reclaiming Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law in the Darfur Case’,
3 Journal of Intrenational Criminal Justice (2005), at 546. However, this
view departs significantly from the Rome Statute’s treatment of the crime of
genocide, which does not require this collective aspect. citirebulia:
ix. Jens David Ohlin, Three Conceptual Problems with the Doctrine of Joint
90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 73.
221
aciuli SeTanxmebis saxiT. amgvar gaerTienebebs mWidro
kavSiri aqvT aRniSnul danaSaulebTan, ris gamoc, maTi
individualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuximgeblo-
bac problematuri ar aris.362
marTali iyo tadiCis sasamarTloze is, rom xazi gaesva

genocidis koleqtiur bunebas, magram es jer kidev imas
ar niSnavs, rom amiT Cven SegviZlia mcire dajgufebaTa
pasuxismgebloba yvelaze gavrceldes. am ukanasknelis
wevrebidan pasuxi unda agon mxolod maT, vinc niSan-
doblivad Tanamonawileobdnen genocidis ganxor-
cielebaSi.363

sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxli miuTiTebs koleq-
tiuri pasuxismgeblobis saxeebze, rac gamoixateba
dagegmvas, waqezebasa da daxmarebaSi. Tumca aqve sakiTx-
avia: rogori erToblivi moqmedebaa danaSaulebrivi yo-
fili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlos wesdebiT. sasamarTlos ar hqonda arc erTi
argumenti, romelic daasabuTebda, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia Cadebuli iyo yofili iu-
goslaviis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los wesdebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom yofili iugosla-
viis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
wesdeba zRvardadebuli dokumentia, ganzrax datova
sxvadasxva iuridiuli doqtrinebis detalebisTvis ad-
gili, raTa srulyofili saxe mieca tribunalisTvis,
udavoa, rom yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) muxlSi mx-
olod waqezebaze da daxmarebazea saubari da adgili ar
362
363
ix. iqve, gv.74.
222
dautovebia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciisTvis.364

wesdebis me-25 (d) analizi sifrTxiles moiTxovs. `sa-
zogadoebis umravlesobam SeiZleba garkveuli wvlili
Seitanos danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saqmianobaSi,
imis miuxedavad, rom dadebiTad ar ekidebian maT saqmi-
anobas. vaWarma SeiZleba mihyidos damnaSaveebs saWmeli,
sasmeli da tansacmeli, benzini, manqanebi da SeakeTon
maTi satransporto saSualebebi, miaqiraon adgili, bina
da saxli. ueWvelia, rom amgvari xelSewyobis gareSe da-
naSaulebrivi saqmianoba ver ganxorcieldeba. ufro
metic, amgvari saqmianoba SeiZleba kargad iqnes Ses-
rulebuli, Tundac Semsrulebelma icodes dajgufebis
danaSaulebrivi miznebi. Tumca amgvari sagnebi, upirve-
les yovlisa, iseTi samomxmareblo sagnebi, rolebic
Tavisuflad iyideba bazarze (sxva saqmea cecxlsasro-
li iaraRis an asafeTqebeli saSualebebis miyidva). Tu
erTi vaWri ar miyides aRniSnul nivTebs, maSin sxva mi-
yidis. gamodis, rom vinaidan vaWarma es `ganzrax~ gaakeTa
da ìcoda jgufis danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva~, wesdebis
azriT, mas sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxisgebloba unda
daekisros. gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
doqtrinis amgvari gancxadeba sakanonmdeblo eSmakobis
seriozuli magaliTia. iyo Tu ara amgvari ram, wesdebis
SemqmnelTa mier ganzrax Cadebuli naTeli araa. Tumca,
udavoa, rom es windaxedulobis gamoa gakeTebuli.~365
`damaintrigebeli problema warmoiSoba gaerTianeuli

danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefciasTan dakav-
364
69-90, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 75.
365
ix. iqve, gv. 79.
223
SirebiT, rogorc es gansazRvrulia sisxlis samarT-
lis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25-e
muxlSi, sadac miTiTebulia `sasamarTlos gansajobaSi
Semaval danaSaulebze~. amgvari formulirebaa wesde-
bis me-5 muxlis dasaTaurebaSi, romelic miuTiTebs
oTx danaSaulze, maT Soris, agresiaze. SeiZleba Tu
ara pirebs waeyenoT brali TanamonawileTa mier Cade-
nili omis danaSaulebisTvis, romlebic gaerTianeuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis farglebSi agresiis
ganxorcielebis nawilia da is gagrZelebas warmoad-
gens? me-5(2) muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia
gaavrcelos Tavisi iurisdiqcia agresiaze vidre ar-
sebiTi garemoebebi sruliad ar ganxorcieldeba. Tum-
ca, omis danaSaulebis, _ romelic gaerTianeuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis mier gansaxorcielebeli
agresiis nawilia, _ ganxorcielebisTvis pirTa mimarT,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sawarmoeblad, sasamarT-
los gansjadoba ar gavrceldeba agresiaze. es gamom-
dinareobs iqedan, rom 25(3) (b) (i)-e muxlSi mocemuli
fraza `sasamarTlos gansjadi danaSaulebi~, moiTxovs
agresiis, rom danaSaulebi ganvixiloT gaerTianeuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciasTan mimarTebiT, romelic
Seqmnilia wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danarCeni sami
danaSaulis Casadenad, romlebzec iurisdiqciis gavr-
celebisas bralmdebels SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom `me
ar maqvs uflebamosileba kanonierebis argumentebze
dayrdnobiT gamoviyeno Zalaufleba agresiis danaSau-
lisgan gansxvavebulad.~366 es araa srulyofili.~367
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis buneba mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, Tu
366
‘Letter of Prosecutor dated 9 February 2006’ (Iraq), p. 3. citirebulia:
William A. Shabas, dasax. naSromi, gv. 218.
367
iqve, gv. 218.
224
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacias ganvixi-
lavT, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis ZiriTad formas, ma-
Sin organizaciaSi Tanamonawileni SeiZleba iyvnen mis
gareT mdgomi damxmare da wamqezebeli.368 Tu es aris
nawarmoebi pasuxismgebloba, maSin isini ar iqnebian.
amasTan, samarTliani saxelwodebis micemis principi-
dan gamomdinare, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciisTvis pasuxismgeblobis yovlismomcveli bune-
ba, rogorc `ganxorcieleba~, Tavs uyris braleulobis
sakmaod gansxvavebul doneebs, rac ver gamoxatavs maT
Soris gansxvavebas, vinc arian ZiriTadi Tanaamsrule-
blebi, magram umniSvnelo dayofaa maT saqmianobebs So-
ris da vinc, ufro ufro axlos arian damxmareebsa da
wamqezeblebTan, vidre ZiriTad amsruleblebTan. es is
gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevaa, rodesac danaSaulis ganx-
orcielebisas TiToeulis rolis miuxedavad, orga-
nizaciis yvela Tanamonawile erTi da igive danaSaulis
CadenisTvis arian damnaSaveni.~369

wesdebis miRebamde tadiCis saqmeSi yvelaze kompleq-
suradaa gaanalizebuli gaerTianeuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sa-
samarTlos romis wesdeba gaerTianeuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis analizis pirveli direqtivaa. samwux-
aroa, rom sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
368
Ojanić para. 20; Kvočka Appeal paras. 79-80. citirebulia: Robert
Cryer, Håkan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wolmshurst, dasax. naS-
romi, gv. 308.
369
Blagojević and Jokić ICTY T. Ch. 17.1.2005 para. 702, reffering inter alia
to Vasiljević Appeal para. 111. citirebulia: iqve, gv.308.
225
los romis wesdeba mraval adgilas imeorebs, rom saer-
TaSoriso samarTliT aRiarebuli omis danaSauli prec-
edentul samarTalSi unda veZeboTo, imis magivrad, rom
axlidan gansaRvros es ukanaskneli. sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 25-e muxli
bundovania. olaini aRniSnul doqtrinasTana mimarTe-
biT sam problemas ganixilavs: 1) ganzraxvis araadekva-
turi interpretacia da ra xarisxis ganzraxvaa saWiro
gaerTianebaSi danaSaulebrivi wvlilis Setanisas;
2) damabneveli pasuxismgeblobis daweseba pirisTvis
TanamzraxvelTa `winaswarganWvretadi~ qmedebisTvis
da 3) pasuxismgeblobis ZiriTadi principis darRveva,
romelic gulisxmobis pirisTvis sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis dawesebas mxolod sakuTari bral-
isTvis.370
`rac Seexeba II kategoriis gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv

organizacias, aq situacia araa naTeli da am kategoriis
gagebazea damokidebuli. II kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT
Tanaamsruleblobad yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
muxlis an saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarT-
los wesdebis 25(3)(a)-e muxlis mixedviT. amis miuxeda-
vad, II kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia (farTo gagebiT) da III kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia sturqturulad SeiZleba
davaxarisxoT, rogorc danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis
daxmarebis an waqezebis formebad, romlebic uSualod
370
226
araa asaxuli yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdebis me-7(1) da sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis
25(3)-e muxlebSi. am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, II da
III kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia SeiZleba moviazroT `sxvagvarad daxmarebis da
waqezebis~ formulaSi, Tuki Cven `sxvagvars~371 ganvmar-
tavT, rogorc danaSaulis koleqtiurad ganxorciele-
baSi nebismier Tanamonawileobas. daxmareba da waqezeba,
rogorc es gagebulia yofili iugoslaviis sisxlis
muxlsa da sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarT-
los romis wesdebis 25(3)(c)-e muxlSi, gansxvavdeba II da III
kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-
ciis mens reas-sgan. es ukanaskneli, sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos romis wesdebis 30-e muxlis
mixedviT, moiTxovs, erTi mxriv, codnas372 da ganzrax-
vas, meore mxriv, qmedebas, romelic `danaSaulisTvis
xelSewyobis mizniTaa ganxorcielebuli.~ gamodis rom,
erTaderT formad, romelic Seesabameba II da III kat-
egoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacias,
aris sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
romis wesdebis 25(3)(d)-e muxlSi mocemuli koleqtiuri
pasuxismgebloba.~373
371
Contrary to the ‘Ojdanić Dicision’, supra note 4, § 19 the term ‘otherwise’
does not suggest that the modes of liability set out in Art. 7(1) are not exhaus-
tive; correctly Powles, supra note 62, at 611. citirebulia: Kai Ambos,
372
See also Powles, supra note 62, at 612-613 seeing an incompatibility of
aiding and abetting and JCE III. citirebulia: iqve, gv.172.
373
227
ambosi SeuZleblad miiCnevs erTdroulad codnisa da
winawarganWvretadobis arsebobas. braldebulma an
icis, rom Sedegi dadgeba, an winaswarganWvrets, rom
Sedegi dadgeba. orive erTdroulad logikurad Seu-
Zlebelia. codna ganzraxi danaSaulebisTvisaa tipiuri
(ix. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos ro-
mis wesdebis 30-e muxli), rodesac winawarganWvretado-
ba ekuTvnis moZRvrebas TviTimedovnebis (recklessness) an
daudevrobis (negligence) Sesaxeb. erTaderTi gamosavali
am Cixidan isaa, rom winawarganWvretadoba ganvixiloT
obieqtur moTxovnad (gonieri adamianis standar-
tis gagebiT) da codna unda darCes pasuxismgeblobis
(erTaderTi) subieqturi anu inteleqtualuri etalo-
ni.374 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom III kategoriis gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mTeli arsi gamoixateba
SemdegSi: Tanamonawilem unda icodes, rom gansaxilve-
li danaSaulebi, Cveulebisamebr, xorcieldeba am gaer-
TianebaSi.375
daskvna
warmodgenili masalis mimoxilva saSualebas iZleva gava-

keToT garkveuli daskvnebi, romelic ufro naTels gax-
dis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis arss.
upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia gaerTianebuli da-

naSaulebrivi organizaciis kompilaciuri, hibriduli
xasiaTi. amgvari xasiTis arseboba bunebrivicaa, radgan
374
This view was indeed taken recently – after having finalized this paper – by
the Krajič nik Trial Judgment, supra note 3, § 882. citirebulia: ix. Kai
Ambos, dasax. naSromi, gv. 175.
375
ix. iqve, gv.174-175.
228
saerTaSoriso doneze sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sis-
temebis TaviseburebaTa Serwyis mcdelobas gverds ver
avuvliT, sul mcire, ori mizezis gamo: pirveli, saer-
TaSoriso sisxlis samarTali yovelTvis sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviTa da kompro-
misiT iqmneba. meore, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
mosamarTleebi sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemebis
gavlenas ganicdian, TavianTi iuridiuli ganaTlebis
gamo, rac sakmaod did gavlenas axdens mosamarTlis
Sinagan rwmenasa da, Sesabamisad, kanonis interpreta-
ciaze. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis bunebaSi wamyvani roli,
mainc saerTo samarTals ekuTvnis. es garkveulwilad
imiTacaa ganpirobebuli, rom gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia anglo-amerikuli samarTlis
sistemis `pirmSoa~. swored amitomaa, rom àdrindeli
da axlandeli sasamarTlo praqtika gviCvenebs Semdegs:
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia eyrd-
noba anglo-amerikul principebs da amgvaradac iqna
gamoyenebuli.~376 iuridiul literaturaSi marTebu-
ladaa miTiTebuli, rom `gaerTianebuli danaSaulebri-
vi organizaciis danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formad
ganxilva romanul-germanuli samarTlis sawyisebis
uaryofas ar niSnavs, vinaidan romanul-germanuli
samarTali ar gamoricxavs Tanaamsruleblobis ganxil-
vas Tanamonawileobis formad. amasTan, gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizacia pasuxismgeblobiT ufro
didi donea, vidre daxmareba da waqezeba.~377 maSasadame,
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pa-
suxismgebloba ganviTarda, rogorc sxvadasxva samar-
376
Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 202.
377
iqve, gv.202.
229
Tlebrivi sistemebidan nasazrdoebi cneba. kerZod,
romanul-germanulma da anglo-amerikulma samarT-
lebrivma sistemebma ganapiroba gaerTianeuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis hibriduloba. Tumca isic unda
aRiniSnos, rom igi ufro saerTo miznis anglo-ameri-
kul doqtrinas mogvagonebs, rasac amtkicebs adrin-
deli da axlandeli precedentuli samarTali.
meore, warmodgenili sakiTxis kvlevisas, erT-erTi um-

Tavresia SekiTxva: mainc ram ganapiroba gaerTianebuli
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis koncefciis ganviTare-
ba? gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis kon-
cefciis ganviTareba ufro pragmatuli mosazrebebiTaa
nakarnaxebi, romelsac safuZvlad mtikicebulebaTa aR-
moCenis sirTule udevs. amgvari mosazreba iuridiul
literaturaSicaa dafiqsirebuli. magaliTad, olaini
miuTiTebs: àlbaT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mizezi sakmaris
mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebis sirTulea, romelic didi da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis sazRvrebSi braleulobis
individualuri garemoebebis SeqmnisTvisaa saWiro.~378
amasTan, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
mTeli arsi isiacaa, rom amgvar dajgufebaSi Semavali
damnaSaveebis saerTo ganzraxvasTan akavSirebs im dam-
naSaveebs, visac fizikurad ar miuRiaT monawileoba
konkretuli danaSaulis ganxorcielebaSi.
mesame, aranakleb mniSvnelovania individualuri, bra-

leuli pasuxismgeblobis da kanonierebis principebTan
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mimarTe-
ba. aSkaraa, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
378
J. D. Ohlin, The Co-Perpetrator Model of Joint Criminal Enterprise, Annotated
Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Vol. 14, 2008, p. 742.
230
nizaciis cneba kritikis sagani, swored am principebT-
an misi mimarTebis gamo gaxda. sworia mosazreba, rom
gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma organizaciam `gaa-
farTova individualuri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebi.
kerZod, meore da mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli dan-
aSaulebrivi organizacia gakritikebuli iyo koleqti-
uri pasuxismgeblobis sazRvrebis gamo, mas Semdeg, rac
Cadenil danaSaulSi faqtiurad Setanil wvlils gad-
aaWarba daniSnulma sasjelma.~379 Cans, rom gaerTianeb-
uli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cnebis SemoRebiT
individualuri pasuxismgeblobis principis parale-
lurad Cndeba koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis principi,
rac individualuri pasuxismgeblobis princips Zirs
uTxris. aRniSnuli principebis darRveva kargad Cans
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis SemTxvevaSi, sadac gadamwyvetia ara konkre-
tuli qmedeba da ganzraxva, aramed sakmaod bundovani
`winaswarganWvretadobis~ cneba. amas emateba isic, rom
gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mTavari
`saerTo gegmis~ elementi, zustad ar aris ganmartebu-
li.
kvlevis Sedegad davinaxeT, rom `meore kategoriis

gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan, maSin
gvaqvs saqme, rodesac danaSaulebi Cadenilia sastiki
mopyrobis iseT sistemaSi, rogoricaa patimarTa banake-
bi. tadiCis saqmeze saapelacio palata Tvlida, rom ac-
tus rea, sastiki mopyrobis sistemaSi ganxorcielebul
iZulebiT moqmedebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba, gamomdin-
379
231
areobs banakis xelmZRvanelobis Tanamdebobidan.380 es
sakmaod farTo testia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac
pirs gaazrebuli aqvs mens rea, sastiki mopyrobis Ses-
axeb gaaCnia individualuri codna da SeiZleba dadas-
turdes, rom amis Sesaxeb `xelmZRvaneli Tanamdebobis
mqone braldebulis gonivruli daskvna gaekeTebina~.381
amrigad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba unda
damyarebuliyo, upirveles yovlisa, pirovnebis mdgo-
mareobaze, romelic arRvevs sisxlis samarTlis iseT
fundamentur princips, rogoricaa maqsima àraviTari
braleuloba kanonis personaluri darRvevis gareSe~.
krnojelakis (Krnojelac) saqmeze sasamarTlo palatam
uari ganacxada meore kategoriis gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis `daskvnis gakeTebis testis~
gamoyenebaze da sanacvlod daeyrdno pirveli kat-
sabaziso moTxovnebs.~382
`mesame kategoriis gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma

organizaciamac igive eWvebi gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT
`gareSemyofTa~ mimarT. daneri da martineci (Danner
and Martinez) amtkiceben, rom gaerTianebuli danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis gafarToebulma formam, e.i.
mesame kategoriis gaerTianebulma danaSaulebrivma
organizaciam, SeiZleba migviyvanos, asociaciis bral-
Tan, vinaidan gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis dabali donis wevrebs SeiZleba daekisroT
380
Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra note 4, § 203. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 188.
381
Ibid, § 228. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv. 188.
382
Judgment, krnojelac (IT-97-25-T), Trial cember I, 15 March 2002, § 78
(hereinafter Krnojelac Judgment). citirebulia: iqve, gv. 188.
232
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba garTianebis
mier Cadenili yvela danaSaulisTvis.383 ozieli (Osiel)
ufro meti kritikulobiT gamoirCeva, vidre daneri da
martineci da SeniSnavs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis
kuTxiT, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaci-
isTvis dawesebuli pasuxismgebloba afarToebs moral-
uri braleulobis sazRvrebs.~384
`gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis pasux-

ismgeblobis SezRudvis uaxlesi mcdeloba Sedga sasa-
marlo palatis mier brJaninis (Brđanin) saqmis ganxilvi-
sas.385 sasamarTlo palatam naTlad miuTiTa, rom gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis pasux-
ismgebloba moiTxovs gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis amsrulebelsa (‘physical/actual perpetrator)
da Tanamonawiles (‘non-physical pepetrator/participant) Soris
SeTanxmebas. amgvari kavSiri zustad unda iyos gansaz-
Rvruli. amasTan SeTanxmeba unda iyos Tanamonawileebs
Sorisac. magaliTad, serbielTa lideroba ver akmayo-
filebs `SeTanxmebis moTxovnas~ gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis pasuxismgeblobisTvis.386
gamodis, rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos rogorc farTo
pasuxismgeblobis Teoriad masStabiani gaerTianebi-
383
Martinez and Danner, supra note 12, at 137. citirebulia: Elies van
384
M.J. Osiel, ‘The banality of Good: Aligning Incentives against Mass Atroc-
ity’, 105 Columbia Law Review (2005) 1751-1862, at 1772. citirebulia:
iqve, gv. 188.
385
See for elaborate account and commentary: K. Gustafson, ‘The requirm-
net of an ‘Express Agreement’ for Join Criminal Enterprise Liability’ in this
Symposium. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 188.
386
Judgment, Brđanin (IT-99-36-T), Trial Chember I, 1 September 2004, §
347 (hereinafter Brđanin Judgment). citirebulia: iqve, gv.188.
233
sTvis, romlisTvisac braldebulebi struqturulad
Sors arian danaSaulis faqtiuri Cadenis adgilidan.
friad gasakviria, rom sasamarTlo palatam miloSeviCis
saqmeze gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv organizaciisa da
meTaurTa pasuxismgeblobis problemaze moiTxova am-
icus curiae daskvnebi.387
maSasadame, gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-

ciis ZiriTadi idea isaa, rom is vinc SeurTdeba danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis erTobas, Tundac maT fizikurad
ar CaedinoT danaSauli, koleqtiurad pasuxismgebelni
arian aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrebis mier Cadenili
danaSaulebisTvis. meore da mesame kategoriis gaer-
Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cneba saerTa-
Soriso sisxlis samarTalSi arc erTi sakanonmdeblo
aqtiT mowesrigebuli ar aris, ris gamoc maTi gamoyene-
ba arRvevs kanonierebis princips.
meoTxe, saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebis mixedviT, gaer-

Tianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis sami katego-
ria gamoiyofa: ZiriTadi, sistematuri da gafarToebu-
li, romelTagan yvelaze sadavo mesame kategoriaa.
mexuTe, aseve ganxilvis sagnad aris qceuli Semdegi

sakiTxi: aris Tu ara TavisTavad gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciis arseboba danaSauli anu
gaurkvevelia gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia danaSaulia Tu pasuxismgeblobis forma. azrTa
sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, aSkaraa, rom gaerTianebu-
li danaSaulebrivi organizacia danaSauli ver iqneba,
387
Order on Amicus Curiae observations proprio motu on the desirability
of submissions on the alternative basis of individual criminal responsibility
alleged in the case and ond the issue of traials in absentia, Miloŝević (IT-02-
54-T), 1 july 2005. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi,
gv. 189.
234
radgan es kanonis analogia iqneboda anu tribunalebs
unda SeetanaT wesdebaSi axali danaSauli, risi ufle-
bac maT ar aqvT. Tumca isic, unda aRiniSnos, rom tri-
bunalebis mier kanonis sakmaod farTo interpreta-
ciam, xSirad eWvqveS daayena kanonierebis principi
da aman safuZveli misca mecnierebs ganecxadebinaT,
rom gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizacia pa-
suxismgeblobis forma ki ara, aramed danaSaulia, ris
gamoc gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
koncefcia mogvagonebs SeTqmulebis kanons. rogorc
ukve aRiniSna, gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizacia, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis forma, pirvelad naTlad iqna formulirebuli
sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis mier braldebul v.
dusko tadiCis saqmeze gamotanil gamamtyunebel gana-
CenSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom gansazRvra mocemuli
formis pasuxismgeblobis elementebi: 1) pirTa simrav-
le; 2) erToblivi gegmis arseboba, romlis daniSnule-
baa an mizania wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis
Cadena; 3) braldebulis monawileoba erTobliv gegmaSi,
riTac xorcieldeba wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebi.388
meeqvse, sainteresoa aseve Tanaamsruleblobisa da

Tanamonawileobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna, romelic
yvelaze dasabuTebuladaa mocemuli germanul doq-
trinaSi, romelic qmedebaze funqcionaluri batono-
bis saxeliTaa cnobili (funktionalle Taterrschaftslehre). `ta-
diCis saqmeze saapelacio palatam gaerTianebuli da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia winaaRmdegobrivad axsna.
erTi mxriv, palatam koncefcia warmogvidgina `ganxor-
cielebis~ dasaTaurebiT da gamijna igi danaSaulSi dax-
388
ix. Mohamed Suma, dasax. naSromi.
235
marebisa da danaSaulis wamqezeblobisgan, romlebic,
umeteswilad, moxseniebuli iyo terminiT danaSaulSi
`Tanamonawileoba~,389 romelic `sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis nakleb xarisxs~ awesebda.390 meore
mxriv, saerTo mizani/gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizacia moixsenia Tanamonawileobis formad.391
saqmes arTulebs isic, rom SemdegSi yofili iugosla-
viis sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos
saapelacio palatam gaerTianebul danaSaulebriv or-
ganizaciaSi TanamonawileobasTan mimarTebiT gamoiy-
ena terminebi àmsrulebeli~ da `Tanaamsrulebloba~.392
`saerTo miznis/gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciis winaaRmdegobrivi buneba romanul-germanuli
da saerTo samarTlis hibriduli memkvidreobidan mom-
dinareobs. Tanaamsrulebloba (co-perpetration) romanul-
germanuli samarTlis cnebaa, romelic danaSaulis Ca-
denasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli piris danaSaulSi
ubralod damxmarisagan gasamijnad gamoiyeneba. am
ukanasknelis mier Setanili wvlilisTvis maqsimalur-
Tan SedarebiT dabali sasjeli iniSneba. damnaSaveTa
amgvari kategorizacia sasamarTlobis mier Seqmnil
precedentul samarTalSi romanul-germanuli samar-
Tlis mixedviT Semovida. piriqiT, gaerTianebuli dana-
Saulebrivi organizacia saerTo samarTlis mixedviT,
TanamonawileobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis formaa. Ta-
naamsruleblobisa da gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis Taobaze amgvari uwisrigobis gamo, es
ori cneba Semdgomi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebsa da
389
In this it relied on the text of Art. 2(3)(c) of the International Convention
for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing, See Tadić Appeal Judgment, supra
note 4, § 221. citirebulia: Elies van Sliedregt, dasax. naSromi, gv.
189.
390
Ibid, § 192. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189.
391
Ibid, § 202. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189.
392
Ibid, § 192. citirebulia: iqve, gv. 189-190.
236
procesebze konkurirebadi axsna-ganmartebis sagnad
iqca.~393
dasasrul, gaerTinebuli danaSaulebrivi organiza-

ciis doqtrinis erT-erTi umTavresi nakli winas-
warganWvretadobis arasrulyofili da bundovani da-
muSavebaa. braldebulebs maSinac SeiZleba daekisroT
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, rodesac
qmedebebi winaswar ar iyo SeTanxmebuli, Tumca SeTanx-
mebuli ganzraxi danaSaulebisTvis Tanmdevi SeuTanx-
mebeli ganzraxi danaSaulebi winaswarganWvretadi
iyo. winaswarganWvredatobis ganzraxvis paralelurad
moazreba, aseve bundovania. kvlevis Sedegad SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom winsaswarganWvretadoba mxolod obi-
eqturi testia, ris gamoc subieqturi Seracxvis prin-
cipi ilaxeba.
393
237
238
meore kari
trefikingis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi,
kriminologiuri da sasamarTlo
praqtikuli analizi
http://soroptimistvista.org/stop_trafficking
guram naWyebia
Tavi I
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

meTodologiuri sakiTxebi
Sesavali
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) meTodologiuri

sakiTxebi, samwuxarod, saTanadod araa Seswavlili. am-
denad, Cven vcdilobT, mokled mainc ganvixiloT am dan-
aSaulis arsis, mizezis, Sedegis, Cadenis fsiqikuri saz-
risis, Cadenis xerxebis anu misi Semadgenlobis, marTl-
winaaRmdegobisa da bralis meTodologiuri sakiTxebi.
yuradRebas mivaqcevT agreTve adamianis filosofiur
problemas, radgan trefikingi (adamianebiT vaWroba)
adamianis arsis filosofiuri gagebis gareSe sworad
ver iqneba gagebuli. am mxriv yuradRebas mivaqcevT Ri-
rebulebis aqsiologiur problemas, radgan am pozicii-
dan adamiani aris mizani, rogorc upirobo Rirebuleba,
da ara mxolod saSualeba (i. kanti). filosofiuri an-
Tropologiis gareSe SeuZlebelia imis gageba, Tu ra
azri hqonda da aqvs dResac adamianis mier adamianis, an
saxelmwifos mier adamianis eqsploatacias.
termini `trefikingi~ inglisuria da sityvasityviT

gagebulia rogorc adamianebiT vaWroba. saqarTvelos
kanonSi àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolis Sesaxeb~ (2006 wlis 28 aprili) trefikingi
adamianebiT vaWrobasTanaa gaigivebuli. am kanonis
me-3 muxlSi ganmartebulia terminebi, maT Soris tre-
fikingi, rogorc adamianebiT vaWroba. magram saqme isaa,
241
rom am ganmartebidan trefikingis ufro farTo Sinaar-
si gamomdinareobs, vidre adamianebiT vaWroba. kerZod,
trefikingis xerxebi adasturebs, rom trefikingi ada-
mianebiT vaWrobasac gulisxmobs, magram masze ar dai-
yvaneba. rogorc sworad aRniSnavs g. mamulaSvili, ar
arsebobs trefikingis universaluri cneba, magram ada-
mianiT vaWrobasTan trefikingis gaigiveba, misive az-
riT, arasworia.1
termini `trefikingi~ adamianebiT vaWrobadaa gaigive-

buli erT-erT saxelmZRvaneloSi sasamarTlo struq-
turis warmomadgenlebisaTvis.2 cxadia, trefikingi,
rogorc ukve iTqva, adamianebiT vaWrobasac moicavs. d.
juluxaZe sworad aRniSnavs, rom trefikingi, saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431-e muxlis Tanax-
mad, upirveles yovlisa, SeiZleba gamovlindes adamia-
nis yidva-gayidvaSi.3 Tumca avtori arc imas ugulebe-
lyofs, rom trefikingi adamianis SromiT Tu seqsualur
eqspluataciaSi Cabmasac gulisxmobs. arsebobs mTeli
rigi dokumentebisa, romlebSic sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa
ganxiluli trefikingis gamovlinebani da maTTan brZo-
lis RonisZiebani. aseTebia, magaliTad: saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier ratificirebuli bavSvis uflebebis
konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi (2002 wlis 27 seqtemberi);
deg gaeros konvenciis oqmi (2006 wlis 7 ivnisi); evropis
sabWos konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb (2006 wlis 22 dekemberi) da
sxva.
1
g. mamulaSvili, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis sruly-
ofisaTvis, `marTlmsajuleba da kanoni,~ Tb., 2006, # 2, gv. 56.
2
adamianTa vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlis samarTlis danaSau-
lis sasamarTlo ganxilva, Tb., 2008.
3 d. juluxaZe, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba tre-
fikingisTvis, Tb., 2006, gv. 9.
242
rogorc aRniSnulia, 2000 wlamde ar arsebobda tre-
fikingis iuridiuli definicia, romelic sayovelTaod
iqneboda miRebuli. 2002 wels qalaq palermoSi msofli-
os saxelmwifoebma xeli moaweres transnacionaluri
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis konvencias da amasTan erTad, oqms
àdamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, tre-
fikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Ses-
axeb~, romelic iqca adamianTa trefikingis danaSaulis
definiciis Semcvel pirvel saerTaSoriso iuridiul
dokumentad.4 garda amisa, arsebobs literatura tre-
fikingis Sesaxeb.5
§ 1. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) mizezebi da

xelSemwyobi pirobebi
adamianebis trefikingi rTuli, mravalmxrivi dana-

Saulia, romlis mizezebis, xelSemwyobi pirobebisa da
Tavidan acilebis problema rTuli, mravalmxrivi
4
n. baqaquri, ojaxuri Zaladoba da adamianTa trefikingi, Tb.,
2004, gv. 84.
5
magaliTad, n. Todua, adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi),
`sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili~, Tb., 2006, gv. 193-211; g.
Rlonti, àdamianebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi~, Tb., 2005; Глон-
ти Г. Торговля людьми с целью сексуальной эксплуатации: Реалии и
перспективы, Криминологический анализ проституции, порнобизнеса
и трефикинга, Тб., 2004; Т. Долголенко, Уголовная ответственность за
торговлю людьми, ,,Уголовное право~ 2004, № 2.; g. lobJaniZe, tre-
fikingis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi, Tb., 2006; misive, saerTa-
Soriso organizaciebi, damnaSaveobis zogierTi problema,
Tb., 2002; kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelmwifosa da samar-
Tlis instituti, Tb., 2008.; m. turava, adamianebiT vaWroba
(trefikingi), `sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis ko-
mentari“, danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, Tb., 2008; z. wulaia,
kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb., 2005 da sxva.
243
kriminologiuri problemaa. gasagebia, rom aRniSnuli
problema vrcel msjelobas moiTxovs, xolo Cven am
problemas mokled da isic am danaSaulis subieqtur
mxaresTan kavSirSi ganvixilavT. kerZod, ra aris tre-
fikingis, rogorc danaSaulis, motivi, anu fsiqikuri
sazrisi. davas ar iwvevs, rom trefikingis wamyvani mo-
tivi aris angareba, Tumca araa gamoricxuli misi Cadena
sxva motiviTac. aseTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT, magali-
Tad: Suri, SurisZieba,6 konkretuli piris pativisa da
Rirsebis damcireba da sxva. magram materialisturi
filosofiis Tanaxmad, motivi, rogorc nebismieri qce-
vis fsiqikuri sazrisi, garesamyaros movlenebis zemo-
qmedebis gareSe ar Cndeba. meorenairad rom vTqvaT,
adamianis qceva saTanado moTxovnilebis gareSe ar
xorcieldeba. moTxovnileba aris cocxali organizmis,
maT Soris, adamianis, aqtivobis wyaro. magram SesaZle-
belia moTxovnileba qcevaSi uSualod gadavides ise,
rom am SemTxvevaSi qcevis motivacia saWiro ar gaxdes.
aseT qcevas akad. d. uznaZis fsiqologiur moZRvre-
baSi impulsuri qceva hqvia, radgan am mimarTebiT qce-
vas uSualod moTxovnilebis impulsi warmarTavs da
igi cnobierebis sagangebo Carevis gareSec xorcield-
eba. magaliTad, quCaSi adamians SeuZlia mowios Tambaqo
imgvarad, rom cnobiereba sul sxva saganze mimarTos,
magaliTad: esaubros nacnobs da ikamaTos masTan, ma-
gram igive adamians oficialur samTavrobo sxdomebze,
Teatralur warmodgenebze Tu studentur auditorie-
bSi, Tambaqos wevis moTxovnilebis Sekaveba mouwevs da
amas igi nebisyofis meSveobiT moaxerxebs. aseT qcevas
ki akad. d. uznaZe nebismier qcevas uwodebs. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi moTxovnileba qcevaSi pirdapir da uSualod ki ar
gadadis, rogorc es xdeba impulsuri qcevisas, aramed
motivaciis gaSualebiT. motivacia exeba imas, Tu ra xe-
6
d. juluxaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 24.
244
rxebiT dakmayofildes es moTxovnileba. akad. d. uznaZe
werda `fsiqologiaSi nebismieri moqmedebis sabuTs anu
safuZvels motivs uwodeben. maSasadame, sanam adamiani
raimes gadawyvetdes, man saTanado motivebis Zebna unda
daiwyos: gadawyvetis aqts motivaciis procesi uZRvis
win.~7
unda iTqvas, rom motivi da motivacia anu raime gadaw-

yvetilebis fsiqologiuri dasabuTeba, garefaqtoreb-
is zegavlenis gareSe ar xdeba. meorenairad rom vTqvaT,
arsebobs motivaciis, rogorc adamianis Sinagani fsiqi-
kuri procesis, garegani mizezi, romelic subieqtis ne-
bisagan damoukidebel obieqtur samyaroSi mdebareobs.
igulisxmeba adamianis qcevis mizezi, romelic, rogorc
wesi, motivaciis gavliT iwvevs adamianis ama Tu im qmede-
bas. swored esaa adamianis Tavisuflebis fsiqologi-
uri piroba. kerZod, mizezi adamianis saqciels fatal-
isturad, saTanado motivaciis gareSe, ar gansazRvravs.
es exeba trefikingsac, rogorc danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bis obieqturi da subieqturi mxareebis gansazRvrul
erTianobas. prof. b. xaraziSvili marTebulad werda,
rom mizezi òbieqturi xasiaTisaa maSinac, roca igi
adamianis moqmedebas ukavSirdeba, magram ramdenadac
nebismier qcevas uSualod motivi aRZravs da es uka-
naskneli qcevis warmmarTvelad funqciobs, amitom da-
naSaulobaTa mizezebis problema am kuTxiT Seswavlas
moiTxovs.~8 avtori marTebulad aRniSnavda, rom `dana-
Saulebrivi qmedebis obieqturi wanamZRvrebi yovelT-
vis gare sinamdvileSi unda veZioT.~9
rogorc vxedavT, avtori meTodologiurad savsebiT
7
d.uznaZe, zogadi fsiqologia, Tb., 1998, gv. 203.
8
b. xaraziSvili, kriminalistika, Tb., 1969, gv. 492.
9
iqve, gv. 485.
245
swor poziciaze idga, rodesac igi adamianis qmedebas
obieqturisa da subieqturis (mizezisa da motivis) er-
Tianobad warmoaCenda. am poziciidan ki igi mkacrad
akritikebda im komunistur ideologias, romlis Ta-
naxmad, sabWoTa kavSirSi danaSaulebis obieqturi pi-
robebi TiTqos mospobilia da rom danaSaulis mizezi
calkeuli adamianSi (kapitalizmis gadmonaSTebis sax-
iT) arsebobs. es debuleba ara marto aramecnieruli,
aramed antimarqsistulic gaxldaT. kerZod, marqsizmi
adamianis cnobierebas misive yofierebas ukavSirebda.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu socializmis dros danaSaulis
obieqturi socialuri mizezebi ar arsebobs, maSin da-
naSauli biologiuri movlena yofila, xolo es marq-
sizmisaTvis principulad miuRebelia. prof. b. xaraz-
iSvili werda, rom mizezi adamianis mimarTac iwvevs
aucilebel Sedegs, magram es Sedegi motivis saxiTaa
xolme mocemuli nebismieri qcevis SemTxvevaSi da is as-
rulebs wamyvan rols. misi azriT, `danaSaulis Cadenis
obieqturi mizezi cnobierebiT aris dakavSirebuli
motivaciis procesTan.~10amdenad Tu danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis obieqturi mxaris daxasiaTebisas arsebiTia
yuradRebis gamaxvileba danaSaulis gamomwvev mizezsa
da pirobebze, `danaSaulis subieqturi mxaris dadgena
aucileblad gulisxmobs danaSaulebrivi qcevis mo-
tivis Seswavlas.~11
ufro metic, avtori yuradRebas aqcevda im zogad

debulebas, rom adamianis qceva moTxovnilebis gar-
eSe ar xorcieldeba, xolo moTxovnileba yovelTvis
raimes danaklisis saxiT ganicdeba. aqedan gamomdin-
are, avtori danaSaulis konkretul mizezad asaxelebs
moTxovnilebis saganTan individis damokidebulebas.
10
11
iqve, gv. 487.
246
misi daskvniT `Cven ver davasaxelebT verc erT dana-
Saulebriv SemTxvevas, sadac subieqti ar amJRavnebdes
Sromisadmi an adamianebisadmi damokidebulebis anti-
sazogadoebriv xasiaTs.~12 yovelive es trefikingzec
aris naTqvami, radgan trefikingi marTlac gamoxatavs
rogorc Sromisadmi, ise sakuTriv adamianebisadmi an-
tisazogadoebriv damokidebulebas. kerZod, rogorc
qvemoT davinaxavT, monaTmflobelur ideologiaSi
fizikuri Sroma adamianis damamcireblad iyo miCneuli,
xolo trefikingi, adamianisadmi antisazogadoebriv
damokidebulebas marTlac gamoxatavs.
am debulebis sasargeblod metyvelebs araerTi isto-

riuli paraleli, romelic gasaocrad hgavs dRevan-
delobas. ise Cans, TiTqos adamians monaTmflobelo-
bis epoqidan, roca monebs, rogor wesi, cxovelebze
ufro iafad yidulobdnen an yiddnen, erTi nabijic
ar gadaudgams win progresisaken. am debulebas, Ta-
vis mxriv ganamtkicebs is friad aRmaSfoTebeli viTa-
reba, rodesac adamianebiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT
dResac saubaria adamianis, rogorc trefikingis msx-
verplis, monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi Cayenebaze an
ubralod laparakoben Tanamedrove monobazec ki. mag-
aliTad, adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos konvenciaSi, romelic
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2006 wlis 22 dekember-
saa ratificirebuli, naTqvamia, rom adamianebiT vaWro-
bas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves am vaWrobis msxverplTa
monur mdgomareobamde miyvana. amdenad, sworadaa naTq-
vami, rom adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi) `warmoad-
gens monobis Tanamedrove formas, monaTmflobeluri
vaWrobis axal tips.~13 aqve naTqvamia isic, rom saqarT-
12
13
ix. dasaxelebuli saxelmZRvanelo trefikingis sakiTxebi
247
veloSi am danaSaulis zrdis mizezi mWidrodaa dakav-
Sirebuli garkveuli profesiebis adamianebis samuSao
Zalaze arsebul mzard moTxovnilebasTan, agreTve
imasTanac, rom adamianTa nawils surs wayvanil iqnan
sazRvargareT Sepirebuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad.14
am ukanasknel survils ki, Tavis mxriv iwvevs mosaxleo-
bis mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, umuSevroba, SeZe-
nili profesiis Sesatyvisi samuSaos povnis siZnele
(roca, magaliTad, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT istorikosi
iZulebuli xdeba taqsis mZRolad imuSaos da ojaxi
amiT arCinos), magram kidev ufro mZime da sariskoa md-
gomareoba im pirebisa, romlebic sazRvargareT samuS-
aod miemgzavrebian, radgan isini SeiZleba aRmoCndnen
msxverplni iZulebiTi Sromisa, prostituciisa, por-
nografiisa, adamianis organoebiT vaWrobisa da sxva.
yovelive amas ki is sazrisi aqvs, rom msoflio bazarze
adamianTa monur eqspluatacias maRali da usafrTxo
mogeba moaqvs. amdenad, pirdapir SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
àdamianebiT vaWroba monaTmflobeluri saxelmwifosa
da samarTlis gamoZaxilia Tanamedrove epoqaSi, Tumca
am saxis danaSaulma Tavisi ganviTarebis istoriuli gza
gamoiara. tyveTa syidvam, adamianebiT vaWrobam farTo
xasiaTi miiRo feodalur epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT mu-
sulmanur saxelmwifoebSi, sadac adamianTa cocxal ba-
zarSi Cveulebrivi nivTis Tu cxovelis msgavsad hyid-
dnen da yidulobden adamianebs.15
mokled SevexebiT monaTmflobelur epoqaSi monebis

eqspluataciis ekonomikur mizezebsa da Sedegebs. cxa-
dia, monoba martooden ekonomikuri mizeziT ar warmo-
sasamarTlo struqturis warmomadgenlobisTvis, gv. 5.

14
iqve, gv. 7.
15
g. lobJaniZe, saerTaSoriso organzaciebi, damnaSaveobis
zogierTi problema, gv. 97-98.
248
Sobila. am udides istoriul movlenas ideologiur-
politikuri xelSemwyobi pirobebic hqonda (Tundac
imisi mtkicebis cda, rom mona srulyofili adamiani
araa). magram am samarcxvino saqmeSi ekonomikur motivs
mainc gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda. prof. m. aleq-
siSvili sworad miuTiTebda, rom monaTmflobelur
ideologiaSi adamianis damcireba monobis winaaRmdeg
da maTdami urjukuli damokidebulebis gamarTlebas
emsaxureboda. avtori werda, rom xomaldis saxifaTo
mdgomareobis dros, samwuxarod, monaTmflobels
bevri fiqri ar sWirdeboda, zRvaSi romeli gadaegdo
_ ZviradRirebuli cxeni Tu iafi mona? misi daskvniT,
monaTmflobels àq humanizmis veraviTari normebi ver
SeaCerebda _ ZviradRirebuli cxeni SeenarCunebina da
ufro iafad Rirebuli mona ki zRvaSi gadaegdo.~16 avto-
ri CamoTvlis im mizezebs, romlebmac monisadmi amgvari
damokidebuleba ganapirobes. pirveli mizezi am mxriv
iyo sixarbe da, meTodebis miuxedavad, simdidris dag-
rovebisadmi damokidebuleba. simdidre saTnoebis wy-
arod gamocxadda da maSin am wyaros gazrdis nebismieri
saSualeba gamarTlebuli iyo.17meore mizezi iyo meqr-
Tameobisa da gamoZalvis udidesi gaqaneba da ganviTa-
reba. am saqmes, avtoris mtkicebiT, TviT `RvTaebrivi~
cezaric ki ar Takilobda. monas aiZulebdnen prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmas, raTa es axali Semosavlis wyaro gamx-
dariyo.18 garda amisa, didi mniSvneloba hqonda monaT-
mflobelTa sacxovrebeli saxlebis mdidrulad aSene-
bas da Zvirfasi liTonebiT gawyobas. erTi sityviT,
monobis mdgomareobas da monis sastik eqspluatacias
ekonomikuri interesi ganapirobebs. aseTive interesi
16
m. aleqsiSvili, monoba da monaTmflobeluri ideologia
antikur samyaroSi, Tb., 1974, gv. 345.
17
iqve, gv. 246.
18
iqve, gv. 252.
249
udevs safuZvlad e.w. `tyvis syidvas~ feodalur saqa-
rTveloSi, rac, rogorc aRniSnaven, feodalur saqa-
rTvelos ukiduresi dacemis niSani iyo. centraluri
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis dasusteba da dacema, qvey-
nis `mesveurad~ wodebul TavadaznaurTa TavaSvebu-
loba da Sina omebi qveyanas Zalas aclida. erTmaneTTan
modave feodalebi erTmaneTs arbevdnen da Zarcvavd-
nen, ymebi tyveebad mihyavdaT, rogorc òmSi naSovni~ da
maTi `miudevari~ sakuTreba.19
sayuradReboa Semdegic: gaqcevis SemTxvevaSi glexi sa-

kuTar Tavs ufro met safrTxeSi agdebda, radgan igi
advilad iqceoda sakbilod da saqonlad adamianebiT
movaWre avazakebisTvis.20analogiur viTarebaSi vard-
eba saqarTvelos dRevandeli moqalaqec, romelic
iZulebiT sazRvargareT samuSaos povnis imediT, garb-
is saqarTvelodan. yovelive es gvaZlevs safuZvels
davaskvnaT, rom adamianebiT vaWrobas, rogorc war-
sulSi (monaTmflobelur epoqaSi da feodalur saqarT-
veloSi), ise dResac ZiriTadad ganapirobebs ekono-
mikuri mizezebi. sworad aRniSnaven qarTveli krimi-
nologebi, rom Cvens qveyanaSi danaSaulis SenarCuneba
da arseboba determinirebulia mTeli rigi mizezebiT,
maT Soris sazogadoebaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri xasi-
aTis winaaRmdegobebiT. 21
friad sainteresoa i. goZiaSvilis azri, rom sabWoTa

saqarTveloSi damnaSaveobis SedarebiT dabali done
miuTiTebda mZlavr araformalur kontrolze, romel-
ic danaSaulis Semakavebel faqtorad gvevlineboda. av-
19
a. kilasonia, adamianebiT vaWroba saqarTvelo-kavkasiaSi
XVI-XIX saukuneebSi, Tb., 2006, gv. 38.
20
iqve, gv. 39.
21
z. wulaia, kriminologia, zogadi da kerZo nawili, Tb., 2005.
250
toris azriT, samarTlebrivi sistemis gareT arsebuli
es sazogadoebrivi kontroli (ufrosebisadmi pativis-
cema, araformaluri normebis arseboba), `romelic
efeqtur kontrols uwevs adamianis qcevas ojaxSi, sa-
zogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi, nasvam mdgomareobaSi
da a.S. da romelic batonobda saqarTveloSi didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi da misTvis mZime momentebSic qarTveli
xalxis gadarCenis erT-erT efeqtur saSualebas war-
moadgenda.22 avtori marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom yofil
sabWoTa respublikebs Soris saqarTveloSi ekonomi-
kuri xasiaTis danaSauls erT-erTi yevlaze maRali
(meore) adgili ekava. avtoris daskvniT, es imiT aixs-
neba, rom `cxovrebis wesi, romelic saqarTveloSi gaba-
tonebuli iyo da gvevlineboda, rogorc antikrimi-
nogenuri faqtori, Tavis mxriv moiTxovda saTanado
ekonomikur Zalisxmevas mis SesanarCuneblad. Tavisi
efeqturi arsebobisaTvis ojaxi, rogorc tradiciuli
faseulobebis mZlavri matarebeli, moiTxovda ekono-
mikur uzrunvelyofas. amis gareSe ojaxma SeiZleba
dakargos mosaxleobaSi arsebuli da damkvidrebuli
wlebis manZilze Tavisi roli da avtoriteti. pativis-
cema ojaxuri faseulobebis mimarT SeiZleba advilad
gaiqarwylos, rogorc ki ojaxSi warmoiSoba ekonomi-
kuri problemebi.~23 Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
bolo ori saukune qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ga-
reSe davrCiT, ojaxi bunebrivad iqca qarTveli kacis
yofierebis wamyvan kerad. mogvianebiT viTareba Seicv-
ala im mxriv, rom qarTvel xalxs aqvs damoukidebeli
saxelmwifo, magram ekonomikurma siZneleebma safrTxe
Seuqmna rogorc saxelmwifo mSeneblobis, ise ojax-
22
i. goZiaSvili, sazogadoebrivi erTianoba da danaSauli,
`sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Taname-
drove kriminologiis problemebi~, Tb., 2006, gv. 383.
23
iqve, gv. 384.
251
uri tradiciebis saqmes. am mxriv trefikingi, rogorc
danaSauli, udides safrTxes uqmnis saqarTvelos. am
safrTxis Sesaxeb cota qvemoT visaubrebT. aq ki gvin-
da yuradReba mivaqcioT sazogadoebriv da saxelmwi-
foebriv cxovrebaSi ekonomikuri rolis problemas.
rogorc cnobilia, marqsizmi gamocxadebul iqna isto-
riis axal, dialeqtur-materialistur gagebad, romlis
Tanaxmad, sazogadoebis arsebobas da ganviTarebas misi
ekonomikuri pirobebi gansazRvravs. es iyo sabWoTa kav-
SirSi gabatonebuli debuleba, magram sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis Semdeg am ideebis gadasinjvis sakiTxic daisva.
kerZod, rogorc cnobilia, k. marqsis gardacvalebis
Semdeg fr. engelsi cdilobda gaeca pasuxi istoriis
materialisturi gagebis ZiriTad sakiTxebze, misi rigi
werilebi adasturebs, rom fr. engelsi TiTqos iTval-
iswinebda sazogadoebis ganviTarebis araekonomikur
faqtorebsac, socialuri struqturis SefardebiT
damoukideblobas, magram is saboloo jamSi mainc aRi-
arebda ekonomikuri faqtorebis wamyvan xasiaTs, xolo
profesorma b. lutiZem sworad SeniSna, rom sazogadoe-
bis erTfaqtoriani axsna da gageba meTodologiurad
miuRebelia.24sazogadoebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba,
cxadia bevr rames ganapirobebs, Tumca is sazogadoe-
brivi procesebis ganviTarebis an maTi Seferxebis erTa-
derTi faqtori ar aris. magaliTad, dasavleT saqarT-
veloSi e.w. `tyveTa syidvas~ mxolod ekonomikuri in-
teresi ar ganapirobebda. jer erTi, rogorc sworadaa
aRniSnuli, tyve glexTa kategorias qarTuli samar-
Tali ar icnobs. am azrs isic adasturebs, rom `tyve~
araqarTvels da uTvistomos niSnavda, Semdeg ki moxda
24
b. lutiZe, fr. engelsis komentaris komentari (fr. engel-
sis XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis werilebis gamo), `filosofi-
uri Ziebani,~ t. V, Tb., 2003, gv. 114.
252
am terminis transformacia.25
meorec, marTalia, feodalur saqarTveloSi yma-

glexebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mZime iyo, rac ma-
Sindel Tavadaznaurobas tyveTa syidvisken ubiZgebda,
magram meore mxriv, rom ar yofiliyo musulmanuri
garemocva, es movlena SeiZleba arc warmoSobiliyo.
saqme yma-glexebis feodaluri eqsploataciiT dam-
Tavrdeboda. magram cnobilia, rom magaliTad, Turqi
vaWrebi nivTebs qarTvel vaWrebTan mxolod adamian-
ebze cvlidnen, xolo qveynis `mesveuri~ adgilobrivi
didebulebi am danaSaulebriv gacvliT saqmianobas
eweodnen.26 garda amisa, ukve iTqva, rom feodalur saqa-
rTveloSi `tyveTa syidva~ centraluri saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis dasustebis pirobebSi iyo SesaZlebeli.
ase rom, monobis Tu tyveTa syidvis mizezebSi mxolod
ekonomikuri faqtori ar monawileobda. igive SeiZleba
iTqvas trefikingis Tanamedrove mizezebsa da pirobe-
bze. kerZod, saqarTveloSi mZime mdgomareoba imanac
Seqmna, rom afxazeTidan didi raodenobiT devnili
mosaxleoba aRmoCnda daucveli da umuSevari, magram
visac ekonomikurad uWirda da uWirs, sazRvargareT
samuSaod ar midioda da ar midis dResac. meorec, saz-
RvargareT samuSaod aralegaluri gziTac midiodnen,
rasac Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobda zRvargadasuli ko-
rufcia, sazRvargareT gasamgzavreblad yalbi doku-
mentebis damzadebis SesaZlebloba, sazRvris saTanado
daucveloba, saemigracio samsaxuris gaumarTavi muS-
aoba da sxva. xSiradaa aRniSnuli, rom saqarTvelodan
emigrirebulTa umetesoba samuSaodaa wasuli, magram
iq legaluri SromiTi migracia TiTqmis SeuZlebelia
da maSin gasagebi xdeba, adamianTa didi nawili arale-
galuri migrantia, rac safrTxes uqmnis maT uflebebsa
25
a. kilasonia, dasax. naSromi, gv. 40.
26
iqve, gv. 40.
253
da Tavisuflebas da qmnis maTi eqsploataciis realur
safrTxes.27
amrigad, advili misaxvedria, rom Tanamedrove tre-

fikingi ekonomikur motivebs, ra Tqma unda, mowyvetili
ar aris. ufro metic, adamianebis trefikingis Sedegad
uzarmazari mogeba grovdeba, arc am saSineli borotmo-
qmedebis ukidures amoralurobaze metyvelebs, magram
Tu gvinda, rom saqarTveloSi trefikingi SevamciroT
da Tavidan aviciloT, saWiroa am borotebis mizezebisa
da xelSemwyobi pirobebis analizi, raTa maTze efeqtu-
ri zemoqmedebiT SevZloT misi Tavidan acileba.
§ 2. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Sedegebi
adamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi), rogorc sworadaa

aRniSnuli, sazogadod, xelyofs adamianis araerT fun-
damentur uflebas da Tavisuflebas amitomaa, rom igi
rogorc wesi scildeba erTi romelime qveynis farg-
lebs da transnacionalur xasiaTs iZens. amdenad es
danaSauli mravalmxrivi mavneobiTa da saSiSroebiT
gamoirCeva. is xelyofs adamianis Tavisuflebas, dadge-
nili wesisamebr Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis uflebas,
rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis gareT, agreTve adamia-
nis Rirsebas da Sromis Tavisuflebas, ojaxisa da aras-
rulwlovanTa interesebs. am ukanasknelTa normaluri
ganviTarebisa da aRzrdis pirobebs, magram saqme isaa,
rom adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Sedegebi gan-
sakuTrebiT sagangaSoa iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogori-
caa saqarTvelo. isedac mcirericxovani qarTuli mo-
saxleoba, trefikingis Sedegad kidev ufro mcirdeba.
es ki did safrTxes uqmnis eris genofonds. garda imisa,
rom sazRvargareT samuSaos mZebneli da trefikingis
msxverpli ukan saqarTveloSi iSviaTad brundeba, ma-
gram vinc brundeba saeWvoa, rom man mokle xanSi SeZlos
27
n. beqauris dasax. naSromi, gv. 83-84.
254
reabilitacia, ojaxis Seqmna, bavSvebis yola da maTi
normaluri ganviTareba; trefikingi eris genofonds
kidev ufro did safrTxes uqmnis im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac trefikingi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT xorcield-
eba, radgan arasrulwlovanTa SromiTi an seqsualuri
eqsploatacia spobs arasrulwlovnis pirovnebas, ro-
gorc momaval potenciur mSobels. yovelive es safuZ-
vels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna, rom trefikingi
upirveles yovlisa safrTxes uqmnis qarTveli eris
genofonds da esaa misi didi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroe-
bis maCvenebeli. amdenad, trefikingi saqarTvelosTan
mimarTebaSi didi sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis matare-
belia. es erTxel kidev adasturebs im garemoebas, rom
danaSaulis xasiaTi misi marTlwinaaRmdegobiT ar amoi-
wureba. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi danaSaulis cneba
ganmartebulia formaluri niSniT, rogorc marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedeba. marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoxat-
avs qmedebis uaryofiT samarTlebriv Sefasebas, rac
cxadia, metad mniSvnelovania, magram ssk-is me-7 muxlis
meore nawilis swori gageba adasturebs, rom mciremniS-
vnelovani qmedeba, romelic zians ar ayenebs kanoniT
dacul samarTlebriv sikeTes an ar qmnis aseTi zianis
miyenebis safrTxes, danaSaulad ver CaiTvleba. aqedan
gamomdinare, trefikingis, rogorc danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis, socialur-politikuri, ideologiur-fi-
losofiur-erovnuli daxasiaTebisaTvis marTlwinaaR-
mdegobis niSani sakmarisi ar aris.
§ 3. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Cadenis Tavi-

seburebani
adamianTa trefikingi rTuli, mravalmxrivi danaSau-

lia. is SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes adamianis yidva-gayidvis
formiT, magram araa gamoricxuli misi Cadena am aqte-
255
bis gareSec, erTi piris mierac (magaliTad, daqirave-
buli piris SromiTi eqspluatacia), aseve SesaZlebelia
misi Cadena danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formiT, maT
Soris myarad organizebuli jgufis mierac; SeiZleba
erTi qveynis administraciuli sazRvris farglebSic
moxdes da sxvadasxva qveynis teritoriazec hqondes
erTi dasrulebuli xasiaTi, magram araa gamoricxuli
misi Cadena araerTgzis an gangrZobadi danaSaulis sax-
iT; hqondes Sidaerovnulic da transnacionaluri xasi-
aTic, SeiZleba Caidinos fizikurma pirmac, magram araa
gamoricxuli misi Cadena iuridiuli piris mierac da a.S.
yovelive amis gamo dgas am danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
problema, romelic Tavis mxriv, misi Cadenis xerxebze
miuTiTebs. amdenad yuradRebas iqcevs TviT danaSau-
lis, maT Soris, trefikingis, rogorc aseTis, Cadenis
problema.
bunebrivia, rom es sakiTxi arsebiTad meTodologiuria,

radgan, rogorc ukve aRniSnuli gvqonda, danaSaulis,
rogorc aseTis Cadena ki ar xdeba, aramed praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ama Tu im danaSaulis konkretuli Semad-
genloba, romelic sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedebis Cadenis konkretuli xerxia.28 sam-
wuxarod, sakiTxis aqtualobis gamo, iZulebulni varT,
aq zogi ram gavimeoroT.
cnobilia, rom adamiani garesinamdvilisadmi orgvar

damokidebulebas amyarebs. upirvelesi am mxriv aris
praqtikuli damoukidebloba. adamiani sazogadoebri-
vi praqtikis subieqtia. danaSaulis Cadenac sazoga-
doebriv praqtikaSi xdeba. sazogadoebrivi praqtika ki
mowesrigebulia socialuri normebiT. zneoba, religia,
28
g. naWyebia, qmdebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zogadi
Teoriis Sesavali, Tb., 2000, gv. 73-85.
256
politika, samarTali da a.S. amyarebs adamianTa Soris
gansazRvrul urTierTobebs da yalibdeba sazogadoe-
brivi wesrigi, cxadia, maT Soris marTlwesrigi. ada-
mianis istoriuli qmnadoba swored sazogadoebriv
praqtikaSi xdeba. amitomaa, rom adamiani praqtikulad
cxovrobs gansazRvrul kulturaSi, qmnis da aviTarebs
am kulturas. samagierod, kulturac qmnis da ayal-
ibebs adamians. zneoba, religia, xelovneba, politika,
samarTali da sxva normatiuli sistema, RirebulebaTa
gansazRvrul ierarqias anu wesrigs gamoxatavs. ami-
tomaa, rom adamiani gare sinamdvilisadmi amyarebs ara
ubralod praqtikul mimarTebas, aramed praqtikul-
RirebulebiT mimarTebas. sikeTe, mSveniereba, samar-
Tlianoba, simamace da sxva _ iseTi Rirebulebania,
romelTa safuZvelze xdeba adamianTa urTierTobis
Sefaseba. magram adamiani gare sinamdvilisadmi Teo-
riul, SemecnebiT mimarTebasac amyarebs. igulisxmeba
rogorc kerZo mecnieruli, ise folosofiuri Semec-
neba. Teoriuli Semecneba ki garesinamdvilisadmi ada-
mianis praqtikul-RirebulebiT damokidebulebaze ar
daiyvaneba. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis me-7 muxlis pirvel nawilSi gadmocemulia da-
naSaulis cneba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli
qmedeba. cneba ki (kategoriac) aris azris logikuri
forma, romelic praqtikulad da pirdapiri logikuri
gziT ar xorcieldeba. amitomaa, rom praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ara danaSauli, rogorc aseTi, anu dana-
Saulis zogadi cneba, aramed ama Tu im danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis konkretuli Semadgenloba, romelic Semdgom-
Si SeiZleba dakvalificirdes danaSaulad. es debule-
ba vrceldeba ara mxolod danaSaulis zogad cnebaze,
aramed yvela saxis konkretuli danaSaulis cnebazec.
magaliTad, mkvleloba aris sxva adamianis sicocxlis
257
marTlsawinaaRmdego da ganzraxi mospoba, magram praq-
tikulad mkvlelobis cneba rom xorcieldebodes, maSin
mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani (ssk-is 108-114-e
muxlebi) saWiro arc iqneboda. maSasadame, praqtikulad
xorcieldeba ara mkvleloba sazogadod da rogorc
aseTi, aramed mkvlelobis calkeuli Semadgenlobani.
amrigad, danaSaulis, rogorc aseTis Cadena ki ar xde-
ba, aramed xorcieldeba ama Tu im qmedebis konkret-
uli Semadgenloba. es rasakvirvelia, exeba adamianTa
trefikingsac. ukve naTqvamia, rom trefikingi rTuli,
mravalmxrivi danaSaulia. amitomaa, rom is sxvadasx-
vanairad xorcieldeba anu misi Semadgenloba sakmaod
mravalferovania. TiToeuli es Semadgenloba adami-
anTa trefikingis Cadenis konkretuli xerxia. am Tval-
sazrisiT yuradRebas iqcevs prof. b. xaraziSvilis deb-
uleba, rom danaSauli fsiqologiuri qceva ki araa, ar-
amed fsiqologiuri qcevis anu motivisa da miznis ganx-
orcielebis xerxia. 29 magaliTad, qurdoba aris sxvisi
moZravi qonebis misakuTrebis mizniT marTlsawinaaR-
mdego dauflebis faruli xerxi. swored es xerxi Sei-
Zleba iyos sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-
uli, sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, marTlsawinaaRmdego da
braleuli.
Cven ukve, mokled mainc gvqonda msjeloba imis Taoba-

ze, rom qceva fsiqologiurad motivSi vlindeba. magram
qceva fsiqologiurad mizansac gulisxmobs. marTalia,
mizani filosofiuri aspeqtis mqonea, magram amjerad
misi mxolod fsiqologiuri mxare gvainteresebs. ker-
Zod, Tu motivi moTxovnilebasTan kavSirSi subieqtis
nebas ukavSirdeba, rogorc gadawyvetilebis fsiqolo-
giuri safuZveli, mizani, rogorc qmedebis Sedegis ide-
aluri warmodgena-modeli subieqtis inteleqtTanaa
29
b. xaraziSvili, sicruis fsiqologia, Tb., 1975.
258
dakavSirebuli, magram kriminologiurad da sisxlis-
samarTlebrivad arsebiTia nebismieri qcevis xerxi. mag-
aliTad, materialuri gamdidrebis survili TavisTavad
àngarebas~ sruliadac ar niSnavs, Tu es survili Tu
motivi kanonieri xerxiT xorcieldeba. magram sakmari-
sia, rom subieqti gamdidrebis motivs ukanono xerxiT
Seudges, rom es motivi angarebad Sefasdes. 30 rogorc
sworad miuTiTebs b. kvirikaSvili `xerxi _ qmedebis um-
niSvnelovanesi Tvisebaa. qmedeba yovelTvis individu-
aluri da specifikuria da am specifikurobas mas xerxi
aniWebs.~31
avtori marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom qmedebis xerxis Ser-

Ceva SemTxveviTi araa da igi gansazRvrulia im garemoe-
baTa sruli erTobliobiT, romelic axasiaTebs rogorc
danaSauls, ise mis Camden pirovnebas. kidev ufro sain-
teresoa avtoris mtkiceba, rom `yvelaze didi gavlena
danaSaulis xerxis SerCevaze, eWvs gareSea, mizans aqvs.
ukve miznis dasaxvac ki, yovelTvis dakavSirebulia mis
misaRwevad saWiro iaraRisa da saSualebebis gansaz-
RvrasTan~ da rom `yovel mizans Seesabameba misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli xerxi.~32
miuxedavad imisa, rom am msjelobaSi qmedebis xerxi

mizanTanaa dakavSirebuli, sakiTxi mainc dazustebas
moiTxovs. jer erTi, erTmaneTisgan unda ganvasxvavoT
danaSauli, rogorc fsiqologiuri qcevis ganxor-
cielebis xerxi, da TviT danaSaulis Cadenis xerxi. mag-
aliTad, adamianTa trefikingi, fsiqologiuri qcevis
30
Б. В. Хорнабуджели, Психологическая сторона вины, Тб., 1981, стр. 85.
31
b. kvirikaSvili, danaSaulebrivi qcevis subieqtur da obieq-
tur faqtorTa determinantebis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi,
`sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformisa da Tanamedrove
kriminologiis problemebi,~ Tb., 2006, gv. 392.
32
iqve, gv. 393.
259
anu motivisa (magaliTad, angarebis motivis) da miznis
ganxorcielebis xerxia, magram sul sxvaa TviT tre-
fikingis, rogorc gansazRvruli danaSaulis Cadenis xe-
rxi. trefikingi SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes, magaliTad ada-
mianis motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT
da a.S. meorec, mizani aqsiologiurad dakavSirebulia
saSualebasTan, radgan nebismieri adamianuri qmedeba
SeiZleba Sefasdes sami komponentiT: mizniT, am miz-
nis Sesatyvisi saSualebiT da miRweuli SedegiT. amde-
nad, upirveles yovlisa, miznis xasiaTi mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs qmedebis bunebas. magaliTad, adamiani
SeiZleba iyidon misi Semdgomi SromiTi Tu seqsualuri
eqsploataciis mizniT da es danaSaulia, magram adami-
ani SeiZleba gamoisyidon trefikingisagan misi daxs-
nis mizniT (Tu mocemul SemTxvevaSi misi daxsnis sxva
kanonieri gza ar arsebobs) da maSin es qmedeba, rogorc
ukiduresi aucilebloba, marTlzomieria. maSasadame,
qmedebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba mniSvnelovnadaa daka-
vSirebuli subieqtis qmedebis mizanTan. amitom sakiTxi
ase dgas: adamiani samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebulia
da amitom adamianebiT vaWroba dauSvebelia. amdenad,
adamianebiT vaWroba ukanonoa da amitom misi kanonieri
forma ar arsebobs. samwuxarod, zogjer es sakiTxi mT-
lad naTeli araa. kerZod, adamianebiT vaWrobis (tre-
fikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos 2006
wlis 22 dekembris konvenciis preambulis meore abzac-
Si naTqvamia, rom adamianebiT vaWroba warmoadgens
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevas, adamianis Rirsebisa da
pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSauls. amave pre-
ambulis momdevno abzacSi ki weria: `miiCneven, rom ada-
mianebiT ukanono vaWrobas SesaZloa Sedegad mohyves
am vaWrobis msxverplTa monur mdgomareobaze miyvana.~
ratom weria aq adaminTa ukanono vaWroba, gana adamian-
ebiT vaWrobis kanonieri forma arsebobs? ra Tqma unda,
260
ara! es da zogierTi sxva siZnele adasturebs, rom das-
muli problema Semdgom gaRrmavebas moTxovs.
§ 4. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) filosofiuri

aspeqtebi
trefikingi (adamianebiT vaWroba) filosofiur anal-

izsac moiTxovs. es, upirveles yovlisa, adamianis fi-
losofiur problemas exeba. filosofiuri msoflmxed-
veloba dogmaturi ki araa, aramed, piriqiT, kritikuli
da TviTkritikulia. filosofia epoqis kritikaa. ami-
tomac iyo, rom tiranebs da maT msaxurebs arasdros
ar hyvarebiaT filosofia.33 gasagebia, rom filosofia
aris adamianis kritikac, radgan igi dRemde ver gaTavi-
suflda Tavisive msgavsis, anu adamianis trefikingisa-
gan. samwuxarod, trefikingisadmi miZRvnili, am prob-
lemis filosofiuri mxare Tanamedrove literaturaSi
naxsenebic araa, es sakiTxi TiTqos zedmeti da arafris
momcemia. samwuxaroa isic, rom adamianTa trefikingis
filosofiuri mxare qarTveli filosofosebis intere-
sis sagani ar gamxdara. amdenad, Cven ar gvaqvs pretenzia,
rom am mxriv raime `garRvevas~ movaxdenT. SevecdebiT
mxolod imas, rom am sazareli danaSaulis anTropolo-
giur wanamZRvrebze mokled mainc SevCerdeT, raTa am
gziT Semdgomi kvleva-Zieba ufro efeqturad warimar-
Tos. savsebiT sworia mtkiceba, rom `filosofia ki ar
gvaSorebs cxovrebas, aramed ufro Rrmad gvaxedebs
Cveni cxovrebis arsSi.~34 magram siZnele isaa, rom ada-
mians sxvadasxva aspeqtiT araerTi kerZo mecniereba
swavlobs (fiziologia, anatomia, fsiqologia da a.S.).
adamianis cnebas ki arc erTi kerZo mecniereba ar ad-
33
T. buaCiZe, adamianis yofiereba da filosofiis raoba, `fi-
losofiuri antropologiis sakiTxebi,“ Tb., 1083, gv. 31.
34
iqve, gv. 30.
261
gens. rogorc akademikosi a. boWoriSvili marTebulad
aRniSnavda, fsiqologia, swavlobs fsiqikas, `magram
adamianisagan mowyvetili fsiqika aravis unaxavs, xolo
es imas adasturebs, rom adamianis arsis filosofiuri
gagebis gareSe, adamianis Sesaxeb kerZo mecnierebani ver
dasabuTdebian.~35 samwuxarod, aris cdebi imisa, rom fi-
losofiuri anTropologiis gareSe daafuZnon samarT-
lis anTropologia, rogorc àdamianis samarTlebrivi
yofiereba~, rogorc amas fiqrobs, magaliTad, a. saido-
vi.3636 magram adamianis samarTlebrivi yofiereba TviT
adamianis arsis filosofiuri moZRvrebis gareSe swo-
rad ver iqneba gagebuli. kerZod, adamians, rogorc
metad Tavisebur arsebas, mokled rom vTqvaT, bunebis
gvirgvins Tu RvTis qmnilebas, imdenad didi da ganusaz-
Rvreli fasi adevs, rom mas konkretuli sabazro fasi
ar gaaCnia. meorenairad rom vTqvaT, adamiani sasaqonlo
brunvidan amoRebulia da amitom masze raime konkre-
tuli sabazro fasis daweseba dauSvebelia, magram ara
mxolod wminda samarTlebrivad, aramed, upirveles
yovlisa, filosofiurad. vinc sxva adamians angarebis
motiviT yidis an yidulobs, is TavisTavsac aqcevs saba-
zro urTierTobis sferoSi da adamianis, rogorc gan-
sakuTrebuli arsebis, gaufasurebas iwvevs. amdenad, am
mimarTebiT dgas araerTi rTuli da saintereso prob-
lema. jer erTi, paradoqsulia mtkiceba, rom adamiani
imdenad absoluturi Rirebulebaa, rom mas konkretu-
li fasi ar aqvs. meorec, azrovnebis istoriaSi cnobili
gaxldaT principi, romlis Tanaxmad, adamiani TviTonaa
yvela RirebulebaTa sazomi da amitom relatur Rire-
bulebad ver CaiTvleba. magram debuleba, rom adamiani
35
a. boWoriSvili, filosofiuri anTrologiis Teoriuli
safuZvlebi, Tb., 1976, gv. 328.
36
А. Х. Саидов, О предмете антрпологии права, ,,Государство и право“,
2004, № 2.
262
yvela RirebulebaTa sazomia, amkvidrebs relativizms
aqsiologiaSi (Rirebulebis TeoriaSi). adamiani goni-
Ti arsebaa, magram es debuleba mxolod imas ki ar niS-
navs, rom adamiani inteleqtualurad raimes Seignebs,
Seimecnebs. adamians, rogorc sworad aRniSnavda T. bua-
CiZe, esmis da awuxebs sindisis xma, romelic TavisTavis
gansjaa, aris iseTi instancia, romelic Cveni vitaluri
moTxovnilebebis miRmaa da `mimarTavs RirebulebaTa
samyaros. RirebulebaTa cnobierebis gareSe sakuTari
Tavis gansja, Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. swored Rireb-
ulebis Suqze vsjiT Cven Cvens Tavs, roca eTikuri pozi-
cia gvikavia.~37
amrigad, SeiZleba sworad mogveCvenos debuleba, rom

adamiani aris sazomi yvela nivTisa, rogorc es Tavis
droze Tqva sofistma protagoram. sinamdvileSi es de-
buleba, `gadatanili Rirebulebis sferoSi, safuZvels
aclis Rirebulebis obieqturobas, imis SesaZleblobas,
RirebulebiT debulebas hqondes sayovelTao xasiaTi.38
~ es debuleba ZalaSia ara marto maSin rodesac adamiani,
rogorc yvela nivTis sazomi, gagebulia, rogorc indi-
vidi, maSin rodesac aq igulisxmeba adamianis gvari sa-
zogadod.39 am poziciidan Rirebuleba mainc subieqturi
gamodis da amdenad adamiani Cveulebriv nivTebs Soris
ufro aRmatebuli Cans, magram aq adamiani mainc relati-
uri Rirebulebis sferoSi eqceva. Rirebulebis obieq-
turobis dasabuTebisTvis ki saWiroa imaze xazgama, rom
adamianma `Tavisi Tavi iazros ara yovelives centrSi,
anTropocentrulad, aramed rogorc erT-erTi sagani
sxva sagnebs Soris, anu obieqturad. arsebuli unda
37
T. buaCiZe, Rirebuleba da adamianis daniSnuleba, àdamiani,
individi, pirovneba~, Tb., 1987, gv. 36.
38
iqve, gv. 37
39
iqve, gv. 38.
263
izomebodes ara adamianis masStabiT, aramed obieqturi
Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, rac imis garantias iZleva,
rom obieqtma, rogorc arsebulma, SeinarCunos TavisTa-
vadoba da ar iyos subieqturobis daRis matarebeli.~40
amrigad, erTi mxriv, swori da martivi Cans mtkiceba,

rom adamiani yvela nivTis sazomia da amitom mas Tvi-
Ton fasi ar aqvs. am poziciidan adamiani TiTqos yidva-
gayidvis sferoSi ar eqceva, magram, meore mxriv, deb-
uleba, rom adamiani yvela nivTis sazomia, uSvebs imas,
rom Rirebuleba relatiuria, ese igi, izomeba subieq-
turad im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac am mimarTebiT igu-
lisxmeba adamianTa gvari da, maSin, piriqiT, adamianic
erT-erT Cveulebriv nivTad gadaiqceva da maSasadame,
yidva-gayidvis sferoSi eqceva. am winaaRmdegobidan is
gamosavali arsebobs, rom dasabuTdes obieqturi, ab-
solituri Rirebuleba, rogorc Sefasebisa da orien-
taciis idealuri safuZveli.41 amdenad, gasagebia, rom
Rirebuleba idealuria (magaliTad sikeTe, mSveniere-
ba, samarTlianoba, simamace da a.S.) da mas jerarsruli
buneba aqvs da igi `moTxovnis, valdebulebis saxiT ar-
sebobs da damoukideblad imisa, aris Tu ara sinamd-
vileSi ganxorcielebuli.~42
amrigad, Rirebuleba obieqturia, garkveuli azriT ab-

soluturic. rogorc sworad miuTiTebs g. SuSanaSvili,
`Tu RirebulebaTa samyaroSi ar aris absoluturi, maSin
iq yvelaferi relatiuria, es ki yvelafris gaufasure-
bas niSnavs. RirebulebaTa samyaroSi absoluturs uwo-
40
T. boWoriSvili, Rirebulebis obieqturoba da pirovnebis
problema, àdamiani, goni, Rirebuleba,~ Tb., 1991, gv. 31.
41
ix. v. qvaCaxia, S. nadiraSvili, d. beWvaia, v. WeliZe, Rireb-
uleba da ganwyoba, `siciologiuri narkvevebi,” 1969, gv. 46.
42
T. boWoriSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 41.
264
deben upirobos. upirobo aris Rirebuleba, romelic
upiratesad mizania da ara mxolod saSualeba. amgvar
upirobos eZebda kanti, romelic pirovnebis Rirebule-
basTan SeCerda (pirovnebis `keTili neba~). ramdenad
daasabuTa kantma pirovnebis Rirebulebis upirateso-
ba, es sxva sakiTxia. magram kantis mcdeloba absolutu-
ri anu upirobo Rirebulebis dadgenisa aris sruliad
gamarTlebuli relativizmis safrTxisagan Rirebule-
baTa samyaros gadasarCenad.~43 amdenad arsen guligas
hqonda sruli safuZveli eTqva: `kanti iyo erT-erTi
pirveli moazrovne, vinc gamoacxada adamianis pirovne-
ba absolutur Rirebulebad rasobrivi, erovnuli da
wodebrivi kuTvnilebis miuxedavad.~44 kants mtkiced
swamda, rom sazogadoebrivi krizisis dros morali
da samarTali SeiZleba Seiryes, magram krizisi sxvaa,
norma ki sxva.45 imanuel kantis filosofia Taviseburad
Seafasa s. daneliam, romlis Tanaxmad, kantma adamiani
gaigo ara rogorc obieqti, aramed rogorc subieqti,
romelic bunebismetyveluri mizezobriobis principiT
ver aixsneba da ver gaigeba, `garda mizezis cnebisa, _
werda s. danelia, _ arsebobs kidev Rirebulebis cneba
da garda sagnis axsnisa (e.i. mizezis codnisa), aris kidev
Sefaseba (ese igi, sagnis Rirebulebis codna) an kri-
tika, romelic aranakleb saWiroa, vidre sagnis axsna.
axsniT ar amoiwureba mecniereba da mizezis garkveviT
an genezisis aRmoCeniT ar Tavdeba Semecnebis mTeli
saqme.~46 imanuel kantis cxovrebasa da filosofias vr-
celi gamokvleva miuZRvna akad. g. TevzaZem, romelmac
agreTve yuradReba miaqcia kantis damsaxurebas zneo-
43
g. SuSanaSvili, relativizmi aqsiologiaSi, `filosofiuri
Ziebani,~ Tb., 2009, gv. 430.
44
a. guliga, kanti, Tb., 1986, gv. 175-176.
45
iqve, gv. 174.
46
s. danelia, kantis cxovreba da filosofiuri moRvaweoba,
Tb., 1977, gv. 29.
265
bis dafuZnebis saqmeSi.47
Cven kantis filosofiaze ase vrclad imitom SevCerdiT,

rom swored kantma gausva xazi adamianis pirovnebis ab-
solutur, upirobo Rirebulebas, rogorc upiratesad
TavisTavad mizans da arasodes mxolod saSualebas. am
debulebas trefikingis sferoSi gansakuTrebuli mniS-
vneloba aqvs, radgan iq, sadac adamianis raime sulmd-
abluri miznis saSualebad uyureben, cxadia, adamiani
Cveulebriv nivTTa samyaroSi eqceva, xolo am pozici-
idan adamianis eqspluatacia moralurad gamarTlebu-
li Cans. kantis filosofiis am mxares samarTlianad mi-
aqcia yuradReba agreTve n. mSvenieraZem. misi mtkicebiT,
kantis filosofiaSi (`zneobis metafizika~) adamiani,
rogorc pirovneba, aris moralur-praqtikuli gonebis
subieqti, yvela saxmar Rirebulebaze maRla mdgomi. es
imiT aixsneba, rom is warmoadgens ara mxolod saSuale-
bas sxvebis xelSi da sakuTari miznebisTvisac ki, aramed
igi Sefasebul unda iqnes, rogorc TavisTavadi mizani,
e.i. mas aqvs Rirseba (absoluturi Sinagani Rirebuleba),
risi meSveobiTac igi yvela sxva gonier arsebas aiZu-
lebs pativi sces mas da Semdeg: kantisaTvis moraluri
Rirseba gamomdinareobs gonieri arsebis Rirsebis ide-
idan, romelic araviTar kanons ar emorCileba, garda
imisa, romelsac TviTon uwesebs sakuTar Tavs~ da rom
es Rirseba, rogorc pirovnebis Sinagani Rirebuleba,
aris piroba imisa, rom is iyos mizani TavisTavad.48 bo-
los, mivaqcioT yuradReba im garemoebasac, rom kanti
sruliadac ar gamoricxavs admianis saSualebad gamoy-
enebis SesaZleblobasac. kerZod, adamiani TviTon qmnis
Tavis Tavs da esaa mTavari. àdamianis yvela sxva kargsa
47
g. TevzaZe, imanuel kanti, Tb., 1974, gv. 105-118.
48
n. mSvenieraZe, adamiani rogorc Semoqmedi, goniTi arseba
(filosofiuri anTropologia), Tb., 2005, gv. 43-43.
266
da sasargeblo Tvisebas, _ wers kanti, _ aqvs Rireb-
uleba, roca SesaZlebelia gacvla sargeblobis momtan
sxva Tvisebebze. talants aqvs sabazro Rirebuleba,
radgan mTavrobas an miwaTmoqmeds SeuZlia sruliad
gamoiyenos aseTi adamiani, _ temperaments aqvs efeq-
turi Rirebuleba, vinaidan aseT adamianTan SesaZloa
drois sasiamovnod gatareba, is sasiamovno Tanamosau-
brea, magram xasiaTs aqvs Sinagani Rirebuleba, romelic
yovelgvar fasebze maRla dgas.~49
amrigad, gasagebia, rom adamianis Rirseba, rogorc

misi Sinagani Rirebuleba, aris TavisTavadi, upirobo
da absoluturi, romelic amave dros TviTmizansac
warmoadgens. am poziciidan adamianiT vaWrobis gama-
rTlebis mcdeloba azrovnebis istoriaSi iSviaTi ar
yofila. kerZod, monaTmflobelur ideologiaSi mona
srulyofil adamianad ar iTvleboda. es ideologia
saWiro iyo imisTvis, rom gaemarTlebinaT monis sas-
tiki eqspluatacia, rom TiTqos igi aris sxvisi kerZo
sakuTrebaSi myofi nivTi. 5050 sainteresoa, rom monobis
cneba amnairad esmoda hegelsac. misi mtkicebiT, monas
jer kidev ara aqvs Segnebuli piradi Tavisufleba da
amitom iqamde qveiTdeba, rom mas epyrobodnen, rogorc
nivTs, rogorc iseT rames, romelsac ara aqvs fasi. 5151
magram hegeli arc monaTmflobels indobda da savse-
biT sworad aRniSnavda, rom `monis pirispir mdgomi ba-
toni jer kidev WeSmaritad Tavisufali ar iyo, radgan
igi srulebiTac ver Wvretda monaSi Tavis Tavs. maSasa-
dame, batonic savsebiT Tavisufali mxolod maSin xdeba,
roca Tavisufali xdeba monac.~52
49
Кант, Сочинения, т. 6, М., 1966, стр. 541.
50
m. aleqsiSvioli, dasax. naSromi, gv. 7
51
hegeli, istoriis filosofia, t.V111, 1935.
52
hegeli, gonis filosofia, Tb., 1984, gv. 214.
267
rogorc Cans, monaTmflobelis araTavisuflebis erT-
erTi niSani isaa, rom igi monaSi Tavis Tavs anu adamians
ver xedavs. samwuxarod, am winaaRmdegobas ver gadaurCa
iseTi didi filosofosi, rogoric iyo aristotele.
rogorc sworad miuTiTebs prof. m. aleqsiSvili, `sa-
muSao iaraRebsa da cxovelebTan gaTanabrebuli es
monebi iseve emorCilebian yidva-gayidvis wess, rogorc
saqoneli an cxoveli.~ ufro metic, aris cnobebi, rom
mona zogjer cxovelebze ufro dabal fasad iyidebo-
da.53 aq gadamwyveti iyo monaTmflobelTa ideologia,
`romelsac Tavis rigebSi hyavda antikuri kulturis
mTeli naRebi sazogadoeba aristoteles CaTvliT. mo-
nis, rogorc nakluli adamianis, damcireba ubralod
Seicavda safrTxes adamianis damcirebisaTvis. ufro
metic, iyo cdebi, rom adamiani warmoedginaT, rogorc
yvelaze ufro boroti arseba. ubedureba isic gaxldaT,
rom Sroma, romelic adamianis Rirseuli arsebobis wy-
aroa, monaTflobelur ideologiaSi adamianis Rirsebis
damamcireblad iTvleboda. aristotele magaliTad,
moqalaqeobasac ki ar aZlevda im pirs, vinc fizikur
Sromas eweoda.54 maSasadame, savsebiT swori Cans prof. b.
xaraziSvilis debuleba, rom danaSaulebaTa konkretu-
li mizezi aris Sromisadmi, adamianebisadmi antisazoga-
doebrivi damokidebuleba. marTalia, zogierT gamon-
aklis SemTxvevaSi mona (an yofili mona) miwaTmflo-
belebs TavianTi Svilebis maswavleblebad (e.w. grama-
tikosebad) hyavdaT, magram, rogorc wesi, mona sastiki
eqspluataciis (maT Soris sqesobriv sferoSi) obieqti
iyo. romael imperatorTa sasaxle garyvnilebis bude
iyo, rac maTi znedacemulobis utyuar niSnad gamoiy-
ureba.
53
m. aleqsiSvilis dasax. naSromi, gv. 12
54
iqve, gv.164.
268
amrigad, monaTmflobeluri ideologia monobis ara
marto gamarTlebas cdilobda, aramed amarTlebda mo-
nis usastikes eqspluatacias, maT Soris mogebis momtan,
sqesobrivi eqspluataciis gziT, ubralo garTbobis
mizniT, e.w. gladiatorTa mokvdinebis amazrzenad max-
inji fantaziis meSveobiT da rigi sxva ubedurebiT,
romelic adamianis, rogorc gansakuTrebulad maRali,
upirobo Rirebulebebis ver gagebis Sedegic gaxldaT.
isic cnobilia, rom berZnuli filosofia upiratesad
kosmologiuri iyo da adamianis problema sofiste-
bamde da sokratemde sagangebod arc dasmula. rogorc
marTebulad miuTiTebs prof: m. WeliZe, aristotele,
magaliTad, monisa da batonis urTierTobas umaRles
kosmiur saxesac uZebnida.55
amrigad, monaTmflobeluri ideologia, rogorc wesi,

monobis, monis, usastikesi eqspluatacis gamarTle-
bas cdilobda da amiT arsebiT winaaRmdegobaSi iyo
adamianis, rogorc goniTi arsebis, cnebasTan. hegeli,
garkveuli azriT, sworad aRniSnavda, rom monaTmflo-
beli monaSi Tavis Tavs ver Wvretda da amdenad Tavisu-
fali ar iyo.
samwuxarod, am mxriv ukeTesi mdgomareoba arc

feodalur epoqaSi iyo, miT ufro e.w. `tyveTa syidvis~
qarTuli tragediis fonze. adamiani aqac xdeba yidva-
gayidvisa da sxva saSineli eqspluataciis obieqti. cx-
adia, `tyveTa syidvis~ amoraluroba da misi saZraxi
xasiaTi maSinac kargad hqondaT Segnebuli. qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis dacemisa da dakninebis gamo iZa-
la iran-osmaleTis agresiam am samarcxvino saqmeSic. a.
55
m. WeliZe, filosofiis istoriis mecnierebis saTaveebTan
(platoni, aristotele), Tb., 1982, gv. 90.
56
a. kilasonias dasax. naSromi, gv. 7.
269
kilasonia miuTiTebs, rom `TurqeTis istoriis funda-
mentur gamocemebSi aRniSnuli sakiTxi (ese igi, `tyveTa
syidva~ _ g.n.) saerTod araa naxsenebi. avtori am faqts
Turqi mkvlevarebis tendenciurobiT xsnis. cxadia,
arc umagisobaa, magram vfiqrobT, aq gadamwyveti mainc
`tyveTa syidvis~ saZraxisi xasiaTia. garda amisa, `tyve
socialurad umdables safexurze mdgomi adamiania, is
CamonaTvalSi Zroxisa da cxvris Semdeg aris dasaxele-
buli, rac pirdapir miuTiTebs mis monur da sruliad
uuflebo mdgomareobaze.~56 aq kidev erTxel gavime-
orebT, rom termini `trefikingi~ Tavisi arsiT dRemde
ucvlelia da amdenad dRemde qmnis adamianis ara marto
zneobrivi saxis problemas, aramed adamianis problemas
sazogadod. am mxriv sainteresod gveCveneba feodalur
saqarTveloSi myofi kaTolike misionerebis galaSqre-
ba `tyveTa syidvis~ winaaRmdeg. maT CanawerebSi vkiTxu-
lobT mosazrebas, rom RmerTma adamiani gaaCina Tavisu-
fali da maTi yidva-gayidva RvTis nebis winaaRmdeg moq-
medeba iyo, isini aRSfoTebas ver malavdnen imis gamoc,
rom qarTvel qristianebs musulmanebze hyididnen. aq
bunebiTi samarTlis ideebic iyo moSveliebuli, magram
samwuxarod, amgvari Segoneba saqmis viTarebas ar cvli-
da da es samarcxvino saqme mainc grZeldeboda.
Seicvala Tu ara am mxriv, viTareba kapitalizmis dros?

samwuxarod, marqsistebs garkveuli safuZveli hqon-
daT imis mtkicebisa, rom socializmamdeli yvela kla-
sobrivi sazogadoeba eqspluatatoruli iyo. amis erT-
erT sabuTad mohqondaT adamianis gaucxoebis cneba
da problema. kerZod, roca adamians garkveuli isto-
riuli pirobebis gamo ar aqvs saSualeba icxovros Ta-
visi fundamenturi arsobrivi SesaZleblobis mixed-
viT, roca adamianis moRvaweobis Sedegebi mimarTulia
56
a. kilasonias dasax. naSromi, gv. 43.
270
TviT adamianis gvareobiTi arsebis winaaRmdeg da rom
es gaucxoeba mJRavndeboda kacobriobis ganviTarebis
mTel manZilze, magram is ufro reliefurad gamovlin-
da kapitalizmis wiaRSi arsebuli Sromis danawilebis
kvalobaze. adamians sakuTari moRvaweobis Sedegebi
daupirispirda. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis mSromel ada-
mianze. àseT sazogadoebaSi kulturul RirebulebaTa
mTeli mravalferovneba da simdidre mSromeli adamia-
nis sulier-goniTi Zalebis gamofitvisa da degrada-
ciis xarjze xorcieldeba.~57 muSas kapitalisti uwevs
eqspluatacias ise, rom igi faqtobrivad hyidis Tavis
samuSao Zalas da amdenad trefikingis SesaZleblobisa-
gan arc kapitalizmia dazRveuli. amas dRevandelobac
adasturebs. magram, meore mxriv, sakiTxavia, marTla
Tavisufali iyo Tu ara socializmi adamianis mier ada-
mianis eqspluataciisgan. am kiTxvaze pirdapiri pasuxi
Znelia, radgan socializmis dros adamianis yidva-gay-
idva, am cnebebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi gagebiT,
marTlac ar xdeboda. Tumca saqme is gaxldaT, rom so-
cializmis dros TviT saxelmwifo axorcielebda ada-
mianTa SromiT eqspluatacias. sruliad araadekvaturi
gaxldaT anazRaureba im Sromisa, romelsac sabWoTa
adamianebi eweodnen. Tu imasac vityviT, rom aTaso-
biT represirebuli adamiani sastik iZulebiT Sromas
eweoda, maSin gasagebia, rom socializmis dros adami-
ani iyo `komunizmis mSeneblobis~ usaxuri saSualeba da
araferi sxva.
gamodis, rom adamians saSveli arc erT epoqaSi ar adga.

amitom dgas adamianis arsebobis sazrisis Tu Rireb-
ulebis problema. risTvis arsebobs adamiani? raa misi
57
a. baqraZe, adamianis gvareobiTi arsisa da idealis prob-
lema, `filosofiuri anTropologiis sakiTxebi,~ t.V., Tb.,
1983, gv. 62-63.
271
daniSnuleba? aris Tu ara adamianis sicocxle umaR-
lesi, upirobo Rirebuleba? Aes kiTxva filosofiaSi
araerTgzis dasmula, magram gansakuTrebiT saintere-
soa, roca amgvar sakiTxs arafilosofosi dasvams, Tanac
is pirovneba, romelic, rogorc Cans, organizebuli da-
naSauliTa da terorizmiTaa Sewuxebuli. mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs rusi iuristi v. luneevi, romelic sakmao faqto-
brivi monacemebis safuZvelze akeTebs ganmazogadebel
daskvnas, rom organizebuli danaSauli da terorizmi
awuxebs ara marto Tanamedrove ruseTs, aramed araerT
mowinave, ganviTarebul saxelmwifos, maT Soris ameri-
kis SeerTebul Statebsac. Aavtori yovelgvari mikibv-
mokibvis gareSe aSiSvlebs organizebuli danaSaulis
fsiqologiur mxares, mis motivebs da midis daskv-
namde, rom yovelive am Wapanwyvetas angarebiT gaxeleba
warmarTavs. Mmisi daskvniT, warmaTveli kriminaluri
motivacia pragmatistulia, utilitaruli da primiti-
ulia: – angareba an sxva piradi daintereseba. is bibli-
uri droidan aRar Secvlila, mxolod ufro gaZlierda
sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa aramarto ekonomikur
da politikur, aramed zneobriv da SemoqmedebiT sfer-
oSic ki, àngarebianobis~ procesi grZeldeba. kacobri-
obis imedi, rom ekonomikur ganviTarebaze damyarebuli
progresi zneobis zogad Semsubuqebas gamoiwvevs, ar
gamarTlda.58
amrigad, ìmis miuxedavad, rom es statia 2002 wels gamo-

qveynda, msoflios wamyvan saxelmwifoebSi am mimarTe-
biT dRemde Aaraferi Secvlila sasikeTod. didi imedi,
rom sazogadoebis ekonomikuri ganviTareba adamianTa
zneobis gajansaRebas gamoiwvevs, arc dRes marTl-
deba. samwuxarod, amgvar pesimistur daskvnas adamia-
58
В.В. Лунеев, Организованная преступность, уголовный тероризм в усло-
виях глобализации, `Социологические исследования,~ 2002, № 5, стр. 11.
272
nis zneobriv cdomilebaTa Sesaxeb mxolod v. luneevi
rodi akeTebs. es sakiTxi dRemde Tavsatexia radgan, mas
araerTi paradoqsuli daskvna ukavSirdeba. cxadia, or-
ganizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mosaxleo-
bis ekonomikuri siduxWire efeqturi ver iqneba, Tum-
ca, raoden paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, ekonomikurad
CamorCenil qveynebSi moTxovnilebac SezRudulia, da
maSasadame, xalxs ase vTqvaT, cotac hyofnis da amitom
am sazogadoebaSi Aadamiani kriminalur gzas naklebad
adgas. ekonomikurad ganviTarebul saxelmwifoebSi ki,
moTxovnilebac didi da mzardia, ris gamoc kriminalic
xSiria, Tu saxelmwifom Tavis YTavze ar aiRo kriminal-
Tan kanonieri brZolis pasuxismgebloba. amasTan sax-
elmwifo kriminals ara mxolod politikurad da samar-
Tlebrivad unda daupirispirdes, aramed ideologiu-
radac, adamianis cxovrebis sazrisisa da yofierebis
problemebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT, saxelmwifosa
da mis safuZvelSi nagulisxmevi sazogadoebis winaSe
mdgari miznebisa da amocanebis gadaWraze orientaci-
iT. Aam poziciidan gasagebia, rom adamianis winaSe mdgar
anTropologiur problemebs didi profilaqtikuri
mniSvneloba aqvs. magaliTad, aris Tu ara adamianis si-
cocxle umaRlesi Rirebuleba? saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacvis upirvelsi obieqtia adamianis sicocxle, magram
ara rogorc biologiuri movlena, aramed, garkveuli
normatiuli urTierTobis obieqti.
am mxriv friad sainteresoa d. uznaZis anTropologi-

uri koncefcia, romelsac amjerad mokled gadmovcemT.
avtoris azriT, adamianis sicocxle rom umaRlesi,
upirobo Rirebuleba iyos, maSin adamianis yovelgvari
sikvdili udidesi boroteba iqneboda. cxadia, Cveu-
lebriv pirobebSi mkvleloba, misi Cadenis garemoebaTa
273
mixedviT, dasjadi qmedebaa. magram rogorc avtori am-
bobs, ìwyeba omi... da Cveni azri da grZnoba Zirfesvi-
anad icvleba~ da rom Cveulebriv dros gaWedili Rire-
bulebaTa mwyobri sistema erTbaSad niavdeba; sindisi
Zirfesvianad iryeva da mtris sikvdili sasiqadulo da
sanatrel ambad epkureba Cvens smenas. `Tu mSvidobi-
anobis dros erTi kacis mkvlelobac udidesi borote-
ba iyo, omis viTarebaSi aTasi kacis sisxlSi amobanili
xeli gmirisa da keTilismyofelis xelad gveCveneba.~59
radgan omis dros mtris mokvdineba ufro raindobad
migvaCnia, vidre danaSaulad, _ Cveni bunebrivi rwmena
gveubneba, rom `kerZo adamianis sicocxle ar warmoad-
gens udides Rirebulebas, rom Cveni daniSnuleba Tvi-
Ton sicoxlesa da, maSasadame, mis gafarToebasa da gaR-
rmavebaSi rodi unda veZioT, aramed piriqiT, sicocxle
mxolod saSualebaa, romlis meoxebiTac xorcield-
eba is umaRlesi daniSnuleba, adamianis arsebobas rom
udevs sarCulad.~60 avtori askvnis, rom `sikvdili da si-
cocxle am daniSnulebisaTvis sul erTia, rom zogjer
igi sikvdils moiTxovs, zogjer sicocxles, rac imas
adasturebs rom Cveni arsebobis azri Cvenive sicocx-
lis miRma da maRla dgas.`
rogorc Cans, sakiTxi aqac mizan-saSualebis WrilSi

dgas. sicocxle, garkveuli aspeqtiT, saSualebaa adami-
anis Rirseuli arsebobisa. miT umetes, rom Cven, qarTve-
lebs, didi xnis winaT gvianderZes: `sjobs sicocxle-
sa naZraxsa, sikvdili saxelovani~. magram sicocxle
filosofiaSi mxolod aRniSnuli azriT ar ganixileba.
arsebobs sicocxlis filosofia, romelic sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara sicocxlis mier Tavisi Tavis gageba herme-
nevtikis poziciebidan. T. buaCiZe eTanxmeba vilhelm
59
d. uznaZe, filosofiuri Sromebi, Tb., 1984, gv. 275.
60
iqve, gv. 276.
274
dilTais im debulebas, rom adamianis adamianuri buneba
arsebobas iwyebs mxolod maSin, roca is istoriis gzaze
gamoisaxeba da rom ìstoria xorcSesxmuli adamianis
bunebaa.~61 miT ufro, rom dilTais filosofia gagebis,
anu, hermenevtikul meTods warmoadgens ise, rom fi-
losofia sicocxlis mier sakuTari Tavis wvdomaa.62
amrigad, Cven, Tumca mokled, magram mainc ganvixileT
adamianis istoriuli yofierebis zogierTi aspeqti
trefikingis, rogorc adamianis mier adamianis yid-
va-gayidvis, SromiTi Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis
poziciebidan da es danaSaulebrivi qmedeba adamianis
Rirsebas dRemde akninebs, ufro im adamianisa, romelic
am qmedebas sCadis. rogor axerxebs adamiani am saza-
reli danaSaulis Cadenas sindisis saTanado qenjnis
gareSe? am kiTxvaze saintereso pasuxs iZleva prof. z.
kakabaZe e.w. TviTmotyuebis fenomenis dasabuTebiT.
kerZod, adamiani midrekilia TviTmotyuebisaken da es
adamianis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli sisustea da rom
is adamianSi boroti sawyisis ZiriTadi iaraRia. so-
cialur sferoSi ki igi reaqciuli klasis yalbi ideo-
logia da am klasis danaSaulebrivi miznebis iaraRia.6364
TviTmotyueba niSnavs adamianis mier Tavisi sindisis
neitralizacias, mis motyuebas, saZraxisi saqme, piriq-
iT, TiTqos gamarTlebulia. Tavis momtyueblebs ki,
mxileba Zalian ar uyvarT. mamxilebeli filmebis may-
urebelTa Soris SeiZleba aRmoCndes romelime sute-
niori, romelic aRSfoTebas gamoTqvams am mamxilebeli
filmebis mimarT: naxeT, cils gvwameben, gana Cven aseTi
cudebi varTo? aseve ar unda gagvikvirdes, Tu es sute-
niori presis furclebze Tavis aRmaSfoTebel werils
61
T. buaCiZe, sicocxlis filosofia, Tb., 1971, gv. 57.
62
iqve, gv. 68.
63
z. kakabaZe, adamiani, rogorc filosofiuri problema, Tb.,
1987, gv. 18.
275
gamoaqveynebs da romis papTan erTad moiTxovs amgvari
`cilismwamebluri~ xelovnebis akrZalvas (iqve, gv 18).
avtori werda: `sindisi, yovelives miuxedavad, yovel
CvenganSia da gardauvalad moiTxovs obieqturad Ri-
rebul, e.i. keTil saqciels. Tu sindisi ar motyuvda, ar
dabrmavda yalbi SuqiT, mas ZaluZs CaSalos nebismieri
danaSaulebrivi saqme. danaSaulis CadenisaTvis adami-
ani raRac zomiT yovelTvis saWiroebs sakuTari sin-
disis neitralizacias Tavis motyuebis saSualebiT. es
motyueba vizaa danaSaulis samyaroSi Sesasvlelad.~6465
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom TviTmotyueba SeiZleba iyos,
rogorc reaqciuli, yalbi ideologiis wyaro, ise in-
dividualuri danaSaulebrivi qmedebis yalbad gama-
rTlebis safuZveli. es, cxadia, pirdapir exeba trefik-
ingsac. miT ufro, rom avtori laparakobs suteniorze,
romelic usindisod da farisevlurad imarTlebs Tavs,
TiTqos is saZraxiss arafers akeTebs. esaa danaSaulis,
maT Soris, trefikingis, gamarTlebis amao mcdelo-
ba, radgan danaSaulis gamarTleba SeuZlebelia. miT
ufro, rom trefikingi ganzraxi danaSaulia, xolo, amg-
vari danaSauli aris adamianis iseTi Secdoma, romelic
filosofiurad fasdeba, rogorc msoflmxedvelobri-
vi cdomileba.65
cxadia, problema am mxrivac Semdgom gaRrmavebas moiTx-

ovs.
64
z. kakabaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 19.
65
g. naWyebia, ganzraxi danaSauli rogorc filosofiuri
cdomileba, `filosofiuri Ziebani,“ t. X1, 2007, gv. 129-142.
276
Tavi II
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi daxasiaTeba da sasamarTlo praq-
tikis analizi
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
§ 1. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sisxlissamar-

Tlebrivi daxasiaTeba
XX saukunis bolos msoflios kriminalur bizness (iara-

RiT da narkotikiT vaWrobis gverdiT) daemata axali
saxe – adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi).
tyveTa syidvis saxelwodebiT cnobili es danaSauli,

gavrcelebuli iyo XIV- XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi
da mas ZiriTadad muslimuri qveynebis warmomadgenle-
bi sCadiodnen qarTvel didgvarovanTa daxmarebiT.
amdenad, warsulSi ukve miviwyebulma danaSaulma gasul

saukuneSi axali ZaliT ifeTqa da igi msoflio krimi-
nalur biznesSi, masStabis TvalsazrisiT, meore, mesame
adgils ikavebs.
adamianiT vaWrobis cneba sxvadasxvagvaradaa ganmarte-

buli rogorc doqtrinaSi, ise saerTaSoriso konven-
ciebSi (transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis
winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi – adami-
anebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikin-
gis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb – me-3
muxli; 2005 wlis maisis evrosabWos konvenciis – ada-
mianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
277
Sesaxeb – I Tavis me-4 muxli), magram unda iTqvas, rom am
ganmartebaTa ZiriTadi arsi erTia da igi moicavs:
a) saTanado qmedebebs; b) maTi ganxorcielebis xerxsa
(obieqturi Semadgenloba) da mizans (eqspluatacias).
monobis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis mixedviT, saxelm-
wifoebi iyofian sam jgufad:
1. mimwodebeli qveyana – romlis teritoriidanac

gahyavT mudmivad macxovrebeli adamianebi (e.i. eqs-
pluataciis msxverplni);
2. tranzituli qveyana – romlis teritoriis gavliT
xdeba msxverplTa gadayvana;
3. daniSnulebis qveyana – esaa bolo saxelmwifo, rom-
lis teritoriazec xdeba adamianiT vaWrobis msx-
verplTa sxvadasxva saxiT eqspluatacia.
aqedan saqarTvelo ZiriTadad miekuTvneba tranzituli

qveynebis jgufs.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 1431-e muxli swored zemoTxsen-

ebul konvenciaTa mier mocemul cnebazea agebuli. ker-
Zod, igi Camoyalibebulia Semdegnairad: adamianis yidva
an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxor-
cieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva
formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyue-
biT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad
gamoyenebiT, sazRauris an sargeblis micemis an miRebis
gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRebad, romelsac sxva pirze
zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadace-
ma, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
gansaxilveli norma moicavs aseve sxvadasxva damamZ-

imebel garemoebas, razec qvemoT iqneba saubari.
278
am danaSaulisagan sisxlis samarTlis dacvis obieqtia
saqarTvelos konstituciiT da saerTaSoriso aqtebiT
aRiarebuli adamianis piradi ufleba da Tavisufleba:
qveynis mTel teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaadgilebis
ufleba, sacxovrebeli adgilisa da saqmianobis sferos
Tavisufali arCevis ufleba, misi pativi da Rirseba.
fakultaturi obieqtia adamianis sicocxle da janm-
rTeloba, romelsac SeiZleba Seeqmnas safrTxe.
danaSaulis msxverpli aucileblad aris srulwlo-

vani. Cvenma kanonmdebelma pasuxismgebloba arasrulw-
lovniT vaWrobisaTvis gaiTvaliswina sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis calke muxlSi.
danaSaulis amsrulebelia sisxlissamarTlebriv asaks

miRweuli, Seracxadi piri (saerTo subieqti). special-
uri subieqti gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis mxolod
damamZimebel garemoebaSi (meore nawilis `g~ qvepunqti
– samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT).
danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba SeiZleba daiyos

Semdegnairad:
a) qmedebebi; b) misi ganxorcielebis xerxebi.

Eadamianis mimarT ganxorcielebuli es qmedebebia:
1. yidva;
2. gayidva;
3. sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba;
4. gadabireba;
5. gadayvana;
6. gadamalva;
7. daqiraveba;
8. transportireba;
9. gadacema;
10. Sefareba;
279
11. miReba (eqspluataciis mizniT).
am qmedebaTa umravlesobis ganxorcielebis xerxebia:
1. muqara - (igulisxmeba cemis, janmrTelobis msubuqi

an naklebad mZime dazianebis, motacebis, wamebis da
sxva Zaladobis muqara, oRond igi ar unda iyos sa-
SiSi sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis – rac gaT-
valiswinebulia ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-3 nawilis `d~
qvepunqtiT);
2. Zaladoba - (igulisxmeba cema, janmrTelobis msub-
uqi an naklebad mZime dazianeba, wameba, gaTokva da
sxva);
3. iZulebis sxva formis gamoyeneba - (sistematuri
damcireba da abuCad agdeba, raTa piri iZulebuli
gaxdes, daemorCilos damnaSaves);
4. motaceba - (piris iZulebiTi gadaadgileba sxva adg-
ilas);
5. SantaJi - (saxelis gamtexi an danaSaulSi mamxile-
beli cnobis gavrcelebis muqara);
6. TaRliToba (damnaSave motyuebiT eufleba msxver-
plis nivTs da Semdeg am nivTis dabrunebis sababiT
abams mas eqspluataciaSi);
7. motyueba - (msxverplis SecdomaSi Seyvana sxvadasxva
cru dapirebiT. magaliTad, rom moawyobs samuSaoze.
sinamdvileSi ki mihyavs eqspluataciaSi Casab-
melad);
8. umweo mdgomareobis gamoyeneba - (am SemTxvevaSi um-
weo mdgomareobaSi myofi am danaSaulis amsrulebe-
lia da ara msxverpli. aq igulisxmeba mxolod fizi-
kuri (da ara fsiqikuri) umweoba, roca piri iyenebs
Tavis umweobas imisaTvis, rom daarwmunos misi axlo
naTesavi eqspluataciaSi Cabmis aucileblobaSi;
9. Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba – masSi ver vigu-
280
lisxmebT samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebas
(am muxlis me-2 nawili), verc saojaxo, pedagogiur
an materialur damokidebulebas (am muxlis me-2
nawili). am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba mxolod krimi-
naluri Zalauflebis gamoyeneba adamianiT vaWro-
bisaTvis;
10. sazRauris an sargeblis micema im pirze, visac sxva
pirze (anu eqspluataciis potenciur msxverplze)
zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia;
11. sazRauris an sargeblis miReba im piris Tanxmobis
misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze (eqspluataciis po-
tenciur msxverplze) zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia.
aSkaraa, rom am bolo or SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis xerxia

mosyidva, magram xdeba ara Tavad msxverplis, aramed im
pirTa mosyidva, visac msxverplze SeuZlia zegavlenis
moxdena sxvadasxva saSualebis (magaliTad, muqaris)
gamoyenebiT.
CamoTvlili xerxebis gamoyeneba araa damaxasiaTebeli

adamianis yidva-gayidvisa da mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. Aaseve igi ar axasiaTebs
adamianis miRebas eqspluataciis mizniT. sxva qmedebe-
bis ganxorcilebisas ki (magaliTad, gadabirebis, gad-
ayvanis, gadamalvis da a.S.), aucilebelia, erT-erTi am
xerxis gamoyeneba.
rogorc vxedavT, saxezea erTiani danaSauli alter-

natiuli qmedebebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom danaSaulis
damTavrebulad cnobisaTvis sakmarisia erT-erTi maT-
ganis Cadena (magaliTad, yidvis). amasTanave, roca sax-
ezea Sesabamisi xerxiT ganxorcielebuli ramdenime
qmedeba, romelic Cadenilia erTiani ganzraxviT (magal-
iTad, damnaSavem iyida msxverpli, Semdeg gadaibira da
281
gadaiyvana igi muqariT da mihyida eqspluatators),
qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ara danaSaulTa erToblio-
biT, aramed rogorc erTi danaSauli (ssk-is 1431-e mux-
lis Sesabamisi nawiliT).
sanam detalurad ganvixilavdeT ssk-is 1431-e muxlis

obieqtur da subieqtur Semadgenlobas, unda SevniS-
noT, rom adamianiT vaWroba, rogorc wesi, gaivlis ram-
denime stadias:
1. msxverplis gamoZebna da Tavmoyra;

2. misi gadaadgileba (rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise
saxelmwifo sazRvarze tranzitiT gadayvana);
3. misi miReba eqspluataciis mizniT;
4. misi eqspluatacia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom msxverplis gamoZebna (misi gamovle-

na), win uZRvis am danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis
ganxorcielebas. damnaSaveebi winaswar swavloben po-
tenciuri msxverplis pirovnebas (mis garegnobas, mor-
alur, inteleqtualur da fizikur SesaZleblobebs),
aseve mis axlobelTa wres, raTa Seityon, ramdenad sa-
riskoa am piris eqspluataciaSi Cabma. Ees winare qmedebe-
bi, romlis mizania msxverplis gamoZebna, ar Sedis ssk-
is 1431-e muxlis obieqtur SemadgenlobaSi. igi mxolod
danaSaulis momzadebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, isic sa-
Tanado pirobebis arsebobisas.
magaliTad, a-m Seqmna turistuli firma viTom sazRvar-

gareT samuSaod wamsvlelTa momsaxurebisaTvis. sinamd-
vileSi ki iq misuli moqalaqeebisagan saguldagulod
arCevs eqspluataciis potenciur msxverplT, raTa mo-
mavalSi sxvadasxva xerxiT moaxdinos maTi gadabireba,
gadayvana eqspluataciaSi Casabmelad.
282
potenciur msxverplTa mZebneli da Semkrebi, rogorc
wesi, Tavad ar axdens maT eqspluatacias, aramed msxver-
pls gadascems sxvas, imas, vinc miiRebs mas eqspluataci-
isaTvis.
potenciur msxverplTa amgvari SerCeva (maT gadabire-

bamde) unda CaiTvalos adamianiT vaWrobis momzadebad
– ssk-is 18, 1431-e muxli (Tu ra Tqma unda, es yvelaferi
dadasturdeba Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT).
rac Seexeba msxverplis eqspluatacias, misi realurad

ganxorcieleba araa adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi Se-
madgenlobis alternatiul-savaldebulo niSani. Aam-
denad, igi araa aRwerili gansaxilveli muxlis Semad-
genlobaSi da danaSauli eqspluataciis praqtikulad
ganxorcielebamdec damTavrebulia. Tumca saqme isaa,
rom eqspluataciis realurad ganxorcielebis SemTx-
vevaSi qmedebis damatebiTi kvalifikacia danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT, rogorc wesi, saWiro araa (garda im
SemTxvevisa, roca msxverpli Cabmulia danaSaulebriv
qmedebaSi).
amdenad, adamianis eqspluataciis realurad ganxor-

cieleba araa aRwerili ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi, magram igi
masSi, rogorc wesi, igulisxmeba.
adamianis yidva-gayidva _ igi SesaZlebelia ganxor-

cieldes im pirisTvis fulis gadaxdiT, visac faqto-
brivad SeuZlia msxverplis myidvelisTvis gadacema.
msxverplis myidvelisTvis gadacema ki SeuZlia gayidu-
lis mSobels, meuRles, sxva kanonier warmomadgenels an
nebismier sxvas, vinc adamiani motyuebiT an ZaladobiT
miuyvana myidvels.
283
adamianis yidva aseve SeiZleba misi sxva nivTSi gacvliT,
valSi CaTvliT. igive iTqmis adamianis gayidvaze, rad-
gan yidva-gayidva urTierTganpirobebuli qmedebebia:
isini erTmaneTis gareSe ar arseboben.
vinaidan adamianis yidva-gayidva yovelTvis ukanonod

xdeba, amitom gansaxilvel muxlSi araa miTiTeba am
qmedebis ukanonobaze, radgan igi isedac igulisxmeba.
Tumca es qmedeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes marTlwi-
naaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebebSi. magaliTad,
adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplis yidva im mizniT, rom igi
daubrunon Tavis ojaxs, gamoricxavs am qmedebis mar-
TlwinaaRmdegobas.
adamianis yidvis Semdeg, rogorc wesi, gayiduli piri gad-

adis myidvelis uvado `mflobelobaSi~. Tumca araa gamor-
icxuli, gamyidveli da myidveli SeTanxmdnen garkveul
vadazec (magaliTad, msxverplis gayidva im vadiT, rac
dafiqsirebulia sazRvargareT misi yofnis vizaSi).
aqve adamianis yidva-gayidva unda gavmijnoT iseTi

kanonieri garigebisagan, roca mxareebs Soris dadebu-
li xelSekrulebis (kontraqtis) safuZvelze adamiani
garkveuli anazRaurebis sanacvlod kisrulobs valde-
bulebas, iTanamSromlos vTqvaT, romelime safexburTo
gundTan garkveuli vadiT an uvadod. sportSi xSiria
SemTxveva, roca cnobili sportsmeni gadadis erTi gun-
didan meoreSi, radgan mas iq met anazRaurebas da ukeTes
pirobebs sTavazoben. aseTi garigeba kanonieria da mas
araviTari saerTo ar aqvs adamianis yidva-gayidvasTan
(Tumca aseT SemTxvevaSi xSirad saubroben imaze, rom
TiTqos es sportsmeni ìyida~ ama da am gundma).
adamianis yidvis dros ki msxverpli ise gadadis myidve-
284
lis mflobelobaSi, rom es garigeba arsad araa dafiq-
sirebuli (igi verc dafiqsirdeba, radgan ukanonoa).
aqedan gamomdinare, myidvels SeuZlia moeqces mas ise,
rogorc moesurveba. amasTanave, gayiduli adamianis
faqtobrivi sacxovrebeli adgili oficialurad ar-
sad araa dafiqsirebuli, igi gamqralia samarTlebrivi
sivrcidan (arc cocxlebSia da arc gardacvlilebSi).
Tu adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpli misi eqspluatacii-
sas gardaicvala, an mokles, misi gardacvalebis faqto-
brivi adgili ar iqneba dafiqsirebuli, radgan es Sei-
Zleba gaxdes samxili damnaSaveebisaTvis. ufro metic,
SesaZlebelia, misi gardacvalebis ara marto adgili,
aramed faqtic ki daufiqsirebeli gaxdes da Seiqmnes vi-
Tareba, roca piri gardacvlilia, magram es faqti araa
registrirebuli.
adamianis yidva-gayidvisas araa aucilebeli iseTi xerx-

ebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa muqara, motyueba, Zaladoba
da sxva. yidva-gayidva SeiZleba moxdes TviT msxverpl-
Tan SeTanxmebiT da es ar gamoricxavs qmedebis marTl-
winaaRmdegobas, radgan Tavad es garigebaa ukanono. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom msxverplis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSic
`sazRauri~ gadaecema ara mas (msxverpls), aramed me-
same pirs (magaliTad, mis meuRles). Tu aseTi sazRauri
(fuli) gadaeca Tavad msxverpls, raTa miRweul iqnes
misi Tanxmoba eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze, aseTi garigeba
ar CaiTvleba adamianis yidva-gayidvad. aseTi garigeba
unda CaiTvalos adamianis gadabirebad, romlis xerxad
gamoyenebulia mosyidva. mosyidva ki, rogorc danaSau-
lis xerxi, igulisxmeba arasrulwlovniT vaWrobisas
(ssk-is 1432-e muxlis 1-li nawili), magram aseTi xerxi
araa mocemuli adamianiT vaWrobis (ssk-is 1431-e muxli)
SemadgenlobaSi.
285
amdenad, srulwlovnis gadabirebisaTvis mosyidviT,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba araa dawese-
buli.Ees sworicaa, radgan cduneba sazRauris dapire-
biT eqspluataciis xerxad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod
arasrulwlovnis mimarT, romlis zneobrivi kredo da
fsiqika jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSia da damna-
Save sargeblobs am viTarebiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, ver daveTanxmebiT iuridiul lit-

eraturaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom sxva ukanono
garigebaSi igulisxmeba damnaSavesa da dazaralebuls
Soris raime ukanono morigeba-SeTanxmeba da rom adami-
anis prostituciaSi Cabma soliduri Tanxis dapirebiT,
TiTqos unda Sefasdes, rogorc adamianis mimarT sxva
ukanono garigeba.66E
es mosazreba araa misaRebi, radgan:
a) `cduneba~, raSic ZiriTadad igulisxmeba mosyidva,

rogorc msxverplze zemoqmedebis xerxi, saerTod
araa gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi;
b) adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebisas danaSaulis
msxverpli saerTod araa am garigebis monawile (sub-
ieqti), igi am garigebis obieqtia, e.i. garigeba midis
damnaSavesa da sxva pirs Soris.
garda amisa, srulwlovnis Cabma prostituciaSi mosy-

idviT, saerTod araa sisxlis samarTlebrivad dasjadi
qmedeba. aseTi qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba dakisre-
bulia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi mimarTulia arasrulw-
lovnisken. aseTi qmedeba arasrulwlovnis mimarT unda
dakvalificirdes an ssk-is 171-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT
(arasrulwlovnis Cabma prostituciaSi Zaladobis,
66
g. lobJaniZe, trefikingis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi, Tb.,
2006, gv. 146).
286
Zaladobis muqarisa da motyuebis gareSe), an rogorc
arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (Tu mas mcirewlovnebis an
sxva mizezis gamo ar esmoda, ra qmedebaSi iyo Cabmuli).
adamianis yidva-gayidva damTavrebulad unda CaiT-
valos maSin, roca gayiduli piri gadava myidvelis
`mflobelobaSi~. mxolod mxareTa SeTanxmeba, Tundac
mas axldes gamyidvelze fulis gadacema, ar unda Sefas-
des, rogorc adamianis gayidva an yidva, Tu mas Tan ar ax-
lavs gayiduli piris faqtobrivi gadacema myidvelze.
es garigeba nasyidobis xelSekrulebisagan gansxvavdeba
ramdenime niSniT:
1. garigeba aq aris ukanono. amdenad, myidvels fulis

gadaxdis momentidan aranairi samarTlebrivi ufle-
ba pirze ar warmoeSoba, xolo faqtobrivi SesaZle-
bloba misi gamoyenebisa, jer ar aqvs;
2. garigeba exeba adamians (da ara nivTs). adamiani ki
gayidulad maSin unda CaiTvalos, roca igi faqto-
brivad gadava myidvelis xelSi, radgan mxolod am
momentidan SeuZlia myidvels gamoiyenos igi Tavisi
Sexedulebisamebr.
adamianis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba

– unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis yidva-gayidvac ukanono
garigebis erT-erTi saxea, xolo sxva ukanono garige-
baSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT SemTxveva, roca adamianiT
movaWre msxverplis kanonieri warmomadgenlisagan (an
sxva pirisagan) iTxovs am adamianis gadacemas da sanacv-
lod mas hpirdeba, rom Seasrulebs misTvis sasargeblo
qmedebas. magaliTad, izrunebs mis mimarT dawyebuli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetaze, an imaze, rom
ar iqnes dawyebuli aseTi devna, anda uSovis mas samsax-
urs, xels Seuwyobs biznesis wamowyebaSi, CamoaSorebs
287
konkurents biznesSi da a.S.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sxva ukanono garigeba unda
ganxorcieldes ara Tavad msxverplTan, aramed mesame
pirTan (garigeba `mis mimarT~ da ara `masTan~).
`mis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebaSi~ ar ig-

ulisxmeba mesame pirze fulis an nivTis gadacema, rad-
gan aseTi garigeba yidva-gayidvad unda CaiTvalos. amas-
Tanave, radgan yidva-gayidvac ukanono garigebis erT-
erTi saxea, sxva ukanono garigebis damTavrebis momen-
tic iseve unda ganisazRvros, rogorc yidva-gayidvisa.
kerZod, igi damTavrebulad unda CaiTvalos msxverplis
damnaSaveze faqtobrivi gadacemis momentidan.
gadabireba – masSi igulisxmeba piris dayolieba eqs-
pluataciaSi im xerxebis gamoyenebiT, rac miTiTebulia
ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi (motyueba, muqara da sxva). Tu piris
gadabirebisaTvis arc erTi am xerxTagani araa gamoyen-
ebuli, danaSaulis Semadgenloba saxeze ar aris. magal-
iTad, ar CaiTvleba srulwlovnis gadabirebad misi Se-
goneba, rom sjobs Caebas eqspluataciaSi (vTqvaT, pros-
tituciaSi) lukma puris sanacvlod, vidre iyos mSieri
da nagavSi eZebos sakvebi. Tu srulwlovani aseT Segone-
bas dahyveba, adamianiT vaWrobis Semadgenloba saxeze
ar gvaqvs.
gadayvana – am dros xdeba msxverplis gadaadgileba

qveynis erTi adgilidan meoreSi, aseve sazRvargareT
(1431-e muxlis me-2 naw.) nebismieri gziT _ fexiT, sa-
transporto saSualebiT (oRond Tu satransporto
saSualebas Tavad damnaSave marTavs, es CaiTvleba ara
gadayvanad, aramed transportirebad). amasTan, aucile-
beli araa msxverpls Tan axldes damnaSave. SesaZloa, man
sxva gziT uzrunvelyos misi gadayvana (transportis
gamoZebniT, sabuTebis gaformebaSi xelis SewyobiT, mg-
288
zavrobis dafinansebiT da sxva). gadayvanis xerxad aseve
gamoyenebuli unda iyos muqara, motyueba an 1431-e mux-
lSi miTiTebuli sxva xerxi.
gadamalva – igi gulisxmobs msxverplis moTavsebas iseT

adgilas, rac gamoricxavs rogorc mis Tavisufal gad-
aadgilebas, aseve SemTxveviTi pirebis kontaqts masTan.
Ees SesaZloa iyos bina, raime saTavso, tye da sxva. gada-
malvis mizani SeiZleba iyos piris Semdgomi gadabireba
an transportireba, misi gadacema eqspluatatorze an
Semdgomi Cabma eqspluataciaSi. Ggadamalva Tavis TavSi
moicavs Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas da damatebiTi
kvalifikacia ssk-is 143-e muxliT saWiro araa. gadamal-
visas aseve gamoyenebuli unda iyos zemoTmiTiTebuli
xerxidan romelime (magaliTad, motyueba).
vinaidan saxezea erTiani danaSauli alternatiuli

qmedebebiT, SesaZloa, yvela es qmedeba (gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva) erTma pirma Caidinos da es zegavlenas
ver moaxdens qmedebis kvalifikaciaze, magram igi aisax-
eba braldebaSi. SesaZloa, es qmedebebi SeTanxmebulad
sxvadasxva pirebma Caidinon – erTma gadaibiros, meo-
rem gadaiyvanos, xolo mesamem gadamalos. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi, araa aucilebeli, yvela maTganma gamoiyenos
ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi MmiTiTebuli xerxi. gansakuTrebiT
es iTqmis iseT xerxze, rogoricaa motyueba, muqara da
SantaJi. es xerxi SesaZloa gamoiyenos mxolod iman,
vinc gadaibira msxverpli. sxvebma ki (vinc gadaiyvana
da gadamala igi), mxolod ician amis Sesaxeb. motyuebiT
gadabirebuli piri formalurad nebiT mihyveba damna-
Saves da aseve nebayoflobiT Cerdeba im adgilas, sadac
mas aTavseben.
daqiraveba – saerTod igi Cveulebrivi samoqalaqo sa-
289
marTlebrivi urTierTobis saxea (garkveuli anazRau-
rebis pirobiT raime samuSaos Sesruleba an momsax-
urebis gaweva. aseve sxvisi nivTis (rogorc moZravi, ise
uZravi) garkveuli vadiT gamoyeneba mesakuTrisaTvis
anazRaurebis gadaxdis pirobiT). Ggansaxilvel SemTx-
vevaSi igulisxmeba piris ara kanonieri daqiraveba (Ses-
abamisi kontraqtis safuZvelze), aramed piri qiravdeba
misi eqspluataciisaTvis, rogorc nivTi da sazRauri
gadaecema ara Tavad mas (daqiravebuls), aramed sxvas.
Ees sxva SeiZleba iyos misi axlo naTesavi (magaliTad,
meuRle), aseve msxverplis `mesakuTre~, romelsac igi
nayidi hyavs, rogorc mona.
aqve daqiraveba unda ganvasxvavoT adamianis yidvisagan.

Yyidvis dros myidveli erTian Tanxaze Tanxmdeba gamy-
idvelTan da rogorc wesi, erTianad ixdis mas. gayidu-
li piri ki mis uvado `sargeblobaSi~ gadadis, rogorc
nivTi. Ddaqiravebis dros ki damqiravebeli (eqspluata-
tori) da gamqiravebeli (igi SesaZloa, ar iyos eqsplu-
atatori) Tanxmdebian imaze, rom msxverpli damqiraveb-
els gadaecema xanmokle vadiT (magaliTad, erTi dRiT)
garkveuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad da qirac qiravno-
bis drois Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba. ra Tqma unda, qira
araadekvaturia Sesrulebul samuSaosTan mimarTebaSi
da amasTan damnaSave msxverplis mimarT iyenebs kanonSi
miTiTebul romelime xerxs.
daqiravebaSi igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxvevac, roca Ses-

asrulebeli samuSaos sazRauri gadaecema Tavad daq-
iravebuls, magram es sazRauri araadekvaturia da rac
mTavaria, msxverplis TanxmobisaTvis gamoyenebulia
erT-erTi is xerxi, rac miTiTebulia ssk-is 1431-e muxl-
Si. am SemTxvevaSi Tu damnaSavis mier gamoyenebuli araa
kanonSi miTiTebuli romelime xerxi, daqiravebulis
290
mimarT gadaxdili anazRaureba rac ar unda araadekva-
turi iyos, adamianis eqspluataciasTan saqme ar gvaqvs,
radgan:
a) anazRaurebis araadekvaturoba SefasebiTi cne-

baa da misi kriteriumi gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoSi. magaliTad, rac saqarTvelos mo-
qalaqisaTvis `normaluri anazRaurebaa~, is gan-
viTarebuli qveynis moqalaqisaTvis (iq cxovrebis
donidan gamomdinare) araadekvaturia. amitom ar
unda Seiqmnas iseTi viTareba, roca ucxoeTSi sam-
uSaod wasuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe kmayofilia
Tavisi Sromis anazRaurebiT, magram es anazRaureba
im qveyanaSi Sefasdes adamianis eqspluataciad;
b) mocemul SemTxvevaSi daqiravebuli aris srulw-
lovani piri;
g) saerTod, ramdenad adekvatur anazRaurebaze SeT-
anxmdebian mxareebi kanoniT daSvebuli samuSaos Ses-
asruleblad, es maT SeTanxmebaze unda iyos damokide-
buli. Tu srulwlovan moqalaqes akmayofilebs SeT-
avazebuli anazRaureba, aravis aqvs ufleba (maT Soris
saxelmwifos), Caerios aseT urTierTobaSi.
sxva sakiTxia, Tu mxareebi Tanxmdebian kanonsawinaaRm-

dego samuSaos Sesrulebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, maT pa-
suxi unda agon im kanonis Sesabamisad, romelic krZala-
vs aseTi samuSaos Sesrulebas (da ara adamianis eqsplu-
ataciisaTvis).
transportireba – aq igulisxmeba msxverplis gad-

aadgileba erTi adgilidan meoreze (maT Soris sazR-
vargareTac) nebismieri saxis transportiT (rogorc
saqalaqo, ise wylisa da sahaero transportiT). amasTan,
am qmedebis amsrulebelia is, vinc transports marTavs
da gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom axdens adamianiT vaWrobis
291
msxverplis gadaadgilebas. gansxvavebiT gadayvanisagan,
sadac am qmedebis amsrulebeli, SesaZloa, Tavad arc ax-
ldes msxverpls gadayvanisas (magram uzrunvelyos misi
transportireba). transportirebisas damnaSave Tavad
marTavs im transports, riTac xdeba msxverplis gad-
ayvana.
saerTod, gadayvana ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre trans-

portireba, magram vinaidan kanonmdebelma trans-
portireba danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis cal-
ke niSnad gamohyo, igi ukve ar igulisxmeba gadayvanaSi.
gadacema – aq igulisxmeba msxverplis Cabareba sxva

pirze. igi SeiZleba iyos eqspluatatori an sxva, romel-
mac igi droebiT unda gadamalos. gadacema ar gulisx-
mobs arc gadayvanas da arc transportirebas. es qmede-
bebi SesaZloa, sxva pirma ganaxorcielos. magaliTad,
a-m motyuebiT gadaiyvana b. sazRvargareT da miiyvana
erT-erTi qalaqis sastumrosTan, sadac mas elodeboda
c. (romelsac gacnobierebuli aqvs saqmis viTareba),
romelmac msxverpli gadasca sastumros mepatrones.
aRsaniSnavia, romAamgvari qmedebis (msxverplis gadacema)

Camdeni, sanam ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi es qmedeba saxeldebiT
ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, ver CaiTvleboda danaSaulis
amsruleblad. igi iTvleboda Tanamonawiled adamianiT
vaWrobaSi, kerZod, damxmared. Aamdenad, am sakanonmde-
blo siaxliT gamkacrda pasuxismgebloba aRniSnuli
qmedebisaTvis.
Sefareba – saerTod Sefareba gulisxmobs adamianis da-

farvas raime gansacdelisagan, xifaTisagan, mis gamox-
snas rTuli viTarebidan.67 gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi
67
ix. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, mT. red. arn. Ci-
qobava, nakv. II, Tb., 1990.
292
Sefareba gulisxmobs usaxlkaro, umuSevari, mSieri
adamianis uzrunvelyofas TavSesafriT, samuSaoTi an
sakvebiT.
aseT viTarebaSi, bevri kiTxva ibadeba. kerZod, saqarT-

velos sinamdvileSi, sadac siduxWireSi myofTa so-
cialuri daxmarebis sakiTxi problemuria, raSi sWird-
eba pirs gansacdelSi myofis am viTarebidan gamoxs-
nisaTvis gamoiyenos iseTi xerxi, rogoricaa Zaladoba,
muqara, SantaJi da sxva? gana gansacdelSi myofi am xe-
rxis gamoyenebis gareSec didi siamovnebiT da mad-
lierebiT ar daTanxmdeba mas Sefarebaze, Tundac raime
samuSaos Sesrulebis pirobiT? an, ratomaa valdebuli
piri, romelmac Seifara gansacdelSi myofi, adekva-
turad aunazRauros mas gaweuli samuSao? ra Tqma unda,
Sefarebuli piris gamoyeneba mZime samuSaosaTvis, luk-
ma puris sanacvlod, amoraluri qmedebaa, radgan piri
sargeblobs imiT, rom gansacdelSi myofs sxva gamosava-
li ar aqvs, magram es sakiTxis moraluri mxarea da mas
saerTo ar aqvs adamianiT vaWrobasTan.
erTaderTi xerxi, rac saqarTvelos realobaSi praqti-

kulad SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes gansacdelSi myofis
Sefarebisas misi eqspluataciis mizniT, esaa motyueba,
roca mas pirdebian saTanado anazRaurebas mZime sam-
uSaos Sesrulebis sanacvlod. Semdeg ki mxolod sakvebs
da TavSesafars aZleven da toveben anazRaurebis gareSe,
rac marTlac unda CaiTvalos adamianis eqspluataciad.
rac Seexeba im qveynebs, sadac umuSevarTa da

usaxlkaroTa daxmarebas saxelmwifo iRebs Tavis Tavze,
kerZo pirebs unda aekrZaloT aseTi pirebis Sefareba
maTi iaf muSaxelad gamoyenebis sanacvlod da aseTi Se-
fareba marTlac unda CaiTvalos adamianis eqspluata-
ciad.
293
adamianis miReba eqspluataciis mizniT – aq igulisxmeba
SemTxveva, roca eqspluatatori, winaswari SecnobiT,
sxvis mier, ama Tu im xerxiT, ukve gadabirebul adamians
iRebs eqspluataciis gasawevad. marTalia, mas Tavad ar
gamouyenebia raime xerxi misi gadabirebisaTvis, magram
icis, rom es xerxi sxvam gamoiyena. adamianiT vaWrobis
(trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos
konvenciis me-4 muxlis Sinaarsis Tanaxmad, adamianiT
vaWrobis msxverplis Tanxmoba, gamoyenebul iqnes eqs-
pluataciis miznebisaTvis, ar CaiTvleba namdvilad, Tu
es Tanxmoba miRebul iqna iseTi saSualebis gamoyenebiT,
rogoricaa: muqara, Zaladoba, iZulebis sxva forma, mo-
tyueba da sxva (rac CamoTvlilia konvenciis amave mux-
lSi).
amiT konvenciis avtorebma xazi gausves imas, rom Tu

srulwlovnis Tanxmoba eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze aris
moCvenebiTi, aseT Tanxmobas mniSvneloba ar mieniWe-
ba da misi eqspluataciaSi Cabma CaiTvleba adamianiT
vaWrobad.
igive azria gatarebuli ssk-is 1431-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi,

sadac weria: `piris Tanxmobas mis winaswarganzraxul
eqspluataciaze (n.T.) mniSvneloba ar aqvs~. M
mtkicebis sakiTxia, rogor dadgindes, icoda Tu ara

pirma, rom adamianis Tanxmoba iyo moCvenebiTi, arar-
ealuri. Aamis dasadgenad sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTad,
gamodgeba imis dadgena, Tu ra mdgomareobaSi iyo gareg-
nuli Tu emociuri TvalsazrisiT is adamiani, vinc Tanx-
moba ganacxada eqspluataciaze (etyoboda Zaladobis
niSnebi, iyo aRelvebuli, daSinebuli da sxva).
294
adamianiT vaWrobis subieqturi SemadgenlobisTvis,
rogorc wesi, damaxasiaTebelia eqspluataciis miz-
ani. amitom am miznis sworad gagebisTvis gansaxilveli
normis SeniSvnaSi kanonmdebeli ganmartavs eqspluat-
aciis cnebas.
sxvadasxva mizanTan erTad, eqspluataciis mizani erT-

erT alternatiul miznad gulisxmobs adamianis mono-
bis Tanamedrove pirobebSi Cayenebas, rac sxva niSnebTan
erTad (magaliTad, misTvis pirovnebis saidentifikacio
dokumentis CamorTmeva da sxva) gulisxmobs Tavisufa-
li gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvas.
ras niSnavs Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudva,

riT gansxvavdeba igi Tavisuflebis aRkveTisgan da rogor
vlindeba es qmedebebi gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi?
Tavisuflebis aRkveTisas (ra Tqma unda, aq vgulisx-

mobT mis ukanonod aRkveTas) msxverpls warTmeuli aqvs
qveynis mTel teritoriaze gadaadgilebis ufleba. ker-
Zod, igi SeiZleba damwyvdeuli iyos binaSi, sardafSi,
ormoSi, mibmuli iyos xeze da a.S. amdenad, mas ar aqvs
fizikuri SesaZlebloba, gadaadgildes ama Tu im konk-
retuli teritoriis iqiT (mag. binis iqiT).Aanda saerTod
warTmeuli aqvs gadaadgilebis SesaZlebloba (mag. Mmib-
mulia xeze, Cagdebulia ormoSi).
rac Seexeba Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis Sez-

Rudvas, aq gansxvavebul mdgomareobasTan gvaqvs saqme.
kerZod, msxverpls eZleva SesaZlebloba (ra Tqma unda,
`trefikeris~ TanxmobiT), gascildes ama Tu im Semosaz-
Rvrul teritorias (magaliTad, im binas, sadac mas amyo-
feben) da gavides quCaSi, magram mas ar aqvs SesaZleblo-
ba, Tavisuflad gadaadgildes, sadac surs. Aamis mizezi
295
ki sxvadasxvaa:
a) msxverpls CamorTmeuli aqvs saidentifikacio sa-
Sualeba, ris gamoc erideba policiasTan Sexvedras;
b) ar aqvs saTanado Tanxa, raTa aiRos samgzavro bi-
leTi da gaemgzavros, sadac surs;
g) ar icis im qveynis sasaubro ena, sadac imyofeba da
a.S.
eqspluataciis msxverplT `trefikerebi~ xSir-
ad uflebas aZleven, gavidnen quCaSi da maRaziaSi
SeiZinon wvrilmani kvebis produqtebi. `trefik-
erma~ icis, rom igi iZulebulia, maleve dabrundes
ukan, radgan ara aqvs saidentifikacio saSualeba da
Tu policiam gaaCera, dakaveba ar ascdeba.
aseTi ram gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia adamianiT

vaWrobis im SemTxvevisTvis, roca msxverplis mimarT
gamoyenebulia motyuebis xerxi da man jer ar icis, rom
uweven eqspluatacias. mas hgonia, misi anazRaureba
`grovdeba bankSi~ da wasvlis dro rom dadgeba, erTbaS-
ad miiRebs `kuTvnil Tanxas~.
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudva Sesa-

Zloa, gamoyenebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSic, roca danaSau-
lis xerxad gamoyenebulia Zaladoba an muqara, anu msx-
verplma ukve icis, rom mas eqspluatacias uweven. praq-
tikaSi SesaZloa, moxdes ise, rom ZaladobiT an muqariT
damorCilebul msxverpls ki ar aRukveTon Tavisufle-
ba, aramed SeuzRudon gadaadgilebis ufleba, e.i. mis-
cen SesaZlebloba, gavides SemosazRvruli teritori-
is (magal. Senobis) gareT im pirobiT, rom gansazRvrul
dros gabrundeba ukan. msxverpli marTlac iZulebu-
lia, garkveuli `samuSaos~ Sesrulebis Semdeg ukan dab-
rundes. mis mizezi is ki araa, rom mas warTmeuli aqvs
saidentifikacio saSualeba, ara aqvs gasamgzavrebeli
296
Tanxa da a.S. aramed isaa, rom `trefikers~ mZevlad hyavs
Cagdebuli msxverplis axlo naTesavi da Tu igi droze
ar dabrunda, mZevlis sicocxles safrTxe daemuqreba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: moicavs Tu ara ada-
mianiT vaWroba mZevlad xelSi Cagdebas (iseve rogorc
Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas), Tu am dros saWiroa
qmedebis kvalifikacia danaSaulTa erTobliobiT?
Ees sakiTxi ganvixiloT Semdeg magaliTze: a-m sazRvar-

gareT motyuebiT waiyvana b. Tavis or mcirewlovan
SvilTan erTad samuSaoze (kerZod, ZiZad) mowyobis pi-
robiT. Aadgilze Casvlis Semdeg man da iq damxvedrma
sxva pirebma b. mokvlis muqariT aiZules Tanxmoba gan-
ecxadebina Tavis erT-erT SvilTan erTad yoveldRiur
maTxovrobaze. sanam b. quCaSi maTxovrobda, misi meore
Svili a-s hyavda gamoketili imis garantad, rom b. drou-
lad dabrundeboda da Caabarebda maTxovrobiT miRe-
bul Tanxas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, binaSi damwyvdeul
Svils mouklavdnen.
zemoTmoyvanili qmedeba gansxvavdeba im SemTxvevisa-

gan, roca msxverpls aiZuleben daTanxmdes eqspluata-
ciaSi Cabmaze Svilis mokvlis muqariT, rasac SeiZleba
erTjeradi xasiaTi hqondes. mocemul magaliTze ki dam-
naSaves Caketili hyavs msxverplis Svili mTeli misi eqs-
pluataciis manZilze, riTac aiZulebs mas, Seasrulos
garkveuli qmedeba daculi teritoriis gareT (quCa-
Si) – imaTxovros da fuliT xelSi dabrundes ukan. is
faqti, rom a-s msxverplis Svili gamomwyvdeuli hyavs,
faqtobriv SesaZleblobas uspobs Tavisufal sivrceSi
gasul msxverpls, gaiqces an mimarTos policias (es uka-
nasknelic did riskTanaa dakavSirebuli).
rogor unda dakvalificirdes Cadenili qmedeba?
297
udavoa, rom a-m motyuebiT gadaibira da sazRvarga-
reT gadaiyvana b., Semdeg ki muqariT (kerZod, mokvlis
muqariT) igi eqspluataciaSi Caaba, kerZod, antisazoga-
doebriv qmedebaSi – maTxovrobaSi.
amasTan, ismis kiTxva: mieces Tu ara damatebiTi kvali-

fikacia im faqts, rom a-s gamomwyvdeuli hyavda msxver-
plis Svili imis garantad, raTa quCaSi gasuli b. namd-
vilad imaTxovrebda da binaSic dabrundeboda saTana-
do TanxiT? xom ar gulisxmobs ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi mi-
TiTebuli xerxebi – muqara, Zaladoba an iZulebis sxva
forma mZevlad xelSi Cagdebasac, radgan mZevlad xelSi
Cagdeba swored rom gulisxmobs Zaladobas (mZevlis
xelSi Cagdebis saxiT), aseve muqaras mesame pirze, raTa
man Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos raime qmedeba (am SemTx-
vevaSi, Seasrulos igi – imaTxovros)?
saerTod, danaSaulis is xerxebi, rac mocemulia gansax-

ilvel normaSi (muqara, Zaladoba, TaRliToba da sxva),
ZiriTadad mimarTulia Tavad msxverplisken, visi Cab-
mac surT eqspluataciaSi. Tumca araa gamoricxuli,
zogierTi maTgani (magaliTad, Zaladoba da muqara) mi-
marTuli iyos sxva pirisken, visi bediTac daintereseb-
ulia msxverpli (misi Svili, meuRle da sxva). magaliTad,
dedisgan moiTxoven, daTanxmdes monur SromaSi Cabmas,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, emuqrebian, rom dauyonebliv
mouklaven Svils. aseTi muqara mTlianad igulisxmeba
ssk-is 1431-e muxlis SemadgenlobaSi da mas damatebiTi
kvalifikacia ar sWirdeba.
sxva viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca damnaSave drois

gansazRvrul monakveTSi (msxverplis eqspluataciis
mTel periodSi) xelT igdebs ara marto imas, visac eqs-
298
pluatacia unda gauwios, aramed sxva pirsac (mis Svils)
da mis mimarT Zaladobis muqariT aiZulebs msxverpls,
Seasrulos `trefikerisaTvis~ sasurveli qmedeba dac-
uli teritoriis gareT (am SemTxvevaSi quCaSi maTxov-
robiT), saidanac mas formalurad Tavisuflad SeuZlia
gaiqces an saSvelad mimarTos saTanado organos. Amoce-
mul SemTxvevaSi ki Svilis mZevlobis gamo igi am Sesa-
Zleblobas moklebulia. es, faqtobrivad, imas niSnavs,
rom xelyofilia aramarto eqspluataciaSi Cabmulis
Tavisufleba, Rirseba da sicocxle, aramed sxva piri-
sac (misi Svilis), rac damatebiT kvalifikacias moiTx-
ovs ssk-is 144-e muxlis Sesabamisi nawiliT.
amdenad, adamianiT vaWroba TavisTavSi gulisxmobs msx-
verplis an sxva piris Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTas
(gadamalva), magram igi ar gulisxmobs mZevlad xelSi
Cagdebas.
299
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
§ 2. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sasamarTlo

praqtikis analizi (nawili pirveli)
problemuria sakiTxi, Tu rogor esmiT sasamarTlo

praqtikaSi adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi Semadgenlo-
ba (kerZod, qmedeba, da is xerxebi, rac CamoTvlilia ssk-
is 1431-e muxlSi).
amis gasarkvevad gamogvadgeba 2006 wlis 12 ivniss Tbili-

sis saolqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
kolegiis mier ganxiluli saqme #1/a-141 zoia al-nis mi-
marT.
sasamarTlom z. al-s msjavri dasdo masSi, rom man Caid-

ina adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
agreTve motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana da miReba eqspl-
uataciis mizniT ori an meti piris mimarT da dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebu-
li jgufis mier. aseve yalbi oficialuri dokumentis
damzadebaSi daxmarebisTvis araerTgzis, e.i. danaSauli
gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~
da è~ qvepunqtiT, aseve amave muxlis me-3 nawilis à~
qvepunqtiT (2006 wlis 31 maisis redaqciiT) da 25-e, 362-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT.
sasamarTlo gamoZiebis, saqmis masalebis erToblivi Ses-

wavlisa da analizis safuZvelze sasamarTlo kolegiam
gamokvleulad da dadasturebulad cno Semdegi: `2003
wlis oqtomberSi z. al-ma, m. x-Svilma da m. al-am Seqmnes
organizebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikin-
gis) ganzraxviT. 2004 wlis ianvarSi z. al-ma da m. x-Svil-
300
ma motyuebiT ganaxorcieles n. x-Svilisa da T. p-Svilis
mimarT ukanono garigeba, maTi sazRvargareT gayvaniT
eqspluataciis (prostituciaSi Cabmis) mizniT. z. al-ma
daiyolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svili prostituciaSi Cabmis
Sedegad, saTanado sazRauris miRebis mizniT q. dubaiSi
wayvanaze, sadac maT saqmianobasa da am gziT miRebul
Semosavlebs meTvalyureobasa da kontrols gauwevda
m. al-a. aRniSnulis sanacvlod n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils
Tavdapirvelad unda gadaexadaT prostituciiT miRe-
buli mTliani Tanxa _ 4000 aSS dolari, xolo SemdegSi
ki _ Semosavlis naxevari. p-Svilsa da x-Svils erovnu-
li pasportebis aRebaSi daexmara z. al-ni, romelmac es
pasportebi gadasca m. J-s dabadebis TariRis grafaSi
maTi monacemebis gayalbebis mizniT, rac m. J-m gaayalba.
2004 wlis 5 marts T. p-Svilma da n. x-Svilma gayalbebuli

pasportebiT gadakveTes saqarTvelos sazRvari da Cav-
idnen erevanSi, xolo Semdeg èrevan-dubais~ aviareise-
biT Cafrindnen q. dubais aeroportSi, sadac erovnul
pasportebSi arsebuli yalbi monacemebis aRmoCenis
gamo 2004 wlis 10 marts deportirebul iqnen. Tbilis-
Si dabrunebisTanave z. al-ma da m. x-Svilma danaSaulis
kvalis dafarvis mizniT n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils gamo-
arTves yalbi pasportebi da gadamales.~
sabolood, z. al-s msjavri daedo masSi, rom man Caidi-

na adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
agreTve motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana da miReba eqspl-
uataciis mizniT ori an meti piris mimarT da dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebuli
jgufis mier (aseve 25-e, 362-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~
qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi).
rogorc ganaCenidan Cans, z. al-nis braldebis erT-er-
Ti Semadgenili nawili aris is, rom man Caidina adamianis
mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba.
301
saqmis masalebiT ki dadginda, rom z. al-s (aseve m. x-
Svils) q. dubaiSi wasvlaze saubari hqonda uSualod am
gogonebTan. iq cxovrebis pirobebzec maT esaubra. z.
al-s (aseve m. x-Svils) ar hqonia urTierToba sxva iseT
pirebTan, vinc SeZlebda gogonebze zemoqmedebis mox-
denas. amdenad, igi am gogonebTan Tavad awarmoebda ga-
rigebas. es ki sasamarTlom CaTvala maT mimarT ukanono
garigebad. ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi ki naTqvamia: `mis mimarT
sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba~ (`mis mimarT~ da
ara `masTan~). amdenad, ukanono garigebisas, rogorc
es zemoT ukve iTqva, danaSaulis msxverpli aris am ga-
rigebis obieqti. igi araa garigebis subieqti (monawile).
ukanono garigebis dros garigeba unda xorcielde-
bodes adamianiT movaWresa da mesame pirs (magaliTad,
msxverplis meuRles) Soris.
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT davrwmundiT, rom

umetes SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloebs `mis mimarT ukanono
garigebis ganxorcieleba~ arasworad esmiT.
amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mixedviT z. al-s msjavri

daedo aseve imaSi, rom man Caidina motyuebiT adamianis
gadayvana. Tumca sasamarTlos ar daumtkicebia, konk-
retulad, ra qmedebaSi gamoixata gogonebis motyueba,
an saidan dasturdeba, rom z. al-s maTi motyueba hqonda
ganzraxuli. rogorc dadginda, gogonebma ver CaaRwies
q. dubaimde, isini ukanve iqnen deportirebulni. maS,
saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom q. dubaiSi Casvlis SemTx-
vevaSi, maTi iq cxovreba ise ar warimarTeboda, rogorc
amas maT hpirdeboda z. al-i da razec am gogonebma Tanx-
moba ganacxades (rom maT Tavidan gadaaxdevinebdnen
4000 aSS dolars, xolo Semdeg – `Semosavlis~ naxevars)?
ganaCenSi es sakiTxi saerTod dasmulic ki araa, ubral-
od braldebis formulirebaSi naTqvamia, rom man Caidi-
302
na adamianis gadayvana motyuebiT.
motyueba ki aris am danaSaulis Cadenis erT-erTi xe-

rxi. mas adgili aqvs maSin, roca adamianiT movaWre
Segnebulad gayalbebul informacias awvdis pirs, raTa
SecdomaSi Seiyvanos da am gziT daiyolios (an gadaiy-
vanos, gadamalos da a.S.) igi. magaliTad, hpirdeba, rom
sazRvargareT moawyobs mas ZiZad, an kafeSi mimtanad,
mzareulad. sinamdvileSi ki Caiyvans mas adgilze da
iZulebiT abams prostituciaSi an sxvagvar eqspluata-
ciaSi. motyuebas adgili aqvs maSinac, roca ar umalavs,
rom Caabams prostituciaSi, magram hpirdeba prosti-
tuciiT miRebuli Tanxis garkveuli nawilis gadacemas.
sinamdvileSi ki, miiyvans ra adgilze, prostituciiT
miRebul Tanxas TviTon isakuTrebs (amdenad, im piris
motyuebac dauSvebelia, romelic Tanaxmaa, Caebas pros-
tituciaSi).
rogorc vxedavT, ganxilul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi

aseTi motyuebis faqti arafriT araa dadgenili.
aqve TvalSi sacemia ganaCenSi dafiqsirebuli bralde-

bis uCveulo formulireba: `2004 wlis ianvarSi z. al-ma
da m. x-Svilma motyuebiT ganaxorcieles n. x-Svilisa da
T. p-Svilis mimarT ukanono garigeba~.
ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs `motyuebiT ukanono garigeba~?

ukanono garigeba aris adamianiT vaWrobis obieqturi
Semadgenlobis (kerZod, qmedebis) erT-erTi niSani yid-
va-gayidvasTan erTad. am SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis xerxs
mniSvneloba ar aqvs. rac Seexeba motyuebas, igi aris
erT-erTi alternatiuli xerxi am danaSaulisa iseTi
qmedebebisTvis, rogoricaa: adamianis gadabireba, gad-
ayvana, gadamalva da a.S. (magram ara ukanono garigebi-
303
sTvis). aqedan gamomdinare, formulireba: `motyuebiT
ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba~ aris ssk-is 1431-e
muxlis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arasworad gagebis
Sedegi.
ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi mocemuli sxva xerxebi ki (rogori-

caa TaRliToba, muqara, Zaladoba, motaceba da sxva), z.
al-s saerTod bralad ara aqvs Seracxuli.
amave ganaCeniT sasamarTlo kolegiam dadasturebu-

lad cno, rom z. al-nma daiyolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svi-
li prostituciaSi Cabmis Sedegad saTanado sazRauris
miRebis mizniT q. dubaiSi wayvanaze (s.f. 188-e amave sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze).
ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs `daiyolia~? ra xerxiT daiyo-

lia da raSi gamoixata es, amaze ganaCenSi araferia naTq-
vami. Tumca, am mxriv, yuradRebas ipyrobs dazaralebu-
lisa da mowmis Cvenebebi, romelTac sasamarTlo eyrd-
noba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisas. magaliTad,
dazaralebulad cnobilma xebrelaSvilma aCvena, rom
gamgzavrebasTan dakavSirebiT mas uTanxmoeba mouvida
ojaxSi da gadaifiqra dubaiSi wasvla. Tumca z. al-ni da
m. x-Svili daemuqrnen mas da aiZules daTanxmebuliyo
gamgzavrebaze (igives adastureben T. p-Svili da mowme
S. m-Ze, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom arafers amboben
muqaraze). rogorc procesze gairkva, z. al-ma da m. x-
Svilma uTxres x-Svils, rom fuli ukve daxarjuli iyo
pasportisa da vizis gakeTebaSi da Tu igi ar wavidoda
dubaiSi, am xarjs veravin aanazRaurebda. amitomac n. x-
Svili daTanxmda gamgzavreze.
rogorc am Cvenebebidan Cans, z. al-sa da m. x-Svilis
qmedebaSi araa arc motyueba da arc muqara (aseve arc
ssk-is 1431-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva xerxi). ar-
ada dayolieba aris am danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgen-
304
lobis iseTi niSani, romelic Cadenili unda iyos am mux-
lSi CamoTvlili erT-erTi xerxiT (muqariT, motyuebiT
an sxva xerxiT). Tu dayoliebisTvis araa gamoyenebuli
1431-e muxlSi CamoTvlili erT-erTi xerxi mainc, maSin
danaSaulis Semadgenloba araa saxeze (sxva viTarebasTan
gvaqvs saqme arasrulwlovniT vaWrobisas).
amdenad, mocemul saqmeSi araa damtkicebuli adamianiT

vaWrobis arc erTi xerxi, rac aucilebelia ssk-is 1431-e
muxlis gamoyenebisTvis. es ki imas niSnavs, rom am dana-
Saulis obieqturi Semadgenloba (kerZod, xerxi) saqmis
masalebiT araa dadasturebuli.
amave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. a-ns msjavri daedo

imaSi, rom man Caidina adamianis miReba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
rogor unda gavigoT adamianis miReba eqspluataciis

mizniT?
adamianis miReba eqspluataciis mizniT aris erT-erTi

im qmedebaTagani, romlis CadeniTac SesaZlebelia am
danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis (konkretulad,
qmedebis) ganxorcieleba. adamianis miReba eqspluat-
aciis mizniT SeuZlia ganaxorcielos im pirs, visac
gadawyvetili aqvs, Tavad gauwios eqspluatacia adami-
ans. e.i. Tavad man Caabas igi iZulebiT SromaSi (da ara sx-
vas miuyvanos eqspluataciaSi Casabmelad). xSirad aseT
èqspluatatorTan~ sxvebs mohyavT ama Tu im xerxiT
ukve gadabirebuli adamiani da igi iRebs mas, raTa gau-
wios eqspluatacia.
Tuki èqspluatatori~ (`trefikeri~) adamianis gadabi-
rebisTvis Tavad iyenebs ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi miTiTebul
romelime xerxs (magaliTad, muqaras), raTa miaRwios
piris Tanxmobas eqspluataciaSi Cabmaze, mas bralad
305
unda waeyenos ara marto adamianis miReba eqspluataci-
is mizniT, aramed aseve misi gadabireba muqariT.
axla movubrundeT z. a-is saqmes. z. a-ma gogonebi gag-

zavna q. dubaiSi, sadac isini nebayoflobiT unda Cab-
muliyvnen prostituciaSi. maT saqmianobas ki meTvaly-
ureobas gauwevda m. a-eva. z. a-ni arc ki gahyolia maT.
ufro metic aranairi Sexeba maTTan momavalSi ar unda
hqonoda. igi arc am jgufis organizatorad yofila
cnobili (am jgufis organizatorad sasamarTlom cno
m. x-Svili). aseT SemTxvevaSi z. a-sa da sxva pirTa mimarT
adamianiT vaWrobis faqti dadasturebuli romc iyos,
a-is qmedeba mainc ar unda Sefasdes rogorc adamianis
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlom ise cno dadas-

turebulad mis mimarT es braldeba (adamianis miReba
eqspluataciis mizniT), rom ar dausabuTebia, Tu konk-
retulad ra qmedebaSi gamoixata igi. rodesac sisxlis-
samarTlebriv normaSi mocemulia ramdenime alterna-
tiuli qmedeba an/da alternatiuli xerxi, TiToeuli
maTganis bralad Seraxcvisas unda dasabuTdes, Tu
konkretulad raSi gamoixata igi mocemul SemTxvevaSi.
sainteresoa, Tu rogor esmiT sasamarTlo praqtikaSi

adamianiT vaWroba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier? amave saqmeSi z. a-s m. x-Svilsa da m. al-Tan erTad
brali daedo imaSi, rom man ganaxorciela adamianiT
vaWroba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier.
Tavad m. x-Svilis mimarT saqme gamoyofili iyo calke
warmoebad da mis mimarT Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-
lom 2007 wlis 28 dekembers gamoitana ganaCeni (saqme
#1/6417-07). am ganaCenis mixedviT: `2003 wlis oqtomberSi
m. x-Svilma z. a-Tan da m. al-Tan erTad Seqmna organi-
306
zebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) gan-
zraxviT~. amdenad, ganaCenis mixedviT m. x-Svili miCneu-
lia organizebuli jgufis organizatorad.
sanam SevafasebdeT sasamarTlos mier mopovebul mt-

kicebulebebs, vnaxoT, Tu rogor iyo ganmartebuli-
sisxlis samarTliskodeqsSi (2006 wlis 25 ivlisamde)
organizebuli jgufi. ssk-is 27-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi
naTqvami iyo: danaSauli organizebuli jgufis mieraa
Cadenili, Tu igi ganaxorciela pirTa myarma jgufma,
romlebic winaswar SekavSirdnen ramdenime danaSaulis
Casadenad.
amdenad, pirTa jgufis organizebul jgufad cnobisT-

vis saWiro iyo ramdenime niSani: 1. pirTa jgufi unda iyos
myari; 2. es myari jgufi winaswar unda iyos SekavSirebu-
li ara erTi, aramed ramdenime danaSaulis Casadenad.
myari jgufisTvis ki damaxasiaTebeli unda iyos ram-

denime niSani: a) pirTa jgufs hyavs xelmZRvaneli (orga-
nizatori); b) jgufidan ar xdeba wevrebis Tavisufali
denadoba; g) jgufSi wevrebis miReba xdeba maTi winas-
wari SerCeviT (da ara SemTxveviTi pirisa); d) jgufs axa-
siaTebs mkacri Sinagani disciplina, e.i. xelZRvanelis
(organizatoris) brZanebis usityvo Sesruleba; e) jgu-
fi Seqmnilia xangrZlivi droiT moqmedebisTvis.
vnaxoT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba saqmeSi mocemuli jgu-

fi am niSnebs. m. x-Svilis mimarT gamotanil zemoTxsen-
ebul ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: àRniSnuli ganzraxvis sis-
ruleSi moyvanis mizniT, 2004 wlis ianvarSi, m. x-Svilma,
masTan danaSaulebriv kavSirSi myof z. al-Tan erTad
ganaxorciela ukanono garigeba, motyuebiT n. x-Svilisa
da T. p-Svilis mimarT, sazRvargareT gayvaniT eqsplu-
307
ataciis (pristituciaSi Cabmis) mizniT. m. x-Svilma dai-
yolia n. x-Svili da T. p-Svili arabeTis gaerTianebul
emiratebSi, kerZod, q. dubaiSi wayvanaze prostituciaSi
Cabmis gziT, saTanado sazRauris misaRebad, sadac or-
ganizebuli jgufis mesame wevri _ m. al-eva maT saqmi-
anobasa da am gziT miRebul Semosavlebs meTvalyure-
obasa da kontrols gauwevda. aRniSnulis sanacvlod,
ukanono garigebisamebr, n. x-Svils da T. p-Svils orga-
nizebuli jgufis samive wevrisTvis m. x-SvilisTvis, b.
al-evasTvis da z. al-sTvis Tavdapirvelad unda gad-
aexadaT prostituciiT miRebuli mTliani Tanxa _ 4000
aSS dolaris odenobiT TiToeuls, xolo SemdgomSi ki
_ Semosavlis naxevari. imis gamo, rom dubaiSi gasamgza-
vreblad T. p-Svils da n. x-Svilas ar hqondaT erovnuli
pasportebi, m. x-Svili miTiTebiT z. a-ni daexmara maT
erovnuli pasportebis aRebaSi.
aRniSnulis Semdgom m. x-Svilisgan z. al-sTvis cnobili

gaxda, rom maTi danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis sisruleSi
moyvanas xels SeuSlida T. p-Svilisa da m. x-Svilis asaki
da m. x-Svilis miTiTebiT z. al-nma maTi pasportebi ga-
dasca m. J-s, romelmac teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyen-
ebiT gaayalba oficialur dokumentebSi T. p-Svilisa
da n. x-Svilis monacemebi dabadebis TariRis Sesabamis
grafaSi.
2004 wlis 5 marts T. p-Svilma da n. x-Svilma gayalbebuli

pasportebis meSveobiT, samarSruto taqsiT `Tbilisi-
erevani~ gadakveTes saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvari
q. erevnis mimarTulebiT, xolo Semdeg aviareisiT ère-
vani-dubai~ Cafrindnen q. dubais aeroportSi, sadac
pasportebSi arsebuli yalbi monacemebis aRmoCenis
gamo, 2004 wlis 10 marts gaukeTdaT deportacia.
308
TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave, m. x-Svilma danaSaulis kva-
lis dafarvis mizniT n. x-Svilsa da T. p-Svils CamoarT-
va pasportebi da gadamala.~
m. x-Svilze wardgenili braldebis am formulirebidan

aSkaraa, rom aq ar ikveTeba myari jgufis arseboba. am-
denad, jgufis simyare ganaCeniT araa dasabuTebuli.
braldebaSi aRwerili faqtobrivi garemoebebidan Cans,

rom qmedeba namdvilad Cadenilia pirTa jgufis mier
winaswar SeTanxmebiT (sxva sakiTxia, rom maT qmedebaSi
araa dadasturebuli am danaSaulis SemadgenlobisTvis
aucilebeli xerxi, razec zemoT ukve visaubreT). xolo
winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufurad adamianiT vaWrobos
Cadena ar gvaZlevs ssk-is 1431-e muxlis damamZimebel ga-
remoebas, igi am muxlis 1-el nawilSi igulisxmeba.
winaswar SeTanxmebuli jgufis wevrebi mocemul saqme-

Si arian m. x-Svili da z. al-ni, romlebsac uSualo kon-
taqti hqondaT dazaralebulad cnobil gogonebTan,
aseve maTi pasportis gamyalbebel m. J-sTan. rac Seexeba
jgufis me-3 wevrs, ganaCeniT aseTad miCneulia vinme m.
al-va, romelsac viTomc meTvalyureoba unda gaewia
am gogonebisTvis q. dubaiSi. sinamdvileSi ki m. al-as
pirovneba saqmeSi araa dadgenili. igi arc gamomZieb-
els da arc mosamarTles TvaliTac ar unaxavs. ufro
metic, igi Tavad dazaralebulad cnobil pirebsac
ara Tu ar unaxavT, aramed masTan satelefono an sxvag-
vari distanciuri saubaric ar hqoniaT. vinme m. al-as
monawileoba jgufSi dadasturebuladaa miCneuli mx-
olod dazaralebulad cnobili gogonebis (T. p-Svilisa
da m. x-Svilis) CvenebebiT, romlis mixedviTac z. al-ni
eubneboda maT, rom vinme m. al-as kontroli unda gaewia
maTi saqmianobisTvis q. dubaiSi.
309
amdenad, vinme m. al-as (romelic aravin uwyis, arsebobs
Tu ara sinamdvileSi) realuri monawileoba jgufSi saq-
mis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli, magram amis miuxe-
davad ganaCenSi igi moxseniebulia, rogorc danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevri.
rogorc vxedavT, saqmeSi dadgeniladaa miCneuli mx-

olod ori piris monawileoba, magram ar arsebobs mt-
kicebuleba, rom es ori pirisgan Semdgari jgufi iyo
myari da igi Seqmnili iyo ramdenime danaSaulis Casa-
denad. ufro metic, am sakiTxze arc ki msjelobs sasa-
marTlo. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom am mxriv yuradRebas
ipyrobs dazaralebulad cnobil pirTa Cvenebebi, sadac
naTqvamia: z. al-ni eubneboda maT, rom nu geSiniaT, me
sxva drosac gamigzavnia gogonebi dubaiSio.
dazaralebulTa es Cveneba araa sakmarisi imis samtkice-

blad, rom z. al-ns marTlac gaugzavnia vinme dubaiSi, an
Tu gaugzavnia, es Cadenili iyo organizebul jgufTan er-
Tad. miT umetes araa sakmarisi imis samtkiceblad, rom es
qmedeba Cadenili iyo motyuebiT, muqariT da ssk-is 1431-e
muxlSi mocemuli sxva xerxis gamoyenebiT (am xerxebis ga-
reSe ki 1431-e muxlis Semadgenloba ar arsebobs).
amdenad, z. al-isa da n. x-Svilis qmedebaSi adamianiT

vaWrobis Semadgenlobis yvela niSani dadasturebulic
rom iyos, es danaSauli organizebuli jgufis mier Ca-
denilad mainc ver CaiTvleba. ganaCenSi ki yovelgvari
mtkicebulebis gareSe naTqvamia, rom danaSauli Cad-
enilia organizebuli jgufis mier.
es ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos sasamarTloebi yvela

SemTxvevaSi ukritikod eTanxmebian qmedebis im kvali-
fikacias, rac mocemulia sabraldebo daskvnaSi.
310
praqtikis SeswavliT davrwmundiT, rom rig SemTxveva-
Si sasamarTlo ar cnobs dadasturebulad danaSaulis
Cadenas organizebuli jgufis mier da am braldebas
savsebiT samarTlianad uxsnis gansasjels.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saolqo sasamarT-

lis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa sasamarTlo kolegiis
mier 2005 wlis 31 oqtombers gamotanili ganaCeni (saqme
# 1/a_113) x. y-is mimarT, romelsac brali edeboda mas-
Si, rom man Caidina adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis
ganxorcieleba, agreTve adamianis gadayvana eqspluat-
aciis mizniT, ori piris mimarT, dazaralebulis saz-
RvargareT gayvaniT, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier (masve brali daedo TaRliTobaSi, magram bralde-
bis es nawili amjerad CvenTvis araa saintereso).
sabraldebo daskvniT saqmis faqtobrivi garemoeba

mdgomareobda SemdegSi: 2004 wlis TebervalSi x. y-lma
TurqeTSi yofnisas TurqeTis moqalaqeebTan vinme
ad-sTan da warmoSobiT marneulel vinme ninosTan er-
Tad Seqmna organizebuli jgufi adamianebiT vaWrobis
ganzraxviT. am mizniT man winaswari garigebiT zemoT-
aRniSnuli pirebisagan aiRo 3000 aSS dolari, romlis
saSualebiT, motyuebiT saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi Caiy-
vana ramdenime axalgazrda gogona, romlebic TurqeT-
Si Caabara vinme ninos da mis meuRle alis, Tavad ki
dabrunda saqarTveloSi. zemoTaRniSnulma pirebma
gogonebs waarTves pasportebi da iaraRisa da fizikuri
ganadgurebis muqariT aiZulebdnen prostitucias,
Tanxas ki Tavad iRebdnen. 13 dRis Semdeg gogonebma
moaxerxes gamoparva da Turqi samarTaldamcavi orga-
noebis daxmarebiT dabrundnen saqarTveloSi.
sasamarTlom x. y-lze wardgenili braldeba adamianebiT
311
vaWrobis nawilSi dadasturebulad cno, magram mouxsna
mas braldeba ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-3 nawilis à~ qve-
punqtiT, rogorc daudasturebeli da es daasabuTa
Semdegnairad: `marTalia, saqmeSi arsebobs dadgenile-
ba sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvrisa da saqmis calke
warmoebad gamoyofis Sesaxeb gamoZiebiT daudgenel
vinme àdamas~, `ninos~, àli~, ìeseminasa~ da sxvaTa mi-
marT (ix. t.I. s.f. 211-215), magram kolegiisTvis ucno-
bia saqmis Semdgomi samarTlebrivi Sedegi. braldebis
mxaris mier sasamarTlo procesze ar yofila warmod-
genili dasaxelebul pirTa mimarT raime konkretuli
saxis masalebi, romlebic daadasturbdnen x. y-elis mi-
marT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431-e muxlis mesame
nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT wardgenil braldebas... amdenad,
sasamarTlo kolegia ver daeTanxmeba braldebis mxaris
moTxovnas x. y-elis damnaSaved cnobis Sesaxeb ssk-is
1431-e muxlis mesame nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT, vinaidan
aRniSnulis damadasturebeli kanoniT dadgenili wes-
iT miRebuli raime mtkicebuleba ar yofila warmodge-
nili sasamarTlo procesze da aseTi ar moipoveba arc
winaswari gamoZiebis masalebSi. amasTan sasamarTlo
kolegiam ganixila konkretulad mxolod erTi piris x.
y-elis braldebis saqme.~
rogorc vxedavT, gansxvavebiT m. x-Svilis saqmisagan,

sadac sasamarTlom danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrad
CaTvala vinme al-ni (romlis vinaoba araa dadgenili), x.
y-elis saqmeze sasamarTlom ar CaTvala dadasturebu-
lad daudgenel pirTa (vinme `ninos~, àdamas~ da sxvaTa)
monawileoba adamianiT vaWrobaSi, rac udaod sworad
unda CaiTvalos.
aqve unda SevexoT erT sakiTxs. 2007 wlis 28 dekembris

zemoTxsenebul ganaCenSi m. x-Svils bralad edeba Tana-
monawileoba organizatoris saxiT yalbi oficialuri
312
dokumentis damzadebaSi araerTgzis.
saqmis masalebiT dadginda Semdegi: m. x-Svilma daureka

m. J-as da uTxra, rom masTan mividoda misi megobari zoia
da miutanda or passports, sadac dabadebis TariRebi
unda gadaesworebina, rac m. J-am Seasrula da dapirebi-
samebr miiRo 50-50 aSS dolari.
vnaxoT, ramdenad sworad aris Sefasebuli m. x-Svilis

qmedeba, rogorc Tanamonawileoba organizatoris saxiT?
organizatoria is, vinc: a) moawyo danaSaulis Cadena; b)

xelmZRvanelobda mis ganxorcielebas; g) Seqmna orga-
nizebuli jgufi; d) xelmZRvanelobda am jgufs. m. x-
Svilis qmedebaSi ki arc erTi amaTgani ar ikveTeba. m. J-a
araa cnobili im danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevrad, romlis
organizatorad miCneulia m. x-Svili. amdenad, is faqti,
rom x-Svilma mas daureka da ori pasportis gayalbeba
SesTavaza, ver CaiTvleba organizebad. x-Svili fuls da-
pirda m. J-as da amiT daiyolia dokumentis gayalbebaze.
amdenad, igi aris am danaSaulis wamqezebeli da ara or-
ganizatori. samwuxarod, aqac sasamarTlo ar asabuTebs,
Tu ratom misca man m. x-Svilis qmedebas am epizodSi or-
ganizatoris kvalifikacia. ismis kiTxva: kerZod, man
moawyo es danaSauli, Tu xelmZRvanelobda mas?
z. al-sa da m. x-Svils aseve Seracxuli aqvT adamianiT

vaWroba ori an meti piris mimarT.
Tavdapirvelad SevexoT Tavad am formulirebas: òri

an meti piris mimarT~. ramdenad sworia igi mocemul Sem-
TxvevaSi?
gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi dadgenilad

aris miCneuli, rom z. al-sa da m. x-Svils surdaT ori
313
piris gadayvana sazRvargareT. sxva mesame an meoTxe
piris mimarT msgavsi qmedeba saqmis masalebiT ar fiq-
sirdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki braldebaSi unda Caiwe-
ros: àdamianiT vaWroba ori piris mimarT~ da ara òri
an meti piris mimarT~. marTalia, ssk-is 1431-e muxliT
damamZimebeli garemoebaa ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili ori
an meti piris mimarT~, magram aseTi redaqcia kanonm-
debelma SemogvTavaza imdenad, ramdenadac realobaSi
adamianiT vaWroba SeiZleba Cadenili iyos rogorc ori,
ise meti piris mimarTac.
aq SeiZleba moviyvanoT Sedareba ssk-is 109-e muxlis

me-3 nawilis à~ qvepunqtTan _ mkvleloba ori an meti
pirisa. rodesac erTiani ganzraxviT Cadenilia ori
piris mkvleloba, mkvlels bralad unda Seeracxos `mkv-
leloba ori pirisa~ da ara òri an meti pirisa~.
marTalia, es araa principuli sakiTxi, radgan amiT ar

icvleba qmedebis kvalifikacia, magram isic faqtia, rom
braldebis formulireba unda iyos zusti da yovelg-
vari zedmeti frazebisgan Tavisufali.
mivubrundeT ufro mniSvnelovan sakiTxs. kerZod,

sakiTxavia, iyo Tu ara am SemTxvevaSi es qmedeba Cadeni-
li ori piris mimarT?
cnobilia, rom ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili ori an meti piris

mimarT~ aucileblad gulisxmobs erTiani ganzraxviT
Cadenil qmedebas. hqonda Tu ara amas adgili mocemul
SemTxvevaSi?
saqmis masalebiT dadginda, rom z. al-ma T. p-Svili da

n. x-Svili sxvadasxva dros gaicno da sxvadasxva dros
SesTavaza q. dubaiSi gamgzavreba prostituciaSi Casa-
314
bmelad, razec Tanxmoba miiRo. magram es faqti srule-
biTac ar gamoricxavs imas, rom z. al-ni maT mimarT moq-
medebda erTiani ganzraxviT (kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT,
rom am saqmeSi aris sxva arsebiTi problema. kerZod,
araa dadasturebuli motyuebis faqti, rac aucilebe-
lia ssk-is 1431-e muxliT qmedebis kvalifikaciisTvis,
magram es sxva sakiTxia da masze ukve vimsjeleT).
marTalia, adamianiT vaWroba damTavrebulia adamianis

gadabirebis momentidan, magram saqme isaa, rom am da-
naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba moicavs ramdenime
alternatiul qmedebas: gadabirebas, gadayvanas, gada-
malvas da a.S. es imas niSnavs, rom nebismieri am qmede-
baTaganis Cadena sakmarisia danaSaulis damTavrebulad
cnobisTvis. amasTanave pirma SeiZleba Caidinos ramden-
ime alternatiuli qmedeba (magaliTad, gadabireba da
gadamalva). mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. al-
ns bralad Seracxuli aqvs rogorc gadabireba, ise ga-
dayvana (sazRvargareT). gadabirebis dros igi erTiani
ganzraxviT ar moqmedebda, radgan sxvadasxva dros
gacnobili gogonebi sxvadasxva dros gadaibira. Samagi-
erod, orive maTganis sazRvargareT gadayvana moaxdina
erTiani ganzraxviT, radgan orives man gaukeTa paspor-
ti da erTad gaamgzavra. amdenad, gadayvana moxda er-
Tiani ganzraxviT ori piris mimarT.
amdenad, Cadenil qmedebas am nawilSi swori kvalifika-

cia aqvs micemuli.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas gamoikveTa, rom

zogjer (ra Tqma unda, ara yovelTvis) arasworad esmiT
adamianiT vaWroba ori an meti piris mimarT, aseve ada-
mianiT vaWroba dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
am mxriv adgili aqvs Secdomebs gamoZiebis stadiaze,
rac SemdgomSi gasworebulia sasamarTlos mier.
315
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sa-
samarTlos 2006 wlis 29 ivnisis ganaCeni o. zv-is mimarT
(saqme # 1/1341-06), romelsac sabraldebo daskvniT
sxva qmedebebTan erTad brali edeboda masSic, rom man
Caidina motyuebiT adamianis gadayvana eqspluataciis
mizniT ori piris mimarT, dazaralebulis sazRvarga-
reT gayvaniT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ori an meti piris mimarT da-

naSaulis Cadenas maSin aqvs adgili, Tu damtkicdeba,
rom damnaSave maT mimarT moqmedebda erTiani ganzrax-
viT. rac Seexeba adamianiT vaWrobas dazaralebulis
sazRvargareT gayvaniT, es unda gavigoT Semdegnairad:
a) piris (an pirTa) danaSaulebrivi qmedeba (magaliTad
gadabireba) unda daiwyos saqarTveloSi myofi (Tundac
droebiT mcxovrebi) piris mimarT. am dros mniSvnelo-
ba ar unda mieniWos imas, Tavad damnaSave fizikurad
saqarTveloSi imyofeba, Tu sazRvargareTidan axdens
zegavlenas adamianze; b) damnaSavem Tavad unda Seita-
nos wvlili adamianis sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaSi.
magaliTad, monawileoba miiRos gasamgzavrebeli doku-
mentebis SegrovebaSi (es iqneba materialuri saxsrebis
gaRebiT Tu sxvagvarad). anda Tavad unda gamoZebnos
transporti, gadaixados transportis xarjebi da a.S.
amasTan aucilebeli araa sazRvargareT gamgzavrebisas
igi Tavad axldes gadabirebul pirs, mTavaria, man uz-
runvelyos msxverplis gayvana sazRvargareT (swored
asea es sakiTxi gadmocemuli 2005 wlis evrosabWos kon-
venciaSi adamianiebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRm-
deg brZolos Sesaxeb.
rodesac saxezea winaswar SeTanxmebul pirTa jgufi,

maSin SesaZloa, es qmedebebi TiToeulma maTganma Cai-
dinos. magaliTad, erTma gadaibira, meorem _ sabuTebi
316
gaumzada, mesamem gadaiyvana sazRvargareT. am SemTx-
vevaSi yvela maTgans unda Seeracxos adamianiT vaWroba
dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
Tu zemoTxsenebuli es ori piroba erTdroulad araa

saxeze, maSin adamianiT vaWroba ar CaiTvleba Cadenilad
dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT.
mivubrundeT o. zv-is saqmes. saqmis masalebiT gairkva,

rom TurqeTis moqalaqe vinme r. z-am, igive n. os-am da
misma Turqma meuRlem (romelTa vinaoba araa dadge-
nili), TurqeTSi gaicnes saqarTvelos moqalaqe i. m-ani
da SesTavazes meZavoba. Tanac dapirdnen, rom Tanxis
did nawils mas miscemdnen. am pirobiT Caabes prosti-
tuciaSi, magram bolos Sepirebuli Tanxa ar misces da
gamoamgzavres saqarTveloSi. r. z-a dapirda, rom kuT-
vnil Tanxas momavalSi gadauxdida. amis Semdeg r. z-am
TurqeTidan daureka i. m-ans da sTxova kvlav Camo-
suliyo TurqeTSi samuSaod, Tan im kuTvnili Tanxis
micemasac dapirda. i. m-anma Tavisi xarjebiT Seagrova
sabuTebi da gaemgzavra TurqeTSi, sadac r. z-am igi Ca-
keta da aiZulebda prostitucias, fuls ki Tavad iReb-
da. bolos m-ma moaxerxa gamoparva saqarTveloSi. amis
Semdeg sxva dros kidev daureka r. z-am i. m-ans da igi
kvlav Tavisi xarjebiT Cavida TurqeTSi im imediT, rom
miiRebda Sepirebul Tanxas, magram motyuebuli darCa
da kvlad gauwies eqspluatacia, saidanac sabolood
kvlav moaxerxa wamosvla. bolos 2005 wlis ianvarSi mas
kvlav daukavSirda r. z-a da kvlav SesTavaza TurqeTSi
Casvla viTomc samuSaoze mosawyobad. imavdroulad
sTxova sxva gogonebis Cayvanac, Tanac dapirda, rom
miexmareboda axali, yalbi pasportis aRebaSi, radgan
m-ans darRveuli hqonda sasazRvro reJimi da sakuTari
pasportiT ver gadakveTda sazRvars. yalbi pasportis
317
dasamzadeblad r. z-am mas Caawerina o. zv-is telefonis
nomeri da Sepirda, rom igi daexmareboda mas yvela do-
kumentis damzadebaSi.
i. m-anma mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs gancxa-

debiT, riTac acnoba maT momxdaris Sesaxeb. daigegma
operatiuli RonisZieba da danaSaulebriv jgufSi Sey-
vanil iqna operatiuli TanamSromeli T. m-li. i. m-ani
da T. m-li Sexvdnen o. zv-s da sTxoves daxmareba yalbi
pasportis damzadebaSi, raSic zv-ma maT 1000-1000 aSS
dolari mosTxova. i. m-ma moimizeza ufuloba da sTxo-
va amjerad mxolod m-is daemzadebina pasporti. T. m-ma
zv-s gadasca sakontrolo SesyidvisTvis gamzadebuli
600 aSS dolari, xolo danarCens dapirda pasportis
damzadebis Semdeg. zv-i Tavis mxriv daukavSirda vinme
levans (romlis vinaoba daudgenelia), romelsac kav-
Siri hqonda sapasporto samsaxuris mrCevel i. p-SvilT-
an, romelmac daumzada T. m-s yalbi pasporti, romlis
m-ze gadacemisas isini daakaves.
rogorc vxedavT, arc erT epizodSi r. z-as ar mouxde-

nia m-is gadayvana sazRvargareT, radgan Tavdapirvelad
gadabireba da eqspluataciaSi Cabma moxda Tavad Turqe-
Tis respublikaSi. Semdgom epizodebSi ki r. z-a mxolod
urekavda mas TurqeTidan da sTxovda Casvlas. i. m-i ki
sakuTari xarjebiT amzadebda saWiro dokumentebs da
damoukideblad miemgzavreboda TurqeTSi.
zemoTmiTiTebul ganaCenSi sasamarTlom samarTlianad

moxsna braldebidan adamianiT vaWrobis damamZimebeli
garemoeba _ sazRvargareT gayvaniT, Tumca unda iTqvas,
rom ar dausabuTebia, ratom miiRo es gadawyvetileba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, o. zv-s sabraldebo daskvniT brali
edeboda aseve adamianiT vaWrobaSi ori piris mimarT.
sasamarTlom mas es braldebac sruliad samarTlianad
318
mouxsna, Tumca samwuxarod arc esaa dasabuTebuli gan-
aCenSi.
am SemTxvevaSi ori piris mimarT adamianiT vaWrobaze

saubaric ki zedmetia, radgan meore piri _ T. m-li ar
yofila am danaSaulis msxverpli da arcaa cnobili
aseTad (sxva sakiTxia, rom Tavad i. m-is mimarTac am
danaSaulis Cadena saqmis masalebiT araa dadasture-
buli, razec cota qvemoT gveqneba saubari). T. m-li iyo
policiis operatiuli TanamSromeli, romlis mizani
iyo danaSaulebrivi faqtis gamovlena. gamomdinare aqe-
dan, saqmeSi ar arsebobs ori msxverpli, rac aucilebe-
lia qmedebis am damamZimebeli garemoebiT kvalifikaci-
isTvis. amdenad, zedmetia saubari imaze, hqonda Tu ara
adgili qmedebis Cadenas erTiani ganzraxviT.
sabolood sasamarTlom o. zv-is qmedeba gadaakvali-

ficira ssk-is 1431-e muxlis pirvel nawilze. kerZod
brali dasdo imaSi, rom man Caidina adamianis mimarT
ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve motyuebiT
adamianis gadayvana.
ismis kiTxva: vin gadaibira da gadaiyvana man motyue-

biT? ratom CaiTvala i. m-ni misi qmedebis msxverplad?
am kiTxvaze sabraldebo daskvnaSi arc erTi instanci-
is sasamarTlo ganaCenebSi (es saqme saapelacio wesiT
ganxilul iqna 2007 wlis 20 Tebervals _ saqme # 1/ b-
2068-06) araa pasuxi.
saqmis masalebiT dadgenilia, rom i. m-ni r. z-am gaicno

TurqeTSi da misi Turqi meuRlis daxmarebiT araerTx-
el Caaba igi prostituciaSi. o. zv-s am saqmeSi aranairi
monawileoba ar miuRia. m-s igi TvaliTac ar unaxavs.
maTi Sexvedra pirvelad moxda mxolod 2005 wlis ian-
varSi T. m-Tan erTad dagegmili operatiuli RonisZie-
319
bis Sesabamisad. isic unda iTqvas, rom am SemTxvevaSic m-
nma moimizeza ra ufuloba, z-sTan saubrisas uari Tqva
sazRvargareTis pasportis damzadebaze da mas mxolod
m-sTvis sTxova am pasportis damzadeba, rac zv-ma sxva
piris meSveobiT Seasrula. xatovnad rom vTqvaT, m-ani
am SemTxvevaSi `gavida TamaSidan~.
maS, riT udasturebs sasamarTlo zv-s adamianiT

vaWrobas?
orive instanciis sasamarTlos amis mtkicebulebad

mohyavs i. m-is Cveneba, rom man 1997-98 wlebSi TurqeTSi
gaicno r. z-a, romelmac mas garkveuli gasamrjelos
safasurad sxeuliT vaWroba SesTavaza. r. z-a masTan
saubarSi xSirad axsenebda oTaris da eubneboda, rom
sanam oTari qalebs ar gamoagzavnida TurqeTSi, mana-
mde is aq unda yofiliyo. man r. z-gan icoda, rom oTari
saqarTvelodan qalebis gadmoyvanaSi exmareboda da
oTaris am saqmidan Tavisi wili mihqonda.
is faqti, rom sasamarTlo ZiriTadad eyrdnoba am Cven-

ebas, swored rom kuriozad unda CaiTvalos, radgan:
a) saqmeSi ar arsebobs imis utyuari mtkiceba, rom

vinme r. z-a namdvilad eubneboda amas i. m-s;
b) gamoZiebiT dadgenili araa z-as (anu nato os-as)
pirovneba. anu daudgenelia, arsebobs (an arsebobda)
Tu ara sinamdvileSi aseTi pirovneba;
g) magram es yvelaferi dadgenilic rom iyos, es ve-
ranairad daadasturebs imas, rom zv-ri monawileob-
da m-is eqspluataciaSi. igi SeiZleba monawileobda
viRac sxva gogonebis eqspluataciaSi, Tuki isini
marTlac Cahyavda TurqeTSi am ganzraxviT da amaSi
wilsac iRebda, magram sasamarTlom aseTi erTi faq-
320
ti varaudis donezec ki ver daadgina.
d) sasamarTlos yuradReba ar miuqcevia im faqtisT-
vis, rom r. z-am m-s 1997-98 wlebSi SesTavaza sxeuliT
vaWroba da Caaba igi prostituciaSi. meored igi r. z-
sTan TurqeTSi Cavida daaxloebiT erTi wlis Semdeg
(e.i. 1999 wels). bolo Casvla moxda 2004 wels, magram
am dros igi Tavisi nebiT da sakuTari xarjiT Cavida.
ssk-is 1431-e muxli ki sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi
SemoRebuliqna 2003 wlis 6 ivnisis kanoniT. e.i. mana-
mdeli qmedebebis am muxliT kvalifikacia SeuZlebe-
lia.
amdenad, saqmeSi ikveTeba mxolod eWvi, rom SesaZloa

zv-ri odesRac monawileobda daudgeneli pirebis eqs-
ploataciaSi.
sabolood ki gamovida ase: radgan gamoZiebam da sasa-

marTlom aseTi faqtebi zv-is mimarT ver daadgina da
ratomRac verc TurqeTSi mcxovrebi r. z-as pirovneba
daadgina (romlis meuRlis saxeli da gvaric cnobili
iyo), amitomac i. m-is eqspluataciisTvis pasuxisgebaSi
misca swored o. zv-i, romelsac aranairi Sexeba i. m-isa
da r. z-as arc erT etapze ar hqonia.
rac Seexeba i. m-is motyuebiT gadayvanisa da prostitu-

ciaSi Cabmis faqts, aqac unda iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom
ukritikod miiRo misi Cveneba, rom igi motyuebiT Caabes
prostituciaSi da Sepirebuli fulis gadauxdelad
gamouSves saqarTveloSi. sasamarTlos kritikulad
unda Seefasebina Tavad m-is Cveneba, romlis mixedvi-
Tac, igi samjer iyo TurqeTSi da aqedan orjer wavida
r. z-Tan sakuTari xarjebiT. Tuki igi r. z-am moatyua
erTxel, ratom wavida masTan meored? mesamed?
ganxilul saqmeSi aris sxva Secdomac. kerZod, o. zv-s

321
bralad Seracxuli aqvs aseve yalbi pasportis damzade-
ba _ ssk-is 362-e muxli da es kvalifikacia ar Secvlila
arc erTi instanciis sasamarTlo ganaCeniT. saqme isaa,
rom zv-s Tavad ar daumzadebia yalbi pasporti, igi araa
am danaSaulis amsrulebeli. saqmis masalebiT dadginda,
rom igi daukavSirda vinme levans, romelic Tavis mxriv
daukavSirda sapasporto samsaxuris TanamSromel i. p-
Svils, romelmac daamzada es yalbi pasporti. amdenad,
zviadauri iyo samsaxurebrivi siyalbis (341-e muxli)
Tanamonawile, kerZod, damxmare. amitom misi qmedeba
unda dakvalificirdes ssk-is 25-e, 341-e muxliT da ara
362-e muxliT. sasamarTlom ki i. p-Svili pasuxisgebaSi
misca ssk-is 341-e muxliT _ samsaxurebrivi siyalbiT
(ix. Tbilisis gldani-naZaladevis raionuli sasamarT-
los 2005 wlis 11 Tebervlis ganaCeni _ saqme # 1/290-05),
rogorc am qmedebis amsrulebeli, xolo o. zv-i _ 362-e
muxliT, aseve rogorc amsrulebeli.
gamodis, rom es yalbi pasporti uSualod orives (p-

Svils da zv-s) daumzadebia maSin, roca z-urs pasportis
damzadebis procesTan araviTari Sexeba ar hqonia (da
verc eqneboda, radgan ar iyo saTanado organizaciis
TanamSromeli). sasamarTlos es kvalifikacia aSkarad
ewinaaRmdegeba ssk-is 25-e muxlis me-6 nawils, sadac
weria: iseT danaSaulSi TanamonawileobisTvis, romlis
amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswineb-
uli Sesabamisi danaSaulis specialuri subieqti, pirs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba
rogorc organizators, wamqezebels an damxmares.
i. p-Svilis mier Cadenilia danaSauli (samsaxurebrivi

siyalbe), romlis amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod
specialuri subieqti (moxele an masTan gaTanabrebuli
piri) da amdenad, o. zv-is qmedeba unda dakvalificird-
322
es am danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobad (am SemTxvevaSi dax-
marebad).
sasamarTlo praqtikis gacnobiT tendenciis saxiT gam-

oikveTa Semdegi garemoeba: adamianiT vaWrobis msx-
verplTa didi nawili daxmarebisTvis mimarTavs ucxo
qveynis (umetesad, TurqeTis) xelisufalT da amxels
damnaSaveebs. amis Semdeg xdeba dazaralebulTa gadmoy-
vana saqarTveloSi, sadac iwyeba Zieba, magram sisxlis-
samarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi arasodes araa micemuli is
moqalaqe, romelic cxovrobs TurqeTSi. mis vinaobas
ratomRac ver adgenen. sisxlissamarTlebriv pasux-
isgebaSi aZleven mxolod im Tanamonawiles, romelic
cxovrobs saqarTveloSi. amdenad, adamianiT vaWrobis
ZiriTadi bude, ZiriTadi qmedebis saTave xeluxlebeli
rCeba, ris gamoc am kategoriis danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg
brZola Sedegiani ver iqneba.
adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlebriv

brZola Sedegiani rom iyos, saxelmwifoebma ufro metad
unda isargeblon saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobiT. amas-
Tan ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanili unda iyos e.w. daniS-
nulebis qveyanaSi moqmed pirTa mxilebaze.
rogoria qmedebis kvalifikacia, roca saxezea erTdrou-

lad ramdenime damamZimebeli garemoeba, romlebic gaT-
valiswinebulia mocemuli normis (am SemTxvevaSi ssk-is
1431-e muxlis) sxvadasxva nawilebSi, magaliTad, me-2,
me-3 da me-4 nawilebSi?
es sakiTxi problemuria ara marto sasamarTlo praq-

tikaSi, aramed doqtrinaSic. ganvixiloT igi ssk-is
1431-e muxlis magaliTze.
323
doqtrinaSi araa sadao, rom ama Tu im muxlis meore
nawili, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia igive qmedeba rome-
lime damamZimebeli garemoebiT (magaliTad, jgufurad)
Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs amave muxlis pirvel nawil-
sac, rogorc am danaSaulis ZiriTad Semadgenlobas.
amitom, roca saxezea romelime muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoeba, qmedebis
kvalifikacia unda moxdes am muxlis me-2 nawilis Ses-
abamisi qvepunqtiT. magaliTad, Tu Cadenilia adamianiT
vaWroba damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qa-
lis mimarT, qmedebis kvalifikacia moxdeba ssk-is 1431-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis áà~ qvepunqtiT (da ara 1-li da me-2
nawilis erTobliobiT). Cvens mier Seswavlil sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebze es sakiTxi sworadaa gagebuli da
sasamarTlo Secdomebi ar fiqsirdeba.
ufro sadaoa sakiTxi, roca erTdroulad saxezea am

muxlis me-2 da me-3, an me-3 da me-4, anda me-2, me-3 da me-4
nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoe-
bebi. rogori unda iyos qmedebis kvalifikacia am SemTx-
vevaSi?
sainteresoa qarTvel swavlul iuristTa Sexeduleba

am problebaze. prof. o. gamyreliZis azriT (romelic
am sakiTxs ixilavs ssk-is 137-e muxlis magaliTze), mux-
lis pirveli nawili qmedebis zogadi Semadgenlobaa da
amitom ar SeiZleba misi erTobliobis wesiT dakvali-
ficireba amave muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 da me-5 nawilebiT
aRweril SemadgenlobebTan. erTobliobiT SeiZleba da-
kvalificirdes 137-e muxlis mxolod me-2, me-3, me-4 da
me-5 nawilebiT aRwerili Semadgenlobebi68.
68
ix. sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari:
danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis Tavi XXII-XXIV, gamomc. `meridiani~, Tb., 2008,
gv. 30.
324
amdenad, prof. o. gamyreliZe mxars uWers qmedebis er-
TobliobiT kvalifikacias roca piris qmedebaSi saxezea
muxlis me-2, me-3, me-4 an me-5 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
damamZimebeli garemoebebi, magram gamoricxavs muxlis
pirvel nawilTan misi meore, mesame an sxva nawilebis er-
TobliobiT kvalifikacias.
sainteresoa am sakiTxze prof. g. naWyebias mosazreba.

isic mxars uWers qmedebis kvalifikacias erTobliobiT,
roca saxezea mocemuli muxlis ramdenime damamZime-
beli garemoeba, magram amave dros xazs usvams imas, rom
am dros xelovnurad iqmneba danaSaulTa erToblioba.
kerZod, igi wers: àmrigad, qurdoba, rogorc konkre-
tuli danaSaulis saxeoba SeiZleba praqtikulad ganx-
orcieldes misi konkretuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT,
magram kanonmdebeli sasjelis gamoyenebis interesbis
gamo qurdobas sam danaSaulad acxadebs. marTlac, Tu
magaliTad, pirma erTdroulad Caidina qurdoba mniS-
vnelovani zianiT da amave dros binaSi, sadgomSi an sxva
sacavSi SeRweviT, maSin qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes
177-e muxlis meore da mesame nawilebiT. maSasadame, sax-
ezea danaSaulTa erToblioba. magram ra vuyoT im faqts,
rom qurdoba erTi danaSaulia?... rogorc vxedavT, qur-
dobis praqtikuli Cadena xdeba konkretul Semadgenlo-
baTa Sesabamisad, xolo xsenebuli muxlis sam nawilad
dayofam da TiToeuli nawilis Sesabamisi sasjeliT aR-
Wurvam xelovnurad Seqmna danaSaulTa erTobliobis
SesaZlebloba, maSin, rodesac qurdoba arsebiTad erTi
danaSaulia. aseTi siZnele iqmneba Zarcvis, yaCaRobisa
da zogierTi sxva danaSaulisa da maTi Semadgenlobebis
mimarTebis sakiTxSic. magram saqme isaa, rom kanonmde-
beli am gzas adgas dasasjelis interesebis gamo da es
bunebrivicaa, Tumca am TvalsazrisiT kanonSemoqmede-
bis problema vrcel msjelobas moiTxovs...~69
69
ix. guram naWyebia, qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaci-
325
rogorc vxedavT, erTdroulad ramdenime damamZime-
beli garemoebis arsebobisas qmedebis kvalifikaciis
sakiTxi metad problemuria ara marto Teoriuli, ar-
amed praqtikuli kuTxiTac.
vnaxoT, Tu rogoria sasamarTlo praqtika am mimarTe-

biT. swored aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme Cven mier
ganxilul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi z. aloianis
mimarT, romelsac 2006 wlis 12 ivniss, Tbilisis saolqo
sasamarTlos ganaCeniT msjavri daedo ori an meti piris
mimarT adamianiT vaWrobaSi da sazRvargareT gayvanaSi.
2006 wlis 31 maisis redaqciiT ssk-is 1431-e muxlSi es
damamZimebeli garemoebebi mocemuli iyo am muxlis me-2
nawilis à~ qvepunqtSi da me-3 nawilis à~ qvepunqtSi.
sasamarTlom misi qmedeba daakvalificira ssk-is 1431-
e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebis Sesabamisi qvepunqtebis
erTobliobiT. aseve dakvalificirda m. x-Svilis qmede-
ba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier 2007 wlis 28
dekembris ganaCeniT.
aseTi kvalifikacia ar unda CaiTvalos sworad, radgan

igi qmnis ramdenime problemas. aqedan pirveli aris is,
rom aseTi kvalifikacia marTlac xelovnurad qmnis da-
naSaulTa erTobliobas, radgan erToblioba saxezea
mxolod maSin, roca piris erTi qmedebiT (idealuri er-
Toblioba) an ramdenime qmedebiT (realuri erToblio-
ba) ganxorcielebulia sxvadasxva danaSaulis Semadgen-
loba. meore problema ki ukavSirdeba sasjelis daniSv-
nas (razec aqve cota qvemoT gveqneba saubari). rogorc
Cans, es faqti gaiTvaliswina Cvenma kanonmdebelma da
Sesabamisi muxlebis imgvari redaqcia SemogvTavaza,
romliTac gamoricxa msgavsi SemTxvevbis danaSaulTa
erTobliobiT kvalifikacia. kerZod, ssk-is 1431-e mux-
is zogadi Teoriis Sesavali, naw. pirveli, gamomc. ìn-

teleqti~, Tb., 2000, gv. 84-85.
326
lis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmede-
ba, Cadenili~ da ara àdamianiT vaWroba, Cadenili~ da
Semdeg CamoTvlilia qvepunqtebi. es imas niSnavs, rom
ara marto me-2 nawili moicavs pirvel nawils, rogorc
ZiriTad Semadgelobas, aramed yoveli momdevno nawili
TavisTavSi moicavs wina nawilebs. ase magaliTad, am
muxlis me-3 nawili moicavs 1-el da me-2 nawilebs; me-4
nawili ki _ 1-el, me-2 da me-3 nawilebs. am muxlis me-4
nawilSi es azri ufro dakonkretebulia, radgan misi
dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: àm muxlis pirvel, me-2
da me-3 nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba~ da Semdgom
CamoTvlilia qvepunqtebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos z. al-isa da m. x-Svi-

lis qmedeba unda daekvalificirebina ssk-is 1431-e mux-
lis mxolod me-3 nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT. maTze wardge-
nili braldebis formulirebaSi ki unda daefiqsirebi-
na orive damamZimebeli garemoeba (ori piris mimarT da
sazRvargareT gayvaniT).
ismis kiTxva: Tuki msgavs qmedebebs davakvalificirebT

ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT, ratom niS-
navs es qmedebis kvalifikacias danaSaulTa erToblio-
biT, maSin roca faqtobrivad Cadenilia erTi danaSauli
_ adamianiT vaWroba?
aseTi kvalifikaciiT rom namdvilad iqmneba dana-

SaulTa erToblioba, es gamomdinareobs ssk-is me-16
muxlis pirveli nawilis redaqciidan, sadac weria: da-
naSaulTa erToblioba niSnavs am kodeqsis muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli ori an meti qmede-
bis Cadenas, romelTagan piri arc erTisTvis ar yofi-
la msjavrdebuli (realuri erToblioba). danaSaulTa
erTobliobad iTvleba agreTve iseTi qmedebis Cadena,
327
romelic Seicavs am kodeqsis ori an meti muxliT an
muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa niSnebs
(idealuri erToblioba).
rogorc vxedavT, ssk-is me-16 muxlSi, sadac mocemu-

lia danaSaulis realuri da idealuri erTobliobis
cneba, kanonmdebeli sagangebod miuTiTebs ara marto
muxlebis erTobliobaze, aramed muxlis nawilebis er-
Tobliobazec. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu piris qmedebas
davakvalificirebT mocemuli muxlis ori sxvadasxva
nawiliT, es niSnavs imas, rom misi qmedeba dakvalificir-
da danaSaulTa erTobliobiT.
kvlav ismis kiTxva: mere da ra problemaa, Tuki qmedebis

kvalifikacia aseT SemTxvevaSi moxdeba danaSaulTa er-
TobliobiT?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad gamogvadgeba ssk-is 59-e

muxlis pirveli nawili, sadac mocemulia sasjelTa
daniSvnis wesi danaSaulTa erTobliobisas. kerZod, aq
naTqvamia: `danaSaulTa erTobliobis dros sasjeli in-
iSneba TiToeuli danaSaulisTvis da saboloo sasje-
lis daniSvnisas xdeba maTi Sekreba~ (adre moqmedi kano-
ni moiTxovda maT mTlian Sekrebas). sxva raime daTqma aq
ar fiqsirdeba. anu kanonmdebeli raime gamonakliss ar
awesebs idealuri erTobliobis dros sasjelis daniS-
vnisas. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tuki qmedebas ssk-is 1431-e
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebis erTobliobiT davakvali-
ficirebT, maSin sasjeli pirs cal-calke unda daeniS-
nos me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT da Semdeg unda moxdes maTi
Sekreba imis miuxedavad, saxezea realuri Tu idealuri
erToblioba. es aris 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis imper-
atiuli moTxovna. arada sasjelis amgvari wesiT daniS-
vna analogiur SemTxvevebSi ar iqneba samarTliani, rad-
gan, rogorc ukve vTqviT, Cadenilia erTi umarTloba
328
_ adamianiT vaWroba. saTvalavSia misaRebi isic, rom
dReisTvis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulTa er-
Tobliobisas sasjelTa STanTqmis wesi ar arsebobs.
swored es garemoeba gaiTvaliswina Cvenma kanonmde-
belma da ssk-is 1431-e muxlis (aseve bevri sxva muxleb-
is) konstruqcia ise aago, rom yoveli momdevno nawili
(radgan igi iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~) STanTqavs
wina nawilebs.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavdapirvelad, roca dRes moqme-

di sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida, es sakiTxi
sakanonmdeblo doneze ar iyo saTanadod mogvarebuli.
amis dasturia ssk-is Sesabamisi muxlebis maSindeli re-
daqcia. ase magaliTad, ssk-is 177-e muxli Sedgeboda sami
nawilisgan da me-2 nawili iwyeboda sityvebiT: ìgive
qmedeba~. xolo mesame nawilis dispoziciaSi naTqvami
iyo: `qurdoba, Cadenili~ (da ara ìgive qmedeba, Cade-
nili~) da Semdeg CamoTvlili iyo Sesabamisi damamZime-
beli garemoebebi. es ki imas niSnavda, rom 177-e muxlis
me-3 nawili STanTqavda mxolod pirvel nawils, magram
ara meores.
igive mdgomareoba iyo ssk-is 178-e, 182-e, 1137-e, 138-e

da sxva muxlebSi. magram SemdgomSi kanonmdebelma
Secvala am muxlebis damamZimebel garemoebaTa redaq-
cia da yoveli axali damamZimebeli garemoeba daiwyo
sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~, riTac xazi gausva imas, rom
yoveli Semdgomi damamZimebeli garemoeba STanTqavs
yvela winas da ara marto pirvel nawils, rogorc Ziri-
Tad Semadgenlobas. amitomac qmedebis kvalifikacia
nawilebis erTobliobiT araa saWiro. Tumca kvlav vime-
orebT imas, rom braldebis formulirebaSi unda dafiq-
sirdes uklebliv yvela makvalificirebeli garemoeba.
es aucilebelia, radgan:
329
a) isini mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli sasjelis
Sefardebisas;
b) SesaZloa, sasamarTlom pirs mouxsnas braldeba
ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (an me-4 nawiliT).
aseT SemTxvevaSi misi qmedeba advilad gadakvali-
ficirdeba amave muxlis me-2 nawilis (an me-3 naw.) im
qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli gare-
moebiT, rac dafiqsirebuli iyo braldebis formu-
lirebaSi.
igive viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme ssk-is sxva muxlebSic,

romelTa konstruqciac analogiuradaa agebuli. magal-
iTad, ssk-is 143-e, 177-e, 178-e, 179-e da sxva muxlebSi.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, es sakiTxi Tavidan ar iyo mogva-
rebuli sakanonmdeblo doneze da Semdeg mogvarda. amis
miuxedavad, unda iTqvas, rom sisxlis samarTlis kode-
qsSi mainc gvxvdeba iseTi muxlebi, romelic am Tvalsaz-
risiT redaqciulad gaumarTavia. magaliTad SeiZleba
davasaxeloT ssk-is 261-e, 262-e da 264-e muxlebi.
kerZod, ssk-is 261-e muxli Sedgeba oTxi nawilisagan.

pirveli da meore nawili erTmaneTisgan danaSaulis
sagniT gansxvavdeba (fsiqotropuli nivTiereba, Zli-
ermoqmedi nivTiereba). mesame da meoTxe nawilebSi ki
mocemulia damamZimebeli garemoebebi. amis miuxeda-
vad, me-4 nawilis dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: àm mux-
lis pirveli an me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmede-
ba, Cadenili~. rogorc vxedavT, aq araa dafiqsirebuli
me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, rac qmnis imis
STabeWdilebas, rom me-4 nawili moicavs pirvel da me-2
nawils, magram ar moicavs me-3 nawils. sinamdvileSi ki
ar arsebobs obieqturi safuZveli aseTi daskvnisTvis.
ratom ar arsebobs? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisTvis
unda movaxdinoT ssk-is 261-e da 260-e muxlebis Se-
dareba. am or muxls Soris gansxvaveba mxolod dana-
330
Saulis saganSia (260-e muxlSi sagani aris narkotikuli
nivTiereba, misi analogi, prekursori), danaSaulis Se-
madgenlobis sxva niSani ki erTmaneTs emTxveva. ssk-is
260-e muxli sam nawiliania da redaqciulad isea age-
buli, rom yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas.
amave dros 260-e muxli ufro mZime danaSaulia (igi aris
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli), vidre 261-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli (igi naklebad mZime da-
naSaulia). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulis yoveli momdevno damamZimebeli garemoeba
moicavs winas, SeuZlebelia igive Sinaarsis naklebad mZ-
ime danaSaulis (rogorc vTqviT, isini mxolod danaSau-
lis sagniT gansxvavdebian) yovelma momdevno damamZime-
belma garemoebam ar moicvas wina garemoeba da qmedebis
kvalifikacia moxdes nawilebis erTobliobiT.
amdenad, qmedebis ssk-is 161-e muxliT kvalifikaciisas

me-3 da me-4 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli
garemoebebis arsebobisas, kvalifikacia unda moxdes
am muxlis me-4 nawiliT (da ara me-3 da me-4 nawilis er-
TobliobiT). amdenad, ssk-is 261-e muxlis me-4 nawilis
dasawyisi redaqciul daxvewas moiTxovs. kerZod, mas
unda Caematos sityvebi: àn mesame nawiliT’.
am TvalsazrisiT unda ganvixiloT ssk-is 262-e da 264-e

muxlebis redaqciac.
ssk-is 262-e da 264-e muxlebi (Sesabamisad, saqarTvelo-

Si narkotikuli saSualebis ukanono Semotana, gatana
an tranzitiT saerTaSoriso gadazidva; narkotikuli
saSualebis marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTreba an gamo-
Zalva) dReisTvis Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan. me-2 nawili
iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili~. xolo am
muxlebis me-3 nawilis dasawyisi ki formulirebulia
331
Semdegnairad: àm muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili~. aqac, iseve, rogorc ssk-
is 261-e muxlis SemTxvevaSi, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom
me-3 nawili moicavs am muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils,
magram ar moicavs mis me-2 nawils, rac yovelgvar logi-
kas moklebulia.
ratom moxda ase?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema advili iqneba, Tu SevadarebT

ssk-is 262-e da 264-e muxlebis redaqcias im redaqcia-
sTan, rac arsebobda am kodeqsis (1999 wlis 22 ivliss
miRebuli kodeqsis) ZalaSi Sesvlisas. kerZod, maSin es
muxlebi Sedgeboda sami nawilisgan da is damamZimebeli
garemoebebi, rac dRes me-3 nawilSia mocemuli (samsax-
urebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; araerTgzis; imis
mier, visac winaT Cadenili aqvs kodeqsis am TaviT gaT-
valiswinebuli romelime danaSauli), gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyo am muxlebis me-2 nawilSi. 2006 wlis 28 aprilis
kanonis mixedviT am muxlebma ganicada cvlileba da
oTxnawiliani gaxda. kerZod, me-2 nawils CamoSorda zo-
gierTi damamZimebeli garemoeba da gadatanil iqna me-3
nawilSi. xolo me-3 nawilSi arsebuli damamZimebeli ga-
remoeba gadavida me-4 nawilSi. amdenad, me-2 nawilidan
Seiqmna me-3 nawili, magram meore nawilis dispoziciis
dasawyisis formulireba gauazreblad da meqanikurad
iqna gadatanili me-3 nawilis dispoziciis dasawyisSi.
kerZod, me-3 nawilSic meqanikurad Caweres: àm muxlis
pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili~.
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ssk-is 262-e da 264-e mux-
lebis me-3 nawilis dispoziciis dasawyisi aris amave
muxlebis me-2 nawilebis redaqciis zegavleniT miRebu-
li `CarCenili~ varianti, rac unda gaswordes.
332
aqve unda iTqvas Semdegi: Cveni es mtkiceba ise ar unda
gavigoT, TiTqos saerTod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
muxlebSi yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs mis wina
nawils. Cvens kodeqsSi aris araerTi muxli, romelic
Sedgeba ramdenime nawilisgan, magram momdevno nawili
ar STanTqavs winas. magaliTad, ssk-is 131-e muxli (Sid-
sis Seyra) Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan, saidanac muxlis
me-2 nawili (sxvisTvis Sidsis ganzrax Seyra), rogorc
Sedegiani danaSauli, STanTqavs 1-el nawils (sxvisT-
vis Sidsis ganzrax Seyris safrTxis Seqmna), rogorc
safrTxis deliqts, radgan igulisxmeba, rom sanam pirs
sxvisi qmedebiT Sidsi Seeyreba, manamde mas amave qmedeb-
iT (magaliTad, sqesobrivi kavSiriT) eqmneba misi Seyris
safrTxe.
sul sxva viTarebaa amave muxlis me-3 nawilis mimarT

(sxvisTvis Sidsis gaufrTxileblobiT Seyra profe-
siuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas). gansxvavebiT am mux-
lis 1-eli da me-2 nawilebisagan, me-3 nawili aris gau-
frTxilebeli danaSauli, amitom igi ar STanTqavs am
muxlis pirveli nawils (ganzrax safrTxis Seqmnas) da
miT umetes arc me-2 nawils (Sidsis ganzrax Seyras). es
imas niSnavs, rom Tu medicinis muSakis gaufrTxilebel
qmedebas Sedegad ar mohyva Sidsis Seyra, misi qmedeba ar
dakvalificirdeba ssk-is 131-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT,
radgan aq aucilebelia ganzraxva safrTxis mimarT. med-
icinis muSakis aseTi gaufrTxilebeli qmedeba (Sedegis
gareSe) mxolod disciplinuri gadacdomaa.
am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxis gadawyveta SedarebiT advilia,

radgan 131-e muxlis 1-el da me-2 nawilSi saqme gvaqvs
ganzrax danaSaulTan, xolo me-3 nawilSi _ gaufrTx-
ilebel danaSaulTan. magram Cvens sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi gvaqvs iseTi muxlebi, romlebic ramdenime
333
nawilisgan Sedgeba. yvela maTgani ganzraxi danaSau-
lia, magram amis miuxedavad, muxlis momdevno nawili ar
STanTqavs wina nawils. saamisod gamodgeba ssk-is 2271-e
da 2272-e muxlebi.
ssk-is 2271-e muxli (wylis xomaldis naosnobisTvis sa-

SiSroebis Seqmna) xuTi nawilisgan Sedgeba da yvela maT-
gani ganzraxi danaSaulia. Sesabamisad, 2272-e muxli sam
nawiliania da yvela maTgani ganzraxi danaSaulia. ufro
metic, yovel momdevno nawilSi sanqcia sagrZnoblad
mkacrdeba. yovelive amis miuxedavad, am muxlebis mom-
devno nawilebi ar STanTqavs mis wina nawils. ase magal-
iTad, 2271-e muxlis 1-eli nawili gulisxmobs wylis
xomaldisTvis ganzrax cru informaciis gadacemas, ri-
Tac saSiSroeba eqmneba wylis xomaldis naosnobas (konk-
retuli safrTxis deliqti). amave muxlis me-2 nawili _
wylis xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg ganxorciele-
buli Zaladoba an Zaladobis muqara, riTac SeiZleba
safrTxe Seeqmnas wylis xomaldis naosnobas (aseve konk-
retuli safrTxis deliqti), marTalia, ufro mkacri
sanqciiTaa aRWurvili, magram igi mainc ar STanTqavs
pirvel nawils. amis mizezi araa is, rom me-2 nawilis dis-
pozicia ar iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~. amis mizezi
sxvaa. kerZod, am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs
sruliad sxva qmedebas (xomaldisTvis ganzrax cru in-
formaciis gadacemas), xolo amave muxlis me-2 nawili ki
aseve sxva qmedebas (xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg
Zaladoba an Zaladobis muqara). am qmedebaTa Semadgen-
loba Tavisi arsiT sruliad gansxvavebulia, isini araa
dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, meore qmedeba araa pirve-
lis (cru informaciis gadacemis) logikuri gagrZele-
ba, maT erTmaneTTan ara aqvT logikuri kavSiri, maTi
ganxorcieleba erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad xdeba.
kerZod, xomaldze myofi piris winaaRmdeg Zaladobis
334
an muqaris ganxorcielebisTvis araa saWiro winaswar am
xomaldisTvis cru informaciis gadacema. amdenad, aq
saxezea mocemuli danaSaulis sxvadasxva Semadgenloba,
romlebsac ara aqvT logikuri kavSiri erTmaneTTan.
amitom Tuki Cadenilia am muxlis rogorc pirveli, ise
me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, kvalifikacia
unda mixdes pirveli da me-2 nawilTa erTobliobiT.
igive iTqmis ssk-is 2271-e muxlis me-3 nawilze _ saz-

Rvao-sanavigacio danadgaris dazianeba an maTi funq-
cionirebisTvis xelis SeSla, riTac saSiSroeba eqmneba
wylis xomaldis naosnobas. es qmedeba Tavis TavSi ar
moicavs am muxlis arc 1-li da arc me-2 nawiliT gaT-
valiswinebul qmedebebs, radgan igi araa maTi logikuri
gagrZeleba _ misi Cadena damoukideblad SesaZlebelia.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, am qmedebebis Cadena erTmaneTis-
gan damoukideblad xdeba. es qmedebebi TavianTi arsiT
sruliad gansxvavebulni arian. maT saerTo aqvT mxolod
is, rom safrTxes uqmniansisxlis samarTlisdacvis erTi
da igive obieqts (wylis xomaldis naosnobas).
igive viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme ssk-is 2272-e muxlSi.
amdenad, imis gasarkvevad, muxlis momdevno nawili

STanTqavs Tu ara winas, unda vixelmZRvaneloT ara mar-
to imiT, iwyeba Tu ara momdevno nawilis dispozicia si-
tyvebiT: ìgigve qmedeba~, anda imis garkveviT, aris Tu
ara momdevno nawilis sanqcia ufro mkacri, aramed imis
garkveviTac, aris Tu ara momdevno nawilSi mocemuli
qmedeba wina qmedebis logikuri gagrZeleba (magali-
Tad, muxlis me-3 nawili xom araa me-2 nawilis logikuri
gagrZeleba).
aqedan gamomdinare, unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos
335
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi SesaZloa gvqondes iseTi
normebi, romlebic ramdenime nawilisgan Sesdgeba da
yoveli momdevno STanTqavs winas imis miuxedavad, rom
momdevno nawilis dispozicia ar iwyeba sityvebiT: ìg-
ive qmedeba~. amis magaliTad gamodgeba ssk-is 236-e mux-
li, romlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebulia sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba cecxlsasroli (da
sxva iaraRis) marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenisa da Senax-
visTvis. amave muxlis me-2 nawiliT ki _ cecxlsasroli
iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tarebisTvis.
imis miuxedavd, rom am muxlis me-2 nawili ar iwyeba si-

tyvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~, igi mainc STanTqavs pirveli
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas _ cecxlsasroli
iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenas an Senaxvas. am-
denad, roca damtkicdeba, rom piri marTlsawinaaRm-
degod atarebda iaraRs, es qmedeba TavisTavSi moicavs
am iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenasac, aseve Senax-
vasac, radgan iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tareba aris
misi SeZenis logikuri gagrZeleba (jer unda SeiZino,
rom ataro). rac Seexeba tarebas, igi TavisTavSi moicavs
Senaxvasac (rogor atareb rames, Tu igi sadme – jibeSi,
CanTaSi an sxvagan ara gaqvs Senaxuli?). miTiTebuli
qmedebebi dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan. e.i. iaraRis
marTlsawinaaRmdego tarebas, rogorc wesi, win uZRvis
misi marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena. xolo Senaxva, masSi
TavisTavad igulisxmeba.
amdenad, qmedebis kvalifikacia am SemTxvevaSi unda

moxdes mxolod ssk-is 236-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT (da
ara pirveli da me-2 nawilebis erTobliobiT). ssk-is
236-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi sityvebi: ìgive qmedeba~ gra-
matikulad ver Cajdeba da swored redaqciuli moux-
erxeblobis gamo kanonmdebelma uari Tqva masze (yov-
336
lad gaumarTavi iqneboda 236-e muxlis aseTi redaqcia:
pirveli nawili _ ìaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi SeiZleba Segxvdes gamonaklisi
SemTxveva, roca iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego tare-
bas ar uZRvis misi SeZena an Senaxva. magaliTad, a-m amx-
anag b-s, romelic quCaSi manqaniT seirnobda, gadasca
SefuTuli nivTi, droebiT Sesanaxad da SeuTanxmda,
rom dRis bolos miakiTxavda saxlSi da ukan gamoarT-
mevda. b-a ramdenime saaTis Semdeg SemTxveviT naxa, rom
es nivTi cecxlsasroli iaraRi iyo. igi mixvda, rom a-s
undoda mosalodneli pasuxismgeblobisgan Tavis daR-
weva, radgan im dros quCaSi gaZlierebuli patrulireba
mimdinareobda. man amis miuxedavad, ar Caabara es iara-
Ri saTanado organoebs da arc gadaagdo sadme, aramed
gaagrZela manqaniT moZraoba. aq saxezea iaraRis marTl-
sawinaaRmdego tareba, magram mas win ar uZRvis misi mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, radgan b-s Tavidan ar hqonda
gacnobierebuli, rom amxanagma mas iaraRi gadasca.
aseTi SemTxvevebi aratipuria da amgvari yuriT moTreu-

li kazusebisTvis kanonmdebeli ar qmnis sisxlissa-
marTlebriv normas. sisxlissamarTlebrivi norma iqm-
neba tipuri SemTxvevebisTvis, romelsac mowesrigeba
sWirdeba.
garda amisa, aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi sxva garemoebac.

kerZod: ssk-is 236-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebulia erTiani
danaSauli alternatiuli qmedebebiT. anu am muxlis
pirvel, meore da mesame nawilSi mocemulia alternati-
uli qmedebebi, romlebic kanonmdebels SeeZlo am mux-
lis pirvel nawilSi gaeTvaliswinebina ise, rogorc amas
adgili aqvs narkotikuli danaSaulTa TavSi (260-e da
261-e muxlebi) da daewesebina erTiani sasjeli. vinaid-
an 236-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sagani
337
aris mometebuli safrTxis wyaro (zogierTi maTgani ki
mravaljeradi gamoyenebisaa), kanonmdebelma es alter-
natiuli qmedebebi TavianTi saSiSroebis xarisxis mixed-
viT 236-e muxlis sxvadasxva nawilebSi gadaajgufa da
gansxvavebuli sanqcia dauwesa. Aamdenad, am qmedebebze
sasjelis dakisreba kanonmdebelma ar miando sasamarT-
los (rogorc amas adgili aqvs ssk-is 260-e muxlSi). Aase
magaliTad, iaraRis tarebisTvis muxlis me-2 nawiliT
ufro mkacri sanqciaa dawesebuli, vidre misi SeZenisa
da SenaxvisaTvis. Aaseve iaraRis gasaRebisTvis (me-3 naw.)
_ ufro mkacri sanqcia, vidre misi tarebisTvis.
amdenad, 236-e muxlis dayofa sam nawilad ar niSnavs

imas, rom aq saxezea danaSaulis sxvadasxva Semadgenlo-
ba, aramed aq saxezea erTiani danaSauli alternatiuli
qmedebebiT (erTi da igivea danaSaulis sagani, misi am-
srulebeli da sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti).
Aamitom muxlis yoveli momdevno nawili (pirveli, ,eore
da mesame) moicavs zeda nawilebs da saWiro araa qmede-
bis kvlifikaciisas yvela nawilze miTiTeba.
Tuki guldasmiT SeviswavliT saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlebs,
iseT SemTxvevebsac aRmovaCenT, roca muxli Sedgeba
ramdenime nawilisgan, amasTan yoveli momdevno nawili
aris misi gansakuTrebiT damamZimebeli garemoeba da
amis miuxedavad es gansakuTrebiT damamZimebeli ga-
remoeba STanTqavs mxolod mocemuli muxlis pirvel
nawils, magram ara danarCen nawilebs. amis magaliTad
gamogvadgeba ssk-is 137-e da 138-e muxlebi, romlebic
xuT-xuTi nawilisgan Sedgeba. amasTanave me-2, me-3 da
me-4 nawilebis dispozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive
qmedeba~, xolo me-5 nawilis dispozicia ki formuli-
rebulia Semdegnairad: `gaupatiureba, imisa, visac ar
338
Sesrulebia 14 weli~ (ssk-is 137-e muxlis me-5 nawili) da
Sesabamisad: `seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi mo-
qmedeba, Cadenili imis mimarT, visac ar Sesrulebia 14
weli~ (ssk-is 138-e muxlis me-5 nawili).
ratom SemogvTavaza kanonmdebelma am muxlebis me-5

nawilebSi aseTi formulireba? aq xom Tavisuflad Sei-
Zleboda Caweriliyo: ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili ToTxmet
wels miuRwevlis mimarT~? (iseve, rogorc es mocemulia
am muxlebis me-3 nawilis `d~ qvepunqtSi _ ìgive qmede-
ba, arasrulwlovnis mimarT~)?
saqme isaa, rom kanonmdebelma 137-e da 138-e muxlebis

me-5 nawilebis amgvari redaqciiT gamoxata Tavisi neba,
rom mcirewlovnis gaupatiureba STanTqavs 137-e mux-
lis mxolod pirvel nawils, magram ara danarCenebs.
amitom Tuki mcirewlovnis gaupatiurebas Tan axlavs
am muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli sxva damamZimebeli gare-
moeba (magaliTad, igi Cadenilia jgufurad), qmedebis
kvalifikacia unda moxdes 137-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
à~ qvepunqtiTa da me-5 nawilebis erTobliobiT (igivea
138-e muxlTan mimarTebaSic). rogorc Cans, kanonmde-
belma mcirewlovnis mimarT ZaladobiTi sqesobrivi da-
naSauli imdenad saSiS qmedebad CaTvala, rom ramdenime
damamZimebeli garemoebis arsebobisas mizanSewonilad
miiCnia aseTi SemTxvevebis gansakuTrebuli simkacriT
dasja (sasjelis daniSvna danaSaulTa erTobliobis
wesiT).
rasakvirvelia, aseTi kvalifikaciiT xelovnurad iqmne-

ba danaSaulTa erToblioba, radgan gaupatiureba erTi
danaSaulia (erTiani umarTlobaa), ramdeni damamZime-
beli garemoebac ar unda axldes mas, magram sasamarTlo
ver gadaabijebs kanonmdeblis nebas, romelic am SemTx-
339
vevaSi araorazrovnadaa gamoxatuli. Teoriul planSi
ki am sakiTxze dava ar iqneba azrs moklebuli.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi gansakuTrebiT saintere-

soa ganzraxi danaSaulis iseTi Semadgenlobebi, rom-
lebic ramdenime nawiliania da amasTanave yovel nawils
mosdevs Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli Semadgen-
loba. aseTia ssk-is 117-e muxli (janmrTelobis ganzrax
mZime dazianeba), romelic rva nawilisgan Sedgeba. aqe-
dan, yoveli momdevno nawili (me-2, me-4, me-6 da me-8 naw.)
kvalificirebulia Tanamdevi SedegiT, rac formuli-
rebulia Semdegnairad: ìgive qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia
sicocxlis mospoba~. am Sedegis mimarT igulisxmeba
gaufrTxilebloba. am muxlis me-3, me-5, me-7 nawilebSi
ki mocemulia janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebis
damamZimebeli garemoebebi (kvalificiuri Semadgenlo-
ba). amasTan am nawilebis dispoziciis dasawyisi formu-
lirebulia Semdegnairad: `janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime
dazianeba, Cadenili~ (da ara ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili~).
aseT viTarebaSi ismis kiTxva: xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom

ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-3, me-5 da me-7 nawilebi moicavs
am muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils (rogorc ZiriTad Se-
madgenlobas), magram me-5 nawili ar moicavs aseve me-3
nawils, anda me-7 nawili ar moicavs me-3 da me-5 nawils?
sxavgvarad rom vTqvaT, xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom Tuki
adgili eqneba janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebas,
rac Cadenilia sxvadasxva damamZimebel garemoebebSi
(magaliTad, mZevlad xelSi CagdebasTan dakavSirebiT,
jgufurad da araerTgzis) qmedeba unda davakvali-
ficiroT ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-3, me-5 da me-7 nawilebis
Sesabamisi qvepunqtebiT?
am kiTxvas Semdegi pasuxi unda gaeces: ssk-is 117-e mux-
340
lis yoveli is momdevno damamZimebeli garemoeba, rac
Cadenilia ganzrax, moicavs im wina damamZimebel ga-
remoebas, rac aseve ganzraxaa Cadenili. kerZod, me-3
nawili moicavs pirvels; me-5 nawili _ pirvelsa da me-
sames; me-7 nawili _ pirvels, mesamesa da mexuTes. gan-
saxilvel normaSi damamZimebeli garemoebebi imitom
ar iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~, rom aseT SemTx-
vevaSi igi STanTqavda zemoT mocemul gaufrTxilebel
Sedegsac (sicocxlis mospobas), rac ar iqneboda gama-
rTlebuli, radgan Tuki sikvdili gamoiwvia me-3 nawil-
iT gaTvaliswinebul damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cade-
nilma janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebam, qmedeba
unda dakvalificirdes ssk-is 117-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT
(da ara me-3 nawiliT).
amdenad, ssk-is 117-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ramden-

ime damamZimebeli garemoebis arsebobisas qmedeba unda
dakvalificirdes yvelaze mZime damamZimebeli nawilis
Sesabamisi qvepunqtiT, xolo braldebis formulire-
baSi ki unda dafiqsirdes rogorc ZiriTadi Semadgen-
loba, ise yvela damamZimebeli dagemoeba.
sabolood, zemoTganxiluli SemTxvevebi SeiZleba davy-

oT ramdenime jgufad:
1. roca ssk-is kerZo nawilis mocemuli muxlis yoveli

momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas, radgan maTi dis-
pozicia iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba, Cadenili~;
2. yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs winas imis miuxe-
davad, rom igi ar iwyeba sityvebiT: ìgive qmedeba~,
radgan yoveli momdevno nawiliT gaTvaliswinebu-
li qmedeba aris am wina nawilSi mocemuli qmedebis
logikuri gagrZeleba;
3. muxlis momdevno nawili ar STanTqavs winas, radgan
341
es qmedebebi Cadenilia bralis sxvadasxva formiT
(magaliTad, me-2 nawilis qmedeba ganzraxia, xolo
me-3 nawilisa _ gaufrTxilebeli), anda imitom, rom
momdevno nawilSi mocemulia privilegiuri Semad-
genloba (am danaSaulis Semamsubuqebeli garemoe-
ba);
4. marTalia, momdevno nawili moicavs am danaSaulis
gansakuTrebiT damamZimebel garemoebas, magram amis
miuxedavad, igi ar STanTqavs mis wina nawilebs, igi
STanTqavs muxlis mxolod pirvel nawils, rogorc
am danaSaulis ZiriTad Semadgenlobas (ssk-is 137-e
muxlis me-5 n.awili);
5. yoveli momdevno nawili STanTqavs wina nawilebis
mxolod im Semadgenlobas, romelic Cadenilia gan-
zrax (magaliTad, ssk-is 117-e muxli).
mivubrundeT z. al-isa da m. x-Svilis saqmes. sainteresoa,

rogori wesiT dauniSna maT sasjeli sasamarTlom?
z. al-ns, romlis mimarT ganaCeni dadga 2006 wlis 12
ivniss, ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~ da è~ qvepun-
qtiT miesaja Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 8 wliT. xolo amave
muxlis me-3 nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT _ Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa 12 wliT.
sabolood ssk-is 59-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sa-

samarTlom gamoiyena STanTqmis principi (romelic ma-
Sin jer kidev ar iyo gauqmebuli) da sabolood mosaxde-
lad ganusazRvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 12 wliT.
rac Seexeba m. x-Svils, mis mimarT ganaCeni dadga 2007

wlis 28 dekembers, roca sasjelTa STanTqmisa da nawi-
lobriv Sekrebis wesi ukve gauqmebuli iyo. sasamarT-
lom, romelmac qmedeba daakvalificira 1431-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawilebis erTobliobiT, sasjeli Seufarda
342
mxolod me-3 nawiliT da miusaja T. a. 13 wlis vadiT (ig-
ive wesiT daeniSna sasjeli g. g-Zes, romelsac Tbili-
sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier 2007 wlis 19 Tebervals
msjavri daedo ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT, 239-e
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT. kerZod, 239-e muxlis mi-
marT sasamarTlos orive nawilisTvis erTiani sasjeli
daniSna _ saqme # 1/6060-06).
es ganaCeni samarTliania, magram araa kanonieri. samar-

Tliania im TvalsazrisiT, rom erTi umarTlobisTvis
sasjeli araa daniSnuli danaSaulTa erTobliobis wes-
iT da igi araa Sekrebili. ganaCeni araa kanonieri, radgan
ar Seesabameba ssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis moTx-
ovnas, romlis mixedviTac danaSaulTa erTobliobis
dros (am SemTxvevaSi qmedeba danaSaulTa erTobliobiT
iyo dakvalificirebuli) sasjeli iniSneba TiToeuli
danaSaulisTvis da saboloo sasjelis daniSvnisas xde-
ba maTi Sekreba.
rogorc vxedavT erT saqmeSi monawile sxvadasxva gan-

sasjelis mimarT sasjelebis daniSvna moxda sxvadasxva
wesiT (z. al-s igi daeniSna 1431-e muxlis rogorc me-2, ise
me-3 nawilebiT, xolo m. x-Svils mxolod me-3 nawiliT)
da es moxda imis gamo, rom adgili ar hqonoda sasjelis
xelovnurad gabervas. sasamarTlo iZulebuli gaxda
daerRvia ssk-is 59-e muxlis pirveli nawilis moTxovna.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, momavalSic rom ar eqnes ad-

gili msgavs SemTxvevas da daniSnuli sasjeli iyos
rogorc samarTliani, aseve kanonieri, gamosavali aris
erTi: aseT SemTxvevaSi qmedebis kvalifikacia unda
moxdes muxlis mxolod im nawiliT, romelic iTval-
iswinebs yvelaze mkacr sasjels. Tu am wess davicavT,
xelovnurad ar Seiqmneba danaSaulTa erToblioba da
343
sasamarTlos ar mouwevs sasjelis daniSvna ssk-is 59-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis moTxovnis gverdis avliT (ar
mouwevs kanonis darRveva).
problemuria sakiTxi: riT gansxvavdeba adamianiT

vaWroba (1431-e muxli) prostituciaSi Cabmisagan (253-e
muxli)? sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT gamovlinda
SemTxveva, rodesac prostituciaSi Cabma Sefasebulia
rogorc adamianiT vaWroba. kerZod:
2006 wlis 10 agvistos Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos

ganaCeniT (saqme # 1/4263-06) z. m-is mimarT dadgenilad
da dadasturebulad iqna miCneuli, rom man Caidina
ssk-is 1431-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT da 373-e muxlis
me-2 nawiliT (magram es ukanaskneli braldeba CvenTvis
saintereso araa da mas ar SevexebiT) gaTvaliswineb-
uli danaSauli. kerZod, adamianiT vaWroba (trefik-
ingi), rac gamoixata adamianis mimarT ukanono garige-
bis ganxorcielebaSi iZulebiT, SantaJiT, motyuebiT,
adamianis gadabireba eqspluataciis mizniT, aseve da-
naSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb cru dasmena, rac gamoixata
SemdegSi: z. m-i kanonier qorwinebaSi iyo n. k-SvilTan.
maT hyavdaT ori Svili. 1997 wels man gadawyvita, pros-
tituciaSi Caeba misi meuRle da am saqmianobidan miRe-
buli SemosavliT erCina ojaxi. es ganzraxva man gaando
meuRles, romelmac Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZno da
or mcirewlovan SvilTan erTad sacxovreblad gada-
vida dedasTan. igi oTxi Tvis Semdeg dabrunda saxlSi im
imediT, rom meuRle ar aiZulebda mas meZavobas.
z. m-ma saxlSi dabrunebuli meuRle motyuebiT, TiTqos-

da samsaxuris moZiebis mizniT gaiyvana Tbilisis rkinig-
zis sadguris mimdebare teritoriaze, sadac gaacno iq
myofi meZavebi. saubrisas metrevelma n. k-Svils uTxra,
344
rom meZavi dReSi Soulobda imdens, ramdensac igi TveSi
da kvlav SesTavaza meZaoba, uaris SemTxvevaSi ki dae-
muqra Svilebis warTmeviT. aRniSnulis gamo col-qmars
Soris kvlav warmoiSva konfliqti da saxlSi misul
meuRles m-ma kvlav miayena sityvieri da fizikuri Seu-
racxyofa.
meore dRes man saxlSi moiyvana megobris sayvareli qali,

romelic Rame maTTan darCa da gamTeniisas m-is saxlidan
wasvlis Semdeg n. k-Svils meZaoba SesTavaza, ris gamoc
k-Svilma igi saxlidan gaagdo. daaxloebiT erT saaTSi
saxlSi dabrunda nasvami z. m-i, romelmac cols dauwyo
cema da muqara, raTa daeyoliebina prostituciaze, rac
SesZlo kidec da meore dRes k-Svili iZulebiT miiyvana
abanoSi klientTan Sesaxvedrad. am dRis Semdeg m-li
cemiTa da SantaJiT aiZulebda meuRles meZaobas da
dahyveboda rogorc suteniori, xolo k-Svilis eqsplu-
ataciiT miRebul Tanxas xarjavda piradi Sexedulebi-
samebr.
sabolood, sasamarTlom m-is qmedeba Seafasa ssk-is

1431-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
saqmis masalebiT da sasamarTlo gamoZiebaze gamokv-

leuli mtkicebulebebiT m-is qmedebaSi ar ikveTeba
adamianiT vaWroba. mivyveT braldebis formulirebas
etapobrivad:
1. mas bralad edeba, rom Caidina adamianis mimarT

ukanono garigeba.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, adamianis mimarT ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebisas garigebis msxverpli
araa am garigebis monawile (subieqti), aramed igi
aris am garigebis obieqti, e.i. garigeba mimdinareobs
adamianiT movaWresa da me-3 pirs Soris, rasac moce-
345
mul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonia.
2. mas bralad Seracxuli aqvs aseve iZulebiT, Santa-
JiT, motyuebiT adamianis gadabireba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
daviwyoT motyuebidan.
m-s colis eqspluataciaSi CabmisTvis motyuebis xerxi

saerTod ar gamouyenebia. rac Seexeba imas, rom man mo-
tyuebiT waiyvana igi rkinigzis sadgurze da gaacno
meZavi, romelmac mas meZaoba urCia, es faqti ar Sei-
Zleba CaiTvalos motyuebis xerxad, radgan motyuebiT
sadgurze miyvanilisTvis ar aRukveTiaT Tavisufleba
da ar CaubiaT prostituciaSi. man moismina ra erT-erTi
meZavis rCeva, ar miiRo igi da Tavisuflad dabrunda
saxlSi.
raime sxva saxis motyuebas k-Svilis mimarT adgili ar

hqonia.
axla SevafasoT m-is mier gamoyenebuli iZulebis (cemis)

da SantaJis faqtebi. es faqtebi saqmis masalebiT mar-
Tlac dadasturebulia, magram igi ver gamodgeba misi
qmedebis ssk-is 1431-e muxliT kvalifikaciisTvis, rad-
gan:
a) dazaralebul k-Svilis da mowmeTa CvenebebiT
dadasturda, rom m-li, marTalia, aiZulebda cols
prostitucias, `klientebisagan~ gadaxdil fuls
Tavad iRebda, magram am fuls isini ojaxs axmardnen,
m-li piradi miznebisTvis ar xarjavda mas. fuls imi-
tom ar aZlevda k-Svils, rom eSinoda, sayvareli ar
gaeCina da fuli misTvis ar mieca.
TviT sasamarTlos mier formulirebul bralde-

baSi garkveviT weria: `z. m-ma ganizraxa prostitu-
346
ciaSi Caeba misi meuRle n. k-Svili da am saqmianobi-
dan miRebuli SemosavliT erCina ojaxi.~ Tumca imave
ganaCenSi aseve weria: `...xolo k-Svilis eqspluat-
aciiT miRebul Tanxas xarjavda piradi Sexedulebi-
samebr.~
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis es ori monakveTi ewi-

naaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amasTanave, ganaCenSi mar-
Talia, mtkicebulebad moyvanilia k-Svilisa da sxva
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romelsac sasamarTlo eyrd-
noba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisas, magram
ratomRac es Cvenebebi araa Sefasebuli im nawilSi,
riTac dgindeba, rom fuls isini xarjavdnen ojaxis
saWiroebisTvis.
aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom `piradi Sexedulebisame-

br~ fulis daxarjva ar niSnavs `piradi miznisTvis~
mis daxarjvas, piradi Sexedulebisamebr fuli Sei-
Zleba daixarjos ojaxis miznebis Sesabamisad.
b) saqmis masalebiT aseve utyuaradaa dadgenili, rom
n. k-Svils Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SesaZlebloba
ar hqonda aRkveTili, ufro metic, SezRudulic ki
ar hqonda. igi Tavisuflad gamodioda qalaqSi, man-
qanaSi ujdeboda ucxo mamakacebs (`klientebs~) da
mihyveboda maT. mas arc piradobis damadasturebeli
dokumenti hqonda warTmeuli. k-Svils nebismier
dros Tavisuflad SeeZlo, miemarTa samarTaldam-
cavi organoebisTvis saSvelad.
amdenad, m-is qmedebaSi araa adamianiT vaWrobis subieq-

turi Semadgenloba _ eqspluataciis mizani, risi arse-
bobac am SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia. amitom misi qmedebis
1431-e muxliT kvalifikacia uxeS Secdomad unda CaiT-
valos. misi qmedeba sasamarTlos unda daekvalificire-
bina ssk-is 253-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT _ prostitu-
347
ciaSi Cabma ZaladobiT da SantaJiT. marTalia, ssk-is
1431-e muxlic gulisxmobs prostituciaSi Cabmas da Cab-
mis xerxebic nawilobriv emTxveva 253-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebul xerxebs, magram maT
1. prostituciaSi Cabmuls aRkveTili an SezRuduli

aqvs Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba:
2. prostituciis Sedegad miRebuli `Semosavali~ ga-
dadis eqspluatatoris (trefikeris) xelSi da igi
mas sakuTari miznis dasakmayofileblad iyenebs.
amdenad, aq danaSaulis msxverpli gamoyenebulia sx-
visi gamdidrebis saSualebad.
rac Seexeba ssk-is 253-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul dana-

Sauls, igi ar gulisxmobs aseT SemTxvevebs. z. m-is qmede-
ba swored rom emTxveva am danaSaulis Semadgenlobas,
radgan man ZaladobiT da SantaJiT aiZula meuRle Cab-
muliyo prostituciaSi da am gziT erCina ojaxi, rom-
lis wevri Tavad n. k-Svilic iyo.
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT gamovlinda SemTx-

veva, roca msjavrdebulze Seracxuli brali ara marto
dausabuTebelia, aramed Tavad braldebis formulire-
ba redaqciulad gaumarTavia.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba 2006 wlis 20 ivliss Tbili-

sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCeni
(saqme # 1/4279-06) n. g-is mimarT, romelsac brali daedo
masSi, `rom man Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi),
e.i. adamianis mimarT ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba,
motyuebiT misi gadabireba da gadamalva eqspluataciis
miRebis mizniT.~
braldebis am formulirebaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs fra-

za: èqspluataciis miRebis mizniT.~ es formulireba
348
ara marto azrobrivad gaumarTavia, aramed ar Seesabam-
eba ssk-is 1431-e muxlis dispozicias, sadac dafiqsireb-
ulia danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis erT-erTi
aucilebeli niSani _ eqspluataciis mizani. eqsplu-
atacia niSnavs sxvisi Sromis nayofis miTvisebas, yvle-
fas.70 aqedan gamomdinare, eqspluataciis mizani niSnavs
sxvisi Sromis nayofis miTvisebis mizans.
rac Seexeba, èqspluataciis miRebis mizans~, igi sruli

tavtologiaa, radgan iSifreba ase: `sxvisi Sromis nay-
ofis miTvisebis miRebis mizani~. radgan miTviseba igive
miRebaa, gamodis `miRebis mizani~.
g-ze wardgenili es braldeba sityva-sityviT meordeba

Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 26 Teberv-
lis ganaCenSi (saqme # 1/b-2708-06).
garda am redaqciuli uzustobisa, aRniSnul ganaCenebs

sxva arsebiTi xasiaTis xarvezi aqvT. kerZod, saqmis ma-
salebiT sruliad dausabuTebelia g-is mier bestaevas
motyuebiT prostituciaSi Cabmis faqti. saqmis arsi
mdgomareobda SemdegSi: saqarTvelos moqalaqem n. g-ma
2004 wlis oqtomberSi dabadebis dReze gaicno s. b-va,
romelsac ramdenime Sexvedris Semdeg SesTavaza maR-
alanazRaurebadi samsaxuri TurqeTSi, razec uari mi-
iRo, radgan b-as gagonili hqonda, rom g-vi TurqeTSi
gogonebs abamda prostituciaSi da Semdeg yovelgvari
anazRaurebis gareSe agdebda saqarTveloSi (es dadg-
inda ara marto b-as, aramed mowmeTa CvenebebiT).
amdenad, b-Tvis ukve cnobili iyo, rom g-vi mas prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmas upirebda da Tanac usasyidlod.
70
ix. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeu-
li, nakv. pirveli, mT. rd. arn. Ciqobava, Tb., 1990, gv. 487.
349
amis Semdeg s. b-va misi nacnobi T. d-Zis rCeviT gaemgza-
vra TurqeTSi, sadac d-Zem igi miiyvana vinme m-Tan, sa-
dac cxovrobda ramdenime dRe.
saqmis masalebiT (maT Soris Tavad b-vas CvenebiT) dadge-

nilia, rom d-Zem gaafrTxila b-va, rom amave qalaqSi cx-
ovrobda g-vi da Tavi unda moeridebina misTvis, Torem
Tuki sadme Sexvdeboda, igi ar daindobda da Caabamda
prostituciaSi, Tanac fulsac ar gadauxdida.
amdenad, b-vam erTxel kidev miiRo informacia imis Ses-
axeb, Tu ra Canafiqri hqonda g-vs mis mimarT.
SemdgomSi movlenebi viTardeba ase: erTxel quCaSi

seirnobisas maT marTlac SexvdaT g-vi, romelmac roca
gaigo, rom b-va m-Tan cxovrobda, daiwyo Cxubi da gineba,
Tan wamoayena pretenziebi, rom s. b-va iyo misi gadabire-
buli da ratom cxovrobda m-Tan. m-s miayena Seuracxyo-
fa da daemuqra kidec. amitom m-m urCia s-s, gadasuliyo
g-Tan, Torem igi mas mosvenebas ar miscemda. m-s da T-s
rCeviT s. b-va sacxovreblad gadavida g-vTan.
amdenad, aSkaraa, rom b-va sacxovreblad Tavisi nebiT

gadavida g-vTan, Zala misTvis aravis dautanebia. igi
arc motyuebiT iyo gadayvanili, radgan winaswar icoda,
Tu ra hqonda ganzraxuli g-vs. amis miuxedavad, saqmeSi
arsebuli mtkicebulebebis sawinaaRmdegod, ganaCenSi
vkiTxulobT: `2005 wlis ivlisis TveSi, TurqeTSi, q.
axCagojaSi yofnisas n. g-vi SemTxveviT Sexvda vinme m-
sTan stumrad myof s. b-vas, ra drosac kidev erTxel
SesTavaza maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuri. sabolood,
man motyuebiT SeZlo b-vas gadabireba. gadaiyvana igi
sakurorto zona `puzurSi~, CamoarTva pasporti, riT-
ac aRukveTa Tavisufali gadaadgilebis saSualeba da
gadamala amave sakurorto zonaSi mocilebiT mdebare
ukacriel adgilas, samsarTuliani kotejis me-3 sar-
350
Tulze mdebare e.w. mansardSi. ori kviris manZilze sa-
kuTari gamorCenis mizniT g-vi e.w. `klientebisagan~
miRebuli Tanxis sanacvlod aiZulebda seqsualuri ka-
vSiri daemyarebina dReSi 5-6 mamakacTan.~
saidan gakeTda daskvna, rom g-vma motyuebiT SeZlo

b-vas gadabireba? anda saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom
quCaSi Sexvedrisas g-vma kidev erTxel SesTavaza b-vas
maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuri da am winadadebis zegav-
leniT daTanxmda igi, gadasuliyo masTan sacxovreblad
maSin, roca Tavad b-va da d-Ze sxva rames adastureben?
saocari isaa, rom sasamarTlos mtkicebulebad moyvani-
li aqvs maTi Cvenebebi, magram arasworad afasebs am
CvenebaTa Sinaarss. ufro metic, amaxinjebs maT.
Tuki sasamarTlom dadasturebulad cno is faqti, rom

g-vma Zalis gamoyenebiT Caketa b-va da waarTva mas pas-
porti, maSin adamianiT vaWrobis xerxad miCneul unda
iyos Zaladoba da ara motyueba. rogorc vxedavT, sa-
samarTlo logikur winaaRmdegobaSi moeqca.
g-vas aseve Seracxuli aqvs àdamianis mimarT ukanono

garigebis ganxorcieleba~. aqac iseve, rogorc zemoT
ganxilul SemTxvevebSi, unda iTqvas, rom adgili ar
hqonia adamianis (bestaevas) mimarT ukanono garigebas,
radgan molaparakeba g-vs orive SemTxvevaSi hqonda
Tavad b-sTan: jer saqarTveloSi _ TurqeTSi wayvanis
Sesaxeb, xolo Semdeg TurqeTSi _ masTan sacxovre-
blad gadmosvlis Sesaxeb. amdenad, b-va iyo maT Soris
garigebis monawile (subieqti) da ara obieqti.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas aRmoCnda, rom aris

SemTxveva, roca pirs brals sdeben iseTi qmedebis Cade-
naSi, rac saqmis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli. samagi-
erod ar sdeben brals im qmedebaSi, rac saqmis masale-
biT damtkicebulia.
351
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saolqo sasamarT-
los sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa sasamarTlo kolegiis
2006 wlis 29 martis ganaCeni, aseve amave saqmeze saqarT-
velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqme-
Ta 2006 wlis 21 ivnisis ganCineba msjavrdebul bluiSvi-
lis saqmeze, romliTac igi cnobil iqna damnaSaved ssk-
is 1431-e muxlis me-2 nawilis è~ qvepunqtiT imaSi, rom
Caidina adamianiT vaWroba, e.i. adamianis gayidva sazR-
vargareT gayvaniT eqspluataciis mizniT.
saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT dadginda Semdegi: 2004

wlis agvistoSi u. b-Svilma gaicno r. b-Svili, romelic
gacilebuli iyo qmarTan, zrdida bavSvs da ekonomi-
kurad uWirda. man ganizraxa misi motyuebiT gadayvana
sazRvargareT da gayidva eqspluataciis mizniT. am gan-
zraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad SesTavaza r. b-Svils, rom
daexmareboda q. dubaiSi samuSaoze mowyobaSi, magram
gzis xarjisTvis saWiro fulis saSovnelad jer unda
wasuliyvnen TurqeTSi, sadac moawyobda Sokoladis an
tyavis saamqroSi TurqeTSi mcxovreb s. a-s daxmarebiT.
u. b-Svilma Tavisi xarjebiT gaukeTa pasporti r-s da
erTad gaemgzavrnen TurqeTSi da miiyvana q. borCxaSi
arsebul erT-erT sastumroSi, sadac dabinavebuli iyo
s. a-va. aq man aiZula r. b-Svili, rogorc meZavi, momsax-
ureboda misTvis ucnob mamakacebs, razedac igi Tavi-
dan sastiki winaaRmdegi iyo. ambobda, rom ar SeeZlo
aseTi saqmianoba, sTxovda, daebrunebina misTvis pas-
porti, raTa gamomgzavrebuliyo saqarTveloSi, magram
u. b-Svilma mas pasporti ar misca im motiviT, rom misi
TurqeTSi wayvanis xarji Seadgenda 400 aSS dolars da
igi valdebuli iyo naSovni fuliT gaestumrebina vali.
R. b-Svili sami dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi, fsiqologiuri
zemoqmedebis qveS, rogorc meZavi, emsaxureboda sas-
tumroSi misul klientebs. `momsaxurebis~ safasurs
352
ki iRebda u. b-Svili. amis Semdeg man s. a-vas daxmare-
biT r. gadaiyvana q. xofaSi da fsiqologiuri zewolis
qveS agrZelebinebda meZaobas, fuls ki TviTon iReb-
da. TurqeTSi Casvlidan erTi kviris Semdeg, rodesac
garkveuli Tanxa moagrova, u. b-Svili dabrunda saqarT-
veloSi. r. b-vils ki miuCina s. a-va, romelic r. b-Svilis
`gamomuSavebul~ Tanxas mas ugzavnida.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili faqtobrivi garemoebebidan

Cans, u. b-Svilis qmedebaSi aSkaraa adamianis gadabire-
ba da gadayvana sazRvargareT motyuebiT, agreTve ga-
damalva eqspluataciaSi Cabmis mizniT. aseve misi Cabma
eqspluataciaSi ZaladobiT da muqariT.
miuxedavad amisa, u. b-Svils es qmedebebi bralad ara

aqvs Seracxuli (arc winaswar gamoZiebaSi hqonda ward-
genili aseTi braldeba). samagieros mas Seracxuli aqvs
adamianis gayidva sazRvargareT gayvaniT eqspluataci-
is mizniT.
vnaxoT, ramdenadaa dadasturebuli es braldeba.
saolqo sasamarTlos ganaCensa da uzenaesi sasamarT-

los ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: TurqeTSi Casvlidan
daaxloebiT ori kviris Semdeg r. b-Svilma Seityo, rom
igi 3000 aSS dolarad iyideboda misTvis ucnob Turqi
erovnebis mamakacze, ramac Zlier aRaSfoTa da daxmare-
bisTvis mimarTa sastumros mflobel e. g-ors, romel-
mac Seityo ra, rom r. b-Svils masze ganxorcielebuli
fsiqologiuri zewolis gamo surda sastumrodan was-
vla, fulis gadauxdelad gauSva igi. r. b-Svili Turqe-
Tis samarTaldamcavi organos TanamSromelTa daxmare-
biT gadmovida saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
353
ismis kiTxva: riTaa dadasturebuli is faqti, rom r. b-
Svili gaiyida (an iyideboda) ucxo mamakacze?
sasamarTlom b-Svilis gayidvis faqti dadasturebu-

lad cno Tavad dazaralebul b-Svilis da mowme m. S-
Zis CvenebiT, romelic ver gamodgeba b-Svilis gayidvis
faqtis dasadastureblad. kerZod, r. b-Svilis CvenebiT,
man mogvianebiT Seityo, rom iyideboda ucnob Turq ma-
makacze, ris Semdegadac sastumros direqtorisa da m.
S-Zis daxmarebiT SeZlo sastumrodan gaqceva (t. I. s.f.
29-32, 308-310).
rogorc vxedavT, es Cveneba metad zerele da bundova-

nia, radgan igi ar akonkretebs, Tu visgan Seityo, rom
igi iyideboda, an kerZod vin yidida mas ucxo mamakac-
ze. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom am dros u. b-Svili
TurqeTSi ar imyofeboda. maS, saidan keTdeba daskvna,
rom swored igi apirebda mis gayidvas? Tuki amis msxver-
plma araferi icis, maS saidan icis is, rom unda gaeyidaT
da miT umetes saidan gaigo gayidvis Tanxa _ 3000 aSS
dolari? amas garda, ìyideboda~ jer kidev ar niSnavs
imas, rom igi gaiyida. adamianis gayidvisTvis saWiroa
garkveuli Tanxis an nivTis gadacema gamyidvelze da
gayiduli piris gadasvla myidvelis xelSi.
arc erTi es qmedeba saqmis masalebiT araa dadasture-

buli.
vnaxoT, mowme m. S-Zis Cveneba ramdenad adasturebs r. b-

Svilis gayidvis faqts. igi uCvenebs: ...ramdenime dReSi
q. xofaSi yofnisas mas daureka r. b-Svilma da tiriliT
uTxra, rom igi mihyides Turq mamakacs. isic uTxra, rom
scemes da Tavisufleba aRukveTes. m. S-Ze mivida sastum-
roSi, sadac sastumros TanamSromelma r. 20 aSS dolari
354
misca, xolo mas sTxova, dazaralebuli waeyvana (t. I, s.f.
103-104, 284-288).
am CvenebaSic konkretulad araferia naTqvami. kerZod,

vin gayida r. b-Svili. amasTan gaugebaria, Tuki igi ukve
gayiduli iyo, ratom ar waiyvana igi myidvelma da ratom
cxovrobda kvlav imave sastumroSi marto?
rogorc vxedavT, braldeba r. b-Svilis gayidvis Sesaxeb

damyarebulia arafrismTqmel Cvenebebze maSin, roca
misi motyuebiT gadabirebis, gadayvanisa da gadamalvis
faqti utyuaradaa damtkicebuli. amis miuxedavad, mas
bralad Seracxuli aqvs ara adamianis gadabireba da ga-
dayvana motyuebiT, aramed adamianis gayidva.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas vawydebiT SemTx-

vevas, roca ganaCenebSi braldebis formulireba araa
Camoyalibebuli, aramed miTiTebulia mxolod Sesa-
bamis muxlze da nawilze, Semdeg ki pirdapir aRwerilia
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoeba. amis magaliTad gamog-
vadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 29
ivliss gamotanili ganaCeni m. a-Zis mimarT (saqme #1/3100-
06), sadac sasamarTlom dadasturebulad cno, rom `gan-
sasjelma m. a-Zem Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefik-
ingi) araerTgzis, ori an meti piris mimarT, dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, e.i. danaSauli gaTval-
iswinebulisisxlis samarTliskodeqsis 1431-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis à~, `b~ da è~ qvepunqtebiT (ssk-is 2006 wlis
31 maisamde moqmedi redaqcia), rac gamoixata SemdegSi:~
rogorc vxedavT, braldebis formulirebaSi miTiTe-

bulia mxolod muxlze da mis nawilze, aseve dafiqsire-
bulia damamZimebeli garemoebebi (ori an meti piris mi-
marT, dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT), magram
355
naxsenebic ki araa Tu ra qmedebaSi gamoixata es danaSau-
li (saxeze iyo yidva, Tu gadabireba, an gadayvana da a.S.).
aseve naxsenebic ki araa Tu ra xerxiT iqna Cadenili es
danaSauli (motyuebiT, ZaladobiT Tu sxva xerxiT).
amdenad, imisTvis, rom gavigoT, Tu ssk-is 1431-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis konkretulad ra qmede-
baSi edeba m. alfaiZes brali, aucilebelia wavikiTxoT
ganaCenSi aRwerili mTeli faqtobrivi garemoeba. sasa-
marTlo gadmogvcems am faqtobriv garemoebas, magram
ar afasebs mas, ar adgens m. a-Zis mier faqtobrivad Cade-
nili qmedebis Sesabamisobas ssk-is 1431-e muxliT aRwer-
il romelime qmedebasTan. amitom gaugebaria, Tu ratom
miiCnia sasamarTlom, rom es faqtobrivi garemoebebi
aris adamianiT vaWroba. arada ganaCenSi aRwerili faq-
tobrivi garemoebebiT (romelic damtkicebulia saqmis
masalebiT), aSkarad Cans Cadenili qmedebac da danaSau-
lis xerxic. amdenad, misi Sefaseba ar iyo rTuli. ker-
Zod, dadginda, rom m. alfaiZem motyuebiT TurqeTSi
gadaiyvana ramdenime qali, iq dasaqmebis pirobiT. si-
namdvileSi ki waarTva maT pasportebi, gamoketa binaSi
da Semdeg sxvadasxva fasad gayida isini Turqi erovne-
bis mamakacebze, romlebic maT uwevdnen fizikur da se-
qsualur eqspluatacias.
amdenad, aSkaraa, rom aq saxezea adamianis gadabireba da

gadayvana motyuebiT, aseve gadamalva, agreTve gayidva,
Cadenili, ori an meti piris mimarT (sul gayiduli iyo
oTxi qali, aqedan oris gayidva moxda erTiani ganzrax-
viT), araerTgzis, dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvan-
iT.
igive xarvezi aqvs am saqmeze Tbilisis saapelacio sasa-

marTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa saapelacio pala-
356
tis mier 2008 wlis 8 ivliss gamotanil ganaCens (saqme #
1/b-935-08).
msgavsi xarvezi imdenad xSirad fiqsirdeba, rom iqmneba

STabeWdileba, TiTqos mas tendenciis saxe aqvs. magali-
Tad, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 12 de-
kembris ganaCeni (saqme # 1-5639-06), sadac vkiTxulobT:
`sabraldebo daskvniT m. C-Zes brali edeba masSi, rom
man Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi), dazarale-
bulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
...~rogorc vxedavT, arc qmedebaa naxsenebi da arc xe-
rxi.
zustad asevea formulirebuli braldeba ganaCenis
samotivacio nawilSic.
am saqmeSic Cadenilia piris gadabireba, gadayvana mo-

tyuebiT, aseve gadamalva da gayidva.
igive viTarebaa Tbilisis saolaqo sasamarTlos sisx-

lis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTlis mier
2006 wlis 16 maiss gamotanil ganaCenSi (saqme # 1/3424),
sadac rogorc aRwerilobiTi, ise samotivacio nawiliT
braldebis formulireba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
`gansasjelma T. q-vam Caidina adamianiT vaWroba (tre-
fikingi), dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 1431-e muxlis me-2 nawilis è~
qvepunqtiT.~
am saqmeSic saxeze iyo motyuebiT gadabireba, gadayvana,

aseve gadamalva da bolos _ gayidva.
analogiuradaa formulirebuli braldeba s. k-as

saqmeze, romelzec Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTlem 2007
357
wlis 22 Tebervals daadgina gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni
(saqme # 1/4680-06).
zemoTCamoTvlil saqmeTa ganaCenis wakiTxviT aSkara

xdeba, Tu riT aris ganpirobebuli amgvari xarvezi. saqme
isaa, rom braldebis amgvari arasrulyofili formu-
lireba mocemulia sabraldebo daskvnebSi da sisxlis
samarTlis saqme amgvarad modis sasamarTloSi gansax-
ilvelad. mosamarTleebi ratomRac ar iReben sakuTar
Tavze valdebulebas, Seavson es xarvezi, romelic araa
dakavSirebuli axal braldebasTan an braldebis Secv-
lasTan. maT sityva-sityviT gadaaqvT ganaCenSi bralde-
bis is formuloreba, rac dafiqsirebulia sabraldebo
daskvnaSi. igives akeTeben zeda instanciis sasamarT-
loebi, rac ar unda CaiTvalos marTebulad. sasamarT-
lo valdebulia srulyofili, konkretuli da gasagebi
gaxados braldeba.
358
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori

praqtikis analizi (nawili meore)
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Taobaze saqarT-

veloSi arsebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisa da
analizis mizans warmoadgenda aRniSnuli danaSaulis
saqmeebze samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier ganxor-
cielebuli winaswari gamoZiebis, agreTve, saerTo sasa-
marTloebis mier Catarebuli sasamarTlo gamoZiebisa
da maT mier gamotanili ganaCenebis mocemul sakiTxze
moqmed saerTaSoriso konvenciasTan da saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobasTan Ses-
abamisobis dadgena, amasTan imis gansazRvra – ramdenad
efeqturia xsenebuli saxelmwifo organoebis saqmi-
anoba arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis SesaZleblobaTa
maqsimaluri gamoyenebis, aseve trefikinguli dana-
Saulis CadenaSi braldebul pirTa (trefikirebis) je-
rovnad dasjis, maT mimarT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
ganxorcielebisas maTi da trefikingiT dazaralebul
pirTa (trefikingis msxverplTa) uflebebisa da kanon-
ieri interesebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT.
trefikingis danaSaulTa faqtebze arsebuli sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeebis analizi cxadyofs, rom aseTi da-
naSaulebis Camden pirTa mimarT saqarTvelos samar-
Taldamcavi organoebis, aseve saerTo sasamarTloebis
mier ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi nawilobriv See-
sabamebian transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis adamianebis, gansa-
kuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan
acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb oqmiT gansaz-
359
Rvrul im moTxovnebs, romlebic Seexebian trefikin-
gis danaSaulSi mxilebuli pirebis mimarT sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebasa da maT jerovnad
dasjas.71 aRsaniSnavia isic, rom trefikingis saqmeebTan
dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoebisas
rogorc winaswari gamoZiebis organoebis mier, aseve
sasamarTloebis mier daculia trefikingis msxverpl-
Ta, anu aRniSnuli kategoriis saqmeebze dazaralebu-
lad cnobili pirebis saproceso uflebebi da kanonieri
interesebi.
trefikingis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli saqmee-

bis Seswavlis Sedegad irkveva, rom saqarTveloSi misi
gavrcelebuli saxeebia motyuebiT, seqsualuri eqspl-
uataciis mizniT, qalebis gayvana saqarTvelodan ucxo
qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad TurqeTsa da arabeTSi, agreTve
arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba. bevr SemTxvevaSi aseT dana-
Saulebs Tan axlavs iseTi dasjadi qmedebebis Cadenac,
rogoricaa yalbi piradobis mowmobisa da saqarTvelos
moqalaqis pasportis damzadeba – gamoyeneba da saqarT-
velos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTa. am-
rigad, xsenebuli danaSaulebi iwyeboda saqarTvelos
teritoriaze, sadac xorcieldeboda misi mosamzade-
beli stadia (igulisxmeba garegnulad qmedebaSi gamov-
lenili danaSaulebrivi ganzraxva danaSaulis Casadenad
pirobebis Seqmnis saxiT), xolo danaSaulTa damamTavre-
beli stadia xorcieldeboda sxva qveyanaSi. Tumca iyo
iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac saqarTvelos teritoria
gamoyenebuli iyo rogorc satranzito punqti trefik-
ingis danaSaulTa Casadenad, kerZod, seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis mizniT erTi ucxo qveynidan saqarTvelos
teritoriis gavliT qalebis mesame qveyanaSi gayvanis
mizniT. es danaSaulebi mcdelobis stadiaze aRkveTil
71
ix. aRniSnuli oqmis III Tavi, muxlebi 9, 10, 11.
360
iqna saqarTvelos teritoriaze samarTaldamcavi orga-
noebis mier. trefikingis danaSaulTa garkveuli nawili
Cadenilia saqarTvelos teritoriaze maTi damamTavre-
buli stadiis CaTvliT, romlebic Tavisi arsiT war-
moadgendnen arasrulwlovaniT vaWrobasa da adamianis
SromiT eqspluatacias an seqsualur eqspluatacias.
rac Seexeba trefikingis danaSaulTa Taobaze warmoe-

buli saqmeebis saproceso samarTlebriv mxares, unda
aRiniSnos, rom aseTi danaSaulis Camden pirTa mimarT
braldeba ZiriTadad emyareba dazaralebulTa Cven-
ebebs, romlebic ganmtkicebulia sxva arapirdapiri
mtkicebulebebiT, kerZod iseT mowmeTa CvenebebiT,
romlebsac, marTalia, garkveuli Sexeba hqondaT dana-
Saulis SemTxvevasTan, magram isini ar yofilan uSualo
TviTmxilvelni imisa Tu sad, rodis, ra viTarebaSi da
visi monawileobiT xorcieldeboda trefikingis msx-
verplis mimarT seqsualuri eqspluatacia an sxva ms-
gavsi qmedeba. rogorc wesi, aseT mowmeebs informacia
gaaCndaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mzaddeboda
trefikingis msxverplis (dazaralebulis) dayolieba
prostituciaze anda saqarTvelodan ucxo qveyanaSi
misi gayvana (maTTvis yalbi dokumentebis momzadeba
saxelmwifo sazRvris gadasakveTad, maTi dayolieba
sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaze da sxva). Tumca aRsaniS-
navia isic, rom TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi dazaraleb-
ulTa Cvenebebi aris vrceli, detaluri da amomwuravi,
romlebic gvaZleven sakmaris warmodgenas momxdari
SemTxvevis Taobaze.
aqve SeiZleba aRiniSnos imis Taobazec, rom calkeul

SemTxvevaSi saqmis gamoZiebisas gamoyenebuli iyo kano-
niT gaTvaliswinebuli operatiul-samZebro RonisZie-
bebi, magaliTad, operatiuli TvalTvali, faruli
361
mosmenebi, operatiuli muSakis `Canergva~ damnaSaveTa
jgufSi da sxva, romelTa meSveobiT mopovebuli iyo
mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebi piris braleulobis
dasadastureblad.
amasTan, umetes SemTxvevaSi, saqmeebze ar xorcieldebo-

da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriis
farglebs gareT, radgan saamisod ar xdeboda saqarT-
velos mier Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan samarTlebriv
sferoSi TanamSromlobis Taobaze dadebuli ormxrivi
xelSekrulebiTa Tu sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT
(konvenciebiT) gaTvaliswinebuli SesaZleblobebis
gamoyeneba. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba dasaxeldes 1998
wlis `xelSekruleba saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis respub-
likas Soris samoqalaqo, savaWro da sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~,
agreTve 1959 wlis èvropuli konvencia sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeebze urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb~ romlebic
iTvaliswineben saxelmwifoTa TanamSromlobas sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT urTierTdaxmare-
bis mizniT. saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi organoebis
mier aRniSnuli SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad gamoy-
enebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosTvis sagamoZiebo orga-
nos mier saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa Taobaze ward-
genili masala iqneboda ufro sruli, mtkicebulebebis
baza ufro myari, rac Tavis mxriv sawindaria xsenebuli
kategoriis saqmeebze ufro dasabuTebuli sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebebis gamosatanad.
amave dros, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom saqmis

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze daSvebuli is xarvezi,
romelic mdgomareobs sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis war-
moebis arealis mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriiT
SemofargvlaSi, xels uSlis imis dadgenas _ trefikin-
362
gul danaSauls, im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac xdeboda msx-
verplis sazRvargareT gayvana da iq seqsualur eqs-
pluataciaSi an monur muSaobaSi Cabma, xom ar hqonda
organizebuli danaSaulis xasiaTi. gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia aucileblad is garemoeba, rom msgavsi danaSaulis
Cadena dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki iseT SemTxvevebSi,
rodesac adgili aqvs erTi da igive damnaSavis mier
dazaralebulebis sazRvargareT araerTgzis gaday-
vanas, an mravali dazaralebulis erTdroulad gayva-
nas sazRvargareT, erT an or adamians ar xelewifeba,
vinaidan aseTi danaSaulebrivi miznis realizacia bevri
sirTulisa da dabrkolebis gadalaxvasTan aris dakav-
Sirebuli, rac erT adamians, rogorc wesi ar SeuZlia
da igi uTuod moiTxovs sul cota ramdenime adamianis
Zalisxmevas kargad organizebuli jgufis saxiT.
niSandoblivia is garemoeba, rom trefikinguli dana-

Saulis organizebuli SemTxvevis gamovlenis drosac
ki, sagamoZiebo organos mier praqtikulad daudgene-
lia organizebuli jgufi Seqmnili iyo erTi danaSau-
lis Casadenad, Tu mravali danaSaulis Casadenad, ris
dadgenasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs aseTi kategoriis
danaSaulTa prevenciisTvis.
trefikingul danaSaulTan brZolaSi aRniSnuli xarve-

zebis arseboba iwvevs imas, rom am danaSaulis organi-
zebuli jgufebis mier Cadenis SemTxvevebi iZens la-
tentur xasiaTs maTi daudgenlobisa da dausjelobis
gamo, razedac metyvelebs sasamarTlo statistikac,
romelSic aisaxeba realuri mdgomareoba, rac, Tavis
mxriv, dabla scems Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoe-
bis mier mocemul danaSaulTan brZolis efeqturobas.
yovelive aRniSnuli miuTiTebs imaze, rom organize-
363
bul danaSaulTan da trefikingul danaSaulTan dakav-
SirebiT moqmedi saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dadgeni-
li moTxovnebi, romelTanac SeerTebulia saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoc, arajerovnad sruldeba, rac Sedegobri-
vad, Tavis mxriv negatiur daRs asvams xsenebul dana-
SaulobasTan brZolis praqtikas da xels uwyobs aseTi
xasiaTis danaSaulTa gamravlebas.
amasTan erTad, SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos imis Taobaze,

rom calkeul SemTxvevaSi trefikingis saqmeze samar-
Talwarmoebis ganxorcielebisas, rogorc winaswari
gamoZiebis stadiaze, aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis ganx-
ilvisas, irRveva braldebulisa da gansasjelis sapro-
ceso uflebebi. es iseTi SemTxvevebia, rodesac dacvis
mxaris kanonieri da dasabuTebuli iniciativa ar iqna
mxardaWerili ara marto braldebis mxaris mier, aramed
aseve sasamarTlos mier. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gan-
vixiloT msjavrdebul s.k.-s braldebis saqme, romelsac
brali edeboda adamianiT vaWrobaSi, Cadenili ori an
meti piris mimarT dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gay-
vaniT, saxeldobr, man ganaxorciela qalebis gaday-
vana TurqeTis q. orduSi, sadac maT uwevda seqsualur
eqspluatacias.
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze braldebulis damcvelma

SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa prokurors, romelic aRniS-
nuli saqmis gamoZiebaze axorcielebda saproceso
xelmZRvanelobas imis Taobaze, rom gamoZiebas dae-
kiTxa TurqeTis q. orduSi myofi mowmeebi saerTaSor-
iso xelSekrulebiTa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
Tanado procedurebis meSveobiT, romelTa Cvenebebi,
misi azriT, naTels mofendnen saqmis faqtobriv gare-
moebebs da xels Seuwyobdnen saqmeze WeSmaritebis dad-
genas. amis Semdeg specialuri operatiuli departa-
364
mentis gamomZiebelma SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa Turqe-
Tis samarTaldamcav organoebs, romliTac iTxovda
dacvis mxaris mier dasaxelebuli mowmeebis dakiTx-
vas gamoZiebisTvis saintereso sakiTxebze. winaswari
gamoZiebis masalebSi aRniSnuli mimarTvis Sedegebi ar
Cans. s.k.-s braldebis saqme gadaeca pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos arsebiTi ganxilvisTvis. sasamarTlo sx-
domis mosamzadebel stadiaze gansasjelis damcvelma
daayena Suamdgomloba garkveuliyo, Seasrula Tu ara
Turqulma mxarem saqarTvelos sagamoZiebo organos
Txovna da TurqeTidan gamoigzavna Tu ara Sesabamisi
masala, romelic warmodgenil unda iqnes sasamarTlos
winaSe, rogorc mtkicebulebebi. sasamarTlom, marTa-
lia, daakmayofila dacvis Suamdgomloba da aRniSnu-
li sakiTxis Taobaze mimarTa saqarTvelos generalur
prokuraturas, magram pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilva ise damTavrda, rom generaluri
prokuraturidan pasuxi miRebuli ar yofila, xolo s.k.
msjavrdebul iqna.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas dacvis

mxarem kvlav mimarTa sasamarTlo palatas Suamdgom-
lobiT, romliTac iTxovda, rom braldebis mxares
warmoedgina sasamarTloSi Turquli mxaris mier ga-
momZieblis davalebis safuZvelze mopovebuli da saqa-
rTvelos generaluri prokuraturisTvis gadmogza-
vnili mtkicebulebebi, agreTve imas, rom dacvis mxares
micemoda aRniSnuli mtkicebulebebis, rogorc saqmis
masalis, gacnobis SesaZlebloba. aRniSnuli Suamdgom-
lobis ganxilvisas procesSi monawile prokurorma
ganacxada, rom braldebis mxare am mtkicebulebebs
ar warmoadgenda sasamarTloSi im motiviT, rom isini
braldebis mxares ar miaCnia braldebis mtkicebule-
bebad, xolo dacvis mxarem Tavad unda izrunos Tavisi
mtkicebulebebis mopovebaze.
365
saapelacio sasamarTlom uari uTxra dacvis mxares mis
mier dayenebuli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze sru-
liad dausabuTeblad, im motivaciiT, rom dacvis mxaris
mier aRniSnuli sakiTxi ar yofila dayenebuli pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi, xolo TviTon dacvis mxares
aRniSnuli masalebis mosapoveblad araferi gaukeTe-
bia, ris gamoc sasamarTlosTvis ucnobia ra masalebzea
saubari. saapelacio sasamarTlos aseTi pozicia mTli-
anad ewinaaRmdegeba rogorc saqmis realur viTarebas,
ise saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-
mdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul imperatiul moTxovnebs.
saqme isaa, rom rogorc dgindeba, xsenebuli masalis
(mtkicebulebebis) mosapoveblad dacvis mxarem Sua-
mdgomlobiT mimarTa prokurors, romlis safuZvelze
gamomZiebelma mimarTa TurqeTis Sesabamis saxelmwifo
organoebs, romlebmac moipoves mtkicebulebebi da
es masala gadaugzavnes adresats. amasTan, dacvis mxa-
rem am mtkicebulebebis sasamarTloSi warmodgenaze
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSic daayena sakiTxi sap-
roceso kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, romlis safuZvelze
saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturas sasamarTlos
mier gaegzavna mimarTva. igive sakiTxi dacvis mxarem
saapelacio sasamarTloSic saproceso kanoniT dad-
genili wesiT daayena, miuxedavad amisa, saapelacio sa-
samarTlos mier, usafuZvlod eTqva uari.
aRniSnulis Sedegad uxeSad dairRva msjavrdebulis

dacvis ufleba, radgan zemoxseneubli masala, sapro-
ceso kanonidan gamomdinare, warmoadgenda saqmis ma-
salis ganuyofel nawils, ris gamoc igi aucileblad
unda yofiliyo warmodgenili sasamarTloSi rogorc
mtkicebuleba da sruli ufleba hqonda dacvis mxares
gacnoboda am masalas. amave dros, saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis (1998 wlis 20 Teberv-
lis redaqcia) me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmis winaswari
366
gamoZiebis stadiazec da sasamarTlo ganxilvis stadi-
azec, gamomZiebeli, prokurori da sasamarTlo valdeb-
ulni iyvnen gaerkviaT mtkicebis sagnis yvela sxva gare-
moeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. saam-
isod maT mier warmoebuli saqmis garemoebaTa gamokvl-
eva unda yofiliyo yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi,
ra drosac erTnairi gulmodginebiT unda gairkves
braldebulis rogorc mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebe-
li garemoebebi, xolo dacvis mxaris yvela gancxadeba
da saCivari udanaSaulobisa Tu naklebi bralis Sesaxeb,
agreTve sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebisas
daSvebuli saproceso darRvevebis Taobaze guldasmiT
unda Semowmdes.
kanonis aseTi moTxovnis Seusrulebloba warmoadgenda

iseT arsebiT saproceso darRvevas, romelic negatiur
gavlenas axdenda saqmis Sedegze msjavrdebulis kanon-
ieri interesebis sazianod.
amrigad, trefikingis saqmeebze arsebuli winasaga-

moZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs,
rom saqarTvelos winaswari gamoZiebis organoebisa
da sasamarTloebis saqmianoba jer kidev srulad ver
akmayofilebs aRniSnuli xasiaTis danaSaulTan brZo-
lis, aseT danaSaulTa saqmeebze winaswari gamoZiebis
warmoebisa da sasamarTlo ganxilvis Taobaze Sesabam-
isi saerTaSoriso konvenciebiTa da saqarTvelos Siga
kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs. gansa-
kuTrebiT unda mieTiTos sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
xarvezebze xsenebul danaSaulTa gamovlenis organize-
bul formebTan dakavSirebiT. aseTi viTareba moiTxovs
saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSavebasa da Sesabamisi
saxelmwifo organoebisTvis miwodebas maTi danergvis
mizniT iuridiuli praqtikis efeqturobis gasaZliere-
blad da mocemul sferoSi saerTo kriminogenuri viTa-
rebis gasajansaReblad.
367
revaz gogSeliZe
samarTlis doqtori

praqtikis analizi (nawili mesame)
Cvens mier Seswavlil iqna ramdenime ss saqme, maT Soris

s. k-skaias saqme (sadac dazaralebulad cnobili arian q.
b-ova da o. s-ova). am saqmeSi dafiqsirda sxvadasxva saxis
darRveva. kerZod:
1. dazaralebul qristina b-ovas dakiTxvis oqmSi

gamomZiebeli uTiTebs, rom man dazaralebuli
dakiTxa Tarjimnis monawileobiT, magram dakiTx-
vis oqmis Sesaval nawilSi araa miTiTebuli Tar-
jimnis gvari. amave dros, saq. sssk-is 303-e muxlis
me-9 nawilis mixedviT Tarjimani xels unda awerdes
dazaralebulis mier micemuli Cvenebis Targmanis
TiToeul gverds, rac ar aris gakeTebuli, riTac
darRveulia sssk-is 303-e muxlis me-9 nawilis moTx-
ovna (Zveli kodeqsi).
2. q. b-ovas dakiTxvis msgavsad darRveulia Tarjim-
nis monawileobis wesi dazaralebul olga s-ovas
dakiTxvisas.
3. amave saqmeSi aris sxva xarvezic, rasac garda for-
malurisa, mtkicebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. magali-
Tad, gamomZiebeli ar interesdeba im pirTa wris
garkveviT, romelTa dakiTxvac xels Seuwyobda
saqmeze WeSmaritebis dadgenas.
kerZod, am saqmeSi dazaralebulad cnobil q. b-

ovas deda dakiTxvisas uTiTebs, rom maTTan saxlSi,
roca saubari midioda s. k-kaiasa da q. b-ovas Soris
(e.i. trefiqersa da adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls
368
Soris), aseve imyofeboda nato. Tavad braldebuli
s. k-skaia ki saerTod ar axsenebs natos, rogorc b-
ovasTan misi saubris mowmes.
aseT SemTxvevaSi gamomZiebels unda daedgina natos

pirovneba da unda daekiTxa igi, radgan SesaZloa,
misi Cveneba naTels mohfenda saqmes, miT umetes, rom
am saqmeze braldebuli ar aRiarebs braldebas.
4. s. k-kaias sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze (gv.80-83)
gamomZiebelma Seiswavla ra saqmeze mopovebuli
mtkicebulebebi, gamoitana dadgenileba s. k-skaias
braldebulis saxiT pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb,
magram ratomRac am dadgenilebas xels awers sxva
gamomZiebeli da ara is, romelic saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze mivida im daskvnamde,
rom s. k-skaia micemuli iqnes braldebis saxiT pasux-
isgebaSi (gasakviria, rom am faqts yuradRebas ar
aqcevs braldebulis advokati da xels awers amgvar
dadgenilebas).
5. svetlana k-kaias kanonieri interesebis damcvel-

ma vaJa n-Zem, romelic imyofeboda TurqeTSi, q.
orduSi, gamokiTxa TurqeTis moqalaqeebi dazara-
lebulis q. b-ovasa da o. s-covas Sesaxeb. Semdeg man
TurqeTis moqalaqeTa gamokiTxvis oqmebi Targmna
qarTulad da daamowma notariuli wesiT. kerZod,
advokatma gamokiTxa TurqeTis moqalaqeebi: nazim
qahramani, romelic cxovrobda imave saxlis erT-
erT binaSi, sadac cxovrobdnen q. b-ova da o. s-nco-
va; bahTir ozqani, romelic cxovrobda imave saxlis
pirvel sarTulze; aiTaC durumi, romelic icnobda
s. krasovskaias daaxloebiT 3 weli, daxvda mas av-
tomobiliT da q. b-ovasTan da o. s-covasTan erTad
miiyvana q. ordaSi, im samsarTulian saxlTan, sadac
369
isini cxovrobdnen 10 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi. Am mo-
qalaqeTa gamokiTxviT dgindeba, rom q. b-ova da r.
s-ncova ar imyofebodnen raime fizikuri da fsiqi-
kuri zewolis qveS, Tavisuflad moZraobdnen q. or-
dus quCebSi, bazarSi, maRaziebSi.
saqarTvelos Ss saministros specialuri operati-

uli departamentis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovan
saqmeTa ufrosma gamomZiebelma samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis aRmoCenis mizniT SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa
TurqeTis respublikis Sesabamis samarTaldamcav
organoebs, daekiTxaT s. k-skaias sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze TurqeTis respublikis moqalaqeebi: bahTir
ozqani, nazim qahramani, aiTaC durumi, garkveuli ga-
remoebebis dadgenis mizniT.
TurqeTis respublikis generalur prokuraturaSi,

prokurorma jan Suqru genCqanma mowmeebad dakiTxa
aRniSnuli pirebi, romelTac daadastures s. k-ska-
ias advokat v. nebieriZisaTvis micemuli informa-
cia, rom q. b-ova da o. s-ncova Tavisuflad gadaadg-
ildbeodnen q. ordus quCebSi da maT ar etyobodaT
raime zewolis qveS yofna.
gamoZiebam ratomRac sabraldebo daskvnis Sed-

genamde ar gadaamowma s. k-skaias damcvelis mier
TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mxridan miRebuli informa-
cia (damcvelma informacia miiRo Turqi moqalaqee-
bisagan 2006w. 1 maiss, sabraldebo daskvna Sedga 2006
wlis 31 maiss). sabraldebo daskvnaSi SeniSnul iqna,
rom braldebulisa da misi damcvelis mier dasaxele-
buli moqalaqeebi arian TurqeTis respublikis mo-
qalaqeebi da Sesabamisad TurqeTis kompetentur
organoebs waredginaT Suamdgomloba samarTlebri-
370
vi daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. A(amdenad, samarT-
lebrivi Sefaseba ar mieca damcvelis mier mopove-
bul informacias, romelic notariuli wesiT iyo
damowmebuli).
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, TurqeTis respublikis

kompetenturi organoebis mimarT gagzavnili iqna
Suamdgomloba samarTlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenis
Sesaxeb. igi iTvaliswinebda TurqeTis moqalaqeebis:
bahTir ozqani, nazim qahramani, aiTaC durus, mowmee-
bis saxiT dakiTxvas. TurqeTis generaluri proku-
raturis prokurorebma, ismail deRirmenjim da jan
Suqu generCqanma mowmeebis saxiT dakiTxes aRniS-
nuli pirebi da maT mier micemuli zemoT naxsenebi
Cvenebebi gadmougzavnes saqarTvelos generalur
prokuraturas. Amis miuxedavad, samarTlebrivi dax-
marebis safuZvelze TurqeTidan miRebuli masalebi
ar daerTo saqmes. ufro metic, saxelmwifo bralm-
debelma saapelacio sasamarTlos sasamarTlo sx-
domaze ganacxada aRniSnuli masalebis Sesaxeb, rom
braldebis mxarisaTvis isini ar warmoadgens mtkice-
bulebebs.
aqve Cndeba kiTxva: Tuki winaswarve cnobili iyo, rom

ucxo qveynidan miRebul Cvenebebs araviTari mtkice-
bulebis Zala ar unda mieniWos, maS, ratom mimarTa
saqarTvelos prokuraturam TurqeTis Sesabamis
organos SuamdgomlobiT samarTlebrivi daxmarebis
Sesaxeb an saerTod, ratom arsebobs aseTi urTierT-
daxmarebis instituti?
6. wesiT prokurors SesaZlebloba unda mieca sasa-

marTlosaTvis, mxareebis monawileobiT Seeswavla,
gamoekvlia samarTlebrivi daxmarebis safuZvelze
miRebuli masalebi, mxareebs daefiqsirebinaT Tavi-
371
anTi mosazrebebi, argumentebi. Pprokurors Tavisi
dasabuTebuli pozicia unda daefiqsirebina am ma-
salebTan dakavSirebiT.Mxolod amis Semdeg unda gad-
awyvetiliyo sakiTxi: CaeTvalaT Tu ara es masalebi
mtkicebulebad. Pprokurorma ki im faqtiT, rom es ma-
salebi saerTod ar daurTo ss saqmes, faqtobrivad
ugulvebelyo iseTi instituti, rogoricaa saerTa-
Soriso TanamSromloba sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi,
rac ar unda CaiTvalos gamarTlebulad.
7. prokuroris aseTi damokidebuleba ramdenadme
aryevs sssk-is ocdameTerTmete TavSi mocemuli
am institutis avtoritets, radgan iqmneba STabe-
Wdileba, rom am institutiT sargebloba SesaZloa.
miuRebeli aRmoCndes iseTi sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
Catarebis dros, rogoricaa dakiTxva?
ismis kiTxva: iqneb marTlac ufro misaRebia am in-
stitutis gamoyeneba gavavrceloT iseT sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebebze, rogoricaa: SemTxvevis adgilis
daTvaliereba, eqspertizis daniSvna? Ees sakiTxi
marTlac dafiqrebas da Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs.
TumcaRa, sanam Sesabamis normatiul aqtebSi sa-
Tanado cvlileba araa Setanili, mxareebma ra Tqma
unda, unda idavon TiToeuli am gziT mopovebuli
masalebis garSemo, Seafason igi, magram es dava unda
iyos motivirebuli da gamyarebuli sisxlis saqme-
Si arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT da ara xelaRebiT
uaryofili, rogorc amas adgili hqonda zemoTxsen-
ebul SemTxvevaSi.
8. sainteresoa, ratom ar daurTo saxelmwifo
bralmdebelma TurqeTidan Camosuli masalebi sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmes? TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mier
micemul CvenebebSi, romlebic saubroben, rom q. b-
ova da o. s-ncova Tavisuflad daiarebodnen qalaqSi
da ar imyofebodnen raime fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri
372
zewolis qveS, sulac ar gamoricxavs adamianiT
vaWrobas. gana ar SeiZleba TavisuflebaSi myofi
piris motyueba, eqspluatacia, prostituciaSi Cabma
da a.S? TviTon msjavrdebuli s. k-skaias mier mice-
mul CvenebaSi ramdenime urTierTsawinaaRmdego
informaciaa, rac prokurors SeeZlo gamoeyenebina
braldebis gasamyareblad.
kerZod, braldebul k-skaias CvenebiT dgindeba, rom

mas Tanxas sTxovdnen b-ova da s-ova. Bbraldebis mx-
ares erTxelac ar ukiTxavs misTvis, ratom sTxovd-
nen mas Tanxas es gogonebi (q. b-ova da o. s-ova)? ratom
Tavad igi ar iTxovda maTgan im 50-50 dolars, rac
man asesxa am gogonebs mgzavrobisaTvis? ras unda
niSnavdes is garemoeba, rom s. k-skaias q. b-ova ukav-
Sirdeba, da iTxovs misgan fuls, raTa iyidos iubka,
Ceqmebi, bavSvisaTvis `raRaceebi;~? roca biTarovas
deda cudadaa, igi fulis gagzavnas Txovs s. k-skaias
ra drosac s. k-skaia pasuxobs, rom `SabaT-kviraa da
banki ar muSaobs, TbilisSi daurekavs axlobels da
is miawodebs dedamiss 100 dolars.~
ratom Txovda q. b-ova Tanxas s. k-skaias, Tu pros-

tituciis gziT klientisagan miRebuli Tanxis mar-
Tlac mxolod 10%-s iRebda s. k-skaia da danarCeni
iyo q. b-ovasi?
zemoTaRniSnul Cvenebebze dayrdnobiT saxelmwifo

braldebas SeeZlo emtkicebina, rom prostituciis
gziT miRebul mTel Tanxebs motyuebiT iRebda s.
k-skaia. aseTi daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels iZleva
TviTon s. k-skaias mier micemuli Cveneba, (sxva mt-
kicebulebebze rom araferi vTqvaT), rac braldebam
ver gamoiyena braldebis gasamyareblad. A
373
9. saq. sssk-is 305-e muxlis meeqvse nawilis mixed-
viT SesaZlebeli iyo TurqeTis moqalaqeebis mowmis
statusiT dakiTxva teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-
enebiT, rac gamoZiebam ar gamoiyena.
sisxlis samarTlis saqme x. y-is mimarT (adamianiT

vaWroba)
adamianiT vaWrobis saqmeebze xSirad SeiniSneba

xarvezi mticebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT ma-
Sin, roca saqme exeba organizebuli jgufis mier Cad-
enili danaSaulis braldebas. saamisod gamodgeba ss
saqme x. y-is mimarT, sadac dazaralebulad cnobili
arian T. k-Ze da i. b-Ze)
1. mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze winawari
gamoZiebis mier x. y-is mimarT arasworad iyo wardgeni-
li braldeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431-e muxlis
me-3 nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT (igive qmedeba organize-
buli jgufis mier), ramdenadac organizebuli jgufis
mier aRniSnuli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis
Semadgenloba ar iyo dadasturebuli saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebiT.
es xarvezi gamosworebul iqna sasamarTlos mier, rac

udaod dadebiTad metyvelebs maT saqmianobaze.
am saqmeSi mtkicebulebad dazaralebulTa Cvenebis

safuZvelze miCneulia is, rom gamoZiebiT daudgeneli
pirebi aiZulebdnen T. k-Zesa da i. b-Zes garkveuli Tanxis
safasurad hqonodaT sqesobrivi kavSiri mamakacebTan.
aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoZieba unda dainteresebuliyo im

daudgeneli pirebiT da unda daedgina maTi vinaoba. amis
SesaZlebloba mas hqonda, ramdenadac dazaralebulebi
374
TavianT CvenebebSi naTlad miuTiTebdnen am pirebze,
kerZod x. y-is dedis megobar `ninoze,~ `ninos~ meuRle
- alize, `ninos~ mezobelze - ieseminasa da mis meuRle -
ademaze.
garda amisa, gaocebas iwvevs is faqti, rom gamoZie-

bam da SemdgomSi sasamarTlomac, marTalia, gaiziara
dazaralebulebis mier micemuli Cvenebebi, magram
ratomRac yuradReba ar miaqcia am Cvenebebis im nawils,
romliTac dasturdeba, rom zemoT aRniSnuli TurqeTis
moqalaqeebi: `nino,~ misi meuRle, esemina da misi meuRle
adema, dakavebul iqnen TurqeTis policiis mier swored
am dazaralebulTa gancxadebis safuZvelze.
2. gamoZiebas unda gadaemowmebina es faqti. kerZod,

marTlac iyvnen Tu ara isini dakavebuli TurqeTis
policiis mier da Tu igi dadasturdeboda, gamoeyenebi-
na SesaZlebloba `saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisa sisx-
lis samarTlis sferoSi~, raTa daedginaT gamoZiebiT
daudgeneli es pirebi da samarTlebrivi daxmarebis
safuZvelze CaetarebinaT garkveuli saxis sagamoZie-
bo Tu sasamarTlo moqmedebebi. amiT ki gamyardeboda
x. y-is mimarT wardgenili braldeba adamianiT vaWro-
bis (trefikingis) Sesaxeb. miT umetes saqarTvelosa da
TurqeTis respublikas urTieTSoris dadebuli aqvs
samoqalaqo, savaWro da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze
samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb xelSek-
ruleba 1996 wlis 4 aprilis, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis
15 noembridan.
3. gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebis mier ar aris

dadgenili realurad gadasca Tu ara vinme `ninom~ z.
yirimels 3000 dolari da marTlac gaiyidnen Tu ara T.
375
k-Ze da i. b-Ze. es faqti ar daudgenia arc gamoZiebasa da
arc sasamarTlos, igi mxolod efuZneba dazaralebulis
Cvenebebs, romlebmac es informacia miiRes gamoZiebiT
daudgeneli pirisagan, vinme `ninosagan.~
sakiTxavia, saerTod ar arsebobs ki es nino, an Tu arse-

bobs, aseTi informacia marTlac miiRes misgan?
4. gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebs aseve unda daedg-

inaT, ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles is, rom dazaraleb-
ulebma mimarTes adgilobriv (Turq) samarTaldamcav or-
ganoebs da maTi daxmarebiT daibrunes pasportebi.
5. samwuxarod, rogorc saqalaqo, ise saolqo (amJamad

saapelacio) da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebi
gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis dadgenisas efuZnebian mx-
olod dazaralebulebis i. b-Zisa da T. k-Zis Cvenebebs.
xolo braldebuli x. yirimeli, misi meuRle, sidedri,
simamri, ra Tqma unda, saubroben x. y-is (braldebulis)
sasargeblod. Rac Seexeba Turq moqalaqeebs, maTgan ara
Tu Cvenebebi ar aris miRebuli, aramed maTi vinaobac
araa dadgenili.
6. aseve, gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo organoebi unda

dainteresebuliyvnen dazaralebulis T. k-Zisa da i.
b-Zis CvenebebiT, sadac naTqvamia: èrT dRes, maT rog-
orRac moaxerxes gaparva da policiaSi misvla. aCvenes
policielebs saxli, sadac isini imyofebodnen da poli-
ciam daapatimra TurqeTis oTxive moqalaqe. dazarale-
bulTa am Cvenebis gadamowmebiT gamoZieba da sasamarT-
lo advilad daadgenda am pirTa vinaobas da SeZlebda
maT dakiTxvas Turqi samarTaldamcavi organos TanamS-
romelTa daxmarebiT, rac ratomRac ar gakeTda.
376
Uunda aRiniSnos, rom samwuxarod, sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi arsebul xarvezebs braldebulis sasargeblod
ar iyenebs saqmeSi monawile damcvelic.
interess iwvevs aseve sisxlis samarTlis saqme – nov-

bar isxan-kizi n. g-evas mimarT adamianiT vaWrobis
braldebiT.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi braldebul

(gansasjel) n. g-evas mimarT wardgenili braldeba
ZiriTadad gamyarebulia dazaralebul s. b-vas mier
micemuli CvenebiT. sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros mowmis
saxiT ar dakiTxulan is pirebi, vinc TurqeTSi iyvnen s.
b-evas gverdiT, mag: vinme `manana,~ `nino~.
rac Seexeba Tea d-Zes, igi dakiTxul iqna winaswari

gamoZiebis stadiaze, magram ratomRac misi warmodgena
ver moxerxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
Mmocemul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sxdomaze wakiTxul

iqna T. d-Zis Cveneba, rac gaiziara sasamarTlom da sa-
fuZvlad daudo gamamtyunebel ganaCens.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze faqtobrivad n.

g-evas mimarT sxva dakiTxuli mowmeebi mis sawinaaRmde-
god Cvenebas ar iZlevian. xolo rac Seexeba vinme `manan-
as,~ `ninos,~ romlebTanac TurqeTSi Semxebloba hqonda
dazaralebulad cnobil s. b-vas, maTi warmodgena da da-
kiTxva ver moxerxda, verc winaswari gamoZiebis stadi-
aze, verc sasamarTlo sxdomaze. gamoZiebam da sasamarT-
lom ar isargebles saq. sssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli saer-
TaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis institutiT. A
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom n. g-evas mimarT wardge-
377
nil braldebas da gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni damyarebu-
lia mxolod dazaralebulis urTierTsawinaaRmdego
Cvenebaze da T. d-Zes mier winaswari gamoZiebisaTvis
micemuli Cvenebaze, romelic wakiTxuli iqna sasamarT-
los sxdomaze. Aarada gamamtyuvnebeli ganaCeni unda
emyarebodes utyuar mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas
(iseve rogorc sabraldebo daskvna da yvela sxva sap-
roceso gadawyvetileba - saq. sssk-is me-10 mux. mesame
nawili – Zv. kodeqsi).
sasamarTlo ukritikod iRebs dazaralebulad cnobil

b-vas urTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebas sasamarTlos
sxdomaze, sadac igi saubrobs, rom: g-vam miTxra, main-
teresebs, sad cxovrob da pasporti manaxeo, vaCvene pas-
porti da g-evam amis Semdeg aRar damibruna.
ramdenad gasaziarebelia es Cveneba? gana n. g-eva, ver

xedavda, sad cxovrobda s. b-va TurqeTSi? Aan amgvari
informaciis misaRebad ra aucileblobas warmoadgens
pasportSi Caxedva? aseve s. b-eva saubrobs imis Sesaxeb,
rom Tu `g-eva ar gagviyvanda, CveniT gareT ver gavi-
dodiT, pasporti ar gvqonda da policia dagviWerdao.
b-vas es Cveneba ar unda CaiTvalos sarwmunod, radgan Tu

mas pasporti marTlac warTmeuli hqonda, aseT SemTx-
vevaSi n. g-eva ver iqneboda garanti imisa, rom policia
maT ar daiWerdaT. Tu b-vas imis Tqma surs, rom gojae-
vasTan erTad quCaSi yofnisas policiels am gogonebis
passports Tavad g-eva (e.w. trefikeri) warudgenda,
aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavad gojaevas mimarT gaCndeboda
eWvi, radgan mas Tan daaqvs ucxo moqalaqeTa (Tanac ax-
algazrda gogonebis) pasporti. A
Aaq sasamarTlos sxva kiTxvac unda gasCenoda: Tuki go-
378
jaevas es gogonebi marTlac gahyavda quCaSi Tavisi meg-
zurobiT, ra garantia hqonda mas, rom isini policiis
gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi, iqve, gojievas TandaswrebiT ar
mimarTavdnen mas saSvelad da ar amxeldnen gojaevas?
Aanda, ratom erTxelac ar isargebles momentiT, roca
quCaSi midiodnen da Sexvdnen an Cauares policiels,
Tuki marTlac iZulebiT iyvnen dakavebuli gojaevas
mier?
sasamarTlos srulyofilad unda gamoekvlia yveleferi

es da gamoetana Sesabamisi daskvna.
sisxlis samarTlis saqme m. C-Zis braldebis gamo

(adamianiT vaWroba)
mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmec iseve rogorc yve-

la winamdebare, daiwyo dazaralebulis gancxadebiT.
aRniSnul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxisgebaSi micmeul iqna mxolod marina (oganesiani)
CxikvaiZe. dazaralebulis (msxverplis) dilrabo r-vas
CvenebiT gamoikveTa pirTa jgufi, romlebic monawil-
eobdnen dazaralebulis sazRvargareT (kerZod ki, ara-
beTis gaerTianebul emiratebSi) gayvanaSi, magram ra-
tomRac sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba dadga
mxolod m. (oganesiani) C-Zis mimarT. gamoZiebis orga-
noebi ar dainteresdnen sxva pirTa saqmianobiT, romle-
bic ar arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeni, rom araferi vTq-
vaT uzbekeTisa da arabTa gaerTianebuli emiratebis
moqalaqeebze.
gamoZiebas ar gadaumowmebia dazaralebul d. r-vas

mier micemuli Cvenebis siswore. dazaralebulma ki Tav-
is CvenebaSi daasaxela uamravi piri (aseve aRwera maTi
garegnoba), riTac gamoZiebas misca SesaZlebloba, Sees-
379
wavla obieqturi realoba, daedgina iuridiuli faqti
da masTan dakavSirebuli garemoebani. yovelive es ar
iqna gamoyenebuli gamoZiebis organoebis mxridan.
kerZod, gamoZiebas saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dax-

marebis safuZvelze SeeZlo uzbekeTis moqalaqis, e.w.
gamoZiebiT daudgeneli vinme `nargizas~ dadgena da mis-
gan Cvenebis miReba (dazaralebulma kargad icoda da aR-
wera kidec misi sacxovrebeli adgili q. samaryandaSi).
gamoZiebas aseve SeeZlo braldebulis Cvenebis safuZ-

velze daedgina turisruli firmis saxelwodeba da
adgilsamyofeli. Semdeg ki gaerkvia am firmis Tanam-
Sromel vinme ìras~ pirovneba, raTa garkveuliyo, ra
roli iTamaSa man mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi. A
gamoZiebas unda daedgina, ase martivad rogor moaxerx-

es saqmeSi monawile pirebma, uzbekeTis moqalaqisaTvis
saqarTvelos moqalaqis piradobis damadasturebeli
mowmobis, sazRvargareTis pasportis da emiratebis
vizis damzadeba (vin ganaxorciela yovelive es)?
gamoZiebas saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis in-

stitutis gamoyenebiT unda daedgina dazaralebulis
CvenebaSi miTiTebuli pirebi, romlebic cxovrobdnen
arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebis Semdeg qalaqebSi:
q. bardubaiSi (qalbatoni samira, romlis telefonis
nomeric ki icodnen), q. rigasTridiSi (indusi, vinme
faruxi).
saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi daxmarebis institutis

gaTvaliswineba sxvadasxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT,
upirveles yovlisa, imas niSnavs, rom kacobriobam,
msoflio sazogadoebam, erToblivad, organizebulad
380
ganaxorcielos brZola, iseTi saSiSi transnaciona-
luri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg, rogoricaa adamianiT
vaWroba.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gvxdeba iseTi SemTxvevac,

roca braldebis dadasturebisaTvis Tavad dazarale-
bulis Cvenebac ki ver gamodgeba. Aamis magaliTia
Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeTa kolegiis mier ganxiluli sisxlis samarT-
lis saqme zoia aloianis mimarT- nomeri 1/a-141 (ada-
mianiT vaWroba).
ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi naTqvamia: dazarale-

bulma naTia x-Svilma da dazaralebulma Tea p-Svilma
daadastures maT mier winaswar gamoZiebaSi micemuli
Cvenebebi.
gana sasamarTlos misia isaa, rom darwmundes – winaswari

gamoZiebis dros procesis monawileebis mier micemuli
Cveneba identuria sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros mice-
muli Cvenebisa?
zoia aloianis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, zoia aloia-

nis braldeba gamyarebulia imiT, rom: z. aloianma gaay-
alba dazaralebulis - naTia x-Svilisa da Tea p-Svilis
pasportebi, kerZod, gadaaswora dabadebis TariRebi,
ramdenadac `q. dubaiSi 30 wlamde mandilosnebs ar uS-
vebdnen,~ Semdgom ganaCenSi SeniSnulia, rom q. dubais
aeroportSi gamovlinda xsenebuli pirebis pasporteb-
Si siyalbe da moxda maTi deportacia. ganaCenis mixed-
viT, amis Semdeg dazaralebulebma dawves bileTebi da
vizebi, xolo pasportebi ki miutanes m. x-Svils, rac ver
iqna amoRebuli.
gamodis, rom z. aloianis braldebis damadasturebeli

381
mTeli rigi mtkicebulebebi (maT Soris gayalbebuli
pasportebi) saqmeSi ar aris, rCeba mxolod dazarale-
bulTa Cvenebebi, saidanac srulebiTac ar dasturdeba
dazaralebulad cnobili gogonebis motyuebis faqti,
radgan maT ver CaaRwies dubaimde. Aamdenad, gaurkveve-
lia, ra bedi ewodaT maT, rom Casuliyvnen daniSnulebis
adgilas.
sasamarTloebi saqmis ganxilvisas zogjer gverds

uvlian procesis uSualobisa da zepirobis princi-
pis gamoyenebas (sssk me-20 m-is me-2 da me-3 naw.- Zveli
kodeqsi), romlis mixedviTac sasamarTlo sxdomaze
dakiTxuli piri Cvenebas iZleva zepirad (me-2 n.) da
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad udevs mx-
olod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic gamorkveuli iyo
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT (me-3 n.).
Yyvelaferi es ki niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlo gadaw-

yvetilebas safuZvlad unda daedos ara winaswar gamoZie-
baSi micemuli Cvenebebi, aramed procesze uSualod mos-
menili da gamokvleouli Cvenebebi (marTalia, SesaZle-
belia ZiebaSi micemuli Cvenebis gamoqveynebis SesaZle-
blobac, magram es kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevaSi).
Aamis magaliTad gamodgeba T. q-avas mimarT ss saqme ada-

mianiT vaWrobis braldebiT.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa kolegiis mier gamotanil ganaCenSi aRniSnu-
lia, rom: `gansasjel Tamar qarCavas mier sasamarTlo
sxdomaze micemuli aRiarebiTi Cveneba danaSaulis Cad-
enis Sesaxeb, aseve dadasturebulia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze winaswari gamoZiebisas Sekrebil mtkicebule-
baTa erTobliobiT~ da CamoTvlis winaswari gamoZiebis
mier mopovebul mtkicebulebaTa saxeebs. ris Sedega-
dac daaskvnis, amdenad, `sasamarTlos dadasturebu-
382
lad miaCnia, rom gansasjelma T.q-avam Caidina adamianiT
vaWroba (trefikingi), dazaralebulis sazRvargareT
gavyaniT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sssk-is
1431 muxlis meore nawilis è~ qvepunqtiT.~
rogorc vxedavT, uSualod sasamarTlo sxdomaze mos-

menil da gamokvleul iqna mxolod gansasjelis Cveneba,
romelic marTalia, iyo aRiarebiTi, magram es sss kanon-
mdeblobiT srulebiT araa sakmarisi gamamtyuvnebeli
ganaCenis dasadgenad.
sasamarTlo gansasjelis mier micemuli Cvenebis dasa-

dastureblad iSveliebs winaswar gamoZiebaSi Sekrebil
mtkicebulebebs, rac mas uSualod ar mousmenia da ar
gamoukvlevia.
praqtikaSi vawydebiT SemTxvevas, roca gamoZiebam

marTalia, isargebla saerTaSoriso ss daxmarebiT,
ris safuZvelzec moxda dazaralebulis mier dasax-
elebul pirTa (savaraudod `trefikerTa~) dakiTxva,
magram maTi Cveneba ss saqmeSi darCa mxolod Cvenebad
da ar dadga maTi ss pasuxisgebaSi micemis sakiTxi.
Aamis magaliTad gamodgeba sisxlis samarTlis saqme ada-

mianiT vaWrobisaTvis m- a-iZis braldebaze.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saerTaSoriso

samarTlebrivi daxmarebis gziT, saqarTvelos general-
uri prokuraturis werilis safuZvelze moxda Turqe-
Tis moqalaqeebis dakiTxva. maTi Cvenebebi gadmogza-
vnil iqna saqarTvelos generalur prokuraturaSi
da daerTo saqmes, magram ucnobia, ra zomebi gatarda
adamianiT vaWrobaSi monawile TurqeTis moqalaqeebis
mimarT. kerZod, iqnen Tu ara isini sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi micemulni.
383
maS, ra azri aqvs im ucxoelTa dakiTxvas, romelTac ada-
mianiT vaWrobis msxverpli amxels danaSaulSi, Tuki maT
mimarT ucxo qveyanaSi ar ganxorcieldeba ss devna da am
saqmeSi ar iTanamSromleben saqarTvelosa da sxva qvey-
nis Sesabamisi organoebi?
vfiqrobT, unda Seiqmnas raime samarTlebrivi meqaniz-

mi, rac mogvcems imis garantias, rom saerTaSoriso
sisxlissamarTlebrivi daxmarebis safuZvelze mopove-
buli mtkicebulebebi ar darCeba iuridiuli Sefasebis
gareSe, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sxva qveyanaSi. Ees ki
aamaRlebs am institutis mniSvnelobas transnaciona-
luri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi.
384
goCa mamulaSvili
samarTlis doqtori
Tavi IV
arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis (trefikingi)
samarTlebriv-sociologiuri analizi
§1. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)
meTodologia. bavSvTa trefikingis kvlevisas dav-

emyareT sisxlis samarTlis samecniero literaturas,
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sociologiur kvleveb-
sa da informaciebs, saerTaSoriso aqtebs da erovnul
kanonmdeblobas, sasamarTlo praqtikas da statistikas,
sagazeTo statiebs da informaciebs internetis qselSi,
Ecpat internaonal-is angariSebs72, CavatareT gamokiTxva
sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebis da samarTal-
72
Ecpat _ abreviatura niSnavs `bolo movuRoT bavSvTa prosti-
tucias, bavSvTa pornografias da bavSvebiT vaWrobas seqsua-
luri mizniT~. es aris saerTaSoriso qseli organizaciebisa
da kerZo pirebisa, romlebic erTad muSaoben bavSvTa pros-
tituciis, pornografiis da vaWrobis aRmosafxvrelad. Ecpat-
is mandati iTvaliswinebs bavSvTa komerciul seqsualur
eqspluataciasTan brZolas. igi daarsda 1991 wels rogorc
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da kerZo pirebis jgufi
aziaSi bavSvTa seqsturizmis aRmofxvris kampaniisTvis. 1996
wels am jgufma gaacnobiera, rom bavSvTa komerciuli seqsua-
luri eqspluatacia izrdeba da xdeba globaluri fenomeni,
romelsac ramdenime forma aqvs. gadawyda, rom gazrdili-
yo misi sazRvrebi da mas moecva iseTi sakiTxebic, rogori-
caa bavSvTa pornografia da bavSvebiT vaWroba seqsualuri
eqspluataciis mizniT. igi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriv
organizaciad gadaiqca. misi qseli Sedgeba 69 jgufisa da in-
dividualuri wevrisgan, romlebic msoflios 70-ze met qveya-
naSi muSaoben. misma kvlevebma da angariSebma didi daxmareba
gagviwia problemis Seswavlasa da gaanalizebaSi.
385
damcavi organizaciebis warmomadgenlebTan, romlebic
trefikingis msxverpl bavSvebTan muSaoben.
kvlevisTvis SeZlebisdagvarad mravalmxrivi informa-

cia movipoveT. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom arasrulwlovanTa
winaaRmdeg danaSaulis Sesaxeb monacemTa erTiani bazis
ararseboba saqarTveloSi didi xelSemSleli faqtoria
warmatebuli kvlevisa da swori daskvnebis gasakeTe-
blad.
ZiriTadi normatiuli baza bavSvTa trefikingisa da se-

qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg
XX saukunis pirveli naxevridan msoflio Tanamego-

brobis zrunvis sagnad iqca bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
uzrunvelyofa. saxeldobr, 1924 wels JenevaSi miRe-
bul iqna deklaracia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, 1959
wels _ gaeros deklaracia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb,
1989 wels _ gaeros konvencia bavSvis uflebebis Ses-
axeb, 1995 wels _ pekinis moqmedebaTa platforma, 1996
wels bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso kongresze, stokholmSi, Se-
muSavda RonisZiebaTa gegma, romelic stokholmis geg-
mis saxeliTaa cnobili. dReisaTvis es gegma miRebuli
da aRiarebulia 161 qveynis mier. am RonisZiebaTa gagr-
Zeleba iyo meore kongresi, romelic 2001 wels Catarda
iaponiaSi (iokohama) da mesame kongresi, romelic bra-
ziliaSi Catarda 2008 wels da a.S.
dResdReobiT saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mier ada-

mianebiT vaWrobasa da monobasTan sabrZolvelad miRe-
bulia saerTaSoriso aqtebis iseTi raodenoba, romel-
sac TavisTavad sWirdeba sistematizacia da ganzogade-
386
ba maTi urTierTkavSiris asaxsnelad, winaaRmdegobaTa
aRmosafxvrelad. (dReisaTvis miRebulia 22 aqti).
rogorc aRvniSneT, pirveli damoukidebeli dokumen-

ti, romelic msoflio Tanamegobrobam bavSvTa ufle-
bebis dasacavad miiRo, iyo bavSvis uflebebis Jenevis
deklaracia, romelic jer kidev 1924 wels gamocxadda.
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb sxva umniSvnelovanes saerTa-
Soriso dokumentebs miekuTvneba _ msoflio deklara-
cia bavSvTa gadarCenis, dacvisa da ganviTarebis uzrun-
velyofis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebulia gaeros 1990 wlis
30 seqtembris msoflio Sexvedraze.
2002 wlis briuselis deklaracia adamianebiT vaWro-

bis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, prioritetul interesad Tvlis
bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan brZolas. deklaracia evropul
da msoflio sazogadoebas mouwodebs am mimarTulebiT
Zalisxmevis Semdgomi ganviTarebisken, agreTve, konk-
retuli RonisZiebebis da standartebis SemuSavebisa
da saukeTeso gamocdilebis gavrcelebisaken adamianiT
vaWrobasTan sabrZolvelad.
2000 wlis 15 noembers palermoSi (italia) miRebul

iqna transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis adamianTa, gansakuTrebiT
qalebiTa da bavSvebiT vaWrobis Tavidan acilebis,
aRkveTisa da damnaSaveTa dasjis damatebiTi protoko-
li. am dokumentSi mocemulia adamianebiT vaWrobis
Zalian farTo ganmarteba. oqmi aseve ganmartavs eqspl-
uataciis cnebasac.
bolo wlebSi evropis sabWom didi roli iTamaSa rigi

sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebis momzadebaSi bavSvTa se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
saxeldobr, 2004 wels ZalaSi Sevida konvencia kiber-
387
damnaSaveobis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac rekomende-
bulia, kriminalizebul iqnes kompiuteruli sistemis
meSveobiT bavSvTa pornografiis damzadeba, gavrcele-
ba, gadacema, SeTavazeba, aseve misi floba kompiuter-
ul sistemaSi an monacemTa Senaxvis saSualebebSi. 2005
wlis 16 maiss miRebulia evropis sabWos konvencia
adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZo-
lis Sesaxeb; cota xnis win evropis sabWom miiRo axali
konvencia bavSvTa dasacavad eqspluataciisa da seq-
sualuri xasiaTis xelyofisagan (CSEA), romelic Riaa
xelmosawerad 2007 wlis 25 oqtombridan. konvencia
miznad isaxavs bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis da se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg brZolas, msxver-
pli bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas, saerTaSoriso TanamS-
romlobis gaZlierebas am movlenasTan sabrZolvelad.
sainteresoa is faqti, rom es konvencia danaSaulad
aRiarebs sainformacio sakomunikacio teqnologiebis
meSveobiT bavSvTa pornografiasTan daSvebis SesaZle-
blobis Segnebulad micemas da Semoaqvs axali danaSau-
lis gansazRvreba, romelic qarTulad vTargmneT ro-
gorc `kiber-arSiyi~.
zemoT motanili saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebis da konven-

ciebis debulebebi ama Tu im formiT da xarisxiT trans-
formirebulia araerTi qveynis erovnul kanonmdeblo-
baSi. dReisTvis msoflios 180 qveyanas aqvs kanonmde-
bloba adamianebiT vaWrobasTan sabrZolvelad, Tumca
es meqanizmebi urTierTgansxvavebulia. qveynebis erTi
nawili adamianebiT vaWrobas aigivebs prostitucias-
Tan da maWanklobasTan (germania, holandia, espaneTi da
sxv.), qveynebis meore nawili adamianebiT vaWrobas ar
aigivebs maWanklobasTan an iZulebiT prostitucias-
Tan da damoukidebel pasuxismgeblobas adgens uSualod
adamianis gayidvisTvis (poloneTi, ukraina, saqarTvelo
388
da sxv.). aris qveynebi, romlebic adamianiT vaWrobas Tum-
ca ar aigiveben maWanklobasTan, magram arc calke pasux-
ismgeblobas adgenen adamianis yidva-gayidvisTvis. maTi
kodeqsebiT gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba adamia-
nis motacebisTvis an/da Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkve-
TisTvis. termini àdamianiT vaWroba~ maT kodeqsebSi ar
gamoiyeneba (iaponia, dania, Svecia, bulgareTi da sxv.).
zogierTi qveynis kanonmdeblobiT pasuxismgebloba
calkea gaTvaliswinebuli adamianebis gadabirebisTvis
seqsualuri an sxva saxis eqspluataciisTvis (israeli,
belarusi, uzbekeTi da sxv.).73
yovelive es imaze metyvelebs, rom sxvadasxva kul-

turebs da saerTaSoriso wyaroebs gansxvavebulad es-
miT am movlenis Sinaarsi.
rac Seexeba qarTuli antitrefikinguli kanonmde-

blobis geneziss, Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi
termins àdamianebiT vaWroba~ ar icnobs, Tumca bavS-
vebis motaceba da stambulis bazarze gayidva qarTuli
sinamdvilis samarcxvino furceli iyo. swored amitom,
Zveli qarTuli samarTlis wyaroebSi adamianis gayidvis
amkrZalav normebs vxvdebiT. magaliTad, me-16 sauku-
nis pirveli naxevris qarTuli samarTlis Zegli `kaTa-
likosTa samarTali~ gvamcnobs, rom Tu vinme kacs gay-
idis, miuxedavad socialuri mdgomareobisa, SeCvenebiT
daisjeba (SeCveneba umaRlesi saeklesio sasjelia). Tu
gamoZiebiT uciloblad dadgindeba, rom pirma kaci
gayida, unda daixsnas da sauravi daaurvos misi samw-
ysos episkoposs da mis batons. Tu amas ver gaakeTebs-
sikvdiliT daisjeba (Zelsa mieces).74 vaxtang meeqvsis
73
ix. Предотвращение торговли людьми и эксплуатации детей, Киев, 2006.
74
ix. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi I, Tb., 1963, gv. 393.
389
samarTlis wignis 96-e da 97-e muxlebi adamianis, maT Soris
bavSvis gayidvis akrZalvas eTmoba75.
ssr kavSiri adamianebiT vaWrobis problemas ar aRi-

arebda. Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi
aqtebis ratifikaciis dros specialur daTqmas akeTeb-
da imis Sesaxeb, rom amgvari movlena qveyanaSi ar arse-
bobs da ratifikacia mxolod im mizniT xdeboda, rom
sxva qveynebis ZalisxmevisTvis mxari daeWira. cxadia,
rom yvelaferi aseTi calsaxa ar iyo. saukunis bevri
grandiozuli mSenebloba iZulebiTi SromiT xorciel-
deboda, romelic scildeboda Sromis saerTaSoriso
organizaciis standartebs da eqspluataciis saxe hqon-
da.76 samSobiaro saxlebidan Cvil bavSvTa gayidva aseve
Cveulebrivi praqtika iyo sabWoTa sinamdvileSi.
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ssr kavSiris daSlam, gegmi-

uri centralizebuli ekonomikidan sabazro ekonomika-
ze gadasvlam, didi socialuri Zvrebi gamoiwvia. post-
sabWoTa qveynebSi ekonomikurma vardnam ganapiroba
umuSevroba, cxovrebis pirobebis mkveTri gauareseba,
masobrivi migracia dasavleTis qveynebSi. aseT viTa-
rebaSi bavSvTa didi raodenoba aRmoCnda daucveli sx-
vadasxva formis eqspluataciisgan.
1997 wlis 17 oqtombris kanoniT, saqarTvelos sisx-

lis samarTlis kodeqss daemata 1272-e muxli _ bavSviT
vaWroba, romliTac pasuxismgebloba dadginda bavSvis
yidva-gayidvisa an sxva garigebis ganxorcielebisT-
vis. amave Sinaarsis normam asaxva hpova axali sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 172-e muxlSi. 2006 wlis 25 ivliss
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss daemata 1432-e muxli aras-
rulwlovniT vaWroba, romelSic saerTaSoriso stan-
75
ix. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi I, Tb., 1963, gv. 506.
76
ix. Е. Б. Мизулина, Торговля людьми и рабство в России, М., 2006.
390
dartebis Sesabamisad Camoyalibda trefikingis da-
naSaulis Semadgenloba, xolo 2007 wlis 8 maiss, tre-
fikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos
rekomendaciis safuZvelze sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss
daemata 1433-e muxli _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikin-
gis) msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba. evrosabWos
CarCo gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelze sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqss aseve daemata 2551-e (arasrulwlovanis
Cabma pornografiuli nawarmoebis damzadebasa da gas-
aRebaSi, 25.07.2006) da 3441-e muxli (saqarTvelos sax-
elmwifo sazRvarze migrantis ukanono gadayvana an/da
saqarTveloSi yofnisTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna,
25.07.2006).
bavSvTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis erovnul meqa-

nizmebs (instrumentebs) Soris unda davasaxeloT saqa-
rTvelos 2006 wlis 28 aprilis kanoni adamianiT vaWro-
bis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb. amasTa-
nave, saqarTvelom SeimuSava da 2006 wlis 20 noembridan
aamoqmeda msxverplis interesebis dacvaze orientire-
buli erovnuli referaluri meqanizmi. trefikingis
msxverpl, dazaralebul bavSvTa mimarT gamoiyeneba
gaeros 1989 wlis bavSvTa uflebaTa konvenciiT da ada-
mianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
bavSvTa uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebi da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis mier adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpl bavS-
vTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb miRebuli saxelmZRvane-
lo miTiTebebi.
2006 wels miRebul iqna kanoni òjaxSi Zaladobis aRkve-

Tis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da dax-
marebis Sesaxeb~, romelic ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpl
bavSvTa dacvasa da reabilitacias iTvaliswinebs.
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos gaaCnia sa-
391
Tanado normatiuli baza, rogorc adamianebiT vaWro-
basTan, ise momijnave danaSaulebTan sabrZolvelad,
rogorebicaa: ukanono migracia, arasrulwlovnis Cabma
prostituciaSi, pornografiuli nawarmoebis damzade-
basa da gasaRebaSi, maTxovrobasa an sxva antisazogadoe-
briv qmedebaSi, adamianis organos an qsovilis aRebis
iZuleba, ukanono garigeba Svilad ayvanis mizniT da sxv.
§ 2. bavSvebis trefikingi da komerciuli seqsualuri

eqspluatacia rogorc Tanamedroveobis globaluri
problema
saerTaSoriso standartebiT bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde

asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki romelime qveynis kanonm-
deblobis mixedviT, bavSvi ufro adre ar aRwevs srul-
wlovnebas.
msoflioSi wlidan wlamde sul ufro meti bavSvi

gahyavT sxvadasxva qveynebsa Tu regionebSi ama Tu im
aralegaluri samuSaos Sesasruleblad, komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciisaTvis, Svilad asayvanad da
sxva mizniT.
eqspertebis SefasebiT yovelwliurad msoflioSi 1-1,2

milioni bavSvi xdeba vaWrobis msxverpli. arsebobs ase-
Ti statistikac: globaluri masStabiT trefikingis
msxverplTa 80%-mde gogonebia, aqedan 50% arasrul-
wlovania. Tumca dResdReobiT vaWrobisa da eqsplua-
taciis msxverpli bavSvebis zusti ricxvis gansazRvris
SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, radganac ar arsebobs say-
ovelTaod aRiarebuli meTodika amgvari SefasebebisT-
vis, aseve trefikingis Sinaarsis erTgvarovani gageba
sxvadasxva kulturebSi. SedarebiT iolia am cifris
gansazRvra erTi qveynis farglebSi, Tumca aqac sx-
392
vadasxva wyarodan miRebuli informacia maT sakuTar
interesebs ufro asaxavs, vidre problemis arss. mag-
aliTad, saxelmwifo informaciis wyaroebi amcireben
an saerTod uaryofen problemis arsebobas, saerTa-
Soriso arenaze sakuTari reputaciis dasacavad, xolo
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monacemebi xSirad
moklebulia dasabuTebulobas.
bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebis marTebuli

midgomiT, erTi bavSvis eqspluataciac ki, ukve bevria.
Tumca, samwuxarod, amgvari bavSvebis raodenoba mil-

ionebs aRwevs.
bavSvebiT vaWroba xorcieldeba rogorc ama Tu im qvey-

nis farglebs gareT, ise erTi qveynis SigniTac. ufro
gavrcelebul movlenad iTvleba maTi sazRvargareT gay-
idva. adamianebiT vaWrobasTan dakavSirebul qveynebs, geo-
grafiuli sazRvrebis gadalaxviT sam kategoriad yofen:
warmoSobis qveyana, tranzitis qveyana da daniSnulebis
qveyana. zogierTi qveyana samive kategoriaSi xvdeba, mag-
aliTad, ruseTi, CineTi, brazilia da sxv.
iaraRiTa da narkotikebiT vaWrobisagan gansxvavebiT

bavSvebiT vaWroba SedarebiT usafrTxo, naklebad sa-
risko biznesia. Tanac bavSvebi ramdenjerme SeiZleba
iqcnen yidva-gayidvis sagnad, rasac miliardobiT Semo-
savali moaqvs.
vaWrobis da sazogadod eqspluataciis msxverpli bavS-

vebis zrda dakavSirebulia ekonomikur krizisTan,
siRaribesTan, saomar konfliqtebTan, bunebriv katak-
lizmebTan, sust saimigracio kontrolTan, arasrul-
wlovnebis seqsualur momsaxurebaze moTxovnilebis
zrdasTan da sxva uamrav mizezTan.
393
vaWrobis an sxva ukanono garigebis msxverpli bavS-
vebi gamoiyeneba komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplua-
taciisTvis, romlis formebia bavSvTa prostitucia,
bavSvTa pornografia, bavSvTa seqsturizmi, aseve Sro-
mis eqspluataciisTvis; danaSaulebriv, Tu sxva anti-
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi Casabmelad, iZulebiTi do-
norobisTvis da sxv.
srulwlovanTa trefikingis msgavsad, bavSvTa tre-

fikingic, sam stadias moicavs: msxverplis gadabireba,
transportireba da gadacema eqspluataciisTvis, ma-
gram es stadiebi SesaZloa nawilobriv daemTxves. bavS-
vebi trefikingis msxverpli xSirad imave mizezebiT
xdebian, riTac srulwlovnebi, magram bavSvebi sxvadasx-
va cxovrebiseuli gamowvevebis winaSe gamoucdelebi
arian maTi fizikuri da gonebrivi moumwifeblobis
gamo, xolo socialuri uzrunvelyofis da marTlm-
sajulebis saxelmwifoebrivi sistema xSirad bavSvebs
ar icavs saTanadod. amgvarad bavSvebis eqspluatacia
ufro iolia, vidre didebis. ar arsebobs trefikingis
msxverpli bavSvis tipi, magram arsebobs uamravi mizezi,
rac bavSvs daucvels xdis. adamianebiT vaWrobaSi bavS-
vebis CaTrevis ZiriTad xerxad Tvlian mimzidveli pi-
robebis SeTavazebas. fulis Sovnis SesaZleblobaze
bavSvebis darwmuneba iolia, radgan isini ijereben yve-
la istorias, rasac uyvebian. trefikingis msxverplad
qceuli bevri bavSvi Tvlis, rom namdvili samuSao Ses-
Tavazes sastumroSi, kafe-barSi, kerZo saxlSi. komer-
ciuli garigebis monawile bavSvebma zogjer ician, rom
ufrosi adamianebis seqsualuri momsaxurebisaTvis
gamoiyeneben, magram warmodgenac ara aqvT im Zalado-
baze, romelsac daeqvemdebarebian.
trefikingis msxverpl did riskjgufs Seadgens ojaxur

Zaladobas gamoqceuli bavSvebi. arasrulwlovnebi,
394
romlebsac surT gaeqcnen ojaxur ubedurebas, ar
ufiqrdebian mosalodnel problemebs, maT ara aqvT
safrTxeebis ganWvretis gamocdileba. amgvari bavS-
vebis gadabireba SesaZlebelia iseTi xerxebiTac, ro-
goricaa TavSesafris da saWmlis SeTavazeba. upatrono
da miusafari bavSvebiT manipulireba iolia, maT in-
teresebs aravin daicavs, aravin gamoesarCleba. tre-
fikingis organizatorebma kargad ician amis Sesaxeb da
mzad arian isargeblon amiT sakuTari miznebisTvis. zo-
gierTi mSobeli Segnebulad yidis Tavis bavSvs adamia-
niT movaWreebs. amis erT-erTi mizezi siRaribea, magram
sxva faqtorebic moqmedeben: ojaxSi incestis damalvis
aucilebloba, narkotikebze damokidebuleba, iolad
fulis Sovnis survili, gogonebis diskriminacia da sxv.
dadgenilia, rom bavSvis nacnob adamianebs umniSvnelo
anazRaurebis sanacvlod, SeuZliaT gadambireblis
roli iTamaSon da daarwmunon bavSvi Caebas sxvadasxva
saxis komerciul seqsualur urTierTobebSi anda sax-
lidan Sors wavides bedis saZebrad. xSirad bavSvebi
sazRvargareT wasvlis gadawyvetilebas iReben Tavisi
da mSoblebis materialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobe-
seblad, Tavdajereblobis da damoukideblobis mo-
sapoveblad, msoflios sanaxavad da sxv. ojaxis wevrebi
xSirad amas ar ewinaaRmdegebian, radgan maTgan fulad
gzavnilebs elodebian. ucxoeTSi wasvlas advilad
Tanxmdebian sakuTar samSobloSi perspeqtivadakar-
guli bavSvebi, isini cdiloben gaeqcnen Tavi qveyanaSi
arsebul realobas da ukeTesi cxovreba ipovon sxvagan,
zogierTi daqorwinebaze fiqrobs an swavlaze da a.S.
zogjer adamianiT movaWreebi itaceben da yidian aras-

rulwlovnebs, maTi gadabirebisTvis aseve mimarTaven
muqaras da iZulebas, garda uxeSi fizikuri Zalado-
bisa, zogierTi msxverpli aracnobier mdgomareobaSi
395
mohyavT alkoholis, narkotikis, toqsinebis gamoyen-
ebiT da Semdgom axorcieleben maT gadaadgilebas.
bavSvebis viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyob garemoe-

bebze qvemoT vimsjelebT.
msxverplis gadabirebis Semdeg xdeba misi gadayvana

daniSnulebis (eqspluataciis) adgilze. trefikingis es
stadia ar gansxvavdeba srulwlovanTa trefikingisgan.
msxverplis transportirebis xerxebi da saSualebebi
(legaluri an aralegaluri gadaadgileba, saxmeleTo,
sazRvao an sahaero transportiT, rogorc wesi arahu-
manur da saSiS pirobebSi) damokidebulia imaze, kargad
organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufTan (organizacia-
sTan) gvaqvs saqme, Tu spontanurad moqmedTan, anda in-
dividualurad, adamianiT vaWrobis garigebis rome-
lime stadiaSi monawile pirTan. rogorc wesi, adamianiT
movaWre uzrunvelyofs mgzavrobisTvis aucilebel do-
kumentebs, mgzavrobisTvis saWiro Tanxas da satrans-
porto saSualebebs.
sabolood, daniSnulebis adgilas misuli msxver-

pli danaSaulebrivi organizaciis an individualuri
movaWris sakuTreba xdeba, saidanac mogeba unda naxon.
am etapze, aseve, mniSvnelovania msxverplze kontroli,
raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli gaqceva. amisTvis sx-
vadasxva meTodebs mimarTaven, rogoricaa msxverplis
izolireba, Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SesaZleblobis
aRkveTa, muqara, SantaJi (ojaxis wevrebis mier dagmobis
SiSi), savalo kabala da sxv.
bavSvebiT vaWroba sxvadasxva formebs iRebs: organize-

buli prostitucia, pornografia, seqsturizmi da a.S.
saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobilia bavSvTa eqspluata-
396
ciis Semdegi formebi: komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplu-
atacia, romelic Tavis mxriv moicavs bavSvTa prosti-
tucias, bavSvTa pornografias, bavSvTa seqs-turizms;
bavSvTa Sromis eqspluatacia, arasrulwlovanis Cabma
danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi
(wvrilmani qurdoba, maTxovroba da sxva); organoebiT
vaWroba (iZulebiTi donoroba); arasrulwlovnebis gam-
oyeneba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi, naadrevi qorwine-
bebi da ukanono Svileba (arsebobs mravali demografi-
uli, socialuri da kulturuli xasiaTis mizezi, ris
gamoc izrdeba moTxovnileba arasrulwlovan colebze
da komerciuli mizniT Svilad ayvanaze).
zogjer bavSvebi komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataci-

is msxverplni xdebian sxva, naklebad TvalSisacem situa-
ciaSic, magaliTad, Sinamosamsaxuris saxiT maTi eqsplu-
ataciis dros, am SemTxvevaSi bavSvs qiraoben kerZo saxl-
Si an rezidenciaSi garkveuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad,
magram damsaqmebeli Tvlis, rom es bavSvi SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebul iqnes seqsualuri miznebiTac.
stokholmis 1996 wlis msoflio kongresze miRebuli

deklaraciis mixedviT `bavSvTa komerciuli seqsua-
luri eqspluatacia _ bavSvis uflebebis seriozuli
darRvevaa. igi moicavs srulwlovnis mxridan bavSvze
seqsualur Zaladobas an eqspluatacias da fuliT anda
naturiT anazRaurebas bavSvisTvis an mesame pirisTvis.
bavSvi ganixileba rogorc seqsis da vaWrobis sagani.
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia aris
iZulebis da Zaladobis forma bavSvebze da uTanabrde-
ba iZulebiT Sromas da monobis Tanamedrove formas~.
bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluatacia xSirad trefikingis
Sedegia, zogjer ki misi dasawyisi; es aris seqsualuri
Zaladoba, romelsac srulwlovani adamiani an Tana-
397
toli sCadis 18 wels miuRwevelTan, fuladi an natu-
raluri anazRaurebis sanacvlod, romelsac Tavad
bavSvs an mesame pirs uxdian.
saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT, bavSvTa komer-

ciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia komerciuli garige-
baa, romelsac mogeba moaqvs erTi an ramdenime pirisT-
vis. aq Sedis naturiT anazRaurebadi garigebebic, rad-
gan, xSirad es garigebebi ganixileba rogorc bavSvis
TanxmobiT ganxorcielebuli. sinamdvileSi ki bavSvis
seqsualuri eqspluatacia xorcieldeba mfarvelobis,
Ramis gasaTevis, skolaSi kargi Sefasebebis miRebis, sam-
saxurSi dawinaurebis sanacvlod da sxv. amgvar garige-
baze bavSvi gacnobierebul Tanxmobas veravis miscems
da igi im adamianebis msxverpli xdeba, vinc borotad
iyenebs Tavis mdgomareobas da Zalauflebas. bavSvi am
dros imyofeba ufrosi adamianis gavlenis qveS, amitom
iseT rames akeTebs, rasac Cveulebriv viTarebaSi ar
gaakeTebda. bavSvebi arasodes akeTeben arCevans seq-
sualur eqspluataciaze, amis gakeTebas maT aiZuleben
ufrosi adamianebi motyuebiT, eSmakobiT, veragobiT,
muqariT an ZaladobiT.
amgvarad, bavSvTa komerciul seqsualur eqspluata-

cias adgili aqvs maSin, roca srulwlovnebi iyeneben
bavSvs seqsualuri mizniT da anazRaureben amas fuliT,
saCuqrebiT an momsaxurebiT. saCuqari SeiZleba iyos,
magaliTad saWmeli an tansacmeli, xolo momsaxurebad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos TavSesafris micema an bavSvis dac-
va (mfarveloba).
Ecpat-is monacemebiT bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri

eqspluatacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva situ-
aciaSi (viTarebaSi), kerZod, es xdeba maSin roca: a) ada-
398
mianebi bavSvebTan seqsisTvis fuls ixdian bordelebSi,
sakuTar saxlebsa (binebsa) Tu quCaSi; b) adamianebi bavS-
vTan sqesobriv aqts iweren videofirze an amzadeben
fotoebs, g) bavSvebs yidian da yiduloben, raTa adami-
anebs maTTan seqsi hqondeT; d) adamianebi mogzauroben
iseT adgilebSi, sadac SesaZlebelia bavSvebTan seqsua-
luri urTierToba fulis an saCuqris sanacvlod.77
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia bavSvTa komerciul

seqsualur eqspluatacias ganixilavs bavSvTa Sromis
ukidures formad (Sso 1999 wlis konvencia bavSvTa
Sromis ukiduresi formebis Sesaxeb). saxeldobr, bavS-
vTa Sromis ukiduresi formebi moicavs: a) monobis an
monobis msgavsi praqtikis yvela formas, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, bavSvebis gayidva da bavSvebiT vaWroba,
savalo kabala da batonymuri damokidebuleba, agreTve
iZulebiTi an savaldebulo Sroma, maT Soris bavSvebis
iZulebiTi an savaldebulo daqiraveba SeiaraRebul
konfliqtebSi maTi gamoyenebis mizniT; b) bavSvis gamoy-
enebas, SeTavazebas an daqiravebas prostituciaSi, por-
nografiuli produqciis SeqmnisTvis, an pornografiu-
li warmodgenisTvis; g) bavSvis gamoyenebas, daqiravebas
an SeTavazebas marTlsawinaaRmdego saqmianobisTvis,
kerZod, narkotikebis warmoebisa da gayidvisTvis,
rogorc es gansazRvrulia Sesabamis saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebebSi; d) samuSaos, romelmac Tavisi xa-
siaTiT an pirobiT, romelSic is sruldeba, SeiZleba
ziani miayenos bavSvebis janmrTelobas, usafrTxoebas
an zneobas.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 34-e muxlis mixedviT, sax-

elmwifoebi valdebulebas kisruloben daicvan bavSvi
seqsualuri eqspluataciis da seqsualuri cdunebis
yvela formisgan. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoe-
77
ix. www. Ecpat international.net.
399
bi Rebuloben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa Tavidan
aicilon: a) bavSvis dayolieba nebismier ukanono seqsu-
alur qmedebaze an bavSvis iZuleba monawileobdes aseT
qmedebaSi; b) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba
prostituciaSi an sxva ukanono seqsualur praqtikaSi;
g) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba pornogra-
fiasa da pornografiul masalebSi. monawile saxelmwi-
foebi, aseve, Rebuloben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa
Tavidan aicilon bavSvTa motaceba, bavSvebiT vaWroba
an maTi kontrabanda nebismieri miznebiT da nebismieri
formiT.
bavSvTa prostitucia. bavSvTa prostituciis gan-

marteba mocemulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
damatebiT oqmSi, romlis mixedviTac bavSvTa prosti-
tucia niSnavs bavSvis gamoyenebas seqsualuri xasiaTis
moqmedebebSi fuladi an sxva saxis anazRaurebis fasad
(muxli me-2).
oqmi monawile saxelmwifoebs rekomendacias aZlevs

kriminalizebul iqnes bavSvis SeTavazeba, miReba, miwo-
deba an bavSvebiT uzrunvelyofa prostituciis mizniT.
bavSvTa prostitucia uZvelesi da globaluri prob-

lemaa. gaeros bavSvTa fondis monacemebiT, msoflioSi,
yoveldRiurad, daaxloebiT 2800 bavSvs aiZuleben pros-
titucias. prostituciaSi iTreven rogorc gogonebs,
ise biWebs. amasTanave, eqspertebi mianiSneben prosti-
tuciaSi Cabmuli biWebis raodenobis zrdis tendenci-
aze. magaliTad, aSS-Si komerciul seqsualur eqsplua-
taciaSi CabmulTa 51%-s biWebi Seadgenen. sazogadod,
msoflioSi aTeul aTasobiT bavSvis eqspluatacia xde-
ba prostituciaSi. eseni arian quCis bavSvebi ukrainasa
Tu ruseTSi, `pliaJis biWunebi~ Sri-lankaSi, iamaikasa
Tu keniaSi, saxlidan gamoqceuli bavSvebi aRmosavleT
Tu dasavleT evropaSi da a.S.
400
globalizaciis procesebma prostituciis masStabi
gazarda. bavSvTa prostituciis yvelaze maRali done
SemCneulia did da sakurorto qalaqebSi. bavSvTa pros-
tituciis centrad eqspertebi Tvlian samxreT-aR-
mosavleT azias. amas ganapirobebs siRaribis zrda, tur-
izmis ganviTareba. gaeros bavSvTa fondis monacemebiT
erT milionze meti bavSvi aziaSi, maT Soris indoeTSi,
tailandSi, filipinebze gayidulia bordelebSi an qu-
Cis suteniorebze prostituciaSi Casabmelad. ecpat-in-
ternational-is monacemebiT es ricxvi ufro didia. magali-
Tad, 2000 wels indoeTSi 2 mln bavSvi, samxreT koreaSi
500 000, filipinebze 75 000 bavSvi iyo prostituciaSi
Cabmuli. turistul katalogebSi Sri-lanka cnobilia
rogorc biWebis prostituciis centri, sadac 44 000
bavSvia Cabmuli prostituciaSi.78
aranaklebi popularobiT sargeblobs bavSvTa prosti-

tucia sxva qveynebSi. magaliTad, აშშ–ში 2 mln meZavidan
300 000-dan 600 000-mde bavSvebi da mozardebi arian 18
wlis asakamde.79
bavSvTa prostituciis realuri masStabis gansazRvra

Zalian rTulia, Tu SeuZlebeli ara. rogorc aRvniSneT,
bavSvTa prostitucia adamianis uflebaTa Seuwynare-
beli darRveva da monobis formaa. igi Sefasebulia ro-
gorc bavSvTa Sromis ukiduresi forma, amitom im qvey-
nebSic ki, sadac prostitucia legalizebulia, bavSvTa
prostitucia kanongareTaa, xolo bavSvebis Cabma pros-
tituciaSi kriminalia.
Tu srulwlovanTa prostitucia SesaZlebelia dai-

78
Л. Д. Ерохина, М. Ю. Буряк, `Торговля женщинами и детьми в целях
сексуальной эксплуатации в социальной и криминологической перспек-
тиве~, М., 2003, с. 132.
79
iqve. gv.132.
401
yos nebayoflobiT da iZulebiT prostituciad, bavS-
vTa prostitucia upirobod unda CaiTvalos rogorc
iZulebiTi. cxadia, yvela bavSvi iZulebiT ar ebme-
ba masSi, gansakuTrebiT mozardebi, magram iZuleba
romelsac isini ganicdian sxvagvaria _ ekonomikuri
an socialuri. bavSvTa prostitucias SesaZlebelia
hqondes organizebuli an araorganizebuli saxe. or-
ganizebuli saxis bavSvTa prostitucia xorcieldeba
bordelebSi, barebSi, klubebSi, sastumroebSi, sauneb-
Si, skolebSi da sxva dawesebulebebSi. araorganizebu-
li xasiaTis bavSvTa prostitucia mTlianobaSi moicavs
rogorc usaxlkaro bavSvebs, ise ojaxSi macxovrebel
bavSvebs. bavSvTa prostituciis Taviseburebad Tvlian
imas, rom misi organizatori da ZiriTadi momxmare-
beli srulwlovania. prostituciis organizatorebi
SeiZleba iyvnen ucnobi adamianebi, nacnobebi da saku-
Tari mSoblebic ki. prostituciaSi arasrulwlovanTa
Cabma xorcieldeba zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva formebiT:
fizikuri iZulebiT (cema, Seuracxyofa, Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa da a.S) an fsiqikuri iZulebiT (muqara, SantaJi,
Segoneba, motyueba, mosyidva da misT.), aseve mis gar-
eSec. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, roca mSoblebi Tavad iy-
eneben Svilebs imave mizniT. magaliTad, saerTaSoriso
qalTa uflebebis dacvis centr `la-strada ukrainas~
eqspertebis informaciiT zafxulis sezonze, yirimis
plaJebze bavSvTa prostituciis masStabi matulobs,
xSirad misi iniciatorebi mSoblebi arian. zogierT
qveyanaSi bavSvTa prostitucia kulturul CveulebaTa
Semadgeneli nawilia. magaliTad, CineTsa da iaponiaSi
Cv.w. aR-mde me-11-12 saukuneebSi moixsenieba prostitu-
cia. termini `wiTeli CiraRdnebis~ quCa am qveynebidan
momdinareobs. es kulturebi prostituciisadmi Zalian
tolerantulebi arian. eqspertebis informaciiT, ia-
poniaSi `modad~ iqca skolis moswavleTa mier sakuTari
sxeulis SeTavazeba ucnobi adamianebisTvis da mSob-
lebs arafris gakeTeba ar SeuZliaT. moswavleebi mobi-
402
luri telefoniT ekontaqtebian klientebs da xvdebian
(nebayoflobiTi prostitucia), raSic jibis da yovel-
dRiuri wvrilmanebis fuls Souloben. prostituciiT
dakavebuli bavSvebi skolaSi misvlisas trabaxoben, rom
`zmanebi~ Tavisi fuliT iyides, rac bavSvebisTvis pros-
tituciis impulsi da RirebulebaTa orientiri xdeba.
arabTa emiratebSi arsebobs imis rwmena, rom Tu qalwul
gogonasTan iqonieb sqesobriv kavSirs, ganikurnebi sx-
vadasxva daavadebebisgan, maT Soris Sidsisgan. amitom
iq didi moTxovnaa qalwul gogonebze. kanadaSi pros-
tituciaSi CabmulTa 10-15%-s bavSvebi Seadgenen, xolo
zogierT provinciaSi, sadac aborigeni mosaxleobaa _
90%. braziliaSi 2 milioni bavSvia Cabmuli komerciul
seqsualur eqspluataciaSi da sxv.
samwuxarod, msoflioSi bavSvTa prostituciaze moT-

xovnileba izrdeba da sanam moTxovnileba iarsebebs,
SeTavazebac iqneba.
2.1 naadrevi qorwinebebi
zogierT qveyanaSi bavSvTa prostituciis SeniRbul

formas warmoadgens naadrevi qorwinebebi (qorwineba
18 wels miuRwevel bavSvebTan). is ufro gavrcelebulia
afrikisa da aziis rig qveynebSi, sadac miRebulia trad-
iciuli cxovrebis wesi. zogierT gogonas iZulebiT
aqorwineben, zogierTi ki Zalian პataraa gacnobierebu-
li gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. Tanxmobas am SemTxveva-
Si bavSvis saxeliT sxva iZleva, radganac bavSvs SesaZle-
bloba ar aqvs arCevanis uflebiT isargeblos, amdenad
naadrev qorwinebas iZulebiT qorwinebas miakuTvneben.
garda tradiciuli kulturisa, naadrev qorwinebebs
ganapirobebs Sesabamis qveyanaSi politikuri arastabi-
luroba, ekonomikuri siduxWire, religiuri praqtika
403
da sxv. sxvanairad aseT bavSvebs kulturis msxverpl
bavSvebs uwodeben, radgan maTi ubedurebis mizezi
kulturis, maT Soris religiuri normebis zegavlenaa
(magaliTad, iZulebiTi qorwinebebi, seqsi qalwulebT-
an). amave dros, kultura ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
Zaladobis gamarTlebis safuZvlad. aq wina planze unda
wamoiwios bavSvis uzenaesma interesebma, ra Sedegebi
mohyveba amgvar qmedebas misTvis. amgvari kulturis
gavlena bavSvze minimumamde unda davides.
saerTaSoriso praqtika bavSvTa qorwinebebs ganixi-

lavs bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis formad, rad-
gan bavSvis gadacema da miReba xdeba naRd fulze an
naturaze gacvliT. xSirad Tavad mSoblebi arian amg-
vari qorwinebis organizatorebi. raTa sargebeli mi-
iRon an ojaxis Senaxva uzrunvelyon. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mSoblebi an ojaxis wevrebi bavSvs qorwinebisTvis gad-
ascemen, raTa miiRon raime sargebeli anda SesaZleblo-
ba ojaxis Sesanaxad. magram xSirad, naadrev qorwinebaSi
aRmoCenili bavSvi kargavs bavSvis statuss da im damcav
meqanizmebs, rasac nacionaluri kanonmdebloba iTval-
iswinebs. ase magaliTad, SesaZlebelia kanonieri qor-
wineba bavSvis prostituciis farul aqtad gadaiqces.
Ecpat-is monacemebiT mdidar mamakacebze gasaTxove-
blad bangladeSidan da kambojidan gayvanili gogonebi
gayidulan da aRmoCenilan bordelebSi. centraluri
aziis postsabWoTa qveynebSi (tajikeTi, yirgizeTi)
13-16 wlis gogonebs iZulebiT aTxoveben da cvlian
fqvilze, cxvarze da sxva sasargeblo nivTebze.
es problema arc saqarTvelosTvis unda iyos ucxo,

radgan aq azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba sakmaod didi
raodenobiTaa warmodgenili, maTTvis ki naadrevi qor-
wineba kulturis nawilia. ufro metic, maT enaze colis
404
moyvana niSnavs colis yidvas. garda amisa, rogorc so-
ciologiuri dakvirvebebi adasturebs, am mosaxleobis
ganaTlebis dabali donis gamo, isini adamianiT movaWree-
bis advil samizne jgufs warmoadgenen, maTi darwmuneba
bavSvis momavali keTildReobiT did siZneles ar war-
moadgens. naadrevi qorwinebisaTvis gametebuli bavSvis
momavlis prognozireba Zalian rTulia. saqarTvelos
Sss-s informaciiT azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba adami-
aniT vaWrobas Zalian tolerantulad ekideba, advilia
maTi dayolieba gayidon Svili. colis yidva TurqeTis
mTianeTSic miRebuli wesia.
saqarTveloSi am problemiT dRemde aravin daintere-

sebula. es maSin, roca marneulis raionis zogierT
sofelSi arc ki ician, rom qarTul saxelmwifoSi cxov-
roben. maS, ruseTma an CineTma ra unda qnan? rogor unda
akontrolon es procesebi, Tuki erTi cida saqarTvelo
ver umklavdeba am problemas.80
2.2 bavSvTa pornografia
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis mixed-

viT `bavSvTa pornografia niSnavs sxvadasxva saSuale-
bebiT im bavSvis nebismier gamosaxvas, romelic asru-
lebs realur an modეlirebul aSkara seqsualur mo-
qmedebebs, an bavSvis sasqeso organoebis gamosaxvas
ZiriTadad seqsualuri miznebisTvis~. danaSaulia bavS-
vTa pornografiis warmoeba, gavrceleba, importi, eqs-
porti, SeTavazeba, gayidva an Senaxva zemoT aRniSnuli
miznebisTvis.
80
ix. gazeTi àxali aliansi~ #11, 3-10 aprili, 2009
405
bavSvTa pornografia moicavs seqsualuri eqspluata-
ciis msxverpli bavSvebis gamosaxulebas an xmis Canawers,
romelsac mozrdili adamianebi seqsualuri miznebiT
iyeneben. bavSvTa pornografia iqmneba (mzaddeba) foto-
suraTebis, slaidebis, Jurnalebis, wignebis, naxatebis,
filmebis, videoCanawerebis, kompiuteruli diskebis an
failebis formiT. eqspertebi ganasxvaveben SeniRbul
pornografias, romelic seqsualur urTierTobas ar
aCvenebs aSkarad da Ria pornografias, romelic gu-
lisxmobs seqsualur urTierTobebSi Cabmuli bavSvebis
gamosaxvasac. bavSvTa pornografiis didi nawili iqm-
neba foto da videoCanaweris formiT, rac asaxavs bavS-
vis sxeulis intimur nawilebs, srulwlovani adamianis
seqsualur moqmedebas bavSvTan an bavSvebis seqsualur
urTierTobas erTmaneTTan. bavSvebis gamoyeneba por-
nografiis warmoebaSi iTvleba maT eqspluataciad.
(aseTi qmedeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT kvali-
ficirdeba specialuri muxlebiT _ 255-e, 2551-e da ara
1432-e muxliT, amaze qvemoT vimsjelebT).
pornografiuli produqciiT (masaliT) vaWroba xor-

cieldeba rogorc im sociumis SigniT, sadac bavSvi
cxovrobs, ise mTel msoflioSi, maT Soris internetis
globaluri qseliT. es aris konspiraciuli, kargad
organizebuli mravalmilioniani kriminaluri biznesi
srulwlovani adamianebis garTobisTvis. bavSvTa por-
nografiis momxmarebelTa 99%-s mamakacebi Seadgenen.
isini afuZneben bavSvTa pornografiis klubebs, agrove-
ben koleqciebs da cvlian maT erTmaneTSi. dRes bavSvTa
pornografiis povna SesaZlebelia uamrav adgilas, be-
Wdur gamocemebSi (wignebi, Jurnalebi, plakatebi), mo-
bilur telefonebSi _ SMS Setyobinebebsa da gamosax-
ulebebSi, DVD da videoCanawerebSi, internetis qselSi
veb-gverdebze, CaTebSi, el-fostaSi. uaxlesma teqnol-
ogiebma Secvales pornografiis buneba. cifrulma
406
kamereბma da videomagnitofonebma misi warmoeba gaaia-
fa da gaaadvila, amasTanave gaizarda gamravlebis da
gavrcelebis SesaZleblobebi. internetis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia pornografiuli produqciis gavrceleba
iafad da swrafad mTeli planetis masStabiT.
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladoba virtualur sivrceSi

axali movlenaa, romelic sul ufro da ufro met gav-
lenas axdens mozard Taobaze dedamiwis sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi. dReisTvis sazogadoebis yvela fena imyofeba
sainformacio teqnologiebis zegavlenis qveS, magram
bavSvebi yvelaze didi enTuziastebi arian axali te-
qnologiebis gamoyenebisa, romelmac adamianTa Soris
urTierTobebis damyarebisa da SenarCunebis sruliad
axali SesaZleblobebi Seqmna. bavSvebi internetis momx-
marebeli erT miliardiani armiis avangardSi arian. Aman,
dadebiTTan erTad, uaryofiTi Sedegebic gamoiwvia.
bavSvebi daucvelni gaxdnen sxvadasxva formis Zalado-
bisagan virtualur sivrceSi. aseT safrTxeebs warmoad-
gens bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxveli masa-
lebis warmoeba, gavrceleba da gamoyeneba; qselSi gada-
kideba an `kiberarSiyi~ (`zrunviTa~ da `TayvaniscemiT~
bavSvis ndobis mopoveba iseT situaciaSi Casayeneblad,
sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba misi dazianeba); bavSvebisTvis
arasasurveli masalebis Cveneba, romelsac fsiqologi-
uri an sxva saxis zianis miyeneba SeuZlia, meZiebloba da
daSineba, devnis CaTvliT.81
81
meZiebloba da daSineba (Bulling) msxverplis SantaJs gu-
lisxmobs. bulings aseve uwodeben sxva adamianisaTvis zianis
miyenebis Segnebul da araprovocirebul mcdelobebs. Tavisi
xasiaTiT bulingi SeiZleba iyos fizikuri da sityvieri an
pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri. devna seqsualuri mizniT (Grum-
ing) internetiT an mobiluri telefoniT xdeba. igi gulisx-
mobs bavSvze gadakidebas, mudmiv kavSirs. Tu bavSvi uars
acxadebs urTierTobaze, imaleba an rcxvenia, es ufro sia-
movnebs moZalades da agrZelebs fsiqologiur zewolas.
407
yvela socialuri fenis bavSvi SeiZleba gadaeyaros
nebismieri zemoTCamoTvlili formis Zaladobas kiber-
netikul sivrceSi. riskis qveS arian is mozardebic,
vinc ukve iyeneben axal teqnologiebs, da isinic vinc
momavalSi gamoiyenebs. sainformacio sakomunikacio
teqnologiebis mkveTri zrdisa da ganviTarebis kvalo-
baze izrdeba im bavSvTa raodenoba, visTvisac xelmi-
sawvdomia interneti. internetis infrastruqtura
umjobesdeba da sul ufro xelmisawvdomi xdeba bevri
regionisTvis, igi axali kulturebisTvisac gaixsna,
rac adre ar iyo xelmisawvdomi. dRes yvela socialuri
klasis, kulturis, religiis da regionis bavSvebi Sedi-
an kibernetikul sivrceSi dedamiwis sxvadasxva kuTxi-
dan, sadac iseTive urTierTobas amyareben, rogorsac
realur samyaroSi. aq isini TviTon qmnian sakuTar so-
cialur garemos, romelSic eZeben informacias, aviTa-
reben sakuTar pirovnebas, urTierToben TanatolebTan,
andoben TavianT saidumloebebs, iZenen axal megobrebs,
TamaSoben, eZeben informacias, romelsac tabu adevs,
Sedian akrZalul zonebSi, ganicdian SiSs, stress da a.S.
kibersivrce borotmoqmedebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs
daekontaqton bavSvebs ufrosi adamianebis zedamxedv-
elobis gareSe, rac ufro rTulia realur sinamdvile-
Si, magaliTad, saxlSi an skolaSi, sadac isini meTvaly-
ureobis qveS arian. bavSvebi sul ufro xSirad sarge-
bloben internetiT saTanado zedamxedvelobis gareSe
maSin, roca isini potenciuri safrTxeebisgan dacvis
meqanizmebs ar floben. am dros isini SeiZleba waawydnen
sxvadasxva saxis Zaladobis scenas, maT Soris onlain
cdunebas (arSiys) momavali seqsualuri urTierTobebi-
sTvis. kibersivrceSi uamravi adgilia, sadac ikribebian
bavSvebi (CaTebi, sainformacio dafebi, mozardTa paem-
nis saitebi, forumebi, TamaSebi). es zrdis seqsualuri
Zaladobis moyvaruli adamianebis SesaZleblobas eZion
408
da ipovnon bavSvebTan misasvleli virtualuri gzebi.
milionobiT mozards izidavs onlain TamaSebi, sadac
isini SeiZleba sxva adamianebis mavne zemoqmedebis qveS
moeqcnen. bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas
iwvevs Cati. qselSi urTierToba CaTiT Semdeg piradi
SexvedrebiT mTavrdeba, ra drosac xdeba bavSvebze se-
qsualuri Zaladoba. CaTis oTaxebi da onlain forume-
bi popularulia mozardebSi, magram iq isini SeiZleba
waawydnen onlain `Tayvaniscema-arSiyobis~ problemas,
ris Sesaxebac naklebinformirebulni arian. interneti
Zalian uwyobs xels bavSvebis viqtimizacias.
virtualuri arSiyoba gamoiyeneba pornografiis

dasamzadebladac seqsualur Temebze bavSvis saubrebSi
CaTreviT anda veb kameris gamoyenebiT bavSvis SiSveli
gamosaxulebis miRebis gziT, amgvari kavSirurTier-
Toba seqsualur moZalades damatebiT berkets aZlevs
bavSvze kontrolisTvis, radgan farTo auditoriis wi-
naSe gamJRavnebis muqara bavSvs aSinebs da morCils xdis.
yvela mozardis Seucvlel aqsesuarad iqca mobiluri

telefoni. mesame Taobis teqnologiiT SesaZlebeli
gaxda mobiluri telefoniT internetSi Sesvla. amis
gamo mSoblebisTvis sul ufro gaZneldeba zedamxed-
veloba bavSvebze, romlebic sargebloben telefoniT
onlain reJimSi. am telefonebis foto da videoga-
daRebis SesaZleblobebi maTi uSualod kibersivrceSi
gadacemis SesaZleblobas iZleva, rac kidev ufro ama-
Rlebs bavSvebis viqtimizaciis xarisxs. kibersivrceSi
sul ufro meti bavSvi eqceva seqsualuri Zaladobisa
da saziano zemoqmedebis riskis qveS. internetis da
mobiluri telefonis daaxloeba, eqspertebis varau-
diT, male kibersivrceSi mobiluri telefoniT Sesvlas
normad aqcevs, adamiani kompiuterze da stacionarul
409
telefonze aRar iqneba damokidebuli kibersivrceSi
Sesasvlelad, rac kidev ufro gaarTulebs mSoblebis
da meurveebis mxridan imis kontrols, Tu rogor urT-
ierToben axalgazrdebi kibersamyaroSi. 2007 wlisTvis
mobiluri telefonebis mflobelTa raodenoba 2 mili-
ardi iyo. ecpat international-is monacemebiT, dResdReobiT
azia wynari okeanis regionSi 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis
12%-s aqvs mobiluri telefoni.
kibersivrceSi seqsualuri Zaladobis ZiriTadi forma

pornografiaa. bavSvebis gamoyeneba pornografiuli
masalis damzadebaSi xels uwyobs bavSvis iZulebas Seu-
rigdes komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebsac.
pornografiaSi nebayoflobiT CarTvis `msurveli~

bavSvebi cotaa, amitom maTi mizidva sxvadasxva xerxe-
biT xorcieldeba. pornografiaSi ufro iolia mcirew-
lovani bavSvebis CarTva, romelTac gacnobierebuli ar
aqvT Sesrulebuli `samuSaos~ xasiaTi, ufrosi asakis
bavSvebis gadabireba muqariTa da SantaJiT xdeba. maTi
seleqcia ZiriTadad usaxlkaro da miusafari bavSve-
bis armiidan xorcieldeba. zogierT mozards izidavs
Tavgadasavlebi da kinosamyaroSi SeRweva. zogierTi
bavSvi sakuTari sxeulis SiSvel gamosaxulebas Tavad
aTavsebs internetSi, riTac meZieblobis, kiberarSiyis
da sxva saxis seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli xde-
ba. kibersivrce didi raodenobis bavSvebis gadabire-
bis SesaZleblobas iZleva. kibersamyaroSi dawyebuli
meZiebloba da arSiyoba zogjer realur sinamdvileSi
ganxorcielebuli seqsualuri ZaladobiT sruldeba.
virtualur sivrceSi bavSvebze saziano zemoqmedeba
gaadvilebulia axali teqnologiebis wyalobiT. aSS-Si
10-17 wlis asakamde xuTidan erTi bavSvi acxadebs in-
410
ternetSi seqsualuri gadakidebis Sesaxeb; britaneTSi
_ 8-11 wlamde CaTiT mosargeble bavSvebis naxevari
acxadeben seqsualuri xasiaTis onlain saubrebze...
aRmosavleT da dasavleT evropis mTel rig qveynebSi

(ukraina, ruseTi, belorusi, germania, safrangeTi da
sxv.) gamovlinda organizebuli jgufebi, romlebic
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxvel produqcias
qmnian. isini foto da samodelo biznesis niRbiT moq-
medeben anda iatakqveSa studiebis saxiT. xSirad aseT
studiebSi bavSvebi vaWrobis Sedegad xvdebian. gamov-
lenilia damoukideblad moqmedi adamianebic, rom-
lebic seqsualur Zaladobas axorcieleben bavSvebze,
iweren am scenebs da internetSi aTavseben, rasac bavS-
vis Semdgomi eqspluataciisTvis SantaJis saSualebad
iyeneben. es erT-erTi meTodia aiZulo msxverpli Cu-
mad iyos (q. lvovSi pedofilma arasrulwlovan biWTan
sqesobrivi kavSiris amsaxveli scena Caiwera, romelsac
Semdeg misive SantaJisTvis iyenebda). zogjer porno-
grafiul gadaRebebSi CarTuli arian Tavad mSoblebi,
romlebic sakuTari Svilebis gamoyenebiT Semosavals
iReben. Ecpat-is informaciiT 2001 wels moldavelma me-
sazRvreebma daakaves ori qali, romlebsac 13-16 wlamde
asakis gogonebis da biWebis jgufi gadahyavdaT kiSi-
novidan odesaSi, kinostudiaSi, sadac isini gamoyeneb-
uli unda yofiliyvnen seqsualuri (pornografiuli)
scenebis gadaRebebSi. es bavSvebi Raribi ojaxebidan
iyvnen. mSoblebma neba darTes am qalebs `dasasvene-
blad~ waeyvanaT maTi bavSvebi. zogierTma bavSvma ga-
nacxada, rom adrec imyofeboda amgvar mogzaurobaSi,
sadac cota fulic miiRo.82 ukrainis sinamdvilidan
82
ix. Ecpat international.net; Торговля людьми в Украине. Международ-
ный женский правозащитный центр `Ла страда-Украина~, 1997; lastrada.
org.ua ; )
411
cnobilia aseTi magaliTic, mamam 6 wlis gogonasTan sqe-
sobrivi kavSiris imitacia moaxdina, rac bavSvis dedam
videofirze gadaiRo da internetSi gayides. amis Sem-
deg, Tavisi Svilis megobari gogonebis mizidva daiwyes
imave mizniT. igive, ukrainis samarTaldamcavma orga-
noebma gamoamJRavnes yirimeli col-qmris saqmianoba,
roca isini bavSvebTan pornografiul videofilmebs
iRebdnen simferopolSi. amave jgufis wevri israelis
moqalaqe videomasalas veb gverdebze aTavsebda saCvene-
blad, maT Soris onlain reJimSic, Sesabamisi anazRau-
rebis pirobiT. amgvarad, bavSvTa pornografiuli ga-
mosaxulebebis Seqmna ojaxur garemoSic SesaZlebelia.
bavSvebi msxverplad qcevis risks sakuTar saxlSive
eqvemdebarebian mSoblebis, nacnobebis an mezoblebis
mxridan. Tumca iatakqveSa samodelo saagentoebi da
fotostudiebi ZiriTad rols TamaSoben pornografiis
masobriv warmoebaSi. samodelo saagentoebis reklama
yvelganaa, mediaSi, internetSi. ukrainasa da ruseTSi
dafiqsirebulia SemTxvevebi, roca mSoblebs Tavad mi-
hyavdaT bavSvebi fotostudiebSi, isini fiqrobdnen,
rom maT Svilebs mxolod suraTs uRebdnen da zogierTs
fulsac uxdidnen, magram isini ver xvdebodnen, rom maT
Svilebze komerciuli seqsualuri Zaladoba xorciel-
deboda.
umravles SemTxvevaSi pornografiuli masala, romel-

ic internetiT vrceldeba, qsels gareT mzaddeba da
Semdeg SehyavT kibersivrceSi. magram pornografiis
damzadeba da Cveneba internetqselSic xorcieldeba
onlain reJimSi. es xdeba veb kamerebis gamoyenebiT da
pirdapiri videoreproduqciis gziT. auditorias wi-
naswar ecnobeba dro, roca unda CaerTon qselSi da
uyuron bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis scenas.
zogjer bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis amsaxveli

412
fotosuraTebi iqmneba specialuri kompiuteruli
programebis meSveobiT, romlebic sxvadasxva fotoe-
bis transformacias axdenen da maTgan qmnian axal sax-
es. bavSvTa arapornografiuli gamosaxuleba SeiZleba
gardaiqmnas pornografiulad, ufro metic, SesaZlebe-
lia `virtualuri~ bavSvebis pornogamosaxulebebis Se-
qmnac. amgvari fsevdopornografia ramdenad SeiZleba
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sagnad iqces, es sakamaTo
sakiTxia, Tumca isic faqtia, rom bavSvTa pornogra-
fiasa (realuri an virtualuri) da realur samyaroSi
bavSvebze ganxorcielebul seqsualur Zaladobas So-
ris mWidro kavSiria. amgvari pornografiuli masalac
safrTxis matarebelia bavSvebisTvis, vinaidan mis momx-
marebel ufrosi asakis adamianebs bavSvebze realuri
seqsualuri Zaladobis ganxorcielebis survili Sei-
Zleba aRuZras. amgvari fotomasalis didi odenobiT xe-
lmisawvdomoba ufrosi asakis adamianebs afiqrebinebs,
rom sabavSvo pornografia araa seriozuli danaSauli,
rac cxadia, mcdari warmodgenaa.
amgvarad, kibersamyaroSi ganTavsebuli pornografi-

uli masalebis gavrcelebis masStabi, Senaxvis xangr-
Zlivoba da globaluri xelmisawvdomoba seriozuli
safrTxis winaშe ayenebs mozard Taobas, radgan dRes-
dReobiT internetis kontroli praqtikulad ar arse-
bobs, rac SesaZlebels xdis mis gamoyenebas nebismieri
mizniT.
2.3 bavSvTa seqsturizmi
bavSvTa seqsturizmi komerciuli seqsualuri eqsplua-

taciis erT-erT formad iTvleba. gaeros dokumentebSi
is ganmartebulia rogorc `turizmi, romelic organi-
413
zebulia bavSvebTan komerciuli seqsualuri urTier-
Tobis upiratesi mizniT~. bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis
damatebiTi oqmis mixedviT seqsturizmis praqtika uSu-
alod xels uwyobs bavSvebiT vaWrobas, bavSvTa pros-
tituciasa da bavSvTa pornografias. Ecpat international-
is informaciiT seqsturizmisTvis yvelaze mimzidvel
qveynebs warmoadgens tailandi, Sri-lanka, indoeTi,
brazilia, kosta-rika, meqsika da sxv. xolo seqstur-
istebis yvelaze mravalricxovan jgufs Seadgenen aSS-
s moqalaqeebi. bavSvebTan seqsualuri urTierTobebis
moyvaruli adamianebi dedamiwis yvela kuTxidan midian
egzotikur qveynebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT ganviTare-
bulia bavSvTa prostitucia. aseTi mogzaurobebi (seqs-
turebi) zogjer xorcieldeba imisTvisac, rom monawil-
eoba miiRon pornografiuli filmebis gadaRebaSi. zo-
gierTi kino da fotomoyvaruli fuls ixdis bavSvebTan
seqsualur aqtebSi monawileobis SesaZleblobisTvis.
seqsturizmis moyvarulebi sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi
arseboben, isini SeiZleba iyvnen daojaxebulebic da
martoxelebic, kacebic da qalebic, mdidari turiste-
bic da mivlinebaSi myofi adamianebic. pedofili, seqs-
turisti winaswari ganzraxviT miemgzavreba romelime
qveyanaSi bavSvebTan seqsualuri urTierTobisTvis, ma-
gram SesaZlebelia sxva turisti amaze ar fiqrobdes ma-
nam, sanam ar ipovis msxverpl bavSvs, romelic xelmisawv-
domi iqneba seqsisTvis. aseTi adamianebi Tavis saqciels
xSirad imiT amarTleben, rom es mocemuli qveynis kul-
turisTvis misaRebia. sinamdvileSi ki bavSvebis xelmi-
sawvdomoba, anonimuroba, ucxo miwaze moraluri da
socialuri SezRudvebisgan gaTavisufleba iseTi ramis
gakeTebisaken ubiZgebs, rasac Cveulebriv, Tavis qveya-
naSi da saxlSi ar gaakeTebs. aseT rames miekuTvneba
bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobac. amgvari ganwyobis
Camoyalibebas xels uwyobs Sesabamisi qveynis liber-
414
aluri kanonmdebloba, an/da mosaxleobis gauTviTcno-
bierebloba da socialuri siduxWire. amgvarad, bavSvi
SeiZleba Zaladobis msxverpli gaxdes iseTi adamian-
isganac, vinc mogzauri an turistia, yvela maTgani ar
Tavsdeba klinikur გansazRvrebaSi pedofili.83
marTalia seqsturizmis ZiriTadi marSrutebi samxreT-

aRmosavleT aziaze, afrikasa da laTinur amerikaze ga-
dis, magram bolo periodSi seqsturistebis interesis
sagani gaxda aRmosavleT evropac. ucxoel pedofilebs
Soris sul ufro did popularobas iZens ruseTi, ro-
gorc seqsturebis qveyana. rogorc rusi mkvlevarebi
aRniSnaven, ruseTi gulmodgined erTveba seqsturizmSi,
is gansakuTrebiT viTardeba aRmosavleT regionebSi,
Tumca Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSic dafiqsirda analogi-
uri praqtika. kerZod, seqsturistebi baltiispireTidan
gadadian sankt-peterburgSi, sadac loTi mSoblebi, ori
boTli aryis safasurad sakuTar bavSvebs atanen maT xan-
mokle vadiT seqsualuri momsaxurebisTvis.
83
pedofilia (berZnulidan: pedo _ bavSvi, philia _ midrekileba,
siyvaruli) niSnavs bavSvebisadmi seqsualur swrafvas. es aris
seqsualuri moSliloba, romelic gvxvdeba, rogorc hetero-
seqsual, ise homoseqsual mamakacebs Soris. eqspertTa erTi
nawili pedofilias Tvlis seqsualuri xasiaTis moSlilobad,
meore nawilis azriT ki, pedofilias aqvs damokidebulebis
niSnebi. pedofiliis farTod gavrcelebas xels uwyobs se-
qsturizmi. zogierTi pedofili seqsualuri moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad sazRvargareT miemgzavreba; zogs Tan mi-
hyavs msxverpli samogzaurod, zogjer winaswar mzaddeba Sex-
vedra internetis meSveobiT, zogierTi ki im adgilebs eZebs,
sadac iolia bavSvebTan kontaqti. upiratesobas aniWeben im
regionebs, sadac bavSvebTan seqsualur urTierTobas moT-
minebiT uyureben, ara aqvT Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza da
ganviTarebuli aqvT seqsindustria. ix. Сексуальные преступле-
ния в отношении детей. Естония, 2006, aseve, www.kesa.ee.
415
ukraineli eqspertebi Tvlian, rom seqsturizmi jer
araa ganviTarebuli maT qveyanaSi, Tumca dafiqsire-
bulia erTeuli SemTxvevebi. kerZod, zafxulis TveebSi
yirimSi Savi zRvis sanapiroze da azovis zRvis sanapir-
oze Casuli turistebisTvis arasrulwlovanTa miyid-
vis faqtebi xanmokle seqsualuri urTierTobebisTvis.
aseT praqtikas aqvs zrdis tendencia. maTive informa-
ciiT, ukrainaSi seqsmuSakTa 30-40%-s Seadgens 11-18
wlis mozardebi. maTi umravlesoba prostituciaSia
Cabmuli Savi zRvis kurortebze. es mianiSnebs mWidro
kavSirze bavSvTa prostituciasa da seqsturizmze qvey-
nis SigniT.84
uvizo da gamartivebulma savizo reJimebma SeiZleba

saqarTveloSic moamravlos aseTi `Tavgadasavlebis~
maZiebeli turistebi. CvenTan, Savi zRvis sanapiroze
TvalSi sacemia ukidures gaWirvebaSi myofi, sxvadasxva
wvrilmaniT movaWre bavSvebi, romlebic komerciuli
seqsualuri eqspluataciis riskjgufs warmoadgenen.
cxadia, turizmi ar aris bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsplu-
ataciis mizezi, magram turistuli industriis momsax-
urebiT sargebloben bavSvebze seqsualuri moZaladee-
bic. Tavis mxriv, turistul industrias SeuZlia xeli
Seuwyos bavSvebis seqsualur eqspluataciaze moTx-
ovnilebis zrdas. zogierTi sawarmo SeiZleba Cabmuli
iqnes seqsturizmSi, magaliTad, sastumros adminis-
tracia, romelic Tvals xuWavs sastumroSi mimdinare
bavSvTa seqsualur eqspluataciaze, anda turistuli
saagento, romelic organizebas ukeTebs seqsturs saz-
RvargareT.
trefikingisa da seqsturizmis mWidro kavSirze mianiS-
84
ix. Ecpat-international, Глобальный Мониторинг, 2006, www. ecpat. net.
416
nebs is garemoeba, rom seqsturizmi Seicavs adamianebis
vaWrobaSi Cabmis yvela moqmedebas: msxverplTa rek-
rutirebas, gadaadgilebas qveynis SigniT an mis farg-
lebs gareT gayidvas, gacvlas an ukanono miznebisTvis
gamoyenebas, rogoricaa prostitucia, momsaxureba,
monuri Sroma an adamianis organoebis transplantacia.
seqsualuri eqspluataciis mizniT gadaadgilebis Sem-
TxvevaSi kriminaluri orგanizaciebi bavSvebs borde-
lebSi yidian, an pirdapir klients sTavazoben, rig Sem-
TxvevebSi bavSvebs pedofilTa organizaciebs sTavazo-
ben seqsualuri gamoyenebisaTvis.85
swored amitom iTvleba seqsturizmi bavSvTa trefikin-

gis gamovlenis erT-erT formad86.
85
ix. l. eroxina, dasax. naSromi, gv. 227.
86
bavSvebze komerciuli seqsualuri Zaladobis formebis zo-
gadi mimoxilva, ZiriTadad emyareba ecpat international-is angari-
Sebs da meTodur saxelmZRvaneloebs: Противодействие треффику
детей в сексуальных целях /метод пособие/ Амстердам, Бангкок, 2006;
Противодействие треффику детей в сексуальных целях /вопросы и отве-
ты/ Амстердам, Бангкок; 2006; Насилие над детьми в киберпространс-
тве. 2005, www.ecpat.net da sxva.
417
§ 3. saqarTvelo bavSvTa trefikingis globaluri
gamowvevis winaSe
saqarTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingi aqtiuri msjelobis

sagnad iqca 2003 wlidan, rodesac sisxlis samarTal-
Si Semotanil iqna pasuxismgebloba arasrulwlovniT
vaWrobisTvis. cxadia, am Temis win wamoweva da masTan
dakavSirebuli problemebis dasma, maTi mogvarebis
gzebis Zieba da prevencia Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo.
trefikingis kvlevaSi aqtiurad CaerTo arasamTavrobo
seqtori da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, Seiqmna Ses-
abamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, Camoyalibda erovnuli re-
feraluri meqanizmi da sxv. qveyanaSi momxdari poziti-
uri Zvrebis miuxedavad, saboloo daskvnebis gakeTeba
da miT ufro Tavis damSvideba naadrevia.87
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi bavSvTa uflebebis

darRvevis SemTxvevebis monitorings ramdenime organo
axorcielebs zust statistikaze saubari SeuZlebelia.
iseTi struqtura, romelic mTeli qveynis masStabiT,
bavSvTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli trefikingis da sxva
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis Sesaxeb informacias
aRricxavs, ar arsebobs. monacemTa erTiani da sru-
lyofili bazis arseboba aucilebeli pirobaa prob-
lemis simwvavis dasanaxad da masTan brZolis efeqturi
strategiis SesamuSaveblad.
saqarTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingze pirveli sociolo-

giuri kvleva Caatara arasamTavrobo organizacia BCG-
m, World Vision-is dafinansebiT. kvlevis mizans Seadgenda
87
am eWvs amyarebs Tundac is faqti, rom quTaisis saqalaqo sa-
samarTlos 2009 wlis 8 oqtombris ganaCeniT, msjavrdebuli
iqna organizebuli jgufi quTaisis, wyaltubos da xonis samSo-
biaro saxlebidan axalSobilebiT araerTgzisi vaWrobisTvis.
418
bavSvTa trefikingis gavrcelebis masStabebi saqarT-
veloSi, maTi eqspluataciis formebi, mizezebi da xel-
Semwyobi faqtorebi. kvlevis angariSi friad sayur-
adRebo dokumentia. rogorc sociologiuri kvlevis
Sedegebidan Cans, trefikingis legaluri gansazRvrebis
arsebobis miuxedavad, misi identificireba mainc prob-
lematuria samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo seqtoreb-
Si. saxeldobr, TvalSi sacemia Zalაdოbis faqtebis
trefikingTaნ gaigivebis SemTxvevebi. Zaladobis zogi-
erTi faqti, pirdapir kavSirSia trefikingTan, magram
bavSvebze Zaladobis mTel rig SemTxvevebSi, mxolod
trefikingis potenciuri msxverpli Cans, Zaladoba
da trefikingi rom identuri ar aris es trefikingis
sakanonmdeblo formulidanac Cans, romelzec calke
vimsjelebT. sociologiuri kvlevis monacemebiT saqa-
rTveloSi bavSvebze sxvadasxva formiT Zaladoben,
dafiqsirebulia fizikuri Zaladobis mZime da msubuqi
formebi, ZiriTadad mainc vxvdebiT fizikuri Zaladobis
SedarebiT martiv formebs, fsiqologiur Zaladobas _
muqaris, daSinebis, damamcirebeli mimarTvis, xmamaRla
saubris da sxva formiT; seqsualur Zaladobas _ gaupa-
tiurebis, garyvnili qmedebis, seqsualur Temebze sau-
bris, pornografiuli masalebis Cvenebis da sxva for-
miT, ekonomikur Zaladobas _ SromiTi eqspluataciis
an mSoblebis mxridan bavSvebis gamaTxovrebis formiT.
respodentTa monaTxrobidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelo-
Si bavSvTa trefikingis gavrcelebis zusti aRricxvisa
da statistikis ararsebobis miuxedavad, gamovlenilia
bevri iseTi SemTxveva, romlis trefikingTan asoci-
reba yvela maCvenebliTaa SesaZlebeli. aRniSnuli so-
ciologiuri kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi bavSvTa
eqspluataciis Semdeg formebs aqvs adgili: a) SromiTi
eqspluatacia _ dasaqmebis adgilze SromiTi eqsplua-
tacia, quCaSi an sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebze
419
sxvadasxva wvrilmaniT vaWroba, sasoflo-sameurneo
an sxva saxis fizikuri samuSaos iZulebiTi Sesruleba;
b) kriminalur qmedebebSi CarTva _ sasursaTo da sxva
tipis maRaziebisa da binebis ZarcvaSi arasrulwlov-
anTa iZulebiTi CarTva; g) seqsualuri eqspluatacia _
ojaxis wevrebis an sxva pirTa mier arasrulwlovnebis
seqsualuri eqspluatacia, sazRauris an sargeblis
miRebis mizniT; d) iZulebiTi maTxovroba _ individu-
alurad an sxvadasxva jgufebis mier arasrulwlovan-
Ta iZuleba maTxovrobaze daSinebis, gadabirebis, mo-
tyuebis an sxva formiT.88
sociologiurma kvlevam aCvena, rom trefikingis Ses-

axeb gancxadebebis simciris miuxedavad, gamokiTxuli
organიzaciebis, socialuri muSakebisa da Tavad bavS-
vebis monaTxrobidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi qu-
Cis bavSvebi erTi da igive tipis `saqmianobiT~ arian
dakavebulni, romelTa Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli
maTxovroba da fizikuri Sromaa, iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, sx-
vadasxva wvrilmani an saeklesio nivTebiT vaWroba. dam-
saqmeblis rolSი, ZiriTadad, saxeldebian mSoblebi,
romelTa nawili bavSvebTan erTad imave tipis samuSaos
asrulebs. am SemTxvevaSi iZulebiTi Sromis trefik-
ingTan gaigiveba Zalzე rTulia, aq SeiZleba visaubroT
arasrulwlovnis Cabmaze antisazogadoebriv qmede-
baSi, Tuki saxeze ar gvaqvs pasuxismgeblobis gamom-
ricxveli romelime garemoeba. aseve, amave kvlevam aCve-
na, rom maTxovrobis saSualebiT Semosavlis miRebis
mizniT, xSiria Cvil bavSvTa gaqiraveba/daqiravebis
SemTxvevebi. kerZod, TbilisSi, sanapiroze, `laguna
veres~ teritoriaze qiraobdnen Cvil bavSvebs maTxov-
robis mizniT. amasTanave, bavSvebs dasaZinebel wamlebs
88
ix. bavSvTa trefikingze Catarebuli kvlevis angariSi, BCG,
Tb., 2008, gv. 6.
420
aZlevdnen maTi tirilisgan rom ar Sewuxebuliyvnen.
Cvili bavSvebis samaTxovrod gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi
arcTu iSviaTia. samaTxovrod Cvili bavSvebis gamoyene-
bas ufro xSirad arCeven ZiriTadad ori mizezis gamo
_ iolia Cvili bavSvebis marTva da maTi daqiraveba na-
klebi ujdebaT, vidre mozrdili bavSvebis maTxovro-
biT mopovebuli Tanხis `wilSi gayvana~. Cvili bavSvebis
Semosavlis wyarod gamoyeneba sakmaod gavrcelebulia
boSebSi, Tumca rogorc kvlevam aCvena, msgavsi faqte-
bi bolo periodSi azerbaijanelebsa da qarTvelebSic
momravlda, Tumca respodentebs konkretuli informa-
cia ara aqvT damqiraveblebze89.
saqarTveloSi Semosavlis miRebis wyarod, cxadia, moz-

rdil bavSvebsac iyeneben. ase magaliTad, Tbilisis rki-
nigzis vagzlis teritoriaze gamovlinda qalTa jgufi,
romlebic 3-5 larad qiraobdnen bavSvebs mSoblebi-
sgan, Semdeg maT aiZulebdnen emaTxovraT. savaraudod,
bavSvebs scemdnen kidec, radgan socialurma muSakebma
SeniSnes Wrilobebi da naiarevebi. isini iyvnen 3-dan 9
wlis asakamde orive sqesis bavSvebi. 200 gamokiTxuli
bavSvidan daaxloebiT 30-35%-s iZulebiT amaTxovrebd-
nen, umravlesoba Zaladobis msxverplia, moZraoben
jguf-jgufad, am dros, xSirad erTmaneTzec Zaladoben,
Cxuboben, agresiulebi arian. kvlevaSi motanilia erTi
niSandoblivi magaliTi, rac eqspluataciis mimaniSne-
belia, kerZod, vagzlis teritoriaze bavSvebi isxdnen
da maTxovrobdnen. erT-erTma maTganma, rogorc Cans,
veRar gauZlo SimSils, gaipara da maTxovrobiT miRe-
buli fuliT xaWapuri iyida. maTi damqiravebeli qale-
bi iqve axlos, baRis teritoriidan akontrolebdnen
bavSvebs. maT SeumCneveli ar darCaT bavSvis saqcieli
da am `TavnebobisTvis~ sastikad scemes. maTi gzakvali
89
ix. dasaxelebuli sociologiuri kvleva
421
ver dadginda. 2006 wels socialur muSakebs dafiq-
sirebuli aqvT SemTxveva, roca qalebi mcirewlovan
bavSvebs qiraobdnen, mSoblebs uxdidnen dReSi 3 lars
da am bavSvebs amaTxovrebdnen. vfiqrobT, arasrulw-
lovanTa mimarT ganxorcielebuli amgvari qmedebebi,
mxedvelobaSia bavSvTa daqiravebis SemTxvevebi, Sesa-
Zlebelia Sefasdes rogorc bavSvTa trefikingi. ssk-is
1432-e muxliT erT-erT qmedebad gaTvaliswinebulia
arasrulwlovnis daqiraveba. rogorc sociologiuri
kvleva adasturebs, saqarTveloSi ufro xSirad vxvdeb-
iT bavSvTa SromiT eqspluatacias _ bavSvebis SromiT
datvirTvas da gamoyenebas aranormirebuli droiT.
SromiTi saqmianoba Zalian xSirad nebayoflobiTia _
mozardebi advilad gadabirebadi kategoriaa, trefiki-
orisTvis yovelTvis advilia daiTanxmos bavSvi, romel-
sac ar SeuZlia movlenebis zustad aRqma da swori gad-
awyvetilebis miReba.
trefikingis msxverplad qcevis risk-faqtori gansa-

kuTrebiT maRalia quCis bavSvebSi. zogierTi maTgani
Tavs ver aRwevs Zaladobas da trefikingis potenciuri
msxverpli xdeba, moZalades ki `mfarvelad~ aRiqvams.
`mfarvelis~ instituti quCaSi cxovrebis Tanmxlebi
aucileblobaa. es bavSvebisTvis usafrTxoebis garan-
tiaa, romliს mimarT TiTqos madlierebas gamoxataven,
magram zogierTebi amis paralelurad, Tavis meurvee-
bs ZaladobaSic amxelen. quCas Tavisi kanonebi aqvs
da sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli wesebi masze ar vr-
celdeba. quCis bavSvebi maTxovrobiT gamomuSavebuli
Tanxis nawils aZleven adamians, romelic maT mfarvel-
obs. quCaSi xSirad xdeba usiamovnebebi. bavSvebis daax-
loebiT 12% mudmivad konfliqtur urTierTobaSia
rogorc TanatolebTan, aseve ufrosebTan. aseT dros
marto yofna rTulia. adamiani, romelsac isini fuls
422
unawileben, quCis problemebis mogvarebaSi exmareba
maT. rodesac quCis bavSvi maTxovrobiT ver agrovebs
saTanado Tanxas imisTvis, rom mfarvels gadauxados,
zogjer igi fizikurad uswordeba. amgvar faqtebs
meore sociologiuri kvlevac adasturebs, magram re-
spodentebTan es kiTxva aRaraa CaRrmavebuli, vis ux-
dian fuls, mfarvelia Tu ubralod moZalade da sxv.
zogierTi quCis bavSvi Tavad iTvisebs warmatebiT `qu-
Cis kanonebs~ da moZaladis rolSi gamodis, erT-erTi
bavSvis monaTxrobiT, sanam TbilisSi Camovidoda, masze
asakiT ufrosebi aiZulebdnen maRaziebi gaequrda. am
SemTxvevaSi mTlian Tanxas isini iRebdnen, Tu maT Tanxa
ar daakmayofilebdaT, scemdnen. amis Semdeg gadawyvita
regionidan TbilisSi gamoqceva, Sekriba xuTi Tavisi
Tanatoli da asakiT umcrosi bavSvi, romlebic maTxov-
robdnen da misTvis mihqondaT Tanxis naxevari. amgvar
faqtebs sxva wyaroebic asaxeleben. arasrulwlovanTa
mimarT iZulebisa da Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, romlebic
quCis bavSvebis Cveulebriv yofas asaxaven, ramdenad
SesaZlebelia gavaigivoT trefikingTan rTuli saTq-
melia. maT ara aqvT Tavisufleba SezRuduli, Seqmnili
socialuri sinamdvilidan gamomdinare Tavad irCeven
cxovrebis amgvar wess, Tumca, cxadia, es ar gamoricx-
avs srulwlovnebis pasuxismgeblobas arasrulwlovnis
antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi CabmisTvis, cemisTvis,
ZaladobisTvis, ufro metic, konkretuli danaSaulis
waqezebisaTvis an SualobiTi amsruleblobisTvis.
zusti daskvnebis gakeTebas arTulebs is garemoe-

bac, rom qveynis masStabiT ar arsebobs statistika
quCis bavSvebis raodenobaze, sxvadasxva xasiaTis an-
tisazogadoebriv qmedebebSi Cabmis maCvenebelze. ne-
bismieri qveynis statistikaSi trefikingis msxverplTa
raodenobis sami saxis cifrebs vxvdebiT: 1) sasamarTlo
423
statistika; 2) policiis cifrebi, romelic yovelTvis
metia; 3) cifrebi, romelsac arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciebi floben.
aqedan gamomdinare, Cven mxolod hipoTeturi msjeloba

SegviZlia quCis bavSvebis trefikingis msxverplad qce-
vis riskfaqtorze. SesaZlebelia, is vinc arasamTavrobo
organizaciisTvis, wminda humanitaruli TvalsazrisiT,
trefikingis de-faqto msxverplia, samarTaldamcavi
organosTvis misi de-iure aRiareba rTuli iyos, anu
arasamTavrobo organizaciam SeiZleba bavSvi de-faqto
msxverplad scnos, magram de-iure misi dazaralebulad
cnoba ver moxerxdes, radgan msxverplis identifikaci-
is problema Zalian rTulia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom quCaSi yoveldRe vxedavT mzrun-

velobamoklebul bavSvebs, isini mainc farul popula-
ciad iTvleba. saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo seqtoris
mier ganxorcielebuli mwiri sociologiuri kvlevebi
srul warmodgenas ver gviqmnis arsebul viTarebaze,
Tundac kvlevis meTodologiidan gamomdinare. zogjer
is, rasac sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi xmamaRla uwo-
deben kvlevas, yovelTvis ar warmoadgens sociologiur
kvlevas. magaliTad, arasamTavrobo organizaciis fed-
eracia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~-s Catarebul kvlevaSi,
gamokiTxuli 1600 bavSvidan 55% acxadebda, rom fulis
gamosamuSaveblad maTxovroben, magram ar iqna garkveu-
li, xom ar iyvnen es bavSvebi eqspluataciis msxverpli.
miT ufro, rom gamokiTxuli bavSvebis 23%-ma ganacxada,
rom maTxovrobiT naSovn fuls sxvas aZlevda.90
rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnaven, trefikingis msxverpl-
90
ix. `nu miwodebT quCis bavSvs~, gaeros bavSvTa fondi,
2009.
424
Ta kvlevis sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom raodeno-
brivi meTodebi praqtikulad usargebloa, radgan isini
ZneladmosaxelTebeli kategoriaa, aramravalricxo-
vani, adamianTa SezRuduli wrea, romelsac reabilita-
cia esaWiroeba. amitom unda Catardes Tvisobrivi kvl-
eva siRrmiseuli intervius meTodiT, winaswar SeirCes
SekiTxvebi, romlebic unda moicvas intervium, SeirCes
prioritetebi: vin gamovkiTxoT, ra mizniT, ra meTodiT
da a.S. trefikingis problema ara mxolod aqtualuria,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom CvenSi modurad iqca, ZiriTadad
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis, magram isini xSir-
ad aisbergis mxolod xilul nawils ikvleven. aseTi re-
zultati ki zusti daskvnebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas
ar iZleva, maTi mxridan Tundac aseTi keTilSobiluri
miznebis misaRwevad, rogoricaa arasrulwlovanTa
trefikingis prevencia, msxverplis reabilitacia, re-
integracia da a.S. vfiqrobT, amgvari sociologiuri
kvlevebi saWiroa Catardes Tavad Sesabamisi saxelm-
wifo organizაciebis mier an maTi dakveTiT, rameTu
samarTaldamcav organoebs sazogadoebrivi organiza-
ciebisgan gansxvavebiT, sxva miznebi amoZravebT, ker-
Zod, pirvel rigSi organizebul danaSaulTan brZola.
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis sainformacio resursebi
gacilebiT didia, romelTa monacemebi Sejerebuli
unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monacemebT-
an, raTa raime racionalur daskvnebamde mivideT.
dRes saqarTveloSi, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas rom trefiking-

Tan brZola warmatebulia, es saxelmwifo da arasamTav-
robo seqtoris erToblivi Zalisxmevis Sedegia. cxadia,
mxolod oficialuri monacemebi, vTqvaT sagamoZiebo
an sasamarTlo statistika, ise rogorc arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier identificirebul msxverplTa
raodenoba ver Segviqmnis srul, obieqtur warmodgenas
425
trefikingis masStabze qveyanaSi. es mxolod arapirda-
piri kriteriumebia, trefikingi ki latenturi dana-
Saulia, igi ar miekuTvneba im danaSaulTa kategorias,
romlis asprocentiani registracia xdeba, ufro metic,
registracia xdeba mxolod aisbergis zeda nawilisa.
dRes yvela Tanxmdeba da aravin kamaTobs imaze, rom ada-
mianiT vaWrobis daregistrirebul danaSaulTa raode-
noba absoluturad ar Seesabameba realurad Cadenil
danaSaulTa raodenobas. saintereso iqneboda saqarT-
veloSi sxvadasxva qveynebidan deportirebul pirTa
gamokiTxva, maTi ricxvis dadgena sazRvris dacvis da
migraciis samsaxurebTan TanamSromlobiT, risTvis ar-
ian deportirebuli, romeli qveynebidan. sasurvelia,
rom sazogadoebrivma organizaciebma da saxelmwifo
struqturebma Caataron unificirebuli kvlevebi, raTa
mxedvelobidan ar iqnes gaSvebuli raime mniSvnelovani
da kvlevis Sedegebi iyos SeTavsebadi da Sedarebadi.
amgvari kvlevebi unda xorcieldebodes regularu-
lad.
eqspertebi Tvlian, rom trefikingis danaSaulis la-

tenturoba 2%-ia. amasTanave, yvela identificirebuli
msxverpli ar midis TavSesafarSi, aseTi mxolod 10%-ia,
aqedanac yvela ar iqneba Tanaxma Cvenebis micemaze. gamo-
dis, rom trefikingis 1000-2000 SemTxvevidan gamovle-
nili iqneba 10-20 msxverpli, maTgan 1-2 miva TavSesafa-
rSi da didi albaToba ar aris, rom Tundac erTi maTgani
miscems Cvenebas.91
ramdenime sityviT unda SevCerdeT gaeros bavSvTa fon-

dis (UNICEF) da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagen-
tos finansuri mxardaWeriT, federacia `gadavarCinoT
91
antitrefikinguli regionuli programa, samuSao Sexve-
drebis masalebi, Caqvi., 2005, gv. 75.
426
bavSvebi~-s mier Catarebul sociologiur kvlevaze,
romelic Seexeba saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis arsebul
mdgomareobas. aRniSnulma kvlevam moicva 2007 wlis iv-
nisidan 2008 wlis agvistomde periodSi 18 wlamde asakis
bavSvebi, romlebic `quCaSi SeiniSnebian~ oTx yvelaze
did urbanul centrSi: Tbilisi, quTaisi, rusTavi, ba-
Tumi. quCis bavSvebi urbanul saqarTveloSi metwilad
arian 5-dan 14 wlamde asakis biWebi, romlebic ZiriTadad
maTxovroben. quCis bavSvebis arseboba saqarTveloSi
daucveli bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis winaSe arsebuli
mravali socialur-ekonomikuri problemis gamovline-
baa da ara gancalkevebuli fenomeni, quCis bavSvebis
raodenoba vardebis revoluciamde da mis Semdgom di-
dad ar gansxvavdeba, arsebobs zrdis tendencia.
saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 25% bavSvia.
adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo or-
ganizaciebis SefasebiT qveyanaSi quCis bavSvebis ra-
odenoba 500-dan 5 000-mde meryeobs. quCis bavSvebis
aRwerisas sxvadasxva organizaciebis sociologiur
kvlevebSi urTierTgansxvavebul klasifikaciebs vx-
vdebiT sxvadasxva indikatorebis momarjvebiT. cxadia,
quCis bavSvebis kategorizaciis erTiani klasifikato-
ri (indikatori) ar arsebobs. es damokidebulia kvle-
vis mizanze, meTodologiaze da a.S. yvelaze gavrcele-
bulia quCis bavSvebis organzomilebiani gansazRvre-
bebi, romelic yuradRebas amaxvilebs im adgilze (anu
quCaze), sadac bavSvebi drois umetes nawils atareben
da aseve bavSvebis ojaxebTan kavSiris intensivobaze.
am kriteriumebiT ganasxvaveben quCis bavSvebs, romle-
bic mudmivad quCaSi cxovroben da iSviaTad an saerTod
ara aqvT kontaqti ojaxTan da quCaSi myof bavSvebs, anu
bavSvebs romlebiც dRes quCaSi atareben da Rame ojaxeb-
Si brundebian. cxadia, termini `quCis bavSvi~ pirobiTia
da negatiuri datvirTvis stigmaa. saqarTveloSi quCis
427
bavSvebis umravlesobis asaki 14 wels ar aRemateba. amas-
Tanave SeiniSneba mcirewlovani da Cvili bavSvebis didi
raodenoba (15%), romlebic ZiriTadad dedebTan erTad
maTxovroben.92
saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis umravlesoba iZulebu-

lia fulis gamomuSavebaze izrunos, rom sakuTari Tavi
an/da ojaxი arCinos. bavSvebis didi nawili Semosav-
lis miRebis erT an or strategias mimarTavs: yvelaze
gavrcelebulia maTxovroba, gansakuTrebiT SedarebiT
mcirewlovan bavSvebsa da gogonebs Soris da muSaoba,
rogoricaa wvrilmanebiT vaWroba (sanTlebi, xatebi,
yvavilebi), saqonlis gadatana, fizikuri Sroma (mt-
virTaoba), boTlebis an jarTis Segroveba, manqanebis
recxva da sxva. maTxovar bavSvebs xSirad viRac axlavs,
momuSave bavSvebi ki, martoni arian xolme. SeiniSneba
qurdobis SemTxvevebic. komerciuli seqsis SemTxvevebs
saqarTvelos quCis bavSvebi iSviaTad axseneben. Semosav-
lebis gamommuSavebeli quCis bavSvebis Sesaxeb erT-erT
kvlevaSi ramdenime bavSvma Semosavlis wyarod azartul
TamaSebSi monawileoba daasaxela. maSasadame, quCis
bavSvebis ZiriTadi saqmianoba, CvenTan, maTxovroba da
quCaSi Sromaa. bavSvebis Cabma Semosavlis mimReb saqmi-
anobaSi ZiriTadad ojaxis materialuri siduxWiriT
aris nakarnaxebi. maT quCisken ubiZgebs siRaribe, mSo-
belTa umuSevroba, usaxlkaroba. Semosavlis momtani
saqmianoba xSirad emateba (an Caanacvlebs) ojaxis Se-
mosavals an saSualebas aZlevs bavSvs Tavad mixedos sa-
kuTar Tavs da Sesabamisad, Seamciros ojaxis xarjebi.
zogjer bavSvebi quCis ekonomikur saqmianobaSi dedebT-
an an naTesavebTan erTad erTvebian. quCaSi Semosavlis
mimRebi bavSvebi fulis gamomuSavebisTvis gamoyofil
92
ix. nu miwodebT quCis bavSvs, gaeros bavSvTa fondi, Tb. 2009 gv. 11.
428
dros, socialur samsaxurSi (socialuri momsaxureba
_ TavSesafrebi, ufaso sasadiloebi da misT.) yofniT
miRebul bundovan perspeqtivas, iSviaTad amjobineben.
SemaSfoTebelia is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi quCis bavS-
vebis meore Taobas vxvdebiT, anu quCis bavSvebis dede-
bis nawils quCaSi cxovreba Tavad aqvT gamocdili.
bavSvis SromaSi CabmiT ojaxis Semosavlis gazrdis
fenomeni msoflios masStabiT siRaribes ukavSirdeba.
ganviTarebad qveynebSi Raribi mSoblebi rTuli gadaw-
yvetilebis winaSe dganan. ukiduresi gaWirvebis Jams,
bevri ojaxi ufro prioritetulad miiCnevs bavSvi
ojaxis arsebobisTvis aucilebeli yoveldRiuri sax-
srebis moZiebaSi CaerTos, vidre skolaSi ramdenime
saaTis gatarebis neba darTos da bavSvis saqmianobidan
miRebuli damatebiTi Semosavali dakargos. amgvarad,
mSoblebs xSirad samwuxaro gadawyvetilebis miReba
uxdebaT da bavSvis Sroma wina planze gadadis, vinaidan
misi Semosavlis dakargva mniSvnelovnad (zogjer uki-
duresad) gaauaresebs ojaxis siRaribis dones.
sxvadasxva kategoriis bavSvebi (quCaSi mcxovrebi an

ojaxTan, mzrunvelTan kavSiris mqoneni) Semosavlis
miRebis sxvadasxva strategias mimarTaven, ZiriTadi
mainc maTxovroba da quCis Sromaa. zemoT xsenebuli
sociologiuri kvlevis mixedviT, fulis gamosamuSave-
beli saqmianobidan quCis bavSvebis 55%-ma maTxovroba
daasaxela da 27%-ma Sroma. aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi
saintereso dakvirveba, gamokiTxuli bavSvebis TiTqmis
erTi meoTxedi acxadebs, rom maT mier gamomuSave-
bul fuls mSoblebi (21%) an sxvebi (2%) arTmeven. es
SemTxvevebi, ZiriTadad 10 wlis da umcros bavSvebs ex-
eba, romlebic maTxovroben. ufrosi bavSvebis mxolod
mcire nawili da isini vinc muSaobs, acxadebs, rom fuli
waarTves. Tumca, vin arian es adamianebi kvlevaSi da-
429
zustebuli araa intervius CaRrmavebiT. arasrulwlo-
vanTa maTxovrobaSi Cabmis SemTxvevebi Tbilisis garda
dafiqsirebulia sxva urbanul centrebSic. magaliTad,
socialuri muSakebis gadmocemiT quTaisSi da baTumSi
xSiria maTxovrobaSi CabmiT bavSvebis eqspluatacia.
saSiSi tendenciaa, roca saqarTveloSi aseTi kultura
mkvidrdeba _ mSoblebi amaTxovreben Tavis Svilebs,
TviTon ki fuqsavatoben. es kultura, aqamde boSebSi da
sxva araqarTul eTnikur jgufebSi iyo gavrcelebuli,
axla qarTvelebSic mkvidrdeba. saqarTveloSi aras-
rulwlovanebze ganxorcielebuli zemoxsenebuli ori
sociologiuri kvleva, aseve bavSvTa uflebebis dam-
cveli sxvadasxva organizaciebidan miRebuli informa-
ciebi, zogierTi hipoTeturi daskvnis SesaZleblobas
iZleva.
pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia, rom arasrulwlovnebze

ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis zogierTi SemTxvevis
trefikingTan identificireba sakmaod rTulia. mxed-
velobidan ar unda gamogvrCes mZime socialuri foni,
roca mSobeli iZulebuli xdeba am nabijze wavides. is,
rac garegnulad eqspluataciad Cans, ojaxis gadarCe-
nis erTaderTi saSualebaa. amitom termin eqspluata-
cias frTxilad unda mivudgeT. magaliTad, sxvadasxva
wvrilmaniT vaWroba, roca bavSvebTan erTad mSoblebic
imave tipis samuSaos asruleben anda mosavlis aRebis pe-
riodSi Semosavlis miRebis mizniT mSoblebis mier bavS-
vebis samuSaod gaSveba da swavlas mowyveta. mSoblebi
amgvar movlenas normalur viTarebad afaseben, rad-
gan saarsebod maT sxva saSualeba ara aqvT, garda amisa,
bavSvebi imdenad miCveuli arian amgvari cxovrebis wess,
rom maT მimarT ganxorcielebul qmedebebs ver ukav-
Sireben trefikings. es maTi cxovrebis wesad iTvleba.
cxadia, es ar gamoricxavs imas, rom mSobeli Tavad iqces
430
Svilze moZaladed anda trefikerad _ bavSvis mimarT
sxvadasxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcielebiT, roca
mSobeli fiqrobs, rom mas SvilTan nebismieri saxis
mopyrobis ufleba aqvs.
zemoT quCis bavSvebis klasifikacia vaxseneT. arsebo-

ben quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi (TiTqmis mTlianad bi-
Webi), romelTa kavSiri ojaxTan (Tu aseTi arsebobs) Za-
lian sustia. maTi gadarCenis strategia quCaSi fulis
gamomuSavebas da arsebuli socialuri momsaxurebis
gamoyenebas moicavs. rac Seexeba quCasa da saxlSi
mcxovreb bavSvebs, romlebic weliwadSi mxolod ram-
denime Tves atareben quCaSi, umravlesoba fuls quCa-
Si gamoimuSavebs da sakuTari an ojaxis saWiroebebis
dakmayofilebaze xarjavs. trefikingisTvis yvelaze
did riskjgufs Seadgenen is bavSvebi, romlebic Rames
quCaSi an adamianis cxovrebisaTvis Seusabamo adgilas
atareben (sZinavT) erTi Tvis an meti xnis ganmavlobaSi.
maT ar hyavT ojaxi (mzrunveli) an ar hqoniaT kavSiri
ojaxTan (mzrunvelTan) erTi Tvis an meti xnis ganmav-
lobaSi, isini sakuTar Tavs TviTonve uzrunvelyofen
da mopovebul fuls sakuTar saWiroebebze da quCis
garemocvaze xarjaven.93
Cveni dakvirveბiT, SromiTi eqspluataciis yvelaze

did risk jgufs quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi Seadgenen.
amasTanave, ZiriTadad, es exeba 14 wlamde asakis baSvebs,
vinaidan maTxovroba am dromde grZeldeba, rogorc ki
bavSvebi mozardobis asakSi Sedian aRarc maTxovrobis
survili aqvT da aRarc mosaxleoba exmareba maT. Aamde-
nad, Semosavlis es wyaro espobaT da Semosavlis miRebis
sxva wyaros eZeben, xSirad qurdoben da kanonTan kon-
93
sociologiuri kvleva `nu miwodebT quCis bavSvs~ _ UNI-
CEF, 2009, gv. 11.
431
fliqtSi modian. cxadia, arc imis gamoricxva SeiZleba,
rom Semosavlis miRebis axali wyaros ZiebaSi isini ama
Tu im saxis eqspluataciis msxverplad iqcnen. sain-
teresoa kidev erTi dakvirveba, maTxovrobis msxver-
pli bavSvi Semdgom TviTon abams sxvas maTxovrobaSi da
eqspluatacias uwevs sxvas. am socialur wreSi Znelia
SeaRwios gareSe pirma.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damცvelis saangariSo moxsene-

bebSi sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba `quCis bavSvebs~. ase
magaliTad, saxalxo damcvelis 2004 wlis saangariSo
moxsenebaSi vkiTxulobT: bavSvTa uflebebis darRve-
vis TvalsazrisiT, erT-erTi yvelaze mZime mdgomareo-
baa e.w. quCis bavSvebis kuTxiT. ar arsebobs quCis bavS-
vebis problematikis amsaxveli zusti statistikuri
monacemebi. isini arian praqtikulad yvela did qalaqSi.
TbilisSi quCis bavSvebis raodenoba sxvadasxva mona-
cemebiT 100-dan 1200-mde meryeobs, saxalxo damcvelis
aparatis monitoringma daadgina, rom TbilisSi quCaSi
Rames regularulad aTevs daaxloebiT 70-90 bavSvi.94
saxalxo damcvelis 2008 wlis saangariSo moxsenebaSi

aRniSnuliა, rom xSirad Tavad mSoblebi ubiZgeben Svi-
lebs maTxovrobisa da danaSaulisken. isini patarao-
bidanve swavloben quCaSi cxovrebas da wvrilmani
qurdobiTa da maTxovrobiT aqvT Semosavali. isini ar
emorCilebian socialuri kontrolis formebs da arc
sazogadoeba gamoirCeva maT mimarT SemwynareblobiT
(tolerantobiT). xSirad es bavSvebi wvrilmani danaSau-
lisTvis Cveulebrivi damnaSaveebiviT ixdian sasjels.
mizezs ki aravin swavlobs. saTanado organoebi ar re-
agireben, rodesac aseTi bavSvebi pataraobidan iZule-
94
moxseneba saqarTveloSi 2004 wels adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, Tb., 2005, gv. 88.
432
biT maTxovroben, Sedegebs ki ara prevenciuli, aramed
represiuli zomebiT ebrZvian. SemTxveviTi araa, rom
2008 wlis 26 maiss gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma
saqarTvelos mesame perioduli angariSis mosmenisas
SeSfoTeba gamoTqva, rom ar arsebobs strategiuli
RonisZiebebi, romlebic moagvarebda quCaSi mcxovrebi
an momuSave bavSvebis mdgomareobas. komiteti gansa-
kuTrebiT SeSfoTebulia am bavSvebis mZime mdgomare-
obiT im riskebis, maT Soris trefikingis riskis gamo,
romlebic maT emuqrebaT. komitetma rekomendacia
misca saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daamkvidros quCis
bavSvebisTvis reabilitaciisa da socialuri reinte-
graciis samsaxurebi, Caataros kompleqsuri kvleva
qveyanaSi quCis bavSvebis arsebobis masStabis, bunebisa
da mizezebis Sesafaseblad, raTa Camoyalibdes preven-
ciis erovnuli strategia. uzrunvelyos sakmarisi ra-
odenobis TavSesafrebi rogorc TbilisSi, ise qveynis
sxva kuTxeebSi. samwuxarod, mas Semdeg am bavSvebisTvis
situacia mxolod gauaresda, vinaidan quCis bavSvebi-
saTvis ar ganviTarebula axali socialuri servisebi
da amave dros moxda maTi gamoTiSva servisebidan. ar
momxdara maTi monacemebis Segroveba statistikisa da
saWiroebebis dasadgenad. kerZod, ,,bavSvze zrunvis~
saxelmwifo programidan amoRebul iqna socialuri
momsaxurebis servisebi, quCis bavSvebi darCnen dRis
centris servisis gareSe. 2009 wlis ,,bavSvze zrunvis~
saxelmwifo programaSi quCis bavSvebisTvis social-
uri servisis erTaderTi wyaro sadReRamiso TavSesa-
faria, sadac mxolod 40 bavSvisTvis aris adgili. sxva
aranairi momsaxureba konkretulad am miznobrivi jgu-
fis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare dagegmili da ganxor-
cielebuli ar aris.95
95 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis saparlamento moxseneba

2009/2. www.ombudsman.ge
433
amitomac iyo, rom gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitet-
ma sinanuli gamoTqva misi rekomendaciebis Seus-
ruleblobis gamo, romelic Seexeboda qveynis SigniT
gadaadgilebul bavSvebs (quCis bavSvebs). maTi gadauWr-
eloba safrTxes uqmnis bavSvTa keTildReobas. rogorc
zemoT aRiniSna, quCis bavSvTa saqmianobis ZiriTad
sferos maTxovroba, wvrilmani qurdoba, prostitu-
cia da toqsikomania warmoadgens. bavSvTa Sromam saqa-
rTvelosaTvis sruliad uCveulo masStaბebi SeiZina.
umuSevrobis maRali maCveneblis fonze ojaxis rCe-
nis funqciis mniSvnelovani wili bavSvebma itvirTes.
am garemoebam Zlier Searyia mozardis socialuri
formirebis tradiciuli garemo.
saxalxo damcvelis moxsenebebis mixedviT, SemaSfoTe-

belia ojaxSi bavSvebze Zaladobis masStabebic. Sss mo-
nacemebiT, 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan 1 ivlisamde saqarT-
veloSi gamocemulia 326 Semakavebeli orderi. maT So-
ris TbilisSi Sedgenilia 234 oqmi. Tumca ar arsebobs
zusti statistika ramdeni bavSvi gaxda ojaxuri Za-
ladobis msxverpli. ojaxur Zaladobas da sxva arasax-
arbielo garemos (narkomania, alkoholizmi) gamoq-
ceul bavSvebs uwevT quCaSi cxovrეba da maTxovroba.
Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis raodenoba arc Tu ise
mcirea, Tumca xSirad ar xdeba msgavsi faqtebis gamov-
lena, vinaidan ar arsebobs am problemis mimarT siste-
muri reagirebis meqanizmi. xSirad, aseTi SemTxvevebi
yovelgvari reagirebis gareSe rCeba. bavSvTa uflebriv
mdgomareobaze saintereso monacemebs flobs saxalxo
damcvelis aparati. ase magaliTad, saxalxo damcvelis
bavSvis uflebaTa centrs gancxadebiT mimarTa Tbili-
sis bavSvTa socialuri adaptaciis centris direqtor-
ma. erT SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda am centrSi moxvedril
bavSvs, romelsac deda da deida fizikuri da fsiqi-
434
kuri ZaladobiT aiZulebdnen maTxovrobas da maTTvis
fulis mitanas, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 8 wlis bavSvs,
romelic sakuTari maminacvlis seqsualuri Zaladobis
msxverpli gaxda; saxalxo damcvels 15 wlis arasrulw-
lovanma gogonamac mimarTa mamis mxridan seqsualuri
Zaladobis faqtze. bavSvTAa trefikingis potenciur
safrTxes adasturebs saqarTveloSi bavSvebis mimarT
Zaladobis erovnuli kvleva 2007-2008 wlebSi. aseTi
socialuri sinamdvilis fonze imis mtkiceba, rom saqa-
rTveloSi bavSvTa trefikingi ar arsebobs, safuZvels
moklebulia.
adamianTa vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis 2005-2006

wlebis samoqmedo gegmiT (aseve momdevno samoqmedo
gegmebiT), saxalxo damcvelis aparats da arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebs eTxovaT trefikingis monitoringi.
aqedan gamomdinare, maT mier mowodebuli informacie-
bi met yuradRebas da guldasmiT Seswavlas saWiroebs.
§ 4. bavSvTa trefikingis da komerciuli seqsualuri

eqspluataciis prevencia (rekomendaciebi)
bavSvTa trefikingi mis nebismier gamovlinebaSi bavSvTa

uflebebis uxeSi darRvevaa, is bavSvebs arTmevs srul-
fasovani da Rirseuli cxovrebis SesaZleblobas, rac
maTi pirovnebis sruli da harmoniuli ganviTarebis
aucilebeli pirobaa.
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvi fizikuri, sulieri,

moraluri da socialuri ganviTაrebis TvalsazrisiT
savalalo Sedegebamde midis, rac zogjer mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze grZeldeba. roca isini tramvas
iReben cxovrebis am etapze, Sedegebi damangrevelia da
435
mTel maT momaval cxovrebaze axdens gavlenas. garda
fizikuri zianisa, bavSvTa sxvadasxva formis eqsplua-
tacias Sedegad mosdevs stigmatizacia, sircxvilis,
sakuTari Tavis upativcemulobis, uimedobis, SiSis
gancda, depresia da sxv. rac ufro xangrZlivia eqsplu-
ataciis vada, miT meti problemebi iqmneba bavSvis fizi-
kuri da sulieri janmrTelobisTvis. Eqspertebi, gansa-
kuTrebiT momakvdinebel faqtorad Tvlian bavSvebze
sxvadasxva saxis Zaladobas kibernetikul sivrceSi. mag-
aliTad, bavSvi, romelsac aiZules pozireba uxams gamo-
saxulebebSi, mogvianebiT didi sulieri tkiviliT itan-
jeba. virtualuri garemoTi uzrunvelyofili porno-
grafiuli masalebis Senaxvis uvado xandazmuloba da
globaluri xelmisawvdomoba, SesaZleblobas arTmevs
bavSvs daeuflos da gaanadguros sakuTari gamosax-
uleba, rac daexmareboda sulieri tramvis gamklave-
baSi; internetis qselSi sakuTari SiSveli gamosax-
ulebis arseboba Zalian tanjavs bavSvebs. sircxvilis
gancda gansakuTrebiT mwvavea mozardebisTvis, radgan
isini Tvlian, rom maTze ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba
xels SeuSlis ojaxis Seqmnas, dedobas da sxv. SeSfoTe-
bas aZlierebs is faqtic, rom bavSvi acnobierebs masze
Zaladobis amsaxvelი gamosaxulebis damzadebis da
gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas momavalSic, rogorc mi-
kro socialur garemoSi, ise mTeli msoflios masSta-
biT. es simptomi maSinac Cndeba roca mozardi Tavad
amzadebs sakuTar pornografiul gamosaხulebas da in-
ternetSi aTavsebs. aRarafers vambobT kiberarSiyobiT
gamowveul fsiqologiur Sedegebze.96
96
pornografiis gavlena bavSvTa socializaciaze mkaf-
iod esmiT damnaSaveebs, romlebic mas iyeneben bavSvebT-
an arSiyobisTvis. igi xels uwyobs bavSvebSi qcevis iseTi
modelebis da Sexedulebebis Canergvas, rasac pornoma-
sala asaxavs. is aZlიეrebs iseT socialur Sexedulebebs,
436
travmas aZlierebs isic, rom pornografiuli masala,
romelic bavSvis damcirebas asaxavs garegnulad Za-
ladobis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs, mas kamerebis win
aiZuleben Rimils, simSvides, es ki danaSaulSi Tana-
monawilis gancdas aRZravs da SiSs sazogadoebis winaSe,
romelic ar daijerebs mis mimarT ganxorcielebul Za-
ladobas. Ecpat-is informaciiT, SveciaSi pornografiis
msxverpli bavSvebi uaryofdnen Zaladobis faqts, Tum-
ca vizualuri mtkicebulebebi saxeze iyo. trefikingis
msxverpli bavSvi stigmatizebuli xdeba da momavalSi
masze ganxorcielebul Zaladobas is Cveulebriv ambad
aRiqvams. aseTi bavSvebiT manipulireba Zalian ioli
xdeba.
bavSvebis viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyobi garemoe-

bebi uamravia. bavSvebis trefikingis msxverplad qcevis
risks zrdis sxvadasxva faqtorebi. maT Soris erT-erTi
gavrcelebulia ojaxuri faqtorebi _ Zaladoba da si-
sastike ojaxSi, alkoholis an narkotikebis borotad
gamoyeneba, ganaTlebis dabali done, mSoblebsa da Svi-
lebs Soris arajansaRi damokidebuleba, mzrunveloba
moklebuli da oboli bavSvebi da sxv.
socialur-ekonomikuri faqtorebidan, aRsaniSnavia

siRaribe, umuSevrobis maRali done, ganaTlebis miReb-
is minimaluri SesaZlebloba, bavSvTa dacvis efeqturi
sistemis uqonloba, masobrivi informaciis saSualebe-
bis mavne zemoqmedeba, mavne tradiciebi, (e.w. kulturis
romelic aufasurebs gogonebs biWebis da mamakacebis

TvalSi. pornomasalam mayurebelSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios
damokidebuleba, grZnobaTa gauxeSeba, mibaZva, safrTxes
zrdis is faqtic, rom masalebi, romlebic asaxaven Za-
ladobas, uxamsobas, degradacias, dRes ufro xelmisawv-
domia kibersivrceSi, vidre adre iyo.
437
msxverpli bavSvebi), quCaSi cxovreba da Sroma (e.w. quCis
bavSvebi) SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi, sagangebo situa-
ciebi, stiqiuri ubedurebebi, sainformacio da sakomu-
nikacio teqnologiebi, ukanono Svilad ayvana da sxv.
calke riskjgufs qmnian e.w. ùbeduri~ bavSvebi, rogor-
icaa mitovebuli bavSvebi, meurveobis qveS myofi bavS-
vebi, narkotikis an alkoholis momxmarebeli bavSvebi,
eTnikuri, religiuri an sxva saxis umciresobebis wevri
bavSvebi, trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebi da sxv.
trefikingis profilaqtikisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs

bavSvTa viqtimizaciis procesis xelSemwyobi garemoe-
bebis aRmofxvras. magaliTad, azerbaijanis respubli-
kis trefikingTan brZolis kanoni Seicavs trefikingis
potenciuri msxverplis ganmartebas (mawanwalebi, maTx-
ovrebi, oblebi, umeTvalyureod darCenili, narko-
tikebze da fsiqotropul nivTierebebze damokidebuli
bavSvebi da sxv.)
bavSvTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da pre-

venciis ZiriTad saerTaSoriso instruments warmoad-
gens gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (1989) da misi
fakultaturi oqmi. am dokumentebSi Camoyalibebulia
minimaluri moTxovnebi, romelsac unda Seesabamebodes
nacionaluri kanonmdebloba, raTa bavSvebi dacul iqnen
vaWrobisgan, prostituciaSi an pornografiaSi Cabmis-
gan. es dokumentebi Seicaven saxelmwifoTa saerTaSor-
iso TanamSromlobis ZiriTad principebs trefikingis
aRkveTisa da devnis, misi Tavidan acilebis, msxverpl
bavSvTa reintegraciis da dacvis uzrunvelsayofad.
1996 wlis 27-31 agvistos q. stokholmSi, bavSvTa komer-

ciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg Catare-
bul msoflio kongresze, miRebul iqna deklaracia da
438
samoqmedo gegma bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan, bavSvTa pros-
tituciasa da pornografiasTan sabrZolvelad. am
RonisZiebaTa gegmas mxari dauWira meore kongresmac
2001 wels, ra drosac RonisZiebaTa gegmis xelmomweri
qveynebis ricxvi 161-mde gaizarda. am farTo sazoga-
doebrivma aliansma, romelSic mTeli msoflios mas-
StabiT gaerTianebuli arian saxelmwifo da arasaxelm-
wifo struqturebi, garkveul progress miaRwia komer-
ciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciisgan bavSvTa dacvis
saqmeSi, Tumca yvela qveyanas Tanabari Zalisxmeva ar
ganuxorcielebia RonisZiebaTa gegmis SesrulebaSi da
garkveuli warmatebis miuxedavad, bevri xarvezi rCeba.
stolkholmis RonisZiebaTa gegma warmoadgens konk-
retul samoqmedo struqturas, RonisZiebaTa katego-
riebs, romlebic unda ganaxorcielon mTavrobebma sa-
zogadoebriv organizaciebTan da sxva dainteresebul
mxareebTan erTad bavSvTa komerciul seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, sazogadod es
gegma moicavs: a) samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo da saer-
TaSoriso organizaciebis saqmianobis koordinacias da
TanamSromlobas, adgilobriv, regionul, nacionalur
da saerTaSoriso doneze; b) bavSvTa komerciuli seqsu-
aluri eqspluataciis aRkveTas, aq Sedis prevenciuli
RonisZiebebi; g) bavSvTa dacvas, reabilitacias da re-
integracias.
amgvarad, stokholmis RonisZiebaTa gegma aris form-

aluri saxelmZRvanelo struqtura, romelsac saxelm-
wifoTa mTavrobebi iyeneben bavSvTa komerciuli se-
qsualuri eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
ase magaliTad, ukrainas, romelmac miiRo stokholmis
RonisZiebaTa gegma, Tavis programaSi aqvs: a) kriteri-
umebis SemuSaveba, msxverpli bavSvebis identifikaci-
isTvis, msxverplis statusis misaniWeblad; b) special-
439
uri sasjelebis SemoReba bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsplua-
taciisTvis; g) uwyveti kontroli ukrainuli internet-
saitebisadmi, raTa gamovlindes pornografiis mwar-
moebeli da gamavrcelebeli pirebi; d) specializebuli
sareabilitacio centrebis Seqmna da sxv.
saqarTvelo ar SeerTebia stolkholmis samoqmedo geg-

mas. Cven mizanSewonilad migvaCnia am programis xelmow-
era da implimentacia qarTul sinamdvileSi. marTalia,
saqarTveloSi bevri ram gakeTda adamianebiT vaWrobis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, specialuri sakanonmdeblo
bazis SeqmniT dawyebuli da erovnuli referaluri
meqanizmis CamoyalibebiT damTavrebuli, rac trefik-
ingis winaaRmdeg brZolis sami samoqmedo gegmis real-
izaciis farglebSi ganxorcielda, magram es RonisZie-
bebi ar yofila orientirebuli sagangebod bavSvTa
trefikingis da komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluat-
aciis aRkveTaze. mas Semdeg rac saqarTvelo 2007 wels
aSS saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT trefikingTan
brZolaSi warmatebuli qveynebis rigSi _ pirvel kal-
aTaSi moxvda, adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg mimarTu-
li RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSori-
so sakoordinacio sabWo didi aqtivobiT ar gamoirCeva.
sustia koordinacia sxvadasxva organizaciebs Soris.
saqarTveloSi araTu bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg, aramed zogadad bavSvTa
trefikingis, misi safrTxeebisa da riskebis Sesaxeb
raime koordinirebuli Sexvedra, msjeloba an mrgvali
magidac ar gamarTula, ufro metic, qveyanaSi bavSvTa
trefikingis zusti statistikac ki ar arsebobs. saSuria
aseTi RonisZiebis dagegmva moqmedebaTa koordinaciisa
da informaciis gacvlisTvis.
bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan da komerciul seqsualur
440
eqspluataciasTan sabrZolvelad mizanSewonilia
Seiqmnas arasrulwlovanTa winaaRmdeg danaSaulis
Sesaxeb monacemTa erTiani baza, Camoyalibdes mkafio
koordinaciis meqanizmi samTavrobo, arasamTavro-
bo seqtorsa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebs Soris;
erovnul referalur meqanizmSi sagangebo aqcenti
gakeTdes bavSvTa trefikingis sisxlissamarTlebriv
devnaze, prevenciasa da msxverplTa dacvaze; meti yu-
radReba unda daeTmos qveynis SigniT bavSvebiT vaWro-
bis problemis Seswavlas, quCis bavSvebis, rogorc
risk jgufebis raodenobis Semcirebas, maT CarTvas
sxvadasxva instituciebSi; bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa samarTaldamcav organo-
Ta muSakebis specialuri gadamzadeba trefikingis da
sazogadod, komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
msxverpli bavSvebis identificirebisa da sxvadasxva
sareabilitacio programebSi CasarTavad; unda gam-
kacrdes kontroli saxelmwifo sazRvrebze bavSvebis
gadaadgilebaze. am mimarTebiT bevri pasuxgaucemeli
kiTxvacaa saimigracio kanonmdeblobaSi.
2008 wels braziliaSi bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri

eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg gamarTul msoflio kon-
gresze sagangebo yuradReba daeTmo bavSvTa uflebebis
saganmanaTleblo programebis ganviTarebas, kerZod,
xazi gaesva bavSvTa CarTvas iseT programebSi, romle-
bic maT Tanamedrove faseulobebis da normebis cvli-
lebebis kritikul gaazrebaSi daexmareba (magaliTad,
imis Segoneba, rom qaliSvilobaze uaris Tqma cudia).
bavSvebma kritikulad unda gaiazron axali normebi,
raTa Tavad ar iqcnen seqsualuri eqspluataciis msx-
verplad.
aseve xazi gaesva qalis pativiscemis kultis ganviTare-

bas, specialuri kvlevis ganxorcielebas mamakaცebisa
da ymawvilebis mimarT, raTa maT ganuviTardeT pati-
441
viscema im uflebaTa mimarT, rac gaaCniaT gogonebs da
qalebs.
bavSvTa trefikingis masStabebidan gamomdinare zo-

gierTi qveyana misi prevenciis originalur gzebsac
mimarTavs, magaliTad, samxreT koreis parlamentma ax-
algazrdobis dacvis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sesworebebi Sei-
tana, romelTa mixedviTac samarTaldamcav organoebs
ufleba aqvT sajarod gaaxmauron im pirTa vinaoba, vinc
bavSvebTan seqsiT arian dakavebulni. aseT pirTa siebis
gamoqveyneba efeqturi profilaqtikuri zoma iqneba da
gamoiwvevs moTxovnis Semcirebas. kanonis axali varian-
ti ufro mkacr sasjelebs iTvaliswinebs sutiniorebi-
sa da `sasiyvarulo sastumroebis~ mflobelebisTvis,
romlebic arasrulwlovnebs qiraoben.97
kanadaSi seqsturistebis mimarT iyeneben qimiur kas-

tracias e.i. xelovnur impotencias iwveven, raTa man mo-
mavalSi aRar gaimeoros msgavsi qmedeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom termini ქimiuri kastracia pirvelad

Semotanil iqna arizonas sasamarTlos mier (aSS) 1982
wels, seqsualur damnaSaveTa mkurnalobis SesaZle-
blobaze msjelobis dros. eqspertTa erTi nawili pedo-
filias Tvlis seqsualuri xasiaTis moSlilobad, meore
nawilis azriT, pedofilias aqvs damokidebulebis niS-
nebi. aqedan gamomdinare, praqtikosi samarTaldamcave-
bi Tvlian, rom pedofils cixeSi yofnis paralelurad
esaWiroeba mkurnaloba, rac gulisxmobs misi seqsua-
luri impulsebis kontrols, iseTi preparatebis gam-
oyenebas, rac CaaxSobs an daamuxruWebs mis seqsualur
aqtivobas, erTi sityviT, saubaria seqsualobis medika-
97 ix. l. eroxina, dasaxelebuli Sroma, gv. 150.
442
mentozur Semcirebaze. Tumca, pedofilეbis mkurnalo-
bis dadebiTi Sedegebi mTel msoflioSi mcirea, sruli
gankurneba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas, Tumca misi qce-
vis kontroli miRwevadia. saerTaSoriso dakvirvebiT
SesaZlebeli gaxda srulwlovani pedofilebis arau-
metes 10%-isa da axalgazrdebis 50%-is gankurneba.
amave dros, xangrZlivi mkurnalobis kursgavlilTa
Soris recidivis procenti _ 6%-s, xolo mkurnalo-
bagauvlelTa Soris recividizmi _ 35%-s. 80-ian wleb-
Si Catarebulma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom kastracia karg
zegavlenas axdens agresiul seqsualur maniakebze, maT
aTjer naklebi danaSauli Caidines ganmeorebiT, vidre
maTma arakastrirebulma `kolegebma~. Tumca pesimiste-
bi Tvlian, rom kastracia ar aris universaluri saSu-
aleba; kastraciis momxreebi ki Tvlian, rom umjobesia
qimiuri kastracia, vidre saerTod arafris gakeTeba.
magaliTad daniaSi qimiuri kastracia pirobiT vadamde
gaTavisuflebis aucilebeli pirobaa; pedofilebis
mimarT iZulebiTi kastraciis SemoReba xmelTaSua zR-
vis regionSic ganixileba, germaniaSi, CexeTsa da zogi-
erT sxva qveynebSi aseve ganxilvaSia sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
rom bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis recidivi daisa-
jos kastraciiT. gamousworebel pedofils sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ukeTeben nemss, raTa
xelovnurad gamoiwvion impotencia. Tvlian, rom amgvar
damnaSaveebs sxvas verafers mouxerxeben, maT albaT,
fsiqikac moSlili aqvT da cixe ver gamoasworebs. Tum-
ca, unda aRiniSnos, rom iZulebiTi qimiuri kastraciis
gamoyeneba ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebs.98
aSS-Si bavSvTa dacvisa da usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb 2006

wlis kanons daemata seqsualuri danaSaulisaTvis ms-
javrdebul pirTa registraciis Sesaxeb kanoni (sorna).
98
ix. www. kesa.ee
443
igi iTvaliswinebs specialuri sammarTvelos Seqmnas,
romelic seqsualuri danaSaulis Camden pirebze ganax-
orcielebs monitorings, registraciasa da kontrols.
germania axorcielebs trefikingis msxverpli adami-

anebis monacemTa Sekrebas. italias aqvs trefikingis
msxverplTa monacemTa erTiani baza. espaneTSi tre-
fikingis Camdens 6-12 wlamde vadiT ekrZaleba daikavos
nebismieri Tanamdeboba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis or-
ganoebSi da a.S.
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs bavSvebis dacva in-

ternetis mavne zemoqmedebisgan. internetSi Cadenil
samarTaldarRvevaTa mimarT sxvadasxva qveyanas gansx-
vavebuli midgoma aqvs. zogierTma qveyanam kibersivrce-
Si bavSvTa dacvis sistema da politika SeimuSava, magram
maT umravlesobas aseTi meqanizmebi ar aqvs. kibersivr-
cis globaluri bunebidan gamomdinare saerTaSoriso
da erovnul doneze saWiroa SeTanxmebuli moqmedebebi
problemis dasaZlevad. sxvadasxva qveyanas ara marto
gansxvavebuli iurisdiqciebi aqvs, aramed gansxvavebu-
li resursebi da SesaZleblobebi kibersivrceSi dana-
Saulis aRkveTisa da prevenciisaTvis. saWiroa praqti-
kuli gamocdilebis gacvla sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris.
magaliTad, 2003 wels aSS-is, kanadis, didi britaneTis
da avstraliis policiebis mier interpolTan TanamS-
romlobiT Seiqmna virtualuri globaluri special-
uri jgufi internetis meSveobiT bavSvebze seqsualur
ZaladobasTan sabrZolvelad.
dResdReobiT gadauWrelia iseTi problemac, rogori-

caa devna da meZieblobა virtualuri saSualebebiT,
rac farTod gavrcelebuli movlenaa mozardebSi da
bavSvebSi. misi Sedegebi katastrofulia da dafiqsire-
bulia TviTmkvlelobis SemTxvevebic. kibersivrceSi
444
devnis msxverplni depresiulni xdebian, ganicdian dis-
komforts, skolidan garbian da a.S. arc erT iurisdiq-
ciaSi qselSi devna ukanono qmedebad ar iTvleba, Tu is
mokvlis muqaras an sxva tradiciuli danaSaulis niS-
nebs ar Seicavs.
virtualur garemoSi bavSvTa dasacavad SemuSavebu-
lia mTeli rigi rekomendaciebi. igi moicavs Sesabamisi
politikis SemuSavebas, (moqmedebaTa nacionalur geg-
mebs), kerZo seqtorTan TanamSromlobas, saganmanaTle-
blo iniciativebs, samarTlebriv reformebs, samarTal-
damcavTa swavlebas, samecniero kvlevebs.
2005 wlidan ukrainaSi moqmedebs Ecpat international-is kam-

pania `gadavaqcioT interneti usafrTxod~. internetSi
pornografiul saitebze bavSvTa yofnis aRkveTis miz-
niT gaSvebulia programuli uzrunvelyofa `kiberZiZa~.
Tu veb gverdi Setanilia akrZaluli wyaroebis monacem-
Ta bazaSi an Seicavs sityva-indikatorebs, romelic miu-
TiTebs SezRudul saitze, programuli uzrunvelyofa
am saitze Sesvlis blokirebas axdens. SezRuduli daS-
vebis saitebis siebi mudmivad axldeba. programuli uz-
runvelyofa ufasod eZlevaT internet klubebs, inter-
net kafeebs, individualur momxmareblebs.
saqarTveloSi internetiT sargeblobs mosaxleobis

7,8%. rac ufro gaizrdeba internetiT mosargeble
mosaxleoba, miT ufro gaizrdeba pornotrefikingis
masStabebi da saWiro gaxdeba ufro efeqturi zome-
bis miReba bavSvTa dasacavad. Sesabamisi prevenciuli
zomebis gatareba, pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifos valia,
miT ufro saqarTveloSi, sadac eleqtromediis praq-
tikulad yvela saSualebas saxelmwifo akontrolebs
maregulirebeli komisiebis meSveobiT. kompiuterebze
_ saxlebSi, skolebSi, internet kafeebSi SesaZlebe-
445
lia gamfiltravi programebis dayeneba, rac mozardebs
SesaZleblobas ar miscems akrZalul saitebze Sevidnen.
cxadia, umjobesia usafrTxoebis programebis SemuSave-
ba da danergva internetprovaiderebma moaxdinon. bavS-
vTa pornografiis xelSewyobis rolSi xSirad gamodis
internetis provaideri. es problema exeba satelefono
da internetkompaniebs, kompiuteris gamyidvelebs, in-
ternetkafeebs da saTamaSo salonebs, romelTac aseve
evalebaT bavSvTa dacvis Sesabamisi zomebis danergva.
dResdReobiT axali teqnologiebis mimarT dacvis
zomebs calkeuli individebi iReben – mSoblebi, meur-
veebi, maswavleblebi. am adamianebma unda imoqmedon po-
tenciuri safrTxeebis winaaRmdeg. brZolis wina xazze
mainc mSoblebi imyofebian, maT unda gaakontrolon
ras akeTeben bavSvebi internetSi, Seamowmon romeli
saitebi moinaxula bavSvma, ra dro dahyo kompiuterTan.
zogierTi bavSvi dRe da Rames kompiuterTan atarebs.
kompiuterze damokidebuleba narkotikze damokideb-
ulebas emsgavseba. bavSvi ar Wams, ar svams, miwebebulia
kompiuterul TamaSebze, zogi avaddeba kidec. zogjer
bavSvi iZulebulia kompiuterTan ijdes, radgan mas-
Tan mSoblebi ar urTierToben da kompiuteric imitom
SeiZines, rom bavSvma naklebad Seawuxos, roca isini is-
veneben an erTobian.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam sainformacio teqnologiebi-

dan momdinare safrTxeebisgan bavSvTa dasacavad unda
SeimuSaos Sesabamisi strategia, xolo vidre am sferoSi
yovlismomcveli strategia SemuSavdeba da moqmedebis
nacionaluri gegma daideba, SesaZlebelia trefiking-
Tan brZolis referalur meqanizmSi da bavSvTa dacvis
sxva moqmed programebSi am strategiis asaxva.
sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebSi momuSave
446
kompaniebma unda SeimuSaon da danergon bavSvTa dacvis
standartebi; internet kafeebma da klubebma usafrTx-
oebis uzrunvelsayofad danergon gamfiltravi da
mablokirebeli programebi. magaliTad, kievSi masiurad
daiwyes internet kafebis daxurva da muSaobis mkacri
wesebi dauweses: Rame ar imuSaon, SuadRemde bavSvebi
ar dauSvan, radgan saskolo swavlebis droa, dablokon
pornosaitebi da a.S. saqarTveloSi quCis bavSvebis Tav-
Sesafari internet kafeebia, gansakuTrebiT zamTris pe-
riodSi, sadac mTel Rames atareben usaxlkaro bavSvebi.
maT qmedebas aravin akontrolebs.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi kompiuterul danaSaulTa

Tavs SesaZlebelia daematos specialuri muxli, romel-
ic bavSvebs daicavs kibersivrceSi Zaladobisgan, maT
Soris SantaJisa da devnisgan, ssk-is 141-e muxls dae-
matos pasuxismgebloba garyvnili qmedebisTvis kom-
piuteruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.
vfiqrobT, gonivruli iyo iuridiuli pirebis pasux-

ismgeblobis SemoReba 255-e muxliT, romlis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia bavSvTa pornografiis qselSi gavrceleb-
isTvis internetprovaideri kompaniebi daisajon.
implimentirebuli unda iqnes, kiberdamnaSaveobis Ses-

axeb evrosabWos konvenciis pozicia virtualuri sa-
bavSvo pornografiis Sesaxeb.
trefikingis prevenciisTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

saerTaSoriso rekomendaciaa savaldebulo informire-
ba, saxeldobr, daevaloT janmrTelobis dacvisa da
socialuri momsaxurebis sferos muSakebs, maswavle-
blebs, sainformacio sakomunikacio teqnologiebis
servis centrebs, internet-momsaxurebis provaid-
447
erebs, fotos tudiebs, bankebs da sakredito baraTebis
angariSebis momsaxurebis kompaniebs Seatyobinon
samarTaldamcav organoebs bavSvTa pornografiis
faqtebze eWvebis Sesaxeb. es saerTaSoriso rekomenda-
cia realizebuli aqvs aSS-s, safrangeTs da sxv.
specialur literaturaSi ukve gaismis mowodeba, rom

bavSvTa trefikingi CaiTvalos adamianurobis (kaco-
briobis) sawinaaRmdego danaSaulad da masze universa-
luri iurisdiqcia gavrceldes.
trefikingisgan bavSvTa dacvisa da reintegraciis

aucilebeli pirobaa msxverplTa identifikacia. tre-
fikingis msxverplis an potenciuri msxverplis gamosav-
lenad iyeneben indikatorebs, anu cnobili da savarau-
do faqtebis erTobliobas, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom
pirovneba aris an SesaZloa iyos vaWrobis msxverpli. msx-
verplis identifikaciis procesi sami etapisgan Sedge-
ba, trefikingis ganxorcielebis sami fazis Sesabamisad,
kerZod: moqmedeba (adamianis moZraoba-gadaadgileba,
gadabireba, gadayvana, Sefareba, miReba), adamianis gad-
aadgilebisTvis gamoyenebuli saSualebebi (muqara,
Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebi, SantaJi, motyueba da
sxva), mizani _ adamianis eqspluataciis sxvadasxva for-
ma, orgaნoebis amoRebis CaTvliT. SekiTxvebi swored
am sakiTxebis irgvliv aris koncentrirebuli. saqarT-
veloSi msxverplis identifikaciis ori gza arsebobs: 1)
msxverpli mimarTavs samarTaldamcav organoebs (anda
piriqiT) da Sesabamisi informaciis gadamowmebis Semdeg
adamians eniWeba dazaralebulis statusi; 2) msxverpli
daxmarebisTvis mimarTavs saxelmwifo fonds. mobiluri
jgufi pirovnebas utarebs intervius da informacias
gadascems mudmivmoqmed jgufs, romelic iRebs gadaw-
yvetilebas msxverplis statusTan dakavSirebiT.
448
aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT,
srulwlovnebis msxverplad aRiarebisTvis saWiroa maT
mimarT Zaladobis, iZulebis, motyuebis da sxva kvalis
arseboba, raTa maTi migracia trefikingad Sefasdes. 18
wels miuRweveli pirebis mimarT ki, moqmedebs dacvis
specialuri zomebi. saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebaTa Tanax-
mad, Tu msxverpli bavSvia, savaldebulo araa mas iZule-
biT, muqariT an motyuebiT aiZulon migracia, xolo
sakiTxi èqspluataciaze Tanxmobis~ Sesaxeb saerTod
mniSvnelobas moklebulia. ama Tu im formis eqsplua-
tacia sakmarisia imisTvis, rom bavSvi trefikingis msx-
verplad CaiTvalos. bavSvi, romelic sxva piris mier
gamoiyeneba sargeblis miRebis mizniT trefikingis msx-
verplad ganixileba.
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebis identifikacia Sesa-

Zlebelia rogorc daniSnulebis saxelmwifoSi, romlis
teritoriazec adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls uweven
eqspluatacias, ise warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi, msxver-
plis dabrunebis Semdgom. rogorc warmoSobis, ise
daniSnulebis saxelmwifoebSi SemuSavebulia indika-
torebi, romelTa meSveobiT SesaZlebelia trefikin-
gis msxverplTa identifikacia. magaliTad, holandiis
generaluri prokuraturis mier SemuSavebuli iqna
maCveneblebi, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia tre-
fikis msxverplTa amocnoba, maT Soris bavSvebisac.
kerZod, Tu aRmoaCenen rom 18 wels miuRweveli holan-
dieli an ucxoeli eweva prostitucias, Cndeba eWvi, rom
igi trefikingis msxverplia. eWvis safuZvelia Semdegi
garemoebebi: aralegaluri Sesvla qveyanaSi anda yalbi
dokumentebis safuZvelze, mogzaurobis organizacia
ara Tavad arasrulwlovanma, aramed sxvam gaakeTa,
mas eSinia qveynidan deportaciisa, xeli ar miuwvdeba
samedicino momsaxurebaze, misgan moiTxoven yovel-
449
dRiur minimalur Semosavals, romlis mniSvnelovani
nawili sxvas miaqvs, momsaxurebisTvis arasrulwlovani
nakleb xelfass iRebs, vidre adgilobrivi mcxovrebi,
SezRuduli aqvs gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba, muSaoba
uxdeba xangrZlivi droiT da cud pirobebSi, ganicdis
damcirebas an muSaobs Zaladobis muqaris gamo, aras-
rulwlovnis ojaxi samSobloSi mZime ekonomikur pi-
robebSia da damokidebulia mis Semosavalze, arasrul-
wlovnis naTesavebs samSobloSi aSantaJeben an emuqre-
bian, mas ara aqvs mudmivi samuSao adgili, ar icis misi
misamarTi, ar laparakobs holandiur enaze, Camosulia
iseTi qveynidan, sadac daregistrirebulia adamianiT
vaWrobis SemTxvevebi da sxv. msgavsi kriteriumebi Se-
muSavebuli aqvT msxverplis warmoSobis saxelmwifoe-
bsac (mimwodebeli qveynebi), magaliTad, moldovaSi
SemuSavebul iqna trefikingis msxverplis amocnobis
zogierTi sarekomendacio niSnebi, romlebic cxadia
mxolod arasrulwlovnebs ar exeba da moicavs pirebs,
romlebmac Sesabamis organizaciebs mimarTes social-
uri daxmarebisTvis, pirebs, romlebic deportirebul
iqnen sxva qveynebidan savizო reJimis darRvevasTan
dakavSirebiT, samSobloSi dabrunebul pirebs, rom-
lebic gamovlenil iqnen sazRvargareT bordelebsa da
prostituciis sxva adgilze policiis alyis Sedegad,
pirebs, romlebmac policias mimarTes saCivriT sxva
qveyanaSi cud mopyrobaze.99
trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebi SeiZleba amoicnon ara

mxolod samarTaldamcavi organos muSakebma, aramed
socialurma muSakebmac, maswavleblebmac, mSoblebmac
da klientebmac ki. maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT
bavSvebis gadarCenasa da dacvaSi.
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis
99
ix. www. ecpat. international
450
brZanebulebiT damtkicda adamianiT vaWrobis msxver-
plTa identificirebis erTiani standartebi da wesi.
masSi detalurad aris reglamentirebuli adamianisT-
vis msxverplis statusis miniWebis procedura. manamde,
2006 wlis 20 noembers damtkicda samoqmedo instruqcia
trefikingis msxverplTa dasacavad (erovnuli refer-
aluri meqanizmi), masSi adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa
dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesabamisi struqtura warmodge-
nilia sami ZiriTadi safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT: 1) adamia-
niT vaWrobis msxverplis identifikacia da statusis mini-
Weba; 2) msxverplis dacva da daxmareba; 3) reintegracia da
reabilitacia.
amgvarad, daxmarebisTvis mimarTvis erovnuli meqanizmi

es aris adamianiT vaWrobis savaraudo msxverplTa identi-
fikaciis procesi sxvadasxva uwyebebis da organizaciebis
mier da maTi urTierTqmedeba imis garantiisaTvis, rom am
adamianebma isargeblon TavSesafriT, kompensaciiT, sa-
medicino daxmarebiT da sxva programebiT.
§ 5. bavSvTa trefikingis kriminalizacia
trefikingis definiciis Semcvel pirvel saerTaSoriso

iuridiul dokumentad iTvleba transnacionaluri or-
ganizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis
damatebiTi oqmi àdamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa
da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa
da dasjis Sesaxeb~. swored masSia mocemuli saerTaSor-
iso samarTlis yvelaze xSirad citirebadi ganmarteba
trefikingisa. amave dros, oqmi bavSvTa trefikingis
specialur ganmartebas ar gvTavazobs, magram me-3 mux-
lis `C~ qvepunqtSi miuTiTebs, rom bavSvis gadabire-
ba-gadacema (transportireba), gadayvana, Sefareba an
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT trefikingad unda CaiT-
valos maSinac ki, rodesac gamoyenebuli ar yofila am
451
muxlis à~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli zemoqmedebis
romelime saSualeba (muqara, iZuleba da sxv.). trefik-
ingis identur ganmartebas gvTavazobs evropis sabWos
2005 wlis 16 maisis konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb. maSasadame, rogorc pal-
ermos oqmi, aseve evrosabWos konvencia xazs usvams,
rom bavSvebis trefikingis dros mniSvneloba ara aqvs,
hqonda Tu ara adgili motyuebas, Zaladobas, muqaras an
zemoqmedebis nebismieri sxva saSualebis gamoyenebas.
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs bavSvis eqspluataciis miz-
ans da Tuki am miznis gansaxorcieleblad xdeba bavSvis
gadabireba, gadacema, gadayvana, Sefareba an miReba, es
qmedeba bavSvTa trefikingad unda CaiTvalos.
sazogadod, zemoaRniSnul dokumentebSi mocemuli

trefikingis definiciis mixedviT, adamianebiT vaWroba
warmoadgens sami ZiriTadi elementis kombinacias: 1.
moqmedeba _ àdamianebis gadabireba, gadacema, gadayva-
na, Sefareba an miReba~; 2. saSualebebi _ `muqara, Zalis
gamoyeneba an iZulebis sxva formebi, motaceba, TaRli-
Toba, motyueba, Zalauflebis an umweo mdgomareobis
gamoyeneba anda Tanxis Tu sxva sargeblis micemiT im
piris mosyidva Tanxmobis misaRwevad vis kontrolqve-
Sac imyofeba meore piri (anu adamianis yidva)~; 3. mizani
_ èqspluataciis mizani. eqspluatacia rogorc mini-
mum gulisxmobs sxvaTa prostituciis eqspluatacias
an sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva formas, iZulebiT
Sromas an momsaxurebas, monobas an monobis msgavs mdgo-
mareobas, monur Sromas an organoTa gadanergvas~. ada-
mianebiT vaWroba warmoadgens swored zemoaRniSnuli
sami elementis kombinacias da ara individualurad aRe-
bul romelime maTgans. magaliTad, adamianis gadabireba
(moqmedeba), motyuebis gziT (saSualeba), prostituciis
eqspluataciis mizniT (mizani) _ unda dakvalificird-
452
es adamianiT vaWrobad. maSasadame, saerTaSoriso stan-
dartebis mixedviT adamianebiT vaWrobaze rom vila-
parakoT, saWiroa sami elementis _ moqmedeba, saSuale-
ba, mizani _ Serwyma. magram erTi gamonaklisia dadgeni-
li bavSvebis mimarT, saxeldobr, bavSvebis gadabireba,
gadacema, gadayvana, Sefareba an miReba eqspluataciis
mizniT trefikingad CaiTvleba palermos oqmis me-3
muxliT da evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli zemoqmedebis romelime saSualebis gamoy-
enebis gareSec. evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxlis `B~
da `C~ qvepunqtebis SeerTebiT (SesityvebiT) vaskvniT,
rom bavSvis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadacema, Sefareba
an miReba eqspluataciis mizniT CaiTvleba adamianebiT
vaWrobad. amasTanave, mniSvneloba ara aqvs gamoyenebu-
li iyo Tu ara à~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli zemoqmedebis
saSualebebi. aseve, mniSvneloba ara aqvs eqspluatire-
buli bavSvis Tanxmobis arsebobas an ararsebobas.
amgvarad, bavSvTa trefikingisTvis sakmarisia ori el-

ementis arseboba-moqmedeba da eqspluataciis mizani. es
daskvna gamomdinareobs bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis
2000 wlis 25 maisis damatebiTi oqmis Sinaarsidanac. sax-
eldobr, bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis damatebiTi oq-
mis `bavSvebiT vaWrobis bavSvTa prostituciisa da bavS-
vTa pornografiis Sesaxeb~ meore muxlis mixedviT bavS-
vebiT vaWroba niSnavs nebismier qmedebas an garigebas,
romlis Sedegadac bavSvi gadaecema nebismieri piris an
pirTa jgufis mier sxva pirs an pirTa jgufs fuladi an
sxva saxis anazRaurebis fasad, amave oqmis me-2 muxls
me-3 muxli ufro akonkretebs, romlis mixedviTac bavS-
vebiT vaWroba niSnavs nebismieri saSualebiT bavSvis Se-
Tavazebas, gadacemas, an miRebas Semdegi miznebisTvis: a)
bavSvis seqsualuri eqspluatacia; b) bavSvis organoe-
bis gadacema anazRaurebis misaRebad, g) bavSvis gamoy-
453
eneba iZulebiT samuSaoebze; d) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb
saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis darRveviT bavS-
vis Svilad ayvanisTvis Suamavlis iZulebiTi Tanxmo-
bis ukanonod mopoveba. rogorc vxedavT, es oqmi aseve
afarToebs bavSvTa trefikingis Sinaarss.
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mier SemuSavebuli re-

komendaciebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsSi arasrulwlovniT vaWroba kriminalize-
bulia 1432-e muxliT, romlis mixedviT arasrulwlo-
vanTa trefikingi or kanonismier Semadgenlobad Sei-
Zleba davyoT, saxeldobr, erTi mxriv, dasjadia aras-
rulwlovnis yidva-gayidva an mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcieleba, xolo meore mxriv, danaSau-
lia arasrulwlovnis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva,
daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT. eqspluataciis defini-
cia mocemulia ssk-is 1431-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi, sadac is
ufro farTodaa gagebuli, vidre Sesabamis saerTaSor-
iso dokumentebSi.
adamianebiT vaWrobis procesis sami faza: msxverplis

gadabireba (rekrutireba), gadayvana (transportireba)
da eqspluatacia rogorc srulwlovanTa, ise arasrul-
wlovanTa trefikingis dros Sinaarsobrivad identu-
ria, amitom masze dawvrilebiT ar SevCerdebiT. zemoT
Cven ukve visaubreT arasrulwlovnebis gadabirebis
formebze da aRvniSneT, rom bavSvebi trefikingisT-
vis advilad gadasabirebel kategorias Seadgenen. maTi
gadabireba SesaZlebelia iseTi xerxebiTac, rogoricaa
saWmlis, TavSesafris an saTamaSos SeTavazeba. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT gaTval-
iswinebulia adamianebiT vaWrobis sferoSi axali sain-
formacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac,
454
amitom, rodesac trefikingis definiciebSi saubaria
adamianis gadabirebaze, masSi igulisxmeba adamianis
dayoliebis nebismieri saSualeba _ zepirsityvieri,
werilobiTi, internetis SesaZleblobebi da a.S. cxadia,
arasrulwlovanTa gadabirebisTvis SeiZleba gamoyen-
ebul iqnes zemoqmedebis is saSualebebic, rac srul-
wlovanTa trefikingis dros gamoiyeneba, maT ssk-is
1432-e muxli damamZimebeli garemoebebis saxiT iTval-
iswinebs.
rac Seexeba gadayvanas an transportirebas (trans-

portireba da gadayvana ssk-Si bolo dros Setanili cv-
lilebis Semdeg cal-calkea gamoyofili), aucilebeli
ar aris rom igi sazRvrebis gadalaxviT ganxorcieldes.
trefikingi SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes rogorc
saxelmwifoTa sazRvrebis gadakveTiT, ise erTi saxelm-
wifos teritoriis SigniTac. trefikingis winaaRmdeg
brZolis evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlSi aRniSnulia,
rom es konvencia gamoiyeneba adamianebiT vaWrobis yve-
la formebis mimarT, iqneba is nacionalur Tu transna-
cionalur doneze, rogorc organizebul danaSaulTan
dakavSirebuli, ise masTan kavSiris armqone.
trefikingis procesis bolo faza aris msxverplis eqs-

pluatacia. rogorc ki msxverpli daniSnulebis adgi-
las moxvdeba, is aRmoaCens, rom monur pirobebSi unda
icxovros da imuSaos. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aras-
rulwlovnebs, ZiriTadad, seqsindustriaSi, Sinamosam-
saxureebad, soflis meurneobaSi mudmivi Tu sezonuri
samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad iyeneben da a.S.
palermos oqmisa da evrosabWos konvenciis mixedviT

eqspluatacia, rogorc minimum, gulisxmobs sxvaTa
prostituciis eqspluatacias an sqesobrivi eqsplua-
455
taciis sxva formas, iZulebiT Sromas an momsaxurebas,
monobas an monobis msgavs mdgomareobas, monur Sromas
an organoTa gadanergvas. es niSnavs, rom nacionalur
kanonmdebels SeuZlia gaiTvaliswinos eqspluataciis
sxva formebic, magram man, rogorc minimum, unda gaiT-
valiswinos miTiTebuli formebi adamianiT vaWrobis
konstituciuri elementebis saxiT. magaliTad, ssk-is
1431-e muxli garda konvenciaSi aRniSnulisa, adamianis
eqspluataciis formad iTvaliswinebs mis gamoyenebas
danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi.
trefikingis definiciis Sesabamisad, eqspluataciis

arseboba ar aris savaldebulo piroba imisa, rom adg-
ili hqondes adamianebiT vaWrobas. sakmarisia rom ada-
mianis mimarT ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebi miznad
isaxavdes mis Semdgom eqspluatacias. maSasadame, adami-
anebiT vaWroba win uswrebs msxverplis eqspluatacias.
saerTaSoriso masStabiT bavSvTa eqspluataciis

formebze zemoT gvqonda saubari, magram zogierT de-
tals davazustebT. bavSvTa eqspluataciis yvelaze
gavrcelebul formas warmoadgens prostitucia da
sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva saxeebi. amave dros, arc
palermos oqmi da arc trefikingTan brZolis evropuli
konvencia terminebs àdamianis prostituciis eqsplu-
atacia~ da `sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva formebi~
ar ganmartavs, radgan maTi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb monawile
saxelmwifoebma SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies. problema
is aris, rom prostituciasTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva
qveynebs gansxvavebuli kanonebi da politika aqvT da ar
surT maTi Secvla. jer kidev 2000 wels palermos kon-
ferenciis monawile saxelmwifoTa erTi jgufi miiC-
nevda, rom prostituciis nebismieri forma, maT Soris
srulwlovanTa nebayoflobiTi da legaluri prosti-
456
tucia, unda CaTvliliyo trefikingad. saxelmwifoTa
meore jgufi ki, kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeboda im
mosazrebas, rom srulwlovanTa nebayoflobiTi pros-
titucia trefikingis formaa da acxadebda, rom nebay-
oflobiTi prostitucia ar unda iqnes gansxvavebuli
nebayoflobiTi Sromis sxva formebisgan. aseTma wi-
naaRmdegobam ganapiroba SeuTanxmebloba definiciebis
Taobaze. trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis evropuli
konvenciis monawileebma aseve Riad datoves es sakiTxi.
konvencia maTze saubrobs mxolod adamianebiT vaWro-
bis konteqstSi. igi ar Seicavs `sxva pirTa prostituci-
is eqspluataciis~ da `seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebis~ cnebaTa ganmartebas. amgvarad, is konven-
cia gavlenas ar axdens imaze, Tu rogor ganmartaven
saxelmwifoebi prostituciis sakiTxs TavianT Sida sa-
marTalSi.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad

unda amovideT bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis damate-
biTi oqmidan `bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prosti-
tuciisa da bavSvTa pornografiis Sesaxeb~, romelic
bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prostituciis da bavSvTa
pornografiis definiciebs gvTavazobs. garda amisa,
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis wi-
naaRmdeg organizebul msoflios samive kongresze xaz-
gasmiT iTqva, rom bavSvTa prostitucia, pornografia,
seqsturizmi, kulturis mavne tradiciebi aris iZuleba
da Zaladoba bavSvebze, romelic uTanabrdeba iZulebiT
Sromas da Tanamedrove monobas. aRiarebuli saerTa-
Soriso standartebis mixedviT, komerciul seqsualur
eqspluataciaze bavSvis `Tanxmobis~ sakiTxi saerTod
mniSvnelobas moklebulia. savaldebulo araa bavSvi
iZulebiT, muqariT an motyuebiT Caaba prostituciasa
Tu pornografiaSi, maTi gamoyeneba amgvar saqmianobaSi
457
sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom bavSvebi eqspluataciis msx-
verplad CaiTvalon. bavSvebs naklebi zegavlenis ber-
ketebi aqvT sakuTar cxovrebaze, amitom maTi eqsplu-
atacia yovelTvis ufro iolia, vidre didebis. aqedan
gamomdinare, Zneli warmosadgenia nebayoflobiToba
bavSvTa prostituciasa, pornografiasa Tu seqsualuri
eqspluataciis sxva formebSi. ufro metic, maSinac ki
roca srulwlovani adamiani Tanxmdeba seqsualur biz-
nesSi muSaobaze, vTqvaT, konkretul bordelSi da konk-
retuli pirobebiT, Tu romelime SeTanxmebuli piroba
ar Sesruldeba da mas mainc aiZuleben imuSaos, es imas
niSnavs, rom igi motyuebisa da Zaladobis msxverplia.
motyueba TavisTavad gamoricxavs Tanxmobas. da mainc,
garda saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arsebuli azrTa sx-
vadasxvaobisa, qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikisTvis am
problemis gadaWra arcTu ioli unda iyos. saxeldobr,
ssk-is 171-e muxlis me-3 nawili pasuxismgeblobas ad-
gens arasrulwlovnis CabmisTvis prostituciaSi Zala-
dobis, Zaladobis muqaris an motyuebis gareSe, xolo
253-e muxlis me-2 nawili, winaswari SecnobiT arasrul-
wlovnis prostituciaSi CabmisTvis ZaladobiT, Zala-
dobis an qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT, SantaJiT an
motyuebiT. maSin roca saerTaSoriso standartebi (da
praqtika) aRniSnul saqmianobaSi arasrulwlovnis Cab-
misaTvis mniSvnelobas ar aniWebs arc mis mimarT gamoy-
enebul saSualebebs da arc `Tanxmobis~ sakiTxs da amg-
var qmedebas, calsaxad, eqspluataciad afasebs anu
trefikingis saxed.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo praqtikisTvis rTu-

li iqneba ssk-is 171-e da 253-e muxlebiT zemoT aR-
werili Semadgenlobebis gamijvna arasrulwlovanTa
trefikingisgan (1432-e muxli). igive unda iTqvas ssk-is
2551-e muxliT aRwerili danaSaulis Semadgenlobis _
458
arasrulwlovanis Cabma pornografiuli nawarmoebis
an sxva sagnis ukanonod damzadebasa da gasaRebaSi, da
arasrulwlovanTa trefikingis mimarTebaze. jer erTi,
arasrulwlovnis pornografiaSi Cabmis kanonieri gza
ar arsebobs da mis saTaurSi sityva ùkanono~ zedme-
tia, meorec, Tuki, magaliTad, pornomasalis damzade-
baSi 5-6 wlis gogonas Caabamen, es qmedeba trefikingad
SevafasoT Tu 2551-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul dana-
Saulad?! saerTaSoriso standartebidan Tu amovalT
msgavsi qmedeba bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis
formaa, rac trefikingis niSania.100 am kiTxvaze qarTul
kanonmdeblobaSi calsaxa pasuxi ar aris da dazustebas
saWiroebs. Cveni SexedulebiT, bavSvTa dacvis uzenaesi
interesebidan gamomdinare msgavsi praqtika trefik-
ingad unda Sefasdes. aseTia bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis
saerTaSoriso standartebi. aqedan gamomdinare, ssk-is
171-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, 253-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT da
2551-e muxliT aRwerili danaSaulis SemadgenlobaTa
arseboba azrs moklebulia. SesaZlebelia am sakiTx-
isadmi diferencirebuli midgomac, kerZod, 14 wlamde
arasrulwlovanis Cabma prostituciasa Tu pornogra-
fiaSi yvela SemTxvevaSi trefikingad Sefasdes, xolo
14-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovnis analogiur seqsua-
lur praqtikaSi CarTva maTive TanxmobiT, prostitu-
ciaSi an pornografiaSi Cabmad (muxli 171-e an 2551-e).
palermos oqmi da evropuli konvencia arc ìZule-

biT Sromas~ ganmartavs, Tumca araerTi saerTaSor-
100 es problema dgas saqarTvelos ssk-is 254-e muxlTan

mimarTebaSic, romelic suteniorebisTvis adgens pasuxismge-
blobas, magram ar Cans damokidebuleba arasrulwlovanTa
prostituciisdmi. trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanons ufro viwrod esmis seqsualuri eqsplua-
tacia (ix. muxli me-3), rac SesabamisobaSi ar aris saerTaSor-
iso konvenciebTan.
459
iso instrumenti arsebobs misi Sinaarsis asaxsnelad.
bavSvebTan mimarTebiT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-
nia Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis 1999 wlis 17
ivnisis konvencia bavSvTa Sromis ukiduresi formebis
Sesaxeb, romlis CamonaTvali zemoT ukve vaxseneT. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT
ìZulebiT Sromaze~ Tanxmobis namdviloba Sefasebuli
unda iqnes saqmis yvela garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
`Tanxmobis~ sakiTxi martivi ar aris. rTulia gansaz-
Rvro sad mTavrdeba Tavisufali arCevani da sad iwyeba
iZuleba. adamianebiT vaWrobis sferoSi zogierT msx-
verpls mciredi warmodgenac ara aqvs, ra elodeba. meo-
reni, piriqiT informirebulni arian, rom, magaliTad,
prostituciaSi Caabamen, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom
isini yovelgvar Zalmomreobas daTanxmdebian. maSasa-
dame, is faqti, rom adamiani daTanxmda prostituciaSi
Cabmas, ar niSnavs rom igi yovelgvar Zaladobas Seegue-
ba. amgvarad, Tu piri daTanxmdeba imuSaos Zalian cud
pirobebSi da cudi anazRaurebiT, is mainc trefikingis
msxverplad CaiTvleba, Tuki mas savalo kabalis, iZule-
biTi Sromis, an monur pirobebSi amyofeben. Tu mtkice-
bulebebi miuTiTebs, rom adgili hqonda raime formiT
piris Tavisufali nebis gamovlenis SezRudvas, is tre-
fikingis msxverplad iTvleba da misi Tanxmobis gama-
marTlebel argumentad gamoyeneba dauSvebelia.
evrosabWos konvenciis me-4 muxlis mixedviT, Tu

gamokveTilia trefikingis danaSaulis niSnebi, msxver-
plis Tanxmobas mis winaswar ganzraxul eqspluataci-
aze mniSvneloba ar eniWeba. miT ufro, met yuradRebas
moiTxovs es sakiTxi arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi,
erTi mxriv, ramdenad iyo `Tanxmoba~ bavSvis Tavisufa-
li nebis gamovlineba da ramdenad acnobierebda saku-
Tari qmedebis mniSvnelobas, da meore mxriv, ramdenad
SesabamisobaSia igi bavSvis uzenaesi interesebis dacv-
460
asTan. qarTuli, savalalo socialuri sinamdvilidan
gamomdinare, bavSvTa Sromis yvela formis trefikingad
CaTvla safuZvels moklebulia. zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
rom ojaxebis mier bavSvebis CarTva Semosavlis momtan
saqmianobaSi SimSilisgan Tavis dasaRwevad ar SeiZleba
trefikingad Sefasdes, magram qarTul sinamdvileSi
bavSvTa trefikingis araerTi faqtia gamovlenili, ro-
melic reagirebis gareSea datovebuli.
iZulebiTi Sroma gulisxmobs nebismier samuSaos an mom-
saxurebas, romelic miiReba piris fizikuri an fsiqi-
kuri iZulebiT, mis mimarT muqaris, SantaJis an misi
umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT. amgvarad, termini
iZulebiTi Sroma Tavis TavSi moiazrebs ìZulebiT mom-
saxurebasac~. Tumca `momsaxureba~ 1431-e muxlis SeniS-
vnaSi gancalkevebiTaa moxseniebuli.
palermos oqmma da evrokonvenciam arc monobis msgavsi

mdgomareoba ganmarta, Tumca bavSvTa Sromis zogierTi
ukiduresi forma moculia sxva saerTaSoriso aqtebiT,
kerZod, iZulebiTi Sromis Sesaxeb 1930 wlis konvenciiT
da monobis, monaTvaWrobisa da monobis msgavsi insti-
tutebisa da Cveulebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb gaeros 1956
wlis 7 seqtembris damatebiTi konvenciiT. am ukanaskne-
li dokumentis mixedviT, monoba aris statusi an mdgo-
mareoba adamianisa, romlis mimarTac iyeneben nebismi-
er moqmedebas, rogorc sakuTrebis uflebis obieqtis
mimarT. saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, monobis
gansakuTrebul formad iTvleba `sxvaze damokidebuli
mdgomareoba~. aq saubaria msxverplis valdebulebaze,
icxovros da imuSaos mesakuTris meurneobaSi, gauwios
mas gansazRvruli momsaxureba, rogorc anazRaurebiT,
ise mis gareSe, magram sakuTari mdgomareobis Secvlis
SesaZleblobis gareSe. igi gulisxmobs `Tavisuflebis
uaryofis gansakuTrebiT mZime formas~, Tumca mas ara
461
aqvs sakuTrebis uflebis atributebi, rac axasiaTebs
monobas. cnobilia, rom Sinamosamsaxureoba bavSvTa
trefikingis erT-erTi SeniRbuli da gavrcelebuli
formaa, rac zogjer monobis msgavs an sxvaze damokide-
bul mdgomareobas iZens. amgvari mdgomareoba gansa-
kuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea bavSvebisTvis, romelTa mow-
yveta ojaxuri garemosgan sakmarisia, rom isini sxvaze
damokidebulad iqcnen. am mdgomareobaSi moxvedrili
bavSvebi praqtikulad nebismieri formis eqspluata-
ciis msxverplni SeiZleba gaxdnen. es bavSvebi gansa-
kuTrebiT daucvelni arian eqspluataciisgan, radgan
xSirad Zalian Sors arian ojaxisa da Temisgan.
eqspluatacia aseve moicavs adamianis iZulebas sxeulis

organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda
sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT. evropis sabWo Tavis erT-
erT iuridiul miRwevad Tvlis im principis aRiarebas,
romlis Tanaxmadac adamianis sxeuli da misi calkeuli
elementebi ar SeiZleba mogebis miRebis wyarod iqces.
es principi ganmtkicebul iqna adamianis uflebebisa da
biomedicinis Sesaxeb 1996 wlis konvenciis 21-e muxlSi
da mis, 2002 wlis damatebiT oqmSi adamianis organoebis
da qsovilebis gadanergvis Sesaxeb, romlis 22-e muxli
krZalavs adamianis organoebiTa da qsovilebiT ukanono
vaWrobas. am principma aseve asaxva hpova saqarTvelos
kanonebSi janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb da adamianis
organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
ssk-Si 134-e muxlis (adamianis organos an qsovilis aRe-
bis iZuleba) Semotanis Semdeg, sasamarTlo praqtiki-
saTvis SesaZlebelia garkveuli problema Seqmnas misma
gamijvnam arasrulwlovanTa trefikingisgan. kerZod,
konkretul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovnis iZuleba tre-
fikingad SevafasoT Tu misi sicocxlisa da janmrTelo-
bisTvis safrTxis Semqmnel deliqtad _ saqmis faqto-
462
brivi garemoebebis yovelmxrivi analizis safuZvelze
unda gadawydes.
amgvarad, adamianebiT (maT Soris arasrulwlovnebiT)

vaWrobas rTuli Semadgenloba aqvs, romelic mTlianoba-
Si warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls da ara
calke aRebuli Semadgenlobis romelime elementi.
amave dros, danaSauli adre stadiaze mTavrdeba, imisT-
vis rom trefikingi damTavrebul danaSaulad CaiTva-
los, savaldebulo ar aris piri eqspluataciaSi moeqc-
es; sakmarisia isic, rom adamianis mimarT trefikingis
definiciiT gansazRvruli erT-erTi moqmedeba ganxor-
cieldes eqspluataciis mizniT. maSasadame, trefikingi
aRmocendeba individis faqtobriv eqspluataciamde.
Tu trefikingis msxverpli 18 wels miuRwevelia, dana-
SaulisTvis savaldebulo ar aris zemoqmedebis raime
saSualebis gamoyeneba. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba rom
damtkicdes, samarTaldamcavma organoebma sakmarisia
daadginon iseTi moqmedebebis arseboba, rogoricaa
bavSvis gadabireba an transportireba eqspluataciis
mizniT.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisTvis aucile-

belia, rom trefikingis danaSauli winaswari ganzraxviT
iyos Cadenili. `ganzraxvis~ cnebis ganmartebas saerTa-
Soriso konvenciebi nacionalur samarTals utoveben.
amave dros, trefikingis saerTaSoriso definiciebi iT-
valiswineben ganzraxvis specialur elements _ saxel-
dobr, masSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela qmedeba xorciel-
deba msxverplis eqspluataciis mizniT. amgvarad, ada-
mianebiT vaWroba, saerTaSoriso konvenciebis mixedviT,
arsebobs mxolod mocemuli saxis specialuri ganzrax-
vis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
463
eqsis mixedviT arasrulwlovanTa trefikingi mxolod
pirdapir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs. amasTanave, aras-
rulwlovnis yidva-gayidvis an mis mimarT sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebis dros qmedebis mizans kvali-
fikaciisTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, xolo Tu adgili
aqvs arasrulwlovnis gadabirebas gadayvanas, gadamal-
vas, daqiravebas, transportirebas, gadacemas, Sefare-
bas anda miRebas, savaldebuloa eqspluataciis mizani.
ssk-is 1432-e muxli arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis damamZ-
imebel garemoebebad iTvaliswinebs: igive qmedebis
Cadenas samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT,
damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomareoba-
Si myofis an damnaSaveze materialurad an sxvagvarad
damokidebulis mimarT (nawili me-2); arasrulwlovniT
vaWroba: araerTgzis, iZulebiT, SantaJiT, an motyue-
biT; ori an meti arasrulwlovnis mimarT; dazaralebu-
lis sazRvargareT gayvaniT, sicocxlisaTvis an janm-
rTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zaladobis muqariT, anda aseTi
Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT (nawili me-3); aras-
rulwlovniT vaWroba Cadenili organizebuli jgufis
mier, anda ramac gamoiwvia arasrulwlovnis sicocxlis
mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi (nawili me-4).
es damamZimebeli garemoebebi Sinaarsobrivad ar gan-

sxvavdeba srulwlovanTa trefikingis analogiuri
makvalificirebeli garemoebebisgan. amitom maTze ar
SevCerdebiT. Tumca yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT im
garemoebaze, rom trefikingTan brZolis Sesaxeb evro-
puli konvencia winadadebas aZlevs monawile saxelm-
wifoebs trefikingis definiciaSi mocemuli zogierTi
garemoeba, damamZimebeli saxiT gaiTvaliswinon sasje-
lis gansazRvris dros. erT-erT aseT damamZimebel ga-
464
remoebad rekomendebulia SemTxveva, roca adamianiT
vaWrobis dros, msxverplis sicocxles safrTxe Seeqm-
na ganzrax an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT. es garemoeba
analogiurad aris formulirebuli evropis sabWos
2002 wlis 19 ivlisis CarCo gadawyvetilebaSi adami-
anebiT vaWrobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb. aseTi garemoebis
arsebobaze, magaliTad, SeiZleba visaubroT maSin, roca
pirobebi, romelSic trefikingis msxverpli gadahyavT
imdenad cudia, rom misi sicocxle safrTxeSi dgeba.
zustad identuri damamZimebeli garemoeba ssk-Si ar
gvaqvs, Tumca mas miesadageba 1432-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
è~ qvepunqti _ sicocxlisTvis an janmrTelobisTvis
saSiSi ZaladobiT.
evropuli konvenciiT damamZimebel garemoebad, aseve,

rekomendebulia vaWroba arasrulwlovnis mimarT. Tum-
ca, qarTvelma kanonmdebelma arasrulwlovniT vaWroba
calke Semadgenlobad gaiTvaliswina.
ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvebiT vaWroba ganvasxvaoT
srulwlovnebiT vaWrobisgan? am kiTxvaze specialur
literatuarSi aseT argumentebs vxvdebiT: a) bavSvebis
daucvelobis gamo manipulaciebisa da eqspluataciis
winaSe; b) specifikuri socialuri, fsiqologiuri Tu
fizikuri tramvis gamo, romelic bavSvs miadga adreu-
li ganviTarebis periodSi da romelsac ufro serio-
zuli Sedegebi SeiZleba hqondes bavSvis momavali gan-
viTarebisa da reabilitaciisaTvis; g) saxelmwifoTa
iuridiuli valdebulebebis gamo uzrunvelyon bavSvTa
uflebebis dacva, ise rogorc es bavSvis uflebebis kon-
venciaSia Cawerili. Tumca, gaurkvevelia, ratom ar Sei-
Zleba am miznebis ganxorcieleba, Tuki trefikingisT-
vis pasuxismgebloba integrirebuli iqneba erT Semad-
465
genlobaSi. es SesaZlebelia erTi muxlis farglebSic
pasuxismgeblobis da Sesabamisad, sasjelebis diferen-
cirebiT srulwlovniT da arasrulwlovniT vaWrobi-
saTvis.101
evrosabWos konvenciiT trefikingis damamZimebel gare-

moebebad, aseve rekomendebulia misi Cadena sajaro mox-
elis mier samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas da
danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mier. es rekomendaciebi
asaxulia ssk-is 1432-e muxlSi.
arasrulwlovanTa trefikingi da momijnave samar-

TaldarRvevebi
trefikingisgan unda ganvasxvavoT seqsualuri Zalado-

ba bavSvebze. zogadad, bavSvebze seqsualuri Zalado-
bis arsenalSi moiazreba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi kanonismieri Semadgenlobebi,
rogoricaa: arasrulwlovnis gaupatiureba _ 137-e
muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawili; seqsualuri xasiaTis Zal-
momreobiTi moqmedeba damnaSavisTvis winaswari Sec-
nobiT arasrulwlovnis mimarT _ 138-e muxlis me-3 da
me-5 nawili; sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis
sxvagvari moqmedebis iZuleba arasrulwlovnis mimarT
_ 139-e muxlis me-2 nawili; ssk-is 141-e muxliT krimi-
nalizebulia garyvnili qmedeba 16 wels miuRwevelTan,
magram aq saubaria Zaladobis gareSe qmedebaze da Tuki
ZaladobiT xorcieldeba igive qmedeba, maSin isev 138-e
muxli unda movimarjvoT.
101
ix. marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, 2006, N 2, gv. 54-61.
466
bavSvze seqsualuri Zaladoba, es aris kontaqti an urT-
ierToba bavSvsa da srulwlovans an ufro gaTvicno-
bierebul mozards Soris, ra drosac bavSvi gamoiyeneba
rogorc moZaladis seqsualuri moTxovnilebis dakmay-
ofilebis sagani (ix. Ecpat international). aseTi moqmedeba
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes muqariT, ZaladobiT, mosyid-
viT, motyuebiT, zewoliT. seqsualuri xasiaTis Zalmom-
reobiTi moqmedeba yovelTvis ar Seicavs sxeulebriv
kontaqts moZaladesa da bavSvs Soris. aseTi Zalmom-
reobiTi xasiaTis moqmedeba SeiZleba Seicavdes eqsgi-
bicionizms an vuaerizms. magaliTad, srulwlovani ada-
miani uTvalTvalebs bavSvs Tu rogor ixdis tansacmels
anda inicirebas ukeTebs (aiZulebs, aRagznebs) bavSvebs
daamyaron erTmaneTTan seqsualuri kontaqti, TviTon
ki uyurebs an videofirze iwers maT moqmedebas, riTac
siamovnebas iRebs. SedarebiT axali fenomenia kiberar-
Siyi da kiberdevna (Gruming). rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT,
dResdReobiT arc erT iurisdiqciaSi, qselSi devna
ukanono qmedebad ar aris aRiarebuli.
Cveulebrivi seqsualuri Zaladobisgan gansxvavebiT,

komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia bavSvs aqcevs
ara mxolod seqsis obieqtad, aramed agreTve vaWrobis
sagnadac.
trefikingsa Tu bavშvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva

formebs (prostitucia, pornografia da sxv.) komerci-
uli garigebis forma aqvs, romelsac mogeba moaqvs erTi
an ramdenime pirisTvis. Tumca msxverplisTvis naturiT
anaზRaurebad garigebebsac aq moiazreben. saqme imaSia,
rom xSirad aseT SeTanxmebas ganixilaven rogorc bavS-
vis `TanxmobiT~ ganxorcielebuls. bavSvebis seqsua-
467
luri eqspluatacia SeiZleba moxdes Ramis gasaTevis
micemis, მაTi dacvis, skolaSi kargi Sefasebebis miReb-
is da misT. sanacvlod. cxadia, bavSvi amgvar garigebaze
Tanxmobas ar iZleva da igi im adamianis (an adamianebis)
msxverplia, vinc borotad iyenebs Tavis mdgomareobasa
da Zalauflebas.
amrigad, saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, gansxvaveba,

erTi mxriv, bavSvebze seqsualur Zaladobasa, da meore
mxriv, trefikingsa Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva
formebs Soris ama Tu im formiT anazRaurebis faqtor-
Sia, rac komerciuli garigebis formas iRebs.
calke msjelobis sagania bavSvTa ukanono gaSvileba.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba krZalavs pirdapiri wesiT
gaSvilebas. meurve bavSvisa, romelic dabadebamde ukve
arasasurvelia mSoblisTvis saxelmwifoa, vidre ar
SeirCeva mSvilebeli ojaxi. amave dros, Svilad ayvanis
garTulebuli procedura xels uwyobs ukanono garige-
bebs arasrulwlovnebze. saxeldobr, Svilad ayvanis
procedura, romelic saqarTveloSi arsebobs, did
sirTuleebs uqmnis dainteresebul ojaxebs, maT wlo-
biT uwevT rigSi dgoma, rac Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs ko-
rufcias da ukanono garigebebs bavSvebze. zogjer daus-
abuTebel uars eubnebian ojaxebs, maSin roca CvenTan
quCis bavSvebis zrdis tendencia SeiniSneba. arc imiT
interesdeba vinme, ra bedi ewiaT Svilad ayvanil bavS-
vebs, aravin akontrolebs maT mdgomareobas. saWiroa
naSvilebi bavSvis Semdgomi yofis monitoringi, yve-
las smenia maT Tavs gadaxdenili samwuxaro istoriebi.
kanonmdeblobis da socialuri kontrolis xarvezebiT
kargad sargebloben adamianiT movaWreebi. amis naTeli
468
magaliTi iyo saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikaSi o.
gorelikis saqme. man saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi bavS-
vebis gaSvileba Semosavlis miRebis wyarod aqcia. man
2000-2001 w. araerTgzis gaukeTa organizacia arasrul-
wlovnebiT vaWrobas (yidva-gayidvas) da sxva ukanono
garigebis ganxorcielebas sazRvargareT ukanonod gaS-
vilebis mizniT. igi msjavrdebul iqna Tbilisis krwani-
si-mTawmindis raionuli sasamarTlos mier 2001 wlis
11 dekembers ssk-is 172-e muxliT (aqve unda aRiniSnos
quTaisis, wyaltubosa da xonis samSobiaro saxlebidan
bavSvTa vaWrobis faqtebi).
qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi

aseve problemuria arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis (tre-
fikingi) da Svilad ayvanis mizniT arasrulwlovanze
ukanono garigebis gamijvna.
amgvari winaaRmdegobis qrestomaTiuli magaliTia
sisxlis samarTlis saqme buwaSvilis mimarT, romelmac
Svilad ayvanis mizniT gayida bavSvi da provokaciis msx-
verpli deda trefikingisTvis gaasamarTles. es saqme
naTeli dasturia imisa, rom ukanono gaSvileba tre-
fikingTan pirdapir kavSirSi aRiqmeba da mis gamomwvev
mizezad iTvleba. Tumca msgavsi damokidebuleba bolo
periodSi Seicvala.
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis Sesaxeb Jenevis 2008 wlis

konvenciis mixedviT, Tu bavSvi gaiyida Svilad ayva-
nis mizniT sisxlis samarTlis devnaze uari unda iTq-
vas bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare. marTlac, Tuki
bavSvi xelsayrel garemoSi moxvda Znelia xeli aRmarTo
vinmes dasasjelad. saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis mimarT,
ufro zustad arasrulwlovnisadmi amgvari damokide-
buleba swored am konvenciidan ikveTeba. manamde haa-
469
gis 1993 wlis konvencia bavSvTa dacvisa da saerTa-
Soriso gaSvilebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb,
aseve 1996 wlis 19 oqtombris konvencia bavSvTa dacvis
RonisZiebis Sesaxeb ZiriTad aqcents akeTebdnen mimRe-
bi ojaxis movaleobebze, mSobelTa pasuxismgeblobaze
da CrdilSi rCeboda Tavad arasrulwlovani. magram
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis Sesaxeb bolo konvenciam
swored arasrulwlovanze gaakeTa aqcenti. amrigad,
bavSvis uzenaesi interesebidan gamomdinare, Tu Svilad
ayvanis mizniT moxda misi yidva, es ar SeiZleba sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis safuZveli gaxdes.102
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ssk-is 172-e muxlSi, sa-
mecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli kritikuli SeniS-
vnebis Semdeg Sevida Sesabamisi Sesworebebi.
102
aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvTa interesebis dacvas maTi transna-
cionaluri gadaadgilebisa da saerTaSoriso gaSvilebisas
mieZRvna haagis sami konvencia: 1980 wlis konvencia bavS-
vebis saerTaSoriso motacebis samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi
aspeqtebis Sesaxeb; 1993 wlis konvencia bavSvTa dacvisa da
saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb;
igi miznad isaxavs saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis procesis regu-
lacias da Svilad ayvanili bavSvebis interesebis dacvas da
1996 wlis konvencia mSoblebis pasuxismgeblobisa da bavS-
vTa dacvisTvis gaTvaliswinebul zomebTan dakavSirebuli
iurisdiqciis, Sesabamisi kanonis, aRiarebis, iZulebiTi aR-
srulebisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. es ukanaskneli kon-
vencia bavSvTa dacvis samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi zomebis
farTo wres moicavs. konvenciiT Camoyalibda bavSvTa dac-
vis integrirebuli sistema, romelic moicavs samarTlis
sxvadasxva sistemebis rogorc sajaro-samarTlebriv, ise
kerZo-samarTlebriv RonisZiebebs bavSvTa meurveobisa da
dacvis uzrunvelsayofad. es konvencia ar cdilobs Seqmnas
erTiani saerTaSoriso samarTali bavSvTa dacvis Sesaxeb; misi
mizania Seqmnas bavSvTa dacvis sakiTxebze efeqturi saerTa-
Soriso TanamSromlobis sistema sxvadasxva kulturuli da
religiuri warmomavlobis samarTlebriv sistemebs Soris.
470
§ 6. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis
momsaxurebiT sargebloba
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi novacias war-

moadgens 1433-e muxli _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-
ingis) msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba. trefik-
ingTan brZolis Sesaxeb evrokonvenciis me-19 muxliT
monawile saxelmwifoebs rekomendacia miecaT nacio-
naluri samarTlis principebis Sesabamisad, moaxdinon
msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis kriminalizacia,
swored amis gamoZaxilia ssk-is 1433-e muxli.
trefikingis ganviTarebas da gafarToebas xels uwyobs

adamianTa uzarmazari raodenobis Seupovari Tu saso-
warkveTili mcdeloba gadaWran siRaribis problema,
ojaxuri siZneleebi, eZion ukeTesi cxovrebis piro-
bebi maSin, roca sxva adgilas moTxovnileba arsebobs
maT Sromasa da momsaxurebaze. sanam aseTi moTxovna
iqneba, miwodebac iarsebebs. damnaSaveoba, magaliTad,
bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluatacia, arse-
bobs imitom, rom masze arsebobs moTxovnileba. swored
amitomac aris mizanSewonili daisajos msxverplis
momsaxurebiT sargebloba. amasTanave, prostituciaSi
an sxvagvar seqsualur qmedebebSi Cabmuli bavSvebis
mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi an administraciuli ze-
moqmedebis zomebis gamoyenebis safuZveli ar arsebobs.
isini zrunvasa da dacvas saWiroeben. damnaSaveebi kli-
entebi, suteniorebi da eqspluatatorebi arian, isini
unda idevnebodnen sasamarTlo wesiT da ara bavSvebi.
damnaSaveoba sul ufro da ufro avlens Tavisi saqmi-

anobis diversifikaciis tendencias, igi eswrafvis
471
eqspluataciisTvis adamianTa miwodebas yvela seqtor-
Si, sadac moTxovnileba arsebobs.
trefikingTan brZolis Sesaxeb ekrokonvenciis me-6

muxli eTmoba adamianebiT vaWrobis moTxovnasTan brZo-
lis zomebs, romelSic vkiTxulobT: adamianebis, gansa-
kuTrebiT qalebis da bavSvebis eqspluataciis warmom-
Sob moTxovnilebasTan winaaRmdegobis mizniT, radgan
mas mivyavarT adamianebiT vaWrobasTan. monawile mxa-
reebi iReben an srulyofen sakanonmdeblo, adminis-
traciul, saganmanaTleblo, socialur, kulturul
da sxva zomebs. es muxli mxareebs akisrebs pozitiur
valdebulebas miiRon an ganaviTaron zomebi, romelic
mimarTuli iqneba rogorc seqsualuri eqspluataciis,
ise iZulebiTi Sromis an momsaxurebis gawevis, monobis
an misi msgavsi praqtikis, sxvaze damokidebuli mdgo-
mareobis an organoTa amoRebis moTxovnilebasTan sa-
brZolvelad. am sakiTxisTvis calke muxlis miZRvniT
konvenciis Semdgenlebma aucileblad CaTvales xazi
gaesvaT adamianiT vaWrobis moTxovnilebasTan brZo-
lis mniSvnelobisTvis Tavad trefikingis devnisa da
prevenciis mizniT. me-6 muxli Seicavs saSualebebis
(zomebis) minimalur CamonaTvals trefikingis mov-
lenasTan efeqturad sabrZolvelad. saxeldobr, mis
ZiriTad elements warmoadgens mowinave gamocdilebis,
meTodebisa da strategiis Seswavla, romlis mizania
klientebis mxridan moTxovnilebis Semcireba. masobri-
vi informaciis saSualebebis da samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bis rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebisken mimarTu-
li zomebi. media da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gvevline-
ba umniSvnelovanes faqtorad, romelmac unda aRiqvas
moTxovnileba rogorc erT-erTi pirvelmizezTagani,
472
rac warmoSobs adamianebiT vaWrobas. mniSvnelovania,
aseve sainformacio koampaniebis Catareba konkretuli
jgufebis mimarT, Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi masSi sajaro
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis da im pirTa CarT-
viT, vinc politikuri gadawyvetilebebis SemuSaveba-
sa da miRebaSi monawileobs. adamianis eqspluataciis
moTxovnilebasTan brZolaSi mniSvnelovani roli ekis-
reba aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebebs, razec yu-
radReba gaamaxvila bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri
eqspluataciis winaaRmdeg 2008 wels braziliaSi gamar-
Tulma msoflio kongresma.
evrokonvenciis me-19 muxlis mixedviT, monawile mxa-

reebi movaleni arian ganixilon sakiTxi winaswari Sec-
nobiT trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sarge-
blobis sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad aRiarebis Ses-
axeb. konvenciis avtorebs ramdenime garemoebam ubiZga
CaerToT es norma xelSekrulebis teqstSi. maT Soris
ZiriTadi iyo survili ar waexalisebinaT adamianiT
vaWrobis ganviTareba. es norma mimarTulia konvenci-
iT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri saxis eqspluataciis
msxverplis klientze. am normis mixedviT, danaSaulad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos, magaliTad, biznesis mesakuTris
mier, misTvis adamianiT movaWreebis mier miwodebuli
muSaxelis Segnebulad gamoyeneba. am SemTxvevaSi bizne-
sis mesakuTris moqmedeba trefikingad ver Sefasdeba,
radgan igi Tavad ar axdenda msxverplTa gadabirebas da
damoukideblad ar gamouyenebia trefikingis defini-
ciiT gaTvaliswinebuli raime saSualeba, magram dam-
naSave iqneba msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobaSi.
aseve, meZavis klienti, romelic saqmis kursSi iyo rom
qali gayiduli iyo, analogiurad pasuxs agebs msxverp-
lis momsaxurebiT sargeblobisTvis.
473
mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom me-19 muxlis mixedviT
unda idevnebodes sargebloba iseTi momsaxurebiT, rac
eqspluataciis sagania trefikingis definiciis mixed-
viT. igi mimarTulia im pirTa dasjisken, vinc eqspluat-
irebuli momsaxurebis SesyidviT monawileobs msxverp-
lis eqspluataciaSi. es norma ar exeba meZavis, rogorc
aseTis momsaxurebiT sargeblobas. aseTi momsaxure-
biT sargebloba konvenciis me-10 muxlSi moeqceva, Tu
konkretuli meZavis eqspluatacia xdeba adamianebiT
vaWrobasTan dakavSirebiT, e.i. roca arsebobs tre-
fikingis danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebi. evrokon-
vencia prostituciis eqspluataciasa da seqsualuri
eqspluataciis sxva formebs exeba mxolod adamianebiT
vaWrobis konteqstSi.
evrokonvenciis me-19 muxlis mixedviT imisTvis, rom

pirma vaWrobis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblo-
bisTvis agos pasuxi, am moqmedebis ganxorcielebisas
ùnda icodes rom es piri adamianiT vaWrobis msxver-
plia~, anu mosargeble unda acnobierebdes, rom moce-
muli piri adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplia da ar SeiZle-
ba daisajos, Tu es misTvis cnobili ar iyo. amis damt-
kiceba samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis arcTu ioli
amocana iqneba. analogiuri siZnele warmoiSoba, magal-
iTad, 16 wels miuRwevelTan sqesobrivi kavSiris damt-
kicebis dros (ssk-is 140-e muxli). rogor davadginoT,
rom msxverpli 16 wels miuRwevelia? garegnoba, emocia,
viTareba da sxva faqtobrivi garemoebebi gvexmareba
amis garkvevaSi. amave kriteriumebiT SeiZleba vamtki-
coT, rom damnaSavem gaacnobiera msxverplis statusi,
roca misi momsaxurebiT sargeblobda. dasavleT ev-
ropaSi Catarebulma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom meZavebis
474
klientebis 22%-ze meti msxverplis identifikacias
axdens. cnobilia maTi mxridan msxverplTa daxmarebis
SemTxvevebic.
amgvarad, mtkicebis procesis sirTule gadamwyveti

argumenti ver iqneba imisTvis, rom amgvari qceva da-
naSaulad ganvixiloT. ufro metic, 2008 wels brazili-
aSi bavSvTa komerciuli seqsualuri eqspluataciis
winaaRmdeg mimarTul msoflio kongresze iTqva, rom
bavSvTa prostitucia maSinac unda daisajos, Tuki
damnaSavem Secdoma dauSva msxverplis asakSi. rogorc
vxedavT sakuTari moqmedebis SesaZlo Sedegebis riski
mTlianad damnaSaves daakisres. marTlac, roca mdina-
reSi Sedixar yvela mosalodneli safrTxec unda gaT-
valo.
mtkicebis procesis sirTule zogjer gadailaxeba faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis sauZvelze damnaSavis zraxvebis
Sesaxeb daskvnebis gakeTebis gziT. codna, ganzraxva an
mizani, rogorc danaSaulis Semadgenlobis elementi
SeiZleba dadgindes realuri, obieqturi, faqtobrivi
garemoebebis safuZvelze. es midgoma rekomendebulia
sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebSic. magaliTad, transna-
cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg
gaeros konvenciis me-6 (f) muxlSi vkiTxulobT: `winas-
wari Secnoba, ganzraxva da mizani rogorc danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis elementebi, SeiZleba dadgindes saqmis
obieqturi faqtobrivi garemoebebis safuZvelze.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokonvenciis me-19 muxli

ara savaldebulo, aramed sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa.
miuxedavad amisa, zogierTma qveyanam, gaacnobiera ra
me-19 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekomendaciis Rire-
475
buleba da mniSvneloba, misi implimentacia moaxdina
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. magaliTad, Sveciam me-19
muxlis safuZvelze pasuxismgebloba SemoiRo trefik-
ingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargeblobisTvis. es
valdebuleba konvenciis sxva xelmomwerma (monawile)
qveynebmac aiRes. maT rigSi saqarTveloc aRmoCnda.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, zogadad, klientebis pa-
suxismgebloba prostituciisTvis dadgenili ar aris.
cxadia, miT ufro dasjadi araa prostitucia bavSvebis
mxridan, magram 2007 wlis 8 maiss SemoRebuli iqna pa-
suxismgebloba trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT
sargeblobisTvis: winaswari SecnobiT ssk-is 1431-e da
1432-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis msxver-
plis an dazaralebuli piris iseTi momsaxurebiT sarge-
bloba, romelic amave kodeqsis 1431-e muxlis Tanaxmad
warmoadgens eqspluatacias.
adamianTa vaWrobis msxverpli aris piri, romelsac ada-

mianTa vaWrobis (trefikingi) danaSaulis Sedegad miad-
ga moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi ziani da romelic
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT miC-
neulia adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad;
xolo dazaralebuli aris piri, romelic ssk-is 1431-e
an/da 1432-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi cno-
bilia dazaralebulad saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
1433-e muxlis obieqturi da subieqturi Semadgenlobis

niSnebi evrokonvenciis zemoaRniSnuli rekomendacieb-
is safuZvelze unda gavigoT. danaSaulis obieqturi mx-
are gamoixateba msxverplis iseTi momsaxurebiT sarge-
blobaSi, romelic 1431-e muxlis Tanaxmad warmoadgens
476
eqspluatacias. amgvarad, msxverplis momsaxurebiT
sargebloba, romelic eqspluataciad SeiZleba Sefas-
des, unda ganimartos 1431-e muxlis SeniSvnis safuZ-
velze, kerZod, adamianis gamoyeneba iZulebiTi Sromis
an momsaxurebisTvis, danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazoga-
doebriv qmedebaSi, prostituciis an seqsualuri eqs-
pluataciis sxva formis anda sxva saxis momsaxurebiT
sargebloba.
danaSauli obieqturad damTavrebulia maSin, roca piri

isargeblebs msxverplis an dazaralebulis aseTi mom-
saxurebiT. qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenloba pirda-
pir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs, romlis mtkicebis meTo-
dikaze zemoT visaubreT.
rac Seexeba pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoe-

bebs, Sinaarsobrivad ar gansxvavdeba 1431-e da 1432-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli damamZimebeli garemoebe-
bisgan, amitom maTze ar SevCerdebiT.
477
478
mesame kari
qarTuli antiqurduli normebis

da sasamarTlo
praqtikis mimoxilva
http://forum.tsu.ge/lofiversion/index.php/t17156.html
Tavi I
antiqurduli normebis kriminalizaciis

sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi
guram naWyebia
§ 1. qurduli cxovrebis wesis msoflmxedvelobrivi

safuZvlebi
organizebuli danaSaulis cnebisa da misi gamovlenis

formebis analizis dros Cven araerTgzis mogviwia
`kanonieri qurdebis~ xseneba, radgam es ukanaskneli
organizebuli danaSaulis gansakuTrebuli formaa.
amjerad ki `kanonieri qurdobis~ problemas cxovrebis
wesis msoflmxedvelobrivi gagebis mixedviT ganvixi-
lavT.
faqtia, rom e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~ problemas araerTi

seriozuli naSromi mieZRvna, magram filosofiuri ana-
lizis sagani dRemde ar yofila. problemis es mxare meT-
odologiurad xdeba aucilebeli, magram sakiTxi am mxri-
vac rTulia, ris gamoc am problematikaSi raime gansa-
kuTrebuli garRvevis pretenzia ar SeiZleba gvqondes.
1. cnobilia, rom e.w. `qurduli kanonebi~ sxva arafe-

ria, Tu ara qurduli cxovrebis wesebis erToblioba,
romelic yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi gasuli saukunis 30-
an wlebidan Camoyalibda, Tumca am wesebma socialur-
politikuri viTarebis Secvlis kvalobaze, garkveuli,
arsebiTi cvlilebac ki ganicades. aRniSnuli wesebis
ZiriTadi principebi ki ase gamoiyureba:
481
e.w. `Jiganebis~ mier SemuSavebuli wesebis ZiriTadi
principebi:
akrZalulia: 1. sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo SromaSi

monawileoba; 2. iaraRiT xelSi saxelmwifo interesebis
dacva; 3. xelisuflebis oficialur struqturebT-
an dazaralebulis an mowmis saxiT TanamSromloba. 4.
savaldebuloa saerTo salaroSi fulis Setana. arse-
bobs qurduli fici, qurduli kurTxeva, qurduli sa-
samarTlo; qurduli Rirsebis kodeqsi; qurduli Sekre-
bebi am samyarosTvis umniSvnelovanesi gadawyvetile-
bebis misaRebad da gasatareblad.
qurdebi Tavis Tavs `kanoniers~ marto am wesebis gamo

ar uwodebdnen. es wesebi maT sWirdebodaT imisTvis,
rom emarTelbinaT Tavi, TiTqos am wesebis gamo moq-
medebdnen ase da ara sxva ramis gamo.1 Tavis marTlebisa
da TviTmotyuebis Taobaze sainteresoa prof. z. kakaba-
Zis mosazrebani. kerZod, adamiani midrekilia TviTmo-
tyuebisaken, romelic garkveulwilad danaSaulebri-
vi qmedebis gamarTlebis mcdelobaSic gamoixateba.
esaa sindisis neitralizacia, mocemuli saqme TiTqos
saWiro da aucilebelia.2 Mmocemul SemTxvevaSi `kanoni-
er qurds~ qurduli cxovrebis wesis moSvelieba imitom
sWirdeba, rom gaamarTlos sakuTari qmedeba, ara marto
Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebis, an xelisuflebis warmomad-
genelTa mimarT, aramed TviT im kanonieri qurdebis mi-
marTac, romlebmac daarRvies qurduli cxovrebis we-
sis romelime norma.
1
g. lobJaniZe, g. Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi,
Tb., 2004, gv. 46.
2
z. kakabaZe, adamiani rogorc filosofiuri problema, Tb.,
1967.
482
2. g. podlekixi da a. tereSonoki aRniSnaven, rom ruseT-
Si damnaSavisadmi erTgvari TanagrZnoba da cnobismoy-
vareoba yovelTvis igrZnoboda.3 Aam mxriv gamonaklisi
arc saqarTveloa. ufro metic, qarTul mwerlobaSic ki
gamoikveTa amgvari tendencia, rodesac kriminals qur-
duli cxovrebis gansakuTrebulobis Saravandedi mo-
savs (magaliTd, n. dumbaZis SemoqmedebaSi murtalo, li-
mona da sxva). Ees tendencia, erTi mxriv, gasagebia, radgan
`kanonieri qurdic~ adamiania da Tu mas, miuxedavad
misi kriminaluri warsulisa, mainc SemorCa adamianuri
Rirsebisa da siyvarulis grZnoba, _ es gzavnilia nebi-
smieri gonieri mosamarTlisTvis, romelmac yvelaze
ufro xelidan wasuli `kanonieri qurdis~ pirovnebaSi
adamiani unda aRmoaCinos. Mmagram, samwuxarod, krimi-
nalebisadmi amgvari TanagrZnoba, rac pativsadebia
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi imis gamosakvelvad, Tu
ratom daadga is piri qurduli cxovrebis gzas, miuRe-
belia kriminilogiurad, danaSaulTa Tavidan acilebis
poziciebidanac; ufro metic, _ filosofiurad,
radgan qurduli cxorebis wesi, misi namdvili usaz-
risobis gamo, elementarul filosofiur kritikas ver
uZlebs. magram yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi `kanonieri~
qurdebisadmi erTgvari TanagrZnoba imanac gamoiwvia,
rom saxelmwifo sakuTreba `saarviso~ sakuTrebadac ki
iyo gagebuli da, maSasadame, misi nebismieri xerxiT xe-
lyofa mosaxleobis didi nawilis mxriv danaSaulad ar
fasdeboda (`me xom ar mparavs?~ poziciidan).
3. riT aixsneba qurduli cxovrebis wesis amgvari gam-

Zleoba? ufro metic, ra sazrisi devs e. w. kanonieri
qurdis erTob xifaTian, xSirad sasikvdilod gamete-
bul cxovrebaSi? nuTu kanonier qurds ara aqvs imisi
3
g. podlekixi, a. tereSonoki, kanonieri qurdebi, baTumi, 1995,
gv. 5.
483
gageba, rom is Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdeg moqmedebs? an:
kanonieri qurdis fsiqologia da filosofia imiT xom
ar ar aixsneba, rom sazogadoebrivi cxovreba naklova-
nia, usamarTlobiT aris gajerebuli da amitom xom ar
unda vifiqroT, rom kanonieri qurdi csovrebis am mank-
ieri wesis produqtia, da rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi
usamarTlobis samarTliani gadanawilebis pretenziiT
marTldeba? erTi ki aSkaraa, rom nebismieri kanonieri
qurdis cxovreba gamoirCeva angarebiT. marTalia, ar-
sebobda, ase vTqvaT, idealuri `kanonieri qurdis~ tipi,
romelsac aranairi qoneba ar gaaCnda, magram saarsebo
wyaros igi iZenda misi organizatorobiT Cadenili da-
naSaulebrivi qmedebisagan, an im e.w. saerTo `biujeti-
dan,~ romelsac saerTo salaro anu òbSaki~ ewodeba.
am gzaze kanonieri qurdi daundobelia da, rac ufro
bevrs Soulobs, mas miT ufro bevri undeba (am mxriv
tariel onianis magaliTic kmara!) aq ki, rogorc Cans,
saqme exeba Tavisebur prestiJs, ese igi, Rirsebis saqmes.
am mimarTebiT ki Tavs iCens RirebulebiTi orientacia,
rac aqsiologiuri midgomis gareSe sworad gagebuli
ver iqneba. am mxriv friad sainteresoa `kanonieri qur-
debis~ daxasiaTeba dadebiTobis kompleqsSi, rodesac
yoveli dadebiTi Strixi gamoyenebulia am tipis krim-
inalTa sasargeblod da maTi avtoritetis amaRlebas
emsaxureba. kerZod, `kanonieri qurdi,~ araerTgzis na-
samarTlevia; is sisxlissamarTlebriv subkulturas
Rrmad aris dauflebuli; damnaSaveTa samyaroSi sarge-
blobs didi avtoritetiT; is, saerTo wesisamebr, aRi-
arebulia kanonier qurdad am tipis kriminalTa Tavyri-
lobebze, sadac dgeba qurduli eTikisa da ideologiis
sakiTxebi; agreTve qurduli biujetis anu òbSakis`
Sevsebis xerxebi Dda meTodebi. K`kanonieri qurdi` super-
lideria da igi qurduli cxovrebis wess icavs ara mar-
to Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis adgilebSi, aramed
sxvaganac, sadac ki xeli miuwvdeba. Uufro metic, isini
484
qurduli cxovrebis wesis aqtiuri propagandistebi
arian.
maT aqvT mTeli rigi sxva dadebiTi Tvisebebis kompleq-

si. isini kargi organizatorebi arian; maT aqvT unari,
Sekran damnaSaveni da isini TavianT nebas daumorCi-
lon; isini, umravles SemTxvevaSi, mimzidvelni da sain-
teresoni arian; ivaldebulben Tavs, raTa Tvalyuri ad-
evnon Tavis garegnobas; unda icvamdnen sufTad da aku-
ratulad, modurad, mudam inda iyvnen formaSi, sufTad
gaparsulni; unda zrunavdnen sakuTari metyvelebisT-
vis. ar daijeron da ar gaavrcelon QWorebi, ESeumowme-
beli informacia, romelic laxavs romelime msjavrde-
bulis Rirsebas. Qqurdul garCevebze iyvnen obieqturni,
samarTliani, darRvevebis mimarT Seurigebelni, daun-
dobelni. gamoirCevian imisi didi unariT, rom moTokon
sakuTari emocia, ar unda gamovidenen mwyobridan da
ara yviriliT, aramed, avtoriteTiT da saqmis codniT
daarwmunon mowinaaRmdege.4
magram saqme isaa, rom kanonieri qurdis saxe arsebiTad

Seicvala gasuli saukunis 90-ani wlebidan, rodesac
ruseTSi saxelmwifo xelisufleba Sesustda, ufro
metic, gaCnda xelisuflebis vakuumi, xolo amisi Sevse-
ba sxvadasxva rjulis e.w. avtoritetebma daiwyes, maT
Tavdapirvelad moxerxebulad Seqmnes reketebis mTeli
qseli, daaweses xarki, mosakrebeli. bevri maTgani bi-
znesmenTa araofiacialuri dacvis samsaxurSi Cadga da
am gziT sakmaod didi fuli dargovda, xolo yovelive
es xels uwyobda imas, rom kanonieri qurdebi TandaTan
CarTuliynen biznesSi. es ki maTi gadaSenebis dasawyiss
moaswavebda, radgan isini ukve TanamSromlobdnen bi-
znesis oficilur struqturebTan, maT ukve gauCndaT
4
amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT ix. И. Т. Шурухнов, Неформаль-
ная дифференцияция итсправительно-трудовых учреждений, М. 1992.
485
politikur xelisuflebaSi mosvlis pretenzia, ra Tqma
unda, upirveles yovlisa, misi biznes interesebSi. es
avtoritetebs qurduli cxovrebis tradiuciuli wesi
kapikadac aRar uRirT; isini uars amboben kanonier qur-
dad oficialur kurTxevazec ki. saqme iqamdec mivida,
rom `qurdis~ wodeba, romelic araerTgzis nasamarT-
lobas, Tanac cixeSi jdomiT, gulisxmobda, bolo xaneb-
Si iyideba im pirzec ki, romelic cixeSi erTi dRec ar
mjdara. Tanac sakmaoze metad axalgazrdebze. isini
cdiloben ufro avtoritetuli qurdebis mosyidvas
didi fulis xarjze. Aamdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ko-
rufciam ufro metad daartya kanononier qurdebs,
vidre oficialur saxelmwifoebriv struqturebs.55
aseve niSandoblivia kanonieri qurdebis cxovrebis we-
sis fsiqologiuri da kriminologiuri daxasiaTeba:
yofili mkvlelebi, mZarcvelebi, narkotikebisadmi
midrekilni pirebi, danaSaulebrivi ideebis generator-
ebi, sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da stabilizaciis dauZ-
inebeli mtrebi, isinic ki, romlebmac fuliT iyides sak-
mod maRali samecniero, akademiuri Tu sxva wodebebi da
a.S.6
4. e.w. qurduli cxovrebis wesi erTgvari xerxia imis

SesaniRbad, rom amgvari cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi
devs angareba. es faqti Segnebulad iniRbeba qurduli
cxovrebis viTomda `kanonebiT,~ radgan SiSvel realo-
baze damyarebuli Cveulebrivze ufro mZafri krimina-
li veravisTvis misabaZi ver iqneba. `kanonieri qurdic~
adamiania. is Seuracxadi ki araa, aramed am mxriv norm-
aluri fsiqikisaa, Tumca am mimarTebiT `normaluri~ pi-
robiTia, radgan ar SeiZleba `normalurad,~ anu, norm-
5
amisa Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT ix. Ю. В. Датов, `Воры в законе~
как субъекты риночной модернизации России (internetidan).
6
amis Sesaxeb ix. Психология преступных групп ( internetidan).
486
iseulad CaiTvalos qurduli cxovrebis wesi. cxadia,
`qurduli kanonebi,~ anu, normebi arsebobs, magram es
normebi aranormaluria da is ar SeiZleba `normad~ anu
qcevis wesad miviCnioT. ar unda Segvacdinos im gare-
moebam, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesebSi erT dros ide-
alur qurdad iTvleboda is, visac sakuTari qoneba ar
hqonda da amdenad igi TiTqos angarebiT ar moqmedebda.
magram, jer erTi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, saarsebo wy-
aros igi danaSaulebrivi gziT Rebulobda; kerZod, da-
naSaulebrivi operaciis Sedegad, xolo am operaciebSi
igi organizatoria da ara amsrulebeli. meorec, arsad
ar unda emuSava, maSasadame, parazituli cxovrebis wess
eweoda. mesame, igi valdebulia Tavisi wvlili Seitanos
e. w. òbSakis~ anu qurdul salaroSi, mis `biujetSi.~ A
qurdebi qmnidnen da qmnian saxelmwifos saxelmwifoSi.
5. `kanonieri qurdis~ iarliyi da masTan dakavSirebuli

ritualebi xom araa dakavSirebuli e.w. `normatiul
faqtebTan~Gg.GnaneiSvili asaxelebs dapirebas da SeTanx-
mebas, xelSekrulebas, romelTac, erTis mxriv, faqtis
Tviseba aqvT, xolo, meores mxriv, _ `normatiulis`
Tviseba, ramdenadac savaldebuloa garkveuli katego-
riis pirebisTvis. xom ar avxsnaT yvelive es normatiuli
faqtebis TeoriiT? marTlac, xsenebuli avtori cdi-
lobs daasabuTos, rom arsebobs iseTi normatiuli faq-
ti, romelic pozitiuri samarTlisagan damoukideblad
moqmedebs da romelic iwvevs azrTa iseT kompleqss,
roca subieqtebi imsWvalebian valdebulisa da ufle-
bamosilis mniSvnelobiT, imis miuxedavad, ewinaaRmde-
geba Tu ara es normatiuli faqti pozitiuri samarTlis
moTxovnas. avtoris mtkicebiT, ar SeiZleba normatiu-
li faqtebi pozitiur samarTalze davamyaroT an mis-
gan gamoviyvanoT. faqtis normatiuloba, _ amtkicebs
avtori, `TviT faqtis Sinagani bunebidan gamomdinare-
487
obs da ara normidan. xelSekruleba, SeTanxmebis Tu
dapirebis aqti, agreTve dafuZnebiTi aqti, pozitiuri
samarTlisgan damoukideblad qmian uflebamosilebisa
da valdebulebis ganwyobilebas. TviT es aqtebi war-
moSoben azrTa iseT wyobas, romelSic me da sxva moce-
muli varT rogorc aqtualuri moqmedi azri ufle-
bamosilebisa da valdebulebisa. xolo raki es asea,
TavisTavad cxadia, rom aRniSnuli aqtebis normatiul
Zalasac Cven pozitiuri samarTlisgan damoukideblad
unda ganvicdideT.~7
amrigad, aSkaraa, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi da misi

principebi warmoadgenen normatiuli faqtis saxeobas,
rodesac saqme exeba, erTis mxriv, garkveul faqtebs,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, `qurduli kanonis~ normebze
SeTanxmebis aqti, xolo, meores mxriv, _ am faqtebis
normatiul Zalas, romlis Tanaxmad, nebismieri kanon-
ieri qurdi valdebulia ara marto TviTon daicvas es
moTxovnebi, aramed Tvalyuri adevnos sxva kanonieri
qurdis mier am moTxovnebis Sesrulebas. darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi ki, valdebulia da uflebamisili moawyos
qurduli sasamarTlo. Ggasagebia, rom qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesi, romelic TiTqos raime gansakuTrebuli
kanonis formaSi gamoixateba, sinamdvileSi sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara antisamarTlebrivi da iuridiulad sruli-
ad ukanono aqti. `kanonieri qurdis~ cneba mxolod im
faqts aRniSnavs, rom sinamdvileSi saqme exeba antisa-
zogadoebrivi cxovrebis wess, ris gamoc `kanonis~ for-
mas ver miiRebs. Gg. naneiSvili SemTxveviT ar amtkicebs,
rom normatiuli faqti SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes
pozitiur samarTals, magram es normatiuli faqtis ar-
7
g. naneiSvili, samarTlis namdviloba da cda normatiuli
faqtebis dasabuTebisa, `samarTlis filosofiis sakiTxebi,“
Tb., 1992, gv. 132.
488
sebas verafers aklebs. diaxac, qurduli cxovrebis wesi
iuridiulad ukanonoa da amitom `kanonieri qurdi~ iu-
ridiulad SeuZlebelia, magram imis aRsaniSnavad, rom
saqme exeba qurduli cxovrebis wesebis gamo garkveul
SeTanxmebas, Cven iZulebulni varT, am faqtis aRsaniS-
navad es termini `kanonieri qurdi~ gamoviyenoT. magram
amjerad yuradRebas mivaqcevT im garemoebas, rom g. na-
neiSvilis normatiuli faqtebis Teoria eyrdnoba ger-
maneli filosofosis eduard huserlis fenomenolo-
giur meTodologias, romelic garkveulwilad ideal-
isturi elferis matarebelia. am mxriv mokled Sevex-
ebiT eduard huserlis fenomenologiuri meTodis ar-
sis gagebas, rac sainteresodaa gadmocemuli prof. z.
kakabaZis erT-erT naSromSi. kerZod, prof. z. kakabaZis
azriT, Tu tradiciuli filosofia eZebda pirvel miz-
ezebs, rogorc samyaros sawyisebs, fenomenologia aris
axali tipis filosofia, romelic yofierebis mizezebs
ki ar eZebs, aramed `yofierebis mniSvnelobis warmoSo-
bis faqtorebs, ese igi, yofierebis konstituciur faq-
torebs. Ffenomenologia kiTxvas svams imaze, Tu rogor
gansazRvravs Tavis Tavs yofiereba~ da rom `subieqti
Tavisi ontiuri aqtebiT aniWebs samyaros sazrissa da
mniSvnelobas da amis gamo aris samyaros yofierebis ma-
konstruirebeli faqtori.~8
avtori ganmartavs TviT fenomenis cnebas, rac fenom-

enologiis, rogorc specifikuri meTodis, gasaRebia.
kerZod, `fenomenia~ – WeSmaritad sakuTar yofierebaSi
da, korelatulad CemTan damokidebulebaSi Seqmnili
samyaro. Ffenomenoloigia aris gamokvleva, romelic
gagvixsnis cnobierebis namdvil intenciur sicocxlesa
da samyaros am ukanasknelTan mimarTebaSi anu namdvil
8
z. kakabaZe, èqsistenciuri krizisis~ problema da eduard hu-
serlis trancedenturi fenomonologia, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 102.
489
intenciur samyaros.~9 Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
ìntencia` aris cnobierebis mimarTeba saganze, maSin
gasagebia, Tu ra siZneleebi SeiZleba daudges am meT-
odologias. marTlac, am poziciidan Znelia imis dasab-
uTeba, Tu saidan eZleva subieqts azri, rom yofiereba
amgvarad (da ara sxvanairad) daasazrisos? Mmagram arc
imisi ugulebelyofa ivargebs, rom subieqti amgvari
intenciis gareSe ar arsebobs da amdenad moZRvreba
normatiuli faqtebis Sesaxeb ueWvelad sayuradReboa.
kerZod, `yofierebis mniSvnelobebis~ idea aqtualurad
exmianeba `qurduli cxovrebis wesis` im mniSvnelobebs,
romelTac, rogorc Cans, normatiuli faqtis Teoria
gamoxatavs.
im mizniT, rom normatiuli faqtis cneba ìuridiuli

faqtis` cnebaSi ar agverios, sakiTxi am mxriv dasa-
zustebelia. Fam poziciidan friad sayuradRebod mig-
vaCnia prof. b. savanelis mier g. naneiSvilis poziciis
naTelyofa, roca igi iyenebs xsenebuli avtoris ideebs.
kerZod, igi gasagebad da logikurad alagebs g. naneiSvi-
lis Teorias normatiuli faqtebis Sesaxeb da TviT
am avtoris sityvebiT Aaskvnis, rom `normatiul faqts
aqvs rogorc faqtis, aseve normis Tviseba. aris Tu ara
xelSekruleba marTlzomieri, SeiZleba gairkves an ar
gairkves momavalSi. Mmanamde ki mxareebis urTierTobas
aqvs mTeli istoria, romlis ganmavlobaSic isini dakav-
Sirebuli arian erTmaneTTan rogorc uflebamosili
da valdebuli.~10
aq ar unda dagvabnios `xelSekrulebis~ cnebam, radgan,

xelSekrulebac iseTive normatiuli faqtia, rogorc,
magaliTad, SeTanxmebis an dapirebis aqti. vimeorebT,
9
10
b. savaneli, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 234.
490
normatiul faqtebs ormagi Tviseba aqvs: erTis mxriv,
saqme exeba SeTanxmebis, dapirebis Tu sxva msgavs mov-
lenebs, rogorc Ffaqtebs, xolo, meores mxriv, _ am
faqtebis normatiul Zalas, ese igi, maT valdebulobas,
imis miuxedavad, kanonieria Tu ara am faqtebidan gamom-
dinare moqmedebani. Cvens SemTxvevaSi ufro saintereso
Cans SeTanxmebis aqti, radgan, gveCveneba, rom qurduli
cxovrebis wesi `qurdul kanonebze` SeTanxmebis safuZ-
velzea agebuli. rogorc b. savaneli aRniSnavs,` faqtis
normatiuloba obieqturi, pozitiuri samarTlisagan
damoukidebeli, Tvisebaa. ra Tqma unda, samarTals Seu-
Zlia gamoiyenos normatiuli faqti, an Seqmnas xelov-
nuri dabrkoleba im kanonzomierebis gamosavlenad,
rac Cadebulia normatiul faqtSi, magram normatiuli
faqtis bunebas samarTali ver Secvlis.~11
vidre aq ganviTarebuli msjelobis Sefasebaze gadavi-

dodeT, saWirod migvaCnia ufro naTlad warmovaCinoT
normatiuli faqtebisa da iuridiuli faqtebis gan-
masxvavebeli niSnebi. Aam azriT mTavari isaa, rom ìu-
ridiuli faqti, romelsac pozitiuri samarTali ukav-
Sirebs samarTlebrivi urTierTobis warmoSobas, Secv-
las an Sewyvetas, Mmagram amis gamo is normatiulobas ar
iZens.~1212 marTlac, magaliTad, adamianis dabadeba an
sikvdili iuridiuli faqtebia, radgan isini qmnian Sesa-
tyvis samarTlebriv urTierTobebs, magram am faqtebs
normatiuli buneba ar gaaCniaT. amrigad, SeiZleba
vamtkicoT, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi
devs normatiuli faqtis iseTi saxeoba, rogoricaa Se-
Tanxmeba. es SeTanxmeba, erTis mxriv, aris faqti, Tu es
SeTanxmeba marTlac Sedga, xolo, meores mxriv, SeTanx-
mebis am faqts savaldebulo, normatiuli, mniSvneloba
11
b. savaneli, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 234.
12
iqve, gv. 234.
491
aqvs am SeTanxmebis monawileebisTvis. SeTanxmebis aqti-
dan gamomdinare valdebuleba da masTan dakavSirebuli
dapireba unda Sesruldes, imis miuxedavad, aris Tu ara
es SeTanxmeba kanonieri, an iyo Tu ara esa Tu is dapir-
eba pozitiuri samarTlis ganxocielebisken mimarTuli
aqti. ufro metic, swored SeTanxmebis, rogorc nor-
matiuli faqtis, bunebiT SeiZleba aixsnas ara mxolod
`kanonieri qurdis~ fenomeni, aramed sazogadod orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis fenomenic, radgan am movlenaSi
organizebuli danaSaulis wevrebs Soris SeTanxmebas
Ggadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. ufro metic, aq, rogorc
Cans, dgas faqtisa da normis mimarTebis problema,
radgan, is, rac aris, ar niSnavs, rom is agreTve Uunda iyos,
rogorc Rirebuleba, da, piriqiT, is, rac unda iyos, ar
niSnavs, rom is ukve aris. sworedac rom piriqiT, is, rac
aris, yvelaferi (magaliTad, danaSauli) arsebobis Rir-
si araa da amitom ar unda iyos, xolo is, rac arsebobis
Rirsia, an ar aris, an sakmarisad araa adamianTa yofi-
erebaSi damkvidrebuli. am poziciidan igulisxmeba ar-
sisa da jerarsis tradiciuli filosofiuri problema,
romelsac aq dawvrilebiT ar SevexebiT. aRvniSnavT mx-
olod imas, rom normatiuli faqtebis problema faqti-
sa da normis dakavSireba ki araa mxolod, aramed, TviT
faqtis normatiuli bunebis CvenebaSi mdgomareobs. Ees
sakiTxi imitom gvaintersebs, rom normatiul faqtebT-
an dapirispireba da brZola gansakuTrebuli movlenaa.
debuleba, rom samarTalma normatiul faqts SeiZleba
Seuqmnas xelovnuri dabrkoleba normatiuli faqtebSi
Cadebuli namdvili sazrisis gamosavlenad, _ metad sa-
yuradeboa. debuleba, rom normatiuloba TviT faqtis
Sinagani bunebaa, xolo normatiuli faqti istoriulad
win uswrebs pozitiur samarTals da amitom pozitiur
samarTals ar SeuZlia faqtebs normatiuli Zala miani-
492
Wos, an normatiuli faqtis bunebaSi raime Secvalos13_
metad damafiqrebelia. ramdenad efeqturia brZola
iseT normatiul faqtebTan, rogoricaa SeTanxmeba
`qurdul kanonebze~? gasagebia, rom saqme Seexeba sax-
elmwifos politikuri nebis problemas, ese igi, imas,
saxelmwifos oficialuri sisxlis samarTlis kanoni
marTlac daupirispirdeba Tu ara `qurduli kanonebis~
safuZvelze Sekrul kriminalebs da samarTlebrivi sa-
SualebiT daamarcxebs Tu ara am movlenas. Tu samarTa-
li upirispirdeba Cveulebriv faqtebs, vTqvaT, Zalado-
bas, rogor daupirispirdeba samarTali normatiul
faqtebs, roca es ukanaskneli pozitiuri samarTlisa-
gan damoukidebelia? cxadia, iseTi normatiuli faqti,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, SeTanxmeba, qurdul kanonebze
SeTanxmebiTac vlindeba, magram am konkretul faqtiT
ar amoiwureba. amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom saxelmwifos
samarTlebrivi brZola qurduli cxovrebis wesTan sak-
maod rTulia, magram qurduli cxovrebis wesis damar-
cxeba normatiuli faqtebis uaryofas an ugulebelyo-
fas ar niSnavs, radgan SeTanxmebis aqti sxva normatiul
faqtSi gamovlindeba.
6. amrigad, Cven vfiqrobT, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi,

miT ufro am ukanasknel xanebSi, sxva araferia, Tu ara am
cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi mdebare angarebis SeniRbvis
gansakuTrebuli xerxi. kerZod, qurdi ar muSaobs, ar qm-
nis, iTvisebs mzamzareuls, magram iTvisebs aTasgvari
binZuri xerxebiT.
7. erTi sityviT, am mimarTebiT `cxovrebis wesis~ soci-

ologiuri da filosofiuri analizi garduvalia.
magaliTad, prof. z. kakabaZe amtkicebs, rom adamiani
13
g. naneiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 141.
493
arsebobis sxvadasxva SesaZleblobisadmi gulgrili ki
araa, aramed irCevs da miznad isaxavs romelime maTgans.
`misi cxovreba yovelTvis garkveuli mizniT warimarTe-
ba, am miznis ganxorcilebis process warmodgens, xolo,
ramdenadac es asea, amdenad adamianis saqcieli ar Sei-
Zleba kauzaluri kanonebiT aixsnas. Tavisi ZiriTadi
miznis ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva stadiaze rom imy-
ofeba, adamiani amis Sesabamisad cvlis xolme garemo-
sadmi damokidebulebas da, maSasadame, erTsa da imave
pirobebSi sxvadasxvagvarad iqceva.~14
cxadia, adamianis saqcieli mxolod kauzaluri

kanonebiT ver aixsneba, magram arc am kanonebisgan mow-
yvetiT arsebobs. meorec, erTsa da imave pirobebSi
erTi da igive piris mimarT sxvadasxvanairi moqmedeba
_ es mxolod abstraqtuli SesaZleblobaa, radgan, pe-
tre rom ase iqceva, pavle moiqceva sxvagvarad, radgan
es ukanaskneli pavlea. Aamas adasturebs qurduli
cxovrebis wesic. kerZod, `kanonieri qurdi~ sxvanai-
rad moiqceva, vidre is, vinc am wesebs ar misdevs. cxa-
dia, `kanonier qurds~ SeeZlo cxovrebis sxva wesi aer-
Cia, imis miuxedavad, rom am tipis kriminali garedan
iZulebis wesiT xSirad yalibdeba. miT ufro, rom àda-
mianis cxovreba yovelTvis raRac idealis mixedviT
warimarTeba da rom am idealis mixedviT aRiarebs, mniS-
vnelobas aniWebs da epyroba garemomcvel samyaros.~15
arsebobs ki qurduli cxovrebis wesi, rogorc ideali

am ukanasknelis qurduli gagebiT? cxadia, aq sakiTxi
rTuldeba, radgan `kanonieri qurdi,~ rogorc ukve
iTqva, normaluri fsiqikis adamiana da ara Seuracxadi.
Mmeore mxriv, faqtia, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi ara-
14
z. kakabaZe, filosofiuri saubrebi, Tb., 1988, gv. 14.
15
iqve, gv. 28.
494
normaluria, aranormiseulia, ris gamoc is idealad ver
gamodgeba. is idealad Cven gveCveneba, an Cven mivawerT
mas idealis mniSvnelobas, raki ver agvixsnia is mizezebi,
rac yovelive amas ganapirobebs. marTlac, riT aixsneba
is, rom qurdi amdens itandes, Tavis Tavze amdens iReb-
des da es yvelaferi mxolod da mxolod angarebiT? aq
Tavs iCens e. w. prestiJis moTxovnilebac, magram sakiTx-
avi isicaa, Tu raa aq prestiJuli _ TviT qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesi Tu amgvari cxovrebis Sedegebi? miT ufro,
rom ìdealis safuZvelSi yofierebis Sesabamisi gageba
Zevs.`1616 magram, samwuxarod, SesaZlebelia, rom adami-
anma Tavis Tavze usiamo WeSmaritebas zurgi aqcios da
Sesatyvis iluziebs miaSuros, ese igi Tavi moityuos,
xolo, es ueWvelad aZnelebs TviTSemecnebas.1717 bolos,
`SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianis saqcieli, misi cxovre-
bis mimarTuleba, gezi, saboloo angariSiT, mis mier ar-
sebobis, yofnis sistemis gagebiT ganisazRvreba.`18
amrigad, yoveli konkretuli adamianis cxovrebis wesi

adamianis yofnis sistemis gagebazea agebuli, Tumca
isic faqtia, rom arsebobs TviTmotyuebis fenomeni,
romelic xels uSlis adamianis mier Tavisi cxovre-
bis wesis marTebul gagebasa da SefasebaSi. `kanonieri
qurdi~ arc Tu ise gaunaTlebelia, rom ver gaigos, Tu
ra usazrisoa misi cxovreba, magram is mainc am gzas ad-
gas, Tumca Tavis pirmSos am gzas, albaT, ar gauyenebs. aq
codnis naklulobaze imdenad araa laparaki, ramdena-
dac mrwamsis uRirsobaze. es termini `mrwamsis uRir-
soba` sakmao siRrmiT da marjved gamoxatavs qurduli
cxovrebis wesis uaryofiT Sefasebas, maSin, roca es
termini bralis cnebis problematikaSia gamoyen ebu-
16
17
iqve, gv. 47.
18
iqve, gv. 199.
495
li. magaliTad, i. veselsisa da v. boilkes erTobliv
naSromSi naTqvamia, rom `braleuli gakicxaobis sagans
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi gamovlinebadi, marTl-
wesrigiT dadgenili moTxovnebisadmi damnaSavis ara-
keTilsindisieri ganwyoba warmoadgens.~19 am avtorebis
azriT, `samarTlebrivi sindisisaTvis~ yuris dagdebis
SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi akrZalva ganxorcieldebo-
da,` ese igi, marTlzomieri qmdeba iqneboda Cadenili.
Aaqedan keTdeba daskvna, rom `brali` niSnavs qmedebis
gasakicxaobas imis gamo, rom mas safuZvlad samarT-
lebrivad gakicxvis Rirsi mrwamsi udevs.~20
amrigad, brali mrwamsis uRirsobaa, xolo mrwamsi daxa-

siaTebulia, rogorc sakuTari, CveulebiTi, religiuri,
an politikuri msoflmxedveloba, romlis safuZvelze
piri Tavs uflebas aZlevs, zogjer ki valdebulad Tv-
lis, Caidinos gansazRvruli qmdeba.21
rogorc Cans, `mrwamsis` cnebaSi sakmaod farTo Sinaar-

sis fenomeni igulisxmeba, ris gamoc igi, garkveuli
azriT, msoflmxedvelobis sinonimad SeiZleba CaiT-
valos. bralic, rogorc Cans, misgan mowyvetili araa,
Tumca sakmaod Znelia konkretuli upasuxismgeblo,
anu, braleuli qmedeba, mrwamsis uRirsobidan pirda-
piri logikuri gziT gamoiyvano. magram amjerad Cven
bralis problemas uSualod ar vexebiT. dagvainteresa
mrwamsis cnebam, romelic, garkveulwilad, msoflmxed-
velobriv problemas ukavSirdeba. Aamaze metyvelebs T.
19
i. veselsi (v. boilke), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili,
danaSauli da misi agebuleba, Tb., 2010, gv. 221 (germanulidan
Targmna z. arseniSvilma, xolo samecniero redaqcia gaakeTa
samarTlis doqtorma i. dvaliZem).
20
iqve, gv. 221.
21
iqve, gv. 222.
496
buaCiZis debuleba, rom `yoveli adamianuri aqti, aRqma
iqneba es Tu Sefaseba, garkveul xedvaze, _ msoflios
xedvaze, msoflmxedvelobaze – dayrdnobiT sruldeba`
da rom `...garkveuli azriT, adamianad yofna filoso-
fosad yofnas niSnavs.`22 cxadia, es exeba qurdul samya-
rosac. Aaqac aris msoflxedva, imisi gamarTleba, rasac
qurdi akeTebs. cxadia, garkveuli msoflmxedvelobis
gareSe arc qurdi da qurduli samyaroa, magram sul sx-
vaa filosofia, rogorc Teoriuli msoflmxedveloba,
rom filosofia aris epoqis kritika da cxadia, qurdu-
li cxovrebis wesis kritikac, rasac kanononieri qurdi,
rogorc wesi, ar iRebs arc uSvebs. adamiani qmnis Rireb-
ulebaTa samyaros da eziareba mis kanonebs. Aaq ukve dgas
kulturisa da adamianis mimarTebis sakiTxic. ganekuT-
vneba Tu ara qurduli cxovrebis wesebi `kulturis` fe-
nas Tu es aris fsevdo kultura, subkultura? rogorc
akad. a. boWoriSvili aRniSnavda, kultura adamianis
mier Seqmnili dadebiTi Rirebulebis mqone fenomenia,
romelic adamianis aqtiur SemoqmedebiT aqtebSi Cans,
da rom kulturaSi adamianma Tavisi Tavi unda moipo-
vos.23 miT ufro, Tu yvela Rirebulebas Soris, romle-
biTac kultura am sapatio saxels inarCunebs, umaRlesi
zneobrivi Rirebulebaa. irkveva, rom `sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis kulturuloba izomeba, pirvel rigSi, imis
mixedviT, Tu raoden aswia man adamianis zneoba, raoden
gaaumjobesa man Aadamiani, rogorc zneobrivi arseba.~24
gasagebia, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesi, romelic ra-
Rac `kanonebisgan~ Sedgeba, kulturis sawinaaRmdego
fenomenia, romelSic adamiani Tavis Tavs ki ar pou-
lobs, aramed, piriqiT, kargavs. Ees `kanonebi~ e. w. `flo-
22
T. buaCiZe, adamainis yofiereba da filosofiis raoba, `fi-
losofiuri anTropologiis sakixebi,“ V11, Tb., 1983, gv. 25.
23
a. biWoriSvili, ra aris kultura, Tb., 1965, gv. 18-19.
24
iqve, gv. 33.
497
bis~ gaxelebuli Jinis gamovlenaa, maSin, roca adamian-
isTvis mTavari yofnis fenomenia. rogorc Tavis droze
marTebulad aRniSnavda prof. o. jioevi, `yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi adamians uCndeba warmodgena, rac ufro mets
flobs, miT ufro mtkice xdeba misi yofiereba da amis
Sedegad igi qonebasa da flobas cxovrebis saSualebad
ki ar miiCnevs, aramed mTeli cxovrebis Sinaarsad.~25
ismis kiTxva: Tu pirobiT CamovaSorebT qurduli cx-

ovrebis wess `qonas,~ ese igi, materialur interess,
maSin logikurad rCeba mxolod `yofna,~ xolo, am uka-
nasknelis sferoSi `qurdis~ adgili ar rCeba. Agasagebia,
rom `qurdad yofnas~ aranairi filosofiuri sazrisi
araa aqvs. rogorc irkveva, àdamianis cxovrebis Seswav-
lisas filosofia gamoavlens imasac, rom adamiani ar
sjerdeba ubralod arsebobas, is Tavis saarsebo moTx-
ovnilebaTa dakmayofilebaze ki ar zrunavs mxolod,
aramed afasebs kidec Tavis cxovrebas~...26
cxadia, am TviTSefasebis xasiaTs adamianis cxovreba-

moRvaweobisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram arse-
bobs adamianis Sefaseba garedan, sxva adamianebisa Tu
instanciisgan gamomdinare. am mxriv friad saintersoa
a. bregaZis debuleba imis Taobaze, Tu rogor iqceva
adamiani garegani Sefasebisgan damoukideblad. ker-
Zod, irkveva, rom Dadamianis Sefaseba dadebiTad Tu
uaryofiTad mainc imas niSnavs, rom am SemTxvevaSi ada-
miani garedan iqneba gansazRvruli da misi namdvili
saxe gaugebari darCeba. àdamiani Tavisi namdvili saxiT
maSin gamoCndeba, roca mas arc SiSi eqneba Tavisi moq-
25
o. jioevi, kultura da filosofia, baTumi, 2008, gv. 19.
26
iqve, gv. 20.
498
medebisa da arc jildos moelis vinmesgan (Seqebisa da
gakicxvis iqiTa mxares gadanacvleba). Ees ki maSinaa Sesa-
Zlebeli, roca pirovnebas Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamj-
dari yoveli is kanoni da kategoria, (upirveles yov-
lisa, ufleba, movaleoba, pasuxismgebloba), rac unda
axasiaTebdes mas, rogorc sazogadebriv arsebas. `27
am debulebaSi bevri ram aris iseTi naTqvami, romelic

adamianis arsebas samarTlis sferoSic Seexeba. kerZod,
sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis samarTlebrivi mowes-
rigebaSi waxaliseba, jildo da sxva amgvari dapireba
Cveulebrivi movlenebia. Aam mxriv ucxo arc saxelmwifo
iZulebis muqaraa. amis gamo sakmaod Znelia ipovo samar-
Tlis sferoSi adamiani, romelic wamaxalisebeli Tu
maiZulebeli zegavlenisgan iqneboda Tavisufali da,
maSasadame, ase vTqvaT, wminda gagebis sagnad mogvev-
lineboda. miT ufro rTulia `qurdul kanonebze~
Seficul adamians raime gaugo, radgan, rogorc Cans,
is Tavs arc ekuTvnis. Mmagram zemoTaRniSnul debule-
baSi adamianis arsebis aspeqtSi naxsenebia `pasuxismge-
bloba,~ romelic yvelafers Tavis adgilze ayenebs.
cxadia, igulisxmeba, upirveles yovlisa, pozitiuri,
anu, prospeqtuli pasuxismgebloba, roca adamiani, Ta-
visi arsebidan gamomdinare, mowodebulia, Tavis nor-
matiulad dadgenil movaleobas moekidos pasuxismge-
blurad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas negatiuri pasux-
ismgebloba mouwevs. Mmagram, samwuxarod, `kanonieri
qurdis` cxovrebis wesi sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos
winaSe upasuxismgeblobis naTeli magaliTia, roca igi,
Tavisi mrwamsis uRirsobis gamo, braleulobis ganuw-
yvetel Ggancdas Tavidan ver moiSorebs.
aq ukve aSkaraa, rom `qurduli kanonebi` arsebiTad ewi-
27
a. bregaZe, Sinagani cxovreba da gamosaxuleba, `filosofi-
uri anTropologiis sakiTxebi, V11, Tb., 1983, gv. 78. B
499
naaRmdegebian adamianis, rogorc sazogadoebrivi ar-
sebis, cxovrebis WeSmarit wess, romelic, upirveles
yovlisa, adamianis SemoqmedebiTi Sromis maRaladami-
anuri RirebulebiT gamoixateba.
8. sainteresoa socialuri rolebis Teoria. adamiani

ikavebs garkveul pozicias da amis mixedviT moqmedebs
kidec. esaa socialuri rolis normatiuli gageba.
irkveva, rom adamiani qmnis rols, rogorc Tavisufali
xelovani. amiT ikveTeba rolis Seqmnasa da SesrulebaSi
SemoqmedebiTi sawyisi, misi Sesrulebis individual-
uroba da ganumeorebloba. roli _ esaa molodini, Tu
rogor moiqceva igi mis mier dakavebuli poziciidan ga-
momdinare.28
azri zusti araa: roli SeiZleba subieqtma marTlac Se-

qmnas, mis mier dakavebuli poziciidan gamomdinare, ma-
gram roli obieqturicaa: is damokidebulia imaze, Tu
vin aris isL_ deda, mama, moqalaqe da a.S.
arsebobs socialuri rolebis konfliqti. Aadamians

ukavia iseTi pozicia, romelic mas pirdapir karnaxobs
danaSaulebriv qmedebas. magaliTad, danaSaulebrivi
organzaciis wevroba. Ees exeba qurduli samyaros wev-
robidan gamomdinare moqmedebasac. miT ufro, rom aq
erTmaneTisganaa gansxvavebuli danaSaulebrivi qceva
da danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba.29
9. Mmagram xom araa kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizacia

sisxlis samarTlis sociologiuri skolis gamoxat-
uleba Tanamedrove etapze? marTlac, cnobili faq-
tia, rom sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri skolis Ziri-
28
Криминология, Учебник, М. 2001, стр. 137.
29
iqve, gv. 341.
500
Tadi postulati gaxldaT principi, romlis Tanaxmad,
sisxlis samarTali aris qmedebis samarTali. kerZod,
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmede-
bis, rogorc adamianis nebis garegani aqtis, gareSe ar
arsebobs danaSauli. araviTari Sexeduleba, rwmena Tu
azrTa raimenairi wyoba Tu mrwamsi, konkretuli qmede-
bis gareSe, sisxlis samarTlis interess ar SeiZleba
warmoadgendes. araviTari, Tundac aSkarad miuRebeli,
amoraluri cxovrebis wesi, raime konkretuli qmedebis
gareSe, danaSaulad ver CaiTvleba. amis gamo rTuldeba
e. w. kanonieri qurdis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxis-
gebaSi micema, ramdenadac igi, bolo xanebSi, garkveul
sifrTxiles iCens da konkretul qmedebas uSulod ar
sCadis, Tumca SeniRbulad is danaSaulebrivi kavSirebs
Tavisive msgavsebTan yovelTvis amyarebs da momaval
danaSaulebriv qmedebas gegmavs kidevac. amitomaa da-
naSaulebrivi organizacia da organizebuli danaSau-
li kavSirSi kanonieri qurdebis saqmianobasTan. ufro
metic, kanonieri qurdi ara marto TviTon cxovrobs mis
mier aRiarebuli qurduli wesebiT, aramed valdebulia
es wesebi Tavs moaxvios sxvebsac, gaswios aqtiuri pro-
paganda Aam mimarTebiT, aqtiurad imuSaos imisTvis, rom
qurduli cxovrebis wesi Tavs moaxvios ara marto axal-
gazrdobas, aramed mozardebsac da isini Caabas danaSau-
lebriv saqmianobaSi. marTalia, am saqmes `kanonieri qur-
debis` momsaxure pirebi (e.w. `Sestiorkebi`) uSualod
akeTeben, magram es `kanonier qurds~ araviTar SeRavaTs
ar aniWebs. ukve aSkara xdeba, rom `kanonieri qurdi` qur-
duli cxovrebis wesis pasiuri mimdevari ki araa, aramed
aqtiuri moqmedebiT amravlebs Tavisive msgavsebs axal-
gazrdobis wridan, rac, cxadia, uaRresad saSiSia axal-
gazrda Taobis moraluri CamoyalibebisTvis. amitom,
Cveni azriT, kanonieri qurdis sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisTvis arsebiTad sayura-
501
dReboa swored misi ideologiur-gamxrwneli zegavlena
da mis mier danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi axalgazrdobis
Cabmis organizaciuli xerxebi da meTodebi.
10. marTalia, sociologiuri skola ufro Sors midis

da pirovnebis saSiSroebas xedavs imaSi, rom es pirovne-
ba romelime sazogadoebis Tu jgufis wevrobis an raime
principebis gamo man momavalSi SeiZleba Caidinis dana-
Sauli. magram, saqarTveloSi qurduli mentalitetis
gamZleoba da misi saSiSroeba sruliadac ar gamoricx-
avs im daskvnas, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis aRiareba
da misi sulisikveTebiT yofna niSnavs ara mxolod imas,
rom piri momavalSi danaSaulebriv qmedebas ueWvelad
Caidens, aramed imasac, rom igi sCadis qurduli cxovre-
bis wesTan dakavSirebul qmedebas, magaliTad, muqaras,
awyobs qurdul garCevebs.30 da es TavisTavad aris saSiSi
da xelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigs, simSvides, adamian-
Ta Rirsebas.
11. cxadia, kanonieri qurdoba da qurdoba, rogorc Cveu-

lebrivi danaSauli, eTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba. qur-
dobis, rogorc Cveulebrivi danaSaulis obieqtia sa-
kuTreba (ssk-isAQ177-e muxli). qurduli samyaros wevroba
da kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is 2231-e muxli) ki mimarTu-
lia ara sakuTrebis, aramed sazogadoebrivi wesrigis
winaaRmdeg. es gasagebia, radgan quduli samyaros wesi-
sadmi pativiscema da idealad misi warmoCena safrTxes
uqmnis sazogadoebaSi moralurad jansaRi urTierTo-
bebis dakvidrebas da amkvidrebs qurduli cxovrebis
amoralizms, rac gansakuTrebiT saSiSia axalgazrdobis
normaluri suliskveTebiT CamoyalibebisTvis, Tumca
aris azri, rom am mimarTebiT ufro marTebuli iqneboda,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi garkveuli
30
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, Tb., 2006, gv. 473.
502
cvlilebis Setana, kerZod, organizebuli saxis kanon-
ieri qurdobis dasjadobis daweseba, magram, vfiqrobT,
amgvari novacia saqarTveloSi ukve aqtualuri araa,
raki am tipis danaSauli dRiTidRe mcirdeba. ruseTSi
ki, piriqiT, izrdeba. mas xels uwyobs ara mxolod to-
taluri korufcia, aramed totalisturi reJimic. aman
xeli Seuwyo qurduli cxovrebis wesis gaumarTlebel
gaidealebas, magram araa azrs moklebuli debuleba,
rom qurdul samyaro ruseTSi arsebuli totalisturi
reJimis winaaRmdeg stiqiuri prostestia. faqti ki isaa,
rom `msgavs movlenas dasavleTis verc erT qveyanaSi ver
SeamCnevT.~31 irkveva, rom `Tanamedrove damnaSaveobis
samyaro sruliad Tavisufalia umciresi romantikuli
danaSrevebisganac ki. igi pragmatuli da sisxluxvia.`32
magram arc imisi daviwyeba SeiZleba, rom qurduli cx-
ovrebis wesSi arsebobs garkveuli prestiJis fenomeni.
garkveviT iyo naTqvami, rom `kanonieri qurdis tituli
prestiJuli xdeba qarTuli sazogadoebis sxvadasxva
fenaSi, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs Soris. axalgaz-
rdebs qurduli romantika itacebs. gansakuTrebiT
mimzidvelia legendebi qurduli simamacis, patiosne-
bis Sesaxeb, misi monawileoba saqmis garCevebis dros
gatacebuli nivTis dabrunebisas.33 sworedac rom leg-
endaa `qurduli patiosneba~ da `samarTlianoba` Tu sxva
magvari yalbi Saravandedi, romliTac saqmis WeSmariti
arsi ifareba!
12. `kanonieri qurdoba` iuridiulad SeuZlebelia, rad-

gan qurdoba, cxadia, kanonieri ver iqneba. kanonmdebels
aq imisi Tqma undoda, rom arsebobs adamiani, romelic
qurduli cxovrebis wesis mimdevaria, rom igi Tavis da-
31
g. podelkixisa da a. tereSinikis dasax. naSromi, gv. 5.
32
iqve, gv. 18.
33
g. lobJanize, g. Rlonti, dasax. naSromi, gv. 69.
503
naSaulebriv saqmianobas am wesis karnaxiT warmarTavs.
Mtermini `qurduli samyaros` wevroba imitom ikrZaleba,
rom igi danaSaulebrivi cxovrebis wess gamoxatavs. cx-
adia, igulisxmeba am danaSaulebrivi wesis aRsrulebis
xerxebi da meTodebi, ese gi, ara mxolod sityvieri aRi-
areba imisa, rom is Tavis Tavs am wris warmomadgenlad
warmoaCens. amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom qurduli sam-
yaros wevrobis sityvier aRiarebas win unda uZRodes am
samyaros wevrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saqmianoba. marTa-
lia, sisxlis samarTlis konkretul saqmesTan kavSirSi
SeiZleba gaWirdes imisi mtkiceba, Tu ramdenad aqtiuri
iyo igi qurduli samyaros wevrobisas, magram am faqtis
dadgenis gareSe, mxolod sityvieri aRiareba imisa, rom
vinme qurduli samyaros wevria, sakmarisi araa.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qurduli samyaros wevri,

rogorc es saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
2231-e muxlidan Cans, `kanonieri qurdi~ araa, radgan
es ukanaskneli xsenebuli muxlis meore nawilSi pasux-
ismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoebis saxiTaa gaTval-
iswinebuli. aqedan gamomdinareobs danaSaulad kvali-
fikaciis ramdenime sakiTxi. pirveli sakiTxi exeba da-
naSaulTa erTobliobis wesiT qmedebis kvalifikacias,
roca qurduli samyaros wevri (roca es wevroba ara mar-
to aRiarebulia, aramed dadgenilia), Caidens konkre-
tul danaSauls, vTqvaT, qurdobas (ssk-is 177-e muxli).
aris Tu ara aq danaSaulTa erTobliobis safuZveli?
literaturaSi zogjer uaryofilia danaSaulTa erTo-
blioba, roca qurduli samyaros wevri Caidens raime
konkretul danaSauls. magram, Cveni azriT, aq dana-
SaulTa erToblioba saeWvo ar unda iyos. marTlac, Tu
qurduli samyaros wevroba aris damoukidebeli dana-
Sauli, maSin am samyaros wevris mier raime konkretuli
danaSaulis Cadena danaSaulTa erTobliobas ueWve-
504
lad qmnis. igive iTqmis `kanonieri qurdis` mier raime
konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxebac, radgan
`kanonieri qurdoba,` xsenebuli muxlis meore nawilis
Tanaxmad, damoukidebeli danaSaulia. Bbolos, dgeba is
sakiTxic, Tu rogor unda gadawydes qmedebis danaSau-
lad kvalifikacia, roca kanonieri qurdi Caidens, mag-
aliTad, qurdobas (ssk-is 177-e muxlis vTqvaT, pirveli
nawiliT)? Ppasuxi erTia: aqac saxezea danaSaulTa er-
Tobloba.34
13. imis miuxedavad, rom `kanonieri qurdis` Tu `qur-

duli samyaros~ cnebebi iuridiuli azrovnebis wess
ukavSirdebian, iuridiul cnebebs ar warmoadgenen. Aaq
analogiisTvis SeiZleba movitanoT termini `damnaSavis
pirovneba,~ romelic arc Tu iSviaTad aris miCneuli
iuridiul cnebad. erT-erT naSromSi savsebiT swo-
radaa naTqvami, rom `damnaSavis pirovneba~ ar warmoad-
gens iseT sruliad gancalkevebulad mdgom movlenas,
romelsac zogadad adamianis pirvnebasTan kavSiri ara
aqvs. damnaSavis pirovneba da zogadad pirovnebis cnebe-
bi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli cnebebia da iseT Tana-
fardobaSi arian erTmaneTTan, rogorc nawili mTelT-
an. am midgomidan gamomdinae, pirovnebis daxasiaTeba
damnaSavis pirovnebis SeswavlisTvis sabazo xdeba.~35
aqedan logikurad gamimdinareobs daskvna, rom ramde-

nadac mTeli gansazRvravs nawils, e.i. pirovneba `dam-
naSaves~ da ara piriqiT, amdenad `damnaSavis pirovneba`
nawilis mier mTelis gansazRvris logikaa, rac, cxadia,
alogizmia. ucnauria, rom `damnaSavis pirovnebas~ mTe-
li naSromi mieZRvna, magram maSi ganviTarebuli msj-
34
sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, Tb., 2006, gv. 475.
35
kriminologia, T. wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis instituti, Tb., 2005, gv. 97.
505
elobis logikiT mtkicdeba, rom `damnaSavis pirovne-
ba~ iuridiulad SeuZlebelia. mogvyavs teqsti rusul
enaze, ucvlelad:
àdamiani, romelmac Caidina danaSauli – damnaSavea, ma-
gram CavTvaloT igi aseTad Cven SegviZlia mxolod mas
Semdeg, rac mas sasamarTlo scobs braleulad. amisT-
vis ki, is micemuli unda iqnes sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxisgebaSi da gadaeces sasamarTlos. piri, romelic
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT micemulia sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv pasuxisgebaSi, aRiarebulia braldebulad.
braldebuli, romelic gadaeca sasamarTlos, samar-
TalSi micemulad iwodeba, xolo samarTalSi micemuli
romlis mimarT gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni,
msjavrdebulia.~36
gasagebia, rom am msjelobiT termini `damnaSave~ cxad-

deba araiuridiul cnebad, ramdenadac igi piris samar-
Tlebriv mdgomareobas ar gamoxatavs. amiT Cven imisi
Tqna gvinda, rom `kanonieri qurdi~ aris araiurid-
iuli, sociologiuri cneba, romelic dakavSirebulia
profesiul da organizebul danaSaulTan. kidev ufro
aSkaraa, rom `qurduli samyaro~ aris sociologiuri
cneba, radgan, am mimarTebiT saqme Seexeba samarTle-
brivi urTierTobis farglebs gareT arsebul social-
ur wesebs da maT safuZvelze agebul faqtobriv urTi-
erTobebs, romelTac samarTali upirispirdeba. amde-
nad, `kanonieri qurdebis` mimarT Tamamad SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom maTi cxovrebis wesi msoflmxedvelobrivi
cdomilebis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens. kerZod, qur-
duli cxovrebis wesi `cxovrebis wesis~ filosofiuri
kategoriis safuZvelze unda Sefasdes. ukve iTqva, rom
qurduli cxovrebis wesis safuZvelSi devs angareba,
rogorc nebismieri `kanonieri qurdis` saqmianobis
fsiqikuri sazrisi, xolo filosofiurad es `sazrisi`
36
Личность преступника, М. 1971, стр. 17.
506
usazrisoa, radgan igi adamianis arssa da daniSnulebas
ewinaaRmdegeba. marTalia, `kanonieri qurdi~ moqmedebs
ganzrax, magram saqme swored isaa, rom ganzraxi danaSau-
li, romelic fsiqologiurad Segnebulia da am azriT,
rogorc wesi, uSecdomoa, filosofiurad, piriqiT,
Rrmaa Secdomaa, ese igi msoflmxedvelobriv cdomile-
bas warmoadens. amisi dasabuTeba aris danaSaulebrivi
cxovrebis wesis filosofiuri kritika. Tavs uflebas
mivcemT am sakiTxebze Cveni erTi filosofiuri naSro-
mis daskvniTi nawili moviSvelioT, radgan masSi dasab-
uTebulia, rom swored ganzraxi danaSauli, romelic
fsiqologiurad, rogorc wesi, uSecdomoa, Rrma mso-
flmxedvelobriv cdomilebad unda Sefasdes. am pozi-
ciidan SevafaseT maSin qurduli cxovrebis wesic da
gavakritikeT igi. Cven maSin vwerdiT: `debuleba, rom
ganzraxi danaSauli adamianis Rrma msoflmxedvelo-
briv cdomilebaa, ar unda iyos mxolod Teoria, ese igi,
sisxlis samarTlis filosofiis kuTvnileba, aramed
adamianTa praqtikul cxovrebazec unda gavrceldes.
Ees saWiroa imisTvis, rom adamianebi ufro TviTkriti-
kulad da maRali pasuxismgeblobiT moekidon TavianT
praqtikul cxovrebas, Tavi daaRwion raime motiviT da-
naSaulis Cadenis cdunebas. rogorc prof. n. kvaracxe-
lia ambobs, miuxedavad Cveni epoqis antifilosofiuro-
bisa, filosofia kvlav rCeba epoqis fxizel gonebad da
mousyidvel sindisad37. filosofias epoqis kritikasac
uwodeben da ra gasakviria, Tu igi danaSaulis ganzrax
Camdeni piris msoflmxedvelobrivi gamaTraxebis saqme-
sac moemsaxuros. miT umetes, rom saqarTveloSi jer
kidev cocxlobs e. w. qurduli mentaliteti, romlis sa-
marcxvino boZze gasakravad mxolod oficialuri sax-
37
n. kvaracxelia, adamiani da msoflmxedveloba, Tb., 2001, gv. 57
507
elmwifo xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva sakmarisi ar aris.
saWiroa mTeli sazogadoebis SemarTeba, Tumca umizezo
araferia da amitom xelisufleba am qurduli mental-
itetis gamZleobis mizezebsac unda Caufiqrdes. e.w.
qurduli samyaros moSlisTvis saqarTveloSi gadadg-
mul nabijebs zogjer adamianis uflebisTvis safrTx-
is Seqmnadac ki aRiqvamen, magram sakiTxavia: arsebobs
ki qurduli cnobierebis tarebisa da qurdad yofnis
ufleba? Aam da sxva amgvar problemebs Semdgomi msj-
eloba sWirdebaT.`38
amrigad, qurduli cxovrebis wesi `cxovrebis wesis~

filosofiuri kategoriis safuZvelze unda Sefades,
rogorc Rrma msoflmxedvelobrivi cdomileba. `kanon-
ieri qurdi` iuridiulad SeuZlebelia, radgan qur-
duli cxovrebis wesi, romelic am terminiT gamoix-
teba, aris sociologiuri fenomeni, romelic, rogorc
vnaxeT, normatiuli faqtis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nebas, rom ebrZolos saqarT-
veloSi jer kidev SemorCenil qurdul mentalitets da
qurduli cxovrebis wess, ueWvelad sWirdeba mxardaW-
era, magram, cxadia, saTanado normatiuli bazis sa-
fuZvelze. qurduli cnobierebis tarebisa da qurdad
yofnis ufleba, cxadia, ar arsebobs, magram arc imisi
ufleba arsebobs, rom qurduli cxovrebis wesis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolis sababiT ukanono xerxebi da meTodebi
gamoviyenoT. amgvari ukanonoba qurduli cxovrebis
wesis kidev ufo met gantkicebas gamoiwvevs da amdenad
dasmuli problema kidev ufro Rrma gansjas moiTxovs.
38
g. naWyebia, ganzraxi danaSauli, rogorc msoflmxedvelo-
brivi cdomileba, `filosofiuri Ziebani,~ t. X1, Tb., 2007, gv.
141-142.
508
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§2. e.w. kanonieri qurdobis kriminologiuri analizi

da mokle istoriuli eskursi
saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde ar icnobda problemas

romelsac dRes kanonmdebelma e.w. `qurduli samyaro~
uwoda. TviTon movlenas gaaCnia Rrma istoriuli fes-
vebi, ukve XVII saukunidan yalibdeba dauwereli qce-
vis normebi da kriminaluri Jargoni. unda aRiniSnos
agreTve, rom rusul istoriul sinmdvileSi termini
`вор~ ar aRniSnavda dRevandeli mosazrebiT `qurds~,
romelic nivTs iparavs. aRniSnul termins imTaviTve
gansakuTrebuli datvirTva hqonda da ar Semoifargle-
boda mxolod mparavis aRsaniSnavad. pirs, romelic ip-
aravda sxva terminiT, (татя) moixseniebdnen.39 termini
`kanonieri qurdi~ warmoiSva rusuli kalkidan `вор в
законе~. aRniSnuli terminis warmoSobis Sesaxeb lit-
eraturaSi ramodenime mosazreba arsebobs, pirvelis
mixedviT aRniSnuli terminiT maSindeli sabWoTa mili-
cia moixseniebda danaSaulebriv samyaroSi gamorCeul
liderebs,40 meore versiiT termini warmoiSva TviTon
danaSaulebriv wreebSi dauwereli qurduli kanonis
SemuSavebisa da damtkicebis Semdeg. aRniSnuli kanonis
ganuxrelad Semsruleblebi TavianT Tavs `kanonier
qurdebs~ uwodebdnen.41
39
ix. Я. Костюковский. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. http://www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html
40
ix. iqve.
41
ix. g. Rlonti, g. lobJaniZe, kanonieri qurdebi saqarT-
veloSi: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, 44-45 gv.
509
ar arsebobs monacemebi aRniSnuli movlenis warmoSobis
zusti periodis Sesaxeb. rogorc wesi `kanonieri qur-
debis~ warmoSobas ukavSireben sabWoTa kavSirSi Sroma-
gasworebiTi banakebis mTavari sammarTvelos (ГУЛАГ)
Seqmnas 1930 wels.42 Sroma-gasworebiT banakebSi, SromiT
dasaxlebebsa da sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi,
adamianTa uzarmazari masebis gamo warmoiSva TviTor-
ganizaciisa da marTvis problemebi. Sroma-gasworebiTi
banakebis idea i. stalins 1927 wels TurqeTidan gamo-
sulma ebraelma saqmosanma naftali aronis Ze frenkel-
ma SesTavaza.43 aRniSnuli banakebis meSveobiT SesaZle-
beli iyo patimrebis, rogorc iafi muSaxelis gamoyene-
ba, rasac im droisTvis, susti ekonomikis mqone sabWoTa
saxelmwifosTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda.44
`saxelmwifo represiul manqanasa da `kanonieri qur-
debis~ struqturas Soris pragmatuli simbiozi damyar-
da, rac saSualebas iZleoda, erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad
gazrdiliyo `gulagSi~ msjavrdebulTa ZiriTadi masis
eqspluataciis efeqturoba, xolo meore mxriv, krimina-
lebi gansazRvruli tradiciebisa da wesebis CarCoebSi
yolodaT, rac bunebrivad SezRudavda maTs Zalaufle-
basa da raodenobas. saxelmwifosa da qurdebs Soris es
damokidebuleba ar atarebda TanamSromlobis xasiaTs
da SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc iZulebiTi Tanaarse-
boba. xelisufleba, rodesac aucilebeli iyo, Tvals
xuWavda banakebSi qurdebis privilegirebulobaze,
radgan isini sxva patimrebs aiZulebdnen ukeT emuSavaT
gegmis Sesasruleblad.45~
42
termini rusul enaze ganimarteba rogorc: Главное управле-
ние исправительно-трудовых лагерей, трудовых поселений и мест за-
ключения - ГУЛАГ
43
ix. Уголовная империя. Воры в загоне. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/
crime_kingdom.htm
44
ix. ГУЛАГ http://www.memo.ru/history/nkvd/gulag/index.htm
45
ix. g. Rlonti, g. lobJaniZe, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-
510
`kanonieri qurdebis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom isini organizebuli danaSaulobis mxolod Semad-
genel nawils ki ar warmoadgenen, aramed isini organi-
zebuli danaSaulobis winamZRolebi da ideuri sulis-
Camdgmelebi arian~46
kriminaluri organizacia arnaxuli siswrafiT vi-

Tardeboda da ukve 40-50-ian wlebSi e.w. `kanonieri
qurdebis~ raodenobam aTass gadaaWarba, Tu gaviTval-
iswinebT maT garemocvasac e.w. `blatianebs~ (блатные),
saubaria daaxloebiT 40-50 aTass adamianze.47 sabWoTa
xelisuflebas danaSaulebrivi samyaros èlitis~
esoden swrafi zrda safrTxisSemcvelad moeCvena,
Tanac e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~ sakuTari interesebis
Sesabamisad gamoyenebis pragmatuli elementi aRar ar-
sebobda, radganac aRniSnul periodSi msjavrdebulTa
Sroma ararentabelurobiT xasiaTdeboda. sabWoTa xe-
lisuflebam gadawyvita Seesustebina e.w. `kanonieri
qurdebis~ rigebi. sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebeb-
is administracia cdilobda cixis kriminalur elitaSi
gadamwyveti sityva misTvis sasurvel qurdebs eTqva, am-
itom daiwyo administraciisa da qurdebis erTi nawilis
e.w. TanamSromloba.48 qurdebis im nawils, romelic
administraciasTan TanamSromlobda, `kanonieri qur-
debis~ winaaRmdeg `poloneli qurdebi~ (Польские воры)
uwodes, anu qurdebi, romlebmac cxovrebis swor wess
gadauxvies.49 `poloneli qurdebis~ garda meore
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, gv. 112-113

46
ix. Криминология. Учебник для вузов. Под общ. ред. д.ю.н. проф.
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 694.
47
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_v_e.htm#Вор,%20вор%20в%20законе
48
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_p_r.htm
49
poloneli qurdebis cneba warmoiSva im periodidan, rode-
sac poloneTi Sedioda ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi.
kriminaluri miTologia qurduli Rirebulebebis gaufa-
511
msoflio omis Semdeg sasjelaRsrulebiT daweseb-
ulebeSi gamoCndnen e.w. `meavtomateebi~ (автоматчики). es
ukanasknelni msjavrdebulTa is kategoriaa, romlebsac
sabWoTa xelisufleba samamulo omSi brZolis safasur-
ad sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebas dahpirda, magram omis
damTavrebis Semdeg isev sasjelaRsrulebiT daweseb-
ulebebSi Seabruna. qurduli kanonis gadaxvevisTvis,
(qurduli kanonis mixedviT xelisuflebasTan TanamS-
romloba akrZalulia) `meavtomateebs~ `kanonieri qur-
debi~ daupirispirdnen.50
1940-iani wlebis bolodan, kriminalebs Soris daiwyo

brZola gavlenis mosapoveblad da saerTo qurduli
salaros (Общак)51 xelSi Casagdebad. aRniSnuli da-
surebas poloneli qurdebis saqmianobas ukavSirebs. polo-

nel qurdebSi moiazreben sam kategorias: 1. qurdebi, rom-
lebmac cxovrebis `swor~ wess gadauxvies; 2. profesionali
qurdebi, romlebic ar erTiandebodnen aranair dajgufebeb-
Si. 3. `gaZuknebuli qurdebi~ e.i. qurdebi, romlebic adminis-
traciasTan TanamSromlobaze wavidnen da misi xelSewyobiT
`kanonier qurdebs~ ebrZvian.
50
ix. Я. Костюковский. История российской организованной преступ-
51
saerTo qurduli salaro (Общак) warmoadgens kriminal-
uri saxsrebis Tavisebur banks, romlis daniSnuleba Tavda-
pirvelad iyo qurduli Sekrebebis mowyobis dafinanseba;
patimrobaSi, an mimalvaSi myofi kriminalebis ojaxebisT-
vis finansuri daxmarebis gaweva; Tanamdebobis (ZiriTadad
samarTaldamcavi) pirebis mosyidva; kriminaluri liderebis
Senaxva Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi; qmeduunaro dam-
saxurebuli kriminalebis finansuri daxmareba da a.S. (am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ixileT Костоев И. М.,
Викторов В. Е. Россия: преступный мир. OCR Палек, 1998 г.)
arsebobs monacemebi, rom saerTo qurduli salaros Tanxebi
dRes legalur ekonomikaSi ideba, kerZod sastumroebSi, sa-
TamaSo biznesSi, sabanko sistemis ganviTarebaSi da a.S. anu
kriminaluri organizacia finansuri aqtivebis legalizaciis
512
pirispireba cnobilia rogorc `Zuknebisa da qurdebis
omi~52, igive `Zuknebis omi~ (сучья война).53
aRniSnul brZolas sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvelanairad

aqezebda da xels uwyobda. `Zuknebis omis~ Sedegad 1960-
iani wlebis dasawyisSi kriminaluri elitis didi nawili
ganadgurda. `Zuknebis omi~, tradiciebze myarad mdgomi
kanonieri qurdebis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. sabWoTa
xelisufleba miRweuli SedegiT ar dakmayofilda da
gadarCenili qurdebis gasanadgureblad saintereso
xerxs mimarTa. 1956 wels sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-m Ca-
moayaliba e.w. eqsperimentuli banaki (salikamskis #6
kolonia)54, sadac Tavi mouyares yvela `kanonier qurds~
erTad. mcire xnis Semdeg Zalauflebis moyvarulma
`kanonierma qurdebma~ gavlenis mosapoveblad daiwyes
erTmaneTis `Wama~. sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebis
administracia yvelanairad aqezebda da aRvivebda kon-
fliqts. `Zuknebis omis~ Semdeg cocxlad gadarCenilma
e.w. `kanonierma qurdebma~ erTmaneTi gaanadgures. sax-
elmwifo manqana SeCerda 1950-iani wlebis bolos, rode-
sac 1930-iani wlebis monacemebTan SedarebiT `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ sami procenti darCa cocxali.55 1960-
iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-s xelmZ-
Rvanelobam ganacxada, rom `sabolood ganadgurda
danaSaulebrivi organizacia da qurduli wes-Cveule-
bebi.~ realurad aRniSnulma wes-Cveulebebma oci wlis
gzas adgas. Y
52
«Сучья» война, http://shalamov.ru/library/6/6.html
53
termini `Zukna~-Si (Сука) moiazreba: 1. qurdi, romelmac dar-
Rvia qurduli kanoni. 2. gatexili qurdi, an blatiani, romel-
ic sasjelaRsrulebiT administraciasTan TanamSromlobaze
wavida. dawvrilebiT ix:L http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_s_kon.htm
54
aRniSnul kolonias araoficialurad `TeTr gedsac~ uwo-
debdnen, moqmedebda 1980-ian wlebamde.
55
ix. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/crime_kingdom.htm
513
ganmavlobaSi iatakqveSeTSi gadainacvles. qurduli
organizacia sakuTari rigebis ganaxlebas cdilobda.
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi gadarCenilma
avtoritetebma daiwyes Tavis garSemo axali saxeebis
(Фраер)56 Semokreba, im xalxis romlebmad `Zuknebis
omis~ dros `kanonieri qurdebis~ mxare daiWira da amiT
ndoba moipova.57
1980-iani wlebis dasawyisidan sabWoTa totalitaruli

kontrolis Sesustebas qurduli organizaciis gamo-
cocxleba mohyva. aucilebelia aRiniSnos is mizez-
faqtorebi, romlebmac ganapirobes sabWoTa kavSiris
rRvevis periodSi organizebuli danaSaulobis axali
mZlavri talRis Camoyalibeba. sayofacxovrebo sag-
nebze mwvave deficitis, moTxovnilebebis zrdis, geg-
miuri ekonomikis da sxva garemoebebis gamo, Tanda-
TanobiT didi gasaqani hpova Crdilovanma, anu parale-
lurma ekonomikam, romelic 1980-iani wlebis bolos
materialuri warmoebis 80% Seadgenda.58 daiwyo iat-
akqveSa saamqroebis e.w. `cexebis~ periodi. saxalxo war-
moebaSi gaxSirda miTviseba-gaflangvis faqtebi, imata
ekonomikuri danaSaulebisTvis gasamarTlebul pirTa
raodenobam. paralelurad imata Tanamdebobrivi dana-
Saulobis donemac, radganac saxelmwifo da partiuli
nomenklaturis warmomadgenlebi pirdapir Tu iribad
kavSirSi aRmoCndnen Crdilovan SemosavlebTan. 80-
iani wlebis bolodan yalibdeba mWidro kavSirebi Cr-
dilovani ekonomikis warmomadgenlebs, korumpirebul
56
terminiT `fraeri~-T (Фраер) moixsenieben pirs romelsac qur-
dul samyarosTan kavSiri ar hqonia. igive datvirTva aqvs termin
`лох~-s. dawvrilebiT ix:L http://www.aferizm.ru/jargon/sl_s_kon.htm
57
ix. Кучинский А. Тюремная энциклопедия, Послевоенные годы.
http://www.drink.dax.ru/turma/turem_45.shtml
58
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 236.
514
saxelmwifo Cinovnikebsa da e.w. `kanonier qurdebs~
Soris. 1970-iani wlebis bolos Catarda e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ sakavSiro Sekreba (Сходняк)59, romelSic
monawileoba miiRes Crdilovani ekonomikis warmomad-
genlebma. aRniSnul Sekrebaze daido SeTanxmeba, rom
danaSaulebrivi samyaros mxridan usafrTxoebis ga-
rantiebis sanacvlod, iatakqveSa mewarmeebs (цеховики),
saerTo qurdul salaroSi (общак) unda SeetanaT moge-
bis 10%, sanacvlod qurduli organizacia pasuxismge-
blobas iRebda danaSaulebrivi samyaros mxridan maT
usafrTxoebaze.60 amgvarad, 1970-iani wlebis bolos da
1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, organizebuli danaSaulo-
ba garkveulwilad akontrolebda Crdilovan ekonomi-
kas. tradiciad iqca `qurdebis wilis gadaxda~. sab-
WoTa kavSiris daSlisa sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi,
guSindeli ekonomikuri damnaSaveebi warmatebul bi-
znesmenebad iqcnen, Crdilovani ekonomika legalize-
buli iqna, magram sabazro ekonomika CanasaxSive ganic-
dida organizebuli danaSaulobis gavlenas. guSindeli
`cexoviki~ da dRevandeli `mewarme~, xSir SemTxvevebSi
erTi da igive pirovneba iyo, romelic Tavisi saqmiano-
bis dasawyisidanve `Ralas~ uxdida `kanonier qurdebs~.
1980-iani wlebis bolodan fiqsirdeba `politikosebis
kriminalizacia da kriminalebis politizacia~. bevri
politikosi mixvda, rom igi SeiZleba aRmoCeniliyo
cariel-tarieli, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, ami-
tom daiwyes brZola `swrafi da didi fulisTvis~, rac
59
Сходняк, Sekreba, aris `kanonieri qurdebis~ saTaTbiro
organo, sadac iReben yvela mniSvnelovan gadawyvetile-
bas, dawyebuli `qurdad kurTxevidan~, damTavrebuli
konfliqtebis gadawyvetiT da qurduli tradicie-
bis damrRvevebis gasamarTlebiT. ix:. ww.prison.org/nravy/
dictionary/s.htm
60
ix. Костюковский. Я. История российской организованной преступ-
ности. www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online/12.html
515
umravles SemTxvevaSi kriminalur xasiaTs Rebulobda.61
organizebuli danaSauloba ki Tavis mxriv cdilobda

SeeRwia xelisuflebaSi. aRniSnul periodSi didi cv-
lilebebi ganicada e.w. `qurdulma kanonmac~, axali
Taobis kriminalebi cdilobdnen moergoT igi Taviaan-
Ti interesebisTvis. `qurduli kanoni~ Tavdapirveli
saxiT krZalavda politikaSi monawileobas da saxelm-
wifo samsaxurSi yofnas, Tumca mogvianebiT aRniSnuli
akrZalva Serbilda. saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan kav-
Siri dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli qurduli organizaciis
usafrTxoebis garantiebis uzrunvelyofis, finansuri
mogebis miRebis da Zalauflebis mopovebis interesi-
dan gamomdinare. zogierTi monacemebiT `1999 wels ru-
seTis saxelmwifo `dumaSi~ arCeuli 450 deputatidan
93 samarTaldamcavi organoebis da specsamsaxurebis
operatiul damuSavebaSi imyofeboda.~62 arsebobs sxva
monacemebic, romelTa mixedviTac ruseTis saxelmwifo
dumaSi 2001 wlisTvis sami `kanonieri qurdi~ da Svidi
àvtoriteti~ imyofeboda.63 kriminalebis politiza-
ciis magaliTebi bevria rogorc ruseTis federaciaSi
iseve postsabWoeTis sxva respublikebSi. kriminaluri
avtoritetebi saqarTvelos uaxlesi politikuri isto-
riisTvisac ar warmoadgenda ucxo Temas. 90-ian wlebSi
saqarTvelo kriminaluri avtoritetebis did zegavle-
nas ganicdida. qveynis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela mimar-
TulebaSi kriminaluri organizaciis didi gavlena
igrZnoboda.
61
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 245.
62
ix. Брсоян В. А. Крюков. А. А. Уголовно-правовые меры борьбы с ор-
ганизованной преступностью. Сибирский Юридический Вестник. 2004.
№3. http://web1.law.edu.ru/magazine/sibvestnik/article.asp?magNum=3&m
agYear=2004&articleID=1183199
63
ix. Воры в законе” пишут законы? “Новая газета”, 17.09.2001,
http://2001.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2001/67n/n67n-s35.shtml
516
kriminologebis TqmiT, rTulia imis gansazRvra moigo
Tu ara rame saxelmwifom 1960-ian wlebSi e.w. `kanon-
ieri qurdebis~ ganadgurebiT, radganac Zveli Taobis
qurdebi TavianT SexedulebebSi gacilebiT konserva-
tiulebi iyvnen, itandnen saxelmwifo mxridan zewolas.
(myarni iyvnen Rirebulebebis, tradiciebis sakiTxSi.
iqceodnen `qurduli kanonis~ Sesabamisad da ar axdend-
nen aRniSnuli normebis interpretirebas saWiroebis
mixedviT. aqedan gamomdinare, maTze saxelmwifo kon-
trolis ganxorcieleba gacilebiT martivi iyo. SeniS.
Cvenia _ g.g.) kriminaluri avtoritetebis axali Taoba
ufro metad aqcents akeTebs Zaladobaze, xSirad ar-
Rvevs qurdul kanons64 da a.S.
organizebuli danaSauloba sabWoTa periodSi ar Semoi-

fargleboda konkretuli mokavSire respublikis saz-
RvrebiT. igi erTian sakavSiro xasiaTs atarebda. orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis erTiani sakavSiro ìnstitu-
tis~ Seqmnas, Cveni azriT, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, xeli
Seuwyo sabWoTa penitencialurma sistemamac, radganac
erTi mokavSire respublikis moqalaqe sasjels ixdida
meore mokavSire respubilikis sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebaSi da piriqiT. sabWoTa penitenciluri
sistemis aRniSnuli Tvisebis gamo, sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebebSi mWidro kavSirebi yalibdeboda sxva-
dasxva mokavSire respublikebis kriminalebs Soris. e.w.
`kanonieri qurdebis~ kriminaluri organizaciac er-
Tian sakavSiro xasiaTs atarebda. tardeboda erTiani
sakavSiro Sekrebebi, sadac kriminalebi gavlenis sf-
eroebs inawilebdnen, wyvetdnen gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovan davebs, ganixilavdnen samomavlo moqmedebis
gegmebs, atarebdnen e.w. `kanonier qurdebad~ kurTx-
evis ceremoniebs. sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdgom,
64
ix. Костюковский. Я., dasax. naSromi.
517
amgvarma Sekrebebma ufro sistematuri xasiaTi miiRo.
`1989-92 wlebSi 26 Sekreba Catarda, 1993 wels daaxloe-
biT 100, 1994 wels _ aranakleb 413. maT muSaobaSi daax-
loebiT 6 656 kaci monawileobda, maT ricxvSi, daaxloe-
biT 1 210 avtoriteti, maT Soris 223 `kanonieri qurdi~
iyo. es garemoeba danaSaulebrivi samyaros konsolida-
ciaze miuTiTebs.~65
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, postsabWouri sivrcis

organizebuli danaSaulobis erTianoba kvlav SenarCun-
da. amis dasturia agreTve, erTi saxelmwifos moqalaqe-
obis mqone kriminaluri avtoritetebis e.w. `moRvaweo-
ba~ meore saxelmwifoSi. kriminaluri kavSirebi sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ar darRveula. piriqiT, aRniS-
nuli kavSirebi gaRrmavda da axal politikur-ekonomi-
kur viTarebas moergo. 1990-ian wlebSi organizebulma
danaSaulobam postsabWouri saxelmwifoebis xelisu-
flebis yvela StoSi SeaRwia. igi akontrolebda post-
sabWouri sivrcis ekonomikis did nawils, safrTxis qveS
daayena TviTon saxelmwifoebriobis idea da cdilobda
sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, axlad warmoqmnil
erovnul saxelmwifoebze kontroli moepovebina.
65
ix. Rlonti g, lobJaniZe g., kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004. gv. 131.
518
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§ 3. kriminaluri subkultura da Tanamedrove

qarTuli sazogadoeba
kriminalur subkulturaSi66 moiazreba `krimi-

nalur organizaciebSi gawevrianebuli damnaSaveebis
cxovrebis wesi, qcevis normebi, wes-Cveulebebi. aso-
cialuri jgufebi xasiaTdebian degradirebuli moral-
uri normebiT, sisastikiT, iseTi adamianuri Tvisebebis
dakargviT rogoricaa sibraluli, TanagrZnobada a.S.~67
xSirad, yvelaferi uaryofiTi iniRbeba cru samar-
TlianobiT, megobrebisadmi erTgulebiT. kriminal-
uri jgufebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia jgufSi dadge-
nili wesebis ganuxreli Sesruleba, jgufis wevri, ro-
melic gadauxvevs tradiciul normebs isjeba mkacrad,
zogjer sastikad.68
sabWoTa periodis bolos da misi daSlis Semdgom

pirvel wlebSi, cenzuris ar arsebobis da mcdarad
gagebuli Tavisuflebis pirobebSi, kriminalurma sub-
kulturam didi gasaqani hpova qarTul sazogadoebaSi.
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Cveulebad iqca kriminaluri
Jargoni, `qurduli~ Rirebulebebi. `SeiniSneba da-
naSaulebrivi ideologiis farTo da mizanmimarTuli
66
subkultura aris sazogadoebrivi kulturis avtonomiuri,
Semadgeneli nawili. igi SeiZleba zogierT SemTxvevaSi gansx-
vavdebodes an ewinaaRmdegebodes kulturis zogad normebs.
subkulturaSi SeiZleba moiazrebodes qcevis gansxvavebuli
normebi, ena, aRmsarebloba, rwmena, Cacmuloba da a.S.
67
ix. Александров Ю.К. Очерки криминальной субкультуры. М.: Права
человека, 2002. c. 3
68
ix. Александров Ю.К. iqve.
519
danergva sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi.~69 qurduli or-
ganizacia mondomebiT cdilobs Seitanos sazogadoe-
baSi Tavisi wes-Cveulebebi, Jargoni, agitacia-propa-
ganda gauwios e.w. `qurdul kanons~. kvazisamarTliano-
biT wyvets moqalaqeebs Soris davebs da a.S. qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis pirvel etapze samarTaldamcav
organoebSi gamefebulma korufciam, sakanonmdeblo
bazis sisustem, saxelmwifos uunarobam daereguli-
rebina sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sfero, krimi-
naluri subkulturis didi gavrceleba gamoiwvia, gan-
sakuTrebiT axalgazrdobaSi. qarTul sazogadoebaSi
TandaTanobiT iSleboda zRvari marTlzomiersa da da-
naSaulebrivs, zneobrivsa da amoralurs, dasaSvebsa da
dauSvebels Soris.
saqarTveloSi e.w. `qurduli subkulturis~ farTo

gavrcelebaze metyvelebs TviTon qarTuli warmoSo-
bis `kanonieri qurdebis~ procentuli simravle sab-
WoTa kavSiris farglebSi, rogorc aRniSnuli saxelm-
wifos arsebobis dros, agreTve misi rRvevis Semdegac.
zogierTi monacemebiT 1995 wlisTvis yofili sabWoTa
kavSiris teritoriaze kanonieri qurdebis 33% Sead-
gendnen rusebi, 31%-qarTvelebi, 8%-s somxebi, 5%-
azerbaijanelebi da 22%-sxva danarCenebi.70 Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxobriv sim-
cires, postsabWoeTis `kanonieri qurdebis~ 31% mar-
Tlac uzarmazari maCvenebelia.
danaSaulebrivi subkultura cdilobda, gamoenaxa

dasayrdeni qarTul xasiaTSi da kvazisamarTlianobas
amofarebuls daepyro igi. samarTlianobis problema
69
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002. с. 245.
70
ix. Костюковский Я. История российской организованной преступ-
520
qarTuli azrovnebisTvis metad aqtualuria. istoriu-
li qartexilebis dros saqarTvelos marTavdnen ucxo
dampyroblebi da isini TavianT qcevis wesebs uwesebd-
nen qarTul sazogadoebas. `marTali samarTlis qmna~
yovelTvis mniSvnelovani iyo qarTvelisTvis. samar-
TlianobisTvis, sikeTisTvis brZolis moTxovnileba
qarTul sulierebaSi wminda giorgis mniSvnelovani
adgiliTac gamoixateba. usamarTlo kanonis darRveva
da samarTlianad moqceva saqarTveloSi vaJkacobadaa
miCneuli. xalxur leqsSi, arsena oZelaSvilze, moce-
mulia fraza: `mdidars arTmevs, Raribs aZlevs, Rmer-
Ti rogor waaxdensa~, romelic samarTlianobis for-
muladaa miCneuli. batonisTvis, romelic glexebis
Sromis xarjze mdidrdeba, TavisiT araferi Seuqmnia,
aRniSnuli simdidris warTmeva da RaribebisTvis misi
dabruneba marTlac samarTliania. kanoni icavs mdi-
dars, mis simdidres, arsena arTmevs mdidars, e.i. ar-
Rvevs kanons, magram igi usamarTlo kanons arRvevs.
qarTul cnobierebaSi usamarTlo kanonis aramarto
darRveva SeiZleba, aramed aseTi darRveva saqebari da
misabaZicaa. problema imaSia, rom samarTlianobis for-
mulad miCneul zemomoyvanil frazaSi dakonkretebuli
ar aris mdidars simdidre patiosani SromiT aqvs mop-
oveuli Tu ara. igulisxmeba, rom aRniSnuli simdidre
usamarTlodaa mopovebuli, magram Tu davuSvebT, rom
mdidars, romelsac arsena arTmevs, simdidre Tavisi
patiosani SromiT aqvs mopovebuli, xolo Raribi imi-
tom aris Raribi, rom igi zarmacia da usaqmuri, ezareba
Sroma, maSin samarTlianobis formula usamarTlobis
gamovlinebad gadaiqceva. zemomoyvanili magaliTis ms-
gavsad kriminaluri subkultura samarTlianobis say-
ovelTaod miRebul formulebs xSirad iyenebda usa-
marTlo qmedebebis gasamarTleblad. samarTlianobis
formulis qveS ido iseTi Sinaarsis qmedeba, romelic
521
usamarTlobis gamovlinebas warmoadgenda. am movlenas
Cven `kvazisamarTlianobas~ vuwodebT.
gustav le boni genialur naSromSi èrebis da masebis

fsiqologia~ wers: civilizaciebi gamomdinareoben
pirvel rigSi erebis xasiaTidan, e.i. maTi memkvidreu-
li grZnobebidan. aRniSuli memkvidreuli grZnobebi
xasiaTdebian didi simyariT, magram isini SeiZleba Se-
icvalon garkveuli faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT. aRniS-
nul faqtorTagan erT-erTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT
ideis gavlena.
rodesac garkveuli periodis WoWmanis, cvalebadobis

da propagandis Semdeg, romelime idea miiRebs garkveul
formas da SeaRwevs masebis cnobierebaSi, igi warmoqm-
nis dogmats. e.i. erT-erT im absolitur WeSmaritebas,
romelic udaoa.71
samarTlianobis problema yovelTvis awuxebda qarTul

cnobierebas, amitomaa, borotebasTan mebrZoli sax-
eebiT mdidaria mxatvruli literatura da xalxuri
folklori. qarTulma azrovnebam arsena oZelaSvilT-
an erTad daTa TuTaSxias, arsena marabdelis, kako yaC-
aRis mxatvruli saxeebi Seqmna. isini arRvevdnen kanons,
magram es kanoni usamarTlo iyo. organizebuli dana-
Sauloba mixvda, rom samarTlianobis gancda qarTuli
cnobierebis umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba iyo da kvazisa-
marTlianobas amofarebuli kriminaluri subkultura
cdilobda damkvidrebuliyo qarTul cnobierebaSi.
`qurduli organizacia~ cdilobda samarTlianobis
miseul ideas SeeRwia masebis fsiqologiaSi da damkvi-
drebuliyo dogmatis saxiT.
71
ix. Гюстав Ле Бон. Психология народов и масс. СПб, 1896. c. 26-30.
522
organizebuli danaSaulobis mamamTavrebma, SesaniSna-
vad gamoiyenes sabWoTa saxelmwifos arsebobis bolo
wlebSi da misi rRvevis Semdgom periodSi, saxelisu-
flebo wreebSi da samarTaldamcav sistemaSi gamefe-
buli korufcia, sazogadoebaSi gamefebuli usamarT-
lobis da daucvelobis gancda, kanonieri ukanonobis
pirobebi da aqtiurad daiwyes danaSaulebrivi subkul-
turis danergva sazogadoebaSi.
cnobilia, rom Tu saxelmwifo ver arTmevs Tavs konkre-

tul sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis daregulirebas, sa-
zogadoeba TviTon cdilobs gamonaxos aRniSnuli urT-
ierTobis daregulirebis gzebi. saxelmwifo marTlmsa-
julebis mimarT undoblobiT ganwyobili sazogadoebis
sxvadasxva fenis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac krimin-
alTan Sexeba SeiZleba adre arasdros hqoniaT, _ ese-
ni iyvnen mecnierebi, muSa-mosamsaxureebi da sxvani, _
TaviaanTi problemebis samarTlianad gadaWris imediT
`kanonier qurdebs~ mimarTavdnen. `kanonieri qurdis~
mier gamotanili `ganaCeni~ aucileblad unda aRsrule-
buliyo. urCi sastikad isjeboda. realurad saxelmwi-
foSi iqmneboda `saxelmwifo~, Tavisi qcevis normebiT,
`sasamarTloTi~, da iZulebiTi aparatiT.
kriminaluri subkulturis gavrcelebis mniSvnelovan

xelSemwyob faqtorad SeiZleba miviCnioT sabWoTa da
postsabWouri periodis sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawese-
bulebebi, agreTve sasjelis moxdis Semdeg saxelm-
wifo struqturebis da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba
sasjelmoxdili pirebis mimarT.sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebaSi SemTxveviT moxvedrili pirebi, rom-
lebic danaSaulis Cadenamde ar warmoadgendnen e.w.
`blatianebs~ da ar iyvnen kriminaluri ideebis gulSe-
matkivrebi, sasjelis moxdis periodSi, an mis Semdeg
523
cdilobdnen danaSaulebriv samyarosTan daaxloebas.
sasjelis moxdis periodSi maTze zegavlenas axdend-
nen e.w. dauwereli cixis kanonebiT, romelTac nebis-
mieri patimari unda damorCileboda, raTa cixeSi sxva
patimrebTan Tanacxovreba, sakuTari adgilis mopoveba
SesZleboda.
rac Seexeba kriminaluri subkulturis gavrcelebis

xelSemwyob sasjelis moxdis Semdgom periods, warsul-
Si Tavisufleba aRkveTili pirebis erTi nawili miiCnev-
da Tavs kriminaluri samyaros Semadgenel nawilad ara
mxolod imis gamo, rom maTze garkveuli zegavlena moax-
dina cixis kanonebma da im kriminalurma subkulturam
romelic cixeSi sufevda, aramed imanac, rom saxelm-
wifo da sazogadoeba maTgan gaucxoebuli aRmoCnda.
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi SemTxveviT moxve-

drili pirebi, romlebic sasjelis moxdamde ar iyvnen
kriminaluri ideebis matareblebi, e.w. `blatianebi~ da
ar warmoadgendnen qurduli samyaros wevrebs, anu e.w.
`SemTxveviTi damnaSaveebi~, sasjelis moxdis Semdeg aR-
moaCendnen xolme, rom saxelmwifo, sazogadoeba maT
eWvis TvaliT uyurebs, maTze aris da mTeli cxovreba
iqneba damnaSavis damRa da erTaderTi adgili sadac
Tavi SeuZlia igrZnon òjaxSi~ es aris zustad krimi-
naluri samyaro, romelic maT xelgaSlili elodeba.
aqedan gamomdinare, SemTxveviTi damnaSave, romelic
guSin sanimuSo, anda Cveulebrivi, saSualo moqalaqe
iyo, aRmoaCens, rom saxelmwifo struqturebSi, sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi misi adgili aRar darCa da erTad-
erTi wre, romelic mzadaa igi miiRos gakicxvis gareSe
kriminaluri samyaroa. amis Semdeg iwyeba kriminaluri
kavSirebis gaRrmaveba, axali kavSirebis gamoZebna da
òjaxSi~, anu danaSaulebriv samyaroSi sakuTari adgi-
lis damkvidrebisken swrafva, radganac sxvagan, lega-
524
lur samyaroSi, TviTrealizaciis SesaZleblobebi mini-
mumamdea dayvanili.
SemTxveviTi damnaSavis resocializaciis problema
Zireulad gansxvavdeba profesionali an organizebuli
damnaSavis resocializaciis specifikisgan da gansa-
kuTrebulad faqiz midgomas saWiroebs. SemTxveviTi
damnaSavis mimarT saxelmwifom da sazogadoebam meti
humanuroba unda gamoiCinos, raTa aRniSnuli pirebi
isev sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo ferxulSi Caeban da
ar igrZnon Tavi gariyulebad im wridan, im ideebidan,
romelTac Tavis droze msaxurobdnen da sworad mi-
aCndaT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifoebrivi
ideisgan ar SeiZleba gaucxoebuli iqnes is adamianebi,
romlebmac ara kriminaluri profesionalizaciis, ar-
amed SemTxvevis gamo gadakveTes kanonis zRvari. gan-
sxvavebiT profesionali an organizebuli damnaSavee-
bisgan pirebs, romlebic ar warmoadgenen kriminaluri
ideebis matareblebs, pirvelad Caidines danaSauli da
es danaSauli ar aris gansakuTrebiT mZime, unda hqon-
deT imis Sansi saxelmwifosgan, rom sasjelis moxdis
Semdeg SeeZloT saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv samsax-
urSi Cadgoma da arsebuli nasamarTloba ar iyos keTro-
vanis damRa, mTeli maTi darCenili cxovrebis manZilze.
gansxvavebul midgomas saWiroebs profesionali da or-

ganizebuli damnaSavis resocializacia. am SemTxvevaSi
Tundac ar iyos Cadenili gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSau-
li, saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba meti sifrTxiliT unda
moekidos danaSaulis Camdeni piris sakuTar wiaRSi dab-
runebas, misTvis ndobis gamocxadebas da socialurad
mniSvnelovani funqciebis dakisrebas. msgavsi katego-
riis damnaSaveebma ufro metad unda daamtkicon Tavi-
anTi gamosworeba da saxelmwifoebrivi ideebiT xelaxa-
li aRzrda, kriminalur subkulturaze uaris Tqma.
525
saxelmwifom da sazogadoebam kriminaluri samyaros
rigebisken ar unda ubiZgos Tundac kanonTan kon-
fliqtSi myof pirebs. piriqiT, aRniSnuli pirebis gamo-
sworebisTvis unda xdebodes saxelmwifoebrivi ideebis
propaganda da unda arsebobdes Sansi, rom warsulSi
sasjelmoxdili pirebi SeZleben daimkvidron Tavisi
adgili sazogadoebaSi, raTa maT ar gadawyviton TviT-
realizacia kriminaluri karieris mimarTulebiT. re-
socializaciis procesi ra Tqma unda gansxvavebuli
unda iyos SemTxveviTi damnaSavisa da organizebuli an
profesionali damnaSavisTvis, Tumca erTmniSvnelova-
nia, rom generaluri xazs warmoadgens aRniSnuli pire-
bisTvis imis realuri Sansis arseboba, rom mondomebis
SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo maT miiRebs, TviTrealizaciis
Sans miscems da ar gariyavs.
kriminaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg brZola pirvel rig-

Si albaT imaSi unda gamoixatos, rom rac SeiZleba nak-
lebi moqalaqis CaTreva SeZlos man Tavis rigebSi. gan-
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania axalgazrdobis ganrideba
kriminaluri subkulturisgan, rasac warmatebiT ax-
orcielebs am bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos xelisufleba.
mniSvnelovania kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi pirebis
dabruneba, saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis da azrovnebis
speqtrSi, maTTvis TviTrealizaciis realuri SesaZle-
blobebis micema, da kriminaluri, naxevrad miTologi-
uri, fsevdosamarTliani ideebis sruli dasamareba.
saxelmwifom unda miiRos SemTxveviT gzaacdenili saku-
Tari moqalaqeebi da ar unda gawiros isini kriminaluri
òjaxisTvis~, romelic xelgaSlili elodeba yovel
axal gariyuls, kriminaluri subkulturis yovel axal
msxverpls...
imis realuri Sansi, rom Cadenili danaSaulis miuxeda-
526
vad da gansakuTrebiT SemTxveviTi damnaSaveebisTvis,
saxelmwifo mzadaa gamoiCinos gulmowyaleba da miiRos
sakuTari gzaacdenili moqalaqeebi, misces maT TviT-
realizaciis SesaZlebloba sakuTar struqturebSi,
iyos gacilebiT humanuri da samarTliani vidre orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis sindikatebi, kriminaluri sa-
myarosa da misi subkulturisTvis adgils aRar tovebs.
kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi pirebis resocializaci-

is, kriminaluri subkulturis winaaRmdeg brZolis da
gzaacdenili moqalaqeebis saxelmwifosa da sazoga-
doebis wiaRSi dabrunebis miznebisTvis mniSvnelovnad
wingadadgmul nabijs warmoadgens saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis Tanamedrove politika, gansakuTrebiT
ganridebis axladdanergili instututi, saxelmwifo
braldebis diskreciis ufleba, saproceso SeTanxmebis
instituti72, bolo periodSi realurad amoqmedebuli
alternatiuli sasjelis saxeebi, magaliTad sazoga-
doebrivad sasargeblo Sroma da sxva samarTlebrivi
instrumentebi.
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
§ 4. saqarTvelos antiqurduli kanonmdebloba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ualternativo mdgomareoba-

Si imyofeboda 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, mas an unda
gamoeCina brZolis unari da SebrZoleboda organize-
bul danaSaulobas, romelic mis sxeulSi sakmaod myarad
iyo gamjdari, an uari unda eTqva saxelmwifoebriobaze
da kriminokratiad gadaqceuliyo. saqarTvelom or-
72
Tavis droze saproceso SeTanxmeba aRmoCnda erT-erTi
efeqturi meqanizmi italiaSi mafiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
527
ganizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis gza airCia, rad-
ganac sxva SemTxvevaSi igi Sewyvetda arsebobas, rogorc
demokratiuli respublika.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam, upirveles yovlisa orga-

nizebuli danaSaulobis ZiriTad birTvTan daiwyo br-
Zola, es ZiriTadi birTvi ki e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~
organizaciaa. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqss 2006 wlis 28 aprils daemata axali norma (2231-e
mux.) organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg, romelic
damTavrebul danaSaulad ganixilavs e.w. `kanonier qur-
dobas~, an qurduli samyaros wevrobas. sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi regulirebis garda, kanonmdebelma 2005 wlis
20 dekembers Seqmna specialuri kanoni òrganizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~, sadac detalurad gai-
wera organizebul danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli cnebebi
da ganisazRvra pasuxismgebel pirTa normis regulaci-
is sfero. postsabWour sivrceSi saqarTvelom pirvel-
ma miiRo antiqurduli kanonmdebloba, rac uciloblad
progresul nabijad unda CaiTvalos.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 2231-e mux-

li detalurad ar ganmartavs kanonieri qurdobisa da
qurduli samyaros wevrobis obieqtur mxares. aRniS-
nuli qmedebebis Sinaarsis dasadgenad unda mivmarToT
saqarTvelos kanons òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da re-
ketis Sesaxeb~. kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba erTi SexedviT dafuZnebulia
organizebuli jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis principze,
banditizmis, teroristuli organizaciis da sxva da-
naSaulebis msgavsad, Tumca am ukanasknelTagan gansx-
vavebiT kanonma òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~, kanonieri qurdobisa da qurduli samyaros
wevrobisaTvis, jgufis wevrobasTan erTad sisxliss-
528
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlad savaldebu-
lod gansazRvra garkveuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba.
kanonieri qurdobis obieqturi mxare gamoixateba orga-
nizaciis wevrobaSi, kerZod kanonieri qurdi unda iyos
qurduli samyaros wevri. qurduli organizaciisadmi
kuTvnilebis garda kanonieri qurdi qurduli samyaros
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad unda warmarTvdes an/
da organizebas uwevdes qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs. rogorc vxedavT, òrganizebuli da-
naSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ kanonis moTxovnis Sesa-
bamisad, kanonieri qurdobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis da-
sakisreblad saxeze unda iyos ori komponenti: pirveli,
is rom piri unda warmoadgendes qurduli samyaros
wevrs da meore, unda warmarTavdes an/da organizebas
uwevdes qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba ufro rTuli
samarTlebrivi komponentebis arsebobas moiTxovs, vi-
dre bandis an teroristuli organizaciis xelmZRvane-
lis pasuxismgebloba, radganac imis garda, rom bral-
debam unda daadginos piris kuTvnileba qurduli orga-
nizaciisadmi, unda dadgindes agreTve isic, rom xdebo-
da pirTa garkveuli jgufis marTva an/da organizeba.
socialur sinamdvileSi kanonieri qurdis terminis

gamoyenebam gamoiwvia is, rom aRniSnuli termini norma-
tiul aqtebSi damkvidrda. qurdoba ar SeiZleba iyos im-
avdroulad kanonieri, es ori iuridiulad urTierTga-
momricxavi cnebebia, `gaumarTlebelia kodeqsSi kanon-
iereba ukanonobis mniSvnelobiT iyos gamoyenebuli~73
amasTan, Tuki qurdoba danaSaulia, rogor SeiZleba
danaSauli iyos kanonieri. e.w. `kanonieri qurdis~ pa-
73
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, avtor. kol.
gamomcemloba `merediani~, Tb., 2006, gv. 452.
529
suximgeblobis garda ssk-is 177-e muxli iTvaliswinebs
qurdobas, rogorc `sxvisi moZravi nivTis farul
dauflebas marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT~.
logikuri TvalsazrisiT am or termins Soris is gansx-
vavebaa, rom Tu erTi `Cveulebrivi~ qurdobaa, meore
`kanonieri~ qurdobaa. Cveni azriT normaSi unda aisaxos,
rom cneba `kanonieri qurdoba~ aris fiqcia, konkretul
sociumSi miRebuli termini da amitom sasurvelia kan-
onSi Caiweros ara `kanonieri~, aramed è.w. kanonieri~.
kanonmdebelma `qurduli samyaro~ gansazRvra rogorc

`pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic moqmedebs maT mier
dadgenili/aRiarebuli specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad
da romlis mizania daSinebiT, muqariT, iZulebiT, dumi-
lis pirobebiT, qurduli garCevis gziT, danaSaulebriv
qmedebebSi arasrulwlovanTa CabmiT, danaSaulis Caden-
iT an danaSaulis Cadenisken waqezebiT, misi wevrebisT-
vis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba.~74 aRniSnuli
norma italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi aRwerili
`mafiozuri asociaciis~ msgavsia.75 `kanonieri qurdebi~
da ìtaliuri mafia~ organizebuli danaSaulobis sax-
eebia, romelTa Sorisac sakmao gansxvavebac arsebobs.76
pirvel rigSi aRniSnuli gansxvaveba Seexeba orga-
nizaciul struqturas. ìtaliuri mafia~ miekuTvneba
organizaciis patrimoniul models, romelic sisxliT-
naTesaobiT principzea agebuli da romlis saTaveSi
dgas `bosi~, igi rogorc wesi òjaxis~ an òjaxTa gaer-
Tianebebis~ erTpirovnuli mmarTvelia.77 rac Seexeba
74
ix. 2005 wlis saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb, mux. me-3.
75
dawvrilebiT ixileT zemoT.
76
ix. Транснациональная организованная преступность. Виды основ-
ных мировых организаций. www. crime.vl.ru
77
ix. Ianni. Kinship and Social Control in Organizd Crime. 1972. moyva-
nilia Howard Abadinsky. Organized Crime. Nelson-Hall publishers. Chi-
530
qurdul organizacias, igi sisxliTnaTesauri principis
mixedviT ar igeba da arc erTpirovnuli mmarTveli hy-
avs, igi warmoadgens `saZmos~ (Братва), romlis Sekrebe-
bze (Сходняк) xmis ufleba yvela wevrs gaaCnia da hori-
zontaluri mmarTvelobis nimuSs warmoadgens.78 meore
arsebiTi gansxvaveba am or danaSaulebriv organizacias
Soris, Sidaorganizaciul normebSia, romelTa mixedvi-
Tac warmoebuli maTi saqmianoba erTmaneTisgan sakmaod
gansxvavdeba.
organizebuli danaSaulobisa da reketis Sesaxeb kan-

onSi mocemul `qurduli samyaros~ iuridiuli defi-
niciasTan mimarTebaSi gvsurs gamovTqvaT ramodenime
mosazreba:
1. `qurduli samyaro~ _ kanonmdebelma aRniSnuli

termini gamoiyena im sociumis dasaxasiaTeblad,
romelic moqmedebs `maT mier dadgenili/aRiare-
buli specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis
mizania daSinebiT, muqariT, iZulebiT, dumilis pi-
robebiT, qurduli garCevis gziT. misi wevrebisTvis
an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba.~79 qurdebis
kriminaluri organizacia aris Cveulebrivi danaSau-
lebrivi dajgufeba da misi `samyaro~-Ti moxsenieba
ar migvaCnia mizanSewonilad. marTalia movlena xa-
siaTdeba farTo masStabebiT da qurdul sociumSi
arsebobs Sida qcevis wesebi, magram msgavsi struq-
tura gaaCnia nebismier kriminalur organizacias.
magaliTad Tu aviRebT italiuri mafias, aRniSnul
organizacias gaaCnia sakmaod mkacri Sinaganawesi,
cago. перевод с англ.-СПб.: Издателство С.-Петербургского университе-

та. 2002. c. 36. mixedviT.
78
ix. http://www.prison.org/nravy/dictionary/s.htm
79
ix. 2005 wlis saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb, mux. 3.
531
moralur-zneobrivi normebi, magram italiis sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonis 416-e `bis~ muxli mafiozuri
tipis asociaciis, anu dajgufebis cnebas adgens da
ara mafiozuri samyaros cnebas.80 msoflioSi arcer-
Ti qveynis sisxlis samarTali, arcerTi saerTaSor-
iso normatiuli aqti, organizebuli jgufis cnebis
gansazRvrisas ar xmarobs termins `samyaro~. termini
`samyaro~ metismet pativad migvaCnia organizebuli
jgufis dasaxasiaTeblad da danaSaulebrivi movle-
nis idealistur aspeqtSi gadawyvetisken miuTiTebs.
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gacilebiT ukeTesi iqne-
boda `qurduli samyaros~ nacvlad, SemogveRo ter-
mini `qurduli krminaluri organizacia~ an `qurdu-
li danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba~
2. `qurduli samyaros~ iuridiul cnebaSi amomwura-
vadaa CamoTvlili obieqturi mxaris elementebi.
organizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis msoflio
gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom iseTi rTuli movlenis
kriminalizaciisas, rogorc organizebuli danaSau-
lobaa, unda moveridoT xist definiciebs.
3. kanonSi organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Ses-
axeb mocemulia `qurduli samyaros~ konkretulad
gansazRvruli mizani, sargeblis miReba. gamodis,
rom Tu romelime konkretul SemTxvevaSi qurdul
organizacias sargeblis miRebis mizani ar gaaCnia,
igi aseTad ar CaiTvleba, rac ar migvaCnia marTe-
bulad. marTalia, organizebuli danaSaulobis
damaxasiaTebelia angarebiTi motivacia da sargeb-
lis miRebis mizani kriminaluri saqmianobidan, ma-
gram migvaCnia, rom kanonieri qurdebis SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnuli miznis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia
SezRudavs antiqurduli normebis regulirebis
sferos. qurduli organizaciis damaxasiaTebeli
80
dawvrilebiT ixileT zemoT.
532
niSinia is, rom isini fsevdosamarTlian ideebs da
fsevdosamarTlian Rirebulebebs amofarebulni
TavianT saqmianobaSi xSirad gamoricxaven angare-
biT motivacias. kanonieri qurdebis ganmartebiT
isini imitom arCeven saqmeebs qurduli wesebis Sesa-
bamisad, rom aRadginon samarTlianoba, saerTo qur-
duli salaros fuls imitom krefen, rom daexmaron
patimrobaSi myofebs da maTi ojaxis wevrebs da a.S.
qurduli organizacia marTlac, realurad angare-
biTi motivaciis mqonea, magram es imdenadaa SeniR-
buli kvazisamarTlianobis ideebiTa da qmedebebiT,
rom rTulia dadasturdes qurduli garCevis Sed-
egad konkretulad ra sargebeli miiRo organiza-
ciam. qurduli garCeva warmosaxulia imgvarad, rom
qurdulis samyaros wevris an kanonieri qurdis mier
qurduli wesebis mixedviT garCeva samarTlianobis
aRdgenas emsaxureba.
gaeros konvencia transnacionaluri organizebuli da-

naSaulis winaaRmdeg me-2 muxlSi savsebiT marTebulad
damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis erT-erT niSnad gan-
sazRvravs pirdapir an arapirdapir, finansuri an sxva
saxis materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizans. rogorc
zemoT aRvniSneT msgavsi mizani, ra Tqma unda, gaaCnia
qurdul organizaciasac, Tumca migvaCnia aRniSnuli
saxis miznis sakanonmdeblo reglamentacia problemebs
hqmnis braldebis mtkicebis sakiTxSi.
kanonieri qurdobis msgavsad, qurduli samyaros wev-

robis dasjadobis safuZvlad, kanonis Tanaxmad, jguf-
Si monawileobasTan erTad dadgenilia qurduli sam-
yaros miznebis misaRwevad aqtiuri moqmedebis ganx-
orcieleba. aqtiuri moqmedeba sasamarTlo praqtikis
mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT SeiZleba gamoixatos qurduli
garCevebis mowyobiT, e.w. qurduli saerTo salarosT-
533
vis fulis akrefiT da a.S. migvaCnia rom, sakanonmdeblo
doneze SesaZlebelia ukeTesad Camoyalibdes qurduli
samyaros wevris samarTlebrivi definicia,81 kerZod
umjobesi iqneba, organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgu-
fis wevris zogadi cnebidan amovideT82 da pirisTvis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasakis-
reblad sakmarisi safuZveli iyos mxolod qurdul
kriminalur organizaciaSi monawileoba, anu braldeba
valdebuli unda iyos daamtkicos mxolod piris kuT-
vnileba qurduli kriminaluri organizaciisadmi. rac
Seexeba kanonis Semdgom moTxovnebs: qurduli samyaros
aRiarebas da misi miznebis Sesabamisad aqtiur moqmede-
bas, migvaCnia, rom aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar warmoad-
gens arsebiT indikatorebs, ar asaxavs organizebuli
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi arsebul saerTa-
Soriso gamocdilebas da problemas qmnis braldebis
mtkicebis dros.
arsebuli samarTlebrivi definiciis SenarCunebis pi-

robebSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes Semdgom sakiTxe-
bze. pirveli, is rom qurduli samyaros wevria `nebis-
mieri piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros~. ras
niSnavs qurduli samyaros aRiareba? rogor unda gamox-
atos pirma qurduli samyaros aRiareba, ra formiT,
rom aRniSnulma sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvneloba
SeiZinos? sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisas davadgi-
neT, rom sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi miTiTe-
bulia qurduli samyaros aRiarebis Semdgomi formebi:
`subieqti cnobs da aRiarebs qurdul samyaros~; `subi-
eqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs qur-
81
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa
da reketis Sesaxeb. mux. me-3, naw. me-3.
82
ix. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mux. 27-e. naw.
me-4.
534
duli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras~; `subieqti cxovrobs
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad da
xels uwyobs aseTi wesebis gavrcelebas~; `subieqti geg-
mavs da awyobs specialur qurduli wesebiT saqmeebis
garCevas~. rogorc vxedavT kriminalur subkulturaSi
gavrcelebulma ASexedulebebma asaxva hpova oficialur
samarTlebriv dokumentebSi. imis magivrad, rom bral-
debam da sasamarTlom daadginos mxolod da mxolod
piris kuTvnileba kriminaluri organizaciisadmi ad-
gens imas, rom subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod
gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras an subi-
eqti cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis
Sesabamisad da a.S. ismis kiTxva samarTlebrivad ramde-
nad dasabuTebadia an/da gamarTulia piris cxovrebis
wesis kriminalurad an marTlzomierad Sefaseba. saer-
Tod miRebulia piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis
principi. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba sayovelTao
uflebaa, aRniSnuli daculia rogorc konstituciuri
ise sisxlis saproceso samarTlis fuZemdebluri prin-
cipebiT.
saqarTvelos sisxlis saproceso samarTlis me-4 mux-

lis 1-li nawilis mixedviT: `mosamarTle, prokurori,
gamomZiebeli da sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva
monawileebi valdebulni arian sisxlis samarTlis pro-
cesis yvela stadiaze daicvan procesis monawileTa
Rirseba da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba~, xolo
me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, romelic adgens sisxlis samarT-
lis procesSi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis prin-
cips: `gamoZiebis procesSi mxares ara aqvs ufleba,
TviTneburad da ukanonod Caerios sxvis pirad cxovre-
baSi. saproceso moqmedebis Camtarebelma ar unda gaam-
JRavnos cnobebi piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, aseve piradi
xasiaTis cnobebi, romelTa saidumlod dacvac pirs
saWirod miaCnia.~
535
sasamarTlo dokumentebSi motanilia fraza: `cxov-
robs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabam-
isad~. nebismier adamians SeuZlia icxovros ise rogorc
surs, ra wesebiTac surs, mTavaria man ar Caidinos da-
naSaulebrivi qmedeba. zogadad vfiqrobT gaumarTle-
belia Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba ki ar aris, aramed ama Tu im subieqtis piradi
cxovrebis wesi. sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi
aisaxa kriminaluri subkulturis is mniSvnelovani
debuleba, romelze dayrdnobiTac qurduli krimi-
naluri organizacia cdilobda sakuTari wevrebis da-
naSaulebrivi qmedebebi warmoedgina ara Cveulebriv
kriminalur saqmianobad, aramed piradi cxovrebis wes-
ad, rasac sxvaTa Soris kriminaluri TviTgamarTlebis
doqtrinac eyrdnoba. is rac, danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bis gasamarTleblad, kriminalurma subkulturam pi-
radi cxovrebis wesad mcdarad da yalbad warmoaCina,
sasamarTlo oficialur dokumentebSi aisaxa da es, ra
Tqma unda, ar unda CaiTvalos dadebiTad. sasamarTlo
dukumentebSi saubari unda iyos ara cxovrebis wesis
Taviseburebaze da dasjadobaze, aramed Cveulebrivi
kriminaluri qmedebis ganxorcielebaze, rac gamoix-
ateba qurdul danaSaulebriv organizaciaSi monaw-
ileobiT da im sxva akrZaluli qmedebebis CadeniT (mag-
aliTad qurduli garCeva) romelsac pirdapir iTval-
iswinebs kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb.
ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli dadgindes qurduli sam-

yaros specialuri wesebis mixedviT cxovrobs esa Tu is
adamiani, Tu zogadad kriminalia da kriminalurma sub-
kulturam mis pirovnebaSi myarad daisadgura? riTi
unda daadasturos braldebam, saidan aris SesaZle-
536
beli specialuri qurduli wesebis dadgena, raTa maTi
dadgenis Semdeg Seafasos am wesebiT cxovrobda piri
Tu ara? aRniSnuli amocana ra Tqma unda ganuxorciele-
belia, radganac TviTon qurduli kanoni dauwerelia,
amasTan samarTlebrivad rTulad dasasabuTebelia
da saSualo moqalaqisTvis, romelsac Sexeba ar hqonia
kriminalur samyarosTan, gaugebaria rogor SeiZleba
cxovreba qurduli wesebiT da riTi gansxvavdeba aRniS-
nuli cxovreba Cveulebrivi moqalaqis cxovrebisgan.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb

kanonis aRniSnuli debuleba, kerZod àRiarebs qur-
dul samyaros~, rogorc vxedavT problemebs qmnis
braldebis mtkicebis dros da organizebuli dana-
Saulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi warmatebul debulebad
ar unda CaiTvalos. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qurduli
samyaros aRiarebis nacvlad, braldebam unda daadas-
turos mxolod piris kuTvnileba organizebuli da-
naSaulebrivi jgufisadmi.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis

Tanaxmad qurduli samyaros aRiarebasTan erTad pirma
aqtiurad unda imoqmedos aRniSnuli samyaros miznebis
Sesabamisad. vfiqrobT àqtiuri moqmedebis~ cnebis ma-
givrad `qmedebis~ cneba ufro mizanSewonilia, radga-
nac gamodis, rom imas, vinc aqtiurad ar moqmedebs da
moqmedebs zomierad qurduli organizaciis wevrad ver
miviCnevT. qurduli samyaros wevris definicia, Cveni
azriT SeiZleba Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad: nebismieri
piri, romelic monawileobs qurdul organizaciaSi an/
da moqmedebs aRniSnuli organizaciis miznebis Sesa-
bamisad. piris qurduli organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebis
dadgenisas aucilebelia ormxrivi kavSiris gamokveTa,
rogorc wevris organizaciis mimarT, aseve organiza-
537
ciis kavSiri wevrTan. Tu aRniSnuli kavSiri ar dgindeba
piri qurduli samyaros wevrad ar unda CaiTvalos.
SemoTavazebuli definicia: nebismieri piri, romelic
monawileobs qurdul organizaciaSi an/da moqmedebs
aRniSnuli organizaciis miznebis Sesabamisad gaafar-
Toebs normis regulirebis sferos da pasuximgebel
subieqtTa wres:
1. danaSauli damTavrebuli iqneba qurduli orga-

nizaciis wevrobis momentidan, imis miuxedavad,
Caidina Tu ara pirma romelime konkretuli da-
naSauli. aRniSnuli debuleba savsebiT Seesabameba
ssk-is 27-e muxls, sadac miTiTebulia, rom òrgani-
zebuli jgufis sxva monawile pasuxs agebs jgufSi
monawileobisTvis am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi~.
2. marTlmsajulebas SesaZlebloba eqneba pasuxisge-
baSi misces is pirebic, romlebic marTalia ar arian
organizebuli jgufis wevrebi, magram moqmedeben
misi miznebis Sesabamisad. (mag. korumpirebuli Tana-
mdebobis pirebi axorcieleben garkveul qmedebebs
qurduli organizaciis SekveTiT.) aRniSnuli mosaz-
rebac, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis, kerZod
Tanamonawileobis da amsruleblobis normebSi
poulobs dasayrdens. piri, romelic ar aris orga-
nizaciis wevri, SeiZleba damxmaris rolSi mogvev-
linos, anda qurduli organizaciis waqezebiT Seas-
rulos garkveuli moqmedeba. qurduli organizaci-
is wevris Cveneuli koncefcia saSualebas mogvcems
aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrebad ganvixiloT
waqezebuli amsruleblebi da damxmareebi, Tu maT
gacnobierebuli hqondaT, rom asrulebdnen qurdu-
li organizaciis interesebis Sesabamis qmedebas.
zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebis gasamyareblad SesaZlebe-
538
lia moviSvelioT gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
konvencia transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSau-
lis winaaRmdeg, romlis me-5 muxli adgens damnaSaveTa
organizebul jgufSi monawileobis kriminalizaciis
safuZvlebs. konvenciis mixedviT damTavrebuli dana-
SaulisTvis da ara momzadeba mcdelobisTvis, agreTve
ara rogorc Tanamonawilem aramed rogorc uSualo am-
srulebelma unda agos pirma pasuxi, rodesac:
`qmedeba Cadenili piris mier, romelic acnobierebs

damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis mizans da saerTo
danaSaulebriv saqmianobas, an am jgufis ganzrax-
vas, Caidinos Sesabamisi danaSauli, romelic aqtiur
monawileobas iRebs:
a. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebriv

saqmianobaSi;
b. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis sxva saqmianobaSi
imis gacnobierebiT, rom misi monawileoba xels Seuw-
yobs zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi miznebis miRwevas;
b) damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileobiT

Cadenili mZime danaSaulis organizeba, xelmZRvanelo-
ba, xelSewyoba, waqezeba, daxmareba an rCevis micema.~
normis definiciis dRevandel etapze, qurduli orga-

nizaciis wevrad unda moviazroT kriminalTa is katego-
ria, romlebic ar arian danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
xelmZRvanelebi, anu e.w. `kanonieri qurdebi~, magram
warmoadgenen qurduli organizaciis wevrebs. mag: àv-
toritetebi~, `mayureblebi~ da a.S.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli `qurduli garCeva~83 rTuli gasami-
83
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-
tis Sesaxeb. mux. me-3. naw. me-3.
539
jnia davebis arasamarTlebrivad gadawyvetis sxva
gamovlinebebidan. magaliTad, warmoiSveba kiTxva, riTi
gansxvavdeba qurduli garCeva reketiris mier davebis
gadawyvetisgan?84 `qurduli garCevis~ gansakuTreb-
uli socialuri saSiSroeba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
kvazisamarTlianobaze agebul, e.w. qurdul kanonze
dayrdnobiT, saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis gverdis
avliT, saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis gansjadi saqmee-
bis gadawyveta xdeba. realurad es aris organizebuli
danaSaulobis SeWra saxelmwifo funqciebis ganxor-
cielebaSi. kriminaluri subkulturis umniSvnelova-
nesi Semadgeneli elementi, treteuli sasamarTlo,
saxelmwifo marTlmsajulebis funqciebis miTvisebiT
mis diskreditacias axdens. qurduli garCevis cnebaSi
ar Sesula zemoaRniSnuli ZiriTadi elementebi, magram
Sesulia fakultaturi niSnebi: `qurduli samyaros
wevris mier or an met pirs Soris arsebuli davis gadaw-
yveta, romelsac axlavs muqara, iZuleba, daSineba an
sxva ukanono qmedeba~. qurdul garCevas, zogierT Sem-
TxvevaSi, SeiZleba saerTod ar axldes arc muqara, arc
iZuleba, arc daSineba an sxva ukanono qmedeba. xSirad
treteul mosamarTles, romlis rolSic, am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, qurduli samyaros wevri gamodis, mxareebi
nebayoflobiT mimarTaven, maT Soris davis gadasawyve-
tad. treteuli mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebac xSirad
nebayoflobiT aRsruldeba. sxva sakiTxia, iZulebis
SesaZlebloba, e.w `kanonieri qurdis~ mier gamotanili
gadawyvetilebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, urCi
mxare mkacrad isjeba. amas garda, iZulebis SesaZle-
blobis cneba moicavs, rogorc muqaris, iZulebis da a.S.
realurad ganxorcielebas, agreTve maTi gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas.
84
ix. saqarTvelos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-
tis Sesaxeb. mux. me-2. naw. me-3.
540
zemoaRniSnuli moTxovna e.w. kanonieri qurdobisa da
qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, rogorc qvemoT davi-
naxavT sasamarTlo praqtikis analizisas, problemebs
qmnis braldebis mtkicebis aspeqtiT. organizebuli da-
naSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom
organizebuli danaSaulis formebis kriminalizaciisas
sasurvelia obieqtri mxare ar iyos xistad definirebu-
li da pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels warmoadgendes or-
ganizebuli jgufis wevroba.
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
& 5. dasjadoba qmedebisTvis Tu socialuri statu-

sisTvis?
`kanonieri qurdobisTvis~ sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-

suxismgeblobis daweseba badebs kiTxvas, aris es dasja-
doba qmedebisTvis, Tu konkretuli socialuri mdgo-
mareobisTvis, konkretuli statusisTvis? sisxlis sa-
marTlis klasikuri skolis umTavres princips Seadgens
is, rom dasjadia mxolod qmedeba da ara azrebi, ideebi,
Sexedulebebi. saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231-is mixedviT,
`kanonieri qurdoba~ isjeba vadiT 7-10 wlamde, jarimiT
an uamisod. `kanonieri qurdis~ cnebas adgens saqarT-
velos kanoni organizebuli danaSaulobisa da reketis
Sesaxeb, romlis me-3 muxlis me-4 nawilSi vkiTxulobT:
kanonieri qurdi – qurduli samyaros wevri, romelic
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad, ne-
bismieri formiT marTavs an/da organizebas uwevs qur-
dul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.
541
imisTvis, rom dadges `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxi ùnda dadasturdes, rom igi moqmedeb-
da (marTavda pirebs an organizebas uwevda maT) swored
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad. . .
amgvarad `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxisgebaSi micemisT-
vis araa sakmarisi mxolod is faqti, rom es pirovneba
sazogadoebaSi kanonieri qurdis saxeliTaa cnobili,
aramed aucilebelia mas daumtkicon, rom marTav-
da an organizebas uwevda qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs.~85 imis damtkiceba, rom `kanonieri
qurdi~ marTavda an/da organizebas uwevda garkveul
sociums, rogorc marTebulad aRiniSna warmoSobs
problemebs braldebis mtkicebis dros.86
Cveni azriT, `kanonieri qurdebis~ pasuxismgeblobis

sakiTxi danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefciis mixed-
viT unda gadawydes. piris qurdad `kurTxevis~ ceremo-
nia aris SeTanxmeba qurdul organizaciasa da aRniSnul
pirs Soris. ùflebrivi cxovrebis sfero gacilebiT
farToa, vidre is sfero, romelsac pozitiuri samarTa-
li Seicavs. magram ra iwvevs im uflebrivi sferos war-
moSobas, romelic pozitiuri samarTlis moqmedebas ar
eqvemdebareba? – normatiuli faqtebi. arsebobs faqte-
bi, romelTac aqvT unari Seqmnan azrTa iseTi kompleq-
si, rom logikuri damokidebuleba masTan gvsazRvravs
Cven uflebamosilisa da valdebulis mniSvnelobiT~.87
qurdad `kurTxeva~ xdeba qurdul Sekrebaze, sadac min-
imum ori `damsaxurebuli~ qurdi rekomendacias aZlevs
qurdobis kandidats.88 kandidati unda akmayofilebdes
85
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, avtorTa
koleqt. gamomcemloba `merediani~, Tb., 2006, gv. 453.
86
ix. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, iqve.
87
ix. naneiSvili g., samarTlis filosofiis sakiTxebi. Tb.,
1992. gv. 107.
88
ix. Rlonti g., lobJaniZe g., kanonieri qurdebi saqarTvelo-
542
Sesabamis moTxovnebs.89 yvela proceduris gavlis Sem-
deg, kandidati qurduli Rirebulebebis erTgulebis
fics debs, igi valdebulebas iRebs daicvas `qur-
duli kanonebi~, xolo Ralatis SemTxvevaSi daisajos
sikvdiliT. yvela proceduris gavlis Semdeg, kandida-
ti uflebamosili xdeba ataros kriminaluri samyaros
gvirgvini. gvirgvins am SemTxvevaSi simboluri dat-
virTva aqvs da kriminalur samyaroSi did damsaxure-
bebze miuTiTebs.90 `Cveulebrivma adamianma ramoden-
imejer SeiZleba Seicvalos profesia, cxovrebis wesi.
danaSaulebrivi elitis warmomadgenels amis ufleba
ara aqvs (specialistebi 2-3 iSviaT gamonakliss asax-
eleben, magram aRniSnuli gamonaklisebi ufro metad
adastureben ZiriTad wess.). `kanonieri qurdi~ rCeba
aseTad mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. kriminologiuri
gamokvlevebi asabuTeben, rom danaSaulebrivi samyaros
elita, `kanonieri qurdebi,~ arcrodis iqnebian kanon-
morCilni, ar Seicvlian cxovrebis wess. . .~91 qurduli
organizaciis winaSe dadebuli fici kanonier qurds
avaldebulebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze icxovros
qurduli kanonebis mixedviT, anu danaSaulebrivad,
radgan qurduli kanoni gmobs saxelmwifoebriobis
ideas. àntisazogadoebrivi qmedebis Cadenas misi Cam-
deni piri gahyavs Sesabamis instanciasTan normatiuli
urTierTobis gareT. es ki sxva araferia, Tu ara upa-
suxismgeblobis obieqtur viTarebaSi subieqtis gadas-
vla. es bunebrivia, radgan subieqti instanciasTan nor-
Si: istoria da realoba. Tb., 2004, gv. 122-127.

89
ix. Корона воровской империи. http://www.aferizm.ru/criminal/crime_
kingdom.htm
90
kriminaluri tradiciebis Sesaxeb ix. Гуров А.И. Профессио-
нальная преступность: прошлое и современность М., 1990 c. 125-133
(Роль уголовных традиций и обычаев в воспроизводстве профессио-
нальной преступности)
91
А.И. Долговой. М., 2002, с.709.
543
matiuli urTierTobis farglebSi unda moqmedebdes.
am urTierTobis farglebSi ki SesaZlebelia sazoga-
doebrivad sasargeblo (moraluri Tu marTlzomieri)
qmedeba. amoraluri Tu marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba
am urTierTobis farglebSi SeuZlebelia. amitom am
qmedebis Camdeni piri, am qmedebis gamo da farglebSi,
saTanado instanciasTan normatiuli urTierTobis ga-
reTaa. es imas niSnavs, rom es piri Tavisi am amoraluri
Tu marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT gadavida instanciis
winaSe upasuxismgeblobis obieqtur viTarebaSi. magram
upasuxismgeblobis es obieqturi viTareba gamowveu-
lia movaleobisadmi, rogorc normatiuli urTierTo-
bis elementisadmi, subieqturi, upasuxismgeblo, anu,
braleuli damokidebulebiT.~92
or an met pirs Soris SekavSireba, SeTanxmeba danaSau-

lis Cadenis mizniT, pirobebis Seqmnad, anu momzadebad
iTvleba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebeli iyenebs
fiqciis meTods da danaSaulis damTavrebis momentad
danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebas miiCnevs. banditizmi, dam-
Tavrebuli danaSaulia myari SeiaraRebuli jgufis
Seqmnis momentidan, romelsac pirze an organizaciaze
Tavdasxmis mizani aqvs (ssk-is 224-e muxli). danaSau-
lebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefcias eyrdnoba agreTve
`rikos~93 kanoni da italiis antimafiuri kanonmde-
bloba. italiis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 416-e bis
muxlis Tanaxmad mafiozuri asociaciis Seqmna, xelmZR-
vaneloba, agreTve aRniSnul dajgufebaSi monawileoba
damTavrebuli danaSaulia. ruseTis federaciis ssk-is
210-e muxlis Tanaxmad danaSauli damTavrebulad iTv-
leba `danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)~ Se-
qmnis momentidan da a.S.
92
ix. g. naWyebia, brali, rogorc socialuri filosofiis kat-
egoria. Tb., 2001, gv. 284.
93
statuti reketuli da korumpirebuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb.
544
òrganizaciuli SeTanxmebis~ koncefciis safuZvelze
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom `kanonieri qurdobis~ das-
jadobisas saxezea ara socialuri statusis gamo das-
jadoba, aramed dasjadoba qmedebis gamo. `kanonieri
qurdi~ unda ganvixiloT qurduli organizaciis erT-
erT xelmZRvanelad, qurduli organizacia ki myari,
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis saxea. qurdad
`kurTxevis~ dros piri acxadebs Tanxmobas qurduli
organizaciis wevrobaze, igi eTanxmeba kriminalur
`normebs~, Cadenil da Casaden danaSaulebs, debs erT-
gulebis fics. `kanonieri qurdis~ qurdul organizaci-
aSi Sesvla ukve socialurad saSiSi qmedebaa, romelic
damTavrebul danaSaulad unda ganvixiloT.94
e.w `kanonieri qurdis~ pasuxismgeblobisTvis kanon-

mdebeli adgens danaSaulebrivi qmedebis obieqturi mx-
aris damatebiT elementebs: qurduli samyaros an pirTa
garkveuli jgufis marTva an/da organizeba nebismieri
formiT. rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna obieqturi mxaris
aRniSnuli debulebebis dasabuTeba braldebisTvis
praqtikulad Zalze rTuli iqneba, amis garda unda
aRiniSnos, rom SeiZleba `kanonieri qurdi~ aravis mar-
Tvas an organizebas konkretulad ar axorcielebdes.
obieqturi mxridan gamomdinare, mas pasuxisgebaSi ve-
Rar mivcemT.
migvaCnia, rom e.w. `kanonieri qurdobis~ dasjadobis

safuZvels unda warmoadgendes organizebuli dana-
Saulebrivi jgufisadmi, qurduli organizaciisadmi
kuTvnileba. iseve, rogorc wydeba sisxlis samarTal-
Si sxva danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis (magaliTad,
teroristuli organizaciis, bandis da a.S) xelmZR-
94
qmedebis socialuri saSiSroebis sakiTxisTvis ix: g. naWye-
bia. sisxlissamarTlebrivi urTierToba da danaSaulis cneba.
Tb., 2002 gv. 18.
545
vanelebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. rogorc dagva-
naxa sasamarTlo praqtikis analizma, kanonis moTxovna,
qurduli samyaros an pirTa garkveuli jgufis marTva
an/da organizeba nebismieri formiT, problemebs war-
moSobs braldebis mtkicebis dros. sagulisxmoa, rom
danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
normebis dRevandel modelebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli jgufisadmi kuTvnile-
bas emyareba. rogorc italiis anitimafiur kanonmde-
blobaSi, ise aSS-s `riko~-s kanonSi pasuxismgeblobis
safuZvlad damkvidrebulia kriminaluri organizaciis
wevroba-monawileobis principi, radganac organize-
buli danaSauloba imdenad rTuli, mravalmxrivi da
saxecvaladi movlenaa, rom kanonSi danaSaulis Semad-
genlobis obieqturi da subieqturi niSnebis xistad
gansazRvra aRniSnuli movlenis winaaRmdeg brZolas
mniSvnelovnad uSlis xels.
danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncefciis Tanaxmad unda

gadawydes `qurduli samyaros wevris~ pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxic (ssk-is 2231-is me-2 naw.), rodesac piri
wevriandeba `qurdul organizaciaSi~ da man icis, rom
aRniSnuli organizacia kriminaluria, misi Tanxmoba
aRniSnuli organizaciis wevrobaze damTavrebul dana-
Sauls unda warmoadgendes.95
dasasruls SesaZlebelia iTqvs, rom `kanonieri qur-

disa~ da `qurdul samyarosTan dakavSirebuli~ piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba damyarebu-
lia maT qmedebaze. kerZod qurdul organizaciaSi gaw-
evrianebisas isini eTanxmebian aRniSnuli organizaciis
kriminalur saqmianobas, Cadenil da Casaden danaSau-
lebs, acxadeben moqmedebis mzadyofnas misi intere-
sebis Sesabamisad.
95
ix: g. naWyebia, marTlzomieri qmedebis meqanizmis monistu-
ri gagebis sakiTxisTvis. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
macne, samarTlis seria, 2005 w., #1, gv. 132-137.
546
Tavi II
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri

qurdobis danaSaulTa Taobaze arsebuli
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori
& 1. qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-

dobis sisxlissamarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
postsabWoTa sivrceSi, da maT Soris saqarTveloSic,

ganviTarda organizebuli danaSaulobis memkvidreo-
biT miRebuli aseTi formebi, rogoricaa: qurduli
samyaros wevroba, romelic gamoixateba subieqtis or-
ganizaciulad aqtiur kavSirSi kriminaluri samyaros
gamousworebel elementebTan am ukanasknelTa danaSau-
lebrivi saqmianobisaTvis xelSewyobisa da aseT saqmi-
anobaSi uSualo monawileobis saxiT, agreTve kanonieri
qurdoba, romelic Tavisi arsiT warmoadgens subieqtis
mier misi aqtiuri danaSaulebrivi saqmianobidan gamom-
dinare `damsaxurebisa~ da danaSaulebriv samyaroSi
sayovelTaod da savaldebulod miRebuli tradiciebi-
sadmi misi uryevi erTgulebis Sedegad mopovebul anti-
socialur statuss, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs Tavisi
gavlena iqonios sxva damnaSaveebsa da danaSaulebrivi
samyarosadmi solidarulad ganwyobil sxva antiso-
cialur elementebze, raTa moaxdinos maTi Zalisxmevis
koncetrireba da saqmianobis warmarTva saerTo dana-
Saulebrivi miznebis misaRwevad.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis
547
Taobaze saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli sagamoZiebo
da sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlisa da analizis mizans
warmoadgens aRniSnuli kategoriis danaSaulobasTan
brZolis efeqturobisa da xsenebuli praqtikis qveynis
SigniT moqmed kanonmdeblobasa Tu saerTaSoriso sa-
marTlebriv aqtebTan Sesabamisobis dadgena, agreTve,
saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba rogorc sakanon-
mdeblo, ise sagamoZiebo _ sasamarTlo praqtikis
daxvewa-gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT.
gansaxilveli kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebis Seswav-

lis Sedegebi warmodgenas gvaZlevs imis Taobaze, Tu ra
saxiT xorcieldeba realurad qurduli samyaros wev-
roba da kanonieri qurdoba, rac Tavis mxriv saSualebas
gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT rogori praqtikuli nabijebi
unda gadaidgas am movlenebTan warmoebuli brZolis
efeqturobis asamaRleblad, agreTve, rogori sakanon-
mdeblo novaciebi iqneba optimaluri da sasargeblo
praqtikis amocanebisadmi Sesabamisi materialur-sa-
marTlebrivi da saproceso samarTlebrivi institute-
bis sruli adekvaturobis uzrunvelsayofad.
uwinaresad ganvixiloT sakiTxi _ Seswavlili saqmee-

bis mixedviT ra xasiaTis moqmedebebSi gamoixateba qur-
duli samyaros wevroba. Seswavlil sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebSi arsebuli sabraldebo daskvnebisa da ganaCen-
ebis mixedviT, qurduli samyaros wevroba gamoixateba
Semdeg moqmedebebsa da qcevebSi: subieqti cnobs da
aRiarebs qurdul samyaros; Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sa-
jarod gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras;
cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesa-
bamisad; sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi sasjelis
moxdisas, aseve sasjelis moxdisa da gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg aqvs aqtiuri urTierToba da kavSiri kanonier
548
qurdebTan; sxvebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri Tanamoq-
medebiT xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganx-
orcielebasa da qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis
gavrcelebas; monawileobs e.w. òbSiakis~ anu sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebebSi myofi kanonieri qurdebisa
da qurduli tradiciebis mimdevari sxva pirebis dasax-
mareblad saWiro Tanxebis moqalaqeebisagan gamoZal-
vasa Tu sxva aralegaluri gzebiT Segrovebasa da daniS-
nulebisamebr miwodebaSi; gegmavs da awyobs saqmeebis
qurdul garCevas; sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi
myof kanonier qurdebsa da qurduli samyaros sxva war-
momadgenlebs exmareba aRniSnuli dawesebulebebis ga-
reT myof pirebTan kavSiris damyarebaSi, uzrunvely-
ofs maT maTTvis saintereso informaciebiTa da aseTi
informaciebis misaRebad saWiro saSualebebiT; materi-
alur da sxva saxis daxmarebas uwevs patimrobaSi myofi
kanonieri qurdebis ojaxis wevrebs; asrulebs kanonieri
qurdebis sxvadasxva davalebebs.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom dasaxelebuli moq-

medebebidan zogierTi maTganis Sinaarsi erTob zogadi
da bundovani formulirebiT aris gamoxatuli sabral-
debo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi, rac xels uSlis maTi ar-
sis zust da erTgvarovan gagebas. amasTan, saqmeSi arse-
bul arc sxva saproceso dokumentebSia mocemuli maTi
dazustebuli mniSvneloba. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom xsenebuli formulirebebi materialuri sisxlis
samarTlis normebSic ar aris gansazRvruli da, rogorc
Cans, isini sagamoZiebo _ praqtikis muSakTa samarTal-
Semoqmedebis nayofs warmoadgens, romelic sasamarT-
loebis mier pirdapir iqna miRebuli da gaziarebuli.
magaliTisTvis SeiZleba iTqvas sabraldebo daskvnebsa
da ganaCenebSi miTiTebul qurduli samyaros wevrobis
iseT saxeebze, rogoricaa: `subieqti cnobs da aRiarebs
549
qurdul samyaros~; `subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT
sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaW-
eras~; `subieqti cxovrobs qurduli samyaros special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad da xels uwyobs aseTi wesebis
gavrcelebas~; `subieqti gegmavs da awyobs specialuri
qurduli wesebiT saqmeebis garCevas~.
sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi ganviTarebuli

daskvniTi msjelobebi araviTar konkretikas ar Seicavs
imis Taobaze, Tu realurad ra moqmedebebs gulisx-
mobs piris mier qurduli samyaros cnoba da aRiareba,
qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeris sajarod gamox-
atva, qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebiT cxovreba,
qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis gavrceleba da
sxva. amgvari, konkretul Sinaarss moklebuli formu-
lirebebi, romlebic sabraldebo daskvnebisa da gana-
Cenebis meSveobiT iuridiul Zalas iZenen, SeiZleba iqc-
nen erTgvar, faqtobrivad moqmed `kauCukis normebad~,
romelTa Sinaarsis survilisamebr gafarToeba da Se-
kumSva iqneba SesaZlebeli, rasac xels uwyobs Sesabami-
si sakanonmdeblo normebis Sinaarsobrivi ganusazRvr-
elobac (mxedvelobaSia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis 2231-e muxli).
analogiuri problemebia dakavSirebuli iseTi qmedebis

Sinaarsis gansazRvrasTan, rogoricaa kanonieri qur-
doba.
sabraldebo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi aRniSnulia,

rom pirma Caidina kanonieri qurdoba. Tu raSi gamoix-
ata aRniSnuli, amis Taobaze braldebis fabulaSi mo-
cemulia miTiTeba sxvadasxva, gansxvavebul faqtebze,
romelTa CamoTvla, rogorc wesi, iwyeba imaze miTiTe-
biT, rom dasaxelebuli piri qurdul Sekrebaze (e.w.
550
`qurduli sxodka~) aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad.
amis Semdeg xsenebul sabraldebo dokumentebSi saubari
grZeldeba imis Taobaze, rom kanonier qurdad aRi-
arebis Semdeg igi sistematurad monawileobda qurdul
SekrebebSi, sadac ganixileboda kandidaturebi kanoni-
er qurdad aRiarebis mizniT, aseve sakiTxebi kanonieri
qurdebisTvis gavlenis sferoebis gadanawilebisa da
danaSaulTa Cadenis organizebis Taobaze, xels uwyobda
qurduli tradiciebis gavrcelebas, xelmZRvanelobda
qurduli samyaros wevrebis saqmianobas qurdul sala-
roSi (e.w. òbSiaki~) Tanxebis Sesagroveblad Tu sxva
davalebebis Sesasruleblad, aqvs mWidro kavSiri sxva
kanonier qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan.
yvela sabraldebo daskvnasa da ganaCenSi, sadac ki mo-

cemulia fabulis aRwera imis Taobaze Tu raSi gamoix-
ata piris mier Cadenili kanonieri qurdoba, aucile-
blad aris miTiTebuli, rom aRniSnuli piri qurdebis
Sekrebaze (miaxloebiTi droisa da adgilis miTiTebiT)
aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad sxva kanonieri qurdis
an qurdebis mier, rom is aris qurduli tradiciebis
mimdevari da rom igi eweva cxovrebas specialuri qur-
duli wesebis Sesabamisad. marTalia, arc erT sabral-
debo daskvnasa da ganaCenSi ar aris mocemuli saqarT-
velos ssk-is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawilis, rogorc normis
Sinaarsobrivi ganmarteba, rasac eqneboda garkveuli
precedentuli mniSvneloba, magram im braldebaTa fab-
ulebidan gamomdinare, romlebic xsenebul sabralde-
bo daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSia warmodgenili, mkafiod
ikveTeba is garemoeba, rom praqtikaSi dadgeniladaa
miCneuli Semdegi: kanonieri qurdoba, rogorc danaSau-
li, ar arsebobs am danaSaulis subieqtis qurduli we-
sebis dacviT sxva kanonieri qurdebis mier piris kanon-
ier qurdad aRiarebis gareSe.
551
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aseTi piris kanonier qur-
dad `kurTxeva~ ar iqneboda miCneuli saqarTvelos ssk-
is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli Semad-
genlobis aucilebel elementad, maSin SeuZlebeli iqne-
boda kanonieri qurdobis Semadgenlobis gamijvna imave
muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemuli Semadgenlobis _
qurduli samyaros wevrobisgan, vinaidan, umravles Sem-
TxvevaSi piri, romelic miCneulia qurduli samyaros
wevrad, rogorc wesi, aris qurduli tradiciebis
matarebeli, Tavis moqmedebebsa da qcevebSi emorCile-
ba qurduli cxovrebis specialur wesebs, monawileobs
qurdul (kriminalur) garCevebSi da a.S. anu igi akeTebs
TiTqmis yvelafers, rasac e.w. kanonieri qurdi, magram
am ukanasknelisgan igi gansxvavdeba uflebebiT, rac
imas niSnavs, rom mas ar gaaCnia iseTi donisa da gavle-
nis mqone uflebrivi statusi kriminalur sferoSi,
rac aqvs kanonier qurds, magram aseT uflebriv sta-
tuss piri iRebs swored qurduli wesebis dacviT sxva,
saamisod uflebamosili kanonieri qurdebis mier misi
kanonier qurdad aRiarebis Sedegad.
calkeul SemTxvevaSi braldebas kanonieri qurdobis

Taobaze Tan axlavs aseve braldeba iseT danaSaulTa
Cadenis Taobaze, rogoricaa gamoZalva, iZuleba da
mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba, rac specifikuria qurduli cx-
ovrebisa da saqmianobisTvis. iSviaTad gvxvdeba aseve
braldeba iseT danaSaulTa Cadenis Taobaze, rogori-
caa narkotikuli saSualebis da cecxlsasroli ia-
raRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZena, Senaxva da tareba,
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebuli piris
mier akrZaluli sagnis Senaxva, tareba an/da aseTi sa-
gniT sargebloba, winaswari patimrobis an sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebis saqmianobisTvis xelis SeSla
an am saqmianobis dezorganizacia, aRniSnuli daweseb-
ulebis administraciaze Tavdasxma an/da amave mizniT
552
danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis Seqmna an aseT dajgufebaSi
aqtiuri monawileobis miReba.
aseTia qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qur-
dobis is ZiriTadi materialur-samarTlebrivi maxa-
siaTeblebi rac warmodgenilia aRniSnuli kategoriis
danaSaulTa Sesaxeb sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebul
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi.
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231

muxlis pirvel da me-2 nawilebis dispoziciebSi arse-
buli gansazRvrebebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic mocemulia
gansaxilveli kategoriis danaSaulTa mxolod dasax-
eleba. sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnuli mux-
lis saTaurs sityvasityviT emTxveva am muxlis nawi-
lebSi mocemuli dispoziciebis teqstebi. zemoT ukve
iyo aRniSnuli, rom aseTi forma xsenebul sisxlissa-
marTlebriv normas aZlevs kauCukis Tvisebas, rac imas
niSnavs, rom misi Sinaarsi, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi am
normis sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebisas, SeiZleba
survilisamebr iqnes gafarToebuli an daviwrovebuli.
materialuri sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis ker-

Zo nawilisTvis ucxo ar aris iseTi normebis arseboba,
romelTa dispoziciebs aqvT zogadi Sinaarsobrivi
gansazRvruloba, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva iseT da-
naSaulebriv qmedebaTa kvalifikaciisTvis, romlebic
ver Tavsdebian kodeqsis kerZo nawilis specialur nor-
maTa farglebSi. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba davasaxeloT
samoxeleo danaSaulTa Semadgenlobebi, romlebic mo-
cemulia saqarTvelos ssk-is 332-e (samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba), 333-e (samsax-
ureobrivi uflebamosilebis gadameteba) da 341-e (sam-
saxurebrivi gulgriloba) muxlebis pirvel nawilebSi.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi moipoveba
553
iseTi normebic, romelTa dispoziciebi amoiwureba
mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT, misi Semadgenlobis
niSnebze miTiTebisa da Sinaarsis gadmocemis gareSe.
magaliTad, aseTia saqarTvelos ssk-is 108-e (ganzrax
mkvleloba) da 358-e (mobilizaciiT gawvevisTvis Tavis
arideba) muxlebis dispoziciebi.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul da-

naSaulTa Semadgenlobis zogierTi elementis Sinaarsi
ganmartebulia òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi, romelic saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier miRebul iqna da amoqmedda saqarT-
velos ssk-is 2231-e muxlTan erTad. miTiTebuli kanonis
me-3 muxlis me-4 punqti `kanonieri qurdis~ cnebas Sem-
degnairad ganmartavs: `qurduli samyaros wevri, ro-
melic qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamis-
ad, nebismieri formiT marTavs an/da organizebas uwevs
qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.~ imave mux-
lis pirveli punqti `qurduli samyaros~ cnebas ganmar-
tavs Semdegi saxiT: `pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic
moqmedebs maT mier dadgenili (aRiarebuli) specialuri
wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis mizania daSinebiT, muqa-
riT, iZulebiT, dumilis pirobebiT, qurduli garCevis
gziT, danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi arasrulwlovanTa Cab-
miT, danaSaulis CadeniT an danaSaulis Cadenisken waqe-
zebiT misi wevrebisTvis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis
miReba.~ aRniSnuli muxlis pirveli punqti ase ganmar-
tavs `qurduli samyaros wevris~ cnebas: `nebismieri
piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad~.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, ar SeiZleba gamarTlebulad

iqnes miCneuli qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanon-
554
ieri qurdobis Sesaxeb moqmed sisxlis samarTlis kan-
onis muxlSi dispoziciis gansazRvrebis Semofargvla
mxolod aRniSnuli qmedebebis dasaxelebiT, radgan
zemoxsenebul samoxeleo danaSaulTa ganmsazRvreli
sisxlissamarTlebrivi normebi, marTalia, zogadi xasi-
aTisaa, magram maTSi mainc aris warmodgenili qmedebis
kriminalizaciis garkveuli kriteriumebi anu misi
Semadgenlobis damafuZnebeli ZiriTadi niSnebi. rac
Seexeba zemoT aRniSnul im Semadgenlobebs, romlebic
Sesabamis normaSi mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT aris
gamoxatuli (magaliTad, saqarTvelos ssk-is 108-e mux-
li _ ganzrax mkvleloba), unda aRiniSnos, rom aq saqme
gvaqvs iseT klasikur sisxlissamarTlebriv qmedebas-
Tan, romlis arsi sayovelTaod cxadi da gasagebia iu-
ridiuli ganaTlebis armqone nebismieri adamianisaTvi-
sac ki, ris gamoc aRniSnuli qmedeba kanonSi damatebiT
ganmartebas aRar saWiroebs.
amaTgan sruliad gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba gvaqvs

sakanonmdeblo gansazRvrebasTan mimarTebiT, rom-
lebic sakanonmdeblo siaxles warmoadgens da romelTa
Sinaarsobrivi mniSvneloba aramcTu nebismieri mo-
qalaqisTvis aramed gamocdili specialistebisTvisac
(kriminalistebi, kriminologebi Tu sxva) ki, friad bun-
dovani da Znelad gasagebia, romelic davis sagans war-
moadgens. aRniSnulma garemoebam SesaZloa praqtikaSi
gamoiwvios is, rom qurdul samyarosTan kavSirSi eWvmi-
tanil pirTan nebismieri aramiznobrivi, uneblie Sexeba
da urTierTobac ki, SeiZleba gaxdes subieqtisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisrebis safuZveli, rac mTlianad
iqneba damokidebuli samarTaldamcavi struqturis
Sesabamis uflebamosil muSakTa subieqtur Sexedule-
baze, radgan zemoxsenebul òrganizebuli danaSauli-
555
sa da reketis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi mocemuli
Sesabamisi cnebebis gansazRvrebebi erTob amorfulia.
amitom, iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis
kanonSi kriminalizebulma qmedebam Tavisi SinaarsiTa
da mniSvnelobiT SesaZlebelia sruliad gansxvavebuli
interpretaciebi gamoiwvios, rac pirdapir aisaxeba
sasamarTlo praqtikaze da adamianTa bedze, ar aris sa-
surveli, rom aseTi qmedebis kriminalizaciisas kanon-
mdebeli Semoifarglos sisxlis samarTlebriv normaSi
mxolod qmedebis dasaxelebiT, aramed aucilebelia,
rom normis dispoziciaSi SeZlebisdagvarad amomwura-
vad iyos warmodgenili qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sinaar-
sis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi.
garda amisa, gverds ver avuvliT agreTve gansaxilveli

qmedebebis saxeldebisTvis gamoyenebuli terminolo-
giis sakiTxs, romelTa zust da adekvatur gamoxatvas
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imis dasadgenad arsebobs Tu
ara realuri da dasabuTebuli samarTlebrivi safuZve-
li pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisTvis. terminologi-
uri novacia iseT mniSvnelovan sakanonmdeblo aqtSi,
rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli, Tu arsebobs
misi gamoyenebis gardauvali aucilebloba da amave
dros misi Sinaarsobrivi mniSvnelobis gageba ar aris
dakavSirebuli gansakuTrebul sirTulesTan saSualo
inteleqtualuri donis mqone adamianisTvis. Tuki am
moTxovnebs legitimurad miviCnevT, maSin SeiZleba isic
aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231 muxlis pirveli
nawilis dispozicia terminologiuri gamarTulobis
TvalsazrisiTac ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rac
bunebrivad waeyeneba nebismier sisxlissamarTlebriv
normas misi daniSnulebis mniSvnelobidan gamomdin-
are. SemTxveviTi ar aris is garemoeba, rom sabraldebo
556
daskvnebsa da ganaCenebSi Tu sxva mniSvnelovan sapro-
ceso aqtebSi, romlebic xsenebuli kategoriis dana-
SaulTa Taobaze warmoebul sisxlis samarTlis saqmee-
bSi moipoveba, marTalia, ase Tu ise, ama Tu im formiT
axnilia raSi gamoixateboda qurduli samyaros wev-
roba, magram, amasTan, braldebis fabulis aRweriloba
saerTod ar emTxveva im niSnebs, romlebic mocemulia
xsenebuli specialuri kanonis normebSi `qurduli sa-
myaros~ Sesaxeb, romlis wevrobac pirs bralad edeba.
garkveul uxerxulobebs iwvevs aseve saqarTvelos ssk-

is 2231 muxlis me-2 nawilSi gamoyenebuli iseTi termi-
nologiuri siaxle, rogoricaa `kanonieri qurdoba~.
advili misaxvedria, rom es termini gamomdinareobs Cve-
ni sazogadoebis erT, kriminaluri mentalobis mqone
nawilSi gavrcelebuli da damkvidrebuli iseTi cne-
bidan rogoricaa `kanonieri qurdi~. zemoT aRniSnuli
iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom specialurma kanonma òrganize-
buli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ da sagamoZiebo
da sasamarTlo praqtikam ukve warmoaCina _ ras niS-
navs iyo kanonieri qurdi anu piris maxasiaTebeli ro-
gori atributika moiazreba am cnebaSi. cxadia, rogorc
yovelTvis, praqtikas Tavisi konkretuli amocanebi
aqvs gadasawyveti da amis gamo, man SesaZloa, calkeul
uxerxulobebs, rac braldebis formulirebaSi gamoy-
enebuli sakanonmdeblo kategoriebis terminologiur
problemebs ukavSirdeba, naklebad gauwios angariSi,
magram aRniSnulisgan gansxvavebiT, kanonmdebelma,
roca is sakanonmdeblo normis dispozicias ayalibebs,
msgavs uxerxulobebs yvela SesaZlo saSualebiT unda
aaridos Tavi.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebul sakanonmdeblo

normaSi gamoyenebuli termini `kanonieri qurdoba~ da
557
`kanonieri qurdi~ nasesxebia kriminaluri element-
ebis leqsikonidan, rac ver CaiTvleba terminologiuri
problemis gadawyvetis misaReb gzad da saSualebad,
radgan amiT xdeba, erTi mxriv, kriminaluri leqsikisa
da, maSasadame, TviT kriminaluri elementebis erTgvari
popularizacia, xolo meore mxriv, arc is aris gamor-
icxuli, rom man, SesaZloa, saTave daudos garkveul
samarTlebriv Seusabamobebs da gaugebrobebs, rac er-
Tob arasasurvelia.
saqme isaa, rom Tavis droze termini `kanonieri~ miisa-

kuTra damnaSaveTa wrem, raSic gamoixata aRniSnuli
wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ukiduresad cinikuri damok-
idebuleba da Tavxedoba kanonmorCili sazogadoebisa
da TviT kanonis, rogorc saxelmwifos safuZvelTa sa-
fuZvlis mimarT. amasTan, am gziT kriminaluri elemen-
tebi cdiloben daakninon sazogadoebis marTlSegneba
da sazogadoebis warmodgenaSi erTgvari legitimacia
gaukeTon danaSaulebriv saqmianobasa da qurdobis in-
stituts, negatiuri gavlena moaxdinon axalgazrdobis,
gansakuTrebiT ki mozardi Taobis socialurad jer kidev
moumwifebel da Camouyalibebel fsiqikaze, Seucvalon
mas RirebulebiTi orientacia da am gziT gadaaqcion igi
kriminaluri sferos mudmiv mkvebav wyarod.
termini `kanonieri~ nebismier SemTxvevaSi calsaxad

gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mier ama Tu im formiT ofi-
cialurad daSvebuls, miRebuls, nebadarTuls da sxva
analogiuri Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis mqone movlenas,
rac sruli antipodia ara mxolod yovelgvari danaSau-
lebrivis, aramed nebismieri kanonsawinaaRmdego da mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego Sinaarsisa Tu datvirTvis mqone mov-
lenisa. amdenad, termin `kanonieris~ qurdTan mimarTe-
baSi Tundac pirobiTad gamoyeneba ar aris sasurveli da
558
gamarTlebuli, ris gamoc gansaxilveli kriminaluri
movlenis arsis gadmosacemad aucilebelia iseTi ter-
minis SerCeva, romelic Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo nor-
mis daniSnulebisa da mniSvnelobis adekvaturi iqneba,
amasTan, romliTac moxerxdeba xsenebuli antisocial-
uri qmedebis marTlsawinaaRmdego arsis srulyofilad
warmoCena. sakanonmdeblo normis amgvari srulyofa,
Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs sasamarTlo praqtikis Semd-
gom daxvewasa da ganviTarebas, aRniSnuli xasiaTis dan-
aSaulebTan brZolaSi kanonierebis ganuxrelad dacvas.
rogorc aRiniSna, gansaxilvel danaSaulebTan dakav-

SirebiT garkveuli terminologiuri problemebi damax-
asiaTebelia ara mxolod kanonmdeblobisaTvis, aramed
sasamarTlo praqtikisTvisac. mxedvelobaSia Semdegi
garemoeba: qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri
qurdobis danaSaulTa saqmeebSi arsebul sabraldebo
daskvnebSi, ganaCenebsa Tu sxva saproceso dokumenteb-
Si gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva iseTi termini, romelTa
ganmartebis uqonlobam SeiZleba gaurkvevloba gamoi-
wvios pirisaTvis wardgenil braldebaSi. magaliTad,
praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli aseTi terminebia _ `qurduli
saerTo~, `saknis mayurebeli~, `qurduli (kriminaluri)
garCeva~, `qurduli tradicia~, `qurduli wesebi~ da
sxva, romelTa Sinaarsis daudgenlad pirisTvis wardge-
nili braldeba garkveuli bundovanebis Semcveli iqne-
ba. iseTi termini, rogoricaa `qurduli saerTo~, war-
moadgens rusuli terminis òbSiak~-is pirdapir eno-
briv Targmans da ara samarTlebrivad adekvatur Targ-
mans. sinamdvileSi, masSi igulisxmeba qurdebisa Tu sxva
kriminaluri elementebis mier Seqmnili da maTsave kon-
trols daqvemdebarebuli erTgvari salaro, romelSic
grovdeba danaSaulebrivi gzebiT Segrovebuli fuladi
Tanxebi, gankuTvnili danaSaulebrivi miznebis misaRw-
559
evad, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa termini _ `qur-
duli salaroc~ pirobiTi xasiaTis iyos, magram bevrad
ufro gasagebia, vidre `qurduli saerTo~. ase rom, qur-
duli samyaros wevrobasTan da kanonier qurdobasTan
mimarTebiT terminologiur daxvewas saWiroebs ara
marto sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, aramed, mas-
Tan erTad, sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikac.
yovelive zemoTqmulTan erTad, aRsaniSnavia is gare-

moebac, rom TviT sakanonmdeblo normaSi (mxedvelo-
baSia saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231-e muxli) ar aris raime
miTiTeba masze, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom qurduli sa-
myaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdoba Cadenil iqnes
raime makvalificirebel garemoebebSi, romelTa Tao-
baze miTiTeba gvxvdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
kerZo nawilis sxva muxlebSi (magaliTisTvis SeiZleba
davasaxeloT saqarTvelos ssk-is 177-e, 178-e, 179-e, 180-
e, 181-e muxlebi da sxva). es garemoeba, mocemul SemTx-
vevaSi, sayuradReboa imdenad, ramdenadac winamdebare
kvlevisTvis, dasaxuli miznebidan gamomdinare, qurdu-
li samyaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdoba interesis
sagans warmoadgenen, rogorc organizebuli danaSau-
lis formebi.

danaSaulTa Taobaze warmoebul sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebSi warmodgenili sabraldebo daskvnebi da gana-
Cenebi arafers miuTiTeben maT Sesaxeb, rogorc orga-
nizebul danaSaulebze, Tumca aRniSnul dokumentebSi
braldebis fabula Camoyalibebulia iseTi SinaarsiT,
rom sruliad araorazrovnad igulisxmeba damnaSaveTa
qmedebis organizebuli xasiaTi. aRniSnulis dasadas-
tureblad SeiZleba mieTiTos Semdeg magaliTebze: q.u.-
s da sxvaTa braldebis saqmeze dadgenil ganaCenSi, rom-
liTac maT brali daedoT qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi,
560
miTiTebulia Semdegi: q.u. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi
moTavsebuli `saknis mayureblis~ _ S.a.-s sityvieri
davalebiT organizebas uwevda sakanSi myofi sxva patim-
rebis ojaxis wevrebisagan qurduli samyaros wesebiT
aRiarebul qurdul saerToSi Sesatani Tanxebis Seg-
rovebas, agreTve mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobisT-
vis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad saWiro Tanxebis Segrovebas.
igi miTiTebuli miznebiT sxvadasxva dros Segrovebul
fulad Tanxebs gadascemda z.C.-s (aRniSnuli sasje-
laRsrulebis dawesebulebis moxele), romelic Tavis
mxriv, aRniSnul Tanxebs qurduli samyaros miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad gadascemda patimar S.a.-s. amasTan,
q.u. mis mier qurduli òbSiakis~ Segrovebuli Tanxebis
nawils S.a.-s miTiTebiT itovebda TavisTan misgan miRe-
buli calkeuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
z.k-s braldebis saqmeSi arsebul sabraldebo daskvnasa

da ganaCenSi, romelsac brali daedo kanonieri qurdo-
bis CadenaSi, miTiTebulia Semdegi: z.k. 1971 wels Tbi-
lisSi, qurdul Sekrebaze _ e.w. `qurdul sxodkaze~ aw
gardacvlili kanonieri qurdis _ a.m.-s mier aRiare-
bul iqna kanonier qurdad. amis Semdeg igi sistemat-
urad iRebda monawileobas sxvadasxva kriminalur
garCevebSi, romelic dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qur-
dobas, amJamadac aRiarebs ra qurdul tradiciebs da
monawileobs qurdul Sekrebebsa da `garCevebSi~. misi
iniciativiT, saqarTveloSi ewyoboda qurduli Sekre-
bebi _ `qurduli sxodkebi~, romlebic imarTeboda sxva
kriminaluri avtoritetebis kanonier qurdad aRiare-
bis mizniT, aseve kanonieri qurdebisaTvis gavlenis sf-
eroebis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
dasaregulireblad da sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebrivi
sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. mis davalebebs saqarTvelo-
Si emorCilebian qurduli samyaros wevrebi.
561
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs,
rom is pirebi, romlebic TavianT Tavs akuTvneben qur-
dul samyaros (igulisxmebian mentalurad Camoyalibe-
buli qurduli samyaros wevrebi da kanonieri qurdebi),
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, TavianT saqmianobaSi gamoirCe-
vian maRali organizebulobiT _ aRniSnuli saqmiano-
bis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro myari organizaciuli
struqturebis CamoyalibebiT, urTierTSoris funqcie-
bis gadanawilebiT, agreTve calkeuli danaSaulebrivi
aqciebis zedmiwevniTi dagegmviTa da mkacri discip-
liniT. cxadia, aseT pirobebSi verc qurduli samyaros
wevroba da verc kanonieri qurdoba ver moiazreba am
danaSaulebSi braldebuli piris sxva damnaSaveTa orga-
nizaciul gaerTianebasTan mWidro kavSir-urTierTo-
bis gareSe. sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, qurduli samyaros
wevrobac da kanonieri qurdobac TavianTi imanenturi
bunebiT, aucileblobiT gulisxmoben maT arsebobas
organizebuli danaSaulis formiT, ris gamoc aseT vi-
TarebaSi gamoricxulia kanonmdeblis mier sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlSi
gadidebuli sasjelis daweseba aRniSnul danaSaulTa
CadenisTvis organizebuli jgufis mier, rac samarT-
lebrivad sruliad gaumarTlebeli iqneboda.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sruliad naTelia, rom

miTiTebuli samarTlebrivi Seusabamobisa da xarveze-
bisa Tu terminologiuri problemebis gamosaswore-
blad, agreTve sakanonmdeblo normebSi mocemuli
cnebebisa da kategoriebis praqtikasTan daaxloebis
mizniT, aucilebelia saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231 muxlis
iseTi axali redaqciis SemuSaveba da miReba, romelic
daakmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rac kargad gamarTul
sakanonmdeblo normas waeyeneba da romelTa Sesaxeb ze-
moT ukve iyo saubari. aseTi sakanonmdeblo normis Se-
562
muSavebisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes is garemoeba,
rom qurduli samyaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdobac
ukavSirdeba kriminalur elementebs Soris garkveuli
organizaciuli kavSiris aucilebel arsebobas, romlis
gareSe verc erTi maTgani ver iarsebebs. Tuki am kavSir-
urTierTobebma saTanado asaxva ver hpova Sesabamis
kanonSi, maSin miTiTebul antisocialur movlenasTan
srulfasovani brZolis warmoeba uTuod gaZneldeba.
yovelive aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos
ssk-is 2231 muxlis axali redaqciis erT-erTi varianti
SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT iqnes warmodgenili:
muxli 2231. danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Seqmna da

mis saqmianobaSi monawileoba
1. danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis Seqmna, romelic
xasiaTdeba misi wevrebis myari organizaciuli
kavSiriT da romlis mizania xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi gaerTianebis wevrTa erToblivi
saqmianobis organizeba sxvadasxva danaSaulTa
Casadenad an Cadenil danaSaulTa dafarvisT-
vis, an/da aseTi gaerTianebis xelmZRvaneloba,
agreTve iZulebiT an sxva gziT piris dayolieba
aRniSnuli gaerTianebis wevrobaze, mis saqmiano-
baSi monawileobis miRebaze, an masTan sxvagvarad
TanamSromlobisTvis, _ isjeba...
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis wevroba, agreTve winaswari
SecnobiT aseTi gaerTianebis saqmianobaSi monaw-
ileobis miReba an danaSaulebrivi mizniT masTan sx-
vagvarad TanamSromloba, _ isjeba...
3. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli danaSaulebri-
vi gaerTianebis wevris monawileoba kriminaluri Tu
sxva ukanono davebis gadawyvetaSi, agreTve misi sx-
vagvari saqmianoba, mimarTuli mis mier gaerTianebis
563
sxva wevrebze gavlenisa da specialuri privilegi-
uri statusis mosapoveblad an/da gaerTianebis sxva
wevrisTvis aseTive statusis misaniWeblad, dakav-
Sirebuli aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTiane-
bis wevrobisTvis savaldebulod aRiarebuli spe-
cialuri danaSaulebrivi wesebis, ritualebisa Tu
tradiciis aRsrulebasTan, mxardaWerasa da gavr-
celebasTan, riTac safrTxes uqmnis sazogadoebriv
uSiSroebasa da marTlwesrigs, _ isjeba...
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231 muxlis axali redaqciis war-

modgenili varianti, marTalia, SeiZleba ar iyos daz-
Rveuli sadavo momentebisgan, magram moqmedi sakanon-
mdeblo normisgan gansxvavebiT, masSi mocemulia mTeli
rigi kriteriumebisa, romlebic sagamoZiebo da sa-
samarTlo praqtikis TvalsazrisiT gaxdebian sasarge-
blo orientirebi piris mier Cadenili qmedebis inkri-
minirebisa da kvalifikaciis sworad gansazRvrisTvis,
agreTve monaTesave bunebis mqone iseTi sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi deliqtebisgan misi gamijvnisTvis, rogori-
caa ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna an xelmZ-
Rvaneloba an masSi monawileoba anda misi dafinanseba
(ssk-is 223-e muxli), banditizmi (ssk-is 224-e muxli) da
reketul dajgufebaSi monawileoba (ssk-is 2241-e mux-
li).
564
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori

dobis saproceso samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli da-

naSaulebi _ qurduli samyaros wevroba da kanonieri
qurdoba interess iwveven ara mxolod materialuri
samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, aramed, aseve, sisxlis samar-
Tlis procesis TvalsazrisiTac. am mimarTebiT saga-
moZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebuli sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebis Seswavlam aCvena, rom aRniSnuli
kategoriis saqmeebze braldebis dadastureba mniS-
vnelovan problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli, rasac ga-
napirobebs rogorc obieqturi, ise subieqturi mizeze-
bi. obieqtur mizezebad, romlebic aZneleben xsenebuli
danaSaulis gamovlenasa da dadgenas, SeiZleba miviCnioT
Semdegi: qurduli samyaros wevrebisa da kanonieri qur-
debis saqmianobis Zalze konspiraciuli xasiaTi; maTi
organizaciis rigebSi informatoris moZiebis an gare-
dan misi Canergvis siZnele; maTi danaSaulebrivi qmede-
bebis Semswre mowmeebisa da dazaralebulebis SiSi mxile-
buli da dakavebuli damnaSavis ukan mdgari kriminaluri
elementebisgan mosalodneli SurisZiebis mimarT, ris ga-
moc isini Tavs arideben braldebis mowmed gamosvlasa da
braldebis mxardaWeras an/da sasamarTloSi cvlian Cvene-
bebs gansasjelTa sasargeblod; samarTaldamcavi struq-
turebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebiTi informaciis
arasrulfasovneba im TvalsazrisiT, rom igi moklebulia
konkretul xasiaTs da mxolod zogadad miuTiTebs dana-
Saulebrivi faqtebis SesaZlo arsebobaze.
garda amisa, arsebobs garkveuli subieqturi faqtore-
565
bic, romlebic arTuleben qurduli samyaros wev-
robasTan da kanonier qurdobasTan brZolas. aseT faq-
torebs miekuTvneba: vinaidan ganxilul danaSaulTa
kriminalizaciidan mcire droa gasuli, jer kidev
samarTaldamcavi struqturebis muSakebisa da mosa-
marTleebis saTanado gamocdilebis uqonloba saqme-
Ta srulyofili warmoebisTvis; sazogadoebaSi mar-
TlSegnebis da kriminalur movlenebTan brZolis gan-
wyobilebis sisuste; calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqmisadmi
zerele damokidebuleba mtkicebulebebis mopovebisa
da damagrebis procesSi; aRniSnul danaSaulTa Camdeni
kriminaluri elementebis mravalwliani profesiuli
gamocdileba, rac maT saSualebas aZlevs Tavi aaridon
danaSaulSi mxilebas da gavlena iqonion mowmeebsa da
dazaralebulebze; mocemuli kategoriis saqmeebis war-
moebisas sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisi normebiT dadgenil moTxovnaTa daucveloba,
rac iwvevs mtkicebulebaTa bazis Sesustebas.
dasaxelebuli faqtorebis erToblivi moqmedeba Zalze

negatiur daRs asvams mocemuli kategoriis saqmeebze
arsebul sasamarTlo praqtikas, rac saWiroebs am mi-
marTebiT yuradRebis gaZlierebas, raTa, erTi mxriv,
qurduli samyaros wevrobasa da kanonier qurdobasTan
brZolis praqtika gaxdes ufro efeqturi, xolo meore
mxriv, saqmeTa warmoebisas maqsimalurad iqnes daculi
procesis monawileTa saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
saproceso kanoniT garantirebuli uflebebi.
rac Seexeba konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan

dakavSirebul problemebs, unda aRiniSnos Semdegi:
Tuki ganvazogadebT, umetes SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi
nakli mdgomareobs masSi, rom pirisTvis Seracxuli
braldeba Semoifargleba mxolod Zalze zogadi for-
566
mulirebebiT, sadac aRniSnulia qurduli samyaros
wevris an kanonieri qurdis kriminalur saqmianobaze,
maT kriminalur damnaSaveTa sferoSi urTierTobebsa
da kavSirebze, maT kriminalur avtoritetebad aRiare-
baze, kriminalur wreebSi maT gavlenebze da a.S., rac
miCneulia maTi braleulobis damadasturebel faq-
tobriv garemoebebad. magram aRniSnuli msjelobebiT
ar aris dazustebuli rodis, sad, ra viTarebaSi da vis
mimarT xdeboda msjavrdebulTa mier maTTvis bralad
Seracxuli qmedebebis Cadena. am moments ki arsebi-
Ti mniSvneloba gaaCnia pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis
kanonierebis TvalsazrisiT, radgan qurduli samyaros
wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobisTvis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, rogorc cnobilia, dawesda
2006 wlis dasawyisidan, xolo TiTqmis yvela saqmeSi
aRniSnulia, rom pasuxisgebaSi mocemuli da msjavrdeb-
uli piri kanonier qurdad aRiarebul iqna bevrad ufro
adre, kerZod, gasuli saukunis 70-ian, 80-ian da 90-ian
wlebSi, xolo braldebis mowmeebi romelTa umetes
nawils policiis organoebisa da sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebaTa muSakebi warmoadgenen, ver iZlevian
dazustebul informacias Tu rodis, ra periodSi axor-
cielebda gansasjeli im qmedebebsa Tu saqmianobas, rac
safuZvlad daedo mis mimarT wardgenil braldebas, vis
mimarT iqna Cadenili aRniSnuli qmedebebi, an saidan,
ra gziTa da visi meSveobiT gaxda mowmisTvis cnobili
gansasjelis kriminaluri saqmianobis Taobaze. amis
gamo braldebis mowmeTa CvenebebSi xSirad gvxvdeba gam-
onaTqvamebi imis Sesaxeb, rom gansasjelis kriminaluri
saqmianobis Taobaze misTvis cnobilia sazogadoebaSi
gavrcelebuli xmebiT, kriminalur wreebSi damkvidre-
buli azriT da a.S., romelTa faqtobrivi dadastureba
TiTqmis ar xdeba.
567
qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis msjavrdebuli pire-
bidan SeiZleba gamovyoT ori kategoria: 1) pirebi,
romlebic mWidrod arian dakavSirebulni kriminalur
wreebTan rogorc TavianTi cxovrebis wesiT, ise Tavi-
anTi RirebulebiTi orientaciiT da aqtiur monawileo-
bas iReben kriminalur saqmianobaSi; 2) pirebi, romleb-
sac, marTalia, hqondaT garkveuli Sexeba kriminalur
wresTan da mis warmomadgenlebTan, magram umetesad
es xdeboda maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, romlebic ver
axerxebdnen win aRdgomodnen kriminaluri elementebi-
sgan momdinare zewolas, ris gamoc isini gvevlinebian
rogorc uneblie xelSemwyobebi kriminalur avto-
ritetTa kanonsawinaaRmdego saqmianobisa. amitom, Sei-
Zleba iTqvas, rom am meore kategoriis pirTa moxsenieba
qurduli samyaros wevrebad, pirobiTi xasiaTisaa. amis
magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT erT-erT samarSruto
xazze momuSave mikroavtobusebis mZRolebis _ s.s.-s,
r.o.-s, v.m.-sa da sxvaTa braldebis saqme, romlebidanac
yovelTviurad xdeboda garkveuli fuladi Tanxebis
Segroveba kriminaluri avtoritetis, vinme m.a.-s mier,
romelsac akrefili Tanxebi Sehqonda qurdul salaro-
Si _ e.w. òbSiakSi~ sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi
myofi kanonieri qurdebisa da sxva kriminaluri avto-
ritetebis dasaxmareblad.
garda aRniSnulisa, qurduli samyaros wevrobasTan da-

kavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs sagamoZiebo praqtikis
araerTgvarovani midgoma erTi da igive qmedebis Camde-
ni sxvadasxva pirebis mimarT. aq mxedvelobaSia Semdegi
garemoeba: rogorc zemoT aRiniSna erT-erT saqmeze sa-
marSruto xazze momuSave ramdenime mikroavtobusis mZ-
Rolebi micemul iqnen pasuxisgebaSi qurduli samyaros
wevrobis braldebiT, imis gamo, rom maTgan ikrifeboda
568
Tanxebi qurdul salaroSi Sesatanad, romelic gadaec-
emoda kriminalur avtoritets. imave saqmeSi figurire-
ben sxva mZRolebic, romlebic aseve iZleodnen Tanxebs
kriminaluri avtoritetisTvis, magram isini ar yo-
filan micemulni pasuxisgebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
am ukanasknelebs ar ganucxadebiaT xsenebuli Tanxebis
maTgan iZulebiT warTmevis Sesaxeb. ufro metic, piri,
romelic uSualod xelmZRvanelobda mZRolebisgan
Tanxebis Sekrebas, xolo mogrovil Tanxas gadascemda
kriminalur avtoritets, aseve ar yofila micemuli
pasuxisgebaSi. analogiuri qmedebebis Camdeni pirebi-
sadmi arastandartuli midgoma mJRavndeba kidev erT,
mravalbraldebulian saqmeSi. erT-erTi braldebulis
Zma pasuxisgebaSi iqna micemuli qurduli samyaros wev-
robisTvis imis gamo, rom man Seasrula dapatimrebuli
Zmis SemoTvlili Txovna misTvis garkveuli Tanxis gag-
zavnis Taobaze, maSin, rodesac imave saqmeSi monawile
sxva braldebulis deda, romelmac dapatimrebul Svils
gaugzavna Tanxa qurduli salarosTvis, ar iqna micemu-
li pasuxisgebaSi miuxedavad imisa, rom misTvis cnobili
iyo SvilisTvis gagzavnili Tanxis daniSnuleba.

Taobaze warmoebul saqmeebSi gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxveve-
bic, rodesac sagamoZiebo organos mier ar iqna srulad
gamoyenebuli saproceso kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
SesaZleblobebi mtkicebulebebis mopovebisa da misi
damagrebisTvis. magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeSi mtkice-
bulebad miTiTebulia kriminalur elementebs Soris
warmoebuli satelefono saubris faruli Canaweri,
magram SemdegSi ar iqna Catarebuli fonogramiuli
eqspertiza xmis identifikaciis mizniT, ris gamoc
569
aRniSnuli mtkicebuleba dacvis mier, arcTu usafuZ-
vlod, sadavod iqna gamxdari. sxva SemTxvevaSi gana-
CenSi miTiTebulia, rom erT-erTma kanonierma qurdma
ucxoeTidan daureka mniSvnelovani samarTaldamcavi
struqturis erT-erT pasuxismgebel pirs, romelsac
ganucxada, rom is aris kanonieri qurdi da iTxovs kanon-
ieri qurdebis devnis Sewyvetas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
mTeli qurduli samyaro gaerTiandeba samarTaldam-
cavi organoebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad kanonieri
qurdobis dasacavad. xsenebuli mowmis Cveneba ise iqna
miRebuli mtkicebulebad, rom ar iqna Semowmebuli da
dadgenili: romeli qveynidan ganxorcielda satelefo-
no zari; romeli ucxouri mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis
kompaniis qselis meSveobiT ganxorcielda satelefono
zari dasaxelebuli mowmis nomerze; rogori iyo zaris
ganmaxorcielebeli telefonis monacemebi _ nomeri da
kodi; vis sakuTrebad iricxeboda aRniSnuli telefoni
an vis mflobelobaSi iyo igi zaris ganxorcielebisas,
razedac samarTlianad miuTiTebda dacvis mxare.
gansaxilveli kategoriis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxil-

vebisas gvxvdeba iseTi calkeuli darRvevac, romelic
xels uSlis dacvis mxares masSi, rom srulfasovnad
daicvas gansasjelis uflebebi da kanonieri intere-
sebi. magaliTad, erT-erTi saqmis ganxilvisas dacvis
mxarem saproceso normebis dacviT daayena Suamdgom-
loba dacvis damatebiTi mowmeebis dakiTxvis Taobaze,
razedac sasamarTlos mier uari eTqva im motiviT, rom
aRniSnul mowmeTa dakiTxva xels ver Seuwyobda saqmeze
WeSmaritebis dadgenas, riTac dairRva ara marto sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso normebiT, aramed saqarT-
velos konstituciiTa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb
570
evropuli konvenciiT aRiarebuli uflebebi. sxva SemTx-
vevaSi sasamarTlos mier ar iqna dakmayofilebuli dac-
vis Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebis dauSveblad cnobaze,
romelTan dakavSirebiTac damcveli miuTiTebda, rom
mtkicebulebis saqmesTan Sesaxeboba ar iyo dadgenili
daqtiloskopiuri da fiziko-teqnikuri eqspertizebis
meSveobiT. sasamarTlom uaris Tqmis safuZvlad is mo-
tivi miuTiTa, rom dacvis mxares SeeZlo TviTon Caeta-
rebina saWiro eqspertizebi mtkicebulebasTan dakav-
SirebiT, riTac faqtobrivad dacvis mxares gadaakisra
mtkicebis movaleoba, rac sruliad gaumarTlebelia.
garda aRniSnulisa, aris iseTi sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meebic, romlebSic ganaCenebi sakmaod safuZlianadaa
dasabuTebuli. ZiriTadad, es iseTi SemTxvevebia, rode-
sac pirs waaswres uSualod danaSaulis faqtze, anu
im qmedebis Cadenisas, romlebic iZlevian qurduli
samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Semadgen-
lobas. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba davasaxeloT o.g-s
braldebis saqme, romelic waswrebul iqna axalgaz-
rdebis or jgufs Soris mimdinare kriminaluri gar-
Cevisas, romelSic igi monawileobda rogorc arbitri
da aRniSnul davas wyvetda qurduli wesebiT dadge-
nili normebis Sesabamisad. TviTon o.g., uaryofda ra
danaSaulis Cadenas, axalgazrdebis davaSi mis Careva-
sa da Tavis monawileobas imiT xsnida, rom igi mamaSvi-
lur darigebebs aZlevda axalgazrdebs, raTa maT erT-
maneTSi ar eCxubaT. o.g-m pasuxi ago qurduli samyaros
wevrobisTvis. SeiZleba davasaxeloT aseve, g.S-s bral-
debis saqme, q.u-sa da S.a-s braldebis saqme, romlebsac
pasuxismgebloba daekisraT saqarTvelos ssk-is 2231
muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
571
sabolood, ASeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom qurduli samyaros
wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Taobaze arsebuli
sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo praqtikis analizidan ga-
momdinare, udavoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnuli praq-
tika saWiroebs arsebiT gaumjobesebasa da daxvewas,
raTa, erTi mxriv, ufro efeqturi gaxdes organizebuli
danaSaulis mocemul formebTan warmoebuli sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi brZola, xolo meore mxriv, maqsimalu-
rad iqnes daculi adamianis uflebebi aRniSnuli kat-
egoriis saqmeebze sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis ganxor-
cielebisas. amasTan, imave analizis Sedegad isic cxa-
dia, rom xsenebuli praqtikis gaumjobeseba da win waw-
eva ver moxdeba im sakanonmdeblo normebis daxvewisa da
ganviTarebis gareSe, romlebsac Sexeba aqvT qurduli
samyaros wevrobasa da kanonier qurdobasTan, radgan
cnobilia, rom sakanonmdeblo bazis arasrulyofileba
mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs sasamarTlo praqtikis na-
klovanebebs. amitom, xelSesaxebi pozitiuri Sedegebis
misaRebad, rogorc kanonmdeblobis, ise sasamarTlo
praqtikis yvela problema am mimarTebiT erTobliobaSi
unda iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili.
572
goCa mamulaSvili
samarTlis doqtori
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori

dobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
analizi (nawili pirveli)
`kanonieri qurdi~, anu `CarCoSi Casmuli qurdi~, sruli-

ad ucxo da gaugebari ram aris bevri qveynisTvis, ma-
gram Zalian cnobilia saqarTveloSi. `kanonieri qurdi~
rogorc damnaSaveTa samyaros erT-erTi mimarTulebis,
mparavebis winamZRoli, ruseTis cixeebSi Camoyalibda
gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. es aris rusuli warmo-
Sobis movlena, romelic gavrcelda ruseTiss mTel
teritoriaze da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. eqspertebi
Tvlian, rom kanonieri qurdis Camoyalibebas safuZv-
lad daedo ramdenime sufTa rusuli movlena Tu tradi-
cia: cimbiri, cixeebi, `lagerebi~ da sxva. aseve, es aris
rusuli samonastro tradicia da rusuli saxelmwifos
uaryofis tradicia. amas daemata stalinis cixis gansa-
kuTrebuli pirobebi da wesebi da daibada e.w. CarCoiani
qurdi rusul cixeSi. kanonieri qurdi Tavisi cxovrebis
wesiT moqceuli iyo umkacres CarCoebSi da maT arasgziT
ar gadadioda. is Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT cixis sulier
liderad da moralur mmarTvelad (winamZRolad) Camoy-
alibda. is asketi iyo. mas akrZaluli hqonda pasporti,
ojaxi, saxli da sxva raime qoneba hqonoda. is iparavda
da sakuTar saxlad miaCnda cixe. amitom moparvidan mo-
parvamde Tavisufleba misTvis droebiTi iyo, anu gamo-
dioda, rom CarCoiani qurdi saxelmwifos winaaRmdegi
iyo, oRond, mas qurdobiT ebrZoda. damnaSaveTa sam-
yaros yoveli wevri mas ndobiT da sruli morCilebiT
573
Sescqeroda, Tu ar CavTvliT qurduli tradiciis gareT
arsebul adamianebs. is iyo mosamarTlec, xelmwifec da
episkoposic mis samyaroSi arsebuli xalxisTvis.96
kriminalur organizaciaSi Sinaganma reformam qurdebs

`CarCoianis~ avtoriteti dautova, magram maT gangs-
terobis da mafiozobis elementebi SesZina. bevri maT-
gani wamyvani biznesmenia ruseTSi, nawilma saxelisu-
flebo struqturebSic SeaRwia. saqarTvelom, rogorc
rusuli saxelmwifos nawilma, miiRo rusuli qurduli
cxovreba da bevri `saxelovani~ warmomadgenelic hyav-
da. amave dros qarTvel qurdebs mainc specifikuri,
nacionaluri niSani hqondaT. ruseTisgan gansxvave-
biT, saqarTveloSi ara sacixo kulturis gamo, aramed
abragobis, kanonisadmi samxreTuli undoblobisa da
qalaquri cxovrebis koloritulobis gamo gamodga
qurduli tradicia misaRebi da popularuli.
saqarTveloSi qurduli revolucia daiwyo 1970-iani

wlebidan, roca e.w. kanonieri qurdebis institutma
qalaq Tbilisidan masobrivad gaaRwia provinciebSi da
iq mravali kriminali ekurTxa qurdad. 1990-ian wleb-
Si, roca saqarTveloSi gamocxadda damoukidebloba
da samoqalaqo omma saxelmwifos Sesusteba gamoiwvia,
kanonierma qurdebma didi gavlena moipoves qveyanaSi da
maTi asketizmidan TiTqmis aRaraferi darCa.
qarTveli kanonieri qurdebi sakmaod bevrni arian. isini

gansakuTrebiT myarad damkvidrdnen ruseTis federa-
ciaSi, ukrainaSi, Tumca zogierTi maTgani ukve evropisa
da amerikis bevr qalaqSi cxovrobs. isini, Cveulebriv,
arCeven adgilebs, sadac moxerxebulad moewyobian,
raTa marTon TavianTi uxilavi, patara `saxelmwifoebi~,
romlebic Zaladobasa da TaRliTobazea damyarebuli.
96
ix. aka morCilaZe, `mesaidumlis qamari~, Tb., 2008, gv. 161-163.
574
dRes kanonieri qurdebi TiTqmis aRar qurdoben, samagi-
erod, isini warmarTaven sxvaTa qurdobebs da saidumlo
operaciebs.
aseT viTarebaSi, cxadia, drouli da gonivruli iyo

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier organizebuli danaSau-
lisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba, romlis safuZ-
velzec kriminalizebul iqna qurduli samyaros wevro-
ba da kanonieri qurdoba.
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb saqarT-

velos kanonis mixedviT kanonieri qurdi aris qurduli
samyaros wevri, romelic qurduli samyaros special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad nebismieri formiT marTavs
an/da organizebas uwevs qurdul samyaros an pirTa
garkveul jgufs. maSasadame, kanonieri qurdoba gamoix-
ateba qurduli samyaros an pirTa jgufis marTvaSi an/
da organizebaSi. es ki konkretul moqmedebas gulisx-
mobs, romelic mtkicebis sagans Seadgens.
kanonieri qurdobis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarT-

lebriv saSualebebs Soris umniSvnelovanesi adgili
ukavia sisxlis samarTlis normebs. sisxlis samarTlis
normebis realizaciis, mniSvnelovan instruments ki sa-
samarTlo praqtika warmoadgens.
sasamarTlo praqtika, miTumetes organizebuli da-

naSaulobis winaaRmdeg, didi interesis sagania, ro-
gorc iuridiuli praqtikis, ise mecnierebis Tval-
sazrisiT. naSromis farglebSi SeZlebisdagvarad Se-
viswavleT kanonieri qurdobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtika, misi tendenciebi,
gamovTqviT mokrZalebuli mosazrebebi aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT.
575
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2008 wlis 8 agvis-
tos ganaCeniT a. p-s msjavri dasdes ssk-is 2231-e mux-
liT kanonieri qurdobisTvis, romelic ZalaSi datova
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom 2008 wlis 10 ianvris
ganaCeniT. ganaCenis aRwerilobiTi nawilis Sesabamisad,
sabraldebo daskvniT, Mmis mier Cadenili danaSauli gam-
oixata SemdegSi:A
,,a. p-i, iyo ra e.w. qurduli tradiciebis matarebeli,

1996 wlis 24 agvistos q. TbilisSi, lotkinis goraze z.
p-sTan, a. x-sTan erTad Sexvda m. s-s, g-s, Fm. m-sa da k. g-s da
maTi sikvdilis, ojaxis wevrebis awiokebis da amoxocvis,
maTi piradi qonebis sayovelTaod saSiSi saSualebiT
– afeTqebiT ganadgurebis muqariT, masze da maTi me-
gobrebis yaCaRobaSi cilis wamebisTvis jarimis dak-
isrebis motiviT ukanonod mosTxova 10 000 aSS dolaris
gadacema, risTvisac 1997 wlis 2 ivniss q. Tbilisis naZ-
aladevis raionis sasamarTlos mier iqna msjavrdebuli
ssk-is 154-e muxlis meore nawiliT (gamoZalva, Zveli
redaqciiT) da miesaja 10 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
sapyrobileSi yofnisas igi iyo e.w. qurduli tradicie-
bis aqtiuri mimdevari, sxva msjavrdebulebze axdenda
zewolas e.w. ,,qurduli saerTos~ SekrebisTvis, aiZuleb-
da maT eTamaSaT azartuli TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdi-
lobda qurduli samyaros mxardaWeras da maTi ideebis
propagandas. sasjelis moxdis Semdgom, a. p-i danaSau-
lebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebis mizniT 1999 wels gae-
mgzavra ruseTis federaciaSi – q. moskovSi. 2004 wels
q. moskovSi igi damnaSaveTa samyaros liderebis Sekre-
baze aRiarebul iqna kanonier qurdad. Aa. p-i q. moskovis
olqis teritoriaze iyo moqmedi qarTuli organizebu-
li danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis lideri, sistematurad
iRebda monawileobas e.w. qurdul garCevebSi, aZlevda
davalebebs qurduli samyaros wevrebs, e.w. ,,momav-
lebs,~ monawileoba mieRoT sxvadasxva saxis mZime da
576
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebrivi qmedebis CadenaSi,
romelTa ganxorcielebac emsaxureboda qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs. igi, rogorc qurduli tradiciebis aq-
tiuri mimdevari, araerTxel iqna dakavebuli kanonieri
qurdebis Sekrebebze, e.w. ,,sxadniakebze,~ ruseTis fed-
eraciis teritoriaze. kriminalur wreebSi gavlenas
axdenda rogorc sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi
moTavsebul, aseve TavisuflebaSi myof kriminalur
elementebze. Aa. p-s gaaCnia farTo danaSaulebrivi kav-
Sirebi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve, mis sazRvrebs
gareT. igi ruseTis federaciaSi mfarvelobda iq myof
qarTvel da ucxoel biznesmenebs, raTa sxva moqmedi
kriminaluri dajgufebebis mxridan ar hqonoda adgili
maTTvis fulis gamoZalvis faqtebs, ris sanacvlodac
maTgan iRebda e.w. ,,wilebs~, romelic xmardeboda qur-
duli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas. a. p-i q. mosk-
ovidan saqarTveloSi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-
baSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri qurdis z. p-s meSveobiT
zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarTveloSi myof kriminalur
avtoritetebze.~
braldebis mier mopovebuli mtkicebulebebidan mniS-

vnelovania mowmeTa Cvenebebi da dakavebis dros ga-
keTebuli videoCanaweri, riTac dgindeba, rom daka-
vebis dros a. p-m ganacxada, rom igi kanonieri qurdia da
cxovrobs qurduli samyaros wesebiTa da cxovrebiT.
sagulisxmoa, rom winaswari gamoZiebis dros micemuli
Cveneba a. p-m sasamarTloSi Secvala da ganacxada, rom
Tavs damnaSaved ar scnobda. braldebulis aRiareba
ra Tqma unda ar iTvleba mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad,
magram mniSvnelovan samxils warmoadgens. braldebis
mxaris sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom e.w. kanonieri
qurdisgan aRiarebis miReba mniSvnelovani warmatebaa,
radganac msgavsi mtkicebulebis mopoveba sirTules
577
warmoadgens bolo periodSi, radganac kanonieri qur-
debis didi nawili ukve Tavs aridebs kanonieri qurdo-
bis sajaro aRiarebas. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovan cvli-
lebas warmoadgens e.w. qurdul wesebSi, radganac adre,
nebismier situaciaSi, kiTxvaze Tu vin iyo kanonieri
qurdi valdebuli iyo ganecxadebina sakuTari vinaobis
da qurduli samyarosadmi kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb. dana-
Saulebriv organizaciaSi aRniSnuli wesi am bolo peri-
odSi Seicvala da e.w. kanonieri qurdebisgan aRiarebis
miReba rTul amocanas warmoadgens. dResdReobiT
maTi vinaobis Sesaxeb kiTxvaze e.w. kanonieri qurdebi
pasuxoben, rom arian moqalaqeebi, adamianebi da a.S. da
yvelanairad arideben Tavs samarTaldamcavebTan imis
aRiarebas, rom e.w. kanonier qurdebs warmoadgenen. ze-
moaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, braldebis mxaris mier
mopovebuli mtkicebuleba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo-
bas iZens. kanonieri qurdobis aRiareba ar warmoad-
gens piris mier sakuTari socialuri statusis Sesaxeb
cnobis miwodebas, rogorc es SeiZleba erTi SexedviT
CaiTvalos. kanonieri qurdoba es aris danaSaulebrivi
organizebuli jgufis xelmZRvaneloba da aRniSnulis
aRiarebac zustad kriminaluri organizaciisadmi kuT-
vnilebis aRiarebas niSnavs.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebuli mniSvnelovani

mtkicebulebebis miuxedavad, Cveni azriT, braldebis
mxares ukeTesad unda warmoedgina a. p-Svilis mier Ca-
denili qmedebis saqarTvelosTan Semxeblobis sakiTxi.
ssk-is 2231-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli `kanonieri qur-
doba~ blanketuri normaa da qmedebis arsi dgindeba ka-
noniT òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~
sadac ganmartebulia, rom kanonieri qurdoba gamoix-
ateba qurduli samyaros an pirTa jgufis marTvaSi an/
da organizebaSi. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebidan
578
ar Cans Tu raSi gamoixata a. p.-s mier qurduli samyaros
an pirTa jgufis marTva an/da organizeba, amasTan es
yovelive ra SemxeblobaSi iyo saqarTvelosTan. sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeSi Cans, rom a. p. kriminalur saqmi-
anobas eweoda saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, kerZod
ruseTSi.97 saqarTvelos teritoriaze, an saqarvelos
interesebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli a. p-s krimi-
naluri saqmianobis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi
sasurvelia braldebas meti mtkicebuleba moepovebina.
sazRvargareT piris danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba imav-
droulad ar niSnavs saqarTveloSi misi dasjadobis
samarTlebriv SesaZleblobas. ssk-is me-5 muxlis me-2
nawilis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos moqalaqes, romelmac
sazRvargareT Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
normebiT akrZaluli qmedeba da romelic ar isjeba im
qveynis kanonmdeblobiT sadac qmedeba ganxorcielda,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi Tu ganxorcielda saqarTvelos intere-
sebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSauli. saqarTvelosTan danaSaulebriv Semxe-
blobasTan dakavSirebiT sabraldebo daskvnaSi miTiTe-
bulia, rom à. p. qalaq moskovidan saqarTveloSi sasje-
laRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri
qurdis z. p-s meSveobiT zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarT-
veloSi myof kriminalur avtoritetebze.~ sabraldebo
daskvnaSi ar Cans konkretulad ra saxis zemoqmedebas
axdenda a. p. moskovidan, arada zustad aRniSnulis dad-
97
braldebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebidan sagu-
lisxmoa ruseTis federaciis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
gverdnaxevriani werili, sadac a. p. dasaxelebulia krimi-
nalad (kanonier qurdad). igi da mis mier organizebuli jgu-
fi moskovSi da moskovis olqis teritorize sCadis mZime da-
naSaulebs; Mmas kavSiri aqvs saqarTvelodan gamosul kanonier
qurdebTan, magram konkretulad visTan, werilSi aRwerili
Aaraa.
579
geniT braldeba srulad asaxavda a. p-s mier Cadenil
danaSaulis suraTs. Sesabamisad, dacvis mxare aRar im-
sjelebda imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom a. p-s saqarTvelo-
Si araferi dauSavebia, misi qmedeba ar iyo mimarTuli
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg, gansasjelis
saqmianoba ruseTis farglebs ar gascdenia da Sesabam-
isad ar arsebobs saqarTvelos kanonebiT misi dasjis
safuZveli.
qvemoT vrclad iqneba ganxiluli, xolo aq mokled

aRvniSnavT, rom Cveni azriT, e.w. kanonieri qurdebis
da qurduli samyaros wevrebis pasuxismgeblobis sa-
fuZveli ganxiluli unda iqnes organizebuli danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevris an xelmZRvanelis kriminali-
zebuli formebis analogiurad. magaliTad SeiZleba
dasaxeldes iseTi organizebuli jgufebis wevroba/
xelmZRvaneloba rogoricaa banda, teroristuli orga-
nizacia da a.S. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi piris pasuxisgebaSi
misacemad braldeba adgens mxolod piris kavSirs orga-
nizebul jgufTan. dRes arsebuli normatiuli sinamd-
viliT, kanonieri qurdis pasuxisgebaSi misacemad bral-
deba valdebulia organizebul jgufis wevrobasTan
erTad daadginos is faqtic, rom piri marTavs an/da xe-
lmZRvanelobs qurdul samyaros. kanonis msgavsi moTx-
ovna piris danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sefasebis sakiTxSi
warmoSobs problemebs, da aRniSnuli gamovlinda kide-
vac sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCenebis Seswav-
lisas. organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZo-
lis gamocdileba da Tanamedrove praqtika gviCvenebs,
rom organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebis warmo-
madgenelTa pasuxisgebaSi misacemad unda daveyrdnoT
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis koncef-
cias, rac imas niSnavs, rom piris pasuxisgebaSi misace-
mad braldebam unda daadginos mxolod misi kuTvnileba
580
danaSaulebriv organizaciasTan. msgavsi sakanonmde-
blo da sasamarTlo praqtika arsebobs rogorc ameri-
kis SeerTebul StatebSi98 ise italiaSi. e.w. qurduli
samyaro da kanonieri qurdebi warmoadgens Cveulebriv
kriminalur organizacias da maTi pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxic organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis wevro-
bis/xelmZRvanelobis mixedviT unda gadawydes.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT,

rom organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb
kanoniT dadgenili qmedebis obieqturi mxaris niSnebi,
marTva an/da organizeba, problemebs qmnis braldebis
mtkicebis procesSi, amitom sasurvelia Sesabamisi Ses-
worebebi Sevides masSi.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, iseve rogorc e.w.

kanonieri qurdebis mimarT gamotanil sxva ganaCenebSic
braldebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi, eyrd-
noba faqtebs, romelTac kanonieri qurdobis krimi-
nalizaciamde hqonda adgili. braldebam a. p-is saqmeSi
warmoadgina mtkicebulebebi, romelTa mixedviTac
dgindeba, rom igi 1997 wlis 2 ivniss msjavrdebul iqna
ssk-is 154-e muxliT (1960 wlis ssk) da sasjelis saxed
da formad miesaja 10 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. sasa-
marTlo ganaCenis mixedviT sasjelis moxdis periodSi
à. p. iyo qurduli tradiciebis aqtiuri mimdevari,
sxva mjavrdebulebze axdenda zewolas e.w. `qurduli
saerTos~ SekrebisTvis, aiZulebda eTamaSaT azartuli
TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdilobda qurduli samyaros mx-
ardaWeras da maTi ideebis propagandas~. samwuxarod,
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi naTlad ar Cans kanonieri
98
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika organizebul da-
naSaulTan brZolis aspeqtiT dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli
saqarTvelos antireketuli normebis analizisas.
581
qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdeg, kerZod, 2006 wlis
28 aprilidan, eweoda Tu ara a. p kanonier qurdobas da
raSi gamoixateboda misi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba.
Cveni azriT, sasurveli iqneboda braldebas moepove-
bina mtkicebulebebi, romlebic naTlad miuTiTebdnen
a. p-is kriminaluri saqmianobis (e.w. qurduli garCeve-
bis, saerTo salaros Sekrebis an sxva qmedebebi) Sesaxeb
kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdgom.
gansasjelma a. p-im sasamarTlo sxdomaze wardgenil

braldebaSi Tavi ar scno damnaSaved, kerZod SekiTx-
vaze, _ `scnobda Tu ara wardgenil braldebaSi Tavs
damnaSaved~, _ upasuxa, rom Tavs damnaSaved ar scnobda.
procesis Semdgom msvlelobas gansasjeli ar daswre-
bia sasamarTlosadmi undoblobis motiviT. sagulisx-
moa, mocemul saqmeSi dacvis mxaris pozicia, romelic
damcvelis mier ganviTarebuli dacvis strategiis
TvalsazrisiT, kritikas ver uZlebs. mocemul saqmeSi
damcveli sworad miuTiTebs im faqtorze, rom a. p.-s
danaSauli saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar Caudenia. am
debulebidan gamomdinare askvnis, rom saqarTvelos
`Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ukanonod daakava piri,
romelsac faqtobrivad danaSauli ar Caudenia, radgan
igi imyofeboda ruseTSi. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom ruse-
Tis kanonmdebloba amgvar faqts saerTod ar scnobs
danaSaulad.~ sagulisxmoa is, rom ucxo qveyanaSi myofi
piris qmedeba, romelic ar aris dasjadi qmedebis ganx-
orcilebis adgilze, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT im
SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba danaSaulad Tu es qmedeba aris
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime
an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli, anda Tu sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba am danaSaulisaTvis gaT-
valiswinebulia saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT.
582
saubrobs ra misi dacvis qveS myofi piris udanaSau-
lobaze, damcveli saboloo moTxovnas ayalibebs amg-
varad: `me ar veTanxmebi warmodgenil braldebas, ma-
gram Tu sasamarTlo mis mimarT mainc gamoitans gamam-
tyunebel ganaCens, gTxovT gaiTvaliswinoT is, rom igi
ar aris nasamarTlevi, hyavs meuRle da 2 Svili, faqti-
urad igi saqarTveloSi ar moqmedebda da arc imyofe-
boda, gaiTvaliswinoT yovelive zemoaRniSnuli da al-
ternativis saxiT, ganusazRvroT sasjelis minimumi~. im
dros, rodesac damcveli amtkicebs dacvis qveS myofis
udanaSaulobas, xolo gansasjeli ar scnobs Tavs dam-
naSaved wardgenil braldebaSi, dacvis mxaris saboloo
moTxovna, rom gansasjels ganesazRvros sasjelis mini-
mumi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos marTebulad da Cveni azriT
xelyofs dacvis uflebas, radganac damcveli gansasje-
lis pozicias gascda da piris gamarTlebis magivrad
sasjelis minimumis daniSvna moiTxova.
dacvis mxare ar msjelobs aseve iseT mniSvnelovan

sakiTxze, rogoricaa gansasjelis mier qmedebis Semad-
genlobis niSnebis ganxorcieleba – arganxorcilebis
sakiTxi da iseT araarsebiT detalebze amaxvilebs yura-
dRebas, rac saqmis arss faqtobrivad ar cvlis. dacvis
mxares unda emsjela, xorcieldeboda Tu ara gansasje-
lis mier qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesa-
bamisad qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveuli jgufis
marTva an/da organizeba, ramdenad iyo saTanado mt-
kicebulebebi warmodgenili braldebis mxaris mxridan
da saqarTvelos teritoriaze an saqarTvelos interese-
bis sawinaaRmdegod, ucxo qveynis teritoriaze raSi gam-
ovlinda danaSaulis SemadgenlobiT aRwerili niSnebi.
dacvis mxare miuTiTebs agreTve im faqtze, rom a. p.

saqmianobas eweoda ruseTSi da saqarTvelosTan ara-
583
nairi kavSiri ar hqonda. `minda mogaxsenoT, _ ambobs
advokati, _ rom a. p. cxovrobda moskovSi 7-8 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, igi saqarTveloSi iSviaTad Camodioda.
moskovSi eweoda saqmianobas da es saqmianoba ar iyo
dakavSirebuli kriminalebTan.~ dacvis mxares apeli-
reba unda gaekeTebina ara im faqtorze, rom gansasjeli
saqmianobda moskovSi da es saqmianoba ar iyo dakavSire-
buli kriminalebTan, aramed imaze, rom misi qmedeba ar
Seicavda im danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebs, romle-
bic bralad eracxeboda gansasjels. p-is sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeze sagulisxmoa sasamarTlo ganaCenis samo-
tivacio nawili, sadac moxseniebulia is, rom 1997 wlis
2 ivnisis ganaCenis safuZvelze Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
moxdis periodSi à. p. iyo qurduli tradiciebis aqti-
uri mimdevari, sxva msjavrdebulebze axdenda zewolas
e.w. `qurduli saerTos~ SekrebisTvis, aiZulebda eTama-
SaT azartuli TamaSebi, yovelmxriv cdilobda qurdu-
li samyaros mxardaWeras da maTi ideebis propagandas.
sasjelis moxdis Semdgom, a. p. danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bis gagrZelebis mizniT, 1999 wels gaemgzavra ruseTis
federaciaSi, q. moskovSi. 2004 wels q. moskovSi damna-
SaveTa liderebis Sekrebaze aRiarebul iqna kanonier
qurdad. a. p. q. moskovis olqis teritoriaze iyo moq-
medi qarTuli organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis
lideri, sistematurad iRebda monawileobas e.w. qur-
dul garCevebSi, aZlevda davalebebs qurduli samyaros
wevrebs...~, rogorc vxedavT ganaCenis TiTqmis mTeli
samotivacio nawili eZRvneba a. p-is saqmianobis aRweras
ruseTis federaciaSi da ar aris konkretuli indika-
tori, Tu ratom moxvda a. p. qarTuli marTlmsajulebis
sferoSi. arada es uciloblad unda iyos asaxuli ga-
naCenis samotivacio nawilSi, Tu ris gamo moxda a. p-s
msjavrdeba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Se-
sabamisad, imis miuxedavad rom igi saqmianobda ruse-
584
Tis federaciaSi. ssk-is me-5 muxlis Sesabamisad, saqa-
rTvelos moqalaqis mier sazRvargareT danaSaulis
Cadenisas, saxeze unda iyos saqarTvelos interesebis
sawinaaRmdego mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli.
sasamarTlo ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi ucilo-
blad unda iyos msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom aris
a. p-is saqmianoba ruseTis federaciaSi, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT dasjadi. mniSvnelovani detali rac
sasamarTlo ganaCenSi aRniSnulze miuTiTebs isaa, rom
à. p-i q. moskovidan saqarTveloSi sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebaSi myofi misi Zmis kanonieri qurdis z.p-
is meSveobiT zemoqmedebas axdenda saqarTveloSi myof
kriminalur avtoritetebze.~ sasamarTlos ganaCenis
samotivacio nawilSi aRniSnuli garemoebisTvis gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmo da erTi wina-
dadebiT ar unda Semofargluliyo. zustad aRniSnulSi
vlindeba a. p-is dasjadobis safuZveli da ara imaSi, rom
igi ruseTis federaciaSi iRebda wilebs da eweoda sxva
qmedebebs, romelTa aRwerasac eZRvneba ganaCenis mniS-
vnelovani nawili. sasamarTlo gamoZiebas detalurad
unda gamoerkvia, Tu ra saxis zemoqmedebas axdenda mos-
kovidan a. p. saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebiT sistema-
Si moTavsebul patimrebze da gamoekveTa saqarTvelos
interesebis Selaxva aRniSnuli qmedebiT.
zustad imaSi, rom a. p. moskovidan axdenda uaryofiT

zemoqmedebas saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebiT siste-
maSi ganTavsebul patimrebze, gamoixateba organize-
buli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis mixedviT gansazRvruli kanonieri qurdobis
obieqturi mxaris niSnebi, marTva an/da organizeba.
sasamarTlo ganaCenSi dadgenili da ganmartebuli unda
yofiliyo, ra saxis zegavlenas axdenda a.p. ruseTidan,
rogor marTavda igi an/da organizebas uwevda saqarT-
585
velos teritoriaze TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs da
yovelive aRniSnuliT, rogor Seilaxa qveynis interesi
arsebiTad.
Telavis raionuli sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 3 noembris

ganaCeniT g. g-s msjavri daedo masSi, rom man Caidina
kanonieri qurdoba, danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-
is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT. ganaCenis mixedviT, misi
danaSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: `1998-2003 wlebSi g. g-m
qurduli mentalitetis mqone pirebisagan Camoayaliba
danaSaulebrivi jgufi da qurdulad arCevda sadavo
sakiTxebs, riTac moqmedebda qurduli wesebis Sesabam-
isad, romlis mizani iyo daSineba, muqara, iZuleba da
qurduli garCevis gziT finansuri sargeblis miReba,
riTac SeiZina garkveuli qoneba q. TelavSi. gamoZiebiT
dadgenil iqna, rom Telavis raionis sofel SalaurSi
mcxovreb b. W-s hqonda TelavSi mcxovrebi v. b-is vali,
ris gamoc maT Soris iyo daZabuli urTierToba. 1999
wlis agvistoSi, saqmis garCevis mizniT, b. W-m saqmeSi
CarTo kanonieri qurdi g. g., romelmac a. b-i daibara
SuamTis tyeSi arsebuli restornis mimdebare terito-
riaze, ra drosac g. g-m sityvieri da fizikuri Seura-
cxyofa miayena mas da uTxra, rom b. W-sagan vals veRar
miiRebda. amiT ganawyenebulma v. b-ma 1999 wlis Semod-
gomaze b. W-is Svils v. W-s gamoarTva misi kuTvnili av-
tomanqana da uTxra, rom manqanas valis gadaxdis Semdeg
daubrunebda. amasTan dakavSirebiT, g. g-m meore dRes
v. b-i daibara q. TelavSi, sadac moxda saqmis garCeva, ra
drosac g. g-m aiZula v. b-i, b. W-sTvis daebrunebina misi
kuTvnili avtomanqana. amis Semdeg, v. b-i ramdenjerme
Seecada b. W-sagan Tavisi kuTvnili Tanxis miRebas, ma-
gram yoveli mcdelobis dros g. g. emuqreboda mas da
eubneboda Tavi daenebebina am ukanasknelisTvis.~
586
2008 wlis 29 maiss msjavrdebulma da misi interese-
bis damcvelma advokatma Telavis raionuli sasamarT-
los ganaCeni gaasaCivres saapelacio wesiT. saCivarSi
apelantebi aRniSnaven, rom mowmeebs, romelTa Cvenebebi
safuZvlad daedo gamamtyunebel ganaCens, ar SeuZliaT
miuTiTon informaciis wyaro (mxedvelobaSia g. g.-s
kanonieri qurdobis faqti), ris gamoc maTi Cvenebebi
ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gamamtyunebel ganaCens
(ssk-is me-10, me-11 muxlebi), amis garda, g. g-Zes 1998-2002
wlebSi romc gaerCia qurduli wesebiT saqme, `kanonieri
qurdoba~ 2006 wlis maisamde danaSaulad ar iTvleboda,
ris gamoc, saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis sa-
fuZvelze, g. g-ze ssk-is 2231-e muxli ukuZaliT ar unda
gavrceldes. amasTanave, g. g-Ze aris ruseTis federaci-
is moqalaqe, romelic 2003 wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi
ar Camosula, xolo ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs `kanonieri qurdobis~
danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, ris gamoc is ar unda daisa-
jos ssk-is 2231-e muxliT.
saapelacio sasamarTlom ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi

miuTiTa, rom: ,,saapelacio sasamarTlo ver gaiziarebs
dacvis mxaris arguments, rom g. g-s ar SeiZleba msjavri
daedos ssk-is 2231-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
SaulisTvis, radgan aRniSnuli qmedeba dasjadi gaxda
2006 wlidan, vinaidan ssk-is 2231-e muxlis meore nawil-
iT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis dasja-
dobisaTvis sakmarisia Tavad faqtis arseboba, rom piri
aris `kanonieri qurdi~. cota qvemoT grZeldeba _ pal-
atas miaCnia, rom `kanonieri qurdoba~ aris denadi da-
naSauli, romelic uwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis
SeZenidan mis gauqmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabam-
isad qurduli garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi.
g. g-Zis mier qurdulad saqmis garCeva gamoixata zemoT
587
dasaxelebuli mowmeebis CvenebebiT, riTac dasturde-
ba, rom g. g-Ze `kanonieri qurdis~ statusis matarebeli
iyo im periodSi, roca moxda saqmis garCeva, rac mas ar
daukargavs da kvlavac iTvleba `kanonier qurdad~. da
kidev erTi argumenti _ g. g-Zis kanonier qurdobas mow-
mobs is garemoeba, rom Cvenebis micemisas man Tavi aari-
da pirdapir gaeca pasuxi kiTxvaze, aris Tu ara is kanon-
ieri qurdi. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
palatas dadasturebulad miaCnia, rom g. g-Zem Caidina
marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba, danaSauli
gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 2231 muxlis meore nawiliT.~
mocemul saqmeze sasamarTlo ganaCenis analizi kidev
erTxel adasturebs Cvens pozicias imis Sesaxeb, rom
e.w. kanonieri qurdebis da qurduli samyaros wevrebis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi unda
gadawydes organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis xe-
lmZRvanelisa da wevris pasuxismgeblobis principis
Sesabamisad, ise rogorc es xdeba organizebuli jgufe-
bis iseTi kriminalizebuli formebis dros, rogoricaa
banda, teroristuli organizacia da a.S.
sasamarTlo logikurad mivida im daskvnamde, rom ssk-

is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-
Saulebrivi qmedebis dasjadobisaTvis sakmarisia Ta-
vad faqtis arseboba, rom piri aris `kanonieri qurdi~.
ideaSi asec unda gadawyvetiliyo saqarTvelos kanonSi
organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb, magram
unda aRiniSnos, rom ssk-is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebisTvis pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisrebisas danaSaulebrivi jgufis
wevroba/xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad, saxeze unda iyos
garkveuli sociumis qurduli samyaros wesebis Sesabam-
isad marTva an/da organizeba. kanonis moTxovnebidan
gamomdinare sakmarisi ar aris piris mxolod kuTvnile-
588
ba organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisadmi da Sesa-
bamisad saWiroa dadgindes e.w. kanonieri qurdis mier
konkretuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba. konkretuli
qmedeba, romelic dRes moqmedi antiqurduli normebis
Sesabamisad e.w. kanonierma qurdma unda ganaxorcielos
imisTvis, rom saxeze iyos qmedebis Semadgenlobis obieq-
turi mxaris niSnebi, gamoixateba qurdulis samyaros
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad garkveuli sociumis
marTvaSi an/da organizebaSi. ganaCenis samotivacio
nawilSi ar Cans konkretulad raSi gamoixata qurduli
samyaros marTva an/da organizeba.
gansasjelis braleulobis dasasabuTeblad sasamarT-

los moaqvs kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciamde
momxdari qurduli garCevis faqti, da miuTiTebs, rom
`kanonieri qurdoba~ aris denadi danaSauli, romel-
ic uwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis SeZenidan mis
gauqmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabamisad qur-
duli garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi.~ denadi
danaSauli erTiani danaSaulis saxes warmoadgens da
misi arsi gansazRvrulia ssk-is me-13 muxlSi, romlis
mixedviTac `denadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an mux-
lis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic
iwyeba moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT da romelic Semdeg
uwyvetad xorcieldeba.~ denadi danaSaulis gamovline-
bas warmoadgens teroristuli organizaciis xelmZR-
vaneloba/wevroba, bandis xelmZRvaneloba/wevroba da
a.S., iqidan gamomdinare, rom organizebuli danaSau-
lobis am ukanasknel formebSi pasuxismgeblobis sa-
fuZvels organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisadmi
kuTvnileba warmoadgens. rac Seexeba kanonier qurdo-
bas/qurduli samyaros wevrobas, am SemTxvevaSi pasux-
ismgeblobis safuZveli organizebul danaSaulebrivi
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebasTan erTad konkretuli qmede-
589
bebis ganxorcielebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, saxezea ara
denadi, aramed gangrZobadi danaSauli. saapelacio
palata TviTonve miuTiTebs, rom kanonieri qurdoba
ùwyvetad xorcieldeba am statusis SeZenidan mis gau-
qmebamde, rac vlindeba wesebis Sesabamisad qurduli
garCevis TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi~. qurduli gar-
Cevis TiToeuli faqti unda miviCnioT danaSaulebrivi
qmedebis gamovlenis formad da Sesabamisad saxezea ara
denadi, aramed gangrZobadi danaSauli, romelic er-
Tiani danaSaulis ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebul meore for-
mas warmoadgens. ssk-is me-14 muxlis Sesabamisad `gan-
grZobadia am kodeqsis erTi muxliT an muxlis nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, romelic moicavs er-
Tiani mizniTa da saerTo ganzraxviT Cadenil or an
met qmedebas.~ sabolood SesaZlebelia davaskvnaT,
rom kanonieri qurdobisa da qurduli samyaros wevris
dRevandeli sakanonmdeblo redaqcia, gulisxmobs misi
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas ara denadi, aramed gan-
grZobadi danaSaulis formiT. kanonis aRniSnul for-
mulirebas Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT ver daveTanxmebiT,
radganac, rogorc araerTxel aRvniSneT, miviCnevT, rom
e.w. kanonieri qurdobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis safuZ-
veli unda emyarebodes organizebuli danaSaulebrivi
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebas, da aqedan gamomdinare, unda
warmoadgendes denad danaSauls. erTia Cveni mosazreba
da samomavlod normis srulyofis survili, da meorea
is, rom sasamarTlo ganaCeni unda Seesabamebodes mo-
qmed normebs da ganaCenis gamotanis momentisTvis arse-
buli normatiuli sinamdviliT kanonieri qurdoba gan-
grZobadi danaSaulis saxes warmoadgenda.
ganaCenSi aris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom `g. g. qur-

dis statusis matarebeli iyo im periodSi, roca moxda
saqmis garCeva, rac mas ar daukargavs da kvlavac iTv-
590
leba `kanonier qurdad.~ sasurveli iqneboda sasamarT-
los samotivacio nawilSi qurdis statusis Sesaxeb ar
emsjela da pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis dasabuTebi-
sTvis ar moetana is faqtori, rom pirs gaaCnia esa Tu is
statusi. sagulisxmoa, rom piris dasjadoba efuZneba
ar mis socialur statuss, aramed ganxorcielebul
marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleul qmedebas. sasamarT-
los yuradReba unda gaemaxvilebina ara qurdis sta-
tusze, aramed ganxorcilebul danaSaulebriv qmede-
bebze, raSic gamoixata konkretulad misi kanonieri
qurdoba. kanonieri qurdoba aris ara socialuri sta-
tusi, aramed organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufisad-
mi kuTvnilebis gamomxatveli. iseve rogorc danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis sxva formebi, magaliTad bandis,
teroristuli organizaciis wevroba/xelmZRvaneloba,
kanonieri qurdoba warmoadgens qurduli kriminaluri
organizaciis wevroba/xelmZRvanelobas da aRniSnuli
socialuri statusi ki ar aris, aramed danaSaulebrvi
qmedebaa.
kanonmdebelma bandis, teroristuli organizaciis,

ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis da sxva organizaci-
uli kriminaluri formebis dasjadobis etapi winare,
momzadeba _ mcdelobis, stadiaze gadmoitana aRniS-
nuli qmedebebis gansakuTrebulad saSiSi socialuri
xasiaTis gamo. unda aRiniSnos, rom banditi, teroristi
da a.S. socialuri statusi ki ar aris, aramed piris da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebis mimaniS-
nebeli. teroristis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba, sxvaTa
Soris, gamoixateba imaSi, rom gawevrianda teroristul
organizaciaSi. analogiuria kanonieri qurdis SemTxve-
vac. kanonieri qurdi aris kriminaluri organizaciis
wevri da misi qmedebis dasjadobis safuZvelic zustad
imaSia, rom piri gawevrianda danaSaulebriv organiza-
591
ciaSi da ara imaSi, rom kanonieri qurdoba socialuri
statusia. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kanon-
ieri qurdoba socialuri statusi ar aris, kanonieri
qurdoba kriminaluri organizaciisadmi kuTvnilebas
niSnavs da qmedebaSi, kerZod qurdul organizaciaSi
gawevrianebaSi gamoixateba. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqmedi
kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, kanon-
ieri qurdis dasjadobisTvis sakmarisi ar aris mxolod
kriminaluri organizaciis wevrobis dadgena, kanonier-
ma qurdma qurduli samyaros wesebis Sesabamisad unda
marTos an/da organizeba gauwios garkveul sociums.
g. g-s mimarT gamotanil sasamarTlo ganaCenSi, iseve

rogorc kanonieri qurdebis winaaRmdeg gamotanil
sxva ganaCenebSi, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia kanonieri
qurdobis kriminalizaciamdel faqtebze da naklebi
mtkicebulebaa saxeze 2006 wlis 28 aprilis Semdgom
periodSi aRniSnuli pirebis kriminaluri saqmianobis
Sesaxeb. kanonmdeblis mier kanonieri qurdobis dana-
Saulad gamocxadebamde Cadenili qmedebebis aRwera, ra
Tqma unda warmoaCens kriminalis saqmianobis srul su-
raTs, Tumca sasurveli iqneboda braldebis mxares meti
mtkicebuleba moepovebina iseT garemoebaze, romelic
daadasturebda kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis
Semdeg, kerZod 2006 wlis 28 aprilidan g. g-s mier qur-
duli samyaros interesebis Sesabamisad raime qmedebis
ganxorcielebas. aRniSnulad SesaZlebelia CaTvlili-
yo qurduli garCevis mowyoba, qurduli saerTo sala-
rosTvis Tanxebis Sekreba, an sxva raime qmedeba. g. g-s
saqmeSi mniSvnelovania braldebis mxaris is mtkiceb-
ulebebi, romelTa mixedviTac g. g. moskovidan TelavSi
marTavda pirTa danaSaulebriv jgufs. g. g.-s mier pir-
Ta jgufis marTva xorcieldeboda ukve e.w. kanonieri
qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdeg. sasurveli iqneboda
592
imis detaluri garkveva raSi gamoixateboda danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis marTva, vin Sedioda aRniSnul jgufSi
da a.S., radganac aRniSnuls didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia
kanonieri qurdobis braldebis gasamyareblad.
kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciis Semdgom, piris

danaSaulebrivi qmedebis asaxva sanimuSodaa mocemuli
magaliTad m. a.-s, metsaxelad `qucas~ winaaRmdeg ga-
motanil sasamarTlo ganaCenSi, romlis samotivacio
nawilSi aRwerilia aramxolod qmedebis kriminal-
izaciamde, aramed kriminalizaciis Semdgomac piris da-
naSaulebrivi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. aRniSnul ganaCenSi
aseve dadgenilia im pirTa wre, romelsac marTavda da
organizebas uwevda kriminaluri avtoriteti metsaxe-
lad `quca~. sasamarTlo ganaCenis samotivacio nawilis
mixedviT: `m. a. scnobs da aRiarebs ra qurduli samyaros
cxovrebis wesebs, danaSaulis Camdeni piris d. x-s sa-
sargeblod dafara am ukanasknelis mier Cadenili mZime
danaSauli, risTvisac 1997-1998 wlebSi sasjels ixdida
geguTis sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi. sasje-
lis moxdisas aqtiurad asrulebda qurduli samyaros
specialur wesebs, mas urTierToba hqonda qurduli
samyaros wevrebTan da kanonier qurdebTan, romleb-
sac xels uwyobda qurduli samyaros marTvaSi. maTgan
Rebulobda sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organize-
basTan da ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebul Txovnebsa
da davalebebs da qurduli samyaros wevrTaTvis sarge-
blis miRebis mizniT axdenda danaSaulebrivi gegmis Se-
muSavebas.
sasjelis moxdisgan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, maT So-

ris mas Semdeg, rac qurduli samyaros wevroba sisxlis
samarTlis wesiT dasjadi qmedeba gaxda, m. a-m gaagr-
Zela cxovreba qurduli samyaros specialuri wese-
bis Sesabamisad. aqtiurad ganagrZobda urTierTobebs
593
sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi myof kanonier
qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan, kerZod, b.
i-sTan, h. b-sTan, d. m-sTan, i. g-sTan, r. j-sTan, g-sTan, z.
p-Tan, ruseTis federaciaSi msjavrdebul S. g-sTan, qur-
duli tradiciebis matareblebTan – k. l-sTan, v. b-sTan,
a. a-sTan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels uwyobs qurduli
samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs sxvadasxva dana-
Saulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganxorcielebasTan
dakavSirebul Txovnebs da asrulebs davalebebs.~
rogorc vxedavT YsasamarTlo ganaCenSi pirdapiraa

miTiTebuli imis Sesaxeb, rom `sasjelis moxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, maT Soris mas Semdeg, rac qur-
duli samyaros wevroba sisxlis samarTlis wesiT das-
jadi qmedeba gaxda, m. a-m gaagrZela cxovreba qurduli
samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad.~ aRniSnuliT,
ganaCenSi kargadaa mocemuli imis dasabuTeba, rom piri
aramxolod kanonieri qurdobis kriminalizaciamde, ar-
amed kriminalizaciis Semdgomac darCa qurduli dana-
Saulebrivi organizaciis, e.w. qurduli samyaros wevri.
zustad amgvari dasabuTeba aklia sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze gamotanil ganaCenTa garkveul nawils, rac
qmedebis kriminalizaciis Semdgom kanonieri qurdis an
qurduli samyaros wevris mier akrZaluli saqmianobis
suraTs bundovans xdis.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis ganaCenSi kanonieri qur-

debis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sxva ganaCenebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT kargad aris dadgenili im subieqtTa wre,
romlebic warmoadgenen ra pirTa garkveul erTobas
_ qurdul samyaros, organizebuli danaSaulisa da
reketis Sesaxeb kanonis mesame muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad moqmedeben maT mier dadgenili/aRiarebuli
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad. ganaCenis samotivacio
594
nawilSi miTiTebulia, rom m. a. kanonieri qurdobis das-
jadobis SemoRebis Semdeg àqtiurad ganagrZobda uri-
TierTobebs sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi myof
kanonier qurdebTan da kriminalur avtoritetebTan,
kerZod, b. i-sTan, h. b-sTan, d. m-sTan, i. g-sTan, r. j-sTan,
g. q-sTan, z. p-Tan, ruseTis federaciaSi msjavrdebul
S. g-sTan, qurduli tradiciebis matareblebTan – k. l-
sTan, v. b-sTan, a. a-sTan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs
sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganx-
orcielebasTan dakavSirebul Txovnebs da asrulebs
davalebebs.~ ganaCenis samotivacio nawilSi, imis gar-
da, rom miTiTebulia kriminalur avtoritetebTan da-
naSaulebrivi kavSiris arsebobis Sesaxeb, aris agreTve
msjeloba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom sistematurad
xorcieldeboda danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis organi-
zeba da aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT xdeboda garkveuli
Txovnebis da davalebebis Sesruleba.
qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT, qurduli

samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis xelSewyobis
yvelaze gavrcelebul paradigmas warmoadgens qur-
duli saerTo salarosTvis (e.w. òbSiaki~) Tanxebis Se-
groveba. marTlac, qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxor-
cielebis yvelaze aqtiuri formaa e.w. òbSiakis~ agrove-
ba. Tavis mxriv, òbSiakis~ Sevseba warmoebs qurduli
avtoritetis gamoyenebiT, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisa
da gareSe pirebis yovelTviuri savaldebulo gadasaxa-
dis iZulebiT gadaxdiT. aRniSnulis garda, qurduli
samyaros wevrebi òbSiakis~ Sevsebis erT-erT wyarod,
aseve iyeneben patimarTa Soris, dawesebulebis terito-
riaze maT mierve savaldebulod dadgenili, cixis azar-
tuli TamaSebis Sedegad wagebuli Tanxis, e.w. `Tavanis~
agrovebas. is rom fulis Segroveba warmoebs qurduli
samyarosTvis da es moTxovna momdinareobs qurduli
595
samyaros avtoritetebisgan, TavisTavad warmoadgens
fsiqologiuri iZulebis formas, rac ssk-is 2231-e mux-
lis SemadgenlobaSi Tavsdeba. saqmeTa umravlesoba am
kategoriisaa. am TvalsazrisiT, niSandoblivia sisxlis
samarTlis saqme daviT s-s da sxvaTa mimarT (sul 22 ms-
javrdebuli). maT mier Cadenili danaSauli, ganaCenis
aRwerilobiTi nawilis Sesabamisad, gamoixata SemdegSi:
d. s. aRiarebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi cxovrebis
wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs misdami mxardaWeras, yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi mas aqtiuri urTierToba aqvs qur-
duli samyaros liderebTan, romlebsac aRuTqvams
xelSewyobas qurduli samyaros marTvaSi. garda amisa,
d. s. aqtiurad moqmedebs qurdul samyaros miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad, riTac xels uwyobs qurduli sa-
myaros funqcionirebas. Dd. s. q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrob-
ileSi myofi qurduli samyaros liderebis, e.w. ,,saknis
mayureblebis~ l. b-s da n. n-s davalebiT organizebas
ukeTebs sakanSi myofi sxva patimrebis ojaxis wevrebi-
sagan qurduli samyaros wesebiT aRiarebul e.w. ,,qur-
dul saerToSi~ Sesatani Tanxebis, agreTve mobiluri
telefoniT da televizoriT sakanSi sargeblobisTvis
pirobebis Sesaqmnelad saWiro Tanxebis Segrovebas.
Ppatimrebis ojaxis wevrebs, romlebic mas ukavSirdebi-
an telefoniT, igi avalebs, rom qurduli samyaros li-
derebis mier zemoTxsenebuli miznebisTvis dawesebuli
Tanxebi gadascen mis mier miTiTebul pirebs, daTqmul
adgilze da dros. P
patimrebis ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedras d. s. avalebs

qurduli samyaros wevrebs (l. S., g. d., m. C., j. a. da g. m-s),
romlebic daTqmul dros patimrebis ojaxis wevrebs
xvdebian Temqis dasaxlebaSi, Segrovebul Tanxas ki aZ-
leven d. s-s. dasaxelebuli pirebis meSveobiT Segrove-
bul Tanxas d. s., l. b-s da n. n-s davalebiT aZlevs #5 sa-
pyrobileSi myofi qurduli samyaros lideris, e.w. ,,ko-
596
rpusis mayureblis~ i. v-s Zmas, aseve, qurduli samyaros
aqtiur wevrs v. v-s, qurduli samyaros liderebisTvis
gasagzavnad.
d. s-m #5 sapyrobileSi l. b-sa da n. n-sTan erTad sakanSi

myofi 20-ze meti patimris ojaxis wevrebisgan l. S-s, g.
d-s, m. C-s, j. a-s da g. m-s meSveobiT 2006 wlis 10 noem-
brisTvis Segrovebuli Tanxidan 780 lari gadasca v. v-s,
patimrobaSi myofi qurduli samyaros liderebisTvis
gasagzavnad, xolo 315 lari maTive miTiTebiT daitova
TavisTan calkeuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
d. s-m #5 sapyrobileSi myofi zemoT aRniSnuli patimreb-

is ojaxis wevrebisgan 2006 wlis 6 dekembrisTvis Segrove-
buli 625 lari gadasca v. v-s, patimrobaSi myofi qurduli
samyaros liderebisTvis gasagzavnad. garda amisa, d. s.
asrulebda ra sapyrobileSi myofi qurduli samyaros li-
derebis calkeul davalebebs, maTi miTiTebiT, sxvadasxva
sakiTxebis mosagvareblad, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan
Segrovebuli Tanxis nawils aZlevda sapyrobiles Tanam-
Sromlebs. man l. b-s da n. n-s davalebiT #5 sapyrobiles Tan-
amSromels l. v-s 2006 wlis 21 noembers l. S-s meSveobiT
gadasca 300 lari, xolo 23 noembers 100 lari. D
d. s. aqtiurad avrcelebda qurduli sayaros specialur

wesebs, man qurduli samyaros wevrebisTvis sargeblis
miRebis mizniT, mis mier organizebul danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaSi Caaba sxva pirebi, maT mouwodebda qurdu-
li samyaros aRiarebuli wesebiT cxovrebas, monawil-
eobda qurdul garCevebSi.
2006 wlis noembris TveSi sasjelaRsrulebis departa-

mentis Tbilisis #5 sapyrobilis sareJimo ganyofilebis
inspeqtorma l. v-m sapyrobilis 61-e sakanSi, sadac sxva
patimrebTan erTad iyo l. b., aRmoaCina cixisTvis akrZa-
597
luli nivTi, mobiluri telefoni. Tumca, mas amaze ar
mouxdenia Sesabamisi reagireba da ar Seudgenia ara-
nairi dokumenti, ris safuZvelzec damrRvevi piris mi-
marT gatardeboda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi.
Amisi umoqmedobisTvis l. b. l. v-s dapirda, rom daakav-
Sirebda Tavis axloblebs da maTi meSveobiT gadascemda
300 lars. SeTanxmebisamebr, l. b. mobiluri telefoniT
daukavSirda qurduli samyaros wevr d. s-s, mouyva mas
momxdari faqtis Sesaxeb da daavala, rom dakavSirebo-
da l. v-s da sapyroblis 61-e sakanSi myofi patimrebis
ojaxis wevrebisgan e.w. qurdul saerToSi Setanili fu-
ladi Tanxebidan aeRo 300 lari da gadaeca l. v-sTvis,
ris Semdegac d. s. mobiluri telefoniT daukavSirda
l. v-s, dauTqva Sexvedra da fulis gadasacemad masTan
gagzavna, aseve qurduli samyaros wevri l. S., romelmac
es Tanxa gadasca l. v-s.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT d. s-m Caidina ssk-is 2231-e muxlis

1-li nawiliTa da 339-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSauli~
dacvis mxaris poziciis mixedviT, rogorc ganmarta

erT-erTma gansasjelma n. n-m, Tanxis agroveba xde-
boda imis gamo, rom cixeSi autaneli pirobebi iyo da
bevrjer uxdebodaT sakanSi Tanxis Segroveba, rom el-
ementaruli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi SeeqmnaT (Tun-
dac eyidaT saponi an hqonodaT mobiluri telefoni).
`Tanxas namdvilad vagrovebdiT, magram ara òbSiakisT-
vis~, aramed TviTon Cveni pirobebis gasaumjobesebla-
do. fuls ojaxis wevrebi gvigzavnidnen da vin ityoda
daxmarebaze uars.~ analogiuri Cveneba aqvT micemuli
sxva gansasjelebsac (g. g. da sxv.). sasamarTlo gamoZie-
biT dadginda, rom gansasjelebi ara mxolod pirobe-
bis gasaumjobeseblad agrovebdnen Tanxebs patimrebis
ojaxis wevrebisgan, aramed ZiriTadad imisTvis, rom
598
Tanxebis ZiriTadi nawili moxmareboda qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs da zustad am mizniT grovdeboda. aqedan
gamomdinare, sasamarTlom sworad Seafasa ra arsebuli
viTareba, ar gaiziara dacvis mxaris pozicia. sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeebidan naTlad Cans, rom gansasjelebis
mier patimrebis ojaxis wevrebidan agrovebuli Tanxe-
bis garkveuli nawili xmardeboda cixis administraciis
mosyidvas, xolo didi nawili qurdul salaroSi midioda.
magaliTad: `m. m-sa da g. n-s mier qurduli samyaros sxva
wevrebis meSveobiT, patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan Seg-
rovebulma, g. g-sTvis (qurduli samyaros wevri, SeniSvna
Cvenia) gadasacemi Tanxis odenobam 2006 wlis noembris-
Tvis, 2006 wlis 12 dekembrisTvis Seadgina 9816 lari~;
`qurduli samyaros wevri – v. v. romlis sacxovrebeli
binis Cxrekisas amoRebuli iqna e.w. `qurduli saerTos~
Tanxis nawili _ 9700 lari, xolo amave sapyrobilis pa-
timris C-is meuRlis g. m. sacxovrebeli binis Cxrekisas
amoRebul iqna qurduli saerTos Tanxa – 79140 lari da
50 aSS dolari~. zemoaRniSnuli msjelobidan gamomdin-
are sasamarTlom savsebiT safuZvlianad ar gaiziara gan-
sasjelebis Cveneba, rom maT Tanxebis agroveba mxolod
sapatimroSi pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad undodaT.
erT-erTi gansasjeli, l. y. sasamarTlo procesze rito-

rikul kiTxvas svams: _ `Tu Tanxis Segroveba danaSau-
lia, ratom imaT ar iWerT visac CvenTan Tanxa mohqonda,
raTa maTi axlobeli patimrebisTvis migvewodebina sx-
vadasxva nivTebi (kvebis produqtebi, saniaveblebi, sa-
poni da misT.).~ saqme imaSia, rom qurduli salarosTvis
Tanxis Segroveba sapatimro adgilebSi atarebda saval-
debulo xasiaTs da im gansasjelebis mimarT, romlebic
qurdul saerToSi ar gadaixdidnen Tanxas, tardeboda
mkacri RonisZiebebi, magaliTad fizikuri Seuracxyo-
fa, damcireba, abuCad agdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavi-
599
suflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi myofi patimrebis ojax-
is wevrebi, imisTvis rom damamcirebeli mopyrobisgan
gadaerCinaT TavianTi axloblebi, qurduli samyaros
wevrebs aZlevdnen garkveul mosakrebels. amitom,
gansasjeli l. y-s ritorikul kiTxvaze, SesaZlebelia
vupasuxoT, rom zogadad Tanxis agroveba ki ar aris da-
naSauli, aramed qurduli samyaros miznebisTvis misi
Sekreba. aRniSnuli Tanxebi xmardeba kriminaluri or-
ganizaciis ganviTarebas, saxelmwifo moxeleebis mosy-
idvas, legalur biznesSi investirebas da mogebis isev
kriminaluri organizaciis interesebisTvis moxmarebas
(fulis gaTeTreba) da a.S. dacvis mxaris pozicia, rom
fulis Segroveba da vinmesTvis gadacema ar niSnavs qur-
duli samyaros wevrobas, savsebiT sworad ar iqna gazi-
arebuli sasamarTlos mier, radganac fulis Segroveba
saqvelmoqmedo miznebis ganxorcielebas ki ar xmarde-
boda, aramed organizebuli danaSaulobis ganviTare-
bas.
kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli samyaros wevrobis

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze sasamarTlo praqtikis
gacnobam warmoaCina qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis
problemuroba. cnobilia, rom qmedebis marTlwinaaRm-
degobis sakiTxi erT-erTi rTuli da sadavo problemaa.
aris qmedebebi, romelTa marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi
sisxlis samarTalSi wydeba (klasikuri deliqtebi), ma-
gram aris qmedebebi, romelTa marTlzomiereba-mar-
TlwinaaRmdegobis dasadgenad samarTlis sxva dargebs
unda mivmarToT (e.w. blanketuri muxlebi). maT Soris
unda moviazroT an/da maTTan unda gavaTanabroT e.w.
kanonmdeblobis normebi, romlebic saerTo samarTal-
Si mala prohibita-s saxeliTaa cnobili. es aris sisxlis
samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi,
600
romelTa amkrZalav normebs prevenciuli (profilaq-
tikuri) mniSvneloba aqvs. maSasadame, sisxlis samarT-
lis normebs SesaZloa moraluri an Teologiuri war-
momavloba hqondes anda aRmocendes, rogorc kanon-
mdeblobis norma, swored am ukanasknel kategorias
miekuTvneba kanonieri qurdoba (ssk-is muxlis 2231-e).
es aris sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSauli, romelsac prevenciuli, profilaqtikuri
xasiaTi aqvs. klasikuri deliqtebis marTlwinaaRmde-
gobis dadgena araviTar problemas ar warmoadgens, ma-
gram ramdenadac qurduli samyaros Sesaxeb normas arc
moraluri da arc Teologiuri warmomavloba ara aqvs,
amdenad misi marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis sakiTxs
meti sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT, mxedvelobaSia in-
dividualuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi, rameTu,
am qmedebis kriminalizaciis dros obieqturi marTl-
winaaRmdegobis sakiTxi, ukve pozitiurad aris gadaw-
yvetili. kanonieri qurdobis problema metnaklebad
garkveulia da akrZalva yvela saRad moazrovne mokv-
davisTvis (saSualo adamiani) gasagebia, magram roca
sakiTxi exeba qurduli samyaros wevrobas, meti sifrTx-
ilea saWiro.
samarTali ori meTodiT iqmneba kanonebis miRebiT da

sasamarTlo praqtikiT. cnobilia, rom kanonSemoqmede-
ba emyareba normis formalizacias. marTlwinaaRmde-
gobis koncefciaSi aqcenti keTdeba qcevaze, romelic
kanons arRvevs. nebismieri normis darRveva sakmari-
sia, rom qceva samarTaldarRvevad Sefasdes. marTl-
winaaRmdegobis kategoria avlens logikur winaaRmde-
gobas adamianis qcevasa da sisxlis samarTlis normis
moTxovnas Soris. formaluri marTlwinaaRmdegobisT-
vis sakmarisia rom esa Tu is qceva Sefasdes rogorc
601
samarTaldarRveva, magram materialuri marTlwinaaR-
mdegobis qvakuTxedia msxverplis interesebi da dasjis
aucilebloba danaSauliT darRveuli moraluri wes-
rigis (marTlwesrigis) aRsadgenad.99
amasTanave, materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis subieq-

turi wanamZRvari qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Seg-
nebaa. SesaZlebelia obieqturi marTlwinaaRmdegoba
marTlac saxeze iyos, magram adamians es subieqturad
gacnobierebuli ar hqondes, ramac SeiZleba bralis
gamoricxvamdec ki migviyvanos. Tu Cven ganzraxvis
formulas warmovidgenT, marTlac Zneli dasajerebe-
li iqneba adamians pirdapiri ganzraxviT qmedeba Seer-
acxos, mas ki ar esmodes qmedebis subieqturi Semadgen-
lobis Sinaarsi. magaliTad, SesaZlebelia e.w. òbSiakis~
SemkrebT gacnobierebuli ar hqondeT Tavisi qmedebis
marTlwinaaRmdegoba. sasamarTlo praqtikis analizis
dros amis damadasturebeli faqtebic vnaxeT.
qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba

SeiZleba bralis gamoricxvis safuZvlad iqces. es ki,
samosamarTlo samarTlis prerogativaa, mtkicebis
tvirTi gadadis braldebis mxareze, xolo braldebu-
lis mimarT moqmedebs yvela eWvis mis sasargeblod gad-
awyvetis principi.
maSasadame, materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis sakiTxi

samosamarTlo samarTalSi unda gairkves, sasamarTlo
praqtika ama Tu im qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciiT
qmnis danaSaulis tipis monaxazs (nimuSs), sasamarTlo
precedenti iqceva samarTaldarRvevis nimuSad (para-
digmad), amave dros, marTalia sasamarTlo precedenti
99
ix. j. fletCeri, a. naumovi, Tanamedrove sisxlis samarT-
lis ZiriTadi koncefciebi (rusul enaze, moskovi, 1997, gv.
216-240).
602
meoradi da warmoebulia sisxlis samarTlis kanonidan,
magram man unda daakonkretos kanonis teqsti da Seav-
sos realuri SinaarsiT. sasamarTlo praqtikis ganxil-
vis Semdeg SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom aucilebelia qce-
vis materialuri marTlwinaaRmdegobis dadgena piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisTvis.

amJamindeli redaqciis Tanaxmad qurduli samyaros
wesebis codna da ama Tu im formiT maTi daxmareba, roca
amas sajaro moxeleebi sCadian, ar SeiZleba qurduli
samyaros wevrobisaTvis maTi devnis safuZveli gaxdes.
msgavsi qmedebisaTvis sajaro moxelem pasuxi unda agos
uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebisaTvis an gadame-
tebisaTvis da ara qurduli samyaros wevrobisaTvis.
sajaro moxeleTa erTi da igive qmedeba erTdroulad
fasdeba qurduli samyaros wevrobad da samoxeleo da-
naSaulad, rac ar migvaCnia marTebulad.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom z. C-s msjavri dasdo

uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebaSi da qurdu-
li samyaros wevrobaSi, mis mier Cadenili danaSauli
gamoxata SemdegSi: ,,z. C. muSaobda saqarTvelos ius-
ticiis saministros sasjelaRsrulebis departamen-
tis q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi sareJimo ganyofilebis
ufrosi inspeqtoris Tanamdebobaze da iTvleboda mox-
eled. igi daudgenel drosa da viTarebaSi daukavSirda
q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi moTavsebul patimars S. a-s ,
xolo mogvianebiT am ukanasknelis meuRlis dedas q. u-s,
romelic S. a-s sityvieri davalebiT agrovebda fulad
Tanxebs qurdul samyaroSi (albad ivaraudeba saerTo
qurduli salaro, g.m.) Setanis mizniT. Mmas Tavisi sam-
saxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT hqonda ra
sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbilisis #5 sapy-
robileSi moTavsebul patimrebTan Tavisuflad Sexve-
603
dris saSualeba, igi amave sapyrobilis patimar a-sTan da
q. TbilisSi mcxovreb q. u-sTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT, am
ukanasknelis mier qurduli saerTos saxiT Segrovebul
fulad Tanxebs gadascemda S. a-s, misTvis upiratesobis
miRebis da qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad. z. C-s hqonda ra qurduli samyaros wevrebisTvis
finansuri daxmarebis gawevis ganzraxva, amasTan boro-
tad sargeblobda Tavisi samsaxurebrivi mdgomareo-
biT, 2006 wlis oqtomber-noembris TveebSi sxvadasxva
dros S. a-s davalebiT q. u-s arTmevda dawesebulebSi
moTavsebuli patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisgan qurduli
saerTo saxiT Segrovebul Tanxebs. kerZod, 2006 wlis 23
oqtombers man q. u-s gamoarTva sxvadasxva dros qurdu-
li saerTos saxiT Segrovili Tanxa 300 laris odenobiT.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT igi sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli
samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mas
aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qurduli samyaros li-
derebTan. Ggarda amisa, z. C-s qmedebam, kerZod ki qur-
duli samyaros daxmarebam, rac gamoixata qurduli
saerToebis saxiT Segrovebuli Tanxebis maTTvis gad-
acemaSi da am qmedebiT maTTvis upiratesobis miniWeba-
Si, sazogadoebrivi interesebis arsebiTi darRveva gam-
oiwvia. zemoaRniSnuli qmedebisaTvis mas brali daedo
ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da 332-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT.
amgvarad, sapyrobilis inspeqtoris mier e.w. qurduli

,,obSiakisaTvis~ Segrovebuli Tanxis gadacema pati-
mar S. a-sTvis erTdroulad Sefasda uflebamosilebis
borotad gamoyenebadac da qurduli samyaros wev-
robad. maSasadame, sajaro moxelis erTi da igive qmede-
ba orjer Sefasda, rogorc qurduli samyaros wevroba
da rogorc uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba, rac
samarTlebrivad sworad ar migvaCnia.
604
winaswarma gamoZiebam g. a-s da g. g-s braldeba wauyena
gamoZalvisTvis da qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis,
ssk-is 181-e da 2231-e muxlebiT. ganaCenis mixedviT, maT
mier Cadenili danaSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: ,,2006
wlis 22 ivliss n. a., romelic aris qurduli samyaros
wevri, danaSaulebrivad daukavSirda Tavis megobars,
aseve qurduli samyaros wevrs g. g-s da SeuTanxmda saqa-
rTvelos moqalaqis, erovnebiT somexis, s. b-sTvis didi
odenobiT Tanxis (10 000 aSS dolaris) gamoZalvis Ses-
axeb. ganzraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad igi g-sTan er-
Tad winaswari SeTanxmebiT, qurduli samyaros wesebis
moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad da Semdeg qurduli garCev-
ebis mowyobis daSinebiT (muqariT), TiTqos maTi nac-
nobi qurduli samyaros warmomadgenlebi apirebdnen
s. b-ze da misi ojaxis wevrebze Tavdasxmas an sxvagvar
Zaladobas, Tanxis gadaxdis SemTxvevaSi ki isini qur-
duli samyaros wevrebTan mougvarebdnen problemas
da isini aRar moaxdendnen masze da misi ojaxis wevre-
bze Tavdasxmas. Aam mizniT igi daukavSirda s. b-s ramden-
jerme, ra drosac misi da misi ojaxis wevrebis mimarT
Zaladobis gamoyenebisa da fizikuri ganadgurebis
muqariT mosTxova 10 000 aSS dolari, romelic s. b-s
unda gadaexada 2006 wlis 23 ivliss. AdaTqmul dRes,
daaxloebiT 13-sT da 40 wT-ze, q. TbilisSi, me-3 masivis
#42 korpusis mimdebare teritoriaze n. a-ma g. g-sTan
erTad winaswari SeTanxmebiT, s. b-s winaswar gamosZala
moTxovnili 10 000 aSS dolaridan 1500 aSS dolari, ra
drosac igi da g. g-va dakavebuli iqnen Sss sodis Tanam-
Sromlebis mier. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansasjelma n.
a-m wardgenil braldebaSi Tavi nawilobriv scno dam-
naSaved, kerZod gamoZalvis nawilSi da ganmarta, rom
igi 1998 wlidan icnobda s. b-s saerTo nacnobisgan. Sem-
deg ki Camouyalibda axlo urTierToba. igi 2005 wels
605
ramdenjerme mivida masTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad,
erTxel im mizeziT, rom mas da mis megobars, miSas viRac
lotkinelebi awuxebdnen, rom narkotikebis gamsaRe-
blebi iyvnen. b-m icoda, rom is policiaSi muSaobda da
amitom mivida masTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad. sami Tvis
Semdeg s. b-ma kvlav sTxova mas daxmareba, axla sabur-
Taloelebis mxridan Sewuxebis motiviT. igi mis mier
dabarebul iqna saministroSi, raTa oficialurad gae-
formebinaT Ppataki. magram s. b-anma ganacxada, rom ar
undoda policiis Careva. cota xnis Semdeg kvlav mivida
da sTxova megobari gogos daxmareba, maT dailaparakes
da Semdeg daSordnen. rodesac s. b-anma igi saxlSi mi-
iyvana, a-m uTxra s-s, SeeSvi am saqmeso. man ki upasuxa,
rom mas saerTo araferi hqonda saqmesTan. man ki upa-
suxa, rom aba tyuilad xom ar Segawuxebeno. am dros
gauCnda idea gamoZalvasTan dakavSirebiT da s. b-ans
erT-erT Sexvedrisas mouyva, Tu rogor Seeswrnen is da
misi megobari saubars restoranSi g. g-s biZasTan da sxva
saeWvo pirebTan erTad, sadac masze saubrobdnen qur-
duli samyaros wevrebi da fiqrobdnen mis dayaCaRebas
da fulis gamoZalvas 30 000 laris odenobiT, muqariTa
da raRac moqmedebebis iZulebiT. versiebi, romelsac is
uyveboda b-ans yvela gamogonili da mofiqrebuli iyo
mis mier, g-m amis Sesaxeb gaigo mogvianebiT, rodesac
mas ukve naTqvami hqonda b-sTvis Tanxisa da muqaris Ses-
axeb. b-ani mis monayols miiRebda realur muqarad; b-ani
g. g-s ar icnobda da amitom misi CarTva am saqmeSi ufro
damajerebeli iqneboda. am monayolidan 10 dRis Semdeg
b-ani kvlav mivida masTan da mouyva misi dayaCaRebis
ambavi. yaCaRobis is detalebi, romlebsac is da g. g-va
eubnebodnen s. b-ans misive monayolidan icodnen da
ubralod avrcobdnen. Tavidan konkretul Tanxaze ar
saubrobdnen, mere wamovida 10 000 aSS dolarze lapara-
ki; b-anis dayaCaRebis Sesaxeb g. g-vam gaigo, rodesac
is TbilisSi dabrunda. b-anis dayaCaRebis dros g. g-va
606
TbilisSi ar imyofeboda, axloblis dakrZalvaze iyo
wasuli. sabolood is da s. b-ani SeTanxmdnen 5 000 aSS
dolarze. 2006 wlis 23 ivliss Sedga Sexvedra massa da
s. b-ans Soris. Sexvedrisas s. b-anma mas gadasca Tanxa 1
500 aSS dolaris odenobiT, ra drosac igi dakavebuli
iqna. rac Seexeba qurdul samyarosTan kavSirs, g. g-m
uaryo da ganmarta, rom igi 1995 wlidan 2005 wlis bo-
lomde muSaobda Sinagan saqmeTa saministros dazvervis
samsaxurSi. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gansasjelma g. g-m
wardgenil braldebaSi Tavi nawilobriv scno damna-
Saved, kerZod, gamoZalvis nawilSi da ganmarta, rom igi
2006 wlis ivlisis TveSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi imy-
ofeboda axloblis dakrZalvaze. s. b-anis dayaCaRebis
Sesaxeb detalebi mas mouyva n. a-ma. Semdeg es detalebi
iqna swored gamoyenebuli masTan saubarSi da aqedan
gauCnda eWvi da irwmuna albaT kidec s. b-anma, rom man
icoda dayaCaRebis Sesaxeb. roca is dabrunda TbilisSi
misTvis cnobili gaxda n. a-s mier dawyebuli saubari da
man uTxra modi ese gavakeToTo, zedmeti fuli aravis
awyenso; misTvis ucnobi iyo s. b-anis damyaCaReblebi.
maT mier es ambavi mogonili iyo. is piradad ar icnobda
s. b-ans, es iyo dadgmuli speqtakli. is ramdenjerme Sex-
vda s. b-ans ,,koRos~ zedmetsaxeliT da esaubra viTomda
mosmenili muqarisa da maTi SesaZlo asrulebis Sesaxeb.
s. b-ani sTxovda Seexvedrebina is qurdebisaTvis. misi
ganmartebiT ki is amas verc gaakeTebda radgan ara-
visTan hqonia Sexeba. misi ganmartebiT zedmetsaxeli
,,koRo’’ policiaSi muSaobisas Searqves; moTxovnili
Tanxa Seadgenda 10 000 aSS dolars, DSeTanxmdnen 5 000 aSS
dolaris gadacemaze, sabolood ki gadaxdil iqna 1 500
aSS dolari. is, rom biZamisi viTom qurdi iyo, qalaqSi
mis Camosvlamde ukve icoda s. b-anma da veRar gadaTq-
vamda. qurdul samyaros wevrobasTan dakavSirebiT ki
ganmarta: 1989 wlidan 1996 wlamde muSaobda Sinagan
saqmeTa saministroSi. 1991 wels tyved Cavarda samaCab-
loSi da 1992 wels gaTavisuflda.
607
sasamarTlom ganixila ra sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
masalebi, moismina gansasjelebis, dazaralebulis da
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, gaanaliza isini saqmeze Sekrebil
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamokvleul sxva mtkiceb-
ulebebTan erTobliobaSi da miiCnia, rom sasamarTlo
gamoZiebis dros dadastureba ver hpova winaswari
gamoZiebiT dadgenilad miCneulma garemoebam imis Ses-
axeb, rom gansasjelebma a-ma da g-m Caidines ssk-is 2231-e
muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. e.i.
qurduli samyaros wevroba. qurduli samyaros wevria
piri romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
blad. qurduli samyaros wevroba ar iqneba maSin rode-
sac pirs ara aqvs kavSiri aseT samyarosTan da moqmedebs
damoukideblad. amasTanave, sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas
ver dadasturda maTi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan,
isini moqmedebdnen damoukideblad. maT mier dasaxele-
buli piri rogorc qurduli samyaros wevri, ar aris re-
alurad is pirovneba, maT mier es faqti mogonili iyo
mxolod maTi versiis gasamagreblad, raTa b-anisTvis
gamoeZalaT fuli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom orTave piri
warsulSi iyvnen policiis TanamSromlebi, erT-erTi
maTgani ki wlebis ganmavlobaSi aqtiur monawileobas
iRebda damnaSaveTa samyaros winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis mixedviT yovelgvari
eWvi piris damnaSaved cnobisTvis mtkicebulebaTa
utyuarobisa da sakmarisobis Taobaze unda gadawydes
gansasjelis sasargeblod. sasamarTlo procesze mowme
e. g-m, romelic saqmeSi moixsenieba rogorc qurduli
samyaros wevri da romlis daxmarebiTac gansasjelebi
apirebdnen b-anis problebis mogvarebas, dakiTxvisas
ganmarta rom mas aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs qurdul
samyarosTan da misTvis saerTod ucnobia, vin aris s.
b-ani. mxolod eWvi ar SeiZleba gansasjelebis ssk-is
608
2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT msjavrdebis safuZveli
gaxdes. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo
mivida im daskvnamde, rom sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros
ver iqna mopovebuli sakmarisi da utyuari mtkicebule-
bebi imis Sesaxeb, rom a-ma da g-m Caidines 2231-e muxlis
1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, e.i. qur-
duli samyaros wevroba. sssk-is me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad
ki, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni unda emyarebodes mxolod
utyuar mtkicebulebebs da yovelgvari eWvi, romelic
ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda gadaw-
ydes gansasjelebis sasargeblod.~
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 27 Teberv-

lis ganaCeniT, maT wardgenili braldebidan amouricxa
ssk-is 2231-e muxli da msjavri dasdo mxolod gamoZal-
visTvis.
saqalaqo sasamarTlo daemyara im garemoebebs, rom

rogorc n. a., ise, g. g. yofili policielebi iyvnen. n. a.
1996-2005 wlebSi muSaobda policiaSi, araerTi madloba
aqvs miRebuli samsaxureobrivi movaleobis keTilsin-
disieri SesrulebisTvis. aseve yofili policielia g. g.
sakiTxavia, kriminalur samyarosTan mebrZolebi rogor
gadaiqcnen qurduli samyaros wevrebad? rogorc saqmi-
dan irkveva, qurdul samyarosTan kavSiri maTi fantazi-
is nayofia, raTa gaadvilebodaT fulis gamoZalva. isini
aRiarebdnen gamoZalvis faqts, magram uaryofdnen qur-
duli samyaros wevrobas. saqmeSi ar moipoveba maTi qur-
dul samyarosTan kavSiris damadasturebeli arc erTi
mtkicebuleba da saqalaqo sasamarTlo sworad moiqca
roca maT mouxsna braldeba ssk-is 2231-e muxliT.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli instanciis sasa-

marTlo stadiaze sisxlis samarTlis saqme ar dasrule-
609
bula, radganac braldebis mxarem saapelacio saCivriT
moiTxova saqmis xelaxali ganxilva, msjavrdebulebis
damnaSaved cnoba ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da
181-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,g~ punqtebiT, Tbili-
sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCenSi cvlilebis Setana
da n. a-sa da g. g-sTvis sasjelis gamkacreba. Tbilisis
saapelacio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 1 ivnisis ganaCeniT
maT kvlav dasdo msjavri qurduli samyaros wevrobisT-
vis. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT:
,,saapelacio sasamarTlom gaiziara prokuraturis
saapelacio saCivris moTxovna, rom msjavdebulebi dam-
naSaved unda iqnen cnobili ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT, ramdenadac miiCnia rom dazaralebulisagan
fulis gamoZalvisas isini moqmedebdnen qurduli wese-
bis Sesabamisad, dazaralebuls pirdebodnen xelSeux-
eblobis garantias im SemTxvevaSi Tu igi maT gadaux-
dida garkveuli odenobis fulad Tanxas, romelic Sem-
dgom TiTqos unda gadaecaT im pirebisaTvis romlebic
apirebdnen b-anis ojaxze Tavdasxmas. palata yura-
dRebas miaqcevs im garemoebas, rom msjavrdebulma n. a-m
b-ani masze mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb gaafrTxi-
la 2006 wlis ivnisis bolos, xolo b-anis ojaxze yaCaRu-
ri Tavdasxma ganxorcielda 2006 wlis 4 ivliss. palata
ver gaiziarebs gasaCivrebuli ganaCenis dasabuTebas,
rom msjavrdebulebi moqmedebdnen damoukideblad da
maTi mxridan qurdul samyarosTan kavSiri mogonili
iyo fulis gamoZalvis versiis gasamagreblad, radgan
dazaralebul b-anis CvenebiT dadgenilia rom igi daay-
aCaRes n. as-Tan Sexvedridan erTi kviris Semdeg da day-
aCaRebis Semdeg SiSi realurad aRiqva, miTumetes g.g-m
mouyva iseTi raRaceebi, rac mas aravisTvis mouyolia
da mxolod man da misma meuRlem icodnen, ramac sabo-
lood daarwmuna msjavrdebulebis kavSirSi qurdul
samyarosTan. saqarTvelos 2005 wlis 20 dekembris kano-
610
niT organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb, qur-
duli samyaro aris pirTa nebismieri erToba, romelic
moqmedebs maT mier dadgenili an aRiarebuli special-
uri wesebis Sesabamisad da romlis mizania daSinebiT,
muqariT, iZulebiT, danaSaulis CadeniT misi wevrebisT-
vis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba. gasaCivrebuli
ganaCenis argumentacia, rom msjavrdebulebi warsulSi
iyvnen policiis TanamSromlebi, TavisTavad ar gamor-
icxavs qurduli samyaros wevrobas. msjavrdebulebi
swored zemoT miTiTebuli gziT, qurduli samyarosT-
vis misaRebi meTodebis gamoyenebiT cdilobdnen sarge-
blis miRebas.~
migvaCnia, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom swori

gadawyvetileba miiRo da saapelacio sasamarTlos misi
Secvlis safuZveli ar hqonda. saqalaqo sasamarTlos
msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom `qurduli samyaros wevria
piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aqtiurad
blad. qurduli samyaros wevroba ar iqneba maSin, rode-
sac pirs ara aqvs kavSiri aseT samyarosTan da moqmedebs
damoukideblad. amasTanave, sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas
ver dadasturda maTi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan,
isini moqmedebdnen damoukideblad~ _ obieqturia da
migvaCnia dasabuTebulad. qurduli samyaros wevroba
ar SeiZleba calmxrivad, iseve rogorc teroristuli
organizaciis an bandis wevroba. kriminaluri orga-
nizaciis wevrobis dros aucilebelia saxeze iyos orga-
nizaciis mxridan aRniSnuli piris miReba Tavis rigebSi,
misi qmedebebis gamarTleba, an mowoneba. yovelSemTx-
vevaSi piris garkveuli kavSiri mainc unda dadgindes
kriminalur organizaciasTan. magaliTad, Tu martox-
ela teroristma ganaxorciela teroristuli aqti da
aRmoCnda, rom aRniSnuli aqti ganxorcielda romelime
611
teroristuli organizaciis xelweriT, magram orga-
nizacia ar cnobs danaSaulis Camden pirs, ar dgindeba
kavSiri aRniSnul organizaciasTan, msoflioSi mkacri
antiteroristuli kanonmdeblobis da sasamarTlo
praqtikis miuxedavad, aRniSnul pirs ver CavTvliT ter-
oristuli organizaciis wevrad. SesaZlebelia, bral-
debis mxarem da saapelacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom
policiis TanamSromlebi moqmedebdnen qurduli sam-
yarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT, magram rogorc
sworad miuTiTa pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, Tu
ar dgindeba kavSiri kriminalur organizaciasTan, anu
kriminaluri organizacia Tavis mxriv ar aRiarebs maT
Tavis wevrad, qurduli samyaros wevrobisTvis pasux-
ismgeblobis dakisreba ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnes mar-
Tebulad.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 21 aprilis

ganaCeniT v. x-s, z. u-s, g. y-s, z. j-s, x. o-s msjavri dae-
doT qurduli samyaros daxmarebisaTvis ssk-is 24-e,
2231-e muxliT da samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis
borotad gamoyenebisTvis ssk-is 332-e muxliT. winas-
warma gamoZiebam maT brali dasdo qurduli samyaros
wevrobaSi 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da qrTamis aRe-
baSi 338-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT. maT mier Cadenili da-
naSauli gamoixata SemdegSi: muSaobdnen ra iusticiis
saministros sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis #5 sa-
pyrobileSi da warmoadgendnen sxvadasxva rangis mox-
eleebs, gamoxatavdnen qurduli samyarosadmi aqtiur
mxardaWeras, qurduli samyaros liderebis, a. k-sa da
z. k-sgan miRebuli davalebebis SesrulebiT, xels uwy-
obdnen qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas,
e.w. `qurduli saerTos~ Segrovebas. isini borotad iy-
enebdnen samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebiT ganpirobe-
bul SesaZleblobebs, angarebis motiviT, q. Tbilisis
612
#5 sapyrobilis 49-e sakanSi myof qurduli samyaros
liderebs a. k-sa da z. k-s, maTTvis privilegiebis miniWe-
biT da xelsayreli pirobebis SeqmniT, aqtiurad exmare-
bodnen qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebaSi,
garda amisa, isini sapyrobileSi myof patimrebs gadas-
cemdnen axloblebisgan miwodebul sxvadasxva sayo-
facxovrebo daniSnulebis nivTebs, axorcielebdnen
samsaxureobriv mfarvelobas, xolo gaweuli samsax-
uris sanacvlod iRebdnen qrTams, fuladi Tanxebisa
da mono baraTebis saxiT, rac warmoadgenda qurduli
samyaros wevrebis mier garkveuli privilegiebis mini-
Webis sanacvlod cixis TanamSromlebisTvis daniSnul
araoficialur xelfass _ qrTams.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeniT sapyrobil-

is zemoaRniSnuli moxeleebi ssk-is 338-e muxlis pirve-
li nawiliT wardgenil braldebaSi gamarTldnen. amave
dros isini cnobil iqnen damnaSaved ssk-is 24-e, 2231-e
muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli da 332-e mux-
lis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cade-
naSi. saapelacio saCivari ar dakmayofilda.
sainteresoa is faqti, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-

bulebis moxeleebs marTalia qrTamis aRebis braldeba
mouxsna sasamarTlom, magram ganaCenSi mainc aRniSnu-
lia, rom satelefono saubrebis faruli miyuradeba-
Caweris krebsebiT dgindeba, moxeleTa mier samsax-
ureobrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcielebisTvis fuladi
Tanxebis aReba. ganaCenSi ar Cans, ra Sefaseba eZleva
am faqtebs. samotivacio nawilSi mocemuli msjeloba,
kerZod samsaxureobrivi mfarvelobis ganxorcielebi-
sTvis fuladi Tanxebis aReba moxelis mxridan warmoad-
gens qrTamis aRebis Semadgenlobas. migvaCnia, rom sa-
samarTlos qrTamis aRebis braldeba gansasjelebisT-
vis ar unda moexsna.
613
amave dros, ucnaurad JRers sapyrobilis moxeleTa
mier qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi daxmareba. is, rom
sajaro moxele sajaro interesis sawinaaRmdegod
borotad iyenebs samsaxureobriv uflebamosilebas,
ukanono privilegiebs aniWebda patimrebs da mfarvel-
obas uwevda, raSic TavisTvis raime gamorCenas iRebda,
isedac moculia ssk-is 332-e muxlis kanonismieri Semad-
genlobiT da damatebiTi kvalifikacia qurduli sam-
yaros wevrobaSi daxmarebisTvis zedmetia. vfiqrobT,
rom danaSaulTa erTobliobiT gansasjelebs ar unda
SeracxodaT ssk-is 24-e, 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da
332-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba,
am danaSaulTagan an erTi unda yofiliyo an meore, imi-
tom rom, Tuki moxelis mier uflebamosilebis borotad
gamoyeneba gamoixata patimrebisTvis ukanono privil-
egiebis miniWebaSi, maSin qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi
daxmareba saxeze aRaraa da piriqiT.
nona Todua
samarTlis doqtori
& 4. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdobis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikis anal-
izi (nawili meore)
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba
2005 wlis 20 dekembris kanoniT saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi SemoRebul iqna axali norma _
qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba (2231-e
m.uxli), romelmac mravali kiTxvis niSani gaaCina
rogorc swavlul, ise praqtikos iuristebSi.
qurduli samyaros wevrobisa da kanonieri qurdobis Si-

614
naarsis gasarkvevad, unda mivmarToT saqarTvelos 2005
wlis 20 dekembris kanons òrganizebuli danaSaulisa
da reketis Sesaxeb~...
Cven mier Seswavlil iqna sasamarTlo praqtika am kat-

egoriis saqmeebze da aRmoCnda, rom igi xarveziania.
amis erT-erTi mizezi aris Tavad kanonis gaumarTaoba.
Tumca, aris SemTxveva, roca sasamarTloebs arasworad
esmiT kanonis Sinaarsi.
sainteresoa, sasamarTlo praqtikaSi rogoraa gagebu-

li, Tu ras niSnavs qurduli samyaros wevroba, kerZod:
rogor gavigoT kanonis moTxovna, rom piri aRiarebs
qurdul samyaros, cxovrobs qurduli samyaros spe-
cialuri wesebis Sesabamisad, rom Tavisi aqtiuri moq-
orcielebas.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-

los mier 2007 wlis 19 Tebervals g. g-Zis mimarT gamot-
anili ganaCeni, romliTac mas msjavri daedo ssk 2231-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT, 239-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~
qvepunqtiTa da amave muxlis me-3 nawiliT (saqme # 1/6060-
06). Gg-Zes sabraldebo daskvniT brali edeboda masSi,
rom Caidina qurduli samyaros wevroba da xulignoba,
e.i. qmedeba, romelic uxeSad arRvevs sazogadoebriv
wesrigsa da gamoxatavs aSkara upativcemulobas sa-
zogadoebisadmi, Cadenili cecxlsasroli iaraRis an ia-
raRad sxva sagnis gamoyenebiT, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
`g. g-Ze cnobs da aRiarebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi
cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs mis mxardaWeras,
igi dRemde cxovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri
wesebis Sesabamisad, aqtiuri urTierToba da kavSiri
aqvs qurduli samyaros wevrebTan, kerZod, d. w-Tan, am-
615
Jamad ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs
sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganx-
orcielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, razec axdens
danaSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSavebas. g. g-Ze qurduli
samyaros sxva wevrebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri moq-
orcielebas, qurduli samyaros daudgenel wevrebTan
erTad, sargeblis miRebis mizniT, monawileobs qurdul
garCevebSi da cdilobs qurduli samyaros specialuri
wesebis gavrcelebas.~
es braldeba sasamarTlom mTlianad dadasturebulad

cno, magram Tu gadavxedavT saqmis masalebs, davrwmun-
debiT, rom braldeba saTanado mtkicebulebas ar em-
yareba.
vnaxoT, Tu konkretulad raSi gamoixata g-Zis qmedeba.

ganaCenis mixedviT: `2006 wlis 6 ivniss g. g-Ze Tavis me-
gobar s. a-ZesTan erTad mivida q. TbilisSi, Zmebi zub-
alaSvilebis quCaze arsebul gaCerebasTan mdgar kerZo
taqsis mZRol n. s-SvilTan da imis gamo, rom wina dRiT
am ukanasknelma mas taqsiT momsaxurebis sanacvlod
gamoarTva garkveuli Tanxa, rogorc qurduli samyaros
warmomadgenelma da avtoritetma, Tavi igrZno Seu-
racxyofilad da amis gamo mas dauwyo saqmis garCeva, ra
drosac saxeSi gaartya xeli, agina dedis misamarTiT da
SeafurTxa saxeSi, aseve aginebda da afurTxebda saxeSi
s. a-Ze. xulignuri qmedebis dros maT xelSi ekavaT dane-
bi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, zubalaSvilebis quCaze
Seferxda moZraoba da Seikriba xalxi, riTac g. g-Zem
aSkarad gamoxata sazogadoebisadmi upativcemuloba.
SemTxvevis adgilze Sekrebilma moqalaqeebma scades
daewynarebinaT isini da maTi daxmarebiT n. s-Svilma
616
moaxerxa gaqceva. 2006 wlis 08 ivniss n. s-Svili kvlav
mivida avtomanqaniT zubalaSvilebis quCaze da elode-
boda klients. daaxloebiT 16:00 saaTze masTan mivida
g. g-Ze da kvlav dauwyo gineba ucenzuro sityvebiT da
daniT, marjvena xelis areSi miayena nakveTi Wriloba,
riTac man Tavisi qceviT kvlav daarRvia sazogadoe-
brivi wesrigi da gamoxata maT mimarT aSkara upativce-
muloba. SemTxvevis adgilze Sekrebili xalxis CareviT
n. s-Svilma kvlav SeZlo gaqceva, ra drosac mas daedevna
g. g-Ze Tavis megobrebTan k. t-Tan, s. a-Zesa da vinme T-
sTan erTad, isini daewien n. s-Svils, ra drosac g. g-Zem
Tavis areSi daniT miayena dazianeba. n. s-Svili daeca as-
faltze da waqceuls g. g-Zem, k. t-Sma da s. a-Zem danebiT
sxeulis sxvadasxva adgilas miayenes dazianebebi, Tan
scemdnen fexebiT. am dros n. s-Svilma dakarga goneba,
ris Semdegac misi simamris, r. S-Svilis, mier igi avto-
manqaniT gadayvanil iqna #5 klinikur saavadmyofoSi.~
esaa is faqtobrivi garemoeba, razec damyarebulia g. g-

Zis braldeba.
mivyveT braldebas etapobrivad. braldebis pirveli

monakveTi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: `g. g-Ze cnobs da aRi-
arebs ra qurdul samyaros, Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT
sajarod gamoxatavs mis mxardaWeras, igi dRemde cx-
ovrobs qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabam-
isad.~
riTaa dadasturebuli es braldeba? rogorc ganaCenSi

aRwerili saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebidan Cans, masSi
gadmocemulia g-Zisa da misi megobrebis mier xulignuri
motiviT Cadenili Cxubisa da Zaladobis faqti s-Svilis
mimarT. es ki utyuarad ar adasturebs g-Zis mier qur-
duli samyaros aRiarebisa da qurduli samyaros spe-
617
cialuri wesebis Sesabamisad cxovrebis faqts, radgan
qurduli samyaros wevrTa qmedeba unda Seesabamebodes
am wesebs da mimarTuli unda iyos sargeblis miRebisaken
(zemoTxsenebuli kanonis me-3 muxli).
rogor unda daadginos sasamarTlom, Tu raSi gamoix-

ateba es specialuri wesebi? arada misi dadgena aucile-
belia, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia imis
mtkiceba, rom vinmes qmedeba Seesabameba (an ar Seesabam-
eba) am wesebs. praqtikulad saqarTvelos kanonmdebelma
2231-e muxlis saxiT SemogvTavaza blanketuri dispozi-
cia, romlis Semadgenlobis dadgenisTvis aucilebelia
vicnobdeT specialur wesebs (e.w. qurdul kanonebs).
mTeli problema isaa, rom sasamarTlosTvis rTuli
saqmea moipovos is wesebi, rac dadgenilia damnaSaveTa
samyaros mier da rac periodul cvalebadobas ganic-
dis (arada es wesebi da Sesabamisi cvlilebebi saxelm-
wifos mier miRebuli normatiuli aqtebisgan gansxvave-
biT, ar qveyndeba presaSi an sxva beWdviT gamocemaSi).
mosamarTlem, iseve rogorc yvela Cvenganma, SesaZloa
mxolod yurmokvriT icodes maT Sesaxeb, magram saidan
unda daadginos am wesis Sinaarsi?
gansaxilvel ganaCenSi sasamarTlo braldebas sxva mt-

kicebulebiT amyarebs. aseT mtkicebulebad CaiTvala
mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romelTa Sinaarsis gacnobiT ad-
vilad vrwmundebiT, rom isini gadmogvcemen g-Zis mi-
marT Seqmnil sazogadoebriv azrs, rac utyuarad ver
asabuTebs imas, rom g-Ze swored am wesebis Sesabamisad
moqmedebda. amasTanave mowmeebs magaliTad ver mohyavT
Tundac erTi konkretuli SemTxveva, rac daadasturebs
mis mier aqtiuri qmedebis Cadenas qurduli samyaros
miznebis Sesabamisad, rac aucilebelia am muxliT qmede-
bis kvalifikaciisTvis.
618
kerZod, mowme g. g-Svilis Cveneba, romelic acxadebs,
rom muSaobs sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q.
Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi operatiul morige TanaSem-
wed 1988 wlidan da icnobs yvela Semosul braldebuls,
Tu vin iyo da romel sakanSi ixdida sasjels. 1995 wlis
aprilSi #49 sakanSi, romelic gankuTvnili iyo qurdu-
li tradiciebis matarebeli pirebisaTvis, Sesaxlebuli
iqna g. g-Ze. Sesabamisad, igi patimrebSi sargeblobda
yvela im privilegiebiT, riTac sargeblobdnen kanon-
ieri qurdebi da danarCeni avtoritetebi (s.f. 37-e, sa-
samarT. sxdomis oqmi, s.f. 370).
sasamarTlom erT-erT mtkicebulebad CaTvala swored

es Cveneba, romlis wakiTxvisas nebismier iurists ram-
denime kiTxva spontanurad gauCndeba: 1. g-Ze marTlac
iyo am sakanSi moTavsebuli da sargeblobda raime priv-
ilegiebiT? Kkargi iqneboda, sasamarTlos amis damadas-
turebeli dokumenti moepovebina; 2. 1995 wels, roca
ar arsebobda kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da
reketis Sesaxeb~ da ssk-Si arc 2231-e muxlis Sesabamisi
norma arsebobda, dRes raSi gamogvadgeba 1995 wels g-
Zis cxovrebis wesis gaxseneba? am CvenebaSi xom araferia
naTqvami imaze, rom g-Ze dRemde cxovrobs qurduli sa-
myaros specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad? sasamarTlos
ar gaurkvevia, raSi gamoixateba es specialuri wesebi.
maS, saidan keTdeba daskvna, rom g-Ze cxovrobs (an Tun-
dac cxovrobda) swored am wesebis Sesabamisad?
sasamarTlom g-Zis braldebis mtkicebulebad aseve CaT-

vala mowme n. o-lis Cveneba, romelic daaxloebiT erTi
welia muSaobs q. Tbilisis mTawminda-krwanisis saubno
ganyofilebis ufros inspeqtorad, romelmac uCvena,
rom mis kompetenciaSia me-3 seqtoris mosaxleobis aR-
wera, romelSic Sedis zubalaSvilebis quCaze mdebare
619
#30 saxli, sadac I sadarbazos me-5 sarTulze cxovrobs
m. r-Ze da n. S-Ze. mosaxleobis aRricxvis warmoebis pro-
cesSi, am ukanasknelTa mezoblebma misces damatebiTi
informacia masze, rom makas hyavda meore qmari _ g. g-Ze,
romelic aris e.w. kanonieri qurdi, qurduli tradicie-
bis matarebeli, narkotikebis momxmarebeli, ubanSi aw-
yobs garCevebs da rom mTeli mezoblebi Sewuxebulebi
arian aRniSnuli pirovnebiT. man (o-lma) aRniSnuli in-
formacia miawoda Tavis xelmZRvanelobas, Tumca maT es
cnoba ar gakvirvebiaT, radgan icodnen g-Zis pirovnebis
Sesaxeb (s.f. 40-41; sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi, s.f. 370-e).
inspeqtor o-lis Cveneba ar SeiZleba utyuar mtkice-
bulebead CaiTvalos, radgan igi gvawvdis informa-
cias, romlis warmoSobis wyarosac ki ver asaxelebs (m.
r-Zis `viRac mezoblebma~ uTxres). sakiTxavia, marTla
uTxres? riTaa es dadasturebuli? saidan icodnen maT,
rom g-Ze ubanSi garCevebs swored qurduli wesebis Se-
sabamisad awyobda, saerTod `saqmis gasarCevad~ gana
aucilebelia qurduli wesebis gamoyeneba? Qqurduli
garCevis gverdiT xom arsebobs reketuli garCevac? an
sadaa konkretuli faqti aseTi garCevisa? aseve sakiTxa-
via, es informacia o-lma marTlac miawoda Tavis xelmZ-
Rvanelobas? araviTari dokumenti amaze ar arsebobs.
im braldebis gasamyareblad, rom g-Ze aRiarebs qur-

dul samyaros da dRemde cxovrobs qurduli samyaros
wesebis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo erT-erT mtkiceb-
ulebad miiCnevs aseve mowme spartak a-Zis Cvenebas. es is
pirovnebaa, romelic dazaralebul s-lis mimarT g-Zis
mier ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis orive epizodSi (jer
6 ivniss da mere 8 ivniss) aqtiur monawileobas iRebda
daniT xelSi. igi ratomRac mowmis statusSi mogvevlina.
arada g-Zes bralad Seracxuli aqvs xulignoba, Cadeni-
li winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier (239-e muxlis me-2
620
nawili), sadac am jgufis wevrad moxsenebulia s. a-Zec.
igi iyo dazaralebul s-lis naTesavi. a-Zem kiTxvaze, Tu
ratom ar miexmara Tavis naTesav s-ls da ratom dadga
g-Zis mxares, upasuxa, rom ar undoda urTierTobis ga-
fuWeba iseTi kategoriis xalxTan, rogoric aris g-Ze,
xolo s-ls mere daelaparakeboda da advilad auxsnida
yvelafers. man aseve ganacxada, rom g-Ze adre iyo kanon-
ieri qurdi, magram axlac aris Tu ara, ar icis, Tumca
aqve dasZens, rom igi qurduli tradiciebis mimdevaria,
ubanSi `kai biWis~ saxeliT sargeblobs.
ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli aseTi Cveneba (sadac aranairi

faqti araa moyvanili) CaiTvalos mtkicebulebad qur-
duli samyaros wevrobis bralad SeracxvisTvis?
rogorc viciT, òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis

Sesaxeb~ kanonis Tanaxmad, qurduli samyaros wevri aris
nebismieri piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da
aqtiurad moqmedebs qurduli samyaros miznebis gansax-
orcieleblad.
amdenad, saxeze unda iyos ori kumulaciuri piroba: 1.

piri unda aRiarebdes qurdul samyaros; 2. igi aqtiurad
moqmedebdes am samyaros miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
rogor gavigoT àRiarebs qurdul samyaros~?
sasamarTlo praqtikis SeswavliT dgindeba, rom xSirad

qurduli samyaros aRiareba dadasturebulad miaCniaT,
Tuki am pirze sazogadoebis nawilSi (nacnobebSi, mezo-
blebSi) Seqmnilia azri, rom igi qurduli tradiciebis
mimdevaria.
sinamdvileSi ki am braldebis samtkiceblad araa sak-
marisi imis dadgena, Tu rogoria sazogadoebis nawilis
azri am piris mimarT. ufro metic, amis samtkiceblad
621
arc isaa sakmarisi, rom Tavad es piri acxadebs mis kav-
Sirze qurdul samyarosTan (ganaCenSi mosamarTle erT-
erT mtkicebulebad miiCnevs gagniZis satelefono sau-
bris krebsiTi amonaweris erT adgils, sadac gagniZe
vinme daTos kiTxvaze, aris Tu ara is qurdi, pasuxobs:
`daviT, qurdi var da qurdi viqnebi~ _ix. s.f. 371-e). ase-
Ti Cveneba SesaZlebelia, CaiTvalos erT-erT mtkiceb-
ulebad sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTad.
mainc ratom araa sakmarisi? amis mizezi ramdenimea.

pirveli _ adamiani sxvadasxva mosazrebiT SeiZleba
ibralebdes, rom igi aRiarebs am samyaros, sinamdvileSi
ki sul sxva cxovrebis wesiT cxovrobdes (niSandobliv-
ia, rom g-Ze sasamarTlo procesze acxadebs, rom igi
aris qarTuli tradiciebis mimdevari da qurduli
tradiciebi aravisTan gamouvlenia); meore _ SesaZloa,
piri marTlac guliT aRiarebdes am samyaros, magram
es mainc araa sakmarisi, radgan àRiarebs qurdul sam-
yaros~ niSnavs ara calmxriv, aramed ormxriv aRiarebas.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ara marto es piri unda aRiareb-
des qurdul samyaros, aramed Tavad qurduli samyaroc
unda aRiarebdes mas rogorc am samyaros wevrs, e.i. es
piri qurduli samyaros mier miRebuli unda iyos am sam-
yaros wevrad.
saidan keTdeba aseTi daskvna? es daskvna gamomdinare-

obs uSualod kanonis moTxovnidan. kerZod, rogorc
vTqviT, qurduli samyaros wevrobis meore pirobaa is,
rom piri aqtiurad moqmedebs am samyaros miznebis gan-
saxorcieleblad. es ki imas niSnavs, rom piris aqtiuri
moqmedebiT (magaliTad, e.w. òbSiakis~ SekrebiT, qur-
duli garCeviT da sxva) igi axorcielebs qurduli sam-
yaros miznebs, exmareba maT am miznebis (sargeblis miRe-
bis) realizebaSi da es urTierTSeTanxmebuli procesia.
622
Tuki piri damoukideblad moqmedebs, rogorc e.w. àdi-
noCka’, mas ar cnobs qurduli samyaro, aseT pirobebSi
misi qmedeba xels ver Seuwyobs qurduli samyaros miz-
nebis ganxorcielebas da igi ver CaiTvleba im samyaros
wevrad, romlis warmomadgenlebi ar cnoben mas da ar
sargebloben misi aqtiuri moqmedebis SedegebiT.
gamomdinare aqedan, unda davaskvnaT, rom qurduli sam-

yaros mxolod calmxrivi aRiareba ver CaiTvleba qur-
duli samyaros wevrobad ara marto imitom, rom saxeze
araa meore aucilebeli piroba (aqtiuri moqmedeba),
aramed imitomac, rom es piri araa aRiarebuli am sam-
yaros mier (e.i. saxeze araa zemoTxsenebuli kanonis
pirveli pirobac).
gansaxilvel ganaCenSi sasamarTlo cdilobs daamtki-

cos, rom g-Ze aRiarebulia qurdul samyaroSi da maT-
Tan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebs. masze wardgenil bralde-
baSi vkiTxulobT, rom mas: `... aqtiuri urTierToba aqvs
qurduli samyaros wevrebTan, kerZod, d. w-Tan, amJamad
ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romlebsac xels uw-
yobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebulobs sx-
vadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da ganxor-
cielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, razec axdens
danaSaulebrivi gegmis SemuSavebas...~
braldebis es monakveTic saqmis masalebiT araa saTana-

dod dasabuTebuli. ufro metic, zogierT maTganTan
piradi nacnobobac ki araa dadgenili. dasmul kiTxvaze,
icnobs Tu ara igi g. k-ias, g-Ze pasuxobs, rom aseTs saer-
Tod ar icnobs, xolo b. w-eli iyo misi megobari, magram
Semdeg ugzo-ukvlod daikarga. rac Seexeba d. w-els, ic-
nobs, rogorc b-is Zmas.
misi am Cvenebis sawinaaRmdegod saqmeSi aranairi mtkice-

623
buleba ar moipoveba. am pirebTan garda piradisa, sxva
saeWvo satelefono saubaric ki araa dafiqsirebuli.
maS saidan mtkicdeba maTi danaSaulebrivi kavSiri da is,
rom xels uwyobs maT qurduli samyaros marTvaSi? ker-
Zod, romeli danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb miiRo davaleba
da visgan? ra gegma SeimuSava maT gansaxorcieleblad?
aseve gaurkvevelia, ras niSnavs urTierToba aqvs `sx-
vebTan~? vin arian es `sxvebi~?
am bolo kiTxvis Sesaxeb ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: àmave

krebsebidan irkveva, rom g. g-Ze da masTan mosaubre
mamakaci 500 aSS dolars Zalaven ZiebiT daudgenel
moqalaqes da radgan am ukanasknels ar miaqvs maTTan
fuli, Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, waarTvan manqana~
(s.f. 371-e).
rogorc Cans, ver dadginda, vis esaubreba g-Ze am SemTx-

vevaSi telefoniT. verc is, Tu vis mimarT gegmaven isini
gamoZalvas. amdenad, saqmis arsi sruliad bundova-
nia. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom gamoZalvis
dadgena araa sakmarisi qurduli samyaros wevrobis
bralad SeracxvisaTvis, radgan gamoZalva da qur-
duli samyaros wevroba sruliad damoukidebeli da-
naSaulebia, gamoZalvis CadenisaTvis araa aucilebeli
qurduli samyaros wevroba (aseve piriqiT).
ganaCeniT g-Zeze wardgenili braldeba dadasturebu-

lad aris miCneuli aseve mowmeTa _ z. m-Zisa da k. x-Zis
CvenebebiT. ganaCenSi vkiTxulobT: `maT aCvenes, rom g.
g-Ze aris e.w. reketiori, narkotikis momxmarebeli da
eweva maRaziebidan fuladi Tanxebis aRebas, qurduli
wesiT wyvets moqalaqeTa Soris davebs, arCevs saqmeebs,
warsulSi iyo kanonieri qurdi, dResac warmoadgens
kanonier kriminalur avtoritets da eweva qurduli
624
tradiciebis Camoyalibebas axalgazrdebSi~ (s.f. 371-e).
rogorc vxedavT, am Cvenebis mixedviT g-Ze reketirada-
caa warmodgenili da qurduli samyaros wevradac, rac
urTierTgamomricxvelia. Aaseve mocemul CvenebebSi
araferia naTqvami imaze, Tu kerZod, rodis da romeli
maRaziidan iRebda igi Tanxas gamoZalviT; vis Soris
gadawyvita davebi da rodis; saidan dasturdeba, rom
davebs swored qurduli wesiT wyvetda; saidan icis, rom
warsulSi iyo kanonieri qurdi; rom dResac aris krimi-
naluri avtoriteti; raSi gamoixateba is, rom igi eweva
qurduli tradiciebis Camoyalibebas axalgazrdebSi,
kerZod, vis mimarT ganaxorciela es qmedeba? kargi
iqneboda, saqmeSi mopovebuli iyos aseTi konkretuli
faqtebi.
rogor esmiT sasamarTlo praqtikaSi qurduli garCeva?
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba igive ganaCeni, riTac g-Zes

bralad Seeracxa aseve is, rom igi `qurduli samyaros
sxva wevrebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri moqmedebiT xels
uwyobs qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas,
qurduli samyaros daudgenel wevrebTan erTad sargeb-
lis miRebis mizniT monawileobs qurdul garCevaSi...~
mocemul saqmeSi g-Zis mier vinmeze saqmis garCevis ara-

nairi faqti ar fiqsirdeba, garda erTi SemTxvevisa, ras-
ac, rogorc Cans, sasamarTlo saqmis garCevad Tvlis.
kerZod, zemoTxsenebul fabulaSi weria: `...imis gamo,

rom am ukanasknelma mas taqsiT momsaxurebis sanacvlod
gamoarTva garkveuli Tanxa, rogorc qurduli samyaros
warmomadgenelma Tavi igrZno Seuracxyofilad da amis
gamo mas dauwyo saqmis garCeva, ra drosac saxis areSi
gaartya xeli...~
625
ras niSnavs qurduli garCeva?
òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ saqarT-

velos kanonis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, qurduli garCeva
niSnavs qurduli samyaros wevris mier or an met pirs
Soris arsebuli davis gadawyvetas, romelsac axlavs
muqara, iZuleba, daSineba an sxva ukanono qmedeba.
òr an met pirs Soris~ niSnavs imas, rom qurduli sam-

yaros wevri minimum or modave mxars Soris warmoSobil
problemas wyvets sxvadasxva ukanono qmedebiT (asru-
lebs `mosamarTlis~ rols). rodesac qurduli samyaros
wevri Tavad edaveba vinmes (e.i. erT pirs urCevs saqmes)
igive xerxebis gamoyenebiT (muqariT, iZulebiT da a.S.),
qurdul garCevas adgili ara aqvs. aseTi qmedeba Sei-
Zleba CaiTvalos qurduli samyaros wevris mier Cade-
nil sxva aqtiur moqmedebad, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
igi emsaxureboda qurduli samyaros miznebis ganxor-
cielebas.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi g-Ze ar wyvetda davas or mxares

Soris, igi Tavad edaveboda s-Svils, radgan ganawyeneb-
uli iyo masze. es SemTxveva verc im aqtiurobad CaiTv-
leba, razec saubaria zemoTxsenebuli kanonis me-3 mux-
lSi qurduli samyaros wevris ganmartebisas, radgan
rogorc vTqviT, aseTi aqtiuri moqmedeba unda emsax-
urebodes qurduli samyaros miznebs. amave kanonis Se-
sabamisad ki qurduli samyaros mizani aris misi wevre-
bisaTvis an sxva pirebisaTvis sargeblis miReba. g-Zes ki
s-SvilTan Cxubis dros araviTari sargeblis miRebis mi-
zani ar amoZravebda. misi mizani iyo samagieros mizRva
s-Svilze.
g-Zis es qmedeba verc reketul garCevad CaiTvleba.

ssk-is 2241-e muxlis mixedviT, reketul dajgufebaSi
626
monawileobis obieqturi Semadgenloba sxva qmedebebT-
an erTad gulisxmobs agreTve: a) davebis ukanonod gad-
awyvetas; b) monawileobas davebis ukanonod gadawyveta-
Si reketul dajgufebaTa an reketul dajgufebasa da
sxva pirs Soris, rasac mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar
hqonia.
riT gansxvavdeba reketuli da qurduli garCeva?
1) qurduli garCevis amsrulebelia qurduli samyaros

wevri, xolo davebis reketuli gadawyvetisa _ reketu-
li dajgufebis monawile (reketiri); 2) qurduli garCe-
va mimdinareobs e.w. qurduli wesebis Sesabamisad, xolo
reketulad davebis gadawyvetisaTvis araa `dadgenili~
raime wesebi, igi araa CarCoSi moqceuli: 3) qurduli
garCeva mimdinareobs or an met nebismier modave mxares
Soris, xolo davebis reketuli gadawyvta: a) reketul
dajgufebebs Soris an Bb) reketul dajgufebasa da sxva
pirs Soris (e.i. aq erTi modave mxare mainc unda iyos re-
ketuli dajgufeba).
amdenad, zedmetia saubari imaze, rom g-Zis qmedebaSi

araa reketuli garCevis niSnebi.
rogorc zemoTaRwerili garemoebidan Cans g. g-Zes

qmedebaSi aSkaraa mcire sababiT atexili Cxubi da Zala-
doba (gineba, cema, janmrTelobis dazianeba), rac Cade-
nilia sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilas (riTac man
gamoxata aSkara upativcemuloba sazogadoebisadmi),
rac SeiZleba Sefasdes xulignobad, Tuki man gamoi-
wvia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis uxeSi darRveva. amasTan
qmedeba Cadenilia civi iaraRis gamoyenebiT, rac gva-
Zlevs 239-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Semadgenlobas. xolo
239-e muxlis me-3 nawilis dispoziciidan aSkarad Cans,
627
rom es nawili TavisTavSi moicavs am muxlis 1-el da me-2
nawilsac. amdenad, qmedebis kvalifikaciisas zedmeti
iyo me-2 nawilis à’ qvepunqtze (Cadenili winaswar SeT-
anxmebiT jgufis mier) miTiTeba. sasamarTlos mxolod
braldebaSi unda daefiqsirebina es damamZimebeli gare-
moeba (es sakiTxi ufro dawvrilebiT ganxilulia ssk-is
1431-e muxlis ganmartebisas).
am epizodis kvalifikaciisas daSvebulia sxva Secdomac.

kerZod, gagniZisa da misi megobrebis ZaladobTi qmede-
ba, rac Cadenili iyo sexniaSvilis mimarT sazogadoe-
brivi TavSeyris adgilas (quCaSi), dakvalificirebulia
xulignobad (139-e muxli) da amave dros mas micemuli
aqvs qurduli garCevis Sefaseba.
aseTi kvalifikacia ssk 2231-e muxlis arsis araswori

gagebis Sedegia. xulignoba aris danaSauli, romlis
subieqturi Semadgenlobis aucilebeli niSania sazoga-
doebisadmi aSkara upativcemulobis gamoxatva, xolo
qurduli samyaros wevrobis subieqturi Semadgenlobis
aucilebeli niSani _ qurduli samyaros wevrebisaTvis
an sxva pirebisaTvis sargeblis miReba (òrganizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb kanonis me-3 muxli).
qurduli samyaros mizani ar SeiZleba iyos sazogadoe-

bisadmi àSkarad~ upativcemulobis gamoxatva. piriqiT,
am samyaros wevrebi cdiloben sxvadasxva mzakvruli
xerxebiT Seqmnan iluzia, rom did pativs scemen sa-
zogadoebas, arian `gaWirvebulTa da usamarTlod da-
CagrulTa Semwe~. isini garegnulad iqcevian `Rirseu-
lad~, `TavdaWerilad~, gamoirCevian sityvaZunwobiT,
sazogadoebaSi ar `xmauroben~, riTac cdiloben se-
riozuli adamianis avtoritetis mopovebas. swored
ùsamarTlod daCagrulTa Semweobas~ emsaxureba e.w.
628
qurduli garCeva, romelic or modave mxares Soris
problemis gadawyvetas gulisxmobs (maT Soris mtyuan-
marTalis garkveviskenaa mimarTuli). SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom xulignuri qmedebis Cadena qurduli samyaros mso-
flmxedvelobiT uRirsi saqcielic ki aris, àr amSven-
ebs~ am samyaros wevrs, radgan maT imis pretenzia aqvT,
rom simpatia daimsaxuron sazogadoebis did nawilSi.
es ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos qurduli samyaros wevr-

is mier gamoricxulia xulignobis Cadena, magram saqme
isaa, rom aseTi qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes rogorc
xulignoba (da ara qurduli garCevisa da xulignobis
erToblioba).
sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom g-Zis

warsulSi `kanonieri qurdobis~, sadReisod ki qur-
duli samyaros wevrobis faqti dadasturebulad cno
mowmeTa iseTi CvenebebiT (`gagvigia, rom igi kanonieri
qurdi iyo, dResac qurduli tradiciebis mimdevaria~),
romelic araa sakmarisi am braldebis dadasturebisaT-
vis. is faqti, rom g-Zis pirovnebaze aseTi azria Seqmni-
li sazogadoebis nawilSi (aRsaniSnavia, rom procesze
dakiTxuli zogierTi mowme, magaliTad, dazaralebul
s-lis meuRle acxadebs, rom araferi gaugiaT g-Zis qur-
duli tradiciebis Sesaxeb), araa utyuari da sakmarisi
mtkicebuleba masze Seracxuli braldebis dasadas-
tureblad.
ssk-is 2231-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa sisx-

lis samarTlis kanonis moqmedebis sakiTxi droSi da
sivrceSi da pirTa wris mimarT. ufro konkretulad
rom vTqvaT, rodis unda iyos Cadenili am muxlSi aRw-
erili qmedeba? Tu daekisreba pasuxismgebloba am mux-
liT ucxo qveynis moqalaqes? sad unda iyos Cadenili es
qmedeba?
629
am TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas ipyrobs Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 13 oqtombris ganaCeni
z. k-vis mimarT (saqme # 1/6244-06).
ganaCenis mixedviT k-vi cnobil iqna damnaSaved ssk-is

2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT da 144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis
à~, è~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT (2006 w. 31 maisamde moqmedi
redaqciiT). kerZod, msjavri daedo masSi, rom Caidina
kanonieri qurdoba, aseve mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba winas-
wari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier, angarebiT, Svid dReze
meti xniT.
etapobrivad mivyveT ganaCenSi dafiqsirebul braldebas.
kerZod, ganaCenis mixedviT, dadasturebulad iqna cno-

bili, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqe, q. TbilisSi mcxovre-
bi z. k-vi 1971 wels q.TbilisSi qurdul Sekrebaze, e.w.
`qurdul sxodkaze~ aw gardacvlili kanonieri qurdis
a. m-vis mier aRiarebuli iqna kanonier qurdad. kanoni-
er qurdad aRiarebis Semdeg igi sistematurad iRebda
monawileobas sxvadasxva qurdul garCevebSi. daaxloe-
biT 1989 wels igi gaemgzavra ruseTSi, kerZod, q. mosk-
ovSi, sadac dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qurdobas.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am nawilSi braldeba exeba

k-vis cxovrebis epizods, rac SesaZloa, saqarTvelo-
Si moxda 1971 wels (ufro sworad, 1971 wlidan 1989
wlamde).
saqme isaa, rom 2005 wlamde saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda

kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~,
anu e.w. kanonieri qurdoba ar iyo dasjadi qmedeba. am-
denad, k-vis 1971 wels kanonier qurdad aRiareba da amis
Semdeg 1989 wlamde qurdul garCevebSi monawileoba
630
dadasturebuli faqtic rom iyos, igi sadReisod misi
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisTvis ver
gamodgeba, radgan sisxlis samarTlis kanons, romelic
awesebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas, ukuZala ara aqvs
(ssk-is me-3 muxlis 1-eli nawili).
rogorc ganaCenSia aRniSnuli, k-vi 1989 wels ruseTSi

gaemgzavra da iq dRemde agrZelebs kanonier qurdobas.
sainteresoa, Tu davuSvebT, rom saqmis masalebiT
braldebis es monakveTi utyuaradaa dadasturebuli,
gamodgeba Tu ara igi k-vis mimarT ssk-is 2231-e muxliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad unda mivmarToT saqarT-

velos ssk-is me-5 muxls, riTac mowesrigebulia sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba sazRvargareT
Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis. am muxlis 1-eli da me-2
nawilebi exeba saqarTvelos moqalaqes da saqarTvelo-
Si mudmivad mcxovreb moqalaqeobis armqone pirs. xolo
amave muxlis me-3 nawili exeba ucxoels an moqalaqeobis
armqone pirs, romelic mudmivad ar cxovrobs saqarT-
veloSi.
daviwyoT ssk-is me-5 muxlis 1-eli nawilis ganxilviT,

romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelos moqalaqes an saqarT-
veloSi mudmivad mcxovreb moqalaqeobis armqone pirs
am kodeqsiT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba daeki-
sreba maSin, Tu man sazRvargareT Caidina ssk-iT gaTval-
iswinebuli iseTi qmedeba, romelic danaSaulad iTvle-
ba im saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT, sadac is Cadenilia.
vinaidan kanonieri qurdoba an qurduli samyaros wev-
roba ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT arc aras-
dros yofila da arc amJamadaa dasjadi qmedeba, k-vs
ruseTSi Cadenili am qmedebebisTvis (igi dadasturebu-
631
lic rom iyos) ss pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT ver daekisreba.
vnaxoT me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili Tu iZleva SesaZle-

blobas, daekisros pasuxismgebloba k-vs ruseTSi am
qmedebis CadenisaTvis.
ssk-is me-5 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT saqarTvelos

moqalaqes an saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovreb mo-
qalaqeobis armqone pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgebloba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsiT daekisreba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT sazRvargareT
Caidina am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi qmedeba,
romelic danaSaulad ar iTvleba im saxelmwifos kanon-
mdeblobiT, sadac is Cadenilia, magram es qmedeba aris
saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZ-
ime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli anda Tu sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba am danaSaulisT-
vis gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebiT.
ruseTis teritoriaze e.w. kanonieri qurdobis Cadena,

Tu am qmedebiT ar dazaralda saqarTvelos moqalaqe
an iuridiuli piri, ver CaiTvleba saqarTvelos inter-
esebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebad. amasTanave am
sakiTxze aranairi saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba ar ar-
sebobs saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris. amdenad, ssk-is
me-5 muxlis me-2 nawilic ar iZleva imis SesaZleblobas,
rom k-vze saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT
Seracxul iqnas 1989 wlidan dRemde ruseTSi Cadenili
`kanonieri~ qurdoba.
amdenad, ganaCenis es monakveTi ar Seesabameba saqarT-

velos ssk-is me-3 muxlis 1-eli nawilisa da me-5 muxlis
1-el da me-2 nawilebis arss.
632
aRniSnuli ganaCeniT aseve dadasturebuladaa miCneu-
li, rom moskovSi yofnis ganmavlobaSi misi iniciativiT
saqarTveloSi ewyoboda qurduli Sekrebebi, e.w. `qur-
duli sxodkebi~, romelic imarTeboda sxva kriminaluri
avtoritetebis kanonier qurdad aRiarebis mizniT,
aseve kanonieri qurdebis gavlenis sferoebiT uzrun-
velyofis sakiTxTa dasaregulireblad da sxvadasxva
saxis danaSaulebrivi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad, rasac
igi agvarebda satelefono kavSirebis meSveobiT. igi
aris ra kanonieri qurdi, amJamadac aRiarebs qurdul
tradiciebs, monawileobs e.w. qurdul SekrebebSi, gar-
CevebSi da mis davalebebs saqarTveloSi emorCilebian
qurduli samyaros wevrebi.
igi ukavSirdeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros

robileSi moTavsebul kanonier qurdebs, a. q-ians, met-
saxelad `wripas~ da z. p-Svils, romlebic misi uSualo
miTiTebebiTa da davalebebiT patimarTa da msjavrde-
bulTagan yovelTviurad, sistematurad, krebdnen fu-
lad Tanxebs qurdul `saerToebSi~ Setanis mizniT, rac
xmardeboda kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli samyaros
wevrTa materialur uzrunvelyofas.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am monakveTSi miTiTebulia

im qmedebebze, ris Cadenasac k-vs abraleben saqarT-
velos interesebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram ganaCenSi
araa dakonkretebuli am qmedebaTa Cadenis Tundac mi-
axloebiTi dro (weli).
ismis kiTxva: ramdenad gamodgeba es braldeba ssk-is

2231-e muxliT pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis?
am sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis pasuxi unda gaeces kiTx-
633
vas: xom araa ssk-is 2231-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli da-
naSaulis Semadgenloba denadi danaSauli?
Tu igi denadia, maSin mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rodis iqna

aRiarebuli piri kanonier qurdad _ òrganizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ kanonis miRebamde, Tu
mis Semdeg. mTavaria, k-is mier adre Cadenili qmedeba
grZeldebodes am kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdegac.
ssk-is me-13 muxlis mixedviT, denadia am kodeqsis erTi

muxliT an muxlis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-
li, romlis Cadena iwyeba moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT da
romelic Semdeg uwyvetad xorcieldeba.
ramdenad Seesabameba es cneba qurduli samyaros wev-

robas an kanonier qurdobas?
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qurduli samyaros wevroba

aucileblad gulisxmobs or kumulaciur niSans: 1. pirma
unda aRiaros qurduli samyaro da 2. man aqtiurad unda
imoqmedos am samyaros miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
aqedan gamomdinare, qurduli samyaros mxolod aRiare-

ba araa sakmarisi qurduli samyaros wevrobisaTvis. e.i.
am samyaros pasiuri wevroba (samyaroSi gawevrianeba) ar
gvaZlevs am danaSaulis Semadgenlobas (gansxvavebul vi-
TarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, magaliTad ssk-is 223-e muxlSi,
sadac ukanono SeiaraRebul formirebaSi monawileoba
damTavrebulia am formirebaSi gaerTianebis momenti-
dan da igi Semdeg uwyvetad grZeldeba). ssk-is 2231-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlo-
bisaTvis aucilebelia pirma kidec aqtiurad imoqmedos
am samyaros miznebisaTvis. xolo es moqmedeba (magali-
Tad, òbSiakis~ Segroveba, an arasrulwlovnis Cabma da-
634
naSaulSi da a.S.) rogoc wesi, ar xorcieldeba uwyvetad
da mas epizoduri xasiaTi aqvs. amasTan, qmedeba mimarTu-
lia sxvadasxva uSualo obieqtis winaaRmdeg (magali-
Tad, muqaris gamoyenebiT `qurduli wilis~ moTxovna
xdeba sxvadasxva pirisagan) anda danaSaulis msxverpli
sxvadasxva pirovnebaa (magaliTad, danaSaulSi Cabmulia
sxvadasxva piri). SesaZlebelia, es qmedebebi erTmaneTi-
sagan garkveuli droiTac iyos dacilebuli.
amdenad, qurduli samyaros wevroba araa denadi dana-

Sauli, radgan misi Semadgenloba mibmulia am samyaros
miznebisaTvis sxvadasxva aqtiuri qmedebebis Cadenas-
Tan. amitom Tu qurdul samyaroSi gawevrianebis Semdeg
saxezea aqtiuri qmedebis Cadena im dros, roca es kanoni
ar arsebobda, dRes aseTi qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk-is
223-e muxliT dauSvebelia.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia, pirs qur-

duli samyaros miznebis Sesabamisad erTi qmedeba mainc
unda hqondes Cadenili ssk-is 2231-e muxlis SemoRebis
Semdeg.
igive unda iTqvas ssk-is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawilzec _

kanonieri qurdoba.

me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonieri qurdi aris qurduli
samyaros wevri, romelic qurduli samyaros spec. wese-
bis Sesabamisad, nebismieri formiT marTavs an/da or-
ganizebas uwevs qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul
jgufs.
rogorc vxedavT, aqac saWiroa ori kumulaciuri niSnis

arseboba: 1. qurduli samyaros wevroba da 2. pirTa jgu-
635
fis marTva an maTi organizeba `qurduli wesebis~ Sesa-
bamisad.
amdenad, gansxvavebiT qurduli samyaros wevrobisagan,

`kanonieri qurdis~ aqtiuri qmedeba gamoixateba pirTa
jgufis marTvaSi an organizebaSi (e.i. igi aris am sam-
yaros xelmZRvaneli).
`marTva~ da òrganizeba~ ki gulisxmobs ciklur pro-

cesebs, sxvadasxva qmedebebs, romlebic erTmaneTTan
uwyvetad araa dakavSirebuli. piriqiT, am qmedebebs,
xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTTan kavSiric ki ara aqvT
(magaliTad, `kanonieri qurdi~ wils iTxovs restornis
mesakuTrisagan, amave dros qurduli samyaros wevri-
sagan iTxovs e.w. òbSiakis~ Segrovebas, anda `saqmes ur-
Cevs~ sxva mewarmeebs, raSic iRebs Tavis `qurdul wils~).
amaze isic miuTiTebs, rom e.w. kanonieri qurdi, rogorc
wesi, marTavs sxvadasxva pirTa jgufs. es SeiZleba iyos
qurduli samyaro (romlis wevric Tavadaa), aseve pirTa
sruliad sxva jgufi. yovlad SeuZlebelia, piri uw-
yveti (denadi) qmedebiT marTavdes or an met sxvadasxva
pirTa jgufs.
gamomdinare aqedan, kanonieri qurdoba araa denadi da-

naSauli da amdenad, ssk-is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom
erTi qmedeba mainc (magaliTad, pirTa romelime jgufis
marTva) Cadenili iyos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi am
muxlis SemoRebis Semdeg.
vnaxoT, ramdenadaa daculi es piroba mocemul saqmeSi?
amis gasarkvevad mivubrundeT aRniSnuli ganaCenis ze-

moTmoyvanil monakveTs, sadac naTqvamia, rom moskovSi
636
yofnis ganmavlobaSi k-vis iniciativiT saqarTveloSi
ewyoboda qurduli Sekrebebi.
rogorc vxedavT, ganaCenis am monakveTSi araa dakonk-

retebuli, Tu rodis (romel wels) da sad moewyo es
Sekrebebi.
aseve ganaCenis am monakveTSi zogadadaa naTqvami, rom

igi satelefono kavSirebis meSveobiT axorcielebda
sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulebriv kavSirebs.
ganaCeni ufro dasabuTebuli iqneboda, masSi dakonk-

retebuli rom iyos a) kerZod, romeli danaSaulebrivi
kavSirebi gvardeboda k-vTan satelefono kavSirebiT;
b) rodis (romel wels) Sedga es kavSirebi da sadaa amisi
mtkicebuleba saqmeSi?
ganaCenis am monakveTSi aseve vkiTxulobT, rom igi,

aris ra kanonieri qurdi, amJamadac aRiarebs qurdul
tradiciebs, monawileobs qurdul garCevebSi da mis
davalebebs saqarTveloSi emorCilebian qurduli sam-
yaros wevrebi.
ganaCeni ufro damajerebeli iqneboda, masSi miTiTe-

buli rom iyos: 1. romeli mtkicebulebiT dasturdeba,
rom k-vi amJamadac monawileobs qurdul garCevebSi;
kerZod, romel garCevaSi miiRo monawileoba da vis
gaurCia saqme? 2. riT dasturdeba, rom mis davalebebs
saqarTveloSi emorCilebian qurduli samyaros wevre-
bi? kerZod, ra davaleba misca maT? 3. kerZod, vis misca
davaleba da rodis (romel wels) moxda es?
sayuradReboa ganaCenis Semdegi monakveTi, sadac mi-
TiTebulia imaze, rom k-vi ukavSirdeboda q. Tbilisis #5
sapyrobileSi moTavsebul kanonier qurdebs q-ians da p-
637
Svils, romlebic misi uSualo miTiTebiTa da davalebiT
yovelTviurad, sistematurad, krebdnen fulad Tanx-
ebs, rac xmardeboda kanonieri qurdebisa da qurduli
samyaros wevrTa materialur uzrunvelyofas.
aqac ismis kiTxva: 1. rodis (romel wels) ukavSirdeboda

igi q-iansa da p-Svils da rodis (romel wels) sTxovda
fulis Sekrebas? 2. rodis Sekribes maT es fuladi Tanx-
ebi? 3. Tuki aseTi faqtebi cnobili iyo samarTaldam-
cavi organoebisaTvis, ratom Tavis droze ar axdendnen
reagirebas masze? 4. ratom ar daisva im pirTa pasux-
ismgeblobis sakiTxi, romlebsac evalebodaT amgvari
faqtebze samarTlebrivi reagireba an/da Sefaseba? 5.
Tu es faqtebi maTi Cadenisas ar iyo cnobili saTanado
organoebisaTvis, Semdeg rogor gaxda igi cnobili maT-
Tvis?
kargi iqneboda, am sakiTxebze saTanado yuradRebis

gamaxvileba.
xsenebul ganaCenSi aris erTi monakveTi, sadac miTiTe-

bulia qmedebis Cadenis dro. kerZod, aq vkiTxulobT:
ìgi 2006 wlis 14 aprils mobilur telefonze daukav-
Sirda Sss specialuri operatiuli departamentis or-
ganizebul danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos meore
samsaxuris ufrosis moadgiles g. C-Svils, rom mas da
saqarTvelos samarTaldamcav organoebs Tavi daenebe-
binaT kanonieri qurdebis devnisTvis. im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu ar Sesruldeba z. k-vis moTxovna, am ukanasknelisve
organizebiTa da sxva kanonieri qurdebis monawileobiT
mTeli qurduli samyaro gaerTiandeboda saqarTvelos
samarTaldamcavi organoebis winaaRmdeg da ibrZolebd-
nen kanonieri qurdebis interesebis dasacavad~.
638
riTaa dadasturebuli k-vis mier am qmedebis Cadena
(muqara, rac mimarTulia iqiTken, rom saTanado orga-
nos warmomadgenlebma ar Seasrulon maTze dakisrebu-
li movaleoba qurduli samyaros winaaRmdeg brZolis
saqmeSi)?
ganaCenis mixedviT, saamiso mtkicebulebad moyvanilia

mowmed dakiTxuli g. C-Svilis Cveneba, romelic acxa-
debs, rom mas 2006 wlis 14 aprils mobilur telefonze
daureka ucnobma mamakacma amoucnobi nomriT, romelic
mas daelaparaka rusul enaze da uTxra, rom iyo `zaxari~.
rodesac man upasuxa, Tu ra nebavda, am ukanasknelma mas
qarTulad uTxra, rom iyo kanonieri qurdi S. k-vi. Sem-
deg rusulad gaagrZela saubari da uTxra, rom misTvis
cnobili iyo mis mier kanonieri qurdis, j. S-Zis, aseve
misi bavSvobis megobris, m. f-Zis dakavebis faqti da gaa-
frTxila is da samsaxuris TanamSromlebi Tavi daenebe-
binaT kanoniri qurdebis devna-dakavebisTvis.
am Cvenebis wakiTxvisas bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxvebi: 1.

Tuki realurad iyo aseTi satelefono zari, ratom ver
moxerxda Sesabamisi nomris dadgena? (amoucnobi nom-
ris dadgena saTanado samsaxurebs SeuZliaT); 2. riTaa
dadasturebuli, rom am zaris avtori marTlac k-vi iyo
da vinmem ar isargebla misi saxeliT? 3. ramdenadaa Ses-
aZlebeli mowmis amgvari bundovani Cveneba (ùcnobma
mamakacma miTxra, rom igi iyo kanonieri qurdi S. k-vi~)
CaiTvalos kanonieri qurdobisaTvis braldebis mt-
kicebulebad?
aseve gansaxilvel ganaCenSi k-ze wardgenili braldebis

damadasturebel erT-erT mtkicebulebad miCneulia
is, rom k-vs mWidro megobruli urTierToba aqvs sx-
vadasxva kanonier qurdebTan (da CamoTvlilia am pirTa
gvarebi).
639
jer erTi, saidan dasturdeba, rom maT aqvT mWidro
megobruli urTierToba? meorec, saidan dasturde-
ba, rom es pirebi _ l. S-Svili, g. z-Ze da v. i-vi arian
`kanonieri~ qurdebi? aris ki maT mimarT gamotanili
ganaCeni am braldebiT? mesame da mTavari, rac ar unda
dagvaviwydes: `kanonier~ qurdTan megobroba sruliad
ar niSnavs imas, rom es piric `kanonieri~ qurdia. aseTi
megobroba SeiZleba moralurad iyos gaumarTlebeli,
magram ssk-is 2231-e muxliT braldebisaTvis mtkiceb-
ulebad ver gamodgeba.
xsenebul ganaCenSi sxva problemacaa. kerZod, sadavoa

is faqti, aris Tu ara k-vi saqarTvelos moqalaqe. mis
mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqme sxvadasxva instanciis
sasamarTloebma ise ganixiles, rom misi adgilsamyo-
feli aravin icoda, igi sasamarTloebs TvaliTac ar
unaxavT. sasamarTloze warmodgenil iqna S. k-vis pas-
portis qseroasli, romlidanac Cans, rom igi ruseTis
moqalaqea.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 23 maisis

ganaCeniT (saqme #1/b-2838-06) warmodgenili qseroasli
ar miiCnia sarwmuno mtkicebulebad.
amdenad, k-vis moqalaqeobis sakiTxi aSkarad saeWvo da

sadavoa.
Tuki k-vi marTlac ruseTis moqalaqea, maSin mis mier

sazRvargareT Cadenili qmedebaze ssk-is 2231-e muxliT
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis aucilebelia dada-
sturdes, rom: a) es qmedebebi aris saqarTvelos inter-
esebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSauli anda Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgebloba am danaSaulisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia
640
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT (ssk-is
me-5 muxlis me-3 nawili) da b) es qmedebebi Cadenili unda
iyos mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi SemoRebuliqna 2231-e muxli (ssk-is me-2 mux-
lis 1-eli da me-2 nawili.).
k-vis mimarT ssk-is 2231-e muxlis gamoyenebis sxva sa-

fuZveli gveqneboda maSin, Tu igi am qmedebas Caidenda
saqarTvelos teritoriaze (ssk-is me-4 muxlis 1-eli
nawili).
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, k-ovs am ganaCeniT bralad

Seeracxa aseve mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba (144 muxlis me-2
nawili, à~, è’ da `v~ qvepunqtebi). kerZod, 2000 wels,
winaswari SeTanxmebiT kaki o-vTan erTad, man ganizraxa
aSS-is moqalaqis al. k-is mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba da ga-
Tavisuflebis sanacvlod misi ojaxis wevrebisagan fu-
ladi Tanxebis gamoZalva.
ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis mizniT, icoda ra, rom

al. k-ini mis meuRlesTan da simamrTan erTad imyofe-
boda TbilisSi, g. o-is ojaxSi, sTxova m. f-Zes, al. k-ini
Seexvedrebina misTvis. m. f-Zem 2000 wlis 18 ivniss, Tav-
isi kuTvnili manqaniT miakiTxa al. k-ns da waiyvana sas-
tumro `Seraton metexi palasi~-s avtosadgomze, sadac
maT daxvdaT z. k-vi da k. o-vi, romlebic gadmovidnen av-
tomanqanidan, miesalmnen al. k-ns da m. f-Zes, ris Semdeg
m. f-Zem k-visa da o-vis TxovniT datova isini.
am SemTxvevis Semdeg al. k-ni g. o-is binaSi ar gamoCenila.

rogorc mowmeTa CvenebiT irkveva, ramdenime dReSi al.
k-ni mobiluri telefoniT daukavSirda Tavis meuRles
s. a-vas, romelsac Seatyobina misi gatacebis Sesaxeb,
gaafrTxila, rom ar miemarTa samarTaldamcavi orga-
641
noebisaTvis da sTxova Tanxmoba maTi saerTo sabanko
angariSidan 1 200 000 aSS dolaris gadaricxvaze, ris
Semdeg mas gaaTavisuflebdnen.
amis Semdeg k-ni xSirad urekavda Tavis meuRles da sTx-

ovda aRniSnuli Tanxis gadaricxvas bankidan.
2000 wlis 27 ivniss s. a-ova daukavSirda belgiis samefos

q. briuselis Sesabamis banks da ganacxada Tanxmoba maTi
angariSidan Sps àxlo aRmosavleTis federalur bank-
Si~ Sesabamis nomerze damatebiT sakredito angariSze
1 200 000 aSS dolaris gadaricxvis Taobaze. aRniSnuli
gadaricxva ganxorcielda 2000 wlis 28 ivniss, magram
al. k-ni gamtacebel pirebs ar gauTavisuflebiaT da
misi adgilsamyofeli dRemde ucnobia.
vnaxoT, ramdenad sworadaa dakvalificirebuli Cade-

nili qmedeba mZevlad xelSi Cagdebad?
mowmed dakiTxul m. f-Zis Cvenebidan irkveva, rom k-

ovs al. k-inTan sadavo hqonda 1 200 000 aSS dolari. es
faqti ki arsebiTad cvlis saqmis arss, radgan sadavo
Tanxis amoRebis mizniT adamianis motaceba da Tavisu-
flebis aRkveTa ar unda dakvalificirdes mZevlad
xelSi Cagdebad. miT umetes, misi damamZimebeli nawil-
iT _ angarebiT. mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba gulisxmobs
me-3 pirze zemoqmedebis mizans, raTa igi aiZulon, Sea-
srulos iseTi qmedeba, risi Sesrulebis movaleoba mas
ar akisria. aqedan gamomdinare, mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba
angarebiT saxezea maSin, roca xelSi Cagdebulia piri,
raTa sxva piri aiZulon gadaixados gamosasyidi damna-
SaveTa sasargeblod an roca damnaSavis mizania miiRos
iseTi materialuri gamorCena, rac mas wesiT ar ekuT-
vnis (surs sxvisi qonebis xarjze gamdidrdes).
642
mocemul SemTxvevaSi ki k-visa da o-vis mizani iyo ara
gamosasyidis miReba an sxvisi qonebis xarjze gamdi-
dreba, aramed sadavo Tanxis amoReba, rasac al. k-ni maT
ar aZlevda. amdenad, misi qmedeba Seicavs Tavisuflebis
ukanono aRkveTis niSnebs (143-e muxli).
am TvalsazrisiT unda dakiTxuliyvnen is pirebi, vinc

flobdnen informacias k-visa da k-nis urTierTobis
Sesaxeb (magaliTad, k-vis meuRle, misi simamri, rom-
lebic am SemTxvevis dros q. TbilisSi imyofebodnen da
aqedan gamomdinare, floben saTanado informacias).
rogor unda dakvalificirdes SemTxveva, roca moxele

aqtiurad exmareba qurduli samyaros warmomadgenels,
ra drosac iyenebs Tavis samsaxurebriv mdgomareobas?
am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 17 ivlisis ganaCeni q.
u-lis, z. C-Zis da S. a-lis mimarT (saqme #1/b-2262-07).
sabraldebo daskvnis mixedviT z. C-Zes brali daedo

masSi, rom Caidina qurduli samyaros wevroba, agreTve
moxelis mier samsaxureobrivi uflebamosilebis boro-
tad gamoyeneba sajaro interesebis sawinaaRmdegod,
sxvisTvis upiratesobis misaRebad, ramac sazogadoe-
bis kanonieri interesebis arsebiTi darRveva gamoiwvia,
rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
`z. C-Ze muSaobda saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros

robileSi sareJimo ganyofilebis ufrosi inspeqtoris
Tanamdebobaze da iTvleboda moxeled.
igi daudgenel drosa da viTarebaSi danaSaulebrivad

daukavSirda q. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi, kerZod # 80 sa-
643
kanSi moTavsebul patimar S, a-els, xolo mogvianebiT am
ukanasknelis meuRlis dedas q, u-ls, romelic S. a-eis
sityvieri davalebiT agrovebda fulad Tanxebs qur-
dul samyaroSi Setanis mizniT.
mas Tavisi samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT

hqonda ra sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis q. Tbili-
sis #5 sapyrobileSi moTavsebul patimrebTan Tavisu-
flad Sexvedris saSualeba, igi amave sapyrobilis pati-
mar a-lTan da q. TbilisSi, axalcixis q. #27-Si mcxovreb q.
u-Tan winaswari SeTanxmebiT mis mier qurduli saerTos
saxiT Segrovebul fulad Tanxebs gadascemda S. a-els,
misTvis upiratesobis miRebis da qurduli samyaros
miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
z. C-Zes hqonda ra qurduli samyaros wevrebisaTvis fi-

nansuri daxmarebis gawevis ganzraxva, amasTan borotad
sargeblobda ra Tavisi samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT, 2006 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi sxvadasxva
dros S. a-lis davalebiT q. u-ls arTmevda dawesebule-
baSi moTavsebuli patimrebis ojaxis wevrebisagan qur-
duli saerTos saxiT Segrovebul Tanxebs. kerZod, 2006
wlis 23 oqtombers man q. u-ls gamoarTva sxvadasxva
dros qurduli saerTos saxiT Segrovili Tanxa, saerTo
jamSi 300 laris odenobiT.
aRniSnuli qmedebiT igi sajarod gamoxatavs qurduli

samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mas
aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qurduli samyaros li-
derebTan.
garda amisa, z. C-Zis qmedebam, kerZod, ki qurduli sam-

yaros wevrebisaTvis daxmarebam, rac gamoixata qurdu-
li saerToebis saxiT Segrovebuli Tanxebis maTTvis ga-
644
dacemaSi da xsenebuli qmedebiT maTTvis upiratesobis
miniWebaSi, sazogadoebrivi interesebis arsebiTi dar-
Rveva gamoiwvia. zemoaRniSnulisTvis mas brali daedo
ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT da 332-e muxlis 1-li
nawiliT.~
rogorc saqmis arsidan Cans, z. C-Ze iyo moxele, igi dau-

kavSirda patimar a-els da SeuTanxmda, rom gadascemda
mas u-Svilis mier qurduli saerTosTvis Segrovol
Tanxas. fulis gadacemas advilad moaxerxebda, radgan
rogorc moxeles hqonda patimrebTan Tavisufali Sex-
vedris saSualeba. am mizniT man u-Svils gamoarTva Seg-
rovili Tanxa 300 laris odenobiT.
ramdenad sworia misi qmedebis kvalifikacia qurduli

samyaros wevrobad?
sanam am kiTxvaze pasuxs gavcemdeT, unda davuSvaT, rom

S. a-isa da q. u-Svilis qurduli samyaros wevrobis faq-
ti dadasturebulia da ar iwvevs davas. aseTi daTqmis
SemTxvevaSic ki z. C-Zis qmedeba ar SeiZleba Sefasdes,
rogorc qurduli samyaros wevroba, vinaidan:
1. qurduli samyaros wevrobas ar SeiZleba hqondes

epizoduri saxe, igi iwyeba iqidan, roca qurduli
samyaro aRiarebs am pirs mis wevrad da es piri Sea-
srulebs Tundac erT aqtiur qmedebas am samyaros
miznebisTvis. amis Semdeg ki igi valdebulia am sam-
yaros interesebis Sesabamisad aqtiurad imoqmedos
da amdenad, ar gawyvitos kavSiri am samyarosTan.
2. qurduli samyaros wevrad piris aRiareba ar SeiZle-
ba moaxdinis am samyaros erTma wevrma sxva wevrebTan
SeTanxmebis gareSe. qurdul samyaroSi piris gawevr-
ianeba xdeba am samyaros garkveuli nawilis nebiT da
maTTan SeTanxmebiT.
645
z. C-Zisa da S. a-lis danaSaulebrivi urTierToba
daiwyo sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi da es
urTierToba dakavSirebuli iyo imasTan, rom C-Ze
iyo am dawesebulebis ufrosi inspeqtori. amdenad,
S. a-sTvis C-Ze saWiro kaci iyo manam, sanam igi (S. a-li)
sasjels ixdida am dawesebulebaSi. sasjelis moxdis
Semdeg ki C-Zesa da S. a-els Soris es urTierToba (Se-
grovili fulis gadacema) bunebrivad Sewydeboda.
sxva saxis urTierToba massa da qurdul samyaros
wevrebs Soris saqmis masalebiT ar dadgenila.
amdenad, C-Zes qurduli samyaros am ori wevris (a-

lisa da u-Svilis) sasargeblod unda Seesrulebi-
na mxolod teqnikuri saxis funqcia _ Segrovili
fuli gamoerTmia u-SvilisaTvis da gadaeca patimar
a-lze.
3. saqmis masalebiT araa dadasturebuli masze ward-
genili braldeba, rom 2006 wlis oqtomber-noem-
berSi igi sxvadasxva dros arTmevda u-Svils a-lze
gadasacemad Segrovil fuls. dadasturebulia ase-
Ti mxolod erTi faqti _ 2006 wlis 23 oqtombers
man u-Svils gamoarTva 300 lari, magram sxva dros
Cadenili aseTi SemTxvevebi dadasturebuli romc
yofiliyo, am pirTa kavSiri mainc epizoduri xasi-
aTisaa, radgan es urTierToba orientirebuli iyo
a-elis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi yofnis
periodze.
4. 4) saqmis masalebiT aseve araa dadasturebuli masze
wardgenili braldeba, rom ìgi sajarod gamoxatavs
qurduli samyarosadmi mxardaWeras, yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi mas aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda qur-
duli samyaros liderebTan~. (rogorc vxedavT,
ganaCenSi dafiqsirebulia urTierToba ara `lider-
Tan~, aramed `liderebTan~).
646
aqve ismis kiTxva: ramdenad tipuria, rom sasjelaR-
srulebis dawesebulebis moxele sajarod gamox-
atavdes Tavis mxardaWeras qurduli samyarosadmi?
amiT igi xom amxels sakuTar Tavs? piriqiT, moxele
yovelTvis Seecdeba, sxvebisTvis SeumCneveli darC-
es misi kavSiri qurdul samyarosTan da miuxedavad
amisa, Tuki igi aseTi Tavxedi da windauxedavi iyo,
kerZod raSi gamovlinda es `sajaro mxardaWera~?
fulis Cumad gadacemis faqti veranairad ver Sefas-
deba, rogorc `sajaro mxardaWera~.
maS, ra Sefaseba unda mieces C-Zis mier Cadenil qmede-

bas?
igi iyo ra moxele, marTlac borotad gamoiyena Tavisi

samsaxureobrivi uflebamosileba, radgan am daweseb-
ulebis moxeles ara aqvs ufleba fuli (Tundac igi iyos
kanonieri gziT SeZenili) gamoarTvas patimris naTesavs
da gadasces igi patimars, miT umetes, Tu es aris e.w.
qurduli saerTosTvis Segrovili Tanxa, magram sasa-
marTlom (iseve rogorc gamoZiebam) qmedebis kvali-
fikaciisas Secdoma dauSva, roca es SemTxveva Seafasa
ssk-is 332-e muxliT.
saqme isaa, rom C-Zem Caidina iseTi qmedeba (patimris na-

Tesavs gamoarTva fuli patimarze gadasacemad), rom-
lis Cadenis ufleba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ara marto
mas, aramed arc erT moxeles ara aqvs, Tanac am qmede-
bis Cadenisas gamoiyena Tavisi samsaxureobrivi ufle-
bamosileba (is, rom Tavisuflad SeeZlo patimarTan
kontaqti). qmedebis Sefasebisas am SemTxvevaSi mTavari
araa is, rom mas SeeZlo nebismier dros kontaqti dae-
myarebina a-Tan. aq mTavaria is, rom mas (iseve rogorc
sxva moxeles) ar hqonda kerZo pirisagan aRebuli fu-
647
lis patimarze gadacemis ufleba (aqve isic unda iTqvas,
rom Tu es iqneba kanonierad mopovebuli fuli, mox-
elis mier uflebamosilebis gadameteba unda Sefasdes,
rogorc disciplinuri gadacdoma, radgan ssk-is 333-e
muxli aucileblad gulisxmobs marTlsawinaaRmdego
Sedegs _ fizikuri an iuridiuli piris uflebebis, sa-
zogadoebis an saxelmwifos kanonieri interesis arse-
biT darRvevas).
swored amiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan ssk-is 332-e da

333-e muxlebi. ssk-is 332-e muxlis amsrulebeli wyvets im
sakiTxs da sCadis iseT qmedebas, romlis Cadenis ufle-
bac mas aqvs, magram am qmedebas sCadis sajaro interesis
sawinaaRmdegod (da ara am interesis Sesabamisad); xolo
ssk-is 333-e muxlis amsrulebeli wyvets im sakiTxs da
sCadis qmedebas, romelic: a) Sedis sxva moxelis kompe-
tenciaSi; b) unda gadawyvetiliyo kolegialurad da ara
erTpirovnulad; g) misi Cadena SesaZlebeli iyo kanoniT
dadgenil drosa da pirobebSi; d) misi Cadenis ufleba
ara aqvs arc erT moxeles.
C-Zis qmedeba swored am ukanasknel SemTxvevas Seesabam-

eba. amdenad, man gadaameta Tavis samsaxureobriv ufle-
bamosilebas, roca patimris sidedrs gamoarTva e.w. qur-
duli `saerTosaTvis~ Segrovili Tanxa da gadasca igi
a-ls, ramac saxelmwifos (kerZod, sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebis) kanonieri interesis arsebiTi darRveva
gamoiwvia.
am qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk-is 332-e muxliT swori

iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sasjelaRsrulebis mox-
eles mieniWeba uflebamosileba kanoniT dadgenil
SemTxvevaSi gadasces patimars naTesavisgan motanili
fuli, magram moxele am uflebas gamoiyenebs borotad
648
da kanonis moTxovnis darRveviT gadascems mas fuls
(magaliTad, gadascems qurduli saerTos saxiT Seg-
rovil Tanxas). mocemul SemTxvevaSi aseT viTarebasTan
saqme ar gvaqvs, amitom ssk-is 332-e muxliT kvalifika-
cia Secdomad unda CaiTvalos.
C-Zis qmedebis ssk-is 333-e muxliT kvalifikaciisas Se-

faseba miecema rogorc imas, rom man samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosileba borotad gamoiyena (radgan ssk-is
333-e muxli aris 332-e muxlis kerZo SemTxveva), aseve im-
asac, rom igi daexmara qurdul samyaros (am samyaroze
daxmarebis ufleba ara aqvs arc erT moxeles da ufle-
bamosilebis gadametebac swored amaSi gamoixata).
gamomdinare aqedan, arasworad unda CaiTvalos misi

qmedebis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifikacia.
amdenad, sasamarTlos C-Zis qmedeba unda daekvali-

ficirebina ssk-is 333-e muxliT _ samsaxureobrivi
uflebamosilebis gadameteba. aseTi kvalifikacia sxva
TvalsazrisiTacaa gamarTlebuli. kerZod, am SemTx-
vevaSi araa aucilebeli imis mtkiceba, rom C-Zes gacno-
bierebuli hqonda qurdul samyarosTan misi TanamSrom-
lobis faqti. aq sakmarisia, pirs hqondes gacnobierebu-
li, rom Cadenili qmedeba scildeboda mis kompetencias
da igi iwvevs saxelmwifos kanonieri interesis arsebiT
darRvevas.
aRniSnuli ganaCeni ucvlelad datova Tbilisis saapel-
acio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 29 oqtombris ganaCeniT.
xolo saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom 2008 wlis
20 maisis ganCinebiT ar cno mizanSewonilad am saqmeze
649
Semosuli saCivaris daSveba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa
palatis sxdomaze gansaxilvelad (saqme #2239 ap).
ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli, rom qurduli samyaros wevrad
CaiTvalos piri, romelic patiosani SromiT miRebuli
Semosavlis nawils periodulad, Tundac nebayoflo-
biT gadascems qurduli samyaros romelime wevrs misive
Txovnis safuZvelze?
praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxveva, roca qurduli samyaros

wevrebi satransporto muSakebisgan (magaliTad, sa-
marSruto taqsebis mZRolebisgan) iTxoven yovelTviur
(an yoveldRiur) Tanxas im motiviT, rom igi moxmardes
cixeSi, gaWirvebaSi myofi patimrebisTvis normaluri
pirobebis Seqmnas. es mZRolebic formalurad nebay-
oflobiT, uxdian maT am Tanxas.
amis magaliTad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sa-

samarTlos mier 2006 wlis 15 dekembris ganaCeni, roml-
iTac dadgenilad CaiTvala Semdegi: `r. o-Svili, v. m-ni,
s. s-ni da s. s-ni cnoben da aRiareben qurdul samyaros,
eTanxmebian da axorcieleben maT miznebs, TavianTi
cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxataven maT mxardaWeras.
aRniSnuli gamoixata imaSi, rom muSaoben ra metromSe-
nis dasaxlebaSi moZrav #28-e samarSruto taqsis mZ-
Rolebad, nebayoflobiT, yovelgvari Zaldatanebisa da
iZulebis gareSe, qurduli samyaros miznebis gansaxor-
cieleblad isini sistematurad, yovelTviurad uxdid-
nen qurduli samyaros warmomadgenels, kriminalur av-
toritets – m. a-Zes, metsaxelad `quco~-s, qurdul wils
43 laris odenobiT.~
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, am pirebs bralad Seer-
acxaT qurduli samyaros wevroba (2231-e muxlis 1-eli
nawili.).
650
am pirebTan 2006 wlis 7 dekembers Sedga saproceso
SeTanxmeba q. Tbilisis prokuraturis ganyofilebis
prokurorTan bralze, garigebasa da sasjelis zomaze.
saproceso SeTanxmeba dakmayofilda Tbilisis saqa-
laqo sasamarTlos mier da msjavrdebulebis mimarT
daniSnul sasjelze gamoyenebul iqna pirobiT gamo-
sacdeli vada (5-5 wlis vadiT), damatebiT sasjelad ki
TiToeuls daekisra 5000 laris gadaxda.
wardgenili braldeba sasamarTlom dadasturebulad

cno mowmeTa CvenebebiT, romlebic adasturebdnen, rom
maTTan mivida mravaljer nasamarTlevi m. a-Ze da sTxo-
va, daxmareba gaewia, riTac ki SeiZleboda _ fuliT da
produqtebiT, rac gaigzavneboda cixeSi qurdebTan da
isini daexmarebodnen iq myof gaWirvebul patimrebs. mZ-
Rolebs am Txovnaze uari ar uTqvamT da yovelTviurad
krebdnen 200 lars. Tanxas agrovebda mZRolebis brig-
adiri n. f-Svili (romelic ratomRac araa micemuli pa-
suxisgebaSi sxva mZRolebTan erTad da igi saqmeSi mow-
mis statusiT gadis). n. f-Svili TviTonac debda Tanxas,
TiToeul mZRols TveSi uwevda 43 laris dadeba. zogi-
erTi ki produqtebs yidulobda cixeSi gasagzavnad.
aRniSnul mZRolTa qmedebis qurduli samyaros wevro-

bad kvalifikacia uxeS Secdomad da ssk-is 2231-e muxlis
arsis gauazreblobis Sedegad unda CaiTvalos.
vinaa qurduli samyaros wevri?
kanonis Tanaxmad, qurduli samyaros wevri aris nebis-

mieri piri, romelic aRiarebs qurdul samyaros da aq-
tiurad moqmedebs am samyaros miznebis gansaxorciele-
blad.
651
raSi mdgomareobs qurduli samyaros miznebi?
òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ saqa-

rTvelos kanonis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, am samyaros
mizania daSinebiT, muqariT, iZulebiT, dumilis pirobe-
biT, qurduli garCevis gziT, danaSaulebriv qmedebebSi
arasrulwlovanTa CabmiT, danaSaulis CadeniT an dana-
Saulisken waqezebiT misi wevrebisaTvis an sxva pirebi-
saTvis sargeblis miReba.
aqedan unda gakeTdes daskvna: qurduli samyaros wevri

sargeblis misaRebad moqmedebs swored zemoTmiTiTeb-
uli xerxebiT (daSinebiT da a.S.). am xerxebidan sul mci-
re erT-erTis gamoyenebis gareSe ar arsebobs qurduli
samyaros wevroba. e.i. àqtiurad moqmedebs~-Si unda
gavigoT, rom igi am xerxebis gamoyenebiT moqmedebs.
qurduli samyaros wevrma sargeblis misaRebad SeiZle-

ba Sefaruli daSinebis meTodi gamoiyenos, rogorc es
gaakeTa mravaljer nasamarTlevma m. a-Zem, romelmac
yovelTviuri fuladi Tanxa mosTxova mZRolebs, magram
saamisod aSkara muqara ar gamouyenebia. igi dasjerda
imis Tqmas, rom es Tanxa unda gaugzavnos cixeSi myof
qurdebs, romlebic daexmarebian gaWirvebul patimrebs.
amiT a-Zem mianiSna, rom am `Txovnis~ ukan dgas qurduli
samyaro, romelic àraa SeCveuli~ uariT gastumrebas.
es yvelaferi, rasakvirvelia, gasagebi iyo samarSruto
taqsis mZRolebisTvis da isinic daTanxmdnen, Torem
maT a-Zis `viziti~ marTlac rom Txovnad aReqvaT, ase
organizebulad yovel Tve zustad erTi da igive ode-
nobis (43-43 laris) Segrovebas ar Seudgebodnen.
amdenad, m. a-Zis qmedeba SesaZlebelia dakvalificirdes,
rogorc aqtiuri moqmedeba qurduli samyaros miznebis
gansaxorcieleblad, magram ramdenad SesaZlebelia
taqsis mZRolTa zemoTmoTiTebul qmedebas mieces ase-
Ti kvalifikacia?
652
mocemul SemTxveveSi taqsis mZRolebi arian qurduli
samyaros wevris (a-Zis) mxridan fulis `Seweris~ msxver-
plni, radgan icodnen, rom uaris SemTxvevaSi isini sul
mcire, materialurad ufro metad dazaraldebodnen.
sagulisxmoa, rom sasamarTlom ukritikod miiRo maTi

Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom isini nebayoflobiT, yovel-
gvari daZalebis gareSe agrovebdnen Tanxas qurduli
samyaros wevrze gadasacemad.
aseT viTarebaSi ismis kiTxva: ratom aseve ukritikod ar

miiRo maTi Cveneba, rom es Tanxa grovdeboda gaWirve-
bul patimarTa dasaxmareblad? Tuki es namdvilad ase
iyo, maSin mZRolebis mimarT madlobis meti araferi
iTqmis.
sasamarTlom es mZRolebi cno qurduli samyaros wevre-

bad da yuradReba ar gaamaxvila imaze, rom maT qurdu-
li samyarosTvis sargeblis misaRebad vinmes mimarT ar
gamouyenebiaT Zaladoba, muqara da sxva xerxi. piriqiT,
isini TavianTi patiosani Sromis nawils uxdidnen qur-
duli samyaros wevrs.
zedmetad unda CaiTvalos imis mtkiceba, rom qurduli

samyaros wevrebi am samyarosTvis sargeblis misaRebad
Tavad ar ewevian kanonier Sromas (rogorc amas adgili
hqonda am mZRolebis SemTxvevaSi) da am Sromis nawils
Tavad ar uxdian qurdul samyaros sxva wevrs. piriqiT,
isini cxovroben parazituli cxovrebis wesiT da sx-
vebs aiZuleben gadauxadon maT sargebeli. SeuZlebe-
lia, qurduli samyaros erTi wevri aiZulebdes amave
samyaros sxva wevrs, gadauxados qurdul samyaros e.w.
qurduli wili Tavisi qonebidan, rac am ukanasknels
kanonierad aqvs miRebuli.
653
aRniSnul mZRolebze wardgenil braldebaSi yuradRe-
bas ipyrobs aseTi fraza: `TavianTi cxovrebis wesiT sa-
jarod gamoxataven maT mxardaWeras~.
ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs `sajarod gamoxataven maT mx-

ardaWeras~? riT gamoxates mZRolebma es `sajaro mx-
ardaWera~? iqneb imiT, rom Cumad agrovebdnen maTi
jafiT mopovebuli fulis nawils da aseve Cumad aZlevd-
nen a-Zes? sajarod gamoxatva niSnavs sityviT an saqmiT
raimes gamoxatvas sazogadoebis farTo fenebSi.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 2231-e muxlis ganxilvisas

aucileblad unda SevexoT sakiTxs: rodisaa damTavre-
buli es danaSauli?
aseTi kiTxvis safuZveli aris am muxlis dispozicia

(`qurduli samyaros wevroba~_ (1-eli nawili), `kanon-
ieri qurdoba~_ (me-2 nawili).
rogorc vxedavT, aq qmedebaze araferia naTqvami, dafiq-

sirebulia mxolod kriminaluri statusi.
amis miuxedavad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gansaxilveli

norma sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas awesebs
ara statusisTvis, aramed qmedebisaTvis. aseTi daskvnis
safuZvels iZleva saqarTvelos 2005 wlis 20 dekembris
kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~
(me-3 muxli), sadac ganmartebulia, Tu ras niSnavs qur-
duli samyaros wevroba da kanonieri qurdoba. piri
qurduli samyaros wevrad rom CaiTvalos, man ara mar-
to unda aRiaros es samyaro (rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
es aRiareba unda iyos ormxrivi), aramed aqtiurad unda
moqmedebdes am samyaros miznebis gansaxorcieleblad.
amdenad, gansxvavebiT bandaSi monawileobisagan (224-e
muxlis me-2 nawili), sadac bandaSi monawileobis faq-
654
ti (e.i. masSi gawevrianeba) ukve gvaZlevs am danaSau-
lis damTavrebul Semadgenlobas, aq xazgasmulia, rom
aucilebelia qmedebis Cadena.
ra aris am samyaros mizani?
am kiTxvazec pasuxs iZleva igive kanoni, romlis Tanax-

madac, qurduli samyaros mizania daSinebiT, muqariT,
iZulebiT, dumilis pirobebiT, qurduli garCevis gziT,
danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi arasrulwlovanTa CabmiT,
danaSaulis CadeniT an danaSaulisken waqezebiT misi
wevrebisTvis an sxva pirebisTvis sargeblis miReba.
rogorc vxedavT, aq CamoTvlilia is qmedebebi, rac
SeiZleba Caidinos qurduli samyaros wevrma zemoT mi-
TiTebuli miznis misaRwevad, misi aqtiuri moqmedebac
swored amaSi gamoixateba. am qmedebaTa umetesoba Sei-
cavs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul
calkeul danaSaulTa Semadgenlobas. aseTia: muqara
(151-e muxli); iZuleba (150-e muxli); danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaSi arasrulwlovnis Cabma (igi warmoadgens
romelime danaSaulis an SualobiT amsruleblobas, an
masSi Tanamonawileobas); danaSaulis Cadena (igulisx-
meba romelime konkretuli danaSauli); danaSaulisken
waqezeba (gulisxmobs romelime danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobas, vTqvaT, 25, 177-e muxlebi), qurduli gar-
Cevac, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia danaSaulis Cade-
nasTan, radgan aseT garCevas Tan axlavs muqara, daSineba
an sxva ukanono qmedeba (rogorc wesi da ara yovelTvis,
radgan daSineba ar gvaZlevs ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebuli
romelime danaSaulis Semadgenlobas).
ismis kiTxva: moicavs ki ssk-is 2231-e muxlis Semadgen-

loba nebismier zemoTCamoTvlil qmedebebs, maT Soris
im danaSauls, rac SeiZleba Caidinos qurduli samyaros
wevrma?
655
am kiTxvaze logikuri pasuxi aseTi unda iyos: radgan
es qmedebebi ssk-is 2231-e muxlis Semadgenlobis erT-
erTi aucilebeli niSania, maSin ssl-is 2231-e muxli
STanTqavs maT, rogorc mTeli STanTqavs mis nawils da
kvalifikacia danaSaulTa erTobliobiT saWiro araa.
ase magaliTad, Tu qurduli samyaros wevrma muqariT
aiZula vinme mieca misTvis e.w. qurduli wili, qmedeba
unda dakvalificirdes mxolod ssk-is 2231-e muxliT
da zedmetia ssk-is 181-e an 150-e muxlze miTiTeba. anda
Tuki igi Tavad Caidens, vTqvaT, qurdobas, aseT SemTx-
vevaSic ssk-is 2231-e muxlma unda STanTqas es danaSauli
(danaSaulis Cadenac xom aqtiuri moqmedebis erT-erT
saxedaa miTiTebuli zemoTxsenebul kanonSi). rac Se-
exeba im moqmedebebs, rac ar gvaZlevs calkeul dana-
SaulTa Semadgenlobas (magaliTad, daSineba, dumilis
pirobebis wayeneba), isini udavod Sedian ssk-is 2231-e
muxlis SemadgenlobaSi.
saqme isaa, rom erTia logika, magram sul sxvaa re-

aloba. ssk-is 2231-e muxli praqtikulad ar iZleva imis
SesaZleblobas, rom man STanTqas yvela is qmedebebi,
rasac sCadis qurduli samyaros wevri. amaze aSkarad
miuTiTebs ssk-is 2231-e muxlis 1-li nawilis sanqcia
(isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan rva
wlamde, jarimiT an uamisod). amitom mis mier qurduli
samyaros miznebis Sesabamisad Cadenili moqmedeba (mag-
aliTad, qurdoba binaSi SeRweviT, anda mZevlad xelSi
Cagdeba) unda dakvalificirdes damoukideblad ssk-is
2231-e muxlTan erTad.
amdenad, iqmneba viTareba, roca erTi qmedeba faqto-

brivad orjer fasdeba, radgan: a) qurduli samyaros
wevrobad qmedebis kvalifikaciisTvis aucilebelia, am
samyaros wevrma aqtiurad imoqmedos; Bb) es aqtiuroba ki
moiTxovs damatebiT kvalifikacias danaSaulTa erTo-
bliobiT.
656
ra SeiZleba iyos aqedan gamosavali?
gamosavali ssk 2231 muxlis sworad ganmartebaSia. ker-

Zod, Tuki qurduli samyaros wevris mier Cadenili mo-
qmedebisaTvis (magaliTad, iZulebis CadenisaTvis) Ses-
abamis muxlSi (magaliTad, 150-e muxli) dawesebuli san-
qcia ar aRemateba ssk-is 2231-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
sanqcias, aseT SemTxvevaSi qmedebis kvlifikacia
unda moxdes mxolod ssk-is 2231-e muxliT, radgan igi
STanTqavs am danaSauls, rogorc mTeli _ mis nawils.
braldebaSi unda dafiqsirdes, Tu kerZod raSi gamoix-
ata qurduli samyaros miznebis Sesabamisi moqmedeba
(vTqvaT, igi gamoixata muqaraSi).
rodesac qurduli samyaros wevris mier Cadenili mo-

qmedebisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamis
muxlSi dawesebuli sanqcia ufro mkacria, vidre ssk-is
2231-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqcia, qmedebis kvali-
fikacia unda moxdes danaSaulTa erTobliobiT. magali-
Tad, qurduli samyaros wevrma xelT igdo mZevali, raTa
misi naTesavebisTvis am mZevlis gaTavisuflebis sanacv-
lod fuli moeTxova. vinaidan ssk-is 144-e muxli (miT
umetes misi me-2 nawili) gacilebiT mkacri sanqciiTaa
aRWurvili, vidre ssk-is 2231-e muxlis pirveli nawili,
kvalifikacia unda moxdes danaSaulTa erTobliobiT
_ ssk-is 2231-e muxli da 144-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT.
amdenad, marTalia, òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-

tis Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-3 muxlSi CamoTvlilia aqtiuri
moqmedebis saxeebi da maT Sorisaa `danaSaulebriv qmede-
bebSi arasrulwlovanTa Cabma, danaSaulis Cadena an da-
naSaulisaken waqezeba~, magram aqedan ssk-is 2231-e mux-
lis SemadgenlobaSi igulisxmeba ara yvela danaSauli,
aramed isini, romlisTvisac dawesebuli sanqcia ar aRe-
mateba ssk-is 2231-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqcias.
657
igive unda iTqvas ssk-is 2231-e muxlis me-2 nawilis
(kanonieri qurdoba) mimarTac, oRond im gansxvavebiT,
rom `kanonieri qurdis~ mier Cadenili moqmedebis kval-
ifikaciisas (kerZod, imis gadasawyvetad, saxezea da-
naSaulTa erToblioba Tu mxolod ssk-is 2231-e muxlis
me-2 nawili), unda vixelmZRvaneloT ssk-is 2231-e mux-
lis ara me-2 nawilis, aramed pirveli nawilis sanqciiT.
es imitom , rom e.w. kanonieri qurdic aris qurduli sa-
myaros wevri, romelic garda imisa, rom aRiarebs am sa-
myaros da aqtiurad moqmedebs misi miznebisaTvis, kide-
vac xelmZRvanelobs an organizebas uwevs mas. kanonmde-
belma `kanonier qurds~ ufro mkacri sasjeli swored
am samyaros organizebisa da xelmZRvanelobisTvis (da
ara calkeuli danaSaulis CadenisaTvis) dauwesa. amde-
nad, ssk 223-prima muxlis pirveli nawili aris am dana-
Saulis ZiriTadi Semadgenloba.
rogoria sasamarTlo praqtika am mimarTebiT?
amis gasarkvevad gamogvadgeba Tbilisis saqalaqo sasa-

marTlos mier 2006 wlis 6 noembers gamotanili ganaCeni
m. t-Svilis saqmeze (saqme #1/4414-06), romelsac sabral-
debo daskvniT brali edeboda araerTgzis ZarcvaSi
(178-e muxlis me-2 nawili.), araerTgzis gamoZalvaSi
(181-e muxlis me-2 nawili), muqaraSi (151-e m.uxli),
aseve qurduli samyaros wevrobaSi (2231-e muxlis 1-eli
nawili).
qurduli samyaros wevrobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel aq-

tiur moqmedebad sabraldebo daskvniT miCneul iqna
swored Zarcva, gamoZalva, muqara da TiToeul maT-
gans damatebiTi kvalifikacia mieca ssk-is 2231-e muxl-
Tan erTad. sasamarTlom t-Svilis braldebidan amor-
icxa ssk-is 178-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 181-e muxlis
me-2 nawili da braldebis am nawilebSi igi gaamarTla,
658
radgan procesze gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebiT ver
dadginda maTi Cadena. sabolood, sasamarTlom qmedeba
daakvalificira ssk-is 151-e muxliTa da 2231-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis erTobliobiT. muqara CaiTvala qur-
duli samyaros wevris mier Cadenil aqtiur moqmedebad
am samyaros miznebis Sesabamisad.
aseTi kvalifikaciiT sasamarTlom faqtobrivad orjer

Seafasa muqara _ erTxel ssk-is 151-e muxliT da meo-
red 2231-e muxliT (rogorc am danaSaulis aucilebeli
niSani _ aqtiurobis saxe).
aRniSnuli kvalifikacia ar unda CaiTvalos gamarTle-

bulad. ufro swori iqneboda, sasamarTlos t-Svilis
qmedeba daekvalificirebina ssk-is 2231-e muxlis pirveli
nawiliT, romelic TavisTavSi moicavs muqarasac.
sainteresoa, ramdenad Seesabameba t-Svilis mier Cade-

nili qmedeba muqaris da qurduli samyaros wevrobis
Semadgenlobas?
ganaCenis mixedviT, t-Svilis mier muqaris Cadena

gamoixata ramdenime epizodSi, saidanac pirveli Sem-
degSi mdgomareobs: 2005 wlis 4 ianvars t-Svili mivida
e. g-is kuTvnil maRaziaSi da muqariT uTxra mas, rom
sWirdeboda misi avtomanqana narkotikebis misatanad
`Zveli biWebisaTvis,~ razec g–m uari ganucxada. maSin
t-Svili daemuqra, rom icoda, sadac aCerebda manqanas
da moparavda.
Tu dadasturebulad CavTvliT am faqts, aSkaraa, rom

igi muqaris niSnebs ar Seicavs, radgan muqaris (151-e
muxli) ganxorcielebisTvis gamoyenebuli unda iyos
sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis anda
659
qonebis ganadgurebis muqara. am SemTxvevaSi adgili rom
ar hqonia pirvel an meore maTgans, es aSkaraa. rac Seexeba
qonebis ganadgurebis muqaras, arc esaa saxeze, radgan man-
qanis moparvis muqara ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos qonebis ga-
nadgurebis muqarad. garda amisa, t-Svili g-sagan iTxovda
garkveul qmedebas (manqanis Txovebas), rac araa damaxa-
siaTebeli muqaris SemadgenlobisTvis.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi saxezea iZuleba (150-e m.), kerZod

gulbanis fsiqikuri iZuleba, Seasrulos moqmedeba,
romlis ganxorcieleba mis uflebas warmoadgens. man-
qanis moparvis muqara fsiqikuri iZulebis saxea, xolo
manqanis sxvisTvis Txoveba misi mesakuTris (gulbanis)
uflebaa da ara movaleoba.
muqaris meore epizodi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: 2007 wlis

17 ianvars g-is maRaziaze ganxorcielda yaCaRuri Tav-
dasxma, ris Semdegadac daaxloebiT me-2, me-3 dRes g-ns
daureka t-Svilma da uTxra, rom es cota iyo da amaze
uaresi mouvidoda, Tu ar gamoitanda policiidan t-
Svilis sawinaaRmdego gancxadebas, saxlSi e.w. `limon-
kas~ Seugdebda da aafeTqebda.
Tu am meore faqtsac CavTvliT dadasturebulad, aqac

aSkaraa, rom saxezea ara muqara, aramed iZuleba (150-e
muxli), radgan t-Svili qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT
(rac fsiqikuri iZulebis nairsaxeobaa), aiZulebda gul-
bans Seesrulebina garkveuli moqmedeba (gancxadeba
gamoetana policiidan), romlis ganxorcieleba misi
ufleba iyo.
am epizodTan dakavSirebiT aseTi kiTxvac Cndeba: Tu

dadasturebulad CaiTvala is faqti, rom g-is maRazi-
aze yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis Semdeg t-Svilma mas daureka
660
da faqtobrivad aRiara, rom es Tavdasxma misi mowyobi-
li iyo, maSin ratom ar daisva sakiTxi yaCaRobaSi Tana-
monawileobisTvis misi pasuxisgebaSi micemis Sesaxeb?
muqaris mesame epizodi: saqmis masalebiT dadgenilad
CaiTvala Semdegi: t-Svili emuqreboda g-s, rom male
gaxdeboda kanonieri qurdi da Tu yovelTve ar gadaux-
dida 100 aSS dollars da aseve ar aTxovebda manqanas
roca dasWirdeboda, igi moparavda manqanas, daumtvrev-
da maRazias da ar gaaxarebda.
es epizodi Seicavs ara muqaris (151-e muxli), aramed
gamoZalvis (181-e muxli) niSnebs, radgan saxezea sxvisi
nivTis (fulis), aseve qonebrivi sargeblobis moTxovna
(aTxovos manqana, roca dasWirdeba), rasac Tan erTvis
dazaralebulis nivTis ganadgurebis (maRaziis damt-
vrevis) muqara.
rogorc vxedavT, am saqmeSi arasworadaa Sefasebuli t-

Svilis mier Cadenili qmedebebi.
sabolood unda iTqvas Semdegi: sadavo araa, rom

qurduli samyaros winaaRmdeg sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi brZola saSuri saqmea. amasTan Zalze Znelia am
kategoriis saqmeebze mtkicebulebis mopoveba. ar
unda dagvaviwydes, rom marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cieleba rTuli da ekliani saqmea, swored amitomaa
igi sapatio. misasalmebelia, rom Cvenma samarTal-
damcavma organoebma SeZles warmatebuli brZolis
warmoeba da metad rTuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmee-
bis gamoZieba da braldebulTaTvis sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba.
661
revaz gogSeliZe
samarTlis doqtori
& 5. qurduli samyaros wevroba, kanonieri qurdoba _

sisxlis saproceso samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi
saqarTvelos kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da

reketis Sesaxeb,~ romelic miRebul iqna saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier 2005 wlis 20 dekembers, organize-
buli danaSaulis erT-erT saxed miiCnevs qurduli sa-
myaros wevrobas, kanonier qurdobas. Sesabamisad, saqa-
rTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 2231-e muxli das-
jadad acxadebs – qurduli samyaros wevrobas, kanonier
qurdobas.
aRniSnul danaSaulze sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis gac-

nobam im daskvnamde migviyvana, rom ZiriTadad gamoZieba
iwyeba òperatiuli informaciis safuZvelze. gamomZie-
blisTvis aseTi operatiuli informaciis mimwodeblad
ufro xSirad gvevlinebian saqarTvelos Sinagan saqme-
Ta saministros specialuri operatiuli departamen-
tis TanamSromlebi, romlebic moRvaweoben `kanonieri
qurdebisa da kriminaluri avtoritetebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis samsaxurSi.~
aq gasakviri araferia da arc winaaRmdegobaSi movdivarT

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
263-e muxlTan (Zveli redaqcia). romelic ayalibebs im
pirTa nusxas, romelTac ufleba aqvT, gamoZiebis orga-
noebs miawodon `cnobebi danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb.~
gamoziebis organo ki valdebulia, frTxilad da auCqa-
reblad gaanalizs òperatiuli informacia,~ gaiTval-
iswinos, rom am informaciis ukan dganan is pirovnebebi,
romlebic samsaxureobrivad valdebulni arian Sekri-
662
bon monacemebi qurduli samyaros wevrebze. Aamdenad,
maT SeiZleba hqondeT garkveuli daintereseba, rom maT
mier miwodebuli informacia konkretul pirovnebaze
aRmoCndes realuri.
gamomZiebeli ki miwodebuli òperatiuli informaci-

is~ sisworisa da saimedoobis dadgenas axdebs saga-
moZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis gziT, raTa am gziT
mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis SemowmebiT da SefasebiT
mivides im daskvnamde, rom miwodebuli operatiuli in-
formacia, Seicavs danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebs.
amisTvis saWiroa, mowmis saxiT daikiTxos informaciis
momwodebeli. informaciis mimwodebel pirTa dakiTx-
visas gamomZiebelma (prokurorma) unda daadginos is
wyaro, saidanac maT moipoves informacia, ramdenadac,
rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 111-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis d) qvepunqti SeniSnavs: `piri,
romelsac ar SeuZlia miuTiTos ra wyarodan, sad, ro-
dis da rogor gamovlinda mis mier warmodgenili mo-
nacemebi~ miiCneva dauSvebel mtkicebulebad.
interess iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis saqme №10060167 g. g-

Zis mimarT, kanonieri qurdobis braldebiT.
q. Tbilisis prokuraturis Ss organoebSi, gamoZiebis

saproceso xelmZRvanelobis ganyofilebis prokuror-
is mier aRiZra Suamdgomloba q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasa-
marTlos winaSe, brZanebis gacemis Taobaze, raTa ganx-
orcielebuliyo g. g-Zis mimarT satelefono saubrebis
faruli miyuradeba-Cawera.
mosamarTlem daakmayofila prokuroris Suamdgomloba

da mas safuZvlad daudo prokuroris SuamdgomlobaSi
asaxuli informacia, rom: „yofili kanonieri qurdi g.
663
g-Ze eweva moqalaqeTa piradi qonebis Zarcva-yaCaRobas,
reketiorobas da agrZelebs axalgazrdebSi qurduli
tradiciebis danergvas, aris narkotikuli nivTierebe-
bis momxmarebeli da warsulSi nasamarTlevia.~
saqme isaa, rom mosamarTlis brZanebidan an Cans, uSual-

od saqmeSi arsebuli romeli mtkicebulebebis gamokv-
leva-Seswavlis safuZvelze daaskvna man xsenebuli in-
formaciis sarwmunoeba. SeiZleba iTqvas, mosamarTle
miendo prokuroris SuamdgomlobaSi moyvanil infor-
macias da ise gasca brZaneba, rac gaumarTleblad unda
CaiTvalos, radgan, Tuki piri marTlac eweva moqalaqe-
Ta piradi qonebis Zarcva-yaCaRobas, reketiorobas da
a.S. amis Sesaxeb faqtobrivi monacemebi saqmeSi xom unda
arsebobdes. amdenad, prokuroris Suamdgomloba dasa-
bauTebuli unda iyos.
aseTia zodagi wesi Sumdgomlobis wardgenisa (sssk-is

231-e muxlis _ Zv. kodeqsi) da ganxilvisa (sssk-is 140-e
muxli _ aseve Zv. kodeqsi).
aseve kiTxvis niSnebs badebs q. Tbilisis prokuraturis

Ss organoebSi gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobis
ganyofilebis prokuroris mier Sedgenili sabraldebo
daskvna, sadac aRniSnulia, rom: „braldebulis mimarT
Seracxuli danaSaulis mis mier Cadena gamoixateba Sem-
degSi: g. g-Ze cnobs da aRiarebs ra qurdul samyaros,
Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxatavs mis mx-
ardaWeras, igi dRemde cxovrobs qurduli samyaros
specialuri wesebis Sesabamisad, aqtiuri urTierToba
da kavSiri aqvs qurduli samyaros wevrebTan, kerZod d.
w-Tan, amJamad ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romleb-
sac xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi. maTgan Re-
bulobs sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan
664
da ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, ri-
Tac axdens danaSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSavebas.~
Semdgom ki ganagrZobs: „g. g-Ze qurduli samyaros sxva

wevrebTan erTad Tavisi aqtiuri moqmedebebiT xels
uwyobs qurdul samyaros. daudgenel wevrebTan er-
Tad sargeblis miRebis mizniT, monawileobs qurdul
garCevebSi da cdilobs qurduli samyaros specialuri
wesebis ganxorcielebas~ (sisx. sam. saq. gv. 307-309).
sabraldebo daskvnis es mcireodeni monakveTi, romelic

Cven moviyvaneT, marTlac warmoSobs kiTxvebs, kerZod:
a) raSi gamoixateba g. g-Zis mxridan „qurduli samyaros
cnoba da aRiareba,~ mxolod da mxolod misi aRiarebiT,
Tu sxva romelime qmedebiT? b) romeli mtkicebulebiT
amyarebs prokurori Tavis pozicias, rodesac acxadebs
rom: „g. g-Ze Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sajarod gamoxat-
avs mis mxardaWeras.~
aseve dausabuTebelia sabraldebo daskvnis is monakve-

Ti, sadac weria, rom „g. g-Zes aqtiuri urTierToba aqvs
amJamad ZebnaSi myof b. w-Tan da sxvebTan, romlebsac
xels uwyobs qurduli samyaros marTvaSi, maTgan Rebu-
lobs sxvadasxva danaSaulis Cadenis organizebasTan da
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebul davalebebs, razec
axdens danaSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSavebas.~
Tu g. g-Zes aqtiuri urTierToba hqonda „amJamad ZebnaSi

myof b. w-Tan~, maSin rogor moxda is, rom samarTaldam-
cav organoebs am Zebnilis adgilsamyofeli ver daud-
geniaT? arada dRes arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi
amis SesaZleblobas martivad iZleva.
garda amisa, saqmis masalebiT araa gamyarebuli bral-
665
debis is monakveTi, sadac saubaria aqtiur urTierTo-
baze „sxvebTan~, e.i. gamoZiebiT daudgenel pirebTan,
romelTa vinaoba aravin uwyis. damajereblobas mok-
lebulia msjeloba „maTTan~ aqtiur urTierTobaze da
„qurduli samyaros marTvaSi xelSewyobaze.~ aseve „maT-
gan~ e.i. daudgeneli pirebisgan, „danaSaulis Cadenis
organizebasTan dakavSirebiT davalebis miRebis Taoba-
ze.~ iseve rogorc gaugebaria, rogor daadgina da ra ma-
salebze dayrdnobiT gaakeTa prokurorma daskvna, rom
zemoT xsenebul pirebTan (d. w., b. w.) da „sxvebTan~ aqti-
uri moqmedebebiT axdebda g. g-Ze danaSaulebrivi geg-
mebis SemuSavebas. ismis kiTxva: raSi gamoixateboda „da-
naSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSaveba~ (es „danaSaulebrivi
gegmebi ra saxiT moipova gamoZiebam _ dokumenturi
masaliT, sqemiT Tu naxazebiT?) da kerZod, romeli da-
naSaulebrivi gegmebis SemuSavebas hqonda adgili?
aseve saqmis masalebiT utyuarad araa dadasturebuli

is, rom g. g-Ze qurduli samyaros sxva wevrebTan erTad
Tavisi aqtiuri moqmedebebiT xels uwyobs qurduli
samyaros miznebis ganxorcielebas, qurduli samyaros
daudgenel wevrebTan erTad sargeblis miRebis mizniT,
monawileobs qurdul garCevebSi da cdilobs qurduli
samyaros specialuri wesebis gavrcelebas, radgan Tu
pirebi „daudgenelia,~ ris safuZvelze gaakeTa proku-
rorma daskvna, rom es daudgeneli pirebi qurduli sam-
yaros wevrebi arian?
aseve sainteresoa, TviTon sasamarTlo procesis mim-

dinareoba. sasamarTlo procesze mowmis saxiT daikiTxa
me-5 sapyrobiles erT-erTi morige-TanaSemwe g-Svili,
romelic kiTxvaze: „misTvis cnobili iyo Tu ara, rom
g. g-Ze iyo kanonieri qurdi?~ igi pasuxobs: „diax, aseTi
informaciis codna Cems samsaxuroebriv movaleobaSi
666
Sedis. es informacia CvenTan operatiuli informaciis
safuZvelze modis.~
Tu saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-

mdeblobas (muxli 110-e _ Zv. kodeqsi) davesesxebiT,
mtkicebulebaTa wyarod ar moixsenieba „operatiuli
informacia.~ mocemul SemTxvevaSi kompetentur Tana-
mdebobis pirebs (gamomZiebeli, prokurori) „operati-
uli informaciis~ safuZvelze unda daewyoT gamoZieba
da calkeuli saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis
gziT SeemowmebinaT, sinamdviles Seesabameboda Tu ara
miwodebuli informacia.
vfiqrobT, saqmes mtkicebulebis TvalsazrisiT bevri

araferi SesZina mowmis saxiT me-5 sapyrobilis morige-
TanaSemwis dakiTxvam, radgan aseTi dakiTxviT miRebul
iqna zogadi saxis informacia.
yuradRebas ipyrobs prokuroris SekiTxvebi sasamarT-

lo procesze dazaralebulisa da mowmeebis mimarT,
adastureben Tu ara „winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze
micemul Cvenebebs~ da Tanaxmani arian Tu ara „gamo-
qveyndes maT mier winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze mice-
muli Cveneba?~ ramdenad kanonieria aseTi SekiTxvebis
dasma?
upirveles yovlisa, unda iTqvas, rom sasamarTloSi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva imitom ki ar xdeba,
rom dadasturebul iqnes procesis monawileebis mxri-
dan winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze micemuli Cvenebebi da
amis safuZvelze miiRos gadawyvetileba mosamarTlem
gansasjelis braleulobisa Tu arabraleulobis Sesax-
eb. aramed, mosamarTlem (sasamarTlom) kanonmdeblobis
imperatiuli moTxovnis safuZvelze mtkicebulebebi
667
unda Seiswavlos, gamoikvlios da Seamowmos uSualo
pirvelwyaroebTan mimarTebaSi, e.i. procesis yvela
monawilisgan unda miiRos Cveneba momxdari faqtisa da
masTan dakavSirebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesax-
eb, mxolod aseTi midgomiTaa SesaZlebeli uzrunvely-
ofil iqnes sisxlis samarTlis procesis iseTi princi-
pebis realizeba, rogoricaa: uSualoba, zepiroba, Seji-
brebiToba, saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi, obieqturi
da sruli gamokvleva sasamarTlosa da mxareebis aqti-
uri monawilobiT.
meore mxriv unda iTqvas, rom vidre sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsSi arsebobs 3711–e muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs
ss-is pasuxismgeblobas mowmis an dazaralebulis mier
arsebiTad urTierTsawinaaRmdego CvenebisTvis, ssk-is
481-e muxlis 1-li nawili (Zv. kodeqsi) nawilobriv kar-
gavs Tavis daniSnulebas, ramdenadac mowmis, dazarale-
bulis ufleba, maTive TanxmobiT moxdes maTi Cvenebebis
gamoqveyneba, ramdenadme formalur xasiaTs iZens. es
muxli (481-e) ufro gamoyenebadi xdeba braldebis mx-
arisTvis, vidre dacvis mxarisTvis.
kerZod, Tu mowme an dazaralebuli Seecada Cvenebis

Secvlas an Tundac Sesworebas, prokurori dausvams
SekiTxvas: „adasturebs Tu ara igi winaswari gamoZie-
bis stadiaze micemul Cvenebebs?~. am dros mowmisTvis
advilad gasagebi xdeba, Tu ras niSnavs prokuroris
es miniSneba. kerZod es imas niSnavs, rom Tu ar daadas-
turebs winaswar gamoZiebaSi micemul Cvenebas, dadgeba
misi sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi
ssk-is 3711-e muxliT.
aseT viTarebaSi ki, arapirdapiri gziT ilaxeba sasa-

marTlos damoukidebloba, radgan swored mosamarTle
668
(da ara sxva saxelmwifo moxele) afrTxilebs mowmes da
dazaralebuls imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu cru Cvenebas mis-
cemen, daekisrebaT sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
bloba.
Tuki mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis dros, romelic mx-

areTa SejibrebiTobis sawyisze mimdinareobs, mosamar-
Tle gamokvleuli mtkicebulebebis Sefasebis safuZ-
velze miva im daskvnamde, rom mowmis an dazaralebulis
Cveneba crua, maSin igi ganaCenis gamotanisTanave aseve
gamoitans ganCinebas mowmis an dazaralebulis mxridan
cru Cvenebis micemis faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZiebis
dawyebis Sesaxeb.
vidre yvela mtkicebuleba ar Seuswavlia da ar gamoukv-
levia, mosamarTles (sasamarTlos), ar SeuZlia gadaw-
yvitos mowmis (dazaralebulis) sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi.
amdenad, sasamarTlo procesze mowmis an dazaralebu-

lis mier micemuli Cveneba sworia Tu crua, unda dai-
wyos Tu ara ss-is devna mis mimarT, es sakiTxi mosamarT-
lis Sesafasebelia da ara prokuroris.
prokurors ara aqvs ufleba, Seaxsenos mowmes an

dazaralebuls winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze micemu-
li Cveneba. aseve ara aqvs ufleba moaqcios igi winaswari
gamoZiebis CarCoebSi.
amdenad, ssk-is 3711-e muxli (arsebiTad urTierTsawi-

naaRmdego Cveneba...) konkurenciaSia ssk-is 370-e muxl-
Tan (cru Cvenebis micema).
sasamarTlo praqtikis gacnobisas TvalSi sacemia is

garemoeba, rom ganaCenis aRwerilobiT-samotivacio
669
nawilSi igive lafsusebia ganmeorebuli, rac gvxvdeba
sabraldebi daskvnaSi.
magaliTad: Cvens mier ganxilul sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi ar aris utyuari mtkicebuleba, riTac dadas-
turdeboda g. g-Zis mxridan ssk-is 2231-e muxliT gaT-
valiswinebuli danaSaulis Cadena. kerZod, sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmeze dakiTxuli is mowmeebi, romlebic g. g-
Zis qurdul samyarosTan kavSiris Sesaxeb saubroben sx-
vadasxva pirebisgan miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze,
xSirad im pirovnebebsac ver asaxeleben, visganac miiRes
informacia.
ase magaliTad, sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros mowmis

saxiT dakiTxul iqna mTawmindis raionis policiis yo-
fili TanamSromeli, ubnis inspeqtori, romelic uCven-
ebs, rom: „piradad g-Zes ar icnobs. ubnis mosaxleobis-
gan icoda, rom g. g-Ze awuxebda maT (mosaxleobas), iyo
narkotikebis momxmarebeli~ da prokuroris SekiTxvaze
igi pasuxobs, rom: „man mezoblebi gamokiTxa da maTgan
miiRo informacia, rom g-Ze iyo narkomani, akiTxavdnen
saeWvo pirebi da saqmis garCeva midioda ezoSi.~
magram sainteresoa is, rom es „mezoblebisgan miRebu-

li informacia~ man mogvianebiT, Cvenebis saxiT miawo-
da gamomZiebels, sasamarTlos da rodesac damcveli
ekiTxeba mezoblebis vinaobas, igi informaciis mimcem
wyaroebs (mezoblebs) ver asaxelebs.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze, me-5 sapyrobilis erT-erTi

morige-TanaSemwe mowmis saxiT dakiTxvisas, prokuro-
ris SekiTxvaze Semdeg rigad pasuxobs, rom: g.g-Ze 1995-
1996 ww. ijda 49-e sakanSi da iqceoda ise, rogorc yvela
kanonieri qurdi.
670
saqme isaa, rom aravis gadaumowmebia, marTlac ijda Tu
ara igi xsenebul kameraSi da miTumetes rogor iqceo-
da. SekiTxvaze, iyo Tu ara cnobili, rom g-Ze „kanonieri
qurdi~ iyo, mowme dadebiTad pasuxobs. es informacia
mas miRebuli hqonda operatiuli informaciis safuZ-
velze. magram aseve sakiTxavia, marTlac arsebobs ki
aseTi operatiuli informacia (Tumca meore sakiTxia,
ramdenad CaiTvleba operatiuli informacia mtkiceb-
ulebad)?
damcvelis SekiTxvaze: „g. g-Ze qurduli tradiciebis

matarebelia? mowme pasuxobs, rom mas es ar SeumCnevia,
tradiciebis gamomJRavnebis saSualeba arc aqvs.~ (sasa-
marTlo sxdomis oqmi, gv. 333-334).
t. f-ias sisxlis samarTlis saqme nomeri _ 090060185
t. f-ias braldebulis saxiT dakiTxvis oqmSi sayur-

adRebo momentebi SeiniSneba. kerZod, gamomZiebeli
braldebulis dakiTxvis oqmis Sesaval nawilSi uTiTebs,
rom dakiTxavs t. f-ias, magram Semdgom grafaSi, sadac
miTiTebulia, rom dakiTxvis dawyebamde braldebuls
ganemarta mis mimarT wardgenili braldebis arsi da
ufleba-movaleobebi, braldebulis saxiT miTiTebu-
lia t. o-ani. aseve t. o-ania miTiTebuli im grafaSi, ro-
melic exeba braldebulis mxridan xelmoweras, rom mas
ganemarta ufleba-movaleobebi da Caibara Sesabamisi
werilobiTi nusxa.
samwuxaroa is garemoeba, rom amgvari saxis saproceso

dokumentze xeli aqvs mowerili ara mxolod gamomZieb-
els, aramed prokurorsa da t. f-s interesebis damcve-
li advokatsac.
671
advokatis pozicia SeiZleba imiT gamarTldes, rom mas
SeeZlo sasamarTlo procesze amgvari saxis saproceso
dokumentis arseboba gamoeyenebina dacviTi funqciis
ganxorcielebisas (Tumca samwuxarod, es SesaZlebloba
damcvels procesze ar gamouyenebia). prokurors ki,
amasTan dakavSirebiT ufro meti pasuxismgebloba ekis-
reba.
amave ss-is saqmeSi gamomZiebeli mowmis dakiTxvis oqmis

Sesaval nawilSi miuTiTebs, rom mowmis saxiT dakiTxavs
b. n-Zes, magram Semdgom grafaSi, sadac saubaria mow-
mis gafrTxilebis, misi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb,
uTiTebs mowme _ p. d-Svils. marTalia, mowmis dakiTxvis
oqmis boloSi miTiTebulia b. n-Zis gvari, magram sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeSi, amgvari saxis saproceso doku-
mentebis arseboba gaumarTlebelia, radgan igi aucile-
blad gaxdeba davis sagani. iuridiulad gaurkvevlia,
vin dakiTxa saboloo jamSi gamomZiebelma _ b. n-Ze Tu p.
d-Svili (aseve sadao gaxdeba, vis waredgina braldeba _
t. f-ias, Tu t. o-ans?).
rac Seexeba t. f-ias mimarT wardgenil braldebas,

saqarTvelos ssk-is 378-e muxlis (patimrobis an Tav-
isuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebisTvis xelis SeSla an
am saqmianobis dezorganizacia) 1-el da me-2 nawiliT,
igi utyuarad araa dadasturebuli saqmeSi arsebuli
pirdapiri mtkicebulebebiT.
kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebobs satele-

fono saubrebis Canawerebi t. f-iasa da sasjel-aR-
srulebiT dawesebulebaSi myof pirebs Soris, magram
maTi saubridan ar ikveTeba, rom t. f-ia aris organiza-
tori im buntisa, romelic moxda 2006 wlis martis TveSi
saqarTvelos sasjel-aRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi.
672
satelefono saubridan Cans, rom t. f-ia, ufro swored
vinme „tarieli~ patimrebs mimarTavs, rom: „xmauri atex-
on, miskebi urtyan erTmaneTs da hqondeT „mmirni~ (mS-
vidobiani) moTxovnebi, rom miiqcion xalxis yuradReba,
gaagebinon maT Tavisi moTxovnebi, rom arafris dideb-
iT ar moxdes administraciaze Seteva.~
aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo gamoZiebaze ar dakiTxu-

lan, zemoTxsenebul satelefono saubrebSi monawile
pirebi, im faqtorbivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romelic
saintereso unda yofiliyo sasamarTlosTvis.
amasTan dakavSirebiT dacvis mxarem da gansasjel-

ma daayenes Suamdgomloba satelefono saubrebSi
monawile patimrebis sasamarTloze dakiTxvis Sesaxeb,
(maTac xom abralebda gamoZieba e.w. buntis organize-
bas), magram igi ar iqna dakmayofilebuli, riTac dair-
Rva saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsis umniSvnelovanesi principi _ saqmis garemoebaTa
yovelmxrivi, obieqturi da sruli gamokvleva (muxli
18-e), romelic gulisxmobs imas, rom: gamomZiebelma,
prokurorma, mosamarTlem, sasamarTlom utyuarad
unda daadginon, moxda Tu ara danaSauli, vin Caidina
igi da gaarkvion mtkicebis sagnis yvela sxva garemoeba
sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. erTnairi
gulmodginebiT gaarkvion braldebulis (gansasjelis),
rogorc mamxilebeli, ise gamamarTlebeli, agreTve
maTi pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli da Semamsubuqe-
beli garemoebani.
saqarTvelos kanoniT „organizebuli danaSaulis da

reketis Sesaxeb~ me-3 muxlis meoTxe punqtis Tanaxmad,
kanonieri qurdi aris qurduli samyaros wevri, ro-
melic qurduli samyaros specialuri wesebis Sesabam-
673
isad nebismieri formiT marTavs anda organizebas uwevs
qurdul samyaros an pirTa garkveul jgufs.
braldebulis dakiTxvis oqmis gacnobiT gaurkvevelia,

Tu vis waredgina braldeba _ t. f-ias Tu t. o-ans, saqme-
Si aris sxva saxis darRvevac. kerZod, oqmis gacnobiT
SeuZlebelia dadgindes, Tu rodis, romel Tvesa da
ricxvSi, warudgina gamomZiebelma prokurorTan erTad
braldeba t. f-ias.
rac Seexeba fonoskopiuri eqspertizis daskvnas, roml-

iTac gamyarebulia t. f-ias mimarT wardgenili bralde-
ba, eqspertiza ar amtkicebs, rom es xmebi ekuTvnis t. f-
ias. meorec, 2006 wlis 10 noembris sasamarTlo sxdomaze
dacvis SuamdgomlobiT gamocxaddnen fonoskopiuri
eqspertizis Camtarebeli da daskvnaze xelismomweri
mowveuli eqsperti m. t-Svili da eqsperti u. x-Svili.
sasamarTlom ar daicva sssk-is 460-e muxlis moTxovna,

kerZod ki, mowmis saxiT gamoZaxebuli eqsperti m. t-Svi-
li dakiTxa meore eqspertis u. x-Svilis TandaswrebiT,
romelic aseve gamoZaxebuli iyo sasamarTlo sxdomaze
mowmis statusiT. sasamarTlom ar gasca gankarguleba
eqspert x-Svilis darbazidan misTvis gankuTvnil oTax-
Si gayvanis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc eqsperti da am SemTxvevaSi
mowme, Tavidan bolomde daeswro specialit-eqspertis
dakiTxvas. ris Semdegac, dacvis mxridan mowmis saxiT x-
Svilis dakiTxvas azri daekarga. mocemul SemTxvevaSi
fonoskopiuri eqspertizis daskvna sasamarTlos dauS-
vebel mtkicebulebad unda ecno.
vfiqrobT, samomavlod azrs moklebuli ar iqneba dadg-

es sakiTxi, xom ar ibRaleba kerZo iuridiul pirTa av-
toriteti, rodesac fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis daweseb-
674
ulebidan (mag. „magTis~ ofisidan) xdeba, maTi nebarTvis
gareSe „saubrebis~ mosmena da fonogramis damzadeba?
iqneb dakanondes fonogramis Sinaarsisa da sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeSi arsebuli „saubris~ (e.w. „krebsebi~)
sisworis savaldebulo notarialuri dadastureba?
m. t-Svilis _ sisxlis samarTlis saqme nomeri _

01060088
am saqmis SeswavliT naTeli xdeba, rom xSirad sasamarT-

loebi sworad afaseben saqmis masalebs da braldebidan
amoricxaven im monakveTs, rac utyuarad araa dadas-
turebuli.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba m. t-Svilis saqme.

m. t-Svils wardgenili hqonda braldeba ssk-is 178-e
muxlis 2-e nawilis „b~ da „g~ qvepunqtebiT, 181-e muxlis
2-e nawilis „b~ qvepunqtiT, 151-e muxliT da 2231-e mux-
lis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis
CadenaSi.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gacnobam migviyvana im

daskvnamde, rom sasamarTlom mxareTa mier wardgenili
mtkicebulebebis uSualo gamokvlevisa da Sesawavlis
safuZvelze, mtkicebulebaTa ar arsebobis gamo swo-
rad mouxsna m. t-Svils braldeba iseTi danaSaulebis
CadenaSi, rogoricaa Zarcva, gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is
178-e muxlis „b~ da „g~ qvepunqtebiT (Zv. redaqciiT) da
gamoZalva, gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 181-e muxlis 2-e „b~
qvepunqtiT, rac udaod misasalmebelia.
amasTanave, sainteresoa, ramdenad sworad cnes m. t-

Svili damnaSaved ssk-is 2231-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT
(qurduli samyaros wevroba) gaTvaliswinebul marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi.
675
modiT, gadavxedoT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi arsebul
mtkicebulebebs.
erT-erT aseT mtkicebulebad gvevlineba dazaralebul

e. g-anis mier, winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze micemuli
Cveneba, romelic Semdeg gamoqveynebuli iqna sasamarT-
lo gamoZiebis dros, ramdenadac e. g-ani ar gamocxadda
sasamarTlo sxdomaze sazRvargareT yofnis gamo.
CvenebaSi e. g-ani ambobs, rom: „2006 wlis 4 ianvars mis

kuTvnil maRaziaSi mivida mezoblad mcxovrebi m. t-
Svili, romelmac muqariT uTxra mas, rom sWirdeboda
misi avtomanqana narkotikebis misatanad e.w. `Zveli bi-
WebisTvis~, razec man uari ganacxada. aRniSnulze ki m.
t-Svili daemuqra da uTxra, rom icoda, sadac aCerebda
avtomanqanas da mainc waiyvanda _ moparavda.
2006 wlis 17 ianvars mis maRaziaze ganxorcielda yaCaR-

uri Tavdasxma, ris Sedegadac daaxloebiT meore, mesame
dRes daureka m. t-Svilma da uTxra, rom es cota iyo da
imaze uaresi mouvidoda. moiTxovda misgan, policiidan
gancxadeba gamoetana, Torem saxlSi limonkas Seugdeba
da aafeTqebda. igi aseve emuqreboda, rom male gaxde-
boda „kanonieri qurdi~ da Tu yovelTve ar gadauxdida
100 aSS dolars, aseve ar aTxovebda manqanas, roca mas
dasWirdeboda, igi daumtvrevda maRazias, manqanas da
„qurduli samyaros wevrobis~ braldebis gamyareba
dazaralebulis mier aRniSnuli CvenebiT bevr kiTxvas
badebs.
jer erTi, qurduli samyaros wevrad gaxdomis msurveli

pirovneba met-naklebad icnobs qurdul tradiciebs,
misdami wayenebul moTxovnebs da aseTi pirovneba ar
gaumxels moqalaqes Tavis danaSaulebriv ganzraxvas,
676
rom „avtomanqaniT Zveli biWebisTvis narkotikebi unda
miitanos~ imitom, rom aseTi qmedebiT, faqtobrivad
danaSaulSi amxels sakuTar Tavsac da e.w. „Zvel biWeb-
sac~. (isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es faqti ar xdeba
im dros, roca saqarTveloSi kriminalebi Tavisuflad
parpaSebdnen da arafers eridebodnen. piriqiT, es xdeba
im dros, roca qurdul samyaros mimarT seriozuli br-
Zola iyo gamocxadebuli).
meorec, mxolod piris survili, gaxdes „kanonieri qur-

di~ ar aris sakmarisi, imisTvis, rom pirovneba Seracxu-
liyo „qurduli samyaros wevrad.~
Tu sasamarTlom dazaralebul e. g-anis Cveneba miiRo

sarwmunod, maSin swored am Cvenebis Sinaarsidan gamom-
dinare, Znelia gakeTdes daskvna, rom m. t-Svili aris
„qurduli samyaros wevri.~ „qurduli samyaros wevrebi~
ar abareben angariSs gareSe pirebs, ra qmedebis Cadenas
apireben.
garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva garemoebac. ker-

Zod, araa gamoricxuli, m. t-Svili „qurduli samyaros
wevrobas~ miiCnevdes avtoritetulad, ibralebdes mis
wevrobas. amitom misi gancxadeba TavisTavad utyuarad
arafers ar adasturebs, Tumca eWvis safuZveli namd-
vilad aris.
rac Seexeba mowmis saxiT dakiTxul e. g-anis dis a. g-anis

Cvenebas, igi nawilobriv emTxveva misi dis _ e. g-anis
naambobs. ase magaliTad, igi acxadebs: „mTelma gldanma
icis, rom kanonieri qurdoba undoda da maTTan tri-
alebda, „Zveli biWia da korpusis mayurebelia... „qur-
dobis mere magisma megobrebma Camoxsnes Jaluzebi, mere
677
erTs uTqvia Cems dasTan maRaziaSi, gvari saxeli ar vici,
rom xuTive viyaviT binaSio;~
esaa mowmis mier micemuli Cveneba, romelic moklebu-

lia faqtobriv masalebs. mowmem micemuli Cveneba sar-
wmuno rom gaxados, saubrobs, rom: „qurdobis faqtSi
rom t-Svilic eria Cems das uTxra mezobelma n-m, rom-
lis gvaric ar vici;~
gamoZiebis organo ar dainteresda „mezobel n-iT~ da ar

daudgenia misi pirovneba, TumcaRa misi dadgena arc Tu
ise did sirTules warmoadgenda.
gamoZiebis am xarvezis gamosworebas sasamarTlo

gamoZiebis dros Seecada damcveli z. r-Svili, romelmac
sasamarTlos winaSe waradgina Suamdgomloba damate-
biTi mowmis saxiT mezobel n. i-vis dakiTxvis Taobaze,
magram prokurori ar daeTanxma Suamdgomlobas da
Sesabamisad sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaremac ar
daakmayofila Suamdgomloba im motiviT, rom n. i-vis
dakiTxvas gansasjelisadmi wardgenil braldebasTan
da saqmesTan kavSiri ara aqvs.
sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros prokuroris Suamdgom-

lobiT, braldebis damatebiTi mowmis saxiT daikiTxa
gldani-naZaladevis Ss sammarTvelos meore ganyo-
filebis saubno qveganyofilebis ubnis ufrosi inspeq-
tori, romlis Cvenebac Semdegi Sinaarsisaa: „TviTon
dakavebisas (saubaria m. t-Svilze) araerTxel ganacx-
ada, rom dabadebulia qurdad da surs rom gamovides
e.w. „kanonieri qurdi.~ urTierToba hqonda kriminalur
samyarosTan da maT warmomadgenlebTan „JamgarianTan,~
„joboriasTan,~ gansasjeli ubanSi garkveuli krimi-
678
naluri avtoritetiT sargeblobda da mezoblebs eS-
inodaT da verafers ambobdnen.~
damcvelis SekiTxvaze ki igive mowme pasuxobs, rom „t-

Svili me ar damikavebia, ganyofilebaSi Tqva rodesac
miiyvanes, rom qurdad aris dabadebuli. ganyofilebaSi
Tqva rac me movismine, konkretulad, qurdoba mindao.~
***
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizidan irkveva, rom e.w.

`kanonieri qurdebisTvis~ sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisreba, samarTlebrivad rTul
amocanas warmoadgens. es arc aris gasakviri, vinaid-
an organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg brZola,
msoflio samarTlebriv praqtikaSi, udides Zalisx-
mevasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg samarTlebri-

vi saSualebebiT brZola normatiuli aqtebisa da
sasamarTlo praqtikisgan did moqnilobas da efeq-
turobas moiTxovs, radgan organizebuli danaSau-
loba aris mudmivad cvladi, garemo pirobebs morge-
buli movlena.
aqedan gamomdinare, organizebuli danaSaulobis

ZiriTadi birTvis, qurduli kriminaluri organiza-
ciis, winaaRmdeg brZolaSi miRweuli warmateba, miT
ufro did mniSvnelobas iZens, iseTi patara qveynisT-
vis, rogoric saqarTveloa.
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, qurduli kriminal-

uri organizacia erTiani darCa mTel postsabWour
sivrceSi da masTan dapirispireba samarTlebrivi
saSualebebiT mocemul etapze postsabWoTa respub-
679
likebidan mxolod saqarTvelom ganaxorciela.
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizidan Cans, rom qveyanam

warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi samarTlebrivi saSualebe-
biT organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolas.
Cven mier zogjer kritikulad danaxuli normatiuli
da sasamarTlo praqtikis niuansebi aisaxa warmod-
genil samecniero debulebebSi, rac nakarnaxebia
organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg ufro metad
efeqturi brZolis survilidan. imedia, samecniero
analizisas SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi waadgeba
saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikas organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
680
meoTxe kari
qarTuli antireketuli normebi

http://watchmojo.com/index.php?id=7427
giorgi goraSvili
samarTlis doqtori
Sesavali
antireketuli normebi qarTuli samarTlebrivi si-

namdvilisTvis novacias warmoadgens. termini `reketi~
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi 2004
wlidan damkvidrda. amitom qarTul iuridiul litera-
turaSi am dromde ar arsebobda am terminis ganmarteba.
zogadad cnobili iyo, rom reketi aris gamoZalva1. 2005
wlis 20 dekemberidan amoqmedda specialuri kanoni
òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~.
qarTulma antireketulma normebma Tavidanve kiTxvebi

dabada rogorc TeoriaSi, ise praqtikaSi. materialuri
sisxlis samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, bundovania antire-
ketuli normebis regulaciis sfero, problema Seiqmna
danaSaulis sxvadasxva formebidan misi gamijvnisas. aR-
niSnuli mizezebis gamo, axali antireketuli normebi
praqtikulad umoqmedoa. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasa-
marTlos statistikisa da informatizaciis gayofi-
lebis informaciiT, sasamarTlo warmoebaSi reketTan
dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi saerTod ar
ganxilula: `2005-2007 wlebSi ar Semosula saqmeebi ssk-
is 171-e da 2241-e muxlebiT~2.
sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, nacionaluri saxelm-

wifoebis xelisuflebis sisustis, socialuri kontro-
1
ix. o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
ganmarteba, Tb., 2005, gv. 150.
2
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, sasamarTlo statis-
tikisa da informatizaciis ganyofilebis #63-k pasuxi Cvens
2007 wlis 6 seqtembris werilze.
683
lis araefeqturad ganxorcielebis pirobebSi organi-
zebulma danaSaulma didi masStabi SeiZina. me-20 sauku-
nis bolos postsabWouri respublikebis umravlesobaSi
msgavsi mdgomareoba Seiqmna: organizebul danaSaulTa
Sedegad adamianTa erTma jgufma xelT igdo ara mxolod
didi simdidre da gavlena axlad aRmocenebul sabazro
ekonomikaze, aramed SeaRwia xelisuflebis yvela Sto-
Si. qarTveli kanonmdebeli Seecada gamoeyenebina orga-
nizebul danaSaulTan brZolaSi warmatebuli qveynebis
gamocdileba da aRniSnul movlenasTan sisxlissamar-
Telbrivi RonisZiebebiT daiwyo brZola. savaraudod
qarTveli kanonmdebeli daeyrdno aSS-s `statuts re-
ketuli da korumpirebuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb~,3
radganac qarTuli antireketuli normebi aSkarad ga-
nicdis `rikos~ kanonis zegavlenas. aSS-s kanonmdeblo-
bis efeqturoba organizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi farTod aris aRiarebuli. miCneulia, rom ne-
bismieri qveynis kanonmdebeli, romelsac survili aqvs
Seqmnas efeqturi samarTlebrivi aqti organizebuli
danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg, aucileblad unda gaecnos im
koncefciebs, romlebzedac dafuZnebulia aSS-Si orga-
nizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli normebi.
problemaSi garkvevis mizniT, mizanSewonilia SeerTe-
buli Statebis antireketuli kanonmdeblobis Seswa-
vla, aramxolod zogadad, zedapirulad, aramed im fu-
Zemdebluri koncefciebTan da principebTan erTad,
romlebze dayrdnobiTac iqca aRniSnuli normebi orga-
nizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul efeqtur
iaraRad.
3
statuti reketuli da korumpirebuli organizaciebis Ses-
axeb (Racketeer, influenced and Corrupt Organizations [RICO] statute) qve-
moT moxseniebuli iqneba rogorc `riko~.
684
aRniSnuli amocanis Sesrulebis Semdeg SedarebiT-sa-
marTlebrivi, istoriuli, SedarebiT-istoriuli, for-
malur-logikuri, dogmaturi, sistemur-struqturuli
meTodebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia gamoirkves:
1. ramdenad efeqturad moergo antireketuli normebi

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sistemas,
rogor SeeTavsa arsebul samarTlebriv institutebs;
2. antireketuli normebis regulirebis sfero;
3. definiciuri problemebi;
4. ramdenad efeqturia antireketuli normebi organi-
zebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
685
& 1. kriminalizaciis sazrisi
termini òrganizeba~ warmoiSva berZnuli sityvidan

_ Òrganon~ da frangulidan _ Òrganiser~. aRniSnuli
sityva berZnulad niSnavs ìnstruments, iaraRs~, rac
Seexeba frangul termins, igi ganimarteba rogorc
`mowesrigeba, dagegmva, gaerTianeba~.
òrganizebuli danaSaulis~ cnebaSi moiazreba dagegmi-

li, winaswar mofiqrebuli da momzadebuli devianturi
qceva. rac Seexeba òrganizebul danaSaulebriv saqmia-
nobas~, masSi unda vigulisxmoT calkeul òrganizebul
danaSaulTa~ erToblioba. pirTa jgufis mier ganxor-
cielebuli òrganizebuli danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba~
udevs safuZvlad òrganizebul danaSauls~.4
òrganizebuli danaSauli~ arsebiTad jgufuri dana-

Saulis erT-erTi saxea.5 jgufuri danaSaulis Sesaxeb
normebi mocemulia saqarTvelos ssk-is me-7 TavSi.
jgufuri organizebulobis niSnebi SeiZleba veZioT Ta-
namonawileobaSi (ssk-is 23-e muxli), agreTve, jgufuri
danaSaulis iseT saxeebSi, rogoricaa danaSauli, Ca-
denili jgufis mier winaswari SeTanxmebiT (ssk-is 27-e
muxli nawili me-2) da danaSauli, Cadenili organizebu-
li jgufis mier (ssk-is 27-e muxli nawili me-3).
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, reke-

tirobis garda dasjadia ùkanono SeiaraRebuli for-
mirebis Seqmna an xelmZRvaneloba, anda masSi monawileo-
ba~ (ssk-is 223-e muxli), `qurduli samyaros wevroba, ka-
nonieri qurdoba~ (ssk-is 2231 muxli), `banditizmi~ (ssk-
4
А.И. Долговой. М. 2002. с. 67-69
5
ix. z. wulaia. kriminologia, zogadi nawili, Tb. 2003w. gv. 225
686
is 224-e muxli), `teroristuli organizaciis Seqmna an
xelmZRvaneloba, anda masSi monawileoba~ (ssk-is 327-e
muxli) da sxva. yvela zemoCamoTvlili norma organize-
buli jgufis specialuri, kriminalizebuli formaa. sa-
qarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, jerjerobiT ar
arsebobs organizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tuli zogadi norma. zemoaRniSnuli specialuri nor-
mebi, organizebul danaSaulTa mxolod konkretul
gamovlinebebs aregulirebs, magram maT gareT mouwes-
rigebeli rCeba danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis sakmaod
didi wre. aSS-s nacionaluri usafrTxoebis sabWos 2000
wlis moxsenebaSi, organizebul danaSaulebriobasTan
brZolis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul kritikul winada-
debebSi aRiniSna, rom `yofili sabWoTa kavSiris arc
erT respublikaSi ar aris kanonebi, romlebic SesaZle-
blobas miscemda samarTaldamcav organoebs, pasuxis-
gebaSi miecaT danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadenis mizniT
gaerTianebuli pirebi da ara mxolod isini, vinc ukve
Caidina danaSauli.~6
SeerTebul StatebSi `rikos~ kanoni mimarTulia organ-

izebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg. `rikos~ miRebisas, 1970
wels, kongresis mizani iyo mafiisa da sxva danaSaule-
brivi sindikatebis gavlenis Sesusteba, xolo Semdeg
_ maTi sruli gaZeveba aSS-s ekonomikidan.7 `kongresi
adgens, rom organizebuli danaSaulebrioba SeerTe-
bul StatebSi aris metad rTuli, mravalferovani da
farTod gavrcelebuli movlena. yovelwliurad mrav-
ali miliardi dolariT zaralobs amerikis ekonomi-
6
ix. The report of Advice of National Safety, International crime threat
assessment, chapter I, Global Context of International Crime 2000, Пере-
вод на русский язык, Владивостокский Центр по изучению организо-
ванной преступности А.В. Пономаренко, Е.В.Кравченко, www.crime.
vl.ru, 2006.
7
ix. http://www.ricoact.com/ricoact/faq.asp, 2006.
687
ka ukanono Zaladobis, TaRliTobisa da korufciis
Sedegad~.8
`riko~ gaTvaliswinebulia aSS-s kodeqsis me-18 nawilis

96-e TavSi, §§ 1961_1968.9 igi organizebul danaSaulTa
winaaRmdeg brZolis kanonis nawils warmoadgens 901a).10
SeerTebuli Statebis uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmarte-
biT, `rikos~ meSveobiT organizebuli danaSaulis yve-
la gamovlinebaze unda ganxorcielebuliyo mZlavri
dartyma.11
rogorc vnaxeT, aSS-Si `rikos~ kanonis miReba miznad

isaxavda organizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg brZo-
las, igive mizani amoZravebda qarTvel kanonmdebelsac,
rodesac 2004 wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Seitana
antireketuli norma, xolo 2005 wels Seqmna specialuri
kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~,
romlis pirvelive muxlSi naTqvamia, rom àm kanonis mi-
zania, xeli Seuwyos organizebuli danaSaulis, qurdu-
li samyarosa da reketis winaaRmdeg brZolas da Tavi-
dan acilebas~. erTgvari miznis miuxedavad, rogorc
qvemoT davinaxavT, aRmoCnda mTeli rigi problemebisa,
romelTa gamoc qarTuli antireketuli normebi Sedar-
ebiT araefeqturi aRmoCnda organizebul danaSaulTa
8
ix.http://graham.main.nc.us/~bhammel/INS/RICO.html#CRM\\\\PEN.
Section 1 of Pub. L. 91-452
9
unda aRiniSnos agreTve is faqtoric, rom amJamad garda
federaluri kanonisa, ukve 29 Statma miiRo sakuTari `rikos~
kanoni (http://www.labex.ru/page/inzk_usa_uk_8.html).
10
ix. Weiner J. RIKO, Terrorism and extraterritorially: can RIKO reach
foreign conduct? p.15 www.nesl.edu/intljournal/vol1indx.cfm, 2006
11
Racketeer, influenced and Corrupt Organizations statute, § 1961; Lib-
eral Construction of Provisions; Supersedure of Federal or State Laws;
Authority of Attorneys Representing United States Section 904 of title IX
of Pub. L. 91-45
688
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, vidre _ maTi amerikuli analogi.
& 2. Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia legalo-

bis principTan da qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis sistemasTan mimarTebaSi
2.1 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefciis arsi
SeerTebuli Statebis kongresma SeimuSava e.w. `Tavisu-

fali interpretaciis~ koncefcia, romlis mixedviTac:
`SesaZlbelia mocemuli kanonis debulebebis Tavisu-
fali interpretireba amave kanonSi aRwerili miznebis
misaRwevad~.12 ar arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis kanoni,
romelic msgavs debulebas Seicavdes. ufro metic,
tradiciulad miRebulia, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi
normebi dawerili unda iyos erTmniSvnelovnad da nebi-
smieri gaukrkvevloba unda gadawydes braldebulis
sasargeblod.
`Tavisufali interpretirebis~ koncefcia gamomdinar-

eobs TviTon organizebuli danaSaulebriobis, rogorc
movlenis, mravalmxrivobidan, agreTve, misi zusti iu-
ridiuli definiciis SemuSavebis sirTulidan. or-
ganizebul danaSaulTa cvalebadoba da dinamiuroba
sisxlis samarTlis kanonisgan aranakleb moqnilobas
moiTxovs, raTa dausjeli ar darCes arc erTi damna-
Save mxolod imis gamo, rom sisxlis samarTali ar ar-
egulirebs sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis konkretul
sferos. `rikos~ kanoni ar SezRudula organizebul
danaSaulTa manamde arsebuli eTnikuri stereotipe-
biT. misTvis mniSvnelovania ara danaSaulis forma, ar-
amed Sinaarsi. misi avtorebi iyeneben zogad terminebs
12
ix. Weiner J. dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. me-15.
689
da Tavs arideben organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis gan-
martebas. `kongresma specialurad gaafarTova kanonis
moqmedebis farglebi, raTa ar daetovebina mcire xvre-
lic ki, romlis gamoyenebiTac organizebul danaSaul-
Si monawileni gadaurCebodnen pasuxismgeblobas.~13
`rikos~ farTo samarTalganmarteba SesaZleblo-

bas iZleva, aRniSnuli kanoni gamoyenebul iqnes im
SemTxvevebis drosac, romlebic misi miRebis momen-
tisTvis ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, agreTve, iseT `rTul
saqmeebSi, romlebic ar regulirdeba samarTlis trad-
iciuli normebiT da sazogadoebaSi iwvevs Zlier uary-
ofiT emocias~.14
`rikos~ debulebebis Tavisufali interpretaciis ma-

galiTi iyo aSS-Si gaxmaurebuli sasamarTlo proce-
si, àSS turkettes winaaRmdeg~, romlis drosac aSS-s
uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom òrganizacia~,
romelic kriminalur saqmianobas eweva, ar aris aucile-
beli, iyos Seqmnili legalur safuZvelze, igi SeiZleba
iyos de-faqto warmonaqmni da `SezRudviTi ganmarteba
òrganizaciisa~, rogorc mxolod legalur safuZvelze
Seqmnili iuridiuli pirisa, gamoiwvevs kanonis (`rikos~)
profilaqtikuri funqciebis ugulebelyofas~15
13
ix. M. Cormaney, Rico in Russia: effective control of organized crime
or anoter empty promise? Перевод М. Буряк, 2002 г. http://www.crime.
vl.ru/docs/stats/stat_145.htm, 2007
14
ix. iqve.
15
ix. http://www.ipsn.org/court_cases/us_v_turkette-su-
preme-1981-06-17.htm , 2007
690
2.2 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia lega-
lobis principTan mimarTebaSi
qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi `Tavisufali inter-

pretaciis~ koncefciis gaziareba, mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si iqneba mizanSewonili, Tuki amiT winaaRmdegoba ar
Seiqmneba legalobis zogadsamarTlebriv principTan.
kanonierebis principi asaxulia saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 1-el da me-7 muxlebSi da `vlinde-
ba ara marto danaSaulis aspeqtiT, aramed sasjelis
aspeqtiTac~16. organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis
egidiT kanonierebis principis ugulebelyofa ar unda
CaiTvalos mizanSewonilad.
aSS-Si gaacnobieres is faqtori, rom `rikos~ `Tavisu-

fali interpretaciis~ SesaZlebloba warmoSobs sa-
marTlebrivi TviTnebobis saSiSroebas. zemoaRniSnuli
problemis dasaregulireblad aSS-s iusticiis samin-
istroSi Seiqmna organizebul danaSaulTan da reket-
Tan brZolis specialuri ganyofileba (ÒCRS~), rom-
lis amocanas Seadgens `rikos~ kanonis gamoyenebaze
zedamxedveloba. `rikos~ kanoniT sisxlissamarTle-
brivi devnis dawyebisaTvis aucilebelia zemoaRniSnu-
li ganyofilebis sanqcia. igi amavdroulad Tvalyurs
adevnebs sasamarTlo warmoebaSi arsebul saqmeebs.17
16
ix. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, av-
torTa koleqtivi, red.: g.naWyebia, i. dvaliZe. gamomcemloba
`meridiani~, Tb., 2007, gv. 18.
17
ix. http://www.labex.ru/page/inzk_usa_uk_8.html, 2007
691
2.3 Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia qar-
Tuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sistemasTan
mimarTebaSi
2004 wlis 24 ivnisis kanoniT qarTvelma kanonmdebelma,

gaugebari mizezis gamo, antireketuli norma moaTavsa
sisxlis samarTlis zogad nawilSi (171-e muxli). amas-
Tan, zogadi nawiliT aRwerili antireketuli norma
ssk-is gansakuTrebuli nawilis mxolod erTi danaSau-
lis gamoZalvis (ssk-is 181-e muxli) _ SemadgenlobaSi
aisaxa damamZimebeli garemoebis saxiT.
SeiZleba vivaraudod is, rom zogad nawilSi reketis

cnebis gaTvaliswinebiT kanonmdebelma Seqmna misi far-
Tod gamoyenebis winapiroba, amovida ra `rikos~ `Tavisu-
fali interpretaciis~ koncefciidan. Tumca Tu es asea,
unda iTqvas, rom normis farTod gamoyenebis pirobebis
SeqmniT, imdenad amorfuli gaxda 171-e muxlis regu-
laciuri sfero, rom norma exeba xuTi wlis ganmavloba-
Si ganmeorebul TiTqmis yvela danaSauls. `Tavisufali
interpretacia~ ver ganxorcieldeba, Tu gaurkvevelia,
ris interpretacias vaxdenT da es interpretacia ra mi-
zans emsaxureba. aSS-Si `Tavisufali interpretaciis~
koncefcia emsaxureba organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolas, amisTvis `riko~ adgens `predikatul
danaSaulTa~ CamonaTvals, gansazRvravs ra reketuli
saqmianobis saxeebs da awesebs Sesabamis sasjels. qar-
Tuli normis mixedviT ki ganusazRvrelia reketuli
saqmianobis saxeebi. 2006 wlis 15 ivlisis cvlilebebiT
axali Semadgenloba daemata saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqss (2241-e mux.) antireketuli normebis
srulyofis TvalsazrisiT aRniSnuli wingadadgmul
nabijad SeiZleba miviCnioT, radganac norma sanqciiT
aRiWurva da damoukidebeli Semadgenlobis saxed Ca-
moyalibda sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis sistemaSi,
692
magram kvlav gaurkveveli darCa, ra moiazreba reketul
saqmianobad. Tu davuSvebT, rom kanonmdebels reketi
gamoZalvis erT-erTi saxed miaCnia, maSin usazrisoa
gamoZalvis ori Semadgenlobis _ zogadis da specia-
luris arseboba im dros, rodesac gaurkvevelia, riTi
gansxvavdeba isini erTmaneTisgan.
& 3. pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefciis arsi

da misi gamovlena qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi
3.1 pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefciis arsi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTls kodeqsis 171-e, muxlisa

da òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ sa-
qarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis 1-eli nawilis mixedviT,
`reketi aris Semosavlis an sxvagvari qonebrivi sarge-
blis sistematurad miRebis mizniT warmoebuli araer-
Tjeradi da organizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakav-
Sirebulia ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenasTan (Tu nasa-
marTloba ar aris gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili), Tu igi
ganxorcielda orjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis
ganmavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketiris dapatimre-
bisa da sasjelis moxdis vada.~ e.i. qarTuli kanonmde-
blobis mixedviT, piri reketirad CaiTvleba im SemTxve-
vaSi, Tu igi xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi aranakleb orjer
Caidens ganzrax danaSauls. aRniSnuli koncefcia `pa-
suxismgeblobis erTobliobis~ saxeliTaa cnobili da
sisxlis samarTalSi erTgvar siaxles warmoadgens18.
mas safuZveli aSS-Si `rikos~ kanonis miRebam daudo
da mimarTulia organizebuli jgufebis wevrebis pa-
suxismgeblobisa da sasjelis maqsimaluri gamkacre-
bisken, sazogadoebisTvis am ukanasknelTa mometebuli
saSiSroebis gamo.
18
ix. fttp://sosrussia.com/analyse/library/clusa/page2, 2007.
693
`riko~ aris erTaderTi sisxlis samarTlis kanoni, ro-
melic SesaZleblobas aZlevs braldebis mxares, war-
moadginos danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saqmianobis
sruli suraTi, organizebuli damnaSaveebis òjaxis~
saxiT. imis magier, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna
ganaxorcielos mxolod romelime mcire jgufis xel-
mZRvanelisa da misdami daqvemdebarebuli ramdenime
damnaSavis mimarT, am ukanasknelTa mier Cadenili erTi
romelime danaSaulis gamo, braldeba uflebamosilia,
daadanaSaulos organizebuli damnaSaveebis mTeli
òjaxi~. Cadenili erTi romelime danaSaulebrivi aq-
tis mtkicebis nacvlad, `riko~ SesaZleblobas iZleva,
dadgindes piris mTeli danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba misi
cxovrebis manZilze.~19
~rikos~ mixedviT, Tu piri, an pirTa jgufi, aTi wlis

ganmavlobaSi orjer Caidens gaTvaliswinebuli ormo-
cdaaTze meti danaSaulidan (40-ze meti federaluri da
9 saxelmwifo danaSaulidan) erT-erTs, aSS-s atorneis
(federaluri bralmdebeli, SeniSvna Cvenia - g. goraS-
vili), braldebis safuZvelze SeiZleba cnobil iqnes
reketirad.20 `rikos~ kanoni 1961-e paragrafSi adgens
sakmaod vrcel CamonaTvals im deliqtebisa, romlebic
iTvleba `reketul saqmianobad~. aRniSnul saqmiano-
bad miCneulia, magaliTad, `hobsis~ kanonis darRveva21,
fulis gaTeTreba, mkvleloba, mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba,
meqrTameoba, TaRliTobis sxvadasxva saxeebi, samarTa-
lwarmoebisTvis xelis SeSla, naqurdalis saerTaSori-
so gadazidva, kreditis ukanonod miReba da a.S.22
19
ix. H. Organized Crime. Nelson-Hall publishers. Chicago. перевод с
англ.-СПб.: Издателство С-Петербургского университета. 2002 c. 542
20
ix. http://www.labex.ru/page/inzk_usa_uk_8.html, 2007
21
ix. 18 U.S.C. sec. 1951 (1982) (prohibiting extortionate or violent enterfer-
ence with interstate or foreign commerce).
22
ix. 18 u.s.c, chapter 96—racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations,
694
`pasuximgeblobis erTobliobis~ koncefciis SinaarsSi
gasarkvevad unda mivuTiToT, rom aSS-s `rikos~ kanoni
moqmedebas iwyebs danaSaulis ganmeorebis SemTxve-
vaSi. ganmeorebuli danaSauli unda miekuTvnebodes
e.w. `sakontrolo deliqtebis~ jgufs. amas garda, aSS-
s uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT, Cadenil dana-
Sauls unda axasiaTebdes ùrTierTdakavSirebuloba~
da ùnda arsebobdes safrTxe aRniSnuli qmedebebis
gagrZelebisa~23. `rikos~ kanoniT, piri pasuxs agebs ara
calkeuli danaSaulisTvis, aramed mis mier Cadenili
yvela danaSaulisTvis, radganac miiCneva, rom igi orga-
nizebul danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweva.
3.2 antireketuli normebi danaSaulis simravlisa da

jgufuri danaSaulobis samarTlebriv institutebT-
an mimarTebaSi
qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi `pasuxismgeblobis erTo-

bliobis~ koncefciis analogi `danaSaulis simravleSi~
SeiZleba veZioT. moviazrebT araerTgzis danaSauls
(ssk-is me-15 muxli), danaSaulTa erTobliobas (ssk-
is me-16 muxli) da danaSaulis recidivs (ssk-is me-17
muxli).
aSS-s `pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis~ koncefciasa da

qarTul `danaSaulis simravles~ Soris is gansxvavebaa,
rom, Tu saqarTveloSi danaSaulis gameorebis SemTxve-
vaSi piri pasuxs agebs mis mier Cadenili konkretuli
danaSaulisTvis da gameoreba miiCneva pasuxismgeblo-
bis damamZimebel garemoebad, aSS-Si `sakontrolo de-
liqtebis~ gameoreba Tvisobrivad axali danaSaulis Se-
§ 1961. definitions.
23
ix. http://www.ricoact.com/ricoact/faq.asp, 2007
695
madgenlobas iZleva da Cveulebrivi sisxlis samarTlis
normebis nacvlad piri pasuxs agebs `rikos~ mixedviT.
reketirobis ZiriTad niSnad saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-

marTlis kodeqsis 171-e, 2241-e muxlebisa da òrgani-
zebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ specialuri
kanoniT moiazreba organizebuli danaSaulebrivi saq-
mianoba, danaSaulis simravle ki aRniSnuli organizebu-
lobis gamoxatvis formaa. `rogorc ssk-is 171-e muxlis
Sinaarsidan irkveva, rom reketi danaSaulis simravlisa
da jgufuri danaSaulis institutebis mijnaze dgas.
saxeldobr, reketis ganmartebis Tanaxmad, damnaSave
unda moqmedebdes araerTjeradad da organizebulad~24
pozicia imis Sesaxeb, rom àraerTjeradoba~ da òr-
ganizebuloba~ reketis cnebis TanabarmniSvnelovani
niSnebia~25, ver daveTanxmebiT, radganac danaSaulis
gameoreba xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi organizebuli dana-
Saulebrivi saqmianobis mimaniSnebelia. danaSaulis si-
mravle am SemTxvevaSi aris Sinaarsis gamoxatvis forma
da ara TviTon Sinaarsi. ar SeiZleba Sinaarsi gavaigivoT
formasTan, anu reketirobis Sinaarsobrivi niSani misi
organizebuli danaSaulis erT-erTi saxisadmi kuTvni-
lebaa. organizebuli danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba ki ssk-
is 27-e muxlis mixedviT jgufuri danaSaulobis erT-
erT saxeSi, organizebul jgufSia moazrebuli. aqedan
gamomdinare antireketuli normis moTavseba ssk-is
danaSaulTa simravlis TavSi (171-e muxli) moxda forma-
luri da ara Sinaarsobrivi niSniT da winaaRmdegobaSi
modis aRniSnuli normis kriminalizaciis sazrisTan da
bunebasTan.
24
`meridiani~, Tb., 2007, gv. 346.
25
ix.sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, das. naSr. Ggv. 346.
696
&. 4 sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefcia
4.1 sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefciis arsi
`pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis~ koncefciasTan kav-

SirSi unda ganvixiloT `sakontrolo deliqtTa~ (`pre-
dicate offences~) koncefcia. aRniSnuli koncefciis Ta-
naxmad, `rikos~ kanonis amoqmedebisTvis pirma unda ga-
naxorcielos minimum ori sakontrolo (predikatuli)
danaSauli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi. `sakontrolo deliq-
tis~ cnebaSi igulisxmeba is danaSaulebi, romlebic,
aSS-s kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, qmnian `rikos~ Semadgen-
lobas da maTi amomwuravi CamonaTvali mocemulia aR-
niSnuli kanonis 1961-e paragrafSi (40-ze meti federa-
luri da 9 saxelmwifo danaSauli).26 predikatuli dana-
Saulis pirvelad Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, piri pasuxs agebs
saerTo wesiT, xolo specialuri recidivis SemTxvevaSi,
anu aRniSnuli danaSaulebis xelmeored Cadenis Semdeg,
amoqmeddeba `riko~.
aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebis Tanaxmad, 10

wlis ganmavlobaSi ori sakontrolo deliqtis gan-
xorcielebis garda, `rikos~ kanoniT pasuxisgebaSi mi-
cemisTvis aucilebel moTxovnas warmoadgens is, rom
aRniSnuli `sakontrolo deliqtebi~ dakavSirebuli
unda iyos erTmaneTTan da arsebobdes saSiSroeba dana-
Saulebrivi saqmianobis gagrZelebisa.27
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavis droze `rikos~ kanoni ar

SezRudula organizebul danaSaulTa manamde arse-
buli «eTnikuri stereotipebiT». `rikos~ kanonisTvis
mniSvnelovania ara danaSaulobis forma, aramed misi Si-
naarsi. `rikos~ miRebamde, organizebul danaSaulobas
26
ix. 18 u.s.c, chapter 96—racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations,
§ 1961. definitions.
27
ix. http://www.ricoact.com/ricoact/faq.asp.
697
eTnikur dajgufebebs (koncefcia àlien-conspiracy model~),
gansakuTrebiT ki italiur-amerikuls ukavSirebdnen.28
aSS-s kanonmdeblis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom aqcenti
gakeTda organizebul danaSaulebriobaze, rogorc zo-
gad movlenaze da ara mis calkeul gamovlinebebze. anu,
ara formaze, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aramed _ Si-
naarsze. amis gamoa, rom `rikos~ bolo dros iyeneben da-
naSaulTa iseTi saxeebis winaaRmdegac, romlebic misi
miRebis dros saerTod ar arsebobda29. arsebobs mosa-
zreba `rikos~ rolis zrdaze teroristul danaSaulTa
winaaRmdeg brZolis aspeqtiTac.30
4.2 qarTuli antireketuli normebi sakontrolo de-

liqtTa koncefciasTan mimarTebaSi
predikatuli deliqtebis gauTavliswinebloba qarTul

antireketul normebs faqtobrivad umoqmedod tovebs,
radganac gaugebaria aRniSnuli normebis moqmedebis
farglebi, regulaciuri sfero. SeuZlebelia gaivlos
mijna danaSaulis simravlis sxva saxeebTan (araerTgzis
danaSaulTan, danaSaulTa erTobliobasTan da danaSau-
lis recidivTan), agreTve, organizebuli jgufis sxva
specialur saxeebTan (`qurduli samyaros wevrobas-
Tan~, `kanonier qurdobasTan~ (ssk-is 2231 muxli), `ban-
ditizmTan~ (ssk-is 224-e muxli) da sxva).
28
ix. Уголовное законодательство США, http://sosrussia.com/analyse/
library/clusa/page2/
29
ix. Cormaney M., Rico in Russia: effective control of organized crime or
anoter empty promise? Перевод М. Буряк, 2002 г. http://www.crime.vl.ru/
docs/stats/stat_145.htm, 2007
30
ix. Nathan Irvin & Juster Kenneth, Law Enforcement Against Interna-
tional Terrorists: Use of the RICO Statute, 60 U. COLO. L. REV. 1989.p.564;
Weiner J. RIKO, Terrorism and extraterritorially: can RIKO reach foreign
conduct? p.13 www.nesl.edu/intljournal/vol1indx.cfm
698
`sakontrolo deliqtTa~ (`predicate offences~) koncefciis
gauTvaliswineblobam warmoSva gaugebroba im sakiTxSi,
Tu ra moiazreba reketirobaSi da romeli danaSaule-
brivi qmedebebis ganxorcieleba warmoadgens reketul
saqmianobas. predikatuli deliqtebis gansazRvramde
qarTvelma kanonmdebelma pirvel rigSi unda gadawyvi-
tos, eqneba qarTul antireketul normebs aSS-s antire-
ketuli normebis Sesabamisad organizebul danaSaulTa
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogadi Tu banditizmis (ssk-is
224-e muxli), qurduli samyaros wevrobis, kanonieri
qurdobis (ssk-is 2231-e muxli) da sxvaTa msgavsad orga-
nizebuli jgufis, kriminalizebuli, specialuri nor-
mis saxe.
qarTul antireketul kanonmdeblobas organizebuli

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogadi normis xa-
siaTi ar gaaCnia da amiT ukve winaaRmdegobaSi modis
amerikul analogTan. zemoaRniSnulis dasturad ssk-is
2241-e muxlis sanqciac sakmarisia, romelic iTvaliswi-
nebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 5-dan 10 wlamde. magali-
Tad, Tu piri organizebul danaSaulebriv saqmianobas
eweva da xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi orjer an metjer Cai-
dens gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls (mag. trefikingi
ssk-is 1431-e muxli) misi pasuxisgebaSi micema mxolod
reketirobisTvis pasuxismgeblobis Semsubuqebad iqce-
va, rodesac piriqiT unda iyos. amitom aRniSnuli piri
pasuxisgebaSi SeiZleba mieces danaSaulTa erToblio-
bisTvis, anu reketirobisa da trefikingisTvis, gansxva-
vebiT aSS-s `rikos~ kanonisgan, romelic Tavis TavSi
moiazrebs yvela predikatul danaSauls. aSS-s `rikos~
mixedviT, orjer an metjer predikatuli deliqtebis
Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, amasTan, Tu aRniSnul deliqtebs
axasiaTebT urTierTkavSiri da arsebobs saSiSroeba
kriminaluri saqmianobis gagrZelebisa, piri pasuxs
699
agebs ara Cveulebrivi wesiT, aramed gacilebiT mkacrad
rogorc reketiri...31
SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac organizebuli danaSauli

didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba, `rikos~ kanoni war-
matebiT moqmedebs im mizezis gamo, rom, rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, ar ifargleba eTnikuri an sxva saxis stereo-
tipebiT. am Tvisebis gamo organizebuli danaSaulis
Tanamedrove gamovlinebebisTvis 1970 wels miRebuli
kanoni mzad aRmoCnda. qarTvelma kanonmdebelma, Tu is
gaiTvaliswinebs aSS-s gamocdilebas, unda Seqmnas or-
ganizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zogadi
norma, iqneba es antireketuli normebiT Tu sxva for-
miT. formas ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, mTavaria,
maTSi aisaxos is Sinaarsi da fuZemdebluri principebi,
ramac aSS-s warmateba moutana organizebul danaSaul-
Ta winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
4.3 winadadebebi sakontrolo deliqtTa koncefcias-

Tan mimarTebaSi qarTuli antireketuli normebis sa-
kanonmdeblo daxvewisTvis
qarTuli antireketuli kanonmdeblobisTvis umniS-

vnelovanesia `sakontrolo deliqtTa~ (`predicate offen-
ces~) koncefciis amoqmedeba. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwe-
vad SeiZleba ori alternatiuli mimarTuleba gamoikve-
Tos:
1. saqarTvelos ssk-is 171-e muxlSi reketis da reke-
tirobis definiciis Semdeg CamonaTvalis saxiT ga-
Tvaliswinebul iqnes ssk-is gansakuTrebuli nawi-
lis konkretuli normebi, romlebsac kanonmdebeli
organizebul danaSaulTa predikatul deliqtebad
CaTvlis, xolo am ukanasknelT ki daematos Sesaba-
31
ix. zeviT `pasuxismgeblobis erTobliobis koncefcia~.
700
misi damamZimebeli garemoeba, romelic pirobiTad
SeiZleba ase ganisazRvros: `Cadenili reketiris
mier~. msgavsi precendenti ssk-Si ukve gvaqvs ga-
moZalvis Semadgenlobis saxiT (181-e muxlis me-4
nawili). aRniSnuli gziT Tu wavalT, TavisTavad
dadgeba saqarTvelos ssk-is 2241-e muxlis gauqmebis
aucilebloba, ris dasturadac dRevandeli mdgo-
mareobac gamogvadgeba: magaliTad, Tu gamoZalva
Caidina reketirma, gamodis, rom man pasuxi unda
agos rogorc gamoZalvis Sesabamisi damamZimebeli
garemoebiT (181-e muxlis me-4 nawili) agreTve, reke-
tisTvis calke (2241-e muxli). aRniSnuli winaaRmde-
gobaSi modis aramarto `sakontrolo deliqtebis~
koncefciasTan,32 aramed erTi da imave qmedebis-
Tvis orjer dasjis dauSveblobis konstituciur
principTanac.33 zemoaRniSnuli msjelobidan ga-
momdinare, antireketuli normebis regulaciuri
sfero unda ganisazRvros ssk-is zogadi nawilis
171-e muxlSi predikatuli danaSaulebis CamoTvlis
gziT (magaliTad : mieTiTos ssk-is kerZo nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli romeli danaSaulebi CaiTvleba
reketuli saqmianobis saxeebad). konkretul sakon-
trolo deliqtebs ki ssk-is kerZo nawilSi daematos
Sesabamisi damamZimebeli garemoeba: `Cadenili reke-
tiris mier~. am viTarebaSi TavisTavad dgeba 2241-e
muxlis gauqmebis sakiTxi, radganac igi, martivad
rom vTqvaT,Y ufunqciod rCeba.
2. `sakontrolo deliqtTa~ koncefciis amoqmedebis
32
antireketuli normebis mixedviT, piri imitom aris reke-
tiri, rom man drois garkveul periodSi gaimeora predikatu-
li danaSauli, zustad aRniSnuli gameorebis gamo isjeba igi
ufro mkacrad. (SeniSvna Cvenia).
33
am konkretuli magaliTidan gamomdinareobs, rom piri is-
jeba reketirobisTvis (ssk-is 181-e muxlis me-4 nawili) da ki-
1
dev reketirobisTvis (ssk-is 224 -e muxli).
701
meore mimarTuleba ufro gamarTulia Sinaarsobri-
vi TvalsazrisiT, advilad jdeba qarTuli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis sistemaSi da ufro axlos dgas
aSS-s `rikos~ kanonis struqturasTanac. umjobesi
iqneba saqarTvelos ssk-is 2241-e muxlSi ganisazR-
vros reketisa da reketirobis cneba da amis Sem-
deg moxdes sakontrolo deliqtTa amomwuravi Ca-
moTvla, romelTa orjer an metjer Cadena xuTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi Sefasebuli iqneba organizebul dana-
Saulebriv saqmianobad. ssk-is 2241-e muxli aRiWur-
vos ufro mkacri sanqciiT, vidre masSi Semavali
konkretuli predikatuli danaSaulebi. davuSvaT,
rom reketuli saqmianobis saxeebad saqarTvelos ka-
nonmdebelma gansazRvra Zaladobrivi Zarcva (ssk-is
178-e muxlis me-3 nawilis `d~ punqti), yaCaRoba (ssk-
is 179-e muxli) da trefikingi (ssk-is 1431-e muxli).
deliqtunariani piris pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi,
romelmac xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi orjer an metjer
Caidina aRniSnuli danaSaulebi, Sefasdeba reketi-
robad, Cadenili Zarcvis, yaCaRobisa da trefikin-
gis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo ganaCenSi miTiTebuli
iqneba ssk-is 2241-e muxlze da sasjelic aRniSnuli
muxlis sanqciis mixedviT dainiSneba.34 meore mimar-
TulebiT wasvlis SemTxvevaSi logikuria, rom unda
gauqmdes ssk-is 171-e muxli, radganac igi ufunqciod
darCeba, amasTan, misi gauqmeba sistemur-struqtu-
ruli TvalsazrisiTac mizanSewonili iqneba.
34
reketis Semadgenel danaSaulebze mosamarTle ganaCenis
aRwerilobiT nawilSi miuTiTebs.
702
& 5. organizaciuli SeTanxmebis koncefcia
5.1 organizaciuli SeTanxmebis koncefciis arsi
aSS-Si arsebobs `statuti danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis

Sesaxeb~, romlis mixedviTac, ori an meti piris SeTan-
xmeba mimarTuli danaSaulis Casadenad, damTavrebul
danaSaulad iTvleba. SeTanxmebis damTavrebul dana-
Saulad cnobisTvis aucilebelia, rom ori an meti piri
gegmavdes kanoniT akrZaluli qmedebis ganxorciele-
bas da aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad daiwyos àSkara
moqmedeba~.35
rogorc aRiniSna, àSkara moqmedebis~ dawyebis gareSe

SeTanxmeba damTavrebul danaSaulad ar iTvleba. àSka-
ra moqmedebis~ dawyebis analogi saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul daumTavrebel
danaSaulTa saxeebSi, momzadebasa da mcdelobaSi (ssk-
is 18-e, me-19 muxlebi) SeiZleba veZioT. danaSaulebrivi
SeTanxmeba, aSS-s kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, damTavre-
bul danaSaulad iTvleba, Tu dafiqsirda SeTanxmebul-
Ta mxridan danaSaulis ganxorcielebisken mimarTuli
garkveuli qmedeba, iqneba es pirobebis ganzrax Seqmna
Tu danaSaulis obieqturi mxris garkveuli nawilis
Sesruleba.
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, aSS-s ka-

nonmdeblobis mixedviT, danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmeba,
ukve damoukidebel danaSaulad iTvleba.
ar SeiZleba, ar aRiniSnos is gamonaklisi, romelic dana-

Saulebrivi SeTanxmebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul statut-
35
ix. Abadinsky H., Organized Crime. Nelson-Hall publishers. Chicago. пе-
ревод с англ.-СПб.: Издателство С-Петербургского университета. 2002
c. 536.
703
Sia dafiqsirebuli. kerZod, danaSaulis damTavrebis
etapi narkotikul danaSaulebTan dakavSirebiT erTi
safexuriT winaa gadmotanili da ar moiTxovs àSkara
moqmedebas~.36 damTavrebul danaSauls warmoadgens
ori an meti piris SeTanxmeba narkotikul nivTierebaTa
brunvis federaluri normebis darRvevis Sesaxeb.37
`danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ samarTlebrivi institu-

tis sasikeTod aSS-s samecniero wreebSi Semdegi mosa-
zrebebia gamoTqmuli:
1. `danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ damTavrebul dana-

Saulad CaTvla SesaZleblobas aZlevs samarTal-
damcavebs, moaxdinon reagireba manam, sanam damnaSa-
veebi qmedebis ganxorcielebas daiwyebdnen;
2. `danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ monawiles ar SeuZlia,
Tavidan aicilos sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxis-
mgebloba im sababiT, rom man ar icoda `SeTanxmebis~
yvela detalis Sesaxeb, an pirovnulad ar icnobda
masSi monawile yvela wevrs;
3. `danaSaulebriv SeTanxmebaSi~ monawile TiToeuli
piris qmedeba mtkicebulebad iTvleba sxva monawi-
leTa mimarT;
4. `danaSaulebriv SeTanxmebaSi~ monawile pasuxismge-
belia SeTanxmebis sxva monawileTa qmedebebisTvis,
romlebic ganxorcielda manamde, sanam igi gawe-
vriandeboda jgufSi, Tuki axali monawile icnobs
`danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ ZiriTad miznebs da
Tanaxmaa, monawileoba miiRos maT ganxorcielebaSi;
36
ix. Abadinsky H., dasax. naS. gv. 591.
37
ix. aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos 1994 wlis ganaCeni [United
State v. Shabani N: 93-981]
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/93-981.ZO.html, 2007
704
5. `danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmebis~ instituti organize-
bul danaSaulobis, gansakuTrebiT misi zeda eSelo-
nebis, winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqturi iaraRia. igi iZ-
leva imis SesaZleblobas, rom pasuxisgebaSi miecnen
organizebuli jgufis xelmZRvanelebi, im SemTxve-
vaSic ki, rodesac maT ar ganuxorcielebiaT raime
àSkara moqmedeba~. sakmarisia, damtkicdes is faqti,
rom isini `SeTanxmebis~ monawileebi arian.38
`rikos~ avtorebi, daeyrdnen ra `danaSaulebrivi SeTan-

xmebis~ statuts, da masSi aRweril debulebebs, Seimu-
Saves axali, òrganizaciuli SeTanxmebis~ koncefcia.
erT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc `riko~ sakmaod efeqturi
gamodga organizebul danaSaulebTan brZolaSi, aris
zustad òrganizaciuli SeTanxmebis~ axali koncef-
ciis damsaxureba.
òrganizaciuli SeTanxmeba~ mniSvnelovan iaraRad iqca

organizebul danaSaulTa liderebis winaaRmdeg. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom es ukanasknelni xelmZRvanelobdnen
kriminalur dajgufebebs, piradad iSviaTad arRvevd-
nen kanons. `rikom~ iseTi formulireba misca `danaSau-
lebrivi SeTanxmebis~ normebs, rom SesaZlebeli gaxda
pasuxisgebaSi micemuliyvnen isini, vinc realurad war-
marTavda organizebul danaSaulobas.39
Tanamonawileobis normebi araefeqturad muSaoben or-

ganizebul danaSaulTa winaaRmdeg, radgan, rogorc
wesi, kriminalur organizaciaSi realizdeba sxvadasxva
saxis danaSaulebrivi SeTanxmeba. imis gamo, rom ar arse-
bobs erTiani koleqtiuri SeTanxmeba, an erTiani koleq-
38
ix. Abadinsky H., dasax. naSromi, gv. 536.
39
ix. Nathan Irvin & Juster Kenneth, Law Enforcement Against International
Terrorists: Use of the RICO Statute, 60 U. COLO. L. REV. 1989.p.564.
705
tiuri danaSaulebrivi mizani, mTeli jgufis pasuxisge-
baSi micema rTul amocanas warmoadgens. `SeuZlebelia,
damtkicdes erTiani SeTanxmeba da erTiani danaSaule-
brivi mizani sruliad sxvadasxva danaSaulze da maT
Camden pirebze, romlebic konkretuli danaSaulis Ca-
denaSi urTierTkavSirSi ar imyofebian.~40
`rikos~ kanonma moxsna es problema òrganizaciuli

SeTanxmebis~ koncefciiT. òrganizaciuli SeTanxme-
bis~ mixedviT, organizaciis kriminalur saqmianobaze
pasuxismgebelia misi yvela wevri, ara aqvs mniSvneloba
uSualod iRebda Tu ara igi monawileobas reketuli da-
naSulis CadenaSi. amas garda, mniSvneloba ara aqvs ico-
da Tu ara pirma organizaciis sxva wevrebis saqmianobis
Sesaxeb, anda flobda Tu ara informacias organizaciis
saqmianobis yvela sferos Sesaxeb. òrganizaciuli Se-
Tanxmebis~ koncefcia saSualebas iZleva, ganvixiloT
danaSaulebrivi organizacia rogorc erTi mTliani da
ara rogorc misi nawilebis jami.41
5.2 organizebul danaSaulobasTan sisxlissamarT-

lebrvi saSualebebiT brZolis sakanonmdeblo bazis
srulyofisTvis
organizebul danaSaulobasTan brZolis efeqturad

warmarTvis interesebidan gamomdinare, gaTvaliswi-
nebuli unda iqnes ssk-is 27-e muxlSi danaSaulebrivi
organizaciis (gaerTianebis) cneba. aRniSnuli cnebis
SemuSavebisas mizanSewonilia daveyrdnoT `rikos~ òr-
ganizaciuli SeTanxmebis~ ZiriTad debulebebs, gan-
sakuTrebiT pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dadgenisas,
40
ix. Cormaney M. Rico in Russia: effective control of organized crime or
anoter empty promise? Перевод М. Буряк, 2002 г. http://www.crime.vl.ru/
docs/stats/stat_145.htm
41
ix. Cormaney M. dasax. naS.
706
radganac zustad pasuxismgeblobis farglebis `riko-
seuli~ gadawyveta iqca organizebul danaSaulTa Tav-
kacebis samarTlianad dasjis safuZvelad aSS-Si.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e muxlis

me-3 nawilisa da amave muxlis SeniSvnis mixedviT, orga-
nizebuli danaSaulis cnebaSi moiazreba rogorc orga-
nizebuli jgufi, ise danaSaulebrivi organizacia. anu,
martivad rom vTqvaT, qarTvelma kanonmdebelma es ori
gansxvavebuli movlena erTi cnebis qveS moaqcia da da-
naSaulebrivi organizaciasa da organizebuli jgufs
Soris, tolobis niSani dasva. aRniSnuli midgoma vfi-
qrobT ar aris marTebuli, radganac danaSaulebrivi
organizacia gacilebiT ufro rTuli movlenaa, vidre
organizebuli jgufi. erT-erTi umTavresi ganmasxva-
vebeli niSani maT Soris aris is, rom danaSaulebrivi
organizacia iqmneba mravali danaSaulis Casadenad, anu
misi Seqmnisas arsebobs kriminaluri saqmianobis mizani,
maSin rodesac organizebuli jgufi SeiZleba Seiqmnas
erTi danaSaulis Casadenadac42. danaSaulebrivi or-
ganizaciis kriminalizebul saxed tradiciulad `ban-
ditizms~ (ssk-is 224-e muxli) miiCneven. `banda~ (Banda)
italiuri warmoSobis sityvaa da gamoiyeneba myari43 da-
naSaulebrivi jgufis aRsaniSnavad, romelic ramdenime
danaSaulis Casadenad iqmneba (italiuri terminis sino-
42
`meridiani~, Tb., 2007, gv.225.
43
ix. o. gamyreliZe cnebaSi `simyare~ jgufis sruqturuli
maxasiaTeblis, anu wevrobis uwyvetobis garda, moiazrebs
mravali danaSaulis Cadenis mizansac, es `simyaris~ cnebis
farTo gagebaa. vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos ssk-is kodeqis `sim-
yaris~ cnebis viwro gagebas unda daeyrdnos, sadac simyaris
cnebaSi struqturuli maxasiaTebeli iqneba gaTvaliswinebu-
li, xolo danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis mizanma damoukidebel
asaxva unda hpovos.
707
44
nimebia: germanuli _ Die Bande da rusuli Шайка).
`sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebam karga xania, rac Seimu-

Sava danaSaulebrivi organizaciis cneba. danaSaulebri-
vi organizacia, romlis erT-erT saxesac SeiaraRebuli
banda warmoadgens, yovelgvari sxva danaSaulebrivi
dajgufebisgan erTi arsebiTi niSniT gansxvavdeba – es
aris myari jgufi.~45
5.3 ruseTis federaciis gamocdileba danaSaulebri-

vi gaerTianebis (organizaciis) kriminalizaciis sa-
kiTxSi
organizebuli danaSaulobis kriminalizaciisas gasa-

Tvaliswinebelia is Teoriuli da praqtikuli proble-
mebi, rasac ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi `danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organizaciis)
Seqmnas~ (ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 210-e muxli) gaTva-
liswinebas axlda Tan. aRniSnuli norma novacias war-
moadgens da `sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Teoretiko-
sebis, praqtikosi muSakebis da kanonmdeblebs Soris
didi davis Semdeg iqna gaTvaliswinebuli. xangrZlivi
drois ganmavlobaSi, mravali daobda im sakiTxTan daka-
vSirebiT, rom ramdenad mizanSewonili da aucilebeli
iyo SemoRebuliyo dasjadoba ara konkretuli danaSau-
lebrivi qmedebebis gamo, aramed mxolod danaSaule-
brivi organizaciis Seqmnis, an masSi monawileobisTvis.
saidumlos aravisTvis ar warmoadgens is faqti, rom
dResdReobiT ruseTSi yvelaze gavleniani danaSau-
44
ix. o. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis ganmarteba, Tb., 2005 gv. 208.
45
ix. isev TviTmfrinavis gatacebis saqmis gamo. gazeTi “axali
saqarTvelo~ 14-20 maisi 1998.
708
lebrivi gaerTianebebis, Tu organizaciebis liderebi
piradad ar monawileoben konkretul danaSaulebSi da
amis gamo sisxlis samarTlis regulirebis farglebs ga-
reT rCebian.~46 ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 210-e muxlis
SemuSavebisas kanonmdeblis mizans Seadgenda Seeqmna
iseTi efeqturi norma, romelic organizebul dana-
SaulTa winaaRmdeg iqneboda mimarTuli.47
ruseTis federaciis ssk-is `210-e muxlis mixedviT Se-

madgenlobis obieqturi mxare gamoixateba:
1. mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebis Cadenis

mizniT danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis an organiza-
ciis SeqmnaSi;
2. aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi gaerTianebis (organiza-
ciis), an masSi Semavali struqturuli erTeulebis
xelmZRvanelobaSi;
3. mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebis Casade-
nad gegmebis SemuSavebisa da pirobebis Seqmnis mi-
zniT danaSaulebrivi jgufebis organizatorebis,
xelmZRvanelebis, an sxva warmomadgenlebis gaer-
Tianebis SeqmnaSi;
4. danaSaulebriv gaerTianebaSi monawileobaSi;
5. organizebuli jgufebis organizatorebis, xelmZR-
vanelebis da warmomadgenlebis gaerTianebaSi;
6. samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT zemoCa-
moTvlili qmedebebis ganxorcielebaSi~.48
46
ix. В.А. Номоконов, Ю.Б Мельников, Какой должна быть политика в
области борьбы с организованной преступностью? Дальневосток . 2002
г. с. 5.
47
ix. Комментарий к Уголовному кодексу Российской Федерации. Под.
общ. ред. Скуратова Ю.И. Лебедева В.М. М. 1999 с. 510.
48
ix. Уголовное право. Особенная часть. Коллектив авторов. Изд. Нор-
ма М. 2000 с. 381.
709
rogorc kritikosebi aRniSnaven, mZime an gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulis Cadenis mizanma ruseTis federaciis
ssk-is 210-e muxli `mkvdar~ Semadgenlobad aqcia.49 ori
an meti piris gaerTianeba mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulebis Cadenis mizniT isedac dasjadia, radga-
nac danaSaulis momzadebad iTvleba. am logikiT 210-e
muxlis ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kode-
qsSi Semotana saerTod usagno gamodis. rogorc mar-
Tebulad aRniSnavs a. dolgova, àxal kodeqsSi isev ga-
movlinda Zveleburi midgoma, rac, rbilad rom vTqvaT,
organizebuli danaSaulis fenomenis Seuswavlelobis
bralia.~50
`ruseTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis miRebis Semdeg,

Tuki danaSaulebriv jgufSi organizebulobis mcire
niSnebi mainc SeiniSneboda, braldeba cdilobda ga-
moeyenebina ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 210-e muxli. si-
tuacia radikalurad Seicvala gaxmaurebuli gamamarT-
lebeli ganaCenebis Semdeg. dResdReobiT samarTaldam-
cavebi cdiloben jgufuri danaSaulobis zogadi nor-
mebis gamoyenebas da yvelanairad Tavs arideben 210-e
muxls. amgvari tendenciis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnuli normis `mkvdar Semadgenlobad~ gadaqcevis
safrTxe iqmneba.~51 ruseTis federaciis ssk-is 210-e
muxliT aRZruli saqmeebis statistika marTlac Se-
49
ix. Номоконов В.А. Мельников Ю.Б, Какой должна быть политика в об-
ласти борьбы с организованной преступностью? Дальневосток . 2002 г. c 6.
50
ix. Долгова А.И. Криминальная ситуация в России и правовые про-
блемы борьбы с организованной преступностью, Преступность и зако-
нодательство. М,. 1997. С. 53.
51
ix. Брсоян, В. А. Крюков А. А., Уголовно-правовые меры борьбы с орга-
низованной преступностью. Сибирский Юридический Вестник. 2004. № 3.
http://web1.law.edu.ru/magazine/sibvestnik/article.asp?magNum=3&magYe
ar=2004&articleID=1183199, 2007
710
maSfoTebelia: 1997 wlis ganmavlobaSi mTeli ruseTis
masStabiT aRZrul iqna mxolod 48 sisxlis samarTlis
saqme, romelTagan mxolod 9 damTavrda gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeniT. 1998 wels aRiZra 160 sisxlis samarTlis sa-
qme, romelTaganac mxolod erTi damTavrda gamamtyu-
nebeli ganaCeniT.52
5.4 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT regla-

mentirebuli organizebuli jgufis subieqturi mxa-
ris kritikuli analizi
aRsaniSnavia, rom ssk-is 27-e muxlis mesame nawilSi

miTiTebuli: pirdapir an arapirdapir finansuri an
sxva materialuri sargeblis ukanonod miRebis mizani
usafuZvlod zRudavs normis moqmedebis farglebs. ro-
gorc wesi, umravles SemTxvevebSi organizebuli jgu-
fis moqmedeba marTlac dakavSirebulia ukanonod mate-
rialuri sikeTis miRebis mizanTan, magram am wesidan ga-
monaklisebic arsebobs. magaliTad, SeiZleba teroris-
tuli aqti (ssk-is 323-e muxli) an sabotaJi (ssk-is 318-e
muxli) Caidinos organizebulma jgufma, romelic eT-
nikur-separatistul ideologiur platformaze moqme-
debs da romelsac sargeblis miRebis mizani ar gaaCnia.
ssk-is 27-e muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT, msgavsi jgufi
organizebulad ver CaiTvleba ukanono sargeblis miRe-
bis miznis ararsebobis gamo, rac sruliad alogikur vi-
TarebaSi gvayenebs. rogorc zemoaRniSnulma, ruseTis
federaciis `mware~ gamocdilebam gvaCvena, sariskoa
organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis SezRudva konkretu-
52
ix. Kruessmann T. Organised Crime Policies: Russia, 2003. Перевод
Буряк М. http://www.crime.vl.ru/docs/stats/stat_84.htm, 2007
711
li mizniT. mizani, organizebul danaSaulebriobasTan
dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba iyos mxolod zogadad danaSau-
lebrivi saqmianoba. organizebuli danaSaulis cnebis
mkacr CarCoebSi moqceva Tavis droze ar isurva, aseve,
SeerTebuli Statebis kanonmdebelmac, Semoifargla
ra `rikos~ kanonSi zogadi terminebiT.53
53
ixileT zemoT Tavisufali interpretaciis koncefcia.
712
mexuTe kari
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia

http://www.indiatalkies.com/2011/01/money-laundering-charges-filed-exministers.html
samarTlis doqtori
goCa mamulaSvili
& 1. ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia rogorc orga-

nizebuli danaSaulis gamovlenis forma da Taname-
droveobis globaluri problema
`WuWyiani~ fuli organizebuli danaSaulis mamoZrave-

beli Zalaa, fulis garecxvis problemis aRmoceneba
pirdapir dakavSirebulia organizebul damnaSaveo-
basTan. swored amitom fulis garecxvasTan brZola
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani berketia organizebul dam-
naSaveobasTan sabrZolvelad. SemTxveviTi araa rom
samarTaldamcavTa Zalisxmeva pirvel rigSi mimarTu-
lia saerTaSoriso organizebuli danaSaulobis fin-
ansurad ganadgurebaze da ara ubralod maTi ukanono
saqmianobis gamovlenaze, magaliTisTvis, narkobaroni
advilad moaxerxebs konfiskebuli narkotikis partiis
axliT Secvlas (Sevsebas), magram gacilebiT gauWirdeba
CamorTmeuli aqtivebis (Semosavlebis) axliT Sevseba.
dResdReobiT fulis gaTeTrebam iseT masStabebs mi-
aRwia, rom finansuri da ekonomikuri ryevebis wyarod
SeiZleba gadaiqces nebismieri saxelmwifosTvis. or-
ganizebul damnaSaveobas SeuZlia kolosaluri fuladi
saSualebebis mobilizebiT zegavlena moaxdinos sav-
aluto kursze, safondo birJebze da aqedan gamomdin-
are ama Tu im qveynis ekonomikur politikazec.
maSasadame, fulis gaTeTreba organizebuli danaSau-

lobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi elementia, radgan danaSau-
715
lebrivma organizaciebma kriminaluri Semosavlebi ga-
mosayeneblad vargis resursebad unda gardaqmnan, ram-
eTu Semosavali, romelsac ver daxarjav Semosavlad ar
iTvleba. gaTeTrebis Sedegad danaSaulebriv Semosav-
lebs kanonieri saSualebebis respeqtabeluri saxe eZl-
eva, raTa is SemdgomSi Caidos (ganTavsdes) legalur
ekonomikaSi da finansur institutebSi. kriminalur
samyaros SesaZlebloba eZleva formalurad kanonier
safuZvelze gamoiyenos ukanono operaciebiT miRe-
buli Semosavlebi da amiT gaafarTovos da legalize-
buli gaxados Tavisi saqmianoba. es, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs
kriminaluri struqturebis politikuri gavlenis zr-
das, winaaRmdegobas regulirebis sistemis ganmtkice-
bisdmi. izrdeba korufcia saxelmwifo seqtorSi da
samarTaldarRvevebi finansur sferoSi. gaTeTrebis
operaciaSi CarTuli didi odenobis `Savi kapitali~
Zirs uTxris finansuri bazrebis simyares. ukontrolo
fuladi masis brunvaSi Cabma stimuls aZlevs infla-
cias. amgvarad, ukanono saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli
didi fuladi masa yovelTvis momakvdineblad aisaxeba
rogorc qveynis Sida, ise saerTaSoriso ekonomikur
sistemebze.
WuWyiani fuli safrTxes uqmnis konkurentul gare-

mosac. is damatebiT riskebs da xarjebs qmnis legaluri
biznesisTvis. Tavisufali ekonomikuri konkurencia se-
riozulad irRveva, roca saqmiani wreebis warmomadgen-
lebi TavianT operaciebs afinanseben aralegaluri wy-
aroebiT. sabazro konkurenciis normebi mniSvnelovnad
maxinjdeba mcire jgufebis (mafiozuri an aramafio-
zuri saqmiani wreebis) sasargeblod da mTeli koleq-
tiuri jgufis (legaluri mewarmeebis) sazianod. es ki
ara marto ekonomikaze, aramed mTel socialur sinamd-
vilezec aisaxeba.
716
gaero globalizaciis erT-erT tendenciad gamoyofs
msoflio ekonomikis integracias, rac ganapirobebs cv-
lilebebs saerTaSoriso damnaSaveobaSic.
msoflio ekonomikis integraciam warmoSva saerTaSor-

iso finansebis globalizacia da amis Sedegad ofSoru-
li bazrebis ganviTareba, ramac, erTis mxriv, xeli Seu-
wyo saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ganviTarebas da investire-
bis process, magram, meore mxriv, warmoSva globaluri
msoflio sistema Crdilovani ekonomikisa, romelic of-
Sorul zonebSi gadasaxadebiT ar ibegreba. finansuri
globalizaciis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom saerTa-
Soriso safinanso kompiuterul qselSi araCveulebri-
vad gaadvilda uzarmazari fuladi Tanxebis dedamiwis
erT kuTxidan meoreSi gadasrola. am tranzaqciebis
yoveldRiuri moculoba erT trilion dolars aRwevs.
Sedegad xdeba finansuri nakadebis mzardi daSoreba re-
aluri vaWrobisa da warmoebis moculobisgan. regionu-
li da dargobrivi finansuri bazrebis gaerTianeba er-
Tian msoflio finansur bazarSi, warmoSobs safinanso
sferoSi globalur monopoliebs, romelTac arnaxuli
zenacionaluri Zalaufleba aqvT msoflio bazrebze.
xSirad aseTi zenacionaluri komerciuli konglomer-
atebi wyveten ama Tu im nacionaluri ekonomikis keTil-
dReobas, romelTa saTaveSi arcTu iSviaTad transna-
cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulebrivi sazogadoe-
bebis liderebi arian. kapitalis moZraobis siswrafe
Tanamedrove globalur safinanso bazarze utoldeba
informaciis moZraobis siswrafes da bunebrivia bevrad
aWarbebs am procesebis gaazrebis siswrafes. trilion-
obiT dolari `cxeli~ fulis dartymis Zalas nebismieri
nacionaluri ekonomikis gadatrialeba SeuZlia.1
1
v. ovCinski, 21-e saukune mafiis winaaRmdeg, rus. enaze, m.,
2000, gv. 18-20.
717
amgvarad, fulis gaTeTrebis masStabebis gafarToebas
xeli Seuwyo ekonomikis globalizaciam. amave dros,
berlinis kedlis dangrevam da komunisturi reJimis
dasrulebam centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi daaC-
qara msoflio ekonomikis gardaqmnis procesi. postko-
munisturma qveynebma, romlebic manamde daxuruli iyo
saerTaSoriso finansuri urTierTobebisTvis, Secvales
Tavisi kanonmdebloba liberaluri mimarTulebiT da
kari gauRes sabazro ekonomikis principebs ucxour kap-
italdabandebaTa stimulirebisTvis. erTi socialur-
ekonomikuri sistemidan meoreze swrafma da mtkivneul-
ma gadasvlam gamoiwvia mZime Sedegebi, qaosi, warmoebis
dacema, siRaribis, damnaSaveobis da korufciis zrda.
am qveynebma ver moaswres ekonomikisa da sazogadoebis
dacvis meqanizmebis Seqmna. aman yvelaferma xeli Seuwyo
ekonomikuri damnaSaveobis ganviTarebas.
eqspertebis SefasebiT, bolo wlebSi fulis gaTeT-

rebis diversifikacias xeli Seuwyo iseTma faqtorebma,
rogoricaa: fuladi saSualebebis brunvis gaadvileba,
erTi qveynidan meoreSi didi odenobiT kapitalis Tavi-
suflad gadayvanis SesaZlebloba, zogierTi mTavrobis
mier ucxouri investiciebis stimulirebis da savaWro
operaciebis liberalizaciis politika, saTanado iu-
ridiuli bazis ar arseboba, danaSaulebrivi orga-
nizaciebis ufro efeqturi moqmedeba maRalkvalifici-
uri finansuri konsultaciebis gamoyenebiT. kerZod,
fulis gaTeTrebaSi CarTul organizebul damnaSaveebs
hyavT maRalkvalificiuri mrCevlebi (gate keeper —
karebis daraji), romlebic rCevebs aZleven maT fulis
garecxvis teqnologiebze, isini igoneben ekonomikuri
saqmianobis iseT sqemebs (modelebs), romliTac iniRbe-
ba kapitalis ukanono gadaadgileba.
718
amgvarad, evropuli Tanamegobrobis farglebSi 1992
wlidan moxda mTeli ekonomikuri da finansuri saqmi-
anobis saerTo liberalizacia, kapitalis gadaadg-
ilebis CaTvliT. aman danaSaulebriv organizaciebsac
gaumartiva saqmianoba ukanono Semosavlebis legal-
izaciisTvis. sabWoTa kavSiris daSla da maastrixtis
xelSekruleba istoriuli movlenebia, romlebmac didi
wvlili Seitanes msoflio ekonomikis SecvlaSi, romlis
SedegebiT organizebuli damnaSaveobac sargeblobs.
finansuri qmedebis specialuri jgufis (FATF) monace-

mebiT, yovelwliurad msoflioSi irecxeba 500 miliar-
didan 1,5 trilion aSS dolaramde. es sruliad sakmari-
sia mravali qveynis ekonomikuri sistemis dasangrevad,
aRarafers vambobT imaze, rom `WuWyiani~ fuli saerTa-
Soriso terorizmis finansuri bazaa, radgan, Zlieri
finansuri uzrunvelyofis gareSe didi teroristuli
aqtebi SeuZlebelia. swored amitomac fulis gaTeT-
reba XXI saukunis erT-erT saSiS safrTxed iTvleba da
masTan brZola saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis gansa-
kuTrebuli zrunvis sagnadaa qceuli. am safrTxidan ga-
momdinare msoflio Tanamegobrobam araerTi special-
uri konvencia miiRo fulis garecxvis yvela formis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, razec qvemoT gveqneba msj-
eloba.
& 2. fulis gaTeTrebis genezisi, xelSemwyobi pirobebi

da faqtorebi
eqspertebis varaudiT, Tanamedrove gagebiT fulis ga-

recxvis istoria iwyeba 1920-iani wlebidan, roca ame-
rikis SeerTebul StatebSi mSrali kanonis amoqmedebiT
mkveTrad gaizarda organizebuli damnaSaveoba. saxel-
719
dobr, aSS e.w. „mSrali kanoni~ krZalavda alkoholuri
sasmelebis Tavisufal brunvas, ramac saTave daudo al-
koholis masobriv kontrabandas (butlegeroba). amgva-
ri saqmianobiT miRebuli fuli ideboda mTeli qveynis
masStabiT samrecxaoebis qselis ganviTarebaSi, romel-
Ta angariSebidan miRebuli Semosavali ukve legalu-
rad gamoiyureboda. swored maSin `WuWyiani~ fulis le-
galizaciis am xerxs `garecxva~ uwodes, rac xatovnad
gadmoscemda aralegalurad miRebuli fulis legalu-
rad gardaqmnis procesis arss. ufro dakonkretebuli
versiiT, cnobilma amerikelma gangsterma alfonso
kaponem me-20 saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Cikagos terito-
riaze Seqmna samrecxao aparatebis qseli, romelis an-
gariSebzec recxavda reketiT, azartuli TamaSebiT da
prostituciiT naSovn fuls. TiTqosda inglisur vari-
antSi fulis legalizeba (gaTeTreba) iwodeba garecx-
vad, swored aqedan iRebs es termini (money laundering)
saTaves. aravin icis ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles es
maxvilgonivruli istoria, Tumca, es termini marTlac
zustad gamoxatavs fulis gaTeTrebis procesis arss.
procesis dasawyisSi TamaSSi Sedis WuWyiani fuli ro-
melic teqnologiuri damuSavebis rigi stadiebis gav-
lis Semdeg `sufTa~ xdeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom eqspertebi fulis garecxvis `naTli-

mamad~ polonuri warmoSobis niu-iorkel meier lanskis
Tvlian, dReisTvis fulis garecxvis cnobili xerxebis
umravlesobas mas miaweren. Tavisi kriminaluri talan-
tis wyalobiT, igi msoflioSi erT-erTi udidesi mafio-
zuri sindikatis meTauri gaxda.
termini `fulis garecxva~ pirvelad presaSi 1973 wels

gamoCnda, aSS prezident r. niqsonTan dakavSirebuli
uotergeitis skandalis dros. kerZod, saprezidento
720
saarCevno kampania finansdeboda anonimuri Semowiru-
lobebiT, romlebic, rogorc gvian gairkva, crumagieri
kompaniebidan Sesuli garecxili fuli iyo. Tumca maSin
fulis garecxva arsad danaSaulad ar iTvleboda.
1980-iani wlebidan aSS-Si aralegalurad miRebuli Savi

fulis legalurad gardaqmnis procesi iwodeba fulis
gaTeTrebad. misi definicia efuZneba organizebuli da-
naSaulis Sesaxeb aSS saprezidento komisiis mier 1984
wels gakeTebul ganmartebas, romlis mixedviT, fulis
garecxva es aris procesi, romlis meSveobiTac ifareba
ukanono Semosavlis arseboba, warmoSoba an gamoyeneba
da Semdeg es Semosavlebi iniRbeba imgvarad, TiTqos mas
kanonieri warmomavloba hqondes.
aSS senatis saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis komitetma da

narkotikebsa da terorizmTan brZolis qvekomitetma
fulis garecxvis mTeli procesi sam ZiriTad stadiad
dayo:
1. naRdi valutis miReba, konsolidacia da ganTavseba.

naRdi fulis legalur brunvaSi Sesayvanad damnaSave
iZulebulia gamoiyenos sabanko angariSebi, safosto
gzavnilebi, samgzavro Cekebi da sxva instrumentebi
naRdi valutis sabanko sistemaSi Casanergad.
2. konservacia – am etapze fulis `mrecxavebi~ fulad
saSualebebs aSoreben danaSaulebrivi warmoSobis
wyaros. am mizniT fulis gadasaadgileblad, isini iy-
eneben sabanko angariSebis da kompaniebis maqsimalur
raodenobas. ixlarTeba finansuri transaqciebis
rTuli qseli, romlis ZiriTadi amocanaa finansuri
angariSgebis nebismieri kvalis waSla.
3. garecxili saSualebebis repatriacia an integra-
cia legalur organizaciebSi – fuli mimoqcevaSi
721
brundeba sufTa da xSirad gadasaxadiT dasabegri
Semosavlis formiT. rac ufro naklebia Tanxa, miT
ufro swrafia es procesi.2
rogorc vxedavT, fulis garecxva _ es aris procesi,

moqmedebaTa seria, romelic miznad isaxavs ukanono
warmomavlobis fulis an sxva Semosavlis finansur ba-
zarze dabrunebas, Semosavlis kanonierad warmoCenas.
es procesi SeiZleba erT qveyanaSi ganxorcieldes, Ses-
aZloa ramdenime qveynis teritoriazec. ukanono kapi-
talis gaTeTrebisken mimarTuli moqmedebebi sxvadasx-
va teqnologiebis (sqemebis) meSveobiT xorcieldeba.
fulis garecxvis klasikuri sqemebi moicaven naRdi

fuliT operaciebis ganxorcielebas, sabanko da sxva
finansuri institutebis momsaxurebis borotad gam-
oyenebas, operaciebs ZviradRirebuli moZravi da uZ-
ravi qonebiT, azartul TamaSebs. bolo dros am sqe-
maSi farTod CaerTo ofSoruli finansuri kompaniebi,
internetis qseli, fuladi saSualebebis gadayvanis
arasabanko sistema, saqonliT da momsaxurebiT saer-
TaSoriso vaWroba. fulis garecxvis meTodebi uamra-
via. yvelaze martivi sqema pirdapir Semosavlis miRebis
adgilas xorcieldeba. magaliTad, damnaSave Savi fu-
liT yidulobs azartul TamaSSi (vTqvaT, doRi) an la-
tariaSi mogebul bileTs misi mflobelisgan, xolo
Semdeg waradgens am bileTs asanazRaureblad. am gziT
miRebuli Tanxa ukve kanonieri Semosavalia. aseTi
sqema vargisia erTjeradi (an epizoduri) legalizebi-
sTvis. uwyveti danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis mudmivi
garecxvisTvis sqemaSi erTvebian iseTi dawesebulebebi,
romelTac naRd fulTan aqvT saqme – barebi da restor-
nebi, avtosamrecxaoebi, sxvadasxva saxis gaqiravebis
2
Кордобовская М., Грязные деньги века // offshore express.—2005. —N
5(29). _ с. 16-22.
722
punqtebi da sxva. principi erTia – ukanono fuli er-
Tiandeba kanonier mogebasTan da aRiricxeba, rogorc
kanonierad moqmedi sawarmos saerTo Semosavali.
Tu damnaSave Tavis qveyanaSi saeWvo Semosavlebis gamo-

Cenas ver axerxebs, fulis gasarecxad sazRvargareT mo-
qmedebs. am SemTxvevaSi man pirvel rigSi unda gaitanos
fuli misi warmoSobis qveynidan. oficialuri sabanko
sistemis gverdis avliT es SesaZlebelia fulis fizi-
kuri gadataniT, oqrosa da Zvirfasi qvebis SeZeniT da
kontrabandiT, Tumca es sariskoa, radgan sabaJo kon-
trolia gasavleli. magram gamosavali aqac aris, arse-
bobs profesional kurierTa firmebi, romlebic naRd
fuls dedamiwis nebismier kuTxeSi miitanen.
`WuWyiani~ kapitalis sazRvargareT gasatanad zogjer

misi fizikurad gadaadgileba sulac araa saWiro, ker-
Zod, farTo gavrceleba pova urTierTCaTvlebis meqa-
nizmma. es sqema iatakqveSa bankebis sistemis safuZve-
lia, romlebic sokoebiviT mravldeba nacionaluri
diasporebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tu dam-
naSaves dasWirdeba fulis gadatana Tavisi qveynidan
sazRvargareT, igi mimarTavs iatakqveSa banks da Seaqvs
Tanxa. iatakqveSa banki agzavnis kodirebul Setyobine-
bas Tavis korespondent bankTan sazRvargareT, Sesabam-
isi Tanxis Caricxvis Sesaxeb klientis sazRvargareTul
sabanko angariSze (sakomisios gamoklebiT). amasTanave,
faqtobrivad fuli arsad ar gadaadgildeba. roca
vinmes fulis gadatana klientis qveyanaSi dasWird-
eba, swored maSin moxdeba fuladi Tanxebis urTierT-
CaTvla. aseTi operaciis gakontroleba praqtikulad
SeuZlebelia. misi saidumloeba gamyarebulia ojaxuri
kavSirebiTa da ndobiT, rac arsebobs sazRvargareT
mcxovrebi nacionaluri diasporis (Temebis) warmomad-
genlebs Soris.
723
iatakqveSa sabanko saqmianoba aziaSi warmoiSva. es
sistema gverds uvlis legalur sabanko procedurebs.
aseTi sabanko sistemisken klientebs ubiZgebs sxvadasx-
va mizezebi: es, erTi mxriv, sazogadoebisTvis misaRebi
momsaxurebaa, magaliTad: Rarib qveynebSi mcxovrebi na-
TesavebisTvis umniSvnelo Tanxebis gadayvanisas saga-
dasaxado mosakreblis gverdis avliT, magram, meore
mxriv, es absoluturad danaSaulebrivi saqmianobaa,
magaliTad narkotrefikis an terorizmis dafinansebis
dros.
iatakqveSa sabanko sistema sxvadasxva saxeliTaa cnobi-

li, magaliTad, CinelebisTvis rogorc sabanko sistema
`chop chop,~ indoeTis subkontinentze – rogorc
sistema `Chi,~ `Hundi~ da `Hawalla.~ laTinoamerikeleb-
isTvis `Stash House.~ emigraciis gamoisobiT am ter-
minma farTo gavrceleba miiRo CrdiloeT amerikaSic.
iatakqveSa sabanko sistemas safuZvlad udevs ndoba, mis
gareSe is daingreva. termini `Hawalla~ (gadasaxleba) niS-
navs organizebul iatakqveSa sabanko sistemas, romelic
moqmedebs saerTaSoriso doneze da dafuZnebulia emi-
grantebisa da vaWrebis mier, romlebic gadasaxldnen
sxva qveynebSi. iatakqveSa bankebi axorcieleben rogorc
aralegaluri vaWrobiT dagrovili fuladi Tanxebis
gadagzavnas, aseve danaSaulebrivi saqmianobiT miRe-
buli, anda ukanono savaWro operaciebisTvis gankuTv-
nili mniSvnelovani kapitalis gadayvanas sxva qveyanaSi
mosyidvis, an iZulebis safuZvelze. havalas sistema
sakmaod operatiulia da misi muSaobis wesi arsebiTad
emTxveva finansuri operaciebis ganxorcielebis wess
fulis garecxvis dros. havalas bankirebi axorcieleben
rogorc fuladi Tanxis pirdapir gadayvanas, aseve ko-
merciul operaciebs, gascemen fulad sesxebs da sxva.3
3
Освальдо кукуцца, Отмывание денег и мировая экономика, в сбор-
нике ГЕОЭКОНОМИКА, Перевод с итал, Карло Жан, Паоло Савона,
724
amgvarad, iatakqveSa sabanko sistema WuWyiani fulis
garecxvis erTerTi xelSemwyobi faqtoria.
danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli fuladi aqtivebis ga-

dasayvanad, cxadia, gamoiyeneba oficialuri sabanko
sistemac. organizebuli danaSaulebrivi saqmianobiT
miRebuli kapitalis didi moculoba sabanko sistemas
gverds ver auvlis fulis garecxvis TvalsazrisiT.
naRdi fuli bankebSi sxvadasxva xerxiT xvdeba. sabanko
Cekebis martivi SeZenidan gadadian mimdinare angariSe-
bis an Semnaxveli anabrebis gaxsnaze (ZiriTadad war-
momdgenze). am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi sifrTxilis meti
zomebia dasacavi, radgan didi Tanxebis deponireba
SeumCneveli ar rCeba. qveynebis umravlesobis sabanko
sistema didi Tanxebis deponirebasTan dakavSirebul
operaciebs (garigebebs) yuradRebiT aanalizebs. magram
damnaSaveebi aqac pouloben gamosavals, kerZod, Sesa-
Zlebelia naRdi fulis gadayvana CekebSi, oficialuri
Tu araoficialuri firmebis meSveobiT msxvili Tanxe-
bis danawevreba (struqturirebis meqanizmi), garigebis
anonimurobis garantiis miReba, bankis mosamsaxureTa
mosyidva. axla xSirad mimarTaven crumagieri firmebis
Seqmnas. aseT firmebs SeuZliaT ara marto daasabuTon
didi odenobis naRdi fulis deponirebis aucileblo-
ba, aramed gaamarTlon am Tanxebis sazRvargareT gaday-
vanis aucilebloba.
rogorc ki, fuli sazRvargareT aRmoCndeba, iwyeba fu-

lis gaTeTrebis momdevno etapi. gamocdili krimina-
lebi afuZneben ofSorul kompaniebs, romlebic fulis
gaTeTrebisTvis saukeTeso pirobebiT sargebloben.
fulis garecxvis zogierTi specialisti xsnis sakuTar
М. 1997; Анатолий Судоплатов, Экономическая безопасность//Ста-
тус-кво-2003; N1, с.42-49.
725
banks (aris qveynebi, sadac es martivi proceduraa), gaa-
tarebs fuls am bankSi, Semdgom gadaiyvans sxva bankSi da
maSinve daxuravs mas, an finansur operaciasTan dakav-
Sirebul yvela dokuments gaanadgurebs.
fulis garecxvis saukeTeso xerxad miiCneven mis ga-

tarebas iseT biznesSi, sadac naRdi valuta absolu-
turad legaluria da angariSsworebis tradiciuli
saSualebaa. magaliTad, antikvariatiT vaWroba, swrafi
kvebis sawarmoebi, barebi, restornebi da kazino.
finansur wreebSi fiqroben, rom oficialur arxebSi

gamavali WuWyiani fuli saerTo Tanxis SedarebiT mcire
nawils Seadgens. magaliTad, specialistebi Tvlian,
rom saqarTveloSi fuladi masis 80% sabanko sistemis
gareT brunavs. aqedan gamomdinare, arasabanko seqtor-
Si fulis gaTeTrebis maRali riski arsebobs. am risks
amaRlebs didi odenobiT naRdi fulis brunva. SezRud-
vebis ar arseboba naRdi fulis brunvaze, kriminaluri
warmomavlobis didi odenobis Tanxebis konvertaciis
SesaZleblobas iZleva.
fulis garecxvisTvis aranaklebi SesaZleblobebi aqvs

arasabanko finansuri momsaxurebis bazars. magaliTad,
msoflio bankis monacemebiT, ukrainis sadazRvevo ba-
zarze operaciebis did nawils araferi aqvs saerTo daz-
RvevasTan da moqnili instrumentia an gadasaxadisaTvis
Tavis asarideblad, anda igive fulis gaTeTrebisTvis
(magaliTad, sazRvargareT gadazRvevis meSveobiT).4
sul axlaxans, 2011 wlis TebervalSi, seriozul
ekonomikur danaSaulSi amxiles qarTuli sadazRve-
vo sistemac, kerZod, jandacvis dazRvevis seqtori,
4
Дмитрий Горюнов; Большая стирка; Последствия борьбы с отмыва-
нием денег в Украине скорее негативны. 6/12 2002. http://bin.ua/news/
finance/finances/20677.
726
romelsac saqarTveloSi sadazRvevo momsaxurebis 84%
ukavia, mimdinareobs gamoZieba. hipoTeturad, SesaZle-
belia fulis gasaTeTreblad gamoyenebuli iqnes Cveni
sadazRvevo sistemac, magaliTad, dagrovebadi sicocx-
lis dazRveva da sapensio dazRveva, Tu ar moxdeba piris
identifikacia. am dros klienti agrovebs Tanxas sadaz-
Rvevo kompaniaSi da Semdeg gaitans rogorc legalurs.
Tu pirs dagrovebadi sicocxlis dazRveva hqonda vTq-
vaT 70 wlis miRwevamde, SeuZlia vadaze adrec Sewyvi-
tos xelSekruleba da gaitanos Tanxa, rasac kanonieri
saxe eqneba.
rac Seexeba gadazRvevis meqanizms, gadazRvevas erTi

sadazRveo kompania axdens meoresTan da Tavad dazRveu-
li piri ar monawileobs amaSi. aq albaT Tavad sadazRveo
kompaniebi unda Sevidnen korufciul garigebaSi fulis
gasaTeTreblad.
fulis gaTeTrebis sqemebi sxvadasxva qveynebSi gansx-

vavebulia, xSirad icvleba da Sesabamisad drois nebi-
smieri momentisTvis SeuZlebelia fulis gaTeTrebis
meTodebisa da meqanizmebis sruli da calsaxa CamonaT-
valis dadgena.
specialistebis SefasebiT postsabWoTa qveynebSi fu-

lis gaTeTrebis gavrcelebuli xerxebia: naRdi fulis
gadaricxva crumagieri pirebis angariSze Tanxebis da-
nawevrebiT, naRdi fulis gatana qveynidan kurierebis
daxmarebiT an kontrabanduli gziT, ucxouri banke-
bis daxmarebiT Semdgomi repatriaciis mizniT, fulis
namdvili warmomavlobis SeniRbva (angariSebi ucxour
bankebSi, ganTavseba sainvesticio kompaniebSi, fasiani
qaRaldebis, antikvariatis, uZravi qonebis SeZena saz-
RvargareT da sxva), fiqtiuri kontraqtebi saqonlis
727
miwodebaze an sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevaze,
gadaxda (angariSsworeba) akreditiviT da sxva.
fulis garecxvis ZiriTadi amocanaa didi odenobiT
ukanono naRdi fulis an sxva qonebis gadayvana advilad
marTvad finansur instrumentebSi, an sakuTrebis sxva
saxeebSi.
fulis gaTeTrebis xelSemwyob faqtorebze msjelobi-

sas gverds ver avuvliT sabanko da fiskaluri oazisebis
problemas.5 ekonomikuri aspeqtiT finansuri oazisebi
mdebareobs im qveynebSi, romelTac mcire ekonomikuri
potenciali aqvT, damokidebuli arian ucxour daxmare-
baze. maTi kanonmdebloba gansakuTrebul SeRavaTebs
5
finansuri oazisebiT pirveli mosargebleni mekobreebi
iyvnen, romlebic me-17 saukunis dasawyisidan Tavs esxmod-
nen savaWro xomaldebs. maTac uxdebodaT naZarcvi qonebis
`garecxva”. TavianTi arcTu ioli saqmianobiT daRlili me-
kobreebi cdilobdnen `wynar havanebSi” dasaxlebas, sadac
mSvidad gaatarebdnen darCenili sicocxlis wlebs. finans-
uri oazisebis macxovreblebs Zalian uyvardaT korsarebi,
romlebic dauzogavad flangavdnen mTel qonebas. xmelTaSua
zRvis qalaqi saxelmwifoebi erTmaneTs ecilebodnen Tavis
teritoriaze daesaxlebinaT yofili mekobreebi TavianTi
uricxvi simdidriT. isec xdeboda, rom nostalgiiT Sepyrobi-
li mekobreebi naZarcvi qonebiT yidulobdnen Tanamoqalaqe-
Ta patiebas. magaliTad, 1612 wels moxda movlena, romelic
SeiZleba CaiTvalos danaSaulebrivi fulis amnistirebis
pirvel SemTxvevad, kerZod, mekobreebs, romlebmac Sew-
yvites TavianTi xeloba, inglisma sruli amnistia SesTavaza,
dagrovili qonebis SenarCunebis uflebiT. dRes analogiur
xelSekrulebas sTavazoben zogierT saxelmwifos msxvili
narkobaronebi. cnobilia isic, rom mekobre morganis STamo-
mavlebma niu-orkSi bankebis sistema Seqmnes. Анатолий Судо-
платов, Экономическая безопасность; Статус-кво-2003-N1, с.42-49;
Теневая экономика и экономическая преступность; Электронный
учебник;www.osi.ru;htpp//osi.omskreg.ru. Кордобовская М., Грязные
деньги века// offshore express.—2005.—N 5(29)._ с. 16-22
728
iTvaliswinebs fizikuri an/da iuridiuli pirebisTvis
rogorc sagadasaxado, ise sabanko sferoSi. am qveyneb-
is damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens: sabanko
saidumlos mkacrad dacva, sakredito institutebi
klientebs absoluturi anonimurobis garantias aZlev-
en, finansuri gamoZiebis Catareba akrZalulia an Sez-
Rudulia, samarTlebrivi daxmareba ucxouri saga-
moZiebo komisiebisadmi ar xdeba, sagadasaxado tvirTi
msubuqia an saerTod ar arsebobs, rac gansakuTrebiT
mimzidvelia da momgebiania fuladi anabrebis, kapi-
taldabandebisa da savaluto operaciebisTvis. ZiriTa-
di damaxasiaTebeli niSani mainc sabanko sistemis her-
metuloba da privilegirebuli sagadasaxado sistemaa.
politikuri aspeqtiT finansuri oazisebi xasiaTdeba
stabiluri da erTgvarovani mTavrobebiT (xSirad to-
talitaruli), romelTac SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon mem-
kvidreobiToba politikaSi da ekonomikuri da savalu-
to regulirebis xangrZlivi stabiluroba.
finansur oazisebs warmoadgens rogorc mravalricxo-

vani yofili koloniebi (honkongi, seiSelis, antaliis
kunZulebi da sxva), romlebmac mTlianad an nawilo-
briv miiRes politikuri da ekonomikuri damoukide-
bloba, magram dakarges metropoliebis (kolonizatori
qveynebis) finansuri mxardaWera, aseve evropis zogi-
erTi qveyana, romelsac mcire teritoria da sawarmoo
simZlavreebi aqvT (andora, lixtenSteini, luqsembur-
gi, normandiis kunZulebi).
magaliTad, lamanSis srutis kunZulebi (jersi, gvernsi,

sarki) did britaneTSi Sedis, magram sruli finansuri
damoukideblobiT sargebloben samefosgan da evrokav-
Sirisgan. isini integrirebulni ar arian evropis Tana-
megobrobaSi da sargebloben ofSoruli statusiT.
729
maTi sabanko da sagadasaxado sistema klientebs gansa-
kuTrebul SeRavaTebs sTavazobs saerTaSoriso finan-
suri garigebebis dros. amis gamo iq bankebis da saSuama-
vlo firmebis didi raodenobaa. am kunZulebs fiskalur
oazisad aqcevs is, rom aq ar arsebobs sabaJo, memkvi-
dreobis, dRg gadasaxadebi. liberaluri sagadasaxado
sistema da sabanko saidumlos Seuvaloba am kunZulebs
mimzidvels xdis.
kaimanis kunZulebi inglisis yofili koloniebia, dRes

sruli Tavisufleba aqvT. maTi ekonomikuri sistema
mTel rig SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebs, ar arsebobs saSe-
mosavlo, dRg da sxva gadasaxadebi. garda amisa, savalu-
to reJimi absoluturad Tavisufalia, nebadarTulia
rogorc kunZulebs Soris, ise maT farglebs miRma nebi-
smieri Tanxis nebismier valutaSi gadayvana. kunZuleb-
is avtonomia cota xnis win SezRuda aSS-s mTavrobam,
romlis gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom kaimanis kunZule-
bi samxreTamerikeli narkomovaWreebisTvis fulis
garecxvis mTavar centrad iqca. aSS mTavrobam am kun-
ZulebTan miaRwia SeTanxmebas, romlis ZaliTac dasaS-
vebia im firmebis saqmianobis Seswavla, romlebic eWvmi-
tanilni arian narkotikebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi.
fiskaluri oazisebi gaCnda evropis CarCoebSic. magal-
iTad, uaRresad dabali sagadasaxado tarifi, monakos
klasikur fiskalur oazisad aqcevs.
andoras mosaxleoba cxovrobs sagadasaxado Tavisu-

flebis xarjze. misi sabanko sistema araviTari kanonmde-
blobiT ar regulirdeba. es aris evropuli honkongi.6
bankebis qveyanaSi – SveicariaSi, sabanko saidumlo aRar

6
klaus kotke, `WuWyiani fuli~, Targmani rusul enaze, mos-
kovi, 1998, gv.307.
730
warmoadgens imave xarisxiT daculs, rogorc adre iyo
aRsarebis saidumlosaviT. fulis garecxvasTan brZo-
lis mizniT Sveicariam mTeli rigi valdebulebebi aiRo
– klientebis savaldebulo identifikacia bankebis
mier, maTi Semosavlebis Semowmeba (deklalireba), sa-
banko saidumlos gamJRavnebis SesaZlebloba kanoniT
dadgenil SemTxvevaSi da sxva. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom
saerTaSoriso kapitalis mzrunveli Semnaxvelis fun-
qcia Sveicariisgan miitaca avstriam, ungreTma da ze-
moaRniSnulma evropulma patara saxelmwifoebma. spe-
cialuri normebis safuZvelze sxvadasxva SeRavaTebis
meSveobiT maT TavianT sabanko sistemebSi kapitalis
mniSvnelovani nakadebi miizides. Seiqmna safrTxe (ris-
ki) rom es qveynebi fulis garecxvis navsayudelad iq-
ceodnen.
k. kotke wers: Tavisi mimzidvelobiT, avstriulma sa-

banko saidumloebam gadaaWarba Sveicariuls. am qvey-
nebSi ara marto garantirebulia fuladi anabrebis
anonimuroba, aramed mTeli rigi upiratesobebia fu-
ladi saSualebebis gansaTavseblad (magaliTad, kapi-
talidan Semosavali ibegreba 25%). WuWyiani fulis
dafarvis SesaZlebloba didia. Semnaxveli wignakebis
anonimurobis dacvas didi tradiciebi aqvs. Semnaxveli
angariSis warmoeba xdeba legitimaciis gareSe, daSve-
bulia cifruli angariSebic. Tumca avstria ar aris
sagadasaxado oazisi. 1993 wlis 1 ianvridan avstriuli
bankebi valdebulni arian klientebis identificireba
moaxdinon zRvruli Tanxebis zemoT tranzaqciebis
ganxorcielebisas.7
roca fulis gaTeTrebis genezisze vsaubrobT, gverds

ver avuvliT sakiTxs ukanono Semosavlebis wyaroebis
7
klaus kotke, dasax. naSromi, gv. 294-305.
731
Sesaxeb. saxeldobr, saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobisTvis
sakamaToa, Tu romeli wyarodan miRebuli Semosavlis
legalizaciaa danaSauli _ nebismieri samarTaldar-
Rvevidan Tu mxolod danaSaulidan (an mZime danaSau-
lidan). am sakiTxis garkvevas principuli mniSvneloba
aqvs, radgan fulis gaTeTreba ar arsebobs TavisTavad,
igi yovelTvis meoradia da mas win uswrebs predikatu-
li samarTaldarRveva. es ukanaskneli fulis garecxvis
ganuyofeli nawilia da piris msjavrdebisTvis aucile-
belia damtkicdes predikatuli samarTaldarRvevis
(danaSaulis) faqti. maSasadame, fulis gaTeTrebis nor-
ma isea Camoyalibebuli kanonmdeblis mier, rom mas da-
moukideblad ver gamoiyeneb da sWirdeba tandemi sxva
normasTan, predikatul samarTaldarRvevasTan, said-
anac miRebulia Semosavali. fulis garecxvis danaSau-
lis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa misi damxmare xasi-
aTi. fulis garecxvasTan brZolis kanonis mizania ara
mxolod Savi fulis garecxvis aRkveTa, aramed im dana-
SaulTa gamovlena, romelic safuZvlad udevs fulis
garecxvas da mis inicirebas iwvevs. garda amisa, ukanono
Semosavlis amoReba da konfiskaciis efeqturad gamoy-
eneba SesaZlebelia predikatuli danaSaulis guldas-
miT gamoZiebis safuZvelzec.
fulis garecxvasTan sisxlissamarTlebrivi brZolis

nacionaluri sistemebi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba swored
im saqmianobis xasiaTze damokidebulebiT, rac Semosav-
lis wyaro gaxda da romlis gaTeTrebisTvisac dadge-
nilia pasuxismgebloba.
saxelmwifoTa erTi jgufi sisxlissamarTlebriv pa-

suxismgeblobas adgens danaSaulebrivi saqmianobidan
miRebuli Semosavlebis legalizaciisTvis: aSS, Ggerma-
nia, belgia, safrangeTi, poloneTi, ukraina da sxv.
732
meore jgufs Seadgenen qveynebi, sadac sisxlissamarT-
lebriv pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs Semosavlebis legal-
izacia, romelic miRebulia ara marto danaSaulebrivi,
aramed sxva ukanono saqmianobidanac – maT Sorisaa, mag-
aliTad, saqarTvelo, yazaxeTi.
dasavleT evropis yvela qveyanaSi, romelsac fulis ga-

TeTrebasTan brZolis Sesaxeb kanonmdebloba aqvs, sisx-
lis samarTlis wesiT dasjadia kriminaluri Semosav-
lebis legalizacia iseTi danaSaulebidan, rogoricaa:
narkobiznesi, iaraRiT vaWroba, trefikingi, terorizmi.
narkotikebiT vaWroba da reketi yovelTvis iTvlebo-

da `WuWyiani~ fulis ZiriTad wyarod. 1980-iani wlebis
bolos saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebiT saqmianobis kidev
ramdenime sfero ganisazRvra, saidanac miRebuli Se-
mosavali dakvalificirdeba rogorc `WuWyiani.~ es
CamonaTvali moicavs Zarcvas, TaRliTobas, adamianis
motacebas gamosasyidis misaRebad, agreTve, fiskalur
danaSaulebs. `WuWyian~ fulad unda CaiTvalos saer-
TaSoriso sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisaTvis an
calkeuli saxelmwifoebis biujetidan moparuli fu-
lic (magaliTad, filipinebis diqtator markosis mier
moparuli miliardebi).
istoriulad bevr qveyanaSi fulis garecxvasTan brZo-

la daiwyo narkotikebTan brZoliT da mxolod mogvi-
anebiT gavrcelda sxva, pirvel rigSi, mZime danaSaule-
bze. marTlac, Tavdapirvelad yvela saerTaSoriso
SeTanxmeba `WuWyian~ fulad Tvlida mxolod narkobi-
znesidan miRebul fuls. magram radganac organizebu-
li damnaSaveoba amis paralelurad mravali sxva saxis
danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweva, droTa ganmavlobaSi
`WuWyian~ fulad Tvlidnen danaSaulebrivi gziT miRe-
bul yovelgvar fuls.
733
dResac bevr qveyanaSi fulis gaTeTreba danaSaulad
iTvleba mxolod maSin, roca igi dakavSirebulia nar-
kotikebis ukanono brunvasTan (argentina, Cile, meqsi-
ka, luqsemburgi da sxva). magram dRes saerTaSoriso Ta-
namegobroba SeTanxmda imaze, rom fulis garecxva nar-
kotikebis ukanono brunvis farglebs gamcdari prob-
lemaa da ukavSirdeba transnacionaluri damnaSaveobis
sxva saxeebs, rom fulis gaTeTreba ara marto marTl-
wesrigis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxia, aramed finansuri da
ekonomikuri sakiTxic da SeuZlia seriozuli safrTxe
Seuqmnas finansuri da komerciuli sistemis mTliano-
bas, saimedobas da stabilurobas. amitom saWiroebs
saerTaSoriso koordinirebul midgomas. magaliT-
isTvis, avstriis ssk danaSaulad acxadebs yvela saxis
aqtivebis garecxvas, romelic miRebulia seriozuli
danaSaulebis Cadenis Sedegad. belgiis ssk fulis gaTe-
Trebis safuZvlad miiCnevs yvela danaSauls. germani-
aSi danaSaulebrivi organizaciis wevris mier nebism-
ieri danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlis
garecxva kvalificirdeba danaSaulad.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mravali qveynis kanonebi (aSS, saber-

ZneTi, belgia da sxva) Seicaven kriminaluri saqmianobis
(predikatuli danaSaulis) specialur siebs, rac fulis
garecxvis safuZvelia.
dReisTvis, predikatuli danaSaulis siebi, rac fu-

lis garecxvis mniSvnelovani wyaroa sakmaod farToa.
evrokavSiris qveynebi ebrZvian Semosavlis garecxvas
iseTi saxis danaSaulidan (ZiriTadad mZime) rogoricaa
iaraRiT, narkotikebiT, antikvaruli nivTebiT, adami-
aniT da adamianis organoebiT vaWroba, aseve teroriz-
mi, prostitucia, TaRliToba, SantaJi da Zarcva.
734
fulis gaTeTrebis predikatul danaSaulTa siebi
cvalebadia. misi Sevseba xdeba ama Tu im qveynebis mier
saWiroebis an maTi mzaobis mixedviT gamoiZion fulis
gaTeTrebis sxva wyaroebic.
amgvarad, sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdebloba gansxvavde-

ba im qmedebaTa CamonaTvaliT, romelic WuWyiani fulis
warmoSobis wyaros warmoadgens. aseT wyarod SeiZleba
miCneuli iqnes: nebismieri danaSauli, organizebuli
damnaSaveobisTvis tipiuri danaSaulebi, samarTaldar-
Rvevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia narkotikebis uka-
nono brunvasTan. amis Sesabamisad, qveynebis erT jguf-
Si fulis garecxvasTan brZolis Sesaxeb kanonebi kon-
centrirebulia nebismieri ukanono garigebiT miRebul
Semosavlebze, meore jgufSi – mxolod kriminaluri
saqmianobidan miRebul Semosavlebze. romeli wyarodan
miRebuli ukanono Semosavlis devnas ganaxorcielebs
esa Tu is qveyana, es damokidebulia mis survilsa da un-
arze ebrZolos aseT Semosavlebs. magaliTad, zogierT
qveyanaSi gadasaxadisTvis Tavis arideba danaSaulia,
sxvagan es ukanono, magram kriminalur saqmianobas ar
warmoadgens.
sxvadasxva qveyana Taviseburad (diskreciulad) wyvets

Seitanos Tu ara predikatul danaSaulTa siaSi iseTi
danaSauli rogoricaa: gadasaxadis gadauxdeloba,
komerciuli saidumlos darRveva, korufcia. gaaCnia
ras isaxavs miznad kanonmdebeli – danaSaulTan brZo-
las, Tu ufro farTod ukanono qmedebebTan brZolas.
fiskalur danaSaulebTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva
qveynebs gansakuTrebiT gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvT.
es imiT aixsneba, rom am dros damnaSaveebi finansur
dawesebulebebSi absoluturad legalurad ganTavse-
buli fuliT operireben. gadasaxadis gadauxdelobiT
miRebuli fulis garecxva gansxvavdeba fulis gaTeT-
735
rebis klasikuri operaciebisagan imiT, rom am SemTx-
vevaSi fuli SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes kanonieri gziT.
amave dros, aRsaniSnavia, rom gadasaxadis gadauxdelo-
biT dagrovili Tanxa isev komerciul brunvaSi eqceva
da amgvarad TeTrdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, rasac saga-
moZiebo samsaxurebi statistikas floben gadauxdel
gadasaxadebze, faqtobrivad es cifrebi fiskaluri da-
naSauliT miRebuli fulis gaTeTrebis moculobasac
asaxaven ama Tu im qveyanaSi. (samwuxarod Cven es cifrebi
srulad ver movipoveT).
unda aRiniSnos, isic, rom predikatuli samarTaldar-

Rvevebis mxolod danaSauliT Semofargvlas erTi na-
kli aqvs. saxeldobr, fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolaSi
gansakuTrebuli roli ekisreba sasamarTlo sistemas.
fulis garecxvaSi kerZo pirTa braldebis dros sa-
samarTlosTvis gansakuTrebul sirTules warmoadgens
imis damtkiceba, rom sakuTreba, romelic garecxvis
meqanizmSia CarTuli, ukanono, danaSaulebrivi saqmi-
anobiT miRebuli Semosavalia, gaTeTreba ganxorciel-
da garkveuli mizniT, eWvmitanilma icoda sakuTrebis
ukanono warmoSobis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis, rom Semosavali
danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebulad CaiTvalos, saWiroa
saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela proce-
duris dacva, savaldebuloa sasamarTlos gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeni, romliTac dadgenilia, rom Semosavali
miRebulia swored danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad. es marT-
lac problemaa, kanonmdebloba unda gamoirCeodes
moqnilobiT da iTvaliswinebdes swrafi reagirebis
SesaZleblobas fulis gaTeTrebis axali finansuri
instrumentebis gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram,
meore mxriv, Semosavlis legalizaciis sagnis amgvar
gafarToebas ver gaumklavdeba sasamarTlo sistema.
saxeldobr, vercerTi samarTlebrivi sistema ver Se-
736
Zlebs iseTi sainformacio nakadis damuSavebas, rac
dakavSirebulia nebismieri ukanono (dausabuTebeli)
Semosavlis warmomavlobis garkvevasTan. Tanac, fulis
gaTeTrebasTan brZolis strategiuli mizani organi-
zebuli danaSaulis damarcxebaa da ara zogadad saeWvo
SemosavlebTan brZola.
calke gansjis sagania faruli (Crdilovani, araofi-

cialuri) ekonomikuri saqmianoba, rac ukanono Semosav-
lis miRebis erT-erTi wyaroa.8
Crdilovani ekonomika, pirvel rigSi, moicavs regis-

traciis gareSe ekonomikur aqtivobas, rac faruli kap-
italis wyaroa. garda amisa, meurne subieqtebi Crdil-
ovani ekonomikis sawarmoeblad ewevian ormag buRal-
terias (TavisTvis da saxelmwifosTvis), daqiravebul
pirTa Sromis anazRaurebas uwyisiT da `konvertiT~ (uw-
yisSi xelfasi naklebia, konvertSi meti, damsaqmebeli
xSirad dabal xelfasebs afiqsirebs uwyisebSi, raTa na-
klebi gadasaxadi gadaixados, xelze ki gacilebiT mets
uxdis daqiravebul pirs), oficialuri Semosavlebis da
dasabegri mogebis Semcirebas realurTan SedarebiT,
angariSsworebas naRdi fuliT da sxva.
faruli mewarmeobis aRkveTisTvis saxelmwifoebrivi

zemoqmedebis RonisZiebaTa sistemaSi erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani adgili ukavia Crdilovani Semosavlebis le-
galizaciasTan brZolas.
8
А. Шестаков Теневая экономика; Москва,2000; Теневая экономика и
экономическая преступность; Электронный учебник;www.osi.ru;htpp//
osi.omskreg.ru; Сергей Аврин, Конференция `Отмывание денег в России
и банки~, БАНКОВСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 4' 98, www.bizcom.ru; Анато-
лий Судоплатов; Экономическая безопасность; Статус-кво—2003-N1- с.
42-49
737
faruli mewarmeoba rTuli movlenaa, igi SexebaSia
ekonomikur urTierTobaTa mTel sistemasTan. aq Se-
dis sazogadoebisgan arakontrolirebadi saqmianoba
sasaqonlo-materialur faseulobaTa (aseve momsax-
urebis) warmoebis, ganawilebisa Tu moxmarebisaTvis.
mmarTvelobis organoebisgan damaluli ekonomikuri
urTierTobebi fizikur da iuridiul pirebs Soris,
saxelmwifo an kerZo sakuTrebis gamosayeneblad piradi
an jgufuri interesebisTvis. araformaluri ekonomi-
kuri urTierToba erTi mxriv mewarmesa da meore mxriv
banks Soris, xSirad kriminalSi gadadis. magaliTad, ko-
merciuli banki SeRavaTian kredits aZlevs mewarmes,
xolo sxvaoba faqtobriv procentsa da nominalurs
Soris iyofa banksa da mewarmes Soris, rogorc piradi
Semosavali, romelic ar aisaxeba angariSgebaSi da ar
ibegreba.9
msoflioSi yvelgan, samewarmeo seqtorSi Savi fulis

warmoqmnis gavrcelebuli meTodia SemosavlebiT ma-
nipulireba. aq moiazreben samewarmeo saqmianobas reg-
istraciis gareSe, anda naadrevi ganacxadis gakeTebas
warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, SesaZlebelia gadasaxadis
potenciurma gadamxdelma Tavisi saqmianoba warmoaCi-
nos gadasaxadiT daubegrav saqmianobad. amgvari sqemiT
ukanono Semosavlis miRebis magaliTia mravalricxo-
vani operaciebi moqmedi firmebis salikvidaciod da
axlebis dasafuZneblad, ra drosac mewarmes SeuZlia
ganacxados, rom axal firmas ar dauwyia saqmianoba, Sesa-
bamisad ar awarmoebs buRalterias da SeuZlebelia misi
brunvis Semowmeba, an kidev, SesaZlebelia mewarmem reg-
istraciamde daiwyos saqmianoba (vTqvaT vaWroba), miRe-
9
Sestakovi a. Crdilovani ekonomika, rusul enaze, moskovi,
2000, gv, 51.
738
buli Semosavali ki naTesavis angariSze gadaricxos,
zogjer xdeba buRaltrul angariSebSi kontraqtebis
dauregistrirebloba. garigebebi finansuri angariSe-
bis Sedgenis gareSe niSnavs maT aRuricxaobas sabuRal-
tro dokumentebSi. es aris manipulacia SemosavlebiT.
zogjer WuWyiani (Savi) fulis misaRebad mewarmeebi mi-
marTaven aseTY manipulaciebsac, kerZod, yalbad zrdian
xarjebs personalis Senaxvaze, momsaxurebis gawevaze,
materialur xarjebze da misTanebze. amasTanave, an ar
arsebobs safuZveli am xarjebis gamosaqviTad (Camo-
sawerad) anda ignorirebulia Sesabamisi normativebi.
Semosavlebis damalva faruli sameurneo saqmianobis
drosac aqtualuria, radgan registraciisa da licen-
ziis gareSe miRebuli Semosavalic unda daibegros, anu
saeWvo Semosavlebic ibegreba sagadasaxado kanonmde-
blobiT.
ramdeni adamiani imyofeba sameurneo cxovrebis samarT-

lebrivi normebis miRma, rTuli gasarkvevia. mTel msof-
lioSi faruli ekonomikis xvedriTi wili qveynis mTlian
Sida produqtSi saSualod 5-10% aRwevs. eqspertebis
SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi es maCvenebeli daaxloebiT
15-20% aRwevs.
WuWyiani fulis Seqmnis meTodebSi garkveuli wili uka-

via gadasaxadebis Tavis aridebiT miRebul Semosavals.
klaus kotke wers: roca germaniaSi WuWyian fulze sau-
broben es maSinve asocirdeba gadasaxadebiT daubegrav
fulTan. mxedvelobaSia Semosavali, romelic gamoy-
vanilia kanoniT dadgenili dabegvris sferodan, aseve
Tanxa (an misi nawili), romelic eqvemdebareba dabegvras.
WuWyiani fulis damaxasiaTebeli niSania is, rom igi war-
moiqmneba gadasaxadebisTvis Tavis aridebiT (es aris
dabegvrisgan damaluli saSualebebi, aseve Sesabamisi
gadasaxadis gadauxdeli Tanxebi).10
10
klaus kotke, WuWyiani fuli, Targmani rusul enaze, mos-
kovi 1998, gv. 38.
739
maSasadame, WuWyiani fulis warmoqmnisTvis noyier
niadags warmoadgens samewarmeo seqtori. araswori sa-
buRaltro aRricxviT, e.w ormagi buRalteriis warmoe-
biT da sabuRaltro aRricxvis sxvadasxva xvrelebis
meSveobiT iqmneba Savi fuli. ZiriTadad es xdeba mo-
gebis Tanxis SemcirebiT, rac miznad isaxavs sagadasaxa-
do tvirTis Semsubuqebas, anu gadasaxadebis minimu-
mamde Semcirebas.
amgvarad, gadasaxadebisTvis Tavis aridebis meTodebis

sistema imavdroulad warmoadgens Savi fulis warmo-
qmnis meTodebis sistemas. aqedan gamomdinare, fulis
gaTeTrebis predikatul samarTaldarRvevaTa siidan
fiskaluri danaSaulebis gamoricxva safuZvels mokle-
bulia, razec qvemoT vimsjelebT.
saqarTveloSi fiskaluri danaSaulebiT saxelmwifos-

Tvis miyenebuli zianis moculobis Sefaseba ver Sev-
ZeliT, radgan Sesabamisma samsaxurma aseTi informacia
ar mogvca. rac Seexeba zogad informacias fiskaluri
samarTaldarRvevebis Sesaxeb, Semosavlebis samsax-
uris monacemTa erTiani eleqtronuli bazis mixedviT
2007-2010 wlebSi sagadasaxado/sabaJo samarTaldar-
Rvevebis Semdegi statistikuri monacemebi arsebobs;
2007 wels registrirebulia sagadasaxado samarTal-
darRvevis 9,729 oqmi, 8,352113 laris daricxuli ja-
muri Tanxis odenobiT da sabaJo samarTaldarRvevis
4,325 oqmi _ 20,691 920 laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis
odenobiT, 2008 wels sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis
13,393 oqmi _ 9,789 738 laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis
odenobiT, da sabaJo samarTaldarRvevis 9,982 oqmi _
9,014 397 laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis odenobiT,
2009 wels sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis 22,255 oqmi
_ 39,281 888 laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis odenobiT
740
da sabaJo samarTaldarRvevis 10,508 oqmi _ 11,347 002
laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis odenobiT, 2010 wels
sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis 26,781 oqmi _ 61,623
478 laris daricxuli jamuri Tanxis odenobiT da sa-
baJo samarTaldarRvevis 10,042 oqmi _ 8,971 916 laris
daricxuli jamuri Tanxis odenobiT. aq ar Sedis ekono-
mikuri danaSaulis (gadasaxadisTvis Tavis arideba,
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia da sxv.) statistika.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom kriminalur saqmianobasa da
farul mewarmeobas Soris tolobis niSnis dasma ar Sei-
Zleba. faruli mewarmeoba sameurneo saqmianobis iseTi
saxea, romelic qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis zrdaSi
aisaxeba, Tumca amas saxelmwifo ver akontrolebs. mas-
Tan brZola wminda ekonomikuri meTodebiTac SeiZleba.
§ 3. fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso da

SidasamarTlebrivi normatiuli aqtebi, saerTaSor-
iso monitoringi
fulis garecxvasTan brZolis pirvel saerTaSoriso

aqts warmoadgens venis konvencia ~narkotikuli sa-
Sualebebis da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono
brunvasTan brZolis Sesaxeb~ (1988 wlis 20 dekemberi),
romelmac didi gavlena moaxdina dasavleTis qveynebis
Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis ganviTarebaze. venis konven-
ciam danaSaulad aRiara narkotikebis ukanono brunvi-
dan miRebuli fulis `garecxva~ da daavala xelmomwer
qveynebs ebrZolaT narkotikebiT vaWrobiT miRebuli
Semosavlis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg. amasTanave, organi-
zebuli danaSaulis ganviTarebis kvalobaze izrdeboda
sxva saxis ukanono saqmianobidan miRebuli Semosav-
lebic, romelTa nawili aseve ìrecxeboda~ da Semdeg
legalur ekonomikaSi ideboda (investiciebis saxiT).
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, dReisTvis `WuWyian fuls~ mie-
741
kuTvneba ara mxolod narkobiznesidan miRebuli Se-
mosavlebi, aramed Semosavlebi miRebuli iaraRiT
vaWrobidan, trefikingidan, kontrabandidan, adamianTa
motacebidan, gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobidan da sxva
ukanono wyaroebidan.
1990 wlis 8 noembers evrosabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa

mier miRebuli iqna konvencia `danaSaulebrivi saqmi-
anobidan miRebuli Semosavlebis garecxvis, gamovlenis,
dayadaRebisa da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb~ (strasburgis
konvencia).
konvenciis preambulaSi aRniSnulia, rom mZime dana-

SaulTan brZola, rac mzardi saerTaSoriso problemaa,
moiTxovs Tanamedrove da efeqturi meTodebis gamoy-
enebas saerTaSoriso doneze, erT-erTi aseTi meTodi
damnaSaveebisTvis danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Se-
mosavlebis CamorTmevaa. konvenciis pirveli muxlis
mixedviT, `Semosavali~ niSnavs nebismier ekonomikur
sargebels, romelic SeZenilia danaSaulebrivi gziT;
xolo `predikatuli danaSauli~ niSnavs nebismier da-
naSauls, romlis Sedegadac warmoiSva Semosavali, rac
garecxvis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes. amgvarad, strasbur-
gis konvenciam danaSaulad aRiara ara mxolod narko-
biznesidan miRebuli Semosavlebis `garecxvisken~ mi-
marTuli qmedeba, aramed sxva danaSaulebrivi saqmiano-
bidan miRebuli Semosavlebis garecxvac.
strasburgis konvencia miznad isaxavs saerTaSoriso

TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebas danaSaulebrivi saqmi-
anobiT miRebuli qonebis gamovlenis, amoRebis da
konfiskaciis gasaadvileblad, saxelmwifoTa Soris
efeqturi urTierTTanamSromlobis sistemis Seqm-
nas da saerTo sisxlissamarTlebrivi politikis ganx-
742
orcielebas. amasTanave, konvenciis mizania ukanono
Semosavlebis legalizaciis sferoSi nacionaluri
kanonmdeblobis formirebisTvis saerTaSoriso sa-
marTlebrivi standartebisa da normebis Seqmna, am sf-
eroSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis samarTlebrivi
safuZvlebis gansazRvra. konvencia awesrigebs iseT um-
niSvnelovanes sakiTxebs, rogoricaa Sida saxelmwifoe-
briv doneze gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebi (Semosav-
lebis garecxvasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebi, spe-
cialuri sagamoZiebo uflebamosilebebi da meTodebi,
sakonfiskacio zomebi, samarTlebrivi dacvis saSuale-
bebi), saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da samarTlebrivi
daxmareba, konfiskacia, TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqmis
safuZveli da sxv. dReisTvis strasburgis konvencia
aris ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciasTan brZolis
saerTaSoriso da saxelmwifo politikis Camoyalibebis
safuZveli11
fulis legalizaciasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso

normebis SesamuSaveblad 1989 wels didi Svideulis
mier (G-7) parizis samitze Seiqmna saerTaSoriso or-
ganizacia _ finansuri qmedebis specialuri jgufi
(FATF). Tavdapirvelad es organizacia mowodebuli iyo
SeemuSavebina RonisZiebebi narkotikebiT vaWrobidan
miRebuli Semosavlebis legalizaciis winaaRmdeg, ve-
nis zemoaRniSnuli konvenciis valdebulebaTa Sesas-
ruleblad, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi am organizaciis
saqmianobis masStabi gafarTovda. dRes es organizacia
30-ze met saxelmwifos aerTianebs. FATF-is 40 rekomen-
daciis (terorizmis dafinansebasTan sabrZolvelad
aseve 9 specialuri rekomendaciis) SemuSavebiT daix-
vewa Savi fulis legalizaciasTan brZolis strategia.
11
g. tabucaZe, ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis
saerTaSoriso gamocdileba, Jurnali `samarTali~, #11-12,
2003.
743
swored am rekomendaciebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda
mravali qveynis, maT Soris saqarTvelos, kanonmde-
bloba am sferoSi12.
12
FATF-is Seqmnis aucilebloba gamowveuli iyo msoflio
sazogadoebis mzardi SeSfoTebiT fulis `garecxvis~ prob-
lemiT. am organizacias daevala fulis garecxvis meTodebis
da tendenciebis gamokvleva, am movlenasTan sabrZolvelad
erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze miRebuli RonisZiebebis
monitoringi, masve daevala RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba, fu-
lis `garecxvis~ aRsakveTad. Seqmnidan erTi wlis Tavze (1990
wlis aprilSi) FATF-ma waradgina angariSi, romelic Seicavda
40 rekomendacias (gansazRvrul RonisZiebebs), romelTa dan-
ergva aucilebeli piroba iyo fulis garecxvasTan efeqturi
brZolisTvis. FATF-i es aris organo, romelic mowodebulia
dasabuTebuli winadadebebi moamzados kanonmdeblobisa da
regulaciuri politikis sferoSi reformebis gasatareblad,
TiToeuli saxelmwifos nacionalur doneze fulis garecx-
vasTan brZolis efeqturobis asamaRleblad. FATF-i axor-
cielebs analizsa da kontrols misi wevrebis mier fulis
garecxvasTan brZolis RonisZiebebis SemoRebaze da saerTa-
Soriso doneze ayenebs yvela qveynis mier aseTi RonisZiebebis
danergvis aucileblobis ideas. am organizacias ar gaaCnia
gansazRvruli wesdeba da misi saqmianobis xangrZlivoba Sez-
Ruduli araa, jgufi yovel 5 weliwadSi gadasinjavs Tavis
misias da damokidebulia misi damfuZnebeli qveynebis nebis
gamovlenaze. FATF-ze dakisrebuli amocanebis struqtura
ase gamoiyureba: msoflios yvela regionSi fulis garecxv-
asTan brZolis informaciis gavrceleba, fulis garecxvas-
Tan brZolis saerTaSoriso qselis Seqmna, romelic efuZneba
masSi wevrobis gafarToebas, msoflios sxvadasxva nawilSi
regionuli organoebis Seqmnas, sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso or-
ganizaciebTan mWidro TanamSromlobas, kontroli wevri sax-
elmwifoebis mxridan FATF-is 40 rekomendaciis Sesrulebaze
da dacvaze. yvela wevri saxelmwifo mowmdeba am rekomenda-
744
FATF-is rekomendaciebis mizania, pirvel yovlisa, am
organizaciis wevri qveynebis venis konvenciasTan (nar-
kotikuli saSualebebiT vaWrobis aRkveTis Sesaxeb)
SeerTeba da `Savi~ fulis `garecxvis~ danaSaulTa kat-
egoriaSi Setana, qveynebSi fulis moZraobis gamWvir-
valobis uzrunvelyofa da fulis moZraobis kontro-
lis procesSi saxelmwifos yvela seqtoris (adminis-
traciuli, samarTaldamcavi da sxv.) CarTva, am sferoSi
saxelmwifo organoebs Soris urTierTangariSvaldeb-
ulebis da saxelmwifoTa Soris aqtiuri TanamSromlo-
bis damyareba.
rogorc aRiniSna, FATF-is ZiriTad dokuments warmoad-

gens 40 rekomendacia, romelic gadmoscems fulis ga-
recxvasTan brZolis ZiriTad, universalur RonisZie-
bebs, es rekomendaciebi uzrunvelyofen moqmedebebis
mTel speqtrs fulis `garecxvis~ winaaRmdeg, romle-
bic moicaven marTlmsajulebisa da kanonmdeblobis si-
stemas, finansur sistemas da mis regulirebas, agreTve
saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas.
ciebis Sesrulebaze. Semowmebas oraspeqtiani midgoma aqvs:

yovelwliuri TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefasebis ufro de-
taluri procedura.,fulis garecxvis meTodebis da tenden-
ciebis Seswavla da gadasinjva da Sesabamisi kontrzomebis
SemuSaveba.fulis garecxva _ es aris saqmianoba, romelic
viTardeba da amitom saWiroebs mudmiv monitorings. FATF-is
wevrebi kreben informacias fulis garecxvis tendenciebTan
dakavSirebiT, raTa uzrunvelyon 40 rekomendaciis Taname-
droveoba da efeqturoba. dakisrebuli amocanebis Sesasru-
leblad FATF-i weliwadSi ramdenjerme atarebs plenarul
sxdomebs da TaTbirebs. gadawyvetilebebis miReba konsensuss
efuZneba. FATF-is samdivno parizSia.
745
rekomendaciebi gadmoscemen samoqmedo principebs da
aucilebel sivrces aZleven qveynebs am principebis ga-
mosayeneblad TiToeuli maTganis specifikis da kon-
stituciuri wesrigis Sesabamisad.
1990 wels pirvelad gamoqveynebuli rekomendaciebi

orjer gadaisinja, 1996 da 2003 wlebSi. FATF-ma SeimuSa-
va am rekomendaciebis ganmartebebic, romelic mowode-
bulia axsnas zogierTi maTganis Sinaarsi da igi damate-
biT saxelmZRvanelos warmoadgens.
FATF-is rekomendaciebis Sinaarsi ase gamoiyureba: pir-

veli sami rekomendacia exeba samarTlebriv sistemebs,
kerZod, fulis garecxvis danaSaulis masStabs, winas-
war zomebs da konfiskacias. pirveli rekomendaciis
mixedviT, qveynebma fulis garecxvis kriminalizeba
unda moaxdinon, venis da palermos konvenciebis sa-
fuZvelze (gaeros 1988 wlis konvencia narkotikuli
saSualebebis da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukano-
no brunvasTan brZolis Sesaxeb da 2000 wlis konvencia
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb).
saxelmwifoebma unda ganixilon fulis garecxvis da-
naSaulis cnebis SemoReba (anu kriminalizacia) mZime
kategoriis danaSaulebis an/da iseTi danaSaulebis ana-
logiiT, romlebsac mniSvnelovani Semosavlebis miReba
axlavs. yovelma qveyanam unda gaafarTovos fulis ga-
recxvasTan dakavSirebuli samarTaldarRvevis cneba
(anu qmedebaTa katalogi), predikatuli danaSaulebis
farTo diapazonis gaTvaliswinebiT. predikatuli sa-
marTaldarRveva SeiZleba ganisazRvros nebismier sa-
marTaldarRvevad anda gamoyenebuli iyos raime zRvru-
li midgoma, rac dakavSirebulia samarTaldarRvevis
seriozulobis kategoriasTan an Tavisuflebis aRkve-
Tis vadasTan (zRvruli midgoma) an kidev predikatuli
746
samarTaldarRvevebis CamonaTvaliT anda am midgomebis
kombinaciiT.
pirveli rekomendaciis ganmartebaSi vkiTxulobT:

fulis garecxvis predikatuli danaSaulis gansaz-
Rvrisas saxelmwifoebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon sa-
marTaldarRvevis seriozuloba an misi CadenisTvis
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada an orive es kriteriumi
erToblivad. iq sadac aseTi zRvruli midgoma iqneba
gamoyenebuli, predikatul samarTaldarRvevebSi unda
Sevides yvela seriozuli kategoriis samarTaldarR-
veva an is samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebic erT welze
meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT isjeba (an ufro
nakleb vadiTac, sadac es daSvebulia). predikatuli sa-
marTaldarRveva fulis garecxvisTvis unda gavrcel-
des sxva qveyanaSi Cadenil moqmedebebzec, romlebic
samarTaldarRvevaTa SemadgenlobaSi Sedian aseT qvey-
anaSi da romelic predikatul samarTaldarRvevad
CaTvlida, Tu aseTi moqmedebebi mis teritoriaze iqne-
boda Cadenili. qveynebs SeuZliaT specialuri normis
safuZvelze predikatul samarTaldarRvevad CaTva-
lon mxolod qveynis SigniT Cadenili moqmedebebi.
meore rekomendaciis mixedviT, qveynebma unda uzrun-
velyon rom ganzraxva da codna, rac aucilebelia fu-
lis garecxvis samarTaldarRvevis dasamtkiceblad Se-
Tavsebadi iyos venis da palermos konvenciebSi formu-
lirebul standartebTan, im koncefciis CaTvliT, rom
qmedebis subieqturi niSnebi _ winaswari Secnoba, ganz-
raxva da mizani SeiZleba dadgindes saqmis obieqturi
faqtobrivi garemoebebis safuZvelze. sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, xolo sadac es SeuZlebelia
samoqalaqo da administraciuli pasuxismgebloba unda
Seefardos iuridiul pirebs.
venis da palermos konvenciebis Sesabamisad, qveyneb-

747
ma unda miiRon zomebi (maT Soris sakanonmdeblo), rac
SesaZleblobas miscems kompetentur organoebs kon-
fiskacia moaxdinon legalizebuli sakuTrebis, fulis
garecxvis an predikatuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis
Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebisa, am samarTaldarR-
vevaTa Casadenad gamoyenebuli an maT Casadenad gamiz-
nuli saSualebebisa, an sakuTrebisa, keTilsindisieri
mesame pirebis dauzianeblad.
FATF-is rekomendaciebis didi nawili eTmoba RonisZie-

bebs (zomebs), romlebic unda ganaxorcielon safinanso
dawesebulebebma, arasafinanso seqtoris subieqtebma
da zogierTi profesiebis warmomadgenlebma, raTa aRk-
veTon fulis garecxva da terorizmis dafinanseba.
meoTxe rekomendaciis mixedviT, qveynebma unda uzrun-

velyon, rom safinanso dawesebulebebis saidumlos Se-
saxeb kanonebi xels ar SeuSlian rekomendaciebis Ses-
rulebas.
5-12 rekomendaciebi eTmoba klientebis identifikacias

da aRricxvis warmoebas. kerZod, safinanso dawesebule-
bebma ar unda gaxsnan da awarmoon anonimuri angariSebi
an gamogonil saxelebze (fiqtiur pirebze) gaxsnili an-
gariSebi. safinanso dawesebulebebma unda miiRon saTa-
nado zomebi klientTa identifikaciisTvis, romlebTa-
nac saqmian urTierTobas amyareben, isini valdebulni
unda iyvnen oficialuri da sxva Sesabamisi dokumente-
bis safuZvelze daadginon TavianTi klientebis identu-
roba garigebis dadebisas, ganaxorcielon klientebTan
saqmiani urTierTobebis mudmivi monitoringi, gansa-
kuTrebuli yuradReba gamoiCinon saerTaSoriso sako-
respondento urTierTobebis mimarT, SeimuSaon kon-
trolis politika da procedurebi im riskebis mimarT,
748
rac dakavSirebulia operaciebis ganxorcielebasTan
klientTan piradi kontaqtis gareSe, kerZod, sagangebo
yuradReba unda daeTmos fulis gaTeTrebis sqemebSi
axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis aRk-
veTas, amisaTvis unda SemuSavdes kontrolis procedu-
rebi klientTan piradi kontaqtis gareSe operaciebis
ganxorcielebisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
miaqcion nebismier did uCveulo operacias, operaciis
ganxorcielebis uCveulo sqemas, romelsac ara aqvs aS-
kara ekonomikuri an kanonieri mizani. SeZlebisdagvarad
unda gairkves aseTi garigebebis mizani da konkretuli
garemoebebi, Sedegebi werilobiT gaformdes da xel-
misawvdomi iyos makontrolebeli da samarTaldamcavi
organoebisTvis. safinanso dawesebulebebma unda Sein-
axon rogorc Sidasaxelmwifo ise saerTaSoriso oper-
aciebis Sesaxeb yvela aucilebeli dokumenti, raTa Se-
saZlebloba hqondeT swrafad upasuxon kompetenturi
organoebis SekiTxvebs, amave periodiT unda Seinaxon
klientis saidentifikacio monacemebi. kerZod, me-10
rekomendaciis mixedviT safinanso organizaciebma
aranakleb 5 weli unda Seinaxon dokumentacia gari-
gebebis Sesaxeb rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise, mis gareT,
rac SesaZleblobas miscemT maT moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,
swrafad miawodon informacia kompetentur organoebs.
aseTi dokumentacia sakmarisi unda iyos calkeul gari-
gebaTa garemoebebis aRsadgenad. maT unda Seinaxon kli-
entis maidentificirebeli dokumentaciac (pasportis,
piradobis mowmobis da sxv. aslebi). klientis identifika-
ciis da aRricxvis warmoebis wesi garkveul SemTxvevebSi
vrceldeba arasafinanso dawesebulebebzec da gansaz-
Rvruli kategoriis profesiebze, magaliTad, kazinoebi,
uZravi qonebis agentebi, Zvirfasi liTonebisa da qvebis
dilerebi, advokatebi, notariusebi, buRaltrebi.
749
13-16 rekomendaciebi exeba saeWvo operaciebis Sesaxeb
informaciis miwodebas. Tu safinanso dawesebulebas
eWvi gauCnda an eWvis gonivruli safuZveli aqvs, rom
fuladi saSualebebi aris Semosavali danaSaulebrivi
saqmianobidan an dakavSirebulia terorizmis dafinan-
sebasTan, kanoniT an instruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iqnes informaciis dauyovnebliv miwodeba kompe-
tenturi organoebisTvis. amasTanave, safinanso orga-
nizaciebma, maTma direqtorebma, Tanamdebobis pirebma
da muSakebma ar unda gaafrTxilon klientebi kompeten-
turi organoebisTvis maT Sesaxeb informaciis gadace-
masTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli rekomendaciebis gan-
martebebiT gansazRvrulia monitorings daqvemdeba-
rebuli tranzaqciebis raodenobac, kerZod, safinanso
institutebisTvis (me-5 rekomendaciis farglebSi) _
15 000 aSS dolari/evro, kazinoebisTvis (me-12 rekomen-
daciis farglebSi) _ 3000 aSS dolari/evro, Zvirfasi
liTonebisa da qvebis dilerebisTvis (12-16 rekomen-
daciebis farglebSi) _ 15 000 aSS dolari/evro. me-13
rekomendaciis ganmartebiT, saxelmwifoebisTvis reko-
mendebulia sxva alternativac, kerZod, yvela saeWvo
operaciis Sesaxeb, Tanxis odenobis miuxedavad, infor-
maciis miwodebis valdebuleba.
safinanso dawesebulebebma unda SeimuSaon fulis ga-

recxvis da terorizmis dafinansebis sawinaaRmdegod
brZolis programebi.
17-20 rekomendaciebi eTmoba fulis garecxvisa da ter-

orizmis dafinansebis Semakavebel sxva RonisZiebebs. aq
saubaria efeqturi da Tanazomieri sanqciebis gamoyene-
bis aucileblobaze, fiqtiuri bankebis Seqmnisa an saq-
mianobisTvis dabrkolebebis gawevaze, valutis da sxva
finansuri instrumentebis fizikurad sazRvargareT
750
gatanis gamovlenis da kontrolis RonisZiebebze da
sxv. magaliTad, me-19 rekomendaciis mixedviT, qveyneb-
ma unda gaakontrolon sazRvargareT valutis da sxva
sawarmdgenlo finansuri instrumentebis fizikuri
gatana, ise rom xeli ar SeuSalon kapitalis Tavisufal
moZraobas.
21-22 rekomendaciebi im qveynebis mimarT gasatarebel

RonisZiebebs eTmoba, romlebic ar asruleben an aras-
rulyofilad asruleben FATF-is rekomendaciebs.
23-25 rekomendaciebSi saubaria regulirebasa da ze-

damxedvelobaze. saxeldobr, safinanso dawesebulebe-
bis licenzirebisa da registraciis aucileblobaze,
kompetenturi organoebis movaleobaze aRkveTon imis
SesaZlebloba, rom damnaSaveebma da maTma Tanamona-
wileebma uxelmZRvanelon safinanso dawesebulebebs,
anda iqcnen safinanso dawesebulebis didi kapitalis an
sakontrolo paketis mflobelebad an mesakuTreebad.
fulis garecxvasTan brZolis interesebisTvis reko-
mendebulia safinanso dawesebulebebSi sakontrolo
paketebis mflobelTa Sesabamisobis perioduli gada-
mowmeba, arasafinanso dawesebulebebis da garkveuli
kategoriis profesiebis saqmianobis regulireba da ze-
damxedveloba.
Semdegi rekomendaciebi eTmoba instituciur da sxva

RonisZiebebs, rac aucilebelia fulis garecxvasTan
da terorizmis dafinansebasTan sabrZolvelad. ker-
Zod, 26-34 rekomendaciebSi saubaria kompetentur or-
ganoebze, maT uflebamosilebebze da resursebze, fi-
nansuri dazvervis samsaxuris Seqmnis aucileblobaze,
samarTaldamcavi organoebis pasuxismgeblobaze saga-
moZiebo moqmedebebis gansaxorcieleblad, specialuri
751
sagamoZiebo meTodebis SemuSavebasa da gamoyenebaze,
gamoZiebis procesSi kompetenturi organoebis uf-
lebamosilebiT aRWurvaze Sesabamisi informaciis ga-
mosaTxovad, qonebaze yadaRis dasadebad an amosaRebad
konfiskaciis miznebisTvis, samarTaldamcavi organoe-
bis da safinanso zedamxedvelobis samsaxurebis Ta-
namSromlobaze, fulis garecxvasTan brZolis sistemis
efeqturobis periodulad gadamowmebaze, Sesabamisi
statistikis warmoebiT, iuridiuli pirebis saqmiano-
bis gamWvirvalobaze, raTa isini gamoyenebuli ar iqnan
fulis garecxvis miznebisTvis da sxv.
35-40 rekomendaciebSi saubaria saerTaSoriso TanamS-

romlobaze, iuridiul daxmarebasa da eqstradiciaze,
TanamSromlobis sxva formebze.
FATF-i mudmivad adevnebs Tvals ukanono Semosavlebis

legalizaciis sferoSi axal tendenciebsa da meTodebs,
SeimuSavebs Sesabamis kontrzomebs. fulis garecxva-
sTan brZolis miznebisTvis igi gansazRvravs e.w. ara-
kooperirebad qveynebsa da teritoriebs (FATF-is Savi
sia), romlebic xels uSlian saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-
lobas am sferoSi. qveynebis Sav siaSi Setana da siidan
amoricxva wydeba FATF-is sxdomebze kolegiurad, maT
mier SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze. evropis
sabWos ministrTa komitetma 1997 wlis seqtemberSi fu-
lis garecxvasTan brZolis RonisZiebebis Sesafaseblad
daafuZna rCeul eqspertTa komiteti (MONEYVAL). igi
warmoadgens evropis sabWos damnaSaveobis problemeb-
ze evropuli komitetis qvekomisias. misi mizania fulis
garecxvasTan brZolisTvis evrosabWos qveynebis mier
gatarebuli RonisZiebebis TviTSefasebis da urTierT-
Sefasebis Catareba. Tavis saqmianobaSi es organizacia
emyareba FATF-is praqtikas da gamocdilebas. am komite-
752
tis wevri saqarTvelocaa. 2007 wels man dadebiTi daskv-
na moamzada saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebel reformeb-
ze fulis garecxvasTan brZolaSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflioSi Seqmnilia FATF-is msgavsi

mravali regionuli organizacia, maT igive miznebi da
amocanebi aqvT, magram maTi saqmianoba Semoifargle-
ba calkeuli regioniT. aseTia magaliTad, fulis ga-
recxvasTan brZolis azia-wynari okeanis jgufi (APG);
fulis garecxvasTan brZolis finansuri RonisZiebebis
SemmuSavebeli karibis jgufi (CFATF); fulis garecxva-
sTan brZolis aRmosavleT da samxreTafrikuli jgufi
(ESAAMLG) fulis garecxvasTan brZolis finansuri
RonisZiebebis SemmuSavebeli jgufi samxreT amerikaSi
(GAFISUD).
saqarTvelom 2003 wlis 6 ivniss miiRo kanoni ukanono Se-

mosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb.
am kanonis mizania saqarTveloSi ukanono Semosavlis
legalizaciisa da terorizmis dafinansebis aRkveTis
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis Seqmna, sazogadoebis kano-
nieri uflebebisa da saxelmwifos interesebis dacva. es
kanoni aregulirebs saqarTveloSi ukanono Semosavlis
legalizaciis gamovlenasTan da aRkveTis xelSewyoba-
sTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs, saamisod ufleba-
mosil organoebsa da Sesabamis pirebs Soris, agreTve
urTierTobebs, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos da, meore mx-
riv, sxva saxelmwifoTa uflebamosil organoebsa da
saerTaSoriso organizaciebs Soris. kanoni ganmartavs
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciasTan dakavSirebul
ZiriTad terminebs _ iseTi rogoricaa, ukanono Semo-
savali, misi legalizacia, saeWvo da uCveulo garigeba,
monitoringi da sxv. kanoni gansazRvravs monitoringis
ganmaxorcielebel pirebs, monitorings daqvemdebare-
753
bul garigebebs; monitoringis ganmxorcielebeli pi-
rebis valdebulebebs garigebis Sesaxeb informaciis
(dokumentebis) aRricxvasTan, SenaxvasTan da maT Sesa-
xeb angariSgebis wardgenasTan dakavSirebiT; gansaz-
Rvrulia finansuri monitoringis samsaxuris ZiriTadi
uflebamovaleobani, sazedamxedvelo organoebis pasu-
xismgebloba, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebi.
es kanoni saqarTveloSi fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolis

sabazo dokuments warmoadgens. misi ZiriTadi debule-
bebi dakonkretebulia iseT kanonqvemdebare normatiul
aqtebSi, rogoricaa finansuri monitoringis samsaxu-
ris debuleba, `fulis gaTeTrebis~ winaaRmdeg brZolis
sakiTxebSi bankebis adgilze Semowmebis meTodikuri sa-
xelmZRvanelo (erovnuli bankis prezidentis 2004 wlis
30 dekembris N840 gankarguleba); saqarTvelos erovnu-
li bankis _ riskze damyarebuli midgomebis gamoyene-
biT ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis riskis Sefase-
bis meToduri saxelmZRvanelo, debuleba komerciuli
bankebis mier informaciis miRebis, sistematizaciis,
damuSavebisa da saqarTvelos finansuri monitoringis
samsaxurisTvis gadacemis wesis Sesaxeb (saqarTvelos
finansuri monitoringis samsaxuris brZaneba #95 2004
wlis 28 ivlisi). monitoringis ganmaxorcielebeli pi-
rebis Sida instruqciebi, romlebSic gansazRvrulia
monitoringis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis valdebule-
bebi Sida kontrolis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.
magaliTad, sakredito organizaciis Sida kontrolis
wesebiT SemuSavebulia kriteriumebi uCveulo garige-
bebis gamosavlenad. aqve mocemulia klientis mier da-
naSaulebrivi Semosavlebis legalizaciis ganxorcie-
lebis riskis Sefasebis kriteriumebi anu saqmianobis sa-
xeebi, romlebic danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis legali-
754
zaciis ganxorcielebis maRal risks Seicaven. kerZod,
im iuridiuli pirebis (arasakredito organizaciebi)
saqmianoba, romlebic awarmoeben fuladi saSualebebis
gadayvanas; ofSorebSi daregistrirebuli iuridiuli
pirebis da maTi qvedanayofebis saqmianoba; turistuli
saqmianoba, saTamaSo biznesi, xelovnebis sagnebiT da
antikvariatiT vaWroba, Zvirfasi liTonebiT da qvebiT
vaWroba, uZravi qonebiT vaWroba (Suamavloba), nebismie-
ri saqmianoba, rac naRdi fulis intensiur brunvasTanaa
dakavSirebuli (sacalo vaWroba, navTobproduqtebiT
vaWroba, sazogadoebrivi kveba), sagareo ekonomikuri
operaciebis ganxorcieleba da sxv.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2007 wlis 16 ivnisis N118-e dad-

genilebiT ùkanono Semosavlebis legalizaciis aRk-
veTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis miz-
nebisTvis ganisazRvra sayuradRebo zonebis nusxa. am
nusxaSi Sevida: avRaneTi, angilia, antigua da barbuda,
barbadosi, gvatemala, grenada, guami, dominika, erayi,
vanuatu, Terqs-qaiqosis kunZulebi, indoeTi, indone-
zia, irani, kabo verde, kaimanis kunZulebi, kolumbia,
kukis kunZulebi, libani, liberia, marSalis kunZulebi,
birma, mikronezia, monserati, nauru, nigeria, niue, pa-
kistani, palau, samoa, seiSelebi, sent-lusia, siria, su-
dani, taiti, tajikeTi, filipinebi, CrdiloeT marianas
kunZulebi, jibuti.
§ 4. fulis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia (iuridiuli

daxasiaTeba)
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT fulis gaTe-

Treba kriminalizebuli iqna 1996 wlis 29 oqtombris
kanoniT, romliTac SemoRebul iqna pasuxismgebloba
755
arakanonieri gziT mopovebuli fuladi saxsrebis le-
galizebisTvis (ssk-is 1651-e muxli).13 Tumca msgavs qme-
debebTan brZola adrec warmoebda, kerZod, 1960 wlis
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebda pasuxis-
mgeblobas danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis
SeZenisa an gasaRebisTvis (ssk-is 229-e muxli), garda
amisa, ukanono Semosavlebis gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdeg-
od saxelmwifo axorcielebda sxva RonisZiebebsac, ris
gamoc danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis lega-
lizeba martivi saqme ar iyo, xolo legalizebuli qone-
bis daxarjvac aseve garTulebuli iyo.14
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis danaSaulis Semad-

genlobis axleburad Camoyalibeba saqarTvelos 2003
wlis 6 ivnisis kanons _ ùkanono Semosavlis legaliza-
ciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~, _ ukavSirdeba, da
am ukanasknelSi Setanili cvlilebebisda mixedviT ssk-
is 194-e muxlis Sinaarsic ramdenjerme Seicvala.
fulis gaTeTrebis kriminalizacia miznad isaxavs qvey-

nis ekonomikuri sistemis da upirveles yovlisa, fu-
lad-sakredito sistemis dacvas didi moculobis ara-
kontrolirebadi fuladi saxsrebis Semosvlisgan. amas
moiTxovs, aseve, organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis
interesebic.
fulis gaTeTreba moTavsebulia ssk-is XXVI TavSi _

danaSauli samewarmeo an sxva ekonomikuri saqmianobis
winaaRmdeg. gansaxilveli danaSaulis sisxlissamarT-
13
misi Sinaarsi ase JRerda _ arakanonieri gziT mopovebuli
fuladi saxsrebiT an qonebiT safinanso operaciebis Catare-
ba, an aseTi saxsrebis an qonebis gamoyeneba legaluri same-
warmeo an sxva ekonomikuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebisTvis.
14
magaliTad, avtomobili `gaz-24~ rom SegeZina unda warge-
dgina cnoba safinanso samsaxurisTvis Semosavlis wyaros Se-
saxeb. cxadia, arc fulis gaTeTrebis sqemebi iyo ucxo. ix. r.
oTinaSvili, Crdilovani ekonomika, Tb. 2001, gv. 51-52; 104
756
lebrivi dacvis obieqtTan dakavSirebiT specialur
literaturaSi da sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi
urTierTgansxvavebul midgomebs vxvdebiT: romelia
prioritetuli im sikeTeTa Soris, romlis dasacavadac
dadgenilia sisxlis samarTlis norma _ saxelmwifos
strategiuli interesi (ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba),
marTlmsajulebis interesi (damnaSavis devna), mTlia-
nad ekonomikuri sistema, Tu misi calkeuli sfero,
legaluri samewarmeo an sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba,
fulad-sakredito sistema, safinanso sistema da sxv. am
sakiTxze calsaxa pasuxi ar arsebobs. vfiqrob, fulis
gaTeTrebis xelyofis obieqti seriozul gaazrebas da
Semdgom Seswavlas moiTxovs.
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis xerxebi (da xSirad
misi mopovebis wyaroc) pirdapir Tu arapirdapir arse-
bul ekonomikur sistemas, konkretulad ki samewarmeo
da sxva ekonomikur saqmianobas ukavSirdeba, sadac sa-
bazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, ganmsazRvreli ekonomi-
kuri saqmianobis Tavisuflebis, legalurobis, keTil-
sindisierebis, konkurentulobis principebia. ukanono
Semosavlebis gaTeTreba Zirs uTxris legaluri bizne-
sis aRniSnul safuZvlebs. rac, pirvel rigSi, kanonmor-
Cil sameurneo subieqtebs azianebs. amitomac xelyofis
ZiriTad obieqtad swored es interesi unda CaiTvalos,
Tumca am danaSaulis CadeniT, cxadia, ziandeba nebis-
mieri zemoaRniSnuli interesic. aRarafers vambobT
imis Sesaxeb, rom legalizebuli fuli kriminalTa fi-
nansuri baza xdeba, korufciis indikatoria, ziandeba
saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebi da a.S.
cxadia, zogjer ukanono Semosavali iseTi wyarodanaa

miRebuli, romelsac araferi saerTo ara aqvs ekonomi-
kur saqmianobasTan (iaraRiT an narkotikebiT vaWroba,
trefikingi da misT.) razec saubaria XXVI TavSi. magram
757
amave dros, pirebi, romlebic fulis gaTeTrebas axor-
cieleben da legaluri ekonomikuri saqmianobis miRma
moqmedeben, cdiloben am sivrceSi dabrunebas. amitom
Tundac am mxriv saWiroebs legaluri ekonomikuri saq-
mianoba dacviT meqanizms, rac 194-e muxlSia Cadebuli.
germaniis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi fulis gaTeTre-
bis amkrZalavi norma moTavsebulia 21-e TavSi (§261),
romlis saTauria `danaSaulis winaswar Seupirebeli
dafarva da winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli nivTis Sesyidva~. 261-e paragrafi mizanad
isaxavs Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi marTlwesrigis dacvas
da winare danaSaulis Sedegis Tavidan acilebas. germa-
nul literaturaSi miuTiTeben, rom fulis gaTeTreba
marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulia.
261-e paragrafiT gaTvaliswinebuli normis dacvis mi-
zania marTlmsajulebis interesi, rac gabatonebuli
mosazrebiT, winare danaSaulis Sedegad darRveuli in-
teresebis dacvasac gulisxmobs.15
safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss 1996 wels

daemata calke Tavi fulis garecxvis Sesaxeb (3241–3249
muxlebi), romelSic fulis gaTeTreba danaSaulis
dafarvaSi daxmarebis formad aris miCneuli.
gaeros transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis

Sesaxeb konvenciis me-3 muxlis me-2 punqtiT dadgenili
kriteriumebiT fulis gaTeTreba transnacionaluri
xasiaTis danaSaulia. msoflio ekonomikis globaliza-
ciis pirobebSi Znelia warmoidgino fulis gaTeTreba,
romlis arsebiTi Sedegebi mxolod erT saxelmwifoSi
vlindeba. fuli moZraobis dros SezRuduli araa arc
bankis kedlebiT da arc saxelmwifo sazRvrebiT, misi
moZraobis mTeli gzis monitoringi, ra raodenobis ban-
15
ix. Krey, BT, Band 2, § 19, Rn. 605 a.,Urs Kindhäser, Strafgesetzbuch,4.
Auflage Nomos,2010,S.962; Lackner/Kϋhl, Strafgesetzbuch,Kommentar,27.
Auflage Beck,2011,S.1209
758
kebi an ramdeni saxelmwifos safinanso sistema gaiara,
arc Tu ioli gasakontrolebelia, Tu SeuZlebeli ara.
romelime safinanso institutSi moxvedrili `WuWyiani~
fuli msoflio fulad masaSi gazavdeba da Tavisi rao-
denobis proporciulad àWuWyianebs~ mas, rac obie-
qturadaa ganpirobebuli msoflio integraciuli pro-
cesebiT. aqedan gamomdinare gamoiTqva mosazreba rom
legalizacia miekuTvnos transnacionaluri xasiaTis
danaSauls, ramdenadac is pirdapir azianebs saerTaSo-
riso ekonomikur urTierTobebs. misi uSualo obieqtia
socialuri urTierTobebi, romelic efuZneba saerTa-
Soriso ekonomikur saqmianobaSi kriminaluri qcevebis
akrZalvis princips; legalizaciis mxolod Sida eko-
nomikuri danaSaulisTvis mikuTvneba, rasac axla aqvs
adgili, saTanadod ar asaxavs am danaSaulis socialur
saSiSroebas.16
rac Seexeba danaSaulis sagans, ssk-is 194-e muxlis

mixedviT legalizaciis sagania ukanono an/da dausa-
buTebeli qoneba17 masSi igulisxmeba rogorc moZravi
da uZravi nivTebi, aseve qonebaze ufleba (qonebrivi
uflebebi), romelic sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis da-
16
ix. Якимов О. Ю. Легализация доходов, приобретенных преступным
путем, Санкт-Петербург. 2005, с. 49-50.
17
(ix. ssk-is 194-e muxlis 1-2 SeniSvna. am muxlis miznebisTvis
ukanono qonebad iTvleba qoneba, agreTve am qonebidan miRe-
buli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili), romelic/romlebic pirs,
misi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs an dakavSirebul pirs mopo-
vebuli aqvT kanonis moTxovnaTa darRveviT. am muxlis miz-
nebisTvis dausabuTebel qonebad iTvleba qoneba, agreTve am
qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili), romlis/ro-
melTa kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebeli
dokumentebi pirs, misi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs an dakav-
Sirebul pirs ar gaaCnia an igi mopovebulia ukanono qonebis
gasxvisebis Sedegad miRebuli fuladi saxsrebiT).
759
moukidebeli sagania (ssk-is 180-e, 181-e. 182-e muxlebi)
da ssk-is 194-e muxlSi naxsenebi araa. Tumca, legaliza-
ciis saganSi qonebrivi uflebebis CarTvis aucileblo-
baze xazgasmulia fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego
1990 wlis evropul konvenciaSic da transnacionalu-
ri organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb gaeros 2000 wlis
konvenciaSic. saqarTvelos ssk-is 194-e muxlis am xar-
vezs avsebs kanoni Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis
xelSewyobis Sesaxeb, romelSic xazgasmulia rom qone-
baSi igulisxmeba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebul qoneba (muxli 147).
aRsaniSnavia, rom legalizaciis saganTan dakavSirebiT

ramdenjerme Seicvala saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
pozicia. 1996 wlis 29 oqtombris kanonSi, romliTac
kriminalizebul iqna arakanonieri gziT mopovebuli
fuladi saxsrebis legalizeba, saubaria arakanonieri
gziT mopovebul fulad saxsrebze an qonebaze, yovel-
gvari daTqmebis gareSe (ssk-is 1651-e muxli, 1960 w.); 2005
wlis 28 dekembris kanoniT cvlileba Sevida ssk-is 194-
e muxlSi, romelSic ukve saubari iyo danaSaulebrivi
gziT mopovebul qonebaze. amave kanoniT ukanono Semo-
savlad ar iTvleboda sagadasaxado sferoSi Cadenili
danaSauliT miRebuli Semosavali, agreTve Semosavali
5 aTas laramde.
2003 wlis 6 ivnisis saqarTvelos kanonSi ukanono Se-

mosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb,
ukanono Semosavali ganmartebulia piris sakuTrebaSi
an mflobelobaSi arsebuli fuladi saxsrebi, sxva qone-
ba an qonebrivi uflebebi, romlebic man miiRo saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulis (maT Soris iaraRiT vaWrobis, narkotikuli
danaSaulebis, trefikingis, terorizmis) Cadenis Sede-
gad, garda sagadasaxado da sabaJo sferoebSi danaSau-
760
lis Cadenis SemTxvevebisa. anu aq ufro Seviwroebulia
danaSaulis sagani da saubaria mxolod danaSaulis Cad-
enis Sedegad miRebul ukanono Semosavalze, finansuri
danaSaulebis gamoklebiT.
gavrcelebuli informaciiT, saqarTveloSi fulis

gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego kanonis miRebisas, ssk-is
194-e muxlis predikatul danaSaulTa wridan sabaJo
da sagadasaxado sferoebSi Cadenil danaSaulTa amor-
icxvas lobireba gauwia parlamentarTa erTma jgufma,
vinc am cvlilebiT isargebla. isini asabuTebdnen rom
gadasaxadebis damalvamde qoneba legaluri gziT iyo
mopovebuli. Tumca, gadasaxadebis damalviT miRebuli
qonebis kvlav legalur brunvaSi moqceva rom gaTeTre-
bas niSnavs, amas aravin miaqcia yuradReba.
FATF-isa da MONEYVAl-is rekomendaciebis gaTval-

iswinebiT 2007 wlis 4 ivliss ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sevi-
da cvlileba, romliTac ukanono Semosavali ganimarta
piris sakuTrebaSi an mflobelobaSi arsebul ukanono
an/da dausabuTebel qonebad anu danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli qoneba Seicvala ukanono an/da dausab-
uTebeli qonebiT, riTac metismetad gafarTovda 194-
e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sagani. amave
dros, saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis mixedviT qonebis
CamorTmeva sasamarTlos mier iniSneba am kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis, im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu damtkicdeba, rom es qoneba danaSau-
lebrivi gziTaa mopovebuli. maSasadame, 194-e muxlis
mimarT damatebiT sasjelad qonebis CamorTmevis ga-
mosayeneblad savaldebuloa predikatuli danaSaulis
damtkiceba. gamodis rom, Tu Semosavali danaSaulebri-
vi gziT ar aris mopovebuli misi gaTeTrebisTvis iseT
efeqtur sasjels rogoric qonebis CamorTmevaa, ver
gamoviyenebT.
761
am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi erTmniSvnelovani midgoma
ar arsebobs arc saerTaSoriso aqtebSi da arc nacio-
nalur kanonmdeblobaSi. ase magaliTad, gaeros 2000
wlis 12 dekembris konvencia transnacionaluri or-
ganizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg, moiTxovs dana-
Saulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTeTrebis
kriminalizacias (muxli 6). am konvenciis miznebisTvis
danaSauliT miRebuli Semosavali niSnavs raime dana-
Saulis Cadenis gziT pirdapir an arapirdapir SeZenil
an miRebul nebismier qonebas. TiToeulma monawile
saxelmwifom ZiriTad samarTaldarRvevebs (anu legal-
izaciis predikatul danaSaulebs _ g.m.) unda miakuT-
vnos yvela mZime danaSauli. `mZime danaSauli~, konven-
ciis me-2 muxliT, niSnavs danaSauls, romelic isjeba
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis maqsimaluri vadiT, aranakleb
4 wlisa an sasjelis ufro mkacri zomiT. im saxelmwi-
foebma, romelTa kanonmdeblobac adgens specifikuri
ZiriTadi danaSaulebis CamonaTvals, maT minimum, aseT
siebSi (katalogSi) unda Seitanon im samarTaldarRve-
vaTa amomwuravi CamonaTvali, romlebic dakavSirebu-
lia organizebul danaSaulebriv jgufebTan.
evropis sabWos 1990 wlis konvencia `danaSaulebrivi

gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis garecxvis, gamovlenis,
dayadaRebisa da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb~, Semosavlad Tv-
lis nebismier ekonomikur sargebels, romelic SeZe-
nilia danaSaulebrivi gziT. predikatuli danaSauli
niSnavs nebismier danaSauls, romlis Sedegadac miRebu-
li iqna Semosavali, rac SeiZleba am konvenciis me-6 mux-
liT miTiTebuli danaSaulis (anu Semosavlebis garecx-
vis danaSaulis) sagani gaxdes.
FATF-is pirveli rekomendacia predikatul samar-
TaldarRvevebs exeba da maT seriozulobaze amaxvi-
lebs yuradRebas. kerZod, FATF-is pirveli rekomen-
762
daciis mixedviT, predikatuli samarTaldarRvevebis
gansazRvris dros gamoyenebuli unda iqnes iseTi kri-
teriumebi, rogoricaa samarTaldarRvevis serio-
zulobis kategoria, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada, an
predikatuli samarTaldarRvevebis CamonaTvali anda
amgvari midgomis kombinacia. yovelma saxelmwifom
unda gansazRvros fulis garecxvasTan dakavSirebuli
romeli samarTaldarRveva unda CaiTvalos mZime da-
naSaulad. evrokavSiris sabWos CarCo gadawyvetile-
bebSi, romlebic fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolas exeba
(91/308/evg, 2001/97/eg, 2005/60/eg da sxv.), dasjad qmedeba-
Ta katalogi mianiSnebs, rom mxedvelobaSia organize-
buli danaSaulis gamovlenis formebi da ara nebismieri
samarTaldarRveva. yvela evrodireqtiva xazs usvams
swored danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis
gaTeTrebis dasjis aucileblobas. evrodireqtivebiT
gansazRvruli predikatuli danaSaulebis katalogi
FATF-s rekomendaciebiT SemoTavazebuli katalogis
analogiuria. FATF-s rekomendaciebis ganmartebaSi
vkiTxulobT, rom saxelmwifoebma unda ganixilon fu-
lis garecxvis danaSaulis cnebis SemoReba mZime kat-
egoriis danaSaulis an/da iseTi danaSaulebis analo-
giurad, romelTac didi odenobis Semosavlis miReba
axlavs. fulis gaTeTrebasTan dakavSirebulma predi-
katul danaSaulTa CamonaTvalma unda moicvas Semdegi
kategoriis qmedebebi: organizebul danaSaulebriv
jgufSi da reketSi monawileoba, terorizmi _ misi da-
finansebis CaTvliT _ adamianebiT vaWroba, seqsual-
uri eqspluatacia _ bavSvTa eqspluataciis CaTvliT,
narkotikuli saSualebebiT da fsiqotropuli niv-
TierebebiT vaWroba, iaraRiT vaWroba, moparuli nivTe-
biT da sxva sakuTrebiT ukanono vaWroba, korufcia,
motyueba da TaRliToba, fulis gayalbeba, saavtoro
uflebebis darRveva da inteleqtualuri produqtis
763
mekobreoba, danaSauli garemos winaaRmdeg, mkvleloba
da sxeulis mZime dazianeba, motaceba, Tavisuflebis
ukanono aRkveTa da mZevlad xelSi Cagdeba, qurdoba,
kontrabanda, gamoZalva, dokumentebis gayalbeba, meko-
breoba, manipulaciebi bazarze.
ukrainis 2002 wlis kanoniT danaSaulebrivi gziT miRe-

buli Semosavlebis legalizaciis aRkveTis Sesaxeb,
Semosavali niSnavs nebismier ekonomikur sargebels,
romelic miRebulia sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebis Cadenis Sedegad da romelic
win uswrebda Semosavlebis legalizacias (garecxvas).
sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, marTlsawinaaRmdego qmede-
ba, romelic win uswrebs Semosavlebis legalizacias
(garecxvas) _ es aris qmedeba, romlisTvisac ukrain-
is ssk-iT gaTvaliswinebulia sasjeli Tavisuflebis
aRkveTiT 3 da meti wlis vadiT (garda ukrainis ssk-is
207-e (ucxour valutaSi Semosavlis dabrunebisTvis
Tavis arideba) da 212-e muxlisa (gadasaxadisTvis Tav-
is arideba) an romelic danaSauladaa aRiarebuli sxva
saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT da aseve ase-
Tive qmedebisTvis pasuxismgebloba gaTvaliswinebulia
ukrainis ssk-iT da romlis ganxorcielebiT miRebulia
ukanono Semosavali.
danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis legal-

izaciasTan brZolis Sesaxeb ruseTis federaciis 2001N
wlis kanoniT, Semosavali niSnavs danaSaulis Cadenis
Sedegad miRebul qonebas (finansuri xasiaTis dana-
Saulebis gamoklebiT). Tu, ukanono Semosavlis miRebis
xerxi, qonebis SeZenis momentSi ar warmoadgenda dana-
Sauls da Semdgom iqca aseTad, maSin finansuri opera-
ciebi da sxva garigebebi am qonebis mimarT ar qmnis le-
galizaciis danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, iseve rogorc,
764
Semosavlis miReba danaSaulebrivi gziT, romelic
Semdgom dekriminalizebuli iqna da Semdgomi finans-
uri operaciebi an garigebebi mis mimarT ar qmnis le-
galizaciis Semadgenlobas. ruseTis ssk-Si 2002 wlis
1 Tebervals Setanil cvlilebebs, `romliTac Semosav-
lis miRebis ùkanono~ xerxi, Seicvala `danaSaulebri-
viT~, marTebulad miiCneven iuridiul literatur-
aSi. es imitom gakeTda, rom swored danaSaulebrivi
gziT miRebuli qonebis legalizaciaze dadgeniliyo
sisxlissamarTlebrivi akrZalva da ara administraci-
uli samarTaldarRvevis, samsaxurebrivi gadacdomis
an samoqalaqo deliqtis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlis
gaTeTrebaze.18
amave dros akritikeben ruseTis kanonmdeblobas, ro-

melic predikatul danaSaulTa wridan amoricxavs fi-
nansuri xasiaTis danaSaulebs. es arRvevs kanonis winaSe
moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis princips da sirTuleebs uqm-
nis samarTalSefardebiT praqtikas _ ukanono Semosav-
lis warmomavlobis dadgenis dros. legalizatorebma
es gamonaklisebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon Tavisebur far-
ad pasuxismgeblobisgan Tavis dasaRwevad. magaliTad,
amtkicon, rom Semosavali gadasaxadebis gadauxdelo-
biT miiRes.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Semosavlis legalizaciis pre-

dikatul danaSaulTa wridan gamonaklisebs saqarT-
velos kanonmdeblobac iTvaliswinebda, rac amJamad
ukve gauqmebulia, manivalis rekomendaciebis safuZ-
velze 2007 wlis 4 ivliss ssk-is 194-e muxlidan amoRe-
bul iqna legalizaciis sagnis finansuri Rirebulebis
barieri (5000 lari). amiT sagadasaxado sferoSi Cadenil
danaSaulebis mimarT liberalizms bolo moeRo. ufro
Seurigebeli damokidebulebaa gadasaxadebis damalvis
18
o. iakimovi, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 65.
765
mimarT sazRvargareTul samarTalSi. am gziT miRebul
Semosavals yvela `WuWyian~ fulad aRiarebs. saqarT-
velos kanonmdebloba legalizaciisTvis sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis minimalur finansur
zRvars ar adgens, magram Llegalizebuli Semosavlis
raodenoba, vTqvaT `didi odenoba~, pasuxismgeblobis
damZimebis safuZvelia. es midgomac marTebulia, radgan
legalizatorebs SeuZliaT didi Tanxebis daqucmaceba
da pasuxismgeblobisgan Tavis daRweva. finansuri op-
eraciebis struqturirebis meqanizmebi kargad aqvs aT-
visebuli damnaSaveTa samyaros, magram amave dros, ar
SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom Cvenma kanonmdebelma metis-
metad gaafarTova sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis sazRvrebi, roca legalizaciis sagnad aRiara
ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qoneba da amiT predi-
katul danaSaulTa Soris nebismieri samarTaldar-
Rveva moiazra, maT Soris administraciuli gadacdoma
an samoqalaqo deliqtic. aman bevr usamarTlobas da
ukanonobas SeiZleba daudos saTave. Cven iseT saxelm-
wifoSi vicxovreT aTeuli wlebi, sadac qonebis SeZena
kanonis moTxovnaTa darRveviT problemas ar warmoad-
genda, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis
darRveviT uZravi qonebis SeZena, floba, sargebloba,
gadacema da misT.
rogorc aRiniSna, Cveni kanonmdebeli danaSaulis sagnad

miiCnevs ara marto danaSaulebrivi, aramed sxvagvari
kanondarRvevis gziT mopovebul qonebas. danaSaulis
sagnis amgvari gansazRvra gaumarTleblad afarToebs
danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, amave dros ewinaaRmdegeba
strasburgis konvenciis pirveli Tavis pirveli muxlis
Sinaarss, romlis mixedviTac qoneba aucileblad daka-
vSirebuli unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTan.
766
vinaidan, normatiuli aqtebis ierarqiaSi saerTaSoriso
konvencia qveynis Sida mimdinare kanonze maRla dgas, ssk
194-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi sityvebi: “kanonis moTxovnaTa
darRveviT” unda gavigoT, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis
kanonis moTxovnaTa darRveva. amdenad, qoneba an misgan
miRebuli Semosavali pirs miRebuli unda hqondes dana-
Saulebrivi gziT.
rac Seexeba dausabuTebel qonebas, 194-e muxlis SeniS-

vnis mixedviT aseTad iTvleba qoneba, agreTve am qone-
bidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili), romlis /
romelTa kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadas-
turebeli dokumentebi pirs, misi ojaxis wevrs, axlo
naTesavs an dakavSirebul pirs ar gaaCnia, an igi mopove-
bulia ukanono qonebis gasxvisebis Sedegad miRebuli
fuladi saxsrebiT.
amdenad, dausabuTebeli qoneba aris ori saxis: 1. qoneba,

romlis kanonieri saSualebiT mopovebis damadasture-
beli dokumenti pirs ar gaaCnia;
2. qoneba, romelic mopovebulia ukanono qonebis gasx-

visebis (magaliTad, gayidvis, gacvlis) gziT.
rogorc vxedavT, fulis gaTeTrebis sagani aris is-

eTi qonebac, romlis kanonieri saSualebiT mopovebis
damadasturebeli dokumenti pirs (an pirebs) ar gaaC-
niaT. amdenad, aq mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, es qoneba da-
naSaulebrivi gziTaa mopovebuli Tu ara. amasTan, Tuki
pirvel SemTxvevaSi (ukanono qoneba) mtkicebis tvirTi
bralmdebels awevs (man unda amtkicos, Tu konkretu-
lad romeli kanonis darRveviT aqvs pirs es qoneba mop-
ovebuli), meore SemTxvevaSi (dausabuTebeli qoneba)
mtkicebis tvirTi Tavad braldebulzea. e.i. man unda
amtkicos qonebis kanonieri warmomavloba. Tanac, es
767
unda amtkicos dokumenturad da ara sxvagvari mtkice-
bulebis moxmobiT (magaliTad, mowmeTa CvenebiT). sx-
vagvari mtkicebuleba mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba da pirs
ver gaamarTlebs.
ramdnad gamarTlebulia kanonmdeblis aseTi pozicia?
am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gaeces, jer unda gairkves, Tu ra

formiT xorcieldeba saqarTveloSi SromiTi saqmiano-
ba an momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli urTierToba da
aqedan warmoSobili anazRaureba.
saqarTvelo gansxvavdeba ganviTarebuli evropuli sax-

elmwifoebisagan, sadac nebismieri SromiTi saqmianoba
xelSekrulebiTaa mowesrigebuli Tundac es exebodes
fizikur pirebs. magaliTad, saremonto (binis remonti
an sxva samuSaoebis Catareba), sarepetitoro, samaswav-
leblo (cekvis maswavlebeli, romelic saxlSi utarebs
mowafes kerZo gakveTilebs), Sinamosamsaxuris, BbavS-
vebis ZiZis saqmianoba da sxva, mowesrigebulia xelSek-
rulebiT. es pirebi anazRaurebas iReben bankis meSveo-
biT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT saWiroebisas SeuZliaT,
warmoadginon saTanado dokumenti (xelSekruleba)
maTi Semosavlis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.
saqarTveloSi ki aseTi urTierTobisaTvis araa aucile-

beli xelSekrulebis dadeba. amdenad, SesaZlebelia,
piri wlebis ganmavlobaSi eweodes msgavs saqmianobas da
anazRaurebas iRebdes xelze. es anazRaureba, rogorc
wesi, araa im odenobis, rom sakiTxi dadges gadasaxa-
disagan Tavis aridebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobaze. saTvalavSia misaRebi isic, rom
saqarTveloSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs fuladi danazogis
bankSi Senaxvis kultura (rasac aqvs Tavisi obieqturi
da subieqturi mizezi). adamianebi amjobineben, fuli
768
Seinaxon saxlSi. sabolood, roca dadgeba dagrovili
Tanxis kanonieri warmomavlobis sakiTxi, Sesabamisi do-
kumentebis warmodgena SeuZlebeli xdeba, radgan igi
realurad ar arsebobs.
amdenad, msgavs SemTxvevaSi saxezea dausabuTebeli

qoneba, romelic SesaZlebelia, miCneuli iqnas ssk 194-
e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sagnad, Tuki
piri am TanxiT SeiZens vTqvaT, Zvirad Rirebul uZ-
rav qonebas da dokumenturad ver daasabuTebs fulis
kanonier warmomavlobas. arada am fulis mopovebaze
man wlebis ganmavlobaSi bevri “ofli Rvara”, didZali
sasargeblo Sroma Seasrula.
vfiqrobT, ssk 194-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-

lis sagnad dausabuTebeli qonebis gaTvaliswineba saqa-
rTvelos pirobebSi araa mizanSewonili, igi araa samar-
Tliani, radgan ar Seesabameba saqarTvelos realobas.
aseT pirobebSi naxevari saqarTvelo SeiZleba dasaWeri

gaxdes. miT ufro, rom danaSaulTan brZolis moti-
viT, zogjer, sasamarTlo praqtika kanonis ukuZalis
akrZalvasac ki ugulebelyofs. anda davuSvaT gangrZo-
badi formiT xdeba nivTis floba, an kidev ra vuyoT im
realobas, roca qveyanaSi arsebuli 250 000 devnilidan
romelime ver warmoadgens Tavisi qonebis kanonieri sa-
SualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebel dokumentebs,
dausabuTebel qonebad CavuTvaloT da CamovarTvaT?!
jojoxeTs gamoqceul adamianebs ra dokumentebis wa-
moRebaze unda efiqraT?
legalizaciis saganTan dakavSirebiT aseve mniSvnelo-

vania predikatuli danaSaulebis ne bis in idem princip-
Tan Tavsebadobis sakiTxi. ormagi dasjis akrZalva aq-
769
tualuria evropul sisxlis samarTalSic. am principze
arc saqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqss uTqvams uari. (ix. muxli 18.)
yvela saerTaSoriso konvencia am sferoSi xazgasmiT

ambobs, rom TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom, Tavisi
Sida kanonmdeblobis ZiriTadi principebis Sesabamisad,
unda miiRos sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebi. ase magali-
Tad, transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis wi-
naaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis me-6 muxlis meore punqtis
è~ qvepunqtis mixedviT, `Tu amas moiTxovs monawile
saxelmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobis ZiriTadi princi-
pebi, SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes, rom am muxlis
pirvel punqtSi aRniSnuli danaSaulebi ar exeba pirebs,
romelTac Caidines ZiriTadi samarTaldarRveva (e.i.
predikatuli danaSauli).
fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego evrokonvenciis me-6

muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba daTqmul
iqnes, rom pirvel punqtSi miTiTebuli danaSaulebi (anu
fulis garecxvisken mimarTuli qmedebebi _ g.m.) ar Se-
exeba im pirebs, romlebmac Caidines predikatuli dana-
Sauli. vfiqrob, es daTqmebi, erTi qmedebisaTvis orjer
dasjis gamoricxvas emsaxureba. TiToeul mxares, sax-
elmwifos, konvenciasTan mierTebis dros SeuZlia ga-
nacxados, rom me-6 muxlis pirveli punqtis debulebebi
gamoiyeneba mxolod predikatuli danaSaulebis an dan-
aSaulTa iseTi kategoriebis mimarT, romlebic miTiTe-
bulia ganacxadSi. yvela konvencia iTvaliswinebs ama
Tu im samarTlebrivi sistemis konstituciur princi-
pebs da fundamentur safuZvlebs.
saqarTvelos, Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT, arc pre-
dikatul danaSaulTa CamonaTvali da arc araviTari
daTqma konvenciebTan mimarTebiT ar gaukeTebia. dRe-
770
vandeli realobiT nebismieri samarTaldarRvevis Cad-
eniT miRebuli Semosavali SeiZleba iqces legalizebis
sagnad. gamodis, rom qurdma naqurdali nivTi rom Sein-
axos an gayidos qurdobasTan erTad fulis gaTeTrebi-
sTvisac unda agos pasuxi. rac winaaRmdegobaSia ne bis in
idem principTan. ufro metic, dRes saqarTvelos proku-
raturaSi ganixileba samewarmeo saqmianobis sferoSi
agreTve ekologiuri danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad miRe-
buli Semosavlebis ssk-is 194-e muxliT (ukanono Semo-
savlis legalizacia (fulis gaTeTreba) kvalifikaciis
SesaZlebloba Sesabamis predikatul danaSaulebTan
erTobliobiT. magaliTad, romelime firmam (an fizi-
kurma pirma) sxvisi sasaqonlo niSnis gamoyenebiT Semo-
savali rom miiRos da igi gamoiyenos, warmoebaSi Cados
an ubralod sabanko angariSze ganaTavsos, is ukve fu-
lis gaTeTrebasac axorcielebs, anda mis mier ukanono
samewarmeo saqmianobiT miRebuli SemosavliT sarge-
bloba an floba aseve Semosavlis gaTeTrebasac niSnavs,
an kidev, ukanonod gaCexili xe-buCqnariT rom isargeb-
los ekologiur danaSaulTan erTad Semosavlis gaTeT-
rebasac aqvs adgili. amave logikiT, Tu moxelem qrTami
aiRo, unda daisvas am Semosavlis SesaZlo legalizebis
Sefasebis sakiTxi da kvalifikacia samoxeleo dana-
SaulTan erTobliobiT moxdes. fulis gaTeTrebisken
mimarTuli konkretuli qmedeba romc ar iyos saxeze,
danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis floba da
sargebloba xom saxezea da erTi qmedebisTvis mainc or-
jer unda agos pasuxi moxelem.
ukanono an/da dausabuTebeli qoneba imdenad farToa,

rom Tu nivTis mpovnelma ar daicva samoqalaqo kod-
eqsis 191-e muxliT dadgenili moTxovnebi da gamoiy-
ena, gardaqmna, an sxva qmedeba ganaxorciela napovari
nivTis mimarT, man fulis gaTeTrebisTvis unda agos pa-
suxi, radgan es Semosavali ukanonoa.
771
arsena marabdeli raki danaSaulebrivi gziT naSovn
fuls saCuqrad gardaqmnida (mdidars arTmevs Raribs
aZlevs principiT), gamodis rom Turme fuls aTeTreb-
da. aseT saxaliso daskvnebamde mivalT, Tu predikat-
uli danaSaulis Camdens imavdroulad fulis gaTeT-
rebisTvisac davakisrebT pasuxismgeblobas.
rogorc vxedavT, ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis

sagnis problema seriozul gaazrebas moiTxovs da ise
martivad araa saqme, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZle-
ba moeCvenos vinmes. veravin uaryofs, rom ukanono Se-
mosavlis legalizaciis dros predikatul danaSauls
(samarTaldarRvevas) preudiciuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciiT gamowveuli ziani
unda Sefasdes winare kriminaluri qcevis SedegebiT,
fulis garecxva winare qmedebasTan Semxeblobis erT-
erTi formaa. am sakiTxs qvemoT davubrundebiT.
§ 5. Semosavlebis legalizaciis obieqturi Semadgen-

loba saerTaSoriso aqtebSi da nacionalur kanon-
mdeblobaSi
narkotikuli saSualebebis da fsiqotropuli nivTier-

ebebis ukanono brunvasTan brZolis Sesaxeb gaeros
(venis konvencia) 1989 wlis konvenciis me-3 muxlis в qve-
punqtis mixedviT, Semosavlis legalizacia niSnavs sa-
kuTrebis konversias an gadayvanas, Tu cnobilia, rom es
sakuTreba miRebulia amave muxlis à~ punqtSi miTiTe-
buli samarTaldarRvevebis Cadenis Sedegad, an masSi
monawileobiT, sakuTrebis ukanono wyaros dafarvis an
SeniRbvis mizniT, anda nebismieri pirisTvis daxmarebis
gawevis mizniT vinc monawileobs aseT samarTaldar-
RvevaSi, imisTvis rom Tavi aaridos pasuxismgeblobas
Tavisi qmedebisTvis. aseve, sakuTrebis namdvili xa-
772
siaTis, wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, gankargvis xerxis,
gadaadgilebis, sakuTrebaze namdvili uflebis an misi
kuTvnilebis dafarva an SeniRbva.

deg gaeros (palermos) 2000 wlis konvenciis me-6 mux-
lis mixedviT fulis gaTeTreba moicavs iseT qmede-
bebs, rogoricaa: winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi
gziT miRebuli qonebis gardaqmna an gadacema am qonebis
ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis an damalvis mizniT an
nebismieri im pirisTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT, ro-
melic ZiriTadi samarTaldarRvevis monawilea, raTa
Tavi aaridos sakuTari qmedebis samarTlebriv Sedege-
bze pasuxismgeblobas, aseve, winaswari SecnobiT dana-
Saulebrivi gziT miRebuli qonebis namdvili xasiaTis,
wyaros, adgilis, gankargvis xerxis, gadaadgilebis,
qonebaze uflebis an misi kuTvnilebis dafarva an da-
malva.
evropis sabWos fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmego 1990
wlis konvenciis me-6 muxlis mixedviT, legalizacia
moicavs iseT moqmedebebs rogoricaa: sakuTrebis
gardaqmna an gadacema, imis SecnobiT, rom aseTi sa-
kuTreba aris danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosava-
li, sakuTrebis ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis an SeniR-
bvis mizniT an nebismieri pirisTvis daxmarebis gawevis
mizniT vinc monawileobs predikatul danaSaulSi, raTa
Tavi daaRwios amgvari qmedebis samarTlebriv Sedegebs.
agreTve, qonebis namdvili xasiaTis, wyaros, adgilmde-
bareobis, mdgomareobis, gadaadgilebis, sakuTrebis
uflebis an misi kuTvnilebis dafarva an SeniRbva, imis
SecnobiT rom aseTi sakuTreba aris danaSaulebrivi
gziT miRebuli Semosavali.
amrigad, saerTaSoriso aqtebis mixedviT, legalizacia
773
aris danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis
transformacia, romlis mizania es qoneba legaluri
formebiT miRebulad warmoaCinos. aRsaniSnavia, rom
samive konvencia Semosavlis gaTeTrebis formad Tvlis
aseve, sakuTrebis SeZenas, flobas an gamoyenebas, Tu
misi miRebis momentSi cnobili iyo, rom es qoneba dana-
Saulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavalia.
rogorc vxedavT, saerTaSoriso aqtebSi ikveTeba fu-

lis gaTeTrebis sami tipis xerxi: 1. qonebis konversia an
gadayvana (gadaricxva), 2. qonebis SeniRbva an damalva. 3.
qonebis SeZena, floba, gamoyeneba.
saqarTvelos kanoni, ukanono Semosavlis legaliza-

ciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb, Semosavlis legal-
izaciis Semdeg ganmartebas gvTavazobs _ ukanono Se-
mosavlisTvis kanonieri saxis micema (SeZena, gamoyene-
ba, gadacema an sxva moqmedeba), agreTve, misi namdvili
warmoSobis, mesakuTris an mflobelis an/da qonebrivi
uflebebis damalva an SeniRbva anda aseTi qmedebis Cad-
enis mcdeloba. analogiur ganmartebas gvTavazobs ssk-
is 194-e muxlis – (ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia) _
dRevandeli redaqcia. saxeldobr, fulis gaTeTrebis
danaSaulis obieqturi mxare ori formiT SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes: pirveli ukanono an/da dausabuTebe-
li qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis micema (qonebiT sarge-
bloba, qonebis SeZena, floba, konversia, gadacema an
sxva moqmedeba) misi ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis
mizniT, da meore, qonebis namdvili bunebis, warmoSo-
bis wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis, moZrao-
bis, masze sakuTrebis an/da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva
uflebebis damalva an SeniRbva.
sisxlis samarTlis kanoni sanimuSod CamoTvlis ukanono
774
Semosavlis legalizaciis xerxebs.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia, rogorc wesi, ramden-

ime operaciisgan Semdgari procesia. arsebobs fulis
gaTeTrebis orsafexuriani, samsafexuriani, oTxsafex-
uriani modelebi. orsafexuriani modeli moicavs fu-
lis `garecxvas~ da brunvaSi dabrunebas. samsafexuri-
ani modeli gulisxmobs: 1) ganTavsebas e.i. aralegaluri
wyarodan fulis gadatanas legalurSi (magaliTad, sa-
banko gadaricxva sxva romelime qveyanaSi), 2) `kvalis
waSlas~ _ mravaljeradi finansuri operaciebi erTi
qveynidan meoreSi, 3) integracias, mravaljeradi finan-
suri operaciebis Semdeg legalizebuli saSualebebis
dabruneba oficialur ekonomikur ciklSi (magaliTad,
fulis ekonomikaSi ganTavseba an uZrav qonebaSi daban-
deba). gaeros eqspertebi gamoyofen fulis gaTeTrebis
4 stadias: 1) naRdi fulisagan gaTavisufleba da gad-
aricxva crumagieri pirebis angariSebze (magaliTad,
naTesavebze an sxva Suamavlebze, romelTac sakuTari
angariSebi aqvT bankebSi), 2) naRdi fuladi saSualebebis
ganawileba (magaliTad, fasiani qaRaldebis Sesyidva), 3)
Cadenili danaSaulis kvalis waSla, am stadiaze mTavari
amocanaa yvela zomis miReba, raTa veravin Seityos fu-
lis warmoSobis wyaro da ganawilebis adgilebi, 4) fu-
ladi masis integracia. garecxili fulis investireba
biznesis momgebian sferoSi.
amgvarad, ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia warmoad-

gens rTul process, is moicavs mravalferovan opera-
ciebs, romlebic xorcieldeba sxvadasxva meTodebiT
da xerxebiT. marTalia maT kvalifikaciisTvis mniSvn-
eloba ara aqvs, magram am danaSaulTan brZolisa da misi
prevenciisTvis es arsebiTia. zogadad, legalizaciis
ama Tu im xerxis, meTodis arCeva mraval faqtorzea
775
damokidebuli _ danaSaulis organizebis xarisxze,
danaSaulobis masStabze, fuladi saxsrebis moculo-
baze da sxva. amasTanave, legalizaciis procesis Semad-
geneli meTodebis Tu xerxebis zustad dadgenas arse-
biTi mniSvneloba aqvs qonebis namdvili bunebis, war-
moSobis wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, moZraobis, masze
sakuTrebis Tu masTan dakavSirebuli sxva uflebebis
dasadgenad. rogorc aRvniSneT, specialur literatu-
raSi da saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi aRiarebulia ukanono
Semosavlis legalizaciis procesis ramdenime stadiad
dayofa, Tumca es dayofa pirobiTia. am sakiTxs momdev-
no paragrafSi ganvixilavT.
§ 6. kriminaluri warmoSobis fulis garecxvis mod-

elebi (ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciis etapebi
_ stadiebi); qmedebis obieqturi mxaris realizaciis
specifika
rogorc ukve iTqva, TavisTavad fulis garecxva sakmaod

rTuli procesia danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis Semo-
savlebi gaivlis finansur sistemas maTi aralegaluri
warmomavlobis dasafaravad da kanonieri saxis misace-
mad. miuxedavad imisa, rom es procesi uamrav moqmede-
bas moicavs mTlianobaSi isini sam ZiriTad moqmedebaze
daiyvaneba. eqspertTa SefasebiT yvelaze tipiuria fu-
lis garecxvis swored samsafexuriani modeli.
pirveli moqmedeba (stadia) _ es aris ganTavseba (Place-

ment). fulis gaTeTrebis procesis pirvel stadiaze
xdeba aralegaluri Semosavlebis legalur formebSi
gadayvana. es SeiZleba ganxorcieldes fulis deponi-
rebiT adgilobriv bankebSi an sxva finansur daweseb-
ulebebSi. naRdi fuli SeiZleba gadatanili iqnes saz-
RvargareT, iqaur safinanso dawesebulebebSi deponi-
rebisTvis an gamoyenebul iqnes Zvirfasi nivTebis Sesa-
Zenad.
776
ganTavseba _ gulisxmobs naRdi fuladi saSualebebis
fizikur moTavsebas safinanso institutSi, warmo-
Sobis adgilidan moSorebul teritoriaze, radgan,
am stadiaze damnaSavis ZiriTadi mizania naRdi fu-
lis amoReba SeZenis adgilmdebareobidan da misi sxva
formebSi gadayvana (mobilur finansur instrumenteb-
Si ganTavseba). fulis ganTavsebisaTvis gamoiyeneba ro-
gorc tradiciuli, ise aratradiciuli safinanso dawe-
sebulebebi. tradiciuli safinanso dawesebulebebidan
aRsaniSnavia bankebi, arasabanko safinanso-sakredito
institutebi (sainvesticio fondebi, sadazRvevo kom-
paniebi, sapensio fondebi, safinanso kompaniebi da sxv.).
ukanono Semosavlebis garecxvaSi sakredito sistemis

gamosayeneblad legalizatorebi bankebSi xsnian an-
gariSebs danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis gansaTavseblad;
fiqtiuri an likvidirebuli organizaciis beWdis, blan-
kis an sxva saidentifikacio dokumentebis gamoyenebiT
xsnian angariSs angariSsworebisTvis ukanono fulis
Casaricxad, an am organizaciis saxeliT bankidan fulis
Semdgomi gadaricxvisTvis fiqtiuri kontraqtis Sesas-
ruleblad, axorcieleben fiqtiur sabanko operaciebs
erTi da imave piris mier dafuZnebul ramdenime orga-
nizacias Soris, fizikurad gaaqvT fuli da aTavseben
sazRvargareTul bankebSi da a. S.
specialistebis SefasebiT damnaSaveebi tradiciul

safinanso dawesebulebebs Semdegi meTodebiT iyeneben:
naRdi fulis gardaqmna finansur instrumentebad, wvr-
ili banknotebis gadacvla msxvil kupiurebze an fulis
gadacvla sxva valutaze, naRdi fuliT operaciebis
struqturireba (anabrebis danawevrebis teqnika), safi-
nanso dawesebulebaze kontrolis damyareba, bankebs
Soris sakorespondento urTierTobebis gamoyeneba,
yalbi auditoruli kvalis Seqmna, ukanono saSuale-
bebis sazRvargareT gadayvana, satranzito angariSebis
777
gamoyeneba, sesxis garantiis meqanizmi, kanonieri da
ukanono saSualebebis Serwyma da sxv.19
eqspertebi fulis garecxvis pirvel stadiaze ga-

vrcelebul meTodad Tvlian naRdi fuliT operacie-
bis struqturirebas. ganxorcielebuli safinanso
operaciebis masStabebis SezRudva (anabari, fuladi
instrumentis Sesyidva, valutis gacvla) safinanso in-
stitutis monitorings daqvemdebarebuli operaciis
(garigebis) angariSgebis specialuri formebis Sevsebi-
sgan Tavis daRwevis mizniT xdeba. Semdeg, fulis gada-
tana xdeba sxva angariSze, rogorc wesi, sxva qveyanaSi.
magaliTad, saqarTveloSi bankebis monitorings eqvem-
debareba piris mier dadebuli an Sesrulebuli garigeba
anda misi danawevrebis mizniT dadebul an Sesrulebul
garigebaTa erToblioba, Tu garigebis an garigebaTa
erTobliobis Tanxa aRemateba 30000 lars, an mis ekviva-
lents sxva valutaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, damnaSave Sei-
Zleba Seecados kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil zRvars ze-
moT ar dados garigeba, safinanso institutis Tvalis
asaxvevad daanawevros igi.
naRdi fuliT operaciebis struqturirebaSi damna-

Saveebs did daxmarebas uwevs safinanso dawesebule-
baze an mis personalze danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
mxridan kontrolis damyareba. am SemTxvevaSi fulis
garecxvaSi erTvebian bankebis xelmZRvanelebi da mosam-
saxureebi, romlebic exmarebian kriminalebs angariSe-
bze fulis danawevrebaSi, sabanko angariSis gamoyeneba-
Si, anabrebiT mravaljeradi operaciebis ganxorciele-
baSi da fulis moxsnaSi.
fulis gasaTeTreblad bankebs Soris sakorespondento

urTierTobebis gamoyenebis dros xdeba ukanono Tanxe-
19
Отмывание грязных денег, кол. авторов, Киев, 2003, с. 22.
778
bis bank-korespondentebTan gadagzavna da bankTaSori-
si gadayvanis garegnuli saxis micema. aseTi meTodi dam-
naSaveebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs gansakuTrebiT didi
Tanxebi gadaaadgilon da dokumenturad operaciis nam-
dvili arsi miCqmalon.
yalbi auditoruli kvalis Seqmna gulisxmobs ganzrax

iseTi dokumentebis gamoyenebas, romlebic niRbaven
ukanonod miRebuli Semosavlebis namdvil wyaros, me-
sakuTreebs da adgilmdebareobas. eqspertebis dak-
virvebiT, klientebis identifikaciis sistemis sru-
lyofasTan dakavSirebiT crumagier pirebze gaxsnili
angariSebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi ramdenadme Sem-
cirda, magram gaxSirda angariSebis gaxsnis SemTxveve-
bi mSoblebis, naTesavebis, kompanionebis da nebismieri
sxva pirebis saxelze, romlebic damnaSaveTa miTiTebe-
biT moqmedeben.
fulis realuri mflobelebis dasafaravad xdeba cru-

magieri makontrolebeli kompaniebis Seqmna, romlebic
rogorc wesi, sxva qveynebSia daregistrirebuli, maTi
buRalteria xelmiuwvdomelia xelisuflebisTvis da
xelmZRvaneloba Soridan xdeba, anonimuri instruqcie-
biT. es kompaniebi, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba uZravi
qonebis SesaZenad fulis dasagroveblad da cru gako-
trebis gansaxorcieleblad.
ukanono Semosavlebis sazRvargareT gadayvana, ro-
gorc ganTavsebis meTodi, xorcieldeba sxvadasxva fi-
nansuri garigebebis meSveobiT iseTi instrumentebis
gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa satelegrafo gzavnili, Ceki,
akreditivi, Tamasuqi da sxva. amisaTvis sxvadasxva me-
Todi gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, sesxis garantiis meqan-
izmi aris meTodi, romelic zogierT qveyanaSi naRdi
fulis kontrabandisaTvis gamoiyeneba. misi arsi imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom naRdi fuli sxva qveyanaSi gadai-
779
taneba, xolo Semdeg gamoiyeneba garantiad sabanko ses-
xisaTvis, romelic WuWyiani fulis warmoSobis qveya-
naSi gadaiyvaneba. es meTodi garecxil fuls ara marto
namdvili sesxis saxes aZlevs, aramed garkveuli saga-
dasaxado SeRavaTebic axlavs.
eqspertebis SefasebiT `WuWyiani~ fulis legalur

sabanko sesxad gadaqceva fulis garecxvis sakmaod ga-
vrcelebuli meTodia. sqema daaxloebiT aseTia: pir-
vel etapze WuWyiani fuli wvrili anabrebis saxiT (10
000 dolarze naklebi) sxvadasxva Sualedur bankebSi
SeaqvT, Semdeg fuli sagadasaxado òazisSi~ gadaigza-
vneba, momdevno etapze sxvadasxva banks Soris fiqtiuri
operaciebis seria xorcieldeba im mizniT, rom SeuZle-
beli gaxdes fulis warmomavlobis dadgena. amis Sem-
deg fuli respeqtabelur bankSi gadaigzavneba, ufro
xSirad SveicariaSi, romelime cru firmis saxelze.
bolo etapze, Tavisi klientis moTxovnis safuZvelze
Sveicaruli banki Tanxmdeba sxva qveynis, vTqvaT, sa-
frangeTis bankis sesxis garantiebze. franguli banki
ki, Tavis mxriv, aZlevs sesxebs legalur firmebs, rom-
lebsac sinamdvileSi kriminaluri organizaciebi akon-
troleben.20
WuWyiani fulis kreditis garantiad gamoyenebisas, cx-

adia, kreditis gamcemma bankma raRaca sargebeli unda
miiRos, sxvanairad warmoudgenelia krediti gasces.
eqspertebis azriT, aseT finansur operaciaSi banki
kreditis odenobis 20-25% mainc moiTxovs. sabanko per-
sonalTan winaswari SeTanxmebis gareSe aseTi garigeba
ar Sedgeba. kreditis gamcemma bankma vinmes fuli rom
gauTeTros aucileblad sargebels mosTxovs, sxva-
nairad raSi unda awyobdes aseT saeWvo operaciaSi
20
ix. r. oTinaSvili, Crdilovani ekonomika, Tb., 2001, gv. 51.
780
monawileoba. rom ara finansuri interesi, banki etyoda
kreditis msurvels gadmoricxe Seni fuli CemTan da
gaitaneo, magram igi amas ar (ver) akeTebs. fulis gamTe-
Trebels aseT pirdapir safinanso operacias urCevnia
gzebi daxlarTos.
safinanso sistemis gavliT fuladi saSualebebis sazR-

vargareT gadasayvanad fizikur pirebs SeuZliaT gamoi-
yenon satranzito angariSebi (mravaljeradi angariSi
mravali klientisTvis), eWvis gasafantad SesaZlebelia
Tanxebis danawevrebac, Tumca, Tu Tanxis mimRebi erTi
piri iqneba da ramdenime fizikuri piri gadaricxavs
Tanxas danawevrebis mizniT, bankis monitoringis sam-
saxuris yuradRebas miiqcevs, amitom yovelgvari eWvis
gasafantad Tanxis mimRebic ramdenime adresati unda
iyos. amgvari tranzaqcia monitorings ar eqvemdebare-
ba. kriminalebs es meTodi aTvisebuli aqvT.
WuWyiani fulis ganTavseba xdeba aratradiciul safin-

anso dawesebulebebSic. aratradiciuls uwodeben ara-
sabanko safinanso dawesebulebebs, romlebic faqto-
brivad axorcieleben sabanko momsaxurebas, rogoricaa
savaluto birJebi, fasiani qaRaldebisa da Zvirfasi
liTonebis brokerebi, kazinoebi, satelegrafo da sa-
fosto momsaxurebis organizaciebi, sadazRvevo kom-
paniebi da sxv.
fulis garecxvisTvis aratradiciuli finansuri dawe-
sebulebebis gamoyenebis konkretuli teqnologiebi
damokidebulia mraval faqtorze, rac ganpirobebulia
am dawesebulebaTa saqmianobis samarTlebrivi reguli-
rebis TaviseburebebiT sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.
saqarTvelos arasabanko finansuri seqtori warmodge-

nilia 17 sakredito kavSiriT, 39 mikrosafinanso orga-
781
nizaciiT, 1 safondo birJiT, 16 sadazRvevo kompaniiT
da 6 arasaxelmwifo sapensio fondiT.
saqarTveloSi aJamad sasaqonlo birJa ar aris, xolo

safondo birJa ver funqcionirebs. arsebuli mdgomare-
obiT saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis bazari adreuli
ganviTarebis procesSia da kompaniebisTvis jer kidev
ver iqca kapitalis moZiebis mniSvnelovan wyarod. ami-
tom es instrumenti Cveni ekonomikis masStabebidan ga-
momdinare, naklebad gamosayenebelia Semosavlebis gaTe-
TrebaSic. rac Seexeba brokerebs, ramdenadac brokeris
ZiriTadi saqmianoba Suamavlobaa, mas SeuZlia, magali-
Tad, Zvirfasi liTonis Sesyidvis xelSekruleba klien-
tisTvis xelsayrel fasad dados, risTvisac momsaxure-
baSi did Tanxas moiTxovs (sakomisio), am Tanxas ki Semdeg
isev klients, anu fulis gamTeTrebels daubrunebs. maSa-
sadame, brokerebma savaWro SuamavlobiT SeiZleba didi
fuli iSovnon, maRali momsaxurebis fasiT, romelsac
gaunawileben fulis gamTeTrebels. am sqemis gamoyeneba
saqarTveloSic SesaZlebelia.
eqspertebi Tvlian, rom bolo periodSi, aratradiciul

safinanso organizaciebs ufro xSirad iyeneben ukanono
Semosavlebis gasaTeTreblad, rac imiTaa gamowveuli,
rom fulis garecxvasTan sabrZolvelad kanonmdeblo-
ba sabanko seqtorSi ufro srulyofilia.
danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis ganTavsebisas ara-
tradiciuli safinanso dawesebulebebis gamoyenebis
gavrcelebuli meTodebia: kanonieri da ukanono fond-
ebis Serwyma, naRdi fuliT qonebis SeZena, valutis
ukanono gatana.
kanonieri da ukanono fondebis Serwyma efuZneba fulis

garecxvis mizniT im sawarmoTa gamoyenebas, romlebSic
782
mniSvnelovani raodenobis naRdi fuli Cveulebrivi da
kanonieri movlenaa (magaliTad, restornebi, barebi,
sastumroebi da sxv.), aq kanonieri operaciebis masaSi
ukanono Semosavlebis damalva sakmaod iolia.
saqarTveloSi restornebis da kafe barebis gamoyene-

ba fulis gaTeTrebis sqemebSi naklebad savaraudoa,
radganac maT didi Semosavlebi ar aqvT da rogorc ki
did brunvas aCveneben, maSinve TvalSi sacemi gaxdeba.
amasTanave, Cvens xelisuflebas aseTi sagadasaxado
strategia aqvs arCeuli: Tu raRac periodSi sawarmom
didi brunva aCvena, Semdeg ki Caagdo (an Cauvarda) bizne-
si, bolo periodis dabegvras imave ganakveTiT ukeTeben
rogorc wina, momgebiani saangariSo periodis dros.
Semosavlebis samsaxuri restornebsa da sazkvebis obi-
eqtebs qronometraJis wesiT amowmebs, rac SemdegSi
mdgomareobs: sagadasaxado organoebi garkveuli peri-
odis ganmavlobaSi akvirdebian sawarmos muSaobas, swav-
loben Semosavals da adareben mas gasuli periodis Se-
mosavalTan, sxvaobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi soliduri
jarimaa dadgenili. finansTa ministris 2009 wlis 8 se-
qtembris brZanebiT, sagadasaxado organoebs daevalaT
qronometraJis Sedegebi wina wlebze gaevrcelebinaT,
anu Tu mimdinare wels restornis brunva gacilebiT
ufro maRali iyo, vidre gasul wels, mis mepatrones
uzarmazari TanxiT ajarimebdnen, ris gamoc araerTi bi-
znesmeni gakotrda. mogvianebiT mTavrobam aRiara, rom
es wesi usamarTlo iyo da axal sagadasaxado kodeqsSi
cvlileba Seitana, saxeldobr, sawarmos erTi kviris Se-
mosavals wina kviris brunvasTan adareben. Tu Semosav-
lebis samsaxuris TanamSromeli aRricxavs, rom sxvaoba
10%-iT metia, mewarme sxvaobis Tanxis ocmagi odenobiT
jarimdeba _ sagadasaxado kodeqsis 257-e muxli. amitom
restornebis bizness naklebad uRirT didi masStabis
783
fulis gaTeTrebis operaciebSi CarTva, ararealurad
didi Semosavlebis CvenebiT, rac maSinve TvalSi sacemi
gaxdeba sagadasaxado organoebisTvis. amgvarad, es bi-
znesi imdenad kontrolirebadia CvenisTana patara qvey-
anaSi, rom naklebad mosalodnelia fulis gaTeTrebis
sqemebSi maTi CarTva. rac Seexeba sastumroebis bizness,
aq eqspertebs garkveuli eWvebi aqvT, isini Tvlian rom
sastumroebi ukanono Semosavlis gaTeTrebis erT-erTi
saSualebaa CvenTan. 2004 wels erT-erTi saerTaSoriso
organizacia dainteresda Tu ra xdeboda Cvens sastum-
roebSi. Camovida 28 eqsperti, romlebic ganawildnen
sxvadasxva sastumroebSi. isini monacvleobdnen erTi-
dan meore sastumroSi. erTi wlis Semdeg daido daskvna,
cxadia saidumlod, Tu ra raodenobis Semosavali hqon-
daT maT da saidan. am daskvniT, sastumroebis realuri
Semosavali ar SeiZleba iyos imdeni, rac maT aqvT dafiq-
sirebuli. daskvnaSi isic weria, rom sastumroebis erT-
erTi ZiriTadi Semosavlis wyaro aris prostitucia.21
mogvianebiT Semosavlebis samsaxurma sastumroebis
Semowmebac qronometraJis wesiT daiwyo. amJamad ra vi-
Tarebaa iq, sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs.
qonebis SeZena naRdi fuliT (manqanebi, iaxtebi, aqciebi,

fufunebis sagnebi an uZravi nivTebi) fulis garecxvis
mniSvnelovan xerxad iTvleba. saeWvod didi raodeno-
bis naRdi fuli gadaiyvaneba imave Rirebulebis, magram
naklebad saeWvo formebSi, an SeiZineba qoneba, romelic
momavalSi danaSaulebrivi mizniT iqneba gamoyenebuli.
am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTveloSi fulis gaTeTrebis

saukeTeso saSualeba iyo mSeneblobis biznesi, romel-
ic dRes krizisSia. wlebis manZilze Savi fuli ideboda
binebis mSeneblobebSi, Semdeg es binebi iyideboda da am
sqemiT WuWyiani fuli TeTrdeboda.
21
ix. www. asavali.ge 2009 N 51.
784
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi sesxis uzrunvelyofis
saxeebSi 54% ukavia uZrav qonebas. Tu es qoneba WuWyiani
fuliT aris SeZenili da Semdgom sabanko sesxis garan-
tiad gamoyenebuli, es fulis gaTeTrebis sqemaa. vin
uwyis WuWyiani fuliT SeZenili uZravi qonebis uzrun-
velyofiT, ramdeni sabanko sesxia gatanili ukanono Se-
mosavlis legalizebisTvis?
valutis ukanono gatana _ xorcieldeba ori formiT

_ fizikuri gataniT da finansuri operaciebis meS-
veobiT. FATF-is wevri qveynebis umravlesoba aRiarebs
danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis saSualebebis moculo-
bis gazrdas, romelic kontrabanduli gziT Sedis sxva
saxelmwifoTa finansur sistemaSi gansaTavseblad. amas
xels uwyobs mraval evropul qveyanaSi naRdi fulis
moZraobaze sasazRvro kontrolis ararseboba.
fulis garecxvisTvis aseve gamoiyeneba savaluto op-

eraciebis ganmaxorcielebeli dawesebulebebi. maTi
muSaoba ar aris iseTi mkacrad reglamentirebuli,
rogorc tradiciuli finansuri institutebis saqmi-
anoba. amave dros, klientebs iseT momsaxurebas sTava-
zoben, rac damnaSaveTa interess iwvevs _ valutis gacv-
la, wvrili kupiurebis msxvilze gadacvla, evroCekebis,
samgzavro Cekebis fulze gadacvla da sxv. savaluto
operaciebTan dakavSirebuli dawesebulebebi SesaZle-
blobas iZleva ukanono da kanonieri Semosavlebi Seer-
wyas erTmaneTs.
fuladi gzavnilebis ganmaxorcielebeli organizacie-

bi fulis gadagzavnas axorcieleben rogorc qveynis
SigniT, ise sazRvargareT telegrafis, kurierebis,
faqsebis, kompiuteruli qselis meSveobiT da sxva saSu-
alebebiT. isini, aseve yidian an uSveben iseT sagadasaxa-
785
do instrumentebs, rogoricaa samgzavro Cekebi, fu-
ladi orderebi da sxv. maTi ZiriTadi funqciaa fulis
gagzavna sazRvargareT maTTvis, visac ar SeuZlia urT-
ierToba daamyaros tradiciul safinanso dawesebule-
bebTan. am dawesebulebaTa popularoba fulis garecx-
vis saqmeSi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maTi saqmianoba
naklebadaa reglamentirebuli kanoniT, vidre bankebis
saqmianoba.
kazino da azartuli TamaSebis sxva dawesebulebebi (ip-

odromebi, sportuli totalizatorebi, bingo, loto
da sxv.) fulis garecxvis did SesaZleblobebs floben.
is aralegaluri da kanonieri fondebis Serwymis kargi
saSualebaa. azartuli TamaSebis industria aqtiurad
iyenebs naRd fuls da Tavis klientebs anonimurobiT
uzrunvelyofs, kazinoebi aseve sTavazoben iseT fi-
nansur operaciebs rogoricaa: kreditis, seifis micema,
Cekebis gayidva, fulis gadagzavna.
saTamaSo saxlebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gansakuTrebu-

li atmosfero da martivi procedurebi idealuri adg-
ilia fulis garecxvisTvis. fulis garecxvas SeiZleba
xeli Seuwyos kazinos (an sxva saTamaSo saxlis) korum-
pirebuli personalis daxmarebam, romelic uzrunve-
lyofs marTlsawinaaRmdego zemoqmedebas TamaSis msv-
lelobaze. saubari aRaraa TviT firmis marTvaSi krimi-
nalebis SeRwevis SesaZleblobebze (magaliTad, firmis
marTvis aqciebis sakontrolo paketis Sesyidva). am Sem-
TxvevaSi mTlianad saTamaSo saxli SeiZleba iqces fu-
lis garecxvis instrumentad.
fulis garecxvis kidev ufro efeqtur saSualebas war-

moadgens onlain kazino. virtualuri kazinoebis umrav-
lesoba bevr SekiTxvebs ar usvams momxmarebels, romel-
786
ic angariSs xsnis. xSirad TamaSis dawyeba SeiZleba sa-
kuTari saxelisa da eleqtronuli fostis miTiTebiT.
fulis garecxvis umartives xerxad Tvlian angariSis
gaxsnas, masze fulis Caricxvas da Semdeg mis moxsnas.
amis Semdeg SeiZleba amtkico, rom es fuli mogebulia
onlain kazinoSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saTamaSo biznesis
popularoba qselSi swrafi tempiT izrdeba. aseulo-
biT saTamaSo saitebi ixsneba ofSorul zonebSi, riTac
es kompaniebi Tavs aRweven sakuTari qveynebis iuris-
diqcias, ganviTarebuli sakanonmdeblo da policiuri
sistemiT da xels uwyoben WuWyiani fulis garecxvaSi
sxvadasxva danaSaulebriv dajgufebebs.
saqarTveloSi saTamaSo biznesi sakmaod didi gadasaxa-

diT ibegreba. magaliTad, TbilisSi kazino yovelwli-
urad ixdis licenziis gadasaxads 5 milioni laris ode-
nobiT da yovelkvartalurad fiqsirebul gadasaxads
30000 laris odenobiT TiToeul magidaze. Tumca isic
aRsaniSnavia, rom es adgilobrivi gadasaxadia da sxva-
dasxva tarifiT ibegreba sxvadasxva regionSi. kazinoebi
turistul zonebSi gaTavisuflebulia am gadasaxadisa-
gan. saqarTveloSi ramdenad CarTulia saTamaSo saxle-
bi fulis garecxvis sqemebSi, Zneli saTqmelia, radgan
konkretuli informacia ver movipoveT.
FATF-is monacemebiT, fulis gaTeTrebaSi mniSvnelo-

van rols asruleben advokatebi, notariusebi, audi-
torebi, samarTlisa da ekonomikis sxva eqspertebi _
`darajebi~. momsaxurebis am sferoSi moRvawe adamian-
ebs kvalificiuri specialuri codna gaaCniaT da didi
daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT Semosavlebis garecxvis
sqemebis SemuSavebaSi, yalbi auditoruli kvalis Seqm-
naSi, Tanac isini Znelad xvdebian samarTaldamcavTa Sav
siaSi eWvmitanil pirebad.
787
fulis garecxvasTan sabrZolvelad kanonmdeblobis
gamkacrebis kvalobaze damnaSaveebi xSirad mimarTaven
aseTi specialistebis momsaxurebas da kapitalis gan-
TavsebisTvis maT angariSebs iyeneben. am profesiis war-
momadgenlebs xSirad saqme aqvT msxvil fulad TanxebT-
an, TavianTi klientebis kanonieri warmomadgenlobis
dros. advokatebs SeuZliaT specialur sabanko an-
gariSebze, romlebic honorarebis misaRebad aqvT gaxs-
nili, didi raodenobis danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis
naRdi fuli miiRon. es angariSebi registrirebulia
advokatis saxelze da rogorc wesi informacia Tavisi
klientis Sesaxeb konfidencialuria. fulis garecxvis
sqemis Sesabamisad advokati klients fuls ubrunebs
sxva formiT (magaliTad, CekiT an sxva fuladi instru-
mentiT an uZravi qonebis SeZeniT). klientis konfiden-
cialobis privilegiidan gamomdinare, fulis warmoma-
vlobis da ganxorcielebuli operaciebis ukanonobis
damtkiceba Zalian rTulia.
WuWyiani fulis ganTavseba SesaZlebelia arasafinanso

seqtoris dawesebulebebSi. saxeldobr, sazRvargareT
fulis garecxvisTvis aqtiurad iyeneben garTobis
industriasTan dakavSirebul dawesebulebebs (kafe-
barebi, diskoTekebi, sportul-gamajansaRebeli cen-
trebi, saunebi, masaJis salonebi da sxv.).
saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, fulis gaTeTrebaSi

aseve gamoiyeneba saavtomobilo biznesTan dakavSire-
buli dawesebulebebi (sakomisio vaWroba avtomobile-
biT, vaWroba saTadarigo nawilebiT, avtomobilebis
remonti, avtomobilebis gaqiraveba da sxv.), sacalo
vaWroba (antikvaruli maRaziebi, eleqtroteqnikis
maRaziebi, saiuveliro maRaziebi, gaqiravebis punqtebi
da sxv.), sxva sawarmoebi (samSeneblo firmebi, jarTiT
movaWre sawarmoebi, mgzavrTa gadayvanis saagentoebi,
788
tipografiebi, binis gaqiravebis firmebi da sxv.).
saqarTveloSi ramdenad gamoiyeneba es biznesi fulis
gaTeTrebaSi, Zneli saTqmelia, miT ufro, roca ara-
nairi statistika ar arsebobs, anda Tu arsebobs xel-
miuwvdomelia, magram Teoriulad CvenTan dasaSvebia
ucxouri saqonliT movaWre maRaziebma Zalian maRali
fasi daadon saqonels, gaaformon, rom TiTqos didi
raodenobiT Semovida saqoneli da gaiyida Zvirad, maT
angariSze dajdeba didi raodenobiT Semosavali, rac
gaTeTrebis erT-erTi meqanizmia.
ganTavseba SesaZlebelia qveynis farglebs gareTac.

ukanono Semosavlebis sazRvargareT ganTavseba ofi-
cialuri safinanso dawesebulebebis CarTvis gareSe
xdeba fulis fizikurad gataniT. igi xorcieldeba sx-
vadasxva meTodebiT, romelTagan yvelaze tipuria: fu-
lis farulad gatana kurierebis mier (kontrabanda),
fulis gatana satransporto saSualebebSi mowyobili
samalavebiT, safosto gzavnilebiT, iatakqveSa sabanko
sistemis gamoyenebiT.
valutis eqsporti SesaZleblobas iZleva `gaiwmindos~

kapitali saqonlis an momsaxurebis importis realurad
an fiqtiurad ganxorcielebiT. valutis importi ki
SesaZleblobas iZleva nacionalur bazarze dabrundes
ukanono warmoSobis kapitali, romelic ukve garecxil-
ia saerTaSoriso sabanko sistemaSi moxvedriT, magali-
Tad, deponirebis an martivi gadayvanis Sedegad. krimi-
nalebi saqonlis fiqtiuri eqsportis operaciebiT Re-
buloben did kapitals, romelic sazRvargareTis banke-
bSia deponirebuli.
ufro daxvewil procedurad miiCneven legaluri sawar-

mos angariSze WuWyiani fulis ganTavsebas kapitaluri
dafinansebis operaciis saxiT. cnobilia, rom Savi fu-
789
lis uZrav qonebaSi da ekonomikaSi Cadeba misi swrafi
garecxvis SesaZleblobas iZleva.
klaus kotke wers: Savi fulis warmoqmnas erTi arsebi-

Ti ekonomikuri nakli aqvs _ igi ukavSirdeba fuladi
saSualebebis brunvidan amoRebas da swored es fuli
dasWirdeba mewarmes erT mSvenier dRes firmis rekon-
struqciisTvis. magram rogor gamoasworos es Secdoma
da sagadasaxado samsaxuris SeumCnevlad rogor daa-
brunos adre amoRebuli saSualebebi ekonomikur brun-
vaSi, rom daafinansos aucilebeli investicia? amgvari
SesaZlebloba arsebobs da mas uwodeben WuWyiani fu-
lis reciklirebas. fulis Cadeba (ganTavseba) SeiZleba
moxdes aSkarad an farulad. fulis aSkarad Cadebisas
sagadasaxado samsaxuris Cinovnikebis Tvalis asaxvevad
investorad SeiZleba gamoiyenos crumagieri pirebi an
Tavisive firmis TanamSromlebi. Tu fulis Cadeba fa-
rulad moxdeba, amisTvis fiqtiur kredits gamoiyenebs.
aqac moCvenebiTi kreditorebi firmis TnamSromlebi
arian. SesaZlebelia WuWyiani fulis mflobels Tavad
bankmac gamouyos krediti Tavisive faruli angariSi-
dan, romelic anonimuradaa gaxsnili amave bankSi.22
WuWyiani fulis reciklirebisTvis iyeneben fiqtiur

sesxebsac, romelsac sazRvargareT mcxovrebi saqmiani
partniorebi gascemen.
sazRvargareTuli safinanso firmebis an bankebis
mier gacemuli sesxebiT kapitaldabandeba qveyanaSi
aucileblad unda daeqvemdebaros monitorings, rad-
gan, rogorc wesi, es firmebi Tu bankebi ofSorebSi an
finansur oazisebSia daregistrirebuli, ekuTvniT uc-
nob pirebs da iyeneben Zalian mimzidvel saprocento
ganakveTebs. specialistebis SefasebiT es sistema didi
kapitaldabandebebis legalizaciis SesaZleblobas
22
ix. klaus kotke, dasax. Sroma gv. 179-182.
790
iZleva. swored am riskis gamo saqarTveloSi komerci-
uli bankebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani samonitoringo
operaciaa kapitaldabandeba.
ganawilebis (gafantvis, daSlis, ganSrevebis) stadia

(LAYERING) _ fulis gaTeTrebis meore stadiaze xde-
ba ukanono Semosavlis mowyveta misi wyarosgan finans-
uri operaciebis rTuli jaWvis Seqmnis gziT, romlis
mizania am Semosavlebis auditoruli kvalis SeniRbva.
maSasadame, am stadiis funqcias warmoadgens is, rom
ukanono fuli daaSoros danaSaulebriv wyaros finans-
uri operaciebis jaWvis meSveobiT da waSalosO fulis
warmomavlobis kvali.23
sxvadasxva finansuri operaciebis erTmaneTze daSreve-

ba arTulebs samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmianobas
ukanono fondebis mosaZieblad da sakonfiskaciod.
mravaljeradi fuladi gadaricxvebis ganxorcielebas
erTaderTi mizani aqvs _ fulis warmomavlobis kvalis
waSla. fulis gaTeTrebis meore stadiaze mTavari amo-
canaa finansuri operaciebis rTuli TanmimdevrobiT
ukanono Semosavali CamoSordes Tavis warmoSobis wy-
aros da daifaros e.w. auditoruli kvali.
es stadia moicavs iseT operaciebs, rogoricaa: deponi-
rebuli naRdi fulis gadagzavna, deponirebuli naRdi
fulis konvertacia fulad-sakredito instrumentebSi
(obligaciebi, aqciebi, Cekebi da sxv.), investiciebi uZ-
rav qonebaSi da legalur biznesSi.
legalizaciis meore stadiaze, eqspertebis dakvirve-

biT, gamoiyeneba Semdegi meTodebi: naRdi fulis gad-
23
d. gugava sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ukanono
Semosavlis legalizaciisTvis (avtoreferati), Tb. 2005; Sa-
likaSvili m. kriminologia, Tb, 2010; a. rimaruki, WuWyiani fu-
lis garecxva, kievi, 2003, rusul enaze.
791
ayvana fulad instrumentebSi. mas Semdeg, rac ukanono
Semosavlebi warmatebiT ganTavsdeba safinanso dawese-
bulebebSi, isini gardaiqmneba fulad instrumentebad
(sabanko Cekebi, obligaciebi, fuladi gzavnilebi da
sxv.), rac aadvilebs ukanono Semosavlebis qveynidan ga-
tanas.
Semosavlebis legalizaciis meore stadiaze gavrcele-

buli xerxia qonebis SeZena da gayidva. roca gamTeTre-
beli fuls debs SeZenil qonebaSi, es ukanaskneli Sei-
Zleba xelaxla gaiyidos qveynis SigniT an gatanil da
gayidul iqnes sazRvargareT. amas ormagi Sedegi aqvs _
rTuldeba fulis gamTeTrebeli piris Zebna da rTuli
xdeba qonebis moZebna da konfiskacia.
fuladi saSualebebis eleqtronuli gadagzavna _ erT-

erTi Tanamedrove da gavrcelebuli meTodia gaTeT-
rebaSi. mas axasiaTebs iseTi upiratesobebi rogoricaa:
siswrafe, minimaluri auditoruli kvali, maRali anon-
imuroba.
SesaZlebelia sxva firmebis angariSebze fulis mra-

valjeradi gadagzavna. msgavsi gzavnili, romelic Se-
niRbulia fsevdooperaciebiT da Semdgom firmebis
TviTlikvidaciis meSveobiT, SesaZleblobas iZleva
efeqturad daifaros finansuri saSualebebis warmo-
Sobis wyaro.
eqspertebis dakvirvebiT, fulis garecxvis meore etapze

warmatebiT iyeneben iatakqveSa sabanko sistemas.
dReisTvis, meore fazis safinanso operaciebis gansax-

orcieleblad did rols TamaSoben ofSoruli zonebi,
agreTve, msubuqi sagadasaxado reJimisa da susti fi-
nansuri kontrolis sistemis mqone qveynebi.
792
ofSorul zonebSi daregistrirebuli kompaniebi ti-
puri instrumentia, romelic fulis gaTeTrebis meore
stadiaze gamoiyeneba (aseTi kompaniebis direqtorebi
xSirad adgilobrivi advokatebi arian, romlebic moq-
medeben rogorc rwmunebulebi, maTi amocanaa dafaron
informacia kompaniebis realur mesakuTreebze da
sargebloben ra sabanko saidumlos dacvis mkacri ka-
noniT da advokatis uflebiT ar gaamJRavnos klientis-
gan miRebuli informacia, am amocanas warmatebiT arT-
meven Tavs.24
rogorc cnobilia, ofSorebi gaCnda im motiviT, rom

garkveul kompaniebs gadasaxadebisTvis gankuTvnili
xarjebi daezogaT. ofSorul zonebs awyobdnen, ZiriTa-
dad, is juja saxelmwifoebi, romelTac sakuTari eko-
nomikis ganviTarebisTvis finansuri resursi ar hyof-
nidaT da aq daregistrirebuli kompaniebidan amoRebu-
li fuliT cdilobdnen saxelmwifo xarjebis dafarvas,
amitomac isini sTavazoben kompaniebs maT teritoriaze
registracias, dabal gadasaxadebs da moqmedebis Tavi-
suflebas. ofSoris meore xibli is aris, rom kompaniis
mflobelebi anonimad rCebian da es anonimuri warmoma-
vloba maT aZlevT saSualebas, miiRon Savi fuli da aqe-
dan gaaTeTron. evropaSi Savi fulis gaTeTreba am fu-
lis 50 procenti jdeba, ofSorul zonebSi ki 20-25 pro-
centi.25 specialistebis SefasebiT ofSoruli firmebis
24
ix. Отмывание грязных денег, киев, с. 20.
25
ofSoruli zona _ qveyana an qveynis teritoriis nawili,
romelsac gaaCnia dabali an nulovani sagadasaxado ganakve-
Ti SemosavalTa yvela an calkeul kategoriebze, sabanko da
komerciuli saidumloebis dacvis gansakuTrebuli xarisxi,
centraluri bankis sarezervo moTxovnebis minimaluri ar-
seboba an sruli ararseboba, valutis konvertaciis SeuzRu-
daoba da romelic aseTad miCneulia saqarTvelos finansuri
monitoringis samsaxuris mier kompetenturi saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis informaciaze dayrdnobiT.
793
usafrTxo gamoyenebis sxvadasxva sqema arsebobs, mag-
aliTad, Suamavloba eqsport-importis operaciebSi:
1. Suamavali. vTqvaT, saqarTveloSi registrirebuli

firma sakuTar, an nayid produqcias saeqsportod
agzavnis. saqarTveloSi saqonlis erTeuli, da-
vuSvaT, dajda 100 aSS dolari, xolo masSi firmas
surs miiRos 200 aSS dolari. sazRvargareTis rome-
lime qveyanaSi, vTqvaT, germaniaSi., Tavdapirvelad,
qarTuli firma umniSvnelo fasnamatiT (110 aSS
dolariT) mihyidis saqonels Tavis ofSorul fir-
mas, romelic mas 200 aSS dolarad gayidis germania-
Si. meore etapze, fasTaSorisi sxvaobiT miRebuli
90 aSS dolaris Sesaxeb veravin gaigebs, rom araferi
vTqvaT dabegvraze.
arsebobs aseTi sqemac: Sedgeba ori xelSekruleba

realuri da fiqtiuri (garigebis momatebuli fa-
siT). fiqtiuri xelSekrulebiT fuli gadaegzavneba
Suamaval firmas, romelic, rogorc wesi, ofSorSia
daregistrirebuli. sxvaoba realur da fiqtiur
fass Soris am firmis angariSze rCeba Semosavlis
saxiT.
2. partniori. igive garigeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes
firmis saxeliT, romelsac Tavis ofSorul fir-
masTan gaformebuli aqvs kontraqti erToblivi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb. kontraqtis Tanaxmad ofSoru-
li firma marketinguli momsaxurebisTvis miiRebs
mTeli mogebis 75%-s, aRniSnuli Tanxa `sufTaa~ da
Tavisufalia dabegvrisagan.
3. konsultanti. firma `dasavlur teqnologiaze~ ga-
dasvlisTvis (an iuridiuli da marketinguli mom-
saxurebisTvis) Tavis ofSorul firmas gadauxdis
roialts an erTjerad gadasaxads Tavisi mogebidan.
794
mogebis es nawili gamoiyvaneba dabegvris sferodan.
4. kreditori. roca ofSorul firmas dasavleTis
bankSi garkveuli fuladi Tanxa daugrovdeba da fir-
mis qarTvel mflobels surs prestiJuli avtomo-
bilis (an sxva ramis) yidva, igi saWiro Tanxas aZlevs
sakuTar Tavs an Tavis qarTul firmas grZelvadiani,
uprocento kreditis saxiT. es gza ofSoruli firmis
angariSidan samamulo firmis angariSze da piriqiT,
Tanxebis gadaricxvis yvelaze moxerxebuli variantia.
5. erToblivi sawarmo. ofSoruli firma sazRvarga-
reTuli investoris rols asrulebs da samamulo
firmasTan erTad dawesebuli SeRavaTebis miRebis
mizniT afuZnebs erTobliv sawarmos. es varianti
yvelaze universaluria.26
iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebiT,

fulis gaTeTrebis procesis pirvel da meore etapad
dayofa, Zalian pirobiTia, radgan orive erTsa da imave
mizans emsaxureba _ CamoaSoros ukanono Semosavali
warmoSobis wyaros, gawyvitos kriminaluri kavSiri,
isini, SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen mxolod finansuri
kvalis wasaSlelad gamoyenebuli operaciebis masSta-
burobiT.27
fulis gaTeTrebis mesame stadia aris integracia (Inte-

gration). fulis gaTeTrebis am bolo stadiaze xdeba ukve
garecxili Semosavlis (fulis an sxva qonebis) qveynis
legalur finansur sistemaSi integrireba, garecxili
fuli brundeba sabanko sistemaSi kanonieri Semosavlis
saxiT, legalizebuli fulis socialur ekonomikasTan
gaerTianebiT saxsrebi kanonierad gamoiyureba da aq
26
r. oTinaSvili, Crdilovani ekonomika, 2001, gv. 52-53.
27
ix. И.А.Киселев, ГРЯЗНЫЕ ДЕНЬГИ, Москва, 2009 с.18
795
ukve Znelia erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavo kanonieri da uka-
nono gziT miRebuli Semosavali.
mas Semdeg, rac warmatebiT ganxorcieldeba ukanono

Semosavlis daSlis (ganawilebis) procesi, fulis le-
galizatorebma Tavisi simdidris wyaros axsnisas unda
Seqmnan misi warmoSobis utyuarobis garegnuli iersa-
xe. amisTvis integraciis procesSi sxvadasxva meTods
iyeneben:
uZravi qonebis gayidva. uZravi qonebis gayidvis mra-

vali saSualeba arsebobs, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva
`garecxili~ fuli ukan dabrundes ekonomikaSi. maga-
liTad, uZravi qoneba SeiZleba SeiZinos crumagierma
firmam, romelic ukanono fuls iyenebs. am uZravi qo-
nebis Semdgomi gayidviT miRebuli Tanxa ukve iTvleba
kanonierad miRebul Semosavlad.
sagareo vaWrobis garigebaTa fasebis damaxinjeba efe-

qturi meTodia ukanono Semosavlebis ekonomikaSi in-
tegraciisTvis. amisTvis aseT sqemebs iyeneben: a) qvey-
anaSi Semotanili fuladi Tanxebis dokumenturad mo-
mateba, bankSi Sesabamisi Senatanebis gasamarTleblad,
b) eqsportis moculobis gadideba, sazRvargareTidan
Sesabamisi Tanxebis miRebis dasabuTebis mizniT.
naRdi fulis deponireba firmis sabanko angariSze miz-
nad isaxavs fulisTvis gayidvebidan miRebuli Semosav-
lis saxis micemas.
garigebebi fasebis SemcirebiT (daweviT) an momatebiT

fulis gaTeTrebis erT-erTi xerxia. magaliTad, SeiZ-
leba movitanoT operaciebi uZrav qonebaze. SeiZineba
saxli Semcirebul fasad, xolo fasTa sxvaoba Seivse-
ba (damatebiT gadaixdeba) WuWyiani fuliT. amis Semdeg
xdeba remontis imitacia da saxli ufro maRal fasad
iyideba. Sedegad garegnulad kanonier Semosavals vi-
796
RebT. garigebebi fasebis aweviT gavrcelebulia xelov-
nebis nawarmoebebis auqcionebze. nivTebi, romelTa
fasis gansazRvra mxolod pirobiTad SeiZleba, Zalian
maRal fasad iyideba, amis Sedegad ki iqmneba maRali re-
aluri Semosavali.
Tu fulis garecxva kazinos an latariis meSveobiT mox-

da, Semosavlis deklarireba xdeba mogebis saxiT.
cnobili meTodia crumagieri kompaniebis da yalbi kre-

ditebis gamoyeneba. danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli fu-
ladi saSualebebi, SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos rogorc
kanonierad miRebuli, sesxis saxis micemiT. am SemTxveva-
Si kreditorad gamodis formalurad damoukidebeli,
magram faqtobrivad damnaSaveTa mier kontrolireba-
di kompania, romelic realurad moqmedi an fiqtiuria.
fsevdokompaniebi samarTaldamcavi organoebis Tvalis
asaxvevad iqmneba. isini an saerTod ar axorcieleben
wesdebiT gansazRvrul ekonomikur saqmianobas an maTi
saqmianoba da Semosavlebi didad gansxvavdeba erTma-
neTisgan. aseTi firmebi efeqturad gamoiyeneba fulis
gasarecxad (usaqonlo operaciebi, yalbi kreditebi, sx-
vadasxva saxis `momsaxureba~ gavrcelebuli praqtikaa
maT saqmianobaSi).
ucxour bankebSi kontrolis damyareba da maTi meSveo-

biT fulis garecxva damnaSaveTa maRal ostatobaze
mianiSnebs, radgan aseTi sqemebis gaxsna did sirTules
warmoadgens samarTaldamcavebisTvis. eqspertebis
gaTvliT, es ganpirobebulia ucxouri bankebis SesaZ-
leblobebiT, damalon fuladi gadaricxvebis mniSvne-
lovani nawili; maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia kreditis
miReba, romelic garegnulad kanonierad gamoiyureba,
magram is faqtobrivad ukanono SemosavliT aris uz-
797
runvelyofili; aseTi bankebi xSirad xelSeuvalia sa-
marTaldamcavi organoebisTvis sabanko kanonebiT da
damoukidebeli saxelmwifos safinanso politikiT.
pirvel rigSi es exeba ofSorul sabanko bizness, sad-
ac bankebi dainteresebulni ar arian informacia mis-
cen policias Tavisi klientebis Sesaxeb. aseTi bankebi
ofSoruli qveynebis biujetis Sevsebis da nawilobriv,
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis wyaroa. amitomac
saxelmwifosgan Caurevlobis didi garantiebic aqvT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis
obieqturi mxare yvelaze met sirTules qmnis samarTal-
Sefardebis praqtikisTvis. amiT aixsneba misi latentu-
robis maRali donec. legalizaciis xerxebis gacnoba
specialur literaturaSi gviCvenebs, rom garecxva
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
praqtikulad yvela sferoSi. maRali latenturoba
SesaZleblobas ar iZleva zustad Sefasdes am movle-
nis realuri masStabebi da dadgindes, romelia yvela-
ze gavrcelebuli xerxebi. amitom orientacia keTdeba
saeqsperto Sefasebebisa da kriminologiuri kvlevebis
safuZvelze.
kvlevebi adasturebs, rom kriminaluri kapitalis ga-

recxvis ZiriTadi formaa misi Cadeba legaluri bizne-
sis ama Tu im sferoSi, anu samewarmeo an sxva ekonomikur
saqmianobaSi. WuWyiani fulis Cadeba sxvadasxva komer-
ciuli organizaciebis Seqmnasa da funqcionirebaSi,
ufro konkretulad niSnavs imas, rom fuladi saSual-
ebebi an qoneba gamoiyeneba sawesdebo kapitalis saxiT,
anda es fuli gamoiyeneba ara mxolod gadaxdis saSu-
alebad, aramed gadaxdisunarianobis garantiis saxiT,
magaliTad, kreditis miRebis mizniT samewarmeo saqmi-
anobis gansaxorcieleblad.
798
kanoni sanimuSod CamoTvlis Semosavlis gaTeTrebis xe-
rxebs da miuTiTebs sxva qmedebas.
fulis garecxvisken mimarTuli sxva moqmedeba SeiZle-

ba gamoixatos raime finansur operaciaSi, magaliTad,
bankisTvis sagadasaxado davalebis micema fulis gada-
saricxad, anda samoqalaqo garigebaSi, magaliTad, va-
lutis gacvlis punqtSi erovnuli fulis gadacema va-
lutis SesaZenad, saiuveliro maRaziis gamyidvelisT-
vis fulis gadacema Zvirfasi nakeTobebis SesaZenad, no-
tariusis TandaswrebiT uZravi qonebis yidva-gayidvis
xelSekrulebis xelmowera da sxv. amgvar moqmedebaTa
ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia rogorc piradad, ise war-
momadgenlis meSveobiT. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, cxa-
dia, unda gairkves, icoda Tu ara warmomadgenelma le-
galizaciis sagnebis SeZenis danaSaulebrivi (ukanono)
gzis Sesaxeb. Tu icoda, es Tanamonawileobaa, Tu ara _
danaSauli saerTod araa.
oficialuri mindobilobebis micema WuWyiani fulis

mflobelebs SesaZleblobas ar miscems TavianTi piro-
vneba CrdilSi damalon, amitom upiratesobas aniWeben
crumagieri pirebis gamoyenebas, romlebic garkveuli
sazRauris fasad, Tu sxva garemoebaTa gamo sabanko an-
gariSebis an qonebis nominaluri mflobelebi arian da
yvela moqmedebas maTi faqtobrivi mflobelebis miTi-
TebebiT axorcieleben. crumagieri pirebis gamoyeneba
sakmaod gavrcelebulia biznesSi. amitomac moiTxovs
FATF-i, rom moxdes kompaniebis da bankebis beneficiari
mflobelebis savaldebulo identifikacia.
legalizaciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos nebismieri moqmede-

ba, ukanono SemosavalTan dakavSirebiT, misi ganxorcie-
lebis formisa Tu xerxis miuxedavad, romelic mimar-
799
Tuli iqneba maTze samoqalaqo uflebebis warmoSobaze,
Secvlaze an Sewyvetaze.
legalizaciis damTavrebul danaSaulad cnobisaTvis

sakmarisia kanonSi miTiTebuli, an nebismieri sxva mo-
qmedebis Cadena ukanono, an dausabuTebel qonebasTan
mimarTebiT misTvis kanonieri saxis misacemad. yovelg-
vari finansuri operacia danaSaulebrivi gziT mopove-
bul qonebasTan dakavSirebiT legalizaciis (gaTeTre-
bis) nebismier stadiaze danaSaulebrivia da dakvalifi-
cirdeba rogorc damTavrebuli danaSauli, vinaidan,
mizniT dafuZnebul deliqtTan gvaqvs saqme. amasTanave,
Tuki am finansur operaciebs erTsa da imave legali-
zebad qonebasTan mimarTebaSi axorcielebs erTi piri,
maSin qmedeba unda Sefasdes rogorc erTiani gangrZo-
badi danaSauli. danaSauli damTavrebulad CaiTvleba
Tundac ver iqnes miRweuli qonebis ukanono warmoSo-
bis dafarvis mizani. maSasadame,am danaSaulis Semadgen-
loba SeiZleba mogvces rogorc erTeulma ekonomikuri
mniSvnelobis mqone moqmedebam ukanono an dausabuTe-
bel materialur faseulobaTa gamoyenebiT, ise ramde-
nime alternatiulma moqmedebam imave saganTan mimarTe-
baSi.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis amsrulebeli SeiZ-

leba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli piri. rad-
gan legalizaciis obieqturi Semadgenloba xorciel-
deba samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebiT, ami-
tom gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom am danaSaulis amsrule-
blis asakis dadgenisas vixelmZRvaneloT saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo kodeqsiT, romelic adamians 16 wlidan aZ-
levs SesaZleblobas, ganaxorcielos samoqalaqo gari-
gebebi. 14 wlis arasrulwlovans ar SeiZleba bolomde
Segnebuli da gacnobierebuli hqondes legalizaciis
800
procesis mniSvneloba. garda imisa, rom amas garkveu-
li codna da gamocdileba sWirdeba, arasrulwlovans
iuridiulad ara aqvs SesaZlebloba ganaxorcielos sa-
banko operaciebi, satelegrafo gadaricxvebi da a.S.28
realurad, albaT, Zneli warmosadgenia 14 wlis aras-

rulwlovani ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis pro-
cesSi CaerTos, Tumca 194-e muxlis dRevandeli redaqcia
uSvebs maTi monawileobis SesaZleblobas am procesSi,
magaliTad, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis floba,
sargebloba, gadacema. garda amisa, araqmedunarianoba
xels ar uSlis arasrulwlovans misces Sesabamisi min-
dobiloba Suamavals da misi meSveobiT ganaxorcielos
qmedeba. `WuWyiani~ fulis mflobeli, SesaZlebelia,
Suamavlis meSveobiT moqmedebdes ara mxolod Tavisi
qmeduunarobis gamo, aramed sxva mizeziTac, magaliTad
makontrolebeli organoebisgan zedmeti yuradReba
rom ar miiqcios. amdenad, piris qmedunarianobis sa-
kiTxs principuli mniSvneloba ara aqvs imisTvis, rom
igi legalizaciis amsruleblad CavTvaloT, samoqa-
laqo garigeba mas SeuZlia ganaxorcielos rogorc pi-
radad, ise Suamavlis meSveobiT.
Zalian sainteresoa, Tu rogor unda gaimijnos pirvela-

di danaSaulis (anu predikatuli danaSaulis) amsrule-
beli. ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis amsruleblis-
gan. amasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva qveynebis kanon-
mdeblobaSi gansxvavebuli midgomebi arsebobs. erTi
nawili Tvlis, rom ZiriTadi danaSaulis amsrulebeli
SeiZleba iyos Semosavlis legalizaciis danaSaulis
amsrulebelic, xolo meore nawili ki, piriqiT, Tvlis,
rom piri, romelic monawileobs ZiriTad danaSaulSi,
ar SeiZleba iyos legalizaciis amsrulebeli da am da-
28
d. gugava, disertaciis referati, gv. 21-22.
801
naSauls miiCnevs predikatuli danaSaulis dafarvis
formad. amrigad, im qveynebSi, sadac fulis gaTeTrebas
ganixilaven ZiriTadi danaSaulis dafarvad, ZiriTadi
danaSaulis amsrulebeli ar ganixileba fulis gaTe-
Trebis amsruleblad (germania, safrangeTi da sxv.).
magaliTad, qurdma naqurdali nivTi gayida da ukano-

no Semosavlis gasaTeTreblad, am fuliT saxli iyida.
pirveli midgomiT, qurdma qurdobis garda, ukanono
Semosavlis legalizaciisTvisac unda agos pasuxi. ze-
moT Cven aRvniSneT, rom aseTi midgoma winaaRmdegobaSi
modis ne bis in idem principTan, swored amitom fulis
gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego yvela saerTaSoriso konven-
cia daTqmas akeTebs, rom Tu amas moiTxovs monawile sa-
xelmwifos Sida kanonmdeblobis ZiriTadi principebi,
SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos, rom fulis gaTeTre-
bisken mimarTuli danaSaulebi ar exeba im pirebs, ro-
melTac Caidines ZiriTadi samarTaldarRveva.29 saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi am kiTxvaze pirdapir
pasuxs ar iZleva, Tumca, Tu sisxlis samarTlis kanons
sistemurad ganvmartavT, 186-e da 375-e muxlebi aviw-
roeben fulis garecxvis amsrulebelTa wres.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia SesaZlebelia gan-
xorcieldes rogorc erTpirovnuli amsruleblobis,
ise Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis formiT.
Tu legalizacia jgufuri danaSaulis formiT xor-
cieldeba, maSin pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ssk-is 27-e
muxlis mixedviT unda gadawydes. damnaSaveTa organi-
zebuli jgufis dawvrilebiT ganmartebas iZleva pa-
lermos konvenciis me-5 muxli, romelic aseve mxedve-
lobaSia misaRebi.
29
А.И. Боицов; Преступления против собственности; Санкт-Петербург,
2002, с. 272-273 В.Ф. Зубков С.К. Осипов, Международные стандарты
в сфере противодействия отмыванию преступных доходов и финансиро-
ванию терроризма. М., 2010. с. 12-13.
802
fulis gaTeTrebis Tanamonawileobis formiT ganxor-
cielebisas yvelaze saintereso damxmaris figuraa.
SesaZlebelia daxmareba predikatul danaSaulSi, dax-
mareba sakuTriv legalizaciaSi (194-e muxli) da dax-
mareba ukve Cadenili danaSaulis dafarvaSi (186-e an
375-e muxlebi).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Tu damxmare winaswari SeT-

anxmebiT monawileobs predikatul danaSaulSi, is Cveu-
lebrivi damxmarea (e.i. Tanamonawilea), Tu damxmare
predikatuli danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg iZens, flobs,
iyenebs nivTebs imis SecnobiT, rom es qoneba danaSau-
lis gziTaa miRebuli _ maSin is 186-e muxliT aRwerili
danaSaulis amsrulebelia (cxadia, es qmedebebi arc Se-
mosavlis gaTeTrebas da arc danaSaulis dafarvas ar
unda isaxavdes miznad), Tu damxmaris analogiuri qmede-
bebi, e.i. danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis SeZe-
na, floba, sargebloba, gasaReba da sxv. Semosavlebis
gaTeTrebas emsaxureba, maSin es daxmarebaa an amsrule-
bloba 194-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia, xSirad, gangrZobadi
formiT xorcieldeba, amitom gangrZobadi danaSaulis
specifikidan gamomdinare Tanamonawileebi SesaZlebe-
lia ukve dawyebul danaSaulebriv qmedebas SeuerTdnen
da Seasrulon danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis
nawili (vTqvaT romelime finansuri operacia an garige-
ba); isini mainc dasrulebuli danaSaulisTvis ageben pa-
suxs, maSin roca, Tu erTi piri erTi da imave qonebasTan
mimarTebiT axorcielebs qmedebebs legalizaciisTvis,
erTian danaSaulTan gvaqvs saqme.
FATF-is da MONEYVAI-is rekomendaciebis upirobo im-

plementaciam SesaZlebelia rigi problemebi wamoWras
qmedebis ama Tu im danaSaulad kvalifikaciis Tvalsaz-
risiT.
803
ase magaliTad, sad unda gaivlos zRvari, erTi mxriv,
predikatul danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobasa da meore
mxriv, sakuTriv fulis gaTeTrebaSi an mis Semdgom
qmedebebSi (mxedvelobaSia ssk-is 186-e da 375-e muxlebi)
monawileobas Soris? mtkicebis TvalsazrisiT rTuli
Sesafasebelia, esa Tu is qmedeba ukanono Semosavlis
gaTeTrebas emsaxureboda, Tu sxva rames.
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi (venis, palermos, stras-

burgis konvenciebi) fulis gaTeTrebad afaseben pre-
dikatuli danaSaulis dafarvaSi daxmarebasac, (anu
ukve Cadenili danaSaulis dafarvaSi daxmarebasac) da
sakuTriv fulis garecxvaSi daxmarebasac. saxeldobr,
Tu adamianma icis Semosavlis ukanono warmomavloba,
da misi qmedeba _ sakuTrebis gardaqmna (konversia) an
gadacema miznad isaxavs ZiriTadi samarTaldarRvevis
monawilisTvis daxmarebas, raTa man Tavi aaridos saku-
Tari qmedebis samarTlebriv Sedegebze pasuxismgeblo-
bas, gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom misi qmedeba gamoiwvevs
Semosavlis legalizebas da surs es Sedegi, an iTval-
iswinebs aseTi Sedegis gardauvalobas anda SesaZle-
blobas, maSin es Semosavlis gaTeTrebaSi Tanamonawil-
eobaa.
aRniSnuli konvenciebis mixedviT, danaSaulad da Sesa-

bamisad fulis gaTeTrebad unda Sefasdes, aseve qone-
bis SeZena, floba an gamoyeneba imis SecnobiT, rom misi
miRebis momentisTvis es qoneba warmoadgens danaSau-
lis gziT miRebul qonebas.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT,

misi sistemidan gamomdinare, analogiuri qmedebebis
Sefaseba Semdegnairad unda moxdes: Tu piri winaswari
SepirebiT SeiZens an gaasaRebs danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebul nivTs, maSin is Sesabamisi danaSaulis Tana-
804
monawilea (damxmarea) da am qmedebis 194-e muxliT (fu-
lis gaTeTreba) kvalifikacia zedmetia.30
Tu piri winaswari Sepirebis gareSe, magram winaswari

SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul nivTs iZens,
sargeblobs, flobs an asaRebs piradi motiviT, maSin is
186-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSauls axorcielebs.
Tu ssk-is 186-e muxlSi aRwerili qmedebebi (nivTis SeZe-

na, sargebloba, floba an gasaReba) emsaxureba Semosav-
lis gaTeTrebas, maSin es daxmarebaa (an amsrulebloba)
194-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi (anu fulis
gaTeTrebaSi). rogorc aRvniSneT, Sesabamisi konven-
ciebi, ZiriTadi samarTaldarRvevis monawilisTvis
daxmarebis gawevas, raTa man Tavi aaridos sakuTari
qmedebis samarTlebriv Sedegebze pasuxismgeblobas,
Semosavlis gaTeTrebad Tvlis. Tumca, Cveni kodeqsi da-
naSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTebis winaswar Sep-
irebis gareSe dafarvas, danaSaulis dafarvad afasebs,
saxeldobr, Tu adamiani, ama Tu im formiT, dafaravs
danaSaulebrivi gziT naSovn qonebas imis gaucnobiere-
blad, rom amgvarma garigebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios Se-
mosavlebis garecxva, magram miznad isaxavs predikatu-
li danaSaulis amsruleblis daxmarebas, raTa man Tavi
aaridos Tavisi qmedebis iuridiul Sedegebs, maSin is
danaSaulis dafarvas axorcielebs (muxli 375-e). am-
rigad, 375-e muxli (danaSaulis dafarva) da 194-e muxli
(fulis gaTeTreba) zogadi da specialuri dafarvis sax-
30
cxadia, Tu winaswari SeTanxmeba moicavs rolebis
ganawilebas, kerZod, erTi danaSaulebrivi gziT moipovebs
qonebas, meore ki mis legalizaciaze zrunavs, maSin qmedebis
fulis gaTeTrebad Sefaseba eWvs ar iwvevs. aq ukve, ara
ubralo fsiqologiuri daxmarebaa ZiriTad danaSaulSi,
aramed konkretuli moqmedebebi xorcieldeba fulis ga-
saTeTreblad.
805
eebia, orive erTad ki danaSaulTan Semxeblobis forme-
bi. Tu danaSaulebrivi gziT naSovni qonebis dafarva
miznad isaxavs misTvis kanonieri saxis micemas, maSin es
fulis gaTeTrebaa, xolo Tu dafarvis mizania mxolod
daxmareba, raTa ZiriTadi danaSaulis Camdenma Tavidan
aicilos pasuxismgebloba, maSin es danaSaulis dafar-
vaa (muxli 375-e). yvela konvenciis calsaxa moTxovnaa,
sakuTrebis gardaqmnisa Tu gadacemis dros, predikat-
uli danaSaulis amsruleblis damxmarem icodes, rom
misi qmedeba gamoiwvevs Semosavlis legalizacias da
surdes es Sedegi an iTvaliswinebdes aseTi Sedegis
gardauvalobas an aseTi Sedegis SesaZleblobas. aqedan
gamomdinare, Tu es winaswar Secnobili ar aris, amgvari
daxmareba danaSaulis dafarvis zogad Semadgenlobas
mogvcems (muxli 375-e).
ssk-is 186-e muxliT aRwerili qmedebis Sefasebisas ki,

unda gairkves ras emsaxureboda is, fulis gaTeTrebaSi
daxmarebas, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis
dafarvaSi daxmarebas, Tu piradi sargeblis miRebas.
Tu pirs arc Semosavlis gaTeTrebis da arc ZiriTadi
samarTaldarRvevis monawilis daxmarebis mizani ar
amoZravebs da winaswari Sepirebis gareSe, magram winas-
wari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul nivTs
SeiZens, flobs, sargeblobs an asaRebs piradi motiviT,
maSin is ssk-is 186-e muxliT aRweril danaSauls axor-
cielebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ssk-is 186-e da 375-e muxliT gaTval-

iswinebuli danaSaulebi obieqturad fulis gaTeTre-
bis Semadgenel moqmedebebs gulisxmobs. ssk-is 186-e da
194-e muxlebs Soris arsebul kolizias kvlav davub-
rundebiT 186-e muxlis daxasiaTebisas.
806
Tu ukve legalizebuli SemosavliT sargeblobasTan,
SeZenasTan, flobasTan an gasaRebasTan gvaqvs saqme,
maSin saxezea ssk-is 1941-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSauli _ ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT
mopovebuli nivTiT sargebloba, nivTis SeZena, floba
an gasaReba. ukanono SemosavlebiT finansuri opera-
ciebis ganxorcieleba ar niSnavs, rom mas ukanonos laqa
moSorda, Semdgomi qmedebebi am qonebasTan mimarTebiT
aseve danaSaulia.
§ 7. ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis subieqturi Semad-

genloba
fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego yvela saerTaSoriso

SeTanxmeba (venis, palermos, strasburgis konvenciebi)
xazs usvams, rom Semosavlebis gasaTeTreblad konkre-
tuli moqmedebebis ganxorcielebisas (qonebis gardaqm-
na an gadacema, damalva an SeniRbva da sxv.) pirs winaswar
Secnobili unda hqondes, rom qoneba danaSaulebrivi
gziT aris miRebuli da miznad unda isaxavdes misTvis
kanonieri saxis micemas, rac am danaSaulis subieqtur
SemadgenlobaSi ganzraxvis mimaniSnebelia. amasTanave,
xazgasmulia, rom winaswari Secnoba, ganzraxva da miza-
ni rogorc danaSaulis Semadgenlobis elementebi SeiZ-
leba dadgindes saqmis obieqturi faqtobrivi garemoe-
bebis safuZvelze (venis konvenciis mixedviT ubralo in-
formirebulobac ki, rom qmedeba fulis garecxvas ukav-
Sirdeba, sakmarisia subieqturi mxaris dasasabuTeblad).
Semosavlis legalizaciis subieqtur Semadgenloba-

sTan dakavSirebiT, specialur literaturaSi davoben,
mxolod pirdapir ganzraxvasTan gvaqvs saqme, Tu dasaS-
vebia arapirdapiri ganzraxvac.
807
am danaSaulis arapirdapiri ganzraxviT SesaZlo gan-
xorcielebis argumentad asaxeleben legalizaciis
procesis sirTules, romlis yvela detalis codna ga-
moricxulia. sakmarisia damnaSave uSvebdes fulis (qo-
nebis) warmoSobis danaSaulebriobas. danaSaulebrivi
gziT SeZenil qonebasTan mimarTebiT finansuri opera-
ciisa Tu garigebis ganxorcielebisas, damnaSave, SesaZ-
loa, Segnebulad uSvebdes an gulgrilad ekidebodes
misi legalizaciis faqts. magaliTad, WuWyiani fulis
uZrav qonebaSi dabandebisas, an ucxouri valutis Se-
Zenisas damnaSave, SesaZloa, specialurad arc isaxavs
miznad am fulisTvis marTlzomieri saxis micemas. mas,
SesaZloa, surdes misi dacva inflaciisgan an ubralod
Tvlides kapitalis Cadebis amgvari xerxi ufro sargeb-
liania. amasTanave, damnaSave gulgrilad ekideba imas,
rom WuWyiani fuliT finansuri operaciebis ganxorcie-
lebiT, obieqturad rTuldeba maTi Semdgom gamovline-
ba, xdeba SeniRbva, marTlzomieri xasiaTis micema da a.S.
amitom, kanonSi legalizaciis mizanze sagangebo miTi-
Teba zedmetia. isedac naTelia, rom WuWyiani fulisa,
Tu sxva qonebisTvis marTlzomieri saxis micema, obie-
qturad xdeba, roca am qonebiT finansuri operaciebi an
garigebebi xorcieldeba da misi legalur brunvaSi Se-
tana xdeba, imisagan damoukideblad, damnaSave isaxavda
Tu ara amgvar mizans. aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZleblad
miiCneven legalizaciis ganxorcielebas arapirdapiri
ganzraxviTac.31
amgvari daskvnis safuZvels nawilobriv, saerTaSoriso

aqtebSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobebi ganapirobebs. ase ma-
galiTad, strasburgis konvenciis mixedviT, qmedebisT-
vis fulis gaTeTrebis danaSaulis kvalifikaciis mice-
ma SeiZleba im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac damnaSave:
31
o.iakimovi, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv.134-137; И.А. Киселев,
ГРЯЗНЫЕ ДЕНЬГИ, Москва, 2009 с. 98-109.
808
a) valdebuli iyo evarauda, rom qoneba warmoadgens
Semosavals;
b) moqmedebda mogebis miRebis mizniT;
g) moqmedebda Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis
ganxorcielebisaTvis xelSewyobis mizniT.
rogorc vxedavT, konvenciam SemogvTavaza, sami kumu-

laciuri piroba, roca xelmomwer saxelmwifos ufleba
aqvs (magram araa valdebuli), qmedebas misces danaSau-
lis kvalifikacia.zemoTxsenebuli pirveli pirobidan
(“valdebuli iyo evarauda”) gamomdinareobs, rom araa
aucilebeli, pirs gacnobierebuli hqondes qonebis da-
naSaulebrivi warmomavloba, mTavaria, mas evalebodes
(magaliTad, samsaxurebrivad) amis gacnobiereba.
sakiTxis amgvari gadawyveta ar unda CaiTvalos marTe-

bulad, radgan fulis gamTeTrebels gacnobierebuli
unda hqondes danaSaulis sagnis ukanono warmomavloba.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mas fulis gaTeTrebas bralad
ver SevracxavT.
amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom am sami pirobidan meore da me-

same pirobaSi aSkarad Cans, rom qmedeba Cadenili unda
iyos pirdapiri ganzraxviT, Tanac gamiznulad. aseT vi-
TarebaSi ki pirveli piroba (valdebuli iyo evarauda,
rom qoneba warmoadgenda Semosavals) aSkarad Seusaba-
mobaSi modis danarCen or pirobasTan. rogor SeiZleba
erTmaneTTan SevaTavsoT viTareba, roca pirs ara aqvs
gacnobierebuli, rom saqme aqvs danaSaulebrivi gziT
miRebul qonebasTan (Tumca evaleba amis varaudi) da
amave dros igi moqmedebs Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saq-
mianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelSewyobis mizniT. Tu
fulis gamTeTrebels ZiriTadi danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
(e.i. predikatuli danaSauli) ara aqvs gacnobierebuli,
809
maSin mas arc is eqneba gacnobierebuli, rom misi qmede-
ba iqneba xelis Sewyoba “Semdgomi” danaSaulebrivi saq-
mianobis ganxorcielebisTvis.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis saqarTvelos ssk-is

194-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli kanonismieri Semadgen-
loba moiTxovs specialuri miznis arsebobas mocemul
danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi. es niSani pirdapiraa miTiTe-
buli fulis gaTeTrebis pirvel formaSi da gamomdina-
reobs Semosavlis legalizaciis meore formis teqstis
Sinaarsidan. maSasadame, imisaTvis, rom amsrulebels an
Tanamonawiles daekisros pasuxismgebloba ukanono Se-
mosavlis legalizaciisTvis ama Tu im qmedebis ganxor-
cielebisas, gacnobierebuli unda hqondeT specialuri
mizani, rac gulisxmobs ukanono Semosavlis garecxvis
mizans. miznis elementi naTlad miuTiTebs, rom aq mxo-
lod pirdapiri ganzraxvaa SesaZlebeli. amrigad, ganz-
raxva ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciaSi gulisxmobs
miznis arsebobas da swored am mizanTan dakavSirebiT
irCevs amsrulebeli ganzraxvis realizaciis xerxsa da
saSualebas. Semosavlis legalizaciisken ganxorcie-
lebuli yvela moqmedeba am miznis miRwevis surviliT
unda iyos nakarnaxebi. arapirdapir ganzraxvasTan si-
sxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakavSireba
usafuZvlod da usamarTlod gaafarTovebda represiis
farglebs da es arc organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRm-
deg brZolis amocanebs Seesabameba.
albaT, Zalze iSviaTia, fulis gasarecxad ganxorciele-

buli moqmedebebi legalizaciis miznis gareSe, anda qo-
nebis namdvili bunebis, warmoSobis wyaros, adgilmde-
bareobis, ganTavsebis, moZraobas, masze sakuTrebis sxva
uflebis damalva an SeniRbva arapirdapiri ganzraxviT,
specialuri miznis gareSe. icis ra Semosavlis ukanono
gziT warmomavloba, damnaSave iswrafvis, yvelanairad
810
waSalos es kvali, raTa Semosavali legalurad gamoi-
yurebodes. pirdapiri ganzraxvis kanonismieri for-
muliT es niSnavs, rom legalizators gacnobierebuli
aqvs Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba, iTvalis-
winebs marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomas da surs
es Sedegi an iTvaliswinebs Sedegis dadgomis garduval-
obas. mtkicebis TvalsazrisiT, ganzraxvis komponente-
bi ase gamoiyureba: Semosavlis ukanono warmomavlobis
codna (inteleqtualuri elementi), misTvis kanonieri
saxis micemis survili (nebelobis elementi), marTl-
winaaRmdegobis Segneba.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia rom pirdapir ganz-

raxvas gulisxmobs, amis dasadastureblad kidev ramde-
nime argumentis motana SeiZleba: 1) ramdenadac fulis
gaTeTreba danaSaulis dafarvis specialuri formaa,
danaSaulis dafarva ar SeiZleba arapirdapiri ganz-
raxviT ganxorcieldes; 2) fulis gaTeTrebas swored
specialuri mizani ganasxvavebs iseTi momijnave dana-
Saulis Semadgenlobisgan, rogoricaa _ ssk-is 186-e
muxliT aRwerili qmedeba; 3) ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizacia formaluri danaSaulia, romlis arapirda-
piri ganzraxviT ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba sakama-
To Temaa sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, ssk-is 194-e muxliT aRwerili qmedebis sub-
ieqturi mxaris savaldebulo niSnebia, erTi mxriv, Semo-
savlis ukanono warmomavlobis gacnobiereba, meore mxriv,
misTvis marTlzomieri saxis micemis mizani. am niSnebis
gareSe fulis gaTeTrebis subieqturi mxare ar arsebobs.
fulis gaTeTrebis qmedebis danaSaulebriobas gansazRv-
ravs Semosavlis ukanono warmomavloba, mis gareSe Semo-
savlis gaTeTreba ar arsebobs. Tu pirs winaswar Segnebu-
li ara aqvs, rom ukanono Semosavlis mimarT axorcielebs
gaTeTrebis operaciebs, Tu mxolod eWvobs, rom qoneba
811
(Semosavali) SesaZloa danaSaulebrivi gziT aris mopove-
buli (ukanonoa), maSin mas Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaRm-
degobac ara aqvs gacnobierebuli, rac ganzraxvis erT-
erTi komponentia. Tu qmedebis Camden pirs Segnebuli ara
aqvs mocemul SemadgenlobaSi Semavali niSnebi, romlebic
qmedebas axasiaTeben rogorc danaSauls, maSin ganzrax-
vis sakiTxi verc ki daismeba. ganzraxvis sakanonmdeblo
formulidan Cans, rom `daSveba~ mizezobriobis process,
saxeldobr, mavne Sedegis dadgomas Seexeba. arapirdapiri
ganzraxva dasaSvebia ukanono Semosavlis gaTeTrebis Se-
degis mimarT, magaliTad, SesaZlebelia esa Tu is finansu-
ri operacia ukanono Semosavlis gaTeTrebiT damTavrdes
da es dauSvas damnaSavem, magram es Sedegi fulis gaTeTre-
bis kanonismieri Semadgenlobis gareTaa. dasjadia Tavi-
sTavad Semosavlis legalizaciis mizniT ganxorcielebu-
li qmedeba, miuxedavad imisa moxdeba misi gaTeTreba Tu
ara. Tu kanonma garkveuli Sedegi ar Seitana Semadgenlo-
baSi, maSasadame, arc is ainteresebs, Tu rogori iyo dam-
naSavis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba am Sedegisadmi, yovel
SemTxvevaSi qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis, Semdeg ki
bralis dasabuTebisTvis amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs.32
miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli argumentebisa, fulis gaTe-

Trebis sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso konvenciebi uS-
veben arapirdapiri ganzraxviT rogorc amsruleblo-
bis, ise Tanamonawileobis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad,
romelime finansuri institutis TanamSromelma (ban-
kis, sadazRvevo kompaniis) ivaraudos ama Tu im qmedebis
(finansuri operaciis) ganxorcielebisas Semosavlis
kriminalur warmomavlobaze da Segnebulad, dauSvas
misi legalizebis SesaZlebloba. msgavsi ram dasaSve-
bia, aseve monitoringis ganmaxorcielebeli sxva pire-
32
m. ugrexeliZe, brali safrTxis deliqtebSi, Tb., 1982. gv.
16_22.
812
bis mxridan saeWvo da uCveulo garigebebTan mimarTe-
baSi, roca isini gonivrul zomebs ar iReben ukanono
Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTisTvis. msgavsi sqema
kidev ufro myardeba, Tuki amgvar daSvebas win uZRvis
korufciuli garigeba. magaliTad, bankis mosamsaxurem
garkveuli gasamrjelos sanacvlod saswrafod gan-
axorciela finansuri operacia, romlis drosac dauSva
imis SesaZlebloba, rom es qmedeba Semosavlis legali-
zaciisTvis gakeTda.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saintereso mosazrebas ga-

moTqvams q.mWedliSvili-hedrixi, kerZod igi wers: si-
sxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa
eventualuri ganzraxviT daxmarebis SesaZleblobis Se-
saxeb. literaturaSi eventualuri ganzraxviT daxmare-
bis erT-erT magaliTad asaxeleben SemTxvevas, rodesac
damxmare neitralur qmedebas axorcielebs, icis, rom
am qmedebiT igi SesaZlebelia amsrulebels danaSau-
lis ganxorcielebaSi daexmaros da Segnebulad uSvebs
an gulgrilad ekideba am Sedegis dadgomas. (SemTxveva:
bankis TanamSromelma icis, rom SesaZlebelia, klientma
Setanili Tanxa gaaTeTros da mainc asrulebs Tavis mo-
valeobas).
sawinaaRmdego da swori azris mixedviT, Tanamonawilee-

bi erTiani umarTlobiT da erTiani ganzraxviT arian
SekavSirebuli da amitomac damxmare yovelTvis pirda-
piri ganzraxviT moqmedebs. mxolod eWvi amsruleblis
mier SesaZlo danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb damxmaris das-
jadobas ver daafuZnebs33.
zemoaRniSnuli argumentebis safuZvelze, Cven im daskv-
33 ix. q.mWedliSvili-hedrixi, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi

nawili, Tb. gamomcemloba meridiani, 2011, gv. 238
813
namde mivediT, rom ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia
pirdapir ganzraxvas gulisxmobs. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
Tanamonawileobis legaluri ganmarteba, rac saqarT-
velos ssk-is 23-e muxlSia Camoyalibebuli _ `ganzrax
erToblivi monawileoba~, ukanono Semosavlis legali-
zaciaSi arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Tanamonawileobas ga-
moricxavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTaSoriso konven-
ciebis mixedviT amgvari Tanamonawileoba dasaSvebad
aris miCneuli.
§ 8. fulis gaTeTreba da momijnave danaSaulebi
8.1 winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT

mopovebuli nivTis SeZena an gasaReba (ssk-is 186-e
muxli)
gansaxilveli qmedeba 1960 wlis sisxlis samarTlis ko-

deqsis mixedviT sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebisa da wesri-
gis sawinaaRmdego danaSaulad iTvleboda (muxli 229-e),
axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT ki, sakuTrebis sa-
winaaRmdego danaSaulia. kanonmdebelma am danaSaulis
sistemuri adgilis SecvliT sisxlissamarTlebrivi
dacvis obieqtad sakuTrebiTi urTierToba aRiara. mis
sagans warmoadgens is qoneba, romelic danaSaulebrivi
gziT aris mopovebuli, anu SeZenilia danaSaulis Cade-
nis Sedegad.
qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba gamoixateba winaswa-
ri SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTiT
sargeblobaSi, nivTis SeZenaSi, flobaSi an gasaRebaSi.
am muxlis Zveli redaqcia danaSaulebrivi gziT mopove-
buli nivTis SeZeniTa da gasaRebiT Semoifargleboda.
2008 wlis 19 marts Setanili cvlilebiT kanonmdebelma
nivTze xarveziani uflebis mopovebis formebis ufro
814
detalizeba moaxdina, SeZenasTan erTad dasjadi gaxda
flobac da sargeblobac; SesaZlebelia, nivTi SeZenili
ar iyos, magram winaswar SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli nivTi droebiT Sesanaxad iyos mibarebu-
li sxvaze (magaliTad, sxvis garaJSi moaTavso moparu-
li avtomobili da garaJis mflobelma icodes rom igi
danaSaulebrivi gziTaa mopovebuli), an kidev droebiT
sargeblobaSi iqnes gadacemuli aseTi nivTi, romelic
samoqalaqo gagebiT nivTis SeZenis cnebaSi aseve ver
Tavsdeba. amgvarad, kanonmdebelma danaSaulebrivi
gziT mopovebul nivTTan mopyrobis yvela SesaZlo qme-
debis kriminalizacia moaxdina, raTa am nivTTan Sexeba-
Si myofma verc erTma pirma ver daaRwios Tavi pasuxis-
mgeblobas.
danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis SeZena gulisx-

mobs rogorc sasyidliT, ise usasyidlod masze ufle-
bis mopovebas (yidva, gacvla, Cuqeba da sxv.), xolo gasa-
Reba _ nebismieri formiT gasxvisebas (realizacias).
kodeqsis 186-e muxlis obieqturi Semadgenloba isea Ca-
moyalibebuli, rom masSi miTiTebul moqmedebaTa gan-
xorcielebis faqti, imisda miuxedavad, dadga Tu ara
mavne Sedegi, qmnis danaSaulis damTavrebul Semadgen-
lobas.
danaSaulis subieqturi mxare pirdapir ganzraxvas gu-

lisxmobs. damnaSaves gacnobierebuli aqvs danaSau-
lebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis SeZenis, sargeblobis,
flobis an gasaRebis marTlsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi da
surs misi Cadena.
`winaswari Secnoba~ am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs damnaSavis

mier im faqtis Segnebas, rom nivTi mopovebuli iyo da-
naSaulis Cadenis Sedegad. imas, rom qoneba mopovebu-
815
lia danaSaulebrivi gziT, SeiZleba mowmobdes nivTis
Tavisebureba, misi raodenoba, viTareba, romelSic igi
SeiZines, fasi, SeZenis winadadebis mimcemis pirovneba
da a.S.
winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli

nivTis SeZenas an gasaRebas SeiZleba hqondes Tanamona-
wileobis forma, es maSin, rodesac damnaSave an uSu-
alod monawileobs nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego mopove-
baSi, an winaswar iyo Sepirebuli, rom SeiZenda an gaasa-
Rebda qonebas, xolo Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba ar arsebobda,
es danaSauli damoukidebel xasiaTs iRebs.
amrigad, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis Se-

Zena Tanamonawileobad CaiTvleba, Tu igi damnaSavisT-
vis danaSaulis Cadenamde, danaSaulis Cadenisas an sxva
garemoebaTa gamo winaswar iyo cnobili. magaliTad, ro-
desac marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas sistematuri xa-
siaTi hqonda, rac damnaSaves aZlevda safuZvels evar-
auda, rom igi daxmarebas gauwevda amsrulebels.
ssk-is 186-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Se-

madgenloba unda gavmijnoT ukanono Semosavlis lega-
lizaciisagan (muxli 194-e). ssk-is 186-e muxlSi saubaria
mxolod danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul nivTze, xolo
194-e muxlSi _ ukanono Semosavalze farTo gagebiT,
romelSic igulisxmeba rogorc danaSaulebrivi, ise
aradanaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli, magram ukanono an
816
dausabuTebeli qoneba.34 186-e muxliT aRwerili qmede-
bis kriminalizacia miznad isaxavs danaSaulebrivi gziT
mopovebuli qonebis legalur ekonomikur brunvaSi Cab-
mis Tavidan acilebas (aRkveTas) da sakuTrebis dacvas.
aqedan gamomdinare es danaSauli ukanono Semosavlis
legalizaciisgan, ZiriTadad, moqmedebis mimarTule-
biT gansxvavdeba, kerZod, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
damnaSave aseTi nivTis ekonomikur brunvaSi CabmiT mis
legalizebas isaxavs miznad, rac unda gamovricxoT 186-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis realizaciis dros,
am dros damnaSaves amoZravebs sxva piradi mizani da mo-
tivi (magaliTad, angareba, nivTis iafad SeZenis mizani
da sxv.), Tumca, nivTze uflebis mopovebis 186-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli formebi Zalauneburad qonebis le-
galizaciasac iwvevs. saqme isaa, rom ukanono Semosavlis
legalizacia (fulis gaTeTreba) nebismieri finansuri
operaciisa Tu sxva garigebis faqtobrivi mxarea, piri
romelic acnobierebs, rom axorcielebs samoqalaqo
garigebas ama Tu im qonebasTan mimarTebiT (SeZena, flo-
ba, gasaReba...) ar SeiZleba ar surdes, rom am garigebas
misces marTlzomieri xasiaTi. Zalauneburad is fulis
34
ssk-is 186-e muxliT aRwerili danaSaulis sagani ZiriTa-
dad emTxveva fulis gaTeTrebis Semadgenlobis sagans (194-e
muxli). amave dros qoneba romelic 186-e muxlis sagans Sead-
gens SezRudulia mxolod im nivTebiT, romlebic mopove-
bulia danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad. misgan gansxvavebiT fu-
lis gaTeTrebis sagans SeiZleba Seadgendes iseTi qonebac,
romlis danaSaulebrivi warmomavloba daudgenelia, magram
arc legaluri warmomavlobis damadasturebeli dokumenti
gaaCnia mis mflobels da amitom ukanono Semosavlad iTvle-
ba. amrigad, 194-e muxlSi ukanono Semosavali ufro farTod
aris gagebuli, masSi igulisxmeba rogorc danaSaulebrivi,
ise aradanaSaulebrivi, magram ukanono gziT mopovebuli an/
da dausabuTebeli qoneba. ssk-is 186-e muxliT gaTvaliswine-
buli danaSaulis amsrulebeli nebismieri fizikuri an iuri-
diuli piria, xolo ssk-is 94-e muxlSi ki is fizikuri an iuri-
diuli piri, vinc cdilobs kanonieri saxe misces Semosavals.
817
gaTeTrebis raRac safexurs axorcielebs, Tumca unda
vivaraudoT, rom ssk-is 186-e muxliT aRwerili qmedebis
ganxorcielebisas pirs ukanono Semosavlis legaliza-
ciis mizani ar amoZravebs, sxvanairad mijnas ver gavav-
lebT 186-e da 194-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSau-
lebs Soris. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom fulis gaTeTrebis
sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso konvenciebi ssk-is 186-e
muxliT aRweril qmedebebs ukanono Semosavlis lega-
lizaciis Semadgenel nawilad miiCnevs, Tumca kanonmde-
belma es Semadgenloba fulis gaTeTrebis paralelurad
damoukidebel danaSaulad datova, rac sasamarTlo pra-
qtikas garkveul problemebs Seuqmnis.
amrigad, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, ssk-is 186-e

muxliT aRwerili qmedebis Sefasebisas unda gairkves
ras emsaxureboda is, fulis gaTeTrebaSi daxmarebas,
danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli nivTis dafarvaSi
daxmarebas, Tu piradi sargeblis miRebas, raTa is gav-
mijnoT 194-e da 375-e muxlebiT aRwerili danaSaule-
bisgan. Tu pirs arc Semosavlis gaTeTrebis da arc Zi-
riTadi samarTaldarRvevis monawilis dafarvis miza-
ni ar amoZravebs da winaswari Sepirebis gareSe, magram
winaswari SecnobiT, danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul
nivTs SeiZens, flobs, sargeblobs an asaRebs piradi mo-
tiviT, maSin is ssk-is 186-e muxliT aRwerili danaSau-
lis Semadgenlobas axorcielebs.
8.2 ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT

mopovebuli nivTiT sargebloba, nivTis SeZena, floba
an gasaReba (ssk-is 1941-e muxli)
es novacia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

2008 wlis 19 marts gaCnda. saqarTvelos parlamentis
ganmartebiT baraTSi vkiTxulobT: ès damateba gan-
pirobebulia finansuri qmedebis specialuri jgufis
818
(FATF) da evrosabWos fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego
rCeul eqspertTa komitetis (MANIVAL) mier SemoTa-
vazebuli rekomendaciebiT ukanono Semosavlis lega-
lizaciis da terorizmTan brZolis sferoSi sakanon-
mdeblo bazis gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT~. aqedan
gamomdinare, ssk-is 1941-e muxliT aRwerili qmedebis
kriminalizacia miznad isaxavs imave interesis dacvas,
rac ssk-is 194-e muxliTaa gaTvaliswinebuli.
qmedebis obieqturi mxare gulisxmobs winaswari Secno-

biT ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT mopovebu-
li nivTiT sargeblobas, nivTis SeZenas, flobas an ga-
saRebas. aRniSnuli qmedebebi 194-e muxliTac aris gaT-
valiswinebuli, magram isini miznad isaxaven ukanono
Semosavlis legalizebas, xolo 1941-e muxlSi saubaria
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis gziT mopovebuli
nivTis SeZenaze, flobaze, sargeblobaze an gasaRebaze,
anu ukve legalizebul qonebaze. kanonmdeblis mizania,
daicvas marTlzomieri fulad-sasaqonlo urTierTo-
bebi ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis Semdgom eta-
pebzec, anu uzrunvelyos ukanonod legalizebuli
qonebis ekonomikur brunvaSi faqtobrivi Cabmis dau-
Svebloba. am miznis misaRwevad kriminalizebulia ara
mxolod ukanonod legalizebuli nivTis SeZena, aramed
am nivTiT droebiTi sargebloba da flobac, agreTve
misi gasaReba.
nivTis SeZenis,sargeblobis, flobis da gasaRebis arsze

ukve gvqonda saubari 186-e da 194-e muxlebis analizis
dros.
danaSaulis amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos rogorc fizi-

kuri, ise iuridiuli piri.
qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenloba pirdapir ganzrax-
819
vas gulisxmobs. motivi, rogorc wesi, angarebiTia,
Tumca arc sxva, piradi motivis gamoricxva SeiZleba.
kanonmdebeli motivs kvalifikaciisTvis mniSvnelobas
ar aniWebs.
§9. sasamarTlo praqtika fulis `garecxvis~ Sesaxeb
sakiTxis ganxilva gvinda daviwyoT egmontis jgufis

mier momzadebuli 100 sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mi-
moxilviT.35 egmontis jgufis angariSSi Sesuli es si-
35
egmontis jgufi dafuZnda 1995 wels briuselSi egmont-
arenbergis sasaxleSi, sadac gaimarTa sxvadasxva qveynebis
finansuri dazvervis samsaxurebis warmomadgenlebis pirve-
li Sekreba. aseTi jgufis Seqmna gadawyda FATF-is Sexvedreb-
ze sxvadasxva qveynebis finansuri dazvervis samsaxurebis
warmomadgenlebis araformaluri kontaqtebis Sedegad. misi
mizania finansuri dazvervis samsaxurebs Soris dialogis uz-
runvelyofa fulis garecxvasTan brZolaSi maTi nacionalu-
ri programebis mxardasaWerad. es gamoixateba finansuri
dazvervis organoebs Soris informaciis sistematizaciasa
da gacvlaSi am organoTa muSakebis da eqspertebis momzadebis
donis gaumjobesebaSi, safinanso dazvervis samsaxurebis ur-
TierTobis xelSewyobaSi uaxlesi teqnologiebis gamoyene-
biT. dReisTvis egmontis jgufis wevria msoflios sxvadasxva
qveynis 69 safinanso dazvervis samsaxuri. daarsebis mexuTe
wlisTavze, egmontis jgufma misi wevri saxelmwifoebis fin-
ansuri dazvervis samsaxurebis meSveobiT Sekriba 100 sisxlis
samarTlis saqme, fulis garecxvasTan brZolaSi gamocdile-
bis gasaziareblad. TiToeulma safinanso samsaxurma TiTo
saqme gadasca egmontis jgufs, ris Sedegadac mis angariSSi
moxvda 100 sisxlis samarTlis saqme yvela kontinentidan.
angariSi asaxavs fulis garecxvasTan brZolis saerTaSori-
so gamocdilebas. egmontis jgufis mier misi wevri qveyne-
820
sxlis samarTlis saqmeebi aRweren fulis garecxvis
tipologiebs yvela kontinentidan. saxeldobr, eg-
montis jgufis masalebi Seicaven fulis garecxvis
iseT sqemebs, rogoricaa: danaSaulebrivi Semosavle-
bis damalva legalurad moqmed biznes-struqturebSi,
romlebsac danaSaulebrivi organizaciebi marTaven,
legaluri biznesis arasworad gamoyeneba, yalbi do-
kumentebisa da crumagieri pirebis an anonimuri aqti-
vebis gamoyeneba...36 nacionaluri samarTlebrivi si-
stemebis gansxvavebebis gamoyeneba da sxv. mTel rig
qveynebSi kompaniis dafuZneba-registracia martivi
proceduraa. yovelTvis moiZebnebian adamianebi, visac
garkveuli gasamrjelos safasurad SeuZlia kompaniis
daregistrireba da mis marTvaSi daxmareba. arsebuli
kompaniebis (xSirad Zalian kargi reputaciis mqonec)
meSveobiT danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis ganTavsebas
finansur sistemaSi mTeli rigi upiratesobebi aqvs, am
SemTxvevaSi kanonieri da ukanono operaciebis erTma-
neTSi Sereva iolia. mraval biznesstruqturas, xSirad
naRd fulTan aqvs saqme da safinanso dawesebulebebi
eWviT ar uyureben maT angariSebze naRdi fulis depo-
nirebas, sakuTari kompaniidan informacia makontro-
lebelTan ar gaJonavs da sxv.
amave dros, egmontis jgufis angariSSi naCvenebia uam-

ravi indikatori, romelic finansuri operaciebis
saeWvobaze mianiSnebs Sesabamis samsaxurebs. kerZod,
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi gvxvdeba saeWvo fuladi ope-
raciebis iseTi indikatorebi, rogoricaa: naRdi fuliT
bis safinanso dazvervis samsaxurebidan Sekrebili sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeebi asaxaven fulis garecxvis tipologiebs
yvela kontinentidan.
36
WuWyiani fulis garecxva, avtorTa koleqtivi, kievi, 2003,
gv. 78.
821
msxvili operaciebi, kompaniisTvis ararealuri brunva,
ganxorcielebuli biznesisTvis uCveulo saqmianoba, de-
ponirebuli saSualebebis swrafi gadatana (gadaricxva)
ofSorul zonaSi, klientis saqmianobis profilisTvis
uCveulo simdidre, ganxorcielebuli biznesis saeWvo-
ba, biznesis araCveulebrivi aqtivoba, angariSebze fu-
lis uCveulo an araekonomikuri moZraoba, fulis swra-
fi da/an didi odenobiT moZraoba, fulis Zalian rTuli
moZraoba, fulis moZraoba gaurkveveli mesame pirebis
sasargeblod, fulis warmomavlobis arasakmarisi dasa-
buTeba da a.S.
egmontis jgufis angariSis mixedviT, xSiria crumewar-

meobis formiT kriminaluri Semosavlebis garecxva.
oficialurad fuZndeba kompania, romelsac fulis ga-
recxvis meqanizmad iyeneben, danaSaulebrivi gziT na-
Sovni fuli SeaqvT kompaniebis angariSebze, Semdeg am
Tanxebs xsnian angariSidan da sxvadasxva mizniT iyene-
ben (uZravi qonebis SeZena da misT.).
aRniSnuli masalebis mixedviT, Suamavlis meSveobiT Se-

Zenili firma xaliCebis importis safarvelqveS haSiSis
imports axorcielebda (saqme N 10), sxva kompania kompi-
uterebiT vaWrobis safarqveS (usaqonlo operaciebiT)
zeTisa da alkoholis kontrabandiT naSovn fuls aTe-
Trebda (saqme 20), erT-erTi kompania xilis miwodebis
yalbi angariSebis safarvelqveS, korufciuli garige-
bebis gziT naSovn fuls recxavda. amave angariSSi aris
precedentebi, romelTa mixedviTac TaRliTebma daa-
fuZnes kompaniebi TiTqosda safinanso momsaxurebisT-
vis an sainvesticio saqmianobisTvis, sinamdvileSi ki es
kompaniebi gamoiyenes sxvisi qonebis TaRliTobis gziT
dasaufleblad (saqme 8-9).
822
cnobilia, rom banki tradiciuli safinanso institu-
tia fulis garecxvisTvis. erT-erTi saqmis mixedviT,
ofSoruli korporaciis saxelze sxva qveyanaSi gaixsna
mimdinare angariSi, sadac bankis mosamsaxuris xelSewy-
obiT Tavi moiyara korufciuli gziT miRebulma Semo-
savlebma. bankis angariSze deponirebuli fuliT gan-
xorcielda mravaljeradi gadaricxvebi angariSidan
angariSze kvalis wasaSlelad (saqme 13).
1991 wels erT-erT evropul qveyanaSi winaswari ga-

moZieba daiwyo erT-erTi bankis mosamsaxuris mimarT,
romelic eWvmitanili iyo organizebuli jgufisTvis
daxmarebaSi narkotikebis vaWrobiT miRebuli fulis
gasaTeTreblad. igi paketebiT iRebda amerikul saban-
ko Cekebs (20-30 Ceki paketSi) TiToeuls 4000 aSS dola-
ridan 8000 aSS dolaramde TanxiT. es Cekebi iyo ameri-
kuli narkokartelis mier kokainis gayidviT miRebuli
mogeba, romlebsac iZendnen danaSaulebrivi organi-
zaciis daqiravebuli pirebi sabanko kanonmdeblobis
gverdis asavlelad. TiToeuli Cekis Tanxis 10000 aSS
dolaramde Semcireba miznad isaxavda safinanso dawe-
sebulebis eWvebis Tavidan acilebas. Cekebi egzavneboda
bankis mosamsaxures romelic maT deponirebas axdenda
imave bankis angariSebze. am angariSebis mmarTvelma
bankis mosamsaxurem damowmebuli Cekebi gasanaRdeblad
waradgina. ramdenime TveSi es Tanxebi sabanko gadaricx-
viT dabrunda narkokartelis adgilsamyofel qveyanaSi
da gamoiyeneboda uZravi qonebis SesaZenad. gamoZiebam
aCvena, rom bankis sxva maRal Tanamdebobis pirebs Se-
muSavebuli hqondaT fulis garecxvis sqema. sxvadasx-
va amerikul qveynebSi klientebis gadabireba bankis
marketinguli strategiis nawili iyo. klientebis
gadabireba xdeboda Suamavlis meSveobiT, romelsac
sakomisios uxdidnen bankSi moyvanili yoveli klien-
823
tisTvis. banki ar awarmoebda klientebis identifika-
cias, angariSis gasaxsnelad fulis warmomavlobis Ses-
axeb, kiTxvebs aravin svamda. miuxedavad imisa rom banki
informirebuli iyo saeWvo operaciebis Sesaxeb, prob-
lemuri angariSebi ar daxurula. banki agrZelebda didi
odenobiT Cekebis ganaRdebas. vidre sxva wyaroebidan
miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze ar daiwyo finans-
uri gamoZieba (saqme N 86).
ubralo avtoSemkeTebeli sawarmo, romelmac dRiur

amonagebad (navaWrad) ramdenime aTasi dolari aCvena
da bankSi ganaTavsa rogorc kompaniiis Semosavali, eW-
vis safuZveli gaxda bankisTvis. bankis informaciis
safuZvelze finansuri dazvervis samsaxurma daadgina,
rom es iyo Semosavali TaRliTobidan, fulis miTvise-
bidan da gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobidan. legalurad
moqmedi kompania safarveli iyo imis samtkiceblad, rom
TiTqos naRdi fuli biznesidan miRebuli Semosavalia.
naRdi fuliT ganxorcielebuli msxvili operaciebi,
patara kompaniisTvis ararealuri brunva, valutis
aratipiuri warmomavloba, danaSaulebrivi Semosav-
lebis gamovlenis indikatorad iqca.
masaJis salonis angariSze uCveulod didi odenobis

Semosavlebi eWvis safuZvlad iqca bankisTvis, romlis
informaciiT finansuri dazvervis samsaxurma gamoav-
lina, rom masaJis salonebSi sinamdvileSi bordelebi
iyo ganTavsebuli, sadac trefikingis msxverpli qa-
lebis eqspluatacia xdeboda (saqme 23).
sxva saqmeSi, ofSoruli angariSidan erT-erTi kompaniis

angariSze soliduri Tanxis gadaricxva eWvis safuZve-
li gaxda bankisTvis, romlis informaciiT finansuri
dazvervis samsaxurma ukanono Semosavlebis garecxvis
daSla-ganawilebis stadia gamoavlina (saqme 16).
824
valutis gacvlis punqti an restorani ar aris iseTi
masStabis biznesi, romelsac milionobiT Semosavali
moaqvs. swored amitom uCveulod didi Semosavlebis
warmomavlobis aRniSnul biznesTan dakavSirebam,
finansuri operaciebis ganxorcielebis dros banki
daaeWva da informacia miawoda finansuri dazvervis
samsaxurs, romelic narkotikebis vaWrobiT miRebuli
Semosavlebis garecxvis kvalze gavida (saqme 24, 83).
ararealuri brunva da Tanxebis uCveulo da araekono-

miuri moZraoba angariSebze kompaniisTvis, romelic
kompiuterebisTvis operatiuli mexsierebis mowyobi-
lobis miwodebiT iyo dakavebuli, eWvis sauZveli gaxda
bankisTvis, romlis informaciiT finansuri dazvervis
samsaxurma didi odenobiT gadasaxadisTvis Tavis
aridebis faqtebi gamoavlina. ukanono Semosavlebis
misaRebad aseTi sqema moqmedebda _ saqonlis momwode-
beli kompania or angariSs adgenda _ erTs namdvils,
romelsac kompanionebs ugzavnida da meore fiqtiurs
_ sabaJosaTvis, romelSic miwodebuli saqonlis Rire-
bulebis 1/10 fiqsirdeboda. am sqemam damnaSaveebs Sesa-
Zlebloba misca ejobnaT konkurentebisTvis da damate-
biTi mogeba mieRoT (saqme 17).
egmontis jgufis angariSSi motanilia legaluri bi-

znesis araswori gamoyenebis faqtebi. aq saubaria im
sqemebze, roca fulis gamTeTrebeli cdilobs gamoiy-
enos arsebuli kompaniebi, romlebic informirebuli
ar arian Semosavlebis danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb. am tipologiiT safinanso dawesebulebas, gac-
nobierebuli ara aqvs fulis garecxvis sqemaSi monaw-
ileoba. maT mier danaSaulebrivi saxsrebi ganixile-
ba rogorc firmebis Semosavali. amasTanave, fulis
garecxvis sqemebSi xSirad iyeneben iseT profesiona-
825
lebs, rogoricaa: iuristebi da buRaltrebi, rac xazs
usvams damnaSaveTa survils, danaSaulebrivi Semosav-
lebi daukavSiron pativsacem adamianebs, biznesmenebs.
kanonieri kompaniebis meSveobiT fulis garecxvis
moTxovnileba sul ufro izrdeba, ramdenadac safinan-
so dawesebulebebs ar surT iseTi saSualebebis miReba,
romlis kanonier warmomavlobaSic darwmunebuli ar
arian.
kanonieri biznesisTvis misdauneburad fulis gaTe-

Trebis sqemebSi monawileoba safrTxis matarebelia,
Tuki am faqtebs media gaaSuqebs. maT pasuxismgeblo-
bas Tavic rom daaRwion, kanonmorCili moqalaqeebi da
firmebi mxolod im kompaniebTan amjobineben urTier-
Tobas, romelTac Seulaxavi reputacia aqvT.
aRniSnuli tipologiiT danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebi-

sTvis kanonieri saxis misacemad gamoiyeneba sabanko
dawesebulebac, sakredito kompaniac, prestiJuli saa-
dvokato firmac, kazinoc da sxva legaluri biznes-
struqtura. amis precedentebi mravladaa egmontis
jgufis mier Sekrebil saqmeebSi.
eqspertebi Tvlian rom, fulis garecxvis legaluri

meqanizmebidan yvelaze daucvelia onlain sabanko
momsaxureba, naRdi fuli, satelegrafo gzavnilebi,
eleqtronuli safuleebi, angariSsworebis sxva axa-
li teqnologiebi. iuristebis, notariusebis, buRal-
trebis da sxva profesionalebis momsaxureba, sako-
respodento sabanko angariSebi, fasiani qaRaldebi
warmdgenze da sxva instrumentebi moTxovnis dasaTmo-
bad ofSoruli safinanso centrebi, arakooperirebadi
qveynebi da teritoriebi.37
37
WuWyiani fulis garecxva, avtorTa koleqtivi, gv. 214-221.
826
danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis gamovlenisa da amoRebis
safrTxe ukanono Semosavlebis legalizatorebs ubi-
Zgebs, fulis garecxvis sqemebSi gamoiyenon kriminal-
Tan kavSiris armqone crumagieri pirebi. aseTi Semosav-
lebis samarTavad SerCeul crumagier pirebs iyeneben
sabanko angariSebze fulis deponirebisa da moxsnisT-
vis. amgvarma safinanso operaciebma samarTaldamcavTa
yuradRebac rom miiqcion, namdvili damnaSaveTa gamov-
lenisa da Semosavlebis amoRebis riski mcirea. saeWvo
warmomavlobis aqtivebsa da kriminalebs Soris kavSiris
SesaniRbad angariSis gaxsnis an safinanso operaciebis
warmoebis dros gamoiyeneba yalbi dokumentebi.
saerTaSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, safinanso dawese-

bulebebSi arcTu iSviaTia yalbi dokumentebis ward-
genis SemTxvevebi Semosavlebis, TiTqosda legaluri
warmomavlobis dasasabuTeblad. egmontis jgufis mier
Sekrebil sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi dafiqsirebulia
angariSis gasaxsnelad, an fulis gadaricxvisTvis da
pirovnebis saidentifikaciod yalbi, moparuli an dak-
arguli pasportebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi, aseve, fu-
lis garecxvis sqemaSi yalbi saxelebisa da misamarTebis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi, gansazRvruli sakomisios san-
acvlod sakuTari angariSis gamoyenebis uflebis micema
sxva pirebisTvis da a.S.
erT-erTi saqmis mixedviT, organizebuli jgufi mo-

paruli avtomobilebis vaWrobiT miRebuli Semosav-
lebis gasarecxad, sxvadasxva pirebis saxelze gaxsnil
angariSebs iyenebda fulis mravaljeradi moZraobisT-
vis angariSebs Soris, misi warmomavlobis dasafarad,
rac fulis garecxvis procesSi Semosavlebis daSla-
ganawilebis stadiiTaa cnobili. amasTanave, erTi da
igive piri moqmedebda mTel rig bankebSi sxvadasxva
pirebis saxelze gaxsnili angariSebis mflobelTa war-
827
momadgenlad, rac imaze mianiSnebs rom am angariSebis
mflobeli realurad es adamiani iyo, sxvebi ki crum-
agieri pirebi. (saqme 40).
angariSSi warmodgenili erT-erTi saqmis mixedviT,

saxelmwifo pensiebis gasacemad gankuTvnili 2 mln
aSS dolari, finansTa saministros Tanamdebobis pir-
Ta monawileobiT gadaricxuli iqna kerZo pirebis an-
gariSebze. gadaricxuli Tanxebis legalizaciisTvis
pirebi iyenebdnen yalb dokumentacias, agreTve yalb
pasportebs angariSebis gasaxsnelad. fuli garecxili
iqna msxvili safinanso dawesebulebebis meSveobiT...
(saqme 41).
kompaniebis organizebuli qseli erT-erT qveyanaSi

saqonlis kontrabandiT iyo dakavebuli. deponire-
buli naRdi fulis gadaricxvebi, ofSoruli zonebis
sxvadasxva sabanko dawesebulebebSi, SesaZleblobas
aZlevda maT, didi odenobiT gadasaxadebisgan Tavi
gaeridebinaT. am kompaniebis saqmianobis xelwera iyo
didi raodenobis naRdi fulis deponireba angariSebze
da maTi moZraoba sazRvargareT sxvadasxva kompanie-
bis angariSebze. amgvar gadaricxvebs asabuTebdnen
rogorc saqonlis importis avansirebul saSualebebs
da banks waredgineboda angariSebi da sagareo ekonomi-
kuri kontraqtebi. bankis daeWveba gamoiwvia iman, rom
kompaniebi arasodes ar waradgendnen sabaJo deklara-
ciebs da angariSebisa da zeddebulebis originalebs,
romlebic daadasturebdnen realur imports. finan-
suri dazvervis samsaxurebis mier, bankis informaciis
safuZvelze, dadginda, rom kompaniebi fiqtiuri iyo da
saqonlis imports ar axorcielebdnen. bankSi wardgeni-
li sagareo-vaWrobis dokumentebi yalbi iyo. sazRvar-
gareT gadaricxuli Tanxebis beneficiarebis umrav-
828
lesoba (kompaniebi da fizikuri pirebi) gaurkveveli
an ararsebuli iyo, zogierTi kompania damnaSaveTa sam-
yaros warmomadgenlebTan iyo kavSirSi, zogierTi ki
ofSorebSi registrirebuli, romelTa mflobelebis
identificireba rTulia (saqme #42).
axalgazrda qalis ucnobi mamakaciT sasiyvarulo gata-

cebam fulis gaTeTrebis sqemaSi misdauneburi CaTreva
ganapiroba, saxeldobr, legalizatorma muqariT ai-
Zula qali, ramdenime angariSi gaexsna Tavis saxelze,
raTa misTvis ucnobi pirebisagan Tanxebi mieRo. am an-
gariSebze soliduri Tanxebis Caricxvis Semdeg fulis
gamTeTrebelma mamakacma aiZula qali erT-erT turis-
tul centrSi saxli SeeZina. qalis angariSze Tanxebis
uCveulo moZraoba SeumCneveli ar darCaT safinanso
dawesebulebebs. mogvianebiT finansuri dazvervis sam-
saxurebma gaarkvies rom es mamakaci sxvadasxva gamogo-
nili saxelebiT axorcielebda finansur operaciebs
(garigebebs) da CarTuli iyo narkotikebis kontraband-
aSi (saqme #45). sxva saqmeSi adgili hqonda narkotikebis
vaWrobiT miRebuli Tanxebis ganTavsebas damnaSavis
meuRlis, naTesavebis, nacnobebis angariSebze. fuladi
gzavnilebis misaRebad uamravi angariSebi ixsneboda
(saqme #46) 38; sabanko angariSebze zRvruli Tanxebi
iricxeboda, romlebic maSinve ifanteboda anu naRdi
fuli ixsneboda angariSebidan an igzavneboda sxva an-
gariSebze. fulis gaTeTrebis am sqemas uwodeben _
smerfing-s. egmontis jgufis angariSidan Cans, rom fu-
lis gaTeTrebisaTvis xSirad gamoiyeneba Tanxebis `ga-
38
erT-erT saqmeSi 23 sabanko angariSs erTi piri marTavda,
romlebsac fulis gaTeTrebis operaciebisTvis iyenebda, meo-
regan _ legalizatorebma 40 angariSi gaxsnes, raTa Tanxebis
moZraoba maqsimalurad garTulebuliyo (saqme #81).
829
fantvis~ meTodi (smerfing)39.
egmontis jgufis angariSis mixedviT, fulis garecxvis

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi gavrcelebulia anonimuri aq-
tivebis gamoyeneba. eqspertebis SefasebiT, damnaSavesa
da Semosavals Soris kavSiris SeniRbvis kargi saSuale-
baa anonimuri aqtivebi. kargad SeniRbuli finansuri
kvali TiTqmis SeuZlebels xdis gamoZiebis procesSi
gamovlenili da damtkicebuli iqnes kavSiri damnaSave-
sa da aqtivs Soris. swored amitom, danaSaulebriv saqmi-
anobaSi popularulia anonimuri aqtivebi. zogierTi
formis aqtivebi anonimuria Tavisi bunebiT, magaliTad,
naRdi fuli, saiuveliro nakeTobebi, Zvirfasi qvebi
da liTonebi, eleqtronuli gadaxdis sistemebi da sxv.
amitom, aseTi aqtivis mflobelis an misi warmoSobis wy-
aros dadgena faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia, Tu uSualod
am aqtivis yidva-gayidvis dros ar daakaves damnaSave.
egmontis jgufis angariSSi Sesulia sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeebi, romelTa indikatori gaxda erTi da igive
pirebis mier bankebSi an valutis gacvlis punqtebSi
zRvruli odenobis Tanxebis mravaljeradi gadacvla
sxva valutaze; naRdi fulis deponireba sabanko an-
gariSze da mokle droSi ukan gatana; valutis uCveulo
forma (wvrili kupiurebi); mravalricxovani valutebi-
sgan Semdgari naRdi fuli; didi odenobis naRdi fulis
deponireba axladgaxsnil angariSze; gansakuTrebiT
didi odenobis Tanxebis gadacvla sxva valutaze; didi
39
zRvruli Tanxis qvemoT ganxorcielebul operacias uwo-
deben smerfing-s. es aris fulis gaTeTrebis sqema roca safi-
nanso institutSi samoZrao an gadacvlili Tanxa ar aRemateba
zRvrul odenobas, romlis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi angariS-
gebis blanki ivseba.
830
odenobis naRdi fulis dagroveba angariSebze da Sem-
deg sazRvargareT gadaricxva; fulis gadaricxva saz-
RvargareTis iurisdiqciebSi an piriqiT raime biznes
miznis gareSe (Tanxebis amgvari atipiuri an araekonomi-
kuri gadaricxva mis gaTeTrebaze mianiSnebs); uCveulo
biznes-saqmianoba an safinanso operacia (fulis moZ-
raoba, romelic xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli SeiZleba
mianiSnebdes, rom biznesi ufro metadaa dainterese-
buli fulis gadaadgilebiT finansur sistemaSi, vidre
Semosavlis miRebiT. legaluri biznesmeni yovelTvis
dainteresebulia Seamciros sabanko momsaxurebis xar-
jebi, legalizatorebi ki sxvadasxva safinanso dawese-
bulebebSi an qveynebSi anawileben (`fantaven~) Tanxebs,
raTa daxlarTon finansuri kvali); naRdi fulis kon-
trabanda da ganTavseba mravalricxovan sabanko an-
gariSebze; erTi da igive piris mier, erTsa da imave dRes
sxvadasxva qalaqebSi ganxorcielebuli msxvili opera-
ciebi naRdi fuliT (ZiriTadad valutis gacvlis oper-
aciebi); klientis saqmianobis profilisTvis (an finans-
uri statusisTvis) uCveulo (ararealuri) simdidre
(vTqvaT restornis biznesi); da a.S. zemoaRniSnuli fu-
lis garecxvis sqemebis safinanso gamoZiebiT dadginda,
rom Semosavlebi miRebuli iyo narkotikebis vaWrobiT,
trefikingiT, prostituciiT, pornografiiT, TaRli-
TobiT da sxv.
safinanso momsaxurebis globalizacia fulis gaTeTre-

bis axali sqemebis SemuSavebisken ubiZgebs damnaSaveTa
samyaros. kerZod, damnaSaveebi fulis gaTeTrebisTvis
efeqturad iyeneben gansxvavebebs nacionalur samarT-
lebriv sistemebs Soris. saxeldobr, mxedvelobaSia sx-
vadasxva qveynis urTierTgansxvavebuli kanonmdebloba
sabanko saidumlos Sesaxeb, klientebis savaldebulo
identifikaciis Sesaxeb, saeWvo safinanso operaciebze
831
informaciis miwodebis valdebulebis da sawarmoTa
Seqmnisa da registraciis Sesaxeb, gansxvavebuli saga-
dasaxado kanonmdebloba da savaluto SezRudvebi.
aRniSnuli Taviseburebebi xSirad xelSemSleli faqto-

ria finansuri zedamxedvelobis (FIU) samsaxurebisT-
vis srulyofili informacia miiRon sabanko angariSis
mflobelebze, am angariSebze fulis moZraobaze, bi-
znes-kompaniebze, maT mier ganxorcielebul safinanso
operaciebze da sxv. amis gareSe ki fulis gaTeTrebis
sqemebis gamovlena SeuZlebelia. es kidev erTxel xazs
usvams nacionaluri samarTlebrivi sistemebis har-
monizaciisa da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gaR-
rmavebis ualternativobas organizebul danaSaulTan
brZolaSi. es problema kidev ufro aqtualuri xdeba
roca saqme exeba danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis miRebas
da gaTeTrebas internetis globaluri qseliT. egmon-
tis jgufis angariSSi motanilia sisxlis samarTlis
saqme, TaRliTobis mcdeloba, romlis mixedviTac vinme
jonma erT-erT qveyanaSi daafuZna kompania internetSi
azartuli TamaSebis sferoSi momsaxurebis gasawevad.
amasTanave mas ar miuRia licenzia amgvari biznesis
warmoebaze. TaRliTobis arsi imaSi iyo, rom am kompa-
niis saxelwodeba TiTqmis emTxveoda ukve arsebuli
internetkompaniis saxelwodebas, romelic azartuli
TamaSebis biznesiT iyo dakavebuli (maize ltd da maze ltd).
TaRliTma adgilobriv bankSi Tavisi kompaniis saxelze
gaxsna angariSi, romelzec sawevro Tanxebi da TamaSis
safasuri unda Caricxuliyo. saTanado reklamis Sem-
deg erT-erT qveyanaSi angariSze sakmaod solidurma
Tanxebma moiyara Tavi. sxva qveynis sabanko angariSze am
Tanxis gadatanis mcdelobisas bankma informacia mia-
woda safinanso dazvervis samsaxurs da angariSi gayina.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakmaod rTuli iyo TaRliTobis
832
adgilis gansazRvra (internets iurisdiqcia ara aqvs),
erT-erTma qveyanam TaRliTobis msxverpl, sakuTari
moqalaqeebis dasacavad gamoZieba daiwyo.
egmontis jgufis wevri qveynebis finansuri zedamxed-

velobis samsaxurebs Soris aqtiuri TanamSromloba
araerTi saqmis warmatebiT gamoZiebis da damnaSaveTa
dasjis sawindari gaxda.40
rac Seexeba qarTul sasamarTlo praqtikas, CvenTan ase-

Ti suraTia: 2005 wels gamoZieba dawyebulia Teqvsmet
saqmeze, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna ganxorcielda
eqvs saqmeze Cvidmeti adamianis mimarT, sabolood or
saqmeze aTi adamiania msjavrdebuli. Semosavali gay-
inulia erT saqmeze 572 000 evros odenobiT, romelsac
konfiskacia gaukeTda.
2006 wels gamoZieba daiwyo aT saqmeze, devna ganxor-

cielda oTx saqmeze oTxi adamianis mimarT, sabolood
sam saqmeSi xuTi adamiania msjavrdebuli. Semosavali
gaiyina or saqmeze 4 548 000 evros odenobiT; Semosavlis
konfiskacia ganxorcielda erT saqmeze 3 214 000 evros
odenobiT.
2007 wlis gamoZieba daiwyo cxra saqmeze. devna ganxor-

cielda or saqmeze ori adamianis mimarT. Semosavali
gaiyina or saqmeze 1 949 000 evros odenobiT.
2008 wels (ianvari, maisi) gamoZieba daiwyo sam saqmeze.

devna ganxorcielda erT saqmeze erTi adamianis mimarT.
40
egmontis jgufis mier moZiebuli 100 sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis mimoxilva emyareba a. rimarukis redaqtorobiT gamo-
cemul naSroms `WuWyiani fulis garecxva~, kievi, 2003.
833
sabolood sam saqmeSi sami adamiania msjavrdebuli. Se-
mosavali gaiyina erT saqmeze, 1 936 000 evros odenobiT,
romelic konfiskebulia.
2008 wlis (ivnisi, dekemberi) gamoZieba daiwyo eqvs saq-

meze. devna ganaxorciela or saqmeze sami adamianis
mimarT, sabolood erT saqmeze ori adamiania msjavrde-
buli. Semosavali gaiyina erT saqmeze 6 815 609 evros
odenobiT. or saqmeze jarimaa dakisrebuli 543 486 ev-
ros odenobiT. Semosavlis konfiskacia moxda erT saq-
meze 87 248 evros odenobiT.
2009 wels gamoZieba daiwyo cxra saqmeze. devna ganxor-

cielda oTx saqmeze eqvsi adamianis mimarT. sabolood
erT saqmeze erTi adamiania msjavrdebuli. Semosavali
gayinulia xuT saqmeze 1 738 200 evros odenobiT. Semo-
savlis konfiskacia moxda erT saqmeze 40 000 evros ode-
nobiT.
2010 wlis ianvris monacemebiT gamoZieba dawyebulia

Svid saqmeze. devna ganxorcielda oTx saqmeze xuTi ada-
mianis mimarT, Semosavali gayinulia erT saqmeze 46500
evros odenobiT. saboloo Sedegebi cnobili araa.41
qarTuli sasamarTlo praqtikidan Cven gavecaniT fu-

lis gaTeTrebis sqemaSi sabanko sistemis gamoyenebis or
klasikur SemTxvevas. es aris sisxlis samarTlis saqme
a.q-s mimarT (saqme N1/2402, 18.04.2006 weli) da sisxlis
samarTlis saqme i. T-is mimarT (saqme N1/1001-08).
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCenis mixedviT, a.

q-s brali daedo masSi, rom man Caidina ukanono Semosav-
lis legalizacia, ese igi fulisTvis da sxva qonebisT-
41
statistikuri monacemebi aRebulia MONEIVAL-is bolo
2010 (3) angariSidan, ix. http;//www.coe.int/moneival
834
vis kanonieri saxis micema, agreTve ukanono Semosavlis
wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis, moZraobis,
qonebis namdvili mesakuTris, mflobelis da qonebrivi
uflebis damalva jgufurad, araerTgzis, samsaxure-
brivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT.
manve Caidina uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba, ese

igi samewarmeo organizaciaSi xelmZRvanelobiTi, war-
momadgenlobiTi da sxva specialuri uflebamosilebis
gamoyeneba am organizaciis kanonieri interesebis sawi-
naaRmdegod, TavisTvis da sxvisTvis, gamorCenis da upi-
ratesobis miRebis mizniT, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani
gamoiwvia.
manve, mis mier organizebul jgufTan erTad, Caidina

TaRliToba, ese igi marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis
mizniT sxvisi nivTis daufleba da qonebrivi uflebis
miReba motyuebiT, samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoy-
enebiT, didi odenobiT.
manve, mis mier organizebul jgufTan erTad Caidina am

jgufis marTlzomier mflobelobaSi da gamgeblobaSi
arsebuli sxvisi moZravi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdegod
miTviseba araerTgzis, samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT, didi odenobiT.
manve Caidina didi odenobiT yalbi fasiani qaRaldis

damzadeba da Senaxva gasaRebis mizniT, aseve yalbi fa-
siani qaRaldebis dasamzadeblad sabeWdi formisa da
qaRaldis ukanono damzadeba da Senaxva.
manve araerTgzis Caidina yalbi oficialuri dokumen-

tis, beWdis, Stampis, blankis damzadeba da gamoyeneba,
ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia.
835
a. q-s danaSaulebrivi qmedebebi gamoixata SemdegSi: 2000
wels a. q-Svilma saaqcio sazogadoeba komerciul bank
`gamabankis~ wilebis nominaluri RirebulebiT Sesyid-
visa da fuladi Senatanebis ganxorcielebis gziT xelSi
Caigdo aRniSnuli bankis marTvis sadaveebi, Tavad gaxda
bankis sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile,
ris Semdegac ganizraxa aRniSnuli bankis gamoyeneba sx-
vadasxva danaSaulebis, maT Soris saxelmwifo biujetis
kuTvnili fuladi saxsrebis miTvisebis, ukanono Semo-
savlis legalizaciisa da sxva ukanono finansuri op-
eraciebis warmoebis mizniT.
aRniSnuli ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanisaTvis amiran

q-Svilma saaqcio sazogadoeba komerciul bankSi `gam-
abanki~ Seqmna organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi mi-
sive ojaxis wevrebis, kerZod, Svilebis _ a. da g. q-ebis,
meuRlis _ n. q-is SemadgenlobiT. wlebis ganmavlobaSi
aRniSnulma jgufma sxvadasxva danaSaulebis CadenaSi
CaiTria bankis sxva TanamSromlebic. mogvianebiT a. q-
Svili gamovida sameTvalyureo sabWos Semadgenlobi-
dan, Tumca Svili, g. q-Svili, moawyo bankis generalur
direqtorad, xolo meore Svili, a. q-Svili _ bankis
sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomared. 2003 wlis 1 ap-
rilamde a. q-Svilis meuRle n. q-Svili muSaobda fasiani
qaRaldebisa da plastikuri baraTebis departamentis
konsultantad, Tumca, aRniSnuli samsaxuridan wasv-
lis Semdeg aqtiurad agrZelebda bankSi organizebuli
jgufis SemadgenlobaSi danaSaulebriv saqmianobas.
aseT pirobebSic ki, a. q_Svili piradad ganagebda ban-
kis saqmianobas da xelmZRvanelobda sxvadasxva dana-
Saulebis Cadenas mis dakavebamde.
organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis Zir-

iTad mimarTulebad iqca ukanono Semosavlis legal-
836
izacia, anu fulisTvis kanonieri saxis micema, ukanono
Semosavlis wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis,
moZraobis, qonebis namdvili mesakuTris an mflobelis,
anda qonebrivi uflebis damalva.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva komerciuli bankebi-

dan da samewarmeo subieqtebidan saaqcio sazogadoeba
`gamabankis~ sxvadasxva angariSze gadmoricxuli fulis
gaTeTrebis mizniT, organizebuli jgufi mimarTavda
Semdeg ukanono operaciebs: axdenda ucxoeTidan gad-
moricxuli Tanxebis mobilizebas konkretul angariSe-
bze, zog SemTxvevaSi es xdeboda, TiTqosda sawesdebo
kapitalis Sesavsebad, xolo Semdeg adgenda yalb doku-
mentacias, TiTqosda sabanko sesxis gadacemis Taobaze.
sinamdvileSi sesxebi arc gaicemoda, arc brundeboda
ukan da es Tanxebi Sesabamis subieqtebs ubrundebodaT
ukve garecxili saxiT.
garda amisa, ucxoeTidan gadmoricxuli Tanxebis mobi-

lizeba xdeboda fiqtiuri samewarmeo subieqtebis an-
gariSebze, sadac es Tanxebi nawevrdeboda da miemarTe-
boda sruliad gaurkvevel, ZiriTadad ofSorul zoneb-
Si registrirebuli subieqtebis angariSebze, aseve
gaurkveveli daniSnulebiT, xolo gansazRvruli peri-
odis gasvlis Semdeg es Tanxebi Tavs iyrida MmaTi Tavda-
pirveli gadmomricxavi subieqtebis angariSebze, aseve
ukve garecxili saxiT.
fulis gaTeTrebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-

abanki~ axorcielebda valutis konvertaciis operacie-
bsac. am miznis misaRwevad danaSaulebrivi jgufi axor-
cielebda `gamabankisTvis~ aSkarad wamgebian finansur
garigebebs.
837
danaSaulebrivi jgufi kargad flobda ra fulis ga-
TeTrebis teqnologias, xelmZRvanelobda Camoyalibe-
buli meTodikiT, romelsac inaxavda eleqtronuli in-
formaciis saxiT.
ruseTis federaciaSi arsebuli saaqcio sazogadoeba

`gamabanki~ korespodenti bankebis angariSebze mobi-
lizebuli TanxebisaTvis kanonieri saxis micemis miz-
niT, 2003 wlis 29 dekembers saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-
abankis~ damfuZneblebis èvroTaimkorporeiSenisa~ da
`zolostkorporeiSenis~ mier saqarTvelos erovnul
bankSi gadaricxuli iqna 1 230 244 aSS dolari, TiTqosda
saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankis~ sawesdebo kapitalis
Sesavsebad. AaRniSnuli Tanxidan 645 000 aSS dolari am
Tanxebis warmomavlobis ukeT SenibRvis mizniT gada-
tanili iqna saaqcio sazogadoeba `bank qarTuSi~ arse-
bul sakorespodento angariSze. amis Semdeg 2004 wlis
9, 12, 14 ianvrisa da 4 Tebervlis sagadasaxado davale-
bebis Sesabamisad saaqcio sazogadoeba `banki qarTu-
dan~ da saqarTvelos erovnuli bankidan ruseTis `zo-
lost bankSi~ gaxsnil saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankis~
sakorespodento angariSze gadaricxuli iqna 1 222 000
aSS dolari TiTqosda sakorespodento angariSis gasa-
magreblad, sinamdvileSi ki legalur brunvaSi moxve-
drili Tanxa isev dabrunda `zolost bankSi~ arsebul
saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankis~ sakorespodento an-
gariSze.
aRniSnuli TanxisaTvis sabolood kanonieri saxis mi-

cemis mizniT a. q-Svilis miTiTebiT saaqcio sazoga-
doeba `gamabankSi~ momzadebuli iqna yalbi sakredi-
to xelSekrulebebi 15 ararezident iuridiul pirze
sesxebis gacemis Sesaxeb, agreTve TandarTuli yalbi
sagarantio werilebi da gancxadeba-moTxovnebi ses-
838
xis gacemis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli dokumentebi a. q-Svilis
davalebiT momzadebuli iqna saaqcio sazogadoeba
`gamabankis~ generaluri direqtoris pirveli moadgi-
lis i. k-sa da sakredito departamentis ufrosis m. x-s
mier maT sargeblobaSi arsebuli kompiuterebis meS-
veobiT, maTze Sesrulebuli iqna ararezidenti iuridi-
uli pirebis yalbi xelmowerebi da damowmebuli iqna
amave pirebis yalbi beWdebiT. aRniSnuli yalbi doku-
mentebis meSveobiT sesxis miRebis survili TiTqosda
gamoTqva ararezidentma 15 iuridiulma pirma: ,,kava-
lier entrpraizis inq-ma~ 80 000 aSS dolaris, ,,veldin
interneiSenel ltd-em~ 75 000 aSS dolaris, ,,komers
iunion grupma~ 70 000 aSS dolaris, ,,proqsium korpma~
78 000 aSS dolaris, ,,troika dialog ltd-ma~ 86 000 aSS
dolaris, ,,ekogros lls-ma~ 82 000 aSS dolaris, ,,Tvin-
sTel limitedma~ 85 000 aSS dolaris, ,,fortoneqs grup
ltdm~ 85 000 aSS dolaris, ,,Salai valai ltd-ma~ 80 000
aSS dolaris, ,,siti invest ltd-ma~ 77 000 aSS dolaris,
,,eooo golfstrim limited-ma~ 80000 aSS dolaris, ,,uo-
ren teq korp-ma~ 80 000 aSS dolaris, ,,kont invest inq-
ma~ 80 000 aSS dolaris, ,,sirius iunion korp-ma~ 85 000
aSS dolaris da ,,seqiure iunaited korp-ma~ 79 000 aSS
dolaris miRebaze.
aRniSnuli sesxebis gacema saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-

abankis~ buRalteriaSi asaxuli iqna ise, rom danaSau-
lebrivi jgufis wevrebs arc ki ufiqriaT moqmedi kanon-
mdeblobis formaluri dacvac ki da TxuTmetive SemTx-
vevaSi kreditis gacema aCvenes kanonmdeblobiT gaT-
valiswinebuli rigi aucilebeli dokumentebis, kerZod
msesxeblis angariSgegmis, sabalanso, mogeba-zaralis,
fulis mimoqcevis uwyisebisa da biznesgegmis darTvis
gareSe. saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankis~ buRalteria-
Si naCvenebi iqna, TiTqosda aRniSnuli kreditebi sru-
839
lad iqna dabrunebuli 2004 wlis maisis TveSi, Tumca
sabuRaltro dokumentaciiT ar Cans, Tu, konkretulad
romeli sakredito dawesebulebis meSveobiT iqna dab-
runebuli sesxebi.
sinamdvileSi, arcerTi aRniSnuli sesxi saaqcio sazoga-

doeba `gamabankis~ mier gacemuli ar yofila, yovelg-
vari dokumentacia maTTan dakavSirebiT aris yalbi da
aRniSnuli finansuri maqinacia ganxorcielda fulis
gaTeTrebis mizniT.
mocemuli qmedebiT amiran q-Svilma Caidina danaSaule-

bi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 194-e muxlis II nawilis
à~, `b~ da `g~ qvepunqtebiT, 220-e muxliT da 362-e mux-
lis II nawilis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT.
2000-2004 wlebSi saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankis~ sa-

korespodento angariSebze ucxouri bankebidan da sxva
samewarmeo subieqtebidan sistematurad iricxeboda
aTeuli da aseuli milionobiT Tanxebi ucxour valuta-
Si, romelTa mobilizeba a. q-Svilsa da misi organizebu-
li jgufis gadawyvetilebiT fulisTvis kanonieri saxis
micemis mizniT, xdeboda am ukanasknelTa mier Seqmnili
fiqtiuri firmebis, ucxoeTSi, maT Soris ofSorul
zonebSi registrirebuli firmebis sabanko angariSebze,
sadac mimdinareobda Tanxebis danawevreba da mimarTva
sruliad gaurkveveli daniSnulebiT.
2004 wlis 1 ianvridan 2004 wlis 13 ivlisamde periodSi

ruseTis federaciaSi registrirebulma Sps `ventreon-
ma~, Sps àltaveonma~ da Sps `petroteqsoilma~, TiTqos-
da uZravi qonebis, fasiani qaRaldebis SesaZenad, si-
namdvileSi ki Tanxis legalizaciis mizniT, aSS-s ar-
kanzasis StatSi registrirebul kompania `kodogan bi-
840
znes korporeiSens~ saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankSi~
gaxsnil sabanko angariSze, ruseTis federaciis bank
èleqtronikaSi~ arsebuli saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-
abankis~ sakorespodento angariSis meSveobiT Cauricxa
2 095 679 603 rusuli rubli.
a. q-Svilma, organizebul jgufTan erTad, danaSau-

lebrivi ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis mizniT ganax-
orciela winaswari SecnobiT finansurad wamgebiani
operacia, kerZod konvertacia gaukeTa `kadogan biznes
korporeiSenisaTvis~ Caricxul Tanxas sul 72 759 645
aSS dolariT, ise, rom konvertaciis Sedegad saaqcio sa-
zogadoeba `gamabankma~ ganicada 53 166 69 laris zarali,
xolo konvertirebuli Tanxa saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-
abankSi~ damzadebuli `kadogan biznes korporeiSenis~
yalbi beWdiT damowmebuli sagadasaxado davalebebis
safuZvelze, Cauricxa mis mier ukanono sabanko opera-
ciebisaTvis sagangebod Seqmnil fiqtiur samewarmeo
organizaciebs: Sps `feniqss~ 6 934 673 aSS dolari da
saaqcio sazogadoeba àqas~ 65 824 972 aSS dolari.
ukanono Semosavlis wyaros, misi ganTavsebis, moZrao-

bisa da qonebis namdvili mesakuTris damalvis mizniT,
a. q-Svilisa da misi organizebuli jgufis mier ze-
moaRniSnul fiqtiur organizaciebze Caricxuli Tanx-
ebi danawevrebuli iqna mcire Tanxebad da 2 659 saga-
dasaxado davalebiT gaformebuli iqna maTi gadaricxva
msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi TiTqosda sxvadasxva
daniSnulebis produqtebis SesaZenad da gaweuli mom-
saxureobisTvis.
gadaricxvebis Sesaxeb sagadasaxado davalebebi

momzadebuli iqna saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,gamabankSi” da
damowmebuli iqna Sesabamisad Sps ,,feniqsis” da saaq-
841
cio sazogadoeba ,,aqas” mrgvali beWdebiT, romlebsac
ukanonod flobdnen a. q-Svili da organizebuli jgu-
fis wevrebi.
ese igi, a. q-Svilma Caidina danaSaulebi, rac gaTval-

iswinebulia ssk-is 194-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~, `b~ da
`g~ qvepunqtebiT, 220-e muxliTa da 362-e muxlis me-2
nawilis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT.
a. q-Svilma 2001 wlis maisSi mis mierve danaSaulebrivi

mizniT Seqmnili saaqcio sazogadoeba `jeneral Cart-
er grupis~ meSveobiT daafuZna Sps sadazRvevo kompa-
nia `jeneral Carter inSurensi~. imisaTvis, rom aRniS-
nul kompanias mieRo sadazRvevo saqmianobis licen-
zia, aucilebeli iyo sawesdebo kapitalis arseboba,
ris gamoc a. q-Svilma ganizraxa droebiT saqarTvelos
dazRvevis saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris
motyuebis gziT, gadaetana garkveuli Tanxa saaqcio sa-
zogadoeba `gamabankSi~ gaxsnil `jeneral Carter inSu-
rensis~ angariSze. am mizniT 2001 wlis 21 maiss a. q-Svi-
lis miTiTebiT saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,jeneral Carter
grupma”, romlis xelmZRvaneli iyo misi Svili g. q-Svili,
Sps sadazRvevo kompania ,,jeneral Carter inSurensis~
sawesdebo kapitalis Sesavsebad saaqcio sazogadoeba
,,gamabankSi~ Caricxa 360.840 aSS dolari. aRniSnuli
Tanxa imave wlis 30 maiss ukan iqna dabrunebuli `jen-
eral Carter bankSi~ gaxsnil ,,jeneral Carter grupis~
angariSze. miuxedavad amisa, imisaTvis, rom Sps ,,jen-
eral Carter inSurenss~ mieRo sadazRvevo saqmianobis
licenzia, a. q-Svilis miTiTebiT, generaluri direqto-
ris z. g-s da mTavari buRaltris m. g-s mier 2001 wlis 31
maiss Sedgenili da gacemuli iqna yalbi cnoba dazRve-
vis saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis samsaxurze, rom 360
840 aSS dolaris eqvivalenti Tanxa iricxeboda ,,jen-
842
eral Carter inSurensis~ angariSze maSin, rodesac es
Tanxa realurad aRar iyo. aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi
qmedebiT sadazRvevo kompaniaze gacemuli iqna licen-
zia, xolo amiran q-Svilma da danaSaulebrivma jgufma
miiRo didi odenobiT qonebaze ufleba.

iswinebulia ssk-is 180-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,d~ da
me-3 nawilis ,,a~, ,,b~ qvepunqtebiT da 362-e muxlis me-2
saaqcio sazogadoeba komerciuli banki ,,gamabanki~ 2001

wlis ivlisidan awarmoebda fizikuri da iuridiuli
pirebis mier satranzito angariSebze biujetis kuTv-
nili miwis gadasaxadisa da sajaro reestris mosakre-
blebis Tanxebis miRebas maTi saxelmwifo biujetSi
gadaricxvisTvis. aRniSnuli garemoebiT isargebla a.
q-Svilma da ganizraxa saxelmwifos kuTvnili Tanxebis
miTviseba. ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis mizniT, misi
davalebiT, mTavari buRalteri m. g-Svili, misi moadg-
ile m. q-Ze da specialisti c. m-Svili Semosul Tanxebs
nacvlad biujetisa, ricxavdnen saaqcio sazogadoeba
komerciul bank ,,gamabankSi~ gaxsnil ,,jeneral Carter
bankis~ sakorespodento angariSze. am gziT 2001-2003
wlebSi ,,jeneral Carter bankis~ angariSze gadatanili
iqna 1 476 074 lari da 86 TeTri. Aa. q-Svilis davalebiT
maia q-sa da nino f-s mier etapobrivad moxda am Tanxis
gadatana savaluto poziciis #906001 angariSze kon-
vertaciis mizniT, xolo, konvertirebuli Tanxa kvlav
gadairicxa saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankSi~ ucxour
valutaSi gaxsnil `jeneral Carter bankis~ sakorespo-
dento angariSze, ris Semdegac n. f-s mier yalbi memo-
rialuri orderebis gamoyenebiT ,,jeneral Carter
bankidan~ aSS dolarebSi konvertirebuli biujetis
843
kuTvnili Tanxebi sxvadasxva dros Cairicxa a., a., g., n.
q-Svilebis da maTTan dakavSirebuli sxva fizikuri da
iuridiuli pirebis angariSebze, saidanac am organizeb-
uli jgufis wevrebis mier xdeboda dasaxelebuli Tanx-
ebis gamotana naRdi fulis saxiT, piradi saWiroebisaT-
vis gamoyenebis, araoficialuri xelfasebis gacemisa
da sxva ukanono garigebebis mizniT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cernogoriis respublikaSi regis-

trirebul `jeneral Carter banks~ 2002 wlis 1 agvistos
gauuqmda sabanko saqmianobis licenzia, amiran q-Svili
organizebul jgufTan erTad flobda ra `jeneral
Carter bankis~ yalb beWedsa da titulian blankebs,
maTi gamoyenebiT, amave bankis saxeliT 2003 wlis 19 se-
qtembramde agrZelebda zemoaRniSnul ukanono finan-
sur operaciebs. aRniSnuli qmedebebiT saxelmwifo bi-
ujets miadga 2 902 164 laris ziani, sanqcia-sauravebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.

iswinebulia ssk-is 182-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~, `d~,
me-3 nawilis à~, `b~ qvepunqtebiTa da 362-e muxlis me-2
sxvadasxva ukanono garigebebis warmoebis mizniT a. q-

Svilma ganizraxa yalbi fasiani qaRaldebis damzadeba,
risTvisac SeimuSava Semdegi meqanizmebi: kerZod, saaq-
cio sazogadoeba `gamabankSi~ kompiuteris meSveobiT
daamzada Sesabamisi sabeWdi forma da fasiani qaRalde-
bisaTvis gankuTvnili specialuri qaRaldis formati,
romlebsac inaxavda saaqcio sazogadoeba `gamabankSi~.
aRniSnuli yalbi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, a. q-Svilma
daamzada 2000 wlis 15 dekembriT daTariRebuli ,,jen-
eral Carter bankis~ ubralo Tamasuqebi, romlebic
844
TiTqosda SeiZina amave bankidan da meti damajereblo-
bisaTvis daamowma miTiTebuli bankis yalbi beWdiT,
romelsac ukanonod inaxavda saaqcio sazogadoeba
,,gamabankSi~. aRniSnuli wesiT damzadebuli fasiani
qaRaldebi a. q-Svilma Seinaxa saaqcio sazogadoeba `gam-
abankSi~ ukanono garigebebis warmoebisa da gasaRebis
mizniT.
ese igi a. q-Svilma Caidina danaSauli, rac gaTval-

iswinebulia ssk-is 212-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~ qvepun-
qtiT da me-4 nawiliT.
a. q-Svilisa da organizebuli jgufis mier saaqcio sa-

zogadoeba komerciul bank `gamabankSi~ danaSaulebri-
vi saqmianobis procesSi saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli
iqna mniSvnelovani ziani 11 717 378 3 laris odenobiT,
Tumca 2004 wlis 1 ianvris Semdgom, amnistiisa da arade-
klarirebuli sagadasaxado valdebulebebisa da qone-
bis legalizaciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis safuZ-
velze, am Tanxam mxolod 2 919 882 58 lari Seadgina.
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciisa da sxva ukanono

garigebebis mizniT a. q-Svilma, gamoZiebiT daudgenel
drosa da adgilas, daamzadebina kompaniebis: ,,forsam
interneiSenal ink~, ,,abc interneiSenal bank ink~: ,,jen-
eral bizness roma~, ,,kadogan biznes korp~, ,,verlon
ink~, ,,jeneral Carter bank~, ,,seqiure iunaiTed korp~,^
,,uoren teq korp~, `golfstrim limited~, `Salai valai
ltd~, `Sirius iunaited korp~, `siTi invest ltd~, `vel-
din interneiSenal ltd~, ùnikom development ltd~,
èesti vabarik talin~, `tomajabk financial limited~,
`kavalier enterpraizis ink~, èdmond iunion korp~,
`komers iunion grup~, `kont invest ink~, ùnikom devel-
opment ltdes~ mrgvali beWdebi da am kompaniebis war-
845
momadgenelTa xelmowerebis faqsimileebi. aRniSnuli
atributebis gamoyenebiT a. q-Svilma 2000-2004 wlebSi
daamzada yalbi sasesxo xelSekrulebebi, bankis saga-
rantio werilebi, sasesxo gancxadebebi, sagadasaxado
davalebebi da sxva safinanso dokumentebi, romelTa
gamoyenebiTac, danaSaulebriv jgufTan erTad sCadio-
da sxvadasxva danaSaulebs.
a. q-Svilisa da danaSaulebrivi jgufis mier damzadeb-

uli iqna `jeneral Carter bankis~ tituliani blankebi,
romelTa meSveobiTac da amave bankis mrgvali beWedis
gamoyenebiT adgenda yalb dokumentebs ukanono finan-
suri operaciebis warmoebisaTvis.
ese igi, a. q-Svilma Caidina danaSauli, rac gaTval-
iswinebulia ssk-is 362-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~ da `b~
qvepunqtebiT.
amdenad, mTlianobaSi amiran q-Svilis mier Cadenilia

danaSaulebi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 180-e mux-
lis me-2 nawilis ,,d~, da me-3 nawilis ,,a~, ,,b~ qvepunqte-
biT, 182-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,b~, `d~, da me-3 nawilis
,,a”, ,,b~ qvepunqtebiT, 194-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~, ,,b~
da ,,g~ qvepunqtebiT, ssk-is 212-e muxlis me-2 nawilis à~
qvepunqtiTa da me-4 nawiliT, 220-e muxliT da 362-e mux-
lis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,b~ qvepunqtebiT.
amave ganaCeniT, fulis gaTeTrebisa da zemoaRniSnuli

sxva danaSaulebisTvis msjavrdebuli iqnen a. q-Svilis
Svili, a. q-Svili da coli, n. q-Svili. maTve, rogorc or-
ganizebuli jgufis wevrebs, ssk-is 52-e muxlis safuZ-
velze usasyidlod CamoerTvaT danaSaulebrivi gziT
miRebuli qoneba, am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi da
maTi Rirebulebis eqvivalenturi qoneba.
846
zemoaRniSnul ganaCenSi miTiTebulia, rom a-s dana-
Saulebrivma jgufma wlebis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva
danaSaulis CadenaSi CaiTria bankis sxva TanamSrom-
lebic. ganaCenSi motanili zogierTi epizodi, magali-
Tad, sadazRvevo kompaniis sawesdebo kapitalis sabanko
sistemaSi gatareba, miTvisebuli saxelmwifo Tanxebis
konvertacia da sxva moqmedebebi Semosavlis gaTeTreb-
is niSnebis matarebelia. sainteresoa, bankis momsaxure
Sesabamisi personali ra rols asrulebda am qmedebebSi,
winare danaSaulebSi Tanamonawileni iyvnen, Tu mxolod
fulis gaTeTrebis operaciebSi iRebdnen monawileobas?
swored, maT mier Sesrulebul rolzea damokidebuli
qmedebis swori kvalifikacia. samwuxarod, Cven ver mov-
ipoveT maT mimarT gamotanili ganaCeni, romelic pre-
iudiciulad CaiTvala zemoaRniSnul saqmeSi, amitom
kategoriuli daskvnebi ver gavakeTeT. zogadad SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, rom es ganaCeni sabanko sistemis gamoyenebiT
fulis gaTeTrebis klasikur sqemas asaxavs.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeniT i. T-s brali

daedo masSi, rom man Caidina ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizaciaSi daxmareba, e.i. ukanono warmoSobis dafar-
vis mizniT danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebisT-
vis kanonieri saxis micemaSi, agreTve namdvili bunebis,
warmoSobis wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis,
moZraobis da masze sakuTrebis damalvaSi da SeniRbvaSi
xelSewyoba, jgufurad, samsaxureobrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT, rasac Tan axlda gansakuTrebiT didi ode-
nobiT Semosavlis miReba, danaSauli gaTvaliswinebu-
li saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 24, 194-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis à~ qvepunqtiT da me-3 nawilis `b~
da `g~ qvepunqtebiT (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 2007
wlis 4 ivlisamde moqmedi redaqcia), rac gamoixata Sem-
degSi: 2006 wels, saaqcio sazogadoeba `gaerTianebuli
847
qarTuli banki~-s generalur direqtors i. T-s daukav-
Sirda likvidaciis procesSi myofi komerciuli bankis
`garadskoi klientski’’-s direqtorTa sabWos wevri
d. b-i da sTxova didi odenobiT Tanxis brunvaSi gaS-
vebis mizniT ruseTis federaciaSi registrirebuli
Sps ìunivestis~, Sps `mir-lainis~ da Sps `megatransi~-
sTvis angariSebis saaqcio sazogadoeba `gaerTianebul
qarTul bankSi~ gaxsna, imgvarad, rom ar ganxorciele-
buliyo aRniSnuli kompaniebis xelmZRvaneli pirebis
identificireba bankis mier.
i. T-Svilma, miuxedavad imisa, rom gauCnda eWvi, rom

angariSebis b-s mier SemoTavazebuli formiT gaxsna
miznad isaxavda ukanono Semosavlis legalizacias,
gacnobierebuli hqonda Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaR-
mdegoba, iTvaliswinebda marTlsawinaaRmdego Sede-
gis dadgomis SesaZleblobas, im periodSi ar surda
es Sedegi, magram Segnebulad uSvebda da gulgrilad
ekideboda mis dadgomas, gamoiyena samsaxureobrivi
mdgomareoba da saaqcio sazogadoeba `gaerTianebuli
qarTuli banki~-sTvis sargeblis miRebis da d. be-s dax-
marebis aRmoCenis mizniT, daavala saaqcio sazogadoeba
`gaerTianebuli qarTuli banki~-s TanamSromlebs ru-
seTis federaciaSi formalurad r. C-s, a. e-s da d. t-s
saxelze registrirebuli, realurad ki dimitri be-s
mier marTuli Sps ìunivestis~, Sps :mir-lainis~ da Sps
`megatransi~-sTvis angariSebis gaxsna, riTac ugule-
belyo `komerciuli bankebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis, ùkanono Semosavlis legalizaciis aRkveTis
xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis da erovnuli
bankis prezidentis 1998 wlis 19 agvistos N#76 brZanebiT
damtkicebuli instruqciis moTxovnebi, romelic aval-
debulebs banks iuridiuli piris angariSis gaxsnisas
iuridiuli piris xelmZRvanelis an warmomadgenlobi-
Ti uflebamosilebis mqone piris identifikacias.
848
miRebuli davalebis safuZvelze, saaqcio sazogadoeba
`gaerTianebuli qarTuli bankis~ centraluri fili-
alis TanamSromlebis mier 2006 wlis 20 ivliss iuridi-
uli pirebis xelmZRvanelebis da warmomadgenlebis
identifikaciis gareSe saaqcio sazogadoeba `gaer-
Tianebul qarTul bankSi~ gaixsna Sps ìunivesti~-s, Sps
`mir-laini~-s da Sps `megatransi~-s angariSebi.
angariSebis gaxsnidan mokle droSi, mas Semdeg, rac Sps

ìunivesti~-s angariSze daiwyo milionobiT Tanxebis
saeWvo bankebidan da kompaniebidan danawevrebiT gad-
moricxva, konvertireba da sxvadasxva ofSoruli kom-
paniebisTvis gadaricxva i. T_Svili Tavad daukavSirda
d. bBe-s da masTan saubris Semdeg sabolood darwmunda,
rom igi eweoda danaSaulis Sedegad miRebuli qonebis
legalizacias.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, saaqcio sazogadoeba `gaer-

Tianebuli qarTuli banki’’-s generalurma direqtorma
i. T-Svilma, vinaidan miTiTebuli tranzaqciebidan banki
iRebda maRal Semosavals da aseve ar undoda komerciu-
li bankis `garadskoi klientski~-s direqtorTa sabWos
wevr d. Bbe-Tan saqmiani urTierTobis gafuWeba, ar miiRo
araviTari zoma ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis pro-
cesis aRsakveTad da umoqmedobiT daxmareba aRmouCina
d. bBe-s, am ukanasknelis mier mobilizebuli, danaSau-
lebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis
micemaSi.
saqmis masalebis mixedviT dadgenilia, rom Sps ìuni-

vestis~, Sps `mirlainis~ da Sps `megatransis~ angariSe-
bi saaqcio sazogadoeba gaerTianebul qarTul bankSi
gaixsna saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis darRveviT, amave
bankis generaluri direqtoris i. T-s daxmarebiT. d.
849
t_s arasodes ar hqonia Sexeba Sps megatransis saqmi-
anobasTan, saqarTveloSi sabanko angariSebis gaxsnasa da
gadaricxvebTan, xolo Sps mirlainisa da Sps iunivestis
saqmianobis fiqtiur xasiaTze miuTiTebs is faqti, rom
aRniSnuli kompaniebi arasodes yofilan ganTavsebuli
sadamfuZneblo dokumentebSi miTiTebul misamarTe-
bze, miTiTebuli iuridiuli pirebis xelmZRvanelebi
r.C. da a.e. ar ewevian samewarmeo saqmianobas, saaqcio
sazogadoeba gaerTianebul qarTul bankSi angariSebis
gaxsnisas isini ar imyofebodnen saqarTveloSi, aRniS-
nuli kompaniebis saxeliT sinamdvileSi moqmedebda d.
be., Tanxebis moZraobis daniSnuleba ar Seesabameba ganx-
orcielebuli fuladi operaciebis formas da aSkarad
miuTiTebs aRniSnuli komponentis tranzaqciebis ukeT
SeniRbvis mizniT gamoyenebaze, moskovSi arsebuli
bankebi `diskont~ da `torgovoinvesticoonni~ Sps ìunivesti-s~
da Sps `mirlaini-s~ angariSebze Tanxebis Caricxvis
dros imyofebodnen likvidaciis procesSi, xolo mogvi-
anebiT ki finansur maqinaciebsa da fulis gaTeTrebaSi
monawileobis gamo SeuwydaT saqmianobis licenzia. am-
rigad, yovelive aRniSnuli, kerZod, fiqtiuri kompanie-
bis Seqmna, maT saxelebze ss qarTul bankSi angariSebis
kanonmdeblobis darRveviT, amave bankis generaluri
direqtoris daxmarebiT gaxsna, mocemul angariSebze
gansakuTrebiT didi odenobis Tanxebis obieqturi sa-
fuZvlis gareSe ganTavseba, danawevreba da sxvadasxva
ofSoruli kompaniisTvis gadaricxva, dasabuTebulad
adasturebs aRniSnuli Tanxebis ukanono warmomav-
lobas da cxadyofs, rom zemoT aRwerili sqemis mixed-
viT Tanxebis moZraoba atarebda rogorc mocemuli
Tanxebis namdvili mesakuTris, aseve maTi warmoSobis
wyaros, bunebis, adgilmdebareobis, ganTavsebis da moZ-
raobis dafarvis da SeniRbvis mizans.~
850
i. T-Svilma winaswari gamoZiebis dros ganacxada, rom
man isargebla Tavisi TanamdebobiT da saidentifikacio
proceduris gverdis avliT sam ararezident iurid-
iul pirs angariSi gauxsna bankSi, didi odenobiT fu-
ladi Tanxebis gadaricxvebis ganxorcielebis mizniT.
misTvis, rogorc bankis mmarTvelisTvis, saintereso
aRmoCnda SeTavazebuli winadadeba — didi odenobis
Tanxebis brunviT procentebis miReba, rac bankisT-
vis sasargeblo mogeba iqneboda. misTvis cnobili iyo
erovnuli bankis instruqciiT da ukanono Semosavlis
legalizaciis aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb kanoniT
dadgenili ararezidenti iuridiuli piris angariSis
gaxsnis wesebi, kerZod, angariSis gaxsnaze iuridiuli
piris warmomadgenlis da misi saqmianobis amsaxveli do-
kumentebis identifikaciis valdebulebis Sesaxeb. ma-
gram mainc gaxsna angariSebi kanonis darRveviT. misive
CvenebiT, d. b-sTan saubrisa da sabanko sferoSi saku-
Tari gamocdilebis gaanalizebis Semdeg xvdeboda, rom
aRniSnuli kompaniebis saxeliT sabanko operaciebis
warmoebis mizani unda yofiliyo fulis legalizacia,
Tumca darwmunebuli ar iyo, magram amas varaudobda.
fiqtiur kompaniebs marTavda Tavad Dd. b-e., es kompanie-
bi mas sWirdeboda sabanko sistemaSi didi odenobiT
Tanxebis sabrunavad da misi legalizebisTvis. i. T. d.
b-s mier ganxorcielebuli operaciebis Sesaxeb infor-
macias srulad flobda, sabanko operaciebis mimdin-
areobas akontrolebda da mogvianebiT absoluturad
darwmunda, rom zemoaRniSnuli fiqtiuri kompaniebis
angariSebze Tanxebis brunva, emsaxureboda fulis ga-
TeTrebas, magram mas amaze reagireba ar gaukeTebia da
amiT gadaiqca legalizaciis procesis damxmared.
es Cveneba fulis garecxvaSi Tanaamsruleblobaze mi-

aniSnebs da ara daxmarebaze. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi
851
amgvar daxmarebas fulis gaTeTrebis amsruleblobad
Tvlis, radgan am SemTxvevaSi ganzraxvis arsebobisT-
vis sakmarisia gaTeTrebis SesaZleblobis gacnobiere-
bac. garda amisa, i.T. Tavisi TanamSromlebis meSveobiT
uSualod axorcielebda fulis gaTeTrebis obieqtur
mxares. saxeldobr, rogorc saqmis masalebiT irkveva,
arapirdapiri ganzraxviT dawyebuli Tanamonawileoba,
kerZod daxmareba fulis gaTeTrebaSi, gadaizarda Ta-
naamsruleblobaSi, radgan roca bankis generaluri
direqtori darwmunda, rom Tanxebis brunva emsaxure-
boda mis gaTeTrebas, gaagrZela masSi monawileoba, igi
ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis obieqtur mxares
uSualod axorcielebda, rac gamoixateboda am qonebiT
sargeblobaSi, konversiaSi, gadacemaSi, es ki ukve ara
daxmarebaze, aramed Tanaamsruleblobaze mianiSnebs.
fiqtiuri iuridiuli pirebisTvis, bankSi identifika-
ciis gareSe angariSebis gaxsna, romlebzec didi ode-
nobis saeWvo Tanxebis rTuli, swrafi, atipiuri da
araekonomikuri moZraoba xdeboda sazRvargareTis
iurisdiqciebSi, maT Soris ofSorul zonebSi, aSkarad
mianiSnebs rom ukanono Semosavlebis legalizacia xor-
cieldeboda. amgvari Sedegis gardauvaloba miT ufro
naTeli unda yofiliyo profesionali bankirisTvis.
Tu imas davuSvebT, rom bankis xelmZRvaneli Tavidan
mTlad ar iyo darwmunebuli ganxorcielebuli finans-
uri operaciebis daniSnulebaSi, roca darwmunda da
gaacnobiera rac xdeboda da gaagrZela masSi monawil-
eoba is Tanaamsruleblad iqca. marTalia, fulis gaTe-
Treba gamizvniTi deliqtia magram misi Tanaamsrule-
blobisTvis savaldebulo araa, rom fulis gaTeTrebis
mizani TiToeul monawiles hqondes. SesaZlebelia ga-
TeTrebis mizani mxolod erT maTgans hqondes, meore
ki danaSaulis Semadgenlobis wminda obieqtur mxares
axorcielebdes. miuxedavad amisa, ukanono Semosavlis
852
legalizaciis Tanaamsrulebelia isic, visac Tumca
misi gaTeTrebis mizani ara aqvs, magram icis, rom meore
monawile am mizniT moqmedebs da exmareba mas Tavisi
qmedebiT. subieqturi mxriv Tanaamsrulebloba ganz-
raxi qmedebaa, magram aucilebeli araa isini winaswari
SeTanxmebiT moqmedebdnen. aucilebelia mxolod imis
codna rom isini erTsa da imave sisxlissamarTlebriv
umarTlobas Cadian.42
qarTul sasamarTlo praqtikaSi fulis gaTeTrebis sqe-

maSi bankebis monawileobis es ori faqti moviZieT, Tum-
ca Zneli dasajerebelia, rom amiT damTavrda sabanko
seqtoris Semxebloba fulis gaTeTrebasTan. es sakiTxi
sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs, radgan msoflio masSta-
biT bankebi yvelaze sust rgols warmoadgenen ukanono
Semosavlebis legalizaciaSi.
advokatis gamoyeneba fulis gaTeTrebaSi da am sqemaSi

crumagieri firmebis CarTva qarTul sinamdvileSic
dafiqsirda. (ix. saqme #1/2583-07 g. g-Zis mimarT.) sa-
braldebo daskvnis Tanaxmad, ,,g. g-m Caidina ukanono Se-
mosavlis legalizacia (fulis gaTeTreba), ese igi sam-
saxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, danaSaulebri-
vi gziT mopovebuli qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis micema
(SeZena, floba, sargebloba, gadacema an sxva moqmedeba)
misi ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis mizniT, agreTve misi
namdvili bunebis, warmoSobis wyaros, adgilmdebareo-
bis, masze sakuTrebis da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva
uflebebis SeniRbva, Cadenili jgufurad; manve Caid-
ina yalbi dokumentebis damzadeba da gamoyeneba (2006
wlis 31 maisamde moqmedi redaqciiT), xolo misma Tana-
42
o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, Tb.
2005, gv. 183.
853
monawilem, n. x-ma (2005 wlis 25 Tebervlamde i. q-m) Caid-
ina ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia (fulis gaTeTre-
ba), ese igi danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebisT-
vis kanonieri saxis micema (SeZena, floba, sargebloba,
gadacema an sxva moqmedeba) misi ukanono warmoSobis da-
farvis mizniT, agreTve misi namdvili bunebis, warmoSo-
bis wyaros, adgilmdebareobis, masze sakuTrebis da mas-
Tan dakavSirebuli sxva uflebebis SeniRbva, Cadenili
jgufurad; manve Caidina yalbi dokumentebis damzadeba
da gamoyeneba (2006 wlis 31 maisamde moqmedi redaqciiT).
Gg-sa da n. x-s danaSaulebrivi qmedeba gamoixata Semdeg-
Si: 2001 wlidan g-Ze muSaobda saqarTvelos advokatTa
asociaciis wevrad da 2004 wlis aprilSi samsaxurebrivi
movaleobis Sesrulebis dros danaSaulebrivad dauka-
vSirda libanis moqalaqes pier abdul musa savaias, ro-
melic aRniSnul periodSi imyofeboda saqarTveloSi
da iyo TbilisSi registrirebuli firmebis: saaqcio
sazogadoeba ìnterneiSenal geims end enjopiment~-
is warmomadgeneli da SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis
sazogadoeba `reston fainens l.t.d.~-s warmomadgen-
loba saqarTveloSi filialis direqtori.
espaneTis saxelmwifo centraluri sagamoZiebo, q. ma-

dridis #001 sasamarTlos magistr mosamarTle santi-
ago pedras gomesis mowerilobis Tanaxmad, xsenebuli
firmebi Seiqmnen saqarTveloSi, saerTaSoriso organi-
zebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufis mier espaneTSi narko-
tikebis realizaciidan miRebuli Semosavlebis legal-
izaciis mizniT. imis gamo, rom espaneTidan gadmoricx-
uli ukanono TanxebiT zemoaRniSnul firmebis saxeliT
SeZenili iqna uZravi qoneba da am qonebas esaWiroeboda
kanonieri saxis micema, SeniRbva da movla-patronoba,
pier abdul musa savaiam 2004 wlis 3 maiss Tbilisis no-
tarius m. g-sTan gaaforma rwmunebuleba g-ze (reestri
854
#1-3034) marwmuneblis qonebrivi da araqonebrivi inter-
esebis dacvis Sesaxeb. amasTan Sesrulebuli samuSaosaT-
vis mas uxdida gasamrjelos saxiT 1000 aSS dolars. 2005
wlis zafxulis periodSi g-saTvis cnobili gaxda, rom
espaneTSi samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier Catarebu-
li operaciis Sedegad daapatimres organizebuli jgu-
fis wevrebi, romlebic mxilebulni iqnen narkotikebis
realizaciis da sxvadasxva danaSaulebrivi gziT miRe-
buli Semosavlebis legalizaciis faqtebze, maT Soris
pier abdul musa savaiac. g. g-Zem, espanur-qarTuli en-
ebis mcodne, Tarjiman e. j-s meSveobiT SeZlo espaneTis
cixeSi pier abdul musa savaiasTan dakavSireba, romlis
gamoc miiRo zemoxsenebul firmebze ricxuli uZravi
qonebis dokumentebi da miTiTeba qonebis mesakuTris
SeniRbvis Sesaxeb.
danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis mizniT,

g. g-Ze daukavSirda Tavis naTesavs, n. x-s da gadawyvi-
ta, yalbi dokumentebis gamoyenebiT, mis saxelze, sa-
kuTrebaSi, gaeformebina SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis
sazogadoeba `reston fainens l.t.d~-s saxelze ricxuli
uZravi qoneba, kerZod: q. TbilisSi, Ciqobavas q #8-Si mde-
bare sastumro `londoni~ (mTeli sacxovrebeli saxlis
87/132 nawili da 217 m2 arasacxovrebeli farTi, miwis da
uZravi qonebis #01/16/05/19/001, sabazro RirebulebiT
1 250 000 aSS dolari); q. TbilisSi, saqarTvelos samx-
edro gzis, axmetelisa da lublianas quCebs Soris mde-
bare 15 579 m2 miwis nakveTi (miwis #1/13/1/22/58, sabazro
RirebulebiT 188 100 lari); q. TbilisSi, saqarTvelos
samxedro gzis axmetelisa da lublianas quCebs Soris
mdebare 1 200 m2 miwis nakveTi (miwis # 1/13/1/22/60, sabaz-
ro RirebulebiT 15 390 lari); bagebi-wyneTis gzatkeci-
lis mimdebared 450 m2 miwis nakveTi #7 (miwis #1/14/9/4/14,
sabazro RirebulebiT 47 000 lari) da bagebi-wyneTis
855
gzatkecilis mimdebared 450 m2 miwis nakveTi #8 (miwis
#1/14/9/4/15, sabazro RirebulebiT 47 000 lari).
g. g-s da n. x-s mier 2006 wlis ianvarSi, teqnikuri saSu-

alebebis, kerZod kompiuterisa da skaneris gamoyenebiT
damzadebuli iqna q. Tbilisis notarius e. C-s saxeliT,
2005 wlis 5 agvistoTi daTariRebuli, yalbi sanota-
ro aqti-mindobiloba #1-6909, romelSic CabeWdili iyo
TiTqos SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba
`reston fainens l.t.d.~-s warmomadgenelma pier ab-
dul musa savaiam gasca mindobiloba g. m-Svilze firmis
saxeliT zemoxsenebuli uZravi qonebis yidva-gayidvisa
da sxva operaciebis ganxorcielebis uflebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli mindobilobis gamoyenebiT g. g-m da n. x-ma Se-
Zles daerwmunebinaT q. Tbilisis notariusi d. q-Ze do-
kumentebis sinamdvileSi da 2006 wlis 27 ianvars masTan
gaaformes uZravi qonebis: q. TbilisSi, Ciqobavas q. #8-
Si mdebare sastumro `londoni~-s (mTeli sacxovrebeli
saxlis 87/132 nawili da 217 m2 arasacxovrebeli farTi,
miwis da uZravi qonebis #01/16/05/19/001), q. TbilisSi,
saqarTvelos samxedro gzis, axmetelisa da lublia-
nis quCebs Soris mdebare 15 579 m2 miwis nakveTisa (miwis
#1/13/1/22/58) da q. TbilisSi, saqarTvelo samxedro
gzis axmetelisa da lublianis quCebs Soris mdebare 1
200 m2 miwis nakveTis (miwis # 1/13/1/22/60) nasyidobis
xelSekrulebebi, sanotaro reestrSi saregistracio
#1-518, #1-519 da #1-520, romlis mesakuTre gaxda n. x.,
ramac 2006 wlis 20 da 27 oqtombers registracia gaiara
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sajaro reestris
erovnuli saagentos q. Tbilisis saregistracio sam-
saxurSi (registraciis #68242/2006, #012006070553 da
#012006070551).
finansuri kvalis wasaSlelad mravalricxovani gad-
856
aricxvebis ganxorcieleba sxvadasxva qveynebSi, winas-
war miTiTebul angariSebze, fulis gaTeTrebisTvis b.
Z-s braldebis safuZveli gaxda. (ix. saqme #1/5856-06 b.
Z-s mimarT.) 2005 wlis 11 ianvars saqarTvelos gener-
aluri prukuraturis ukanono Semosavlis legaliza-
ciaze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis specialur samsax-
urSi aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme #7405804, saaqcio
sazogadoeba ,,bank qarTu~-Si 2004 wlis oqtomberSi
ruseTis federaciis moqalaqe kadxim abdul amir al-kx-
aldis angariSze ganxorcielebuli 100 000 aSS dolaris
odenobis garigebis faqtze, ssk-is 194-e muxlis pirveli
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebiT.
miTiTebul saqmeze, 2006 wlis 27 maiss sisxlis samarT-
lis pasuxisgebaSi micemuli iqna b. Z. ssk-is 194-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,b~ qvepunqtebiT. wayenebul bral-
debaSi b. Z-ma srulad scno Tavi damnaSaved da iTa-
namSromla gamoZiebasTan. amasTan, Tavis interesebis
damcvel advokatTan konsultaciis Semdeg mimarTa
gancxadebiT prokuraturas, masTan saproceso SeTanx-
mebis gaformebis Taobaze, rac dakmayofilda.
saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT dadgenilia, rom b. Z-m

jgufurad, araerTgzis Caidina ukanono Semosavlis
legalizacia, ese igi danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli
qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis micema, misi ukanono warmo-
Sobis dafarvis mizniT, agreTve warmoSobis wyaros da
masze sakuTrebis uflebis damalva. b. Z-s qmedebebi Sem-
degSi gamoixata:
b. Z. 1996 wlidan muSaobda Tambaqos nawarmis distrib-

utorad arabi erovnebis moqalaqeebis mier daarse-
bul sxvadasxva samewarmeo organizaciebSi, kerZod
Sps ,,sTraiqi~, ,,fortuna~, ,,starti~ da sxva, xolo 2004
wlis Tebervlidan asrulebda Sps ,,planetas~ menejeris
funqciebs.
857
xangrZlivi urTierTobidan Camoyalibebuli ndobis
safuZvelze, zemoaRniSnuli sawarmoebis damfuZne-
blebis da sxvaTa mier danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli
qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis misacemad, misi ukanono
warmoSobis dafarvis, agreTve warmoSobis wyarosa
da masze sakuTrebis uflebis damalvis mizniT, sxva
pirebTan SeTanxmebiT, b. Z-s mier 1999 wlis 15 ianvars
saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,gaerTianebuli qarTuli banki~-
s mTawmindis filialSi gaxsnili iqna piradi angariSi.
aRniSnul angariSze b. Z-s naRdi fulis saxiT Sehqonda
axmed iunisis, kadxim abdul amir al-kxaldisa da sxva-
Ta mier gadacemuli Tanxebi, romlebsac ricxavda sx-
vadasxva qveynebSi winaswar miTiTebul angariSebze.
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis SeniRbvis mizniT, 2004 wlis

16 agvistos b. Z-s mier am angariSze finansuri opera-
ciebi Sewyda da imave bankis centralur filialSi gax-
snili iqna axali angariSi, romlis gamoyenebiTac kvlav
gaagrZela danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Tanxebis ga-
daricxva da ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis, warmoSobis
wyarosa da masze sakuTrebis uflebis damalvis mizniT,
b. Z-s mier 2004 wlis 9 ianvridan 2005 wlis 1 martis CaT-
vliT bankSi Setanili da sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gad-
aricxuli iqna 267 165 aSS dolari.
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi saeWvo operaciis gavrcele-

bul saxes warmoadgens fulis gadaricxvis momsaxure-
biT mravaljeradi sargebloba, drois mokle periodSi
ramdenime angariSis gaxsna, anonimuri aqtiviT, _ am
SemTxvevaSi naRdi fuliT, mravaljeradi operaciebi
sazRvargareTis iurisdiqciebSi. yvela es indikatori
mianiSnebda fulis gaTeTrebis sqemaze sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeSi b. Z-s mimarT.
858
ucxoeTis, kerZod, espaneTis samarTaldamcav orga-
noebTan TanamSromlobiT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna ganxorcielda qurduli samyaros warmomadgen-
lis m. g-s mimarT, romelic meuRlis meSveobiT Seec-
ada ukanono Semosavlis legalizacias. sabraldebo
daskvnis mixedviT m. g-s brali edeba, masSi, rom man Caid-
ina ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis organizeba, e.i.
fulisaTvis da sxva qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis micema
agreTve ukanono Semosavlis wyaros damalva Cadenili
jgufurad, rasac Tan axlda didi odenobiT Semosavlis
miReba, rac gamoixata SemdegSi: kriminaluri avtorite-
ti, m. g. (metsaxelad ,,melia~), 1996 wlidan imyofeba ara-
registrirebul qorwinebaSi ekaterine W-sTan da wleb-
is manZilze cxovrobs masTan erTad espaneTSi. Mm. g. aris
espaneTSi arsebuli qarTuli kriminaluri dajgufeba
,,quTaisskaia~-s erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli. igi, miuxeda-
vad imisa rom espaneTis biznes reestrSi ar moipoveba
informacia misi da e. W-s samewarmeo saqmianobis Sesaxeb,
faqtobrivad meuRlesTan erTad flobs mravalmilio-
nian qonebas.
2005 wlis 17 ivniss espaneTis samarTaldamcavi orga-

noebis mier qarTuli kriminaluri dajgufebis mimarT
Catarebuli specoperacia ,,krazana~-s Sedegad, miTiTe-
buli dajgufebis sxva wevrebTan erTad, fulis gaTeT-
rebisa da dokumentebis gayalbebis braldebiT dakave-
bul iqnen m. g. da e. W. Ee. W. espaneTis samarTaldamcavi
organoebis mier dakavebidan mokle droSi gaTavisufl-
da patimrobidan.
specoperaciis Sedegad, espaneTis samarTaldamcavi

organoebis mier amoRebuli da dayadaRebuli iqna
kriminaluri dajgufebis kuTvnili qoneba. maT Soris:
cecxlsasroli da civi iaraRebi, xatebi da xelovnebis
nimuSebi, Zvirfaseuloba, Zvirfasi qvebiTa da brilian-
859
tebiT Semkuli sagnebi (romelTa saerTo Rirebuleba
Seadgens ramdenime milion evros), 300 000 evros ode-
nobis naRdi fuli, Cekebi, sabanko baraTebi, sxvadasxva
markis 40-mde avtomanqana da 70-mde uZravi qoneba.
vinaidan specoperaciis Semdeg espaneTis samarTal-

damcavi organoebi dainteresdnen dakavebuli pirebis
sargeblobaSi arsebuli qonebis warmomavlobiT, m. g-m
da e. W-ma, flobdnen ra ukanono gziT mopovebul qonebas
da Sesabamisad ar gaaCndaT misi kanonieri warmoSobis
damadasturebeli dokumentacia, miTiTebuli qonebi-
sTvis kanonieri saxis micemis mizniT ganizraxes 100 000
aSS dolaris Cuqebis Sesaxeb fiqtiuri xelSekrulebis
gaformeba saqarTveloSi.
aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad, m. g-m, vinaidan Tavad im-

yofeboda patimrobaSi, daavala meuRles _ e. W-s Ca-
suliyo saqarTveloSi da Tavisi axlo naTesavebis dax-
marebiT gaeformebina saTanado fiqtiuri dokumenti.
m. g-s davalebiTa da masTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT, e. W.
2005 wlis 12 ivliss 4 dRiT Camovida saqarTveloSi da
2005 wlis 15 ivliss mis bebiasTan _ m. q-sTan, romelic
imyofeboda ukiduresad gaWirvebul finansur mdgo-
mareobaSi, gaaforma notarialurad damowmebuli
Cuqebis fiqtiuri xelSekruleba #1-5925, 2000 wlis iv-
lisSi m. q-s mier TiTqosda misTvis saqorwino saCuqris
saxiT 100 000 (asi aTasi) aSS dolaris Cuqebis Sesaxeb.
xelSekrulebis dadebidan meore dRes e. W-ma datova
saqarTvelo da dabrunda espaneTSi.
amrigad, m. g-s brali edeba masSi, rom man Tavis meuRles-

Tan, e. W-Tan winaswari SeTanxmebiT, zemoTxsenebuli
fiqtiuri naCuqrobis xelSekrulebis gaformebis or-
ganizebiT, Caidina danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis Sedegad
mopovebuli fulis, 100 000 aSS dolarisTvis kanonieri
860
saxis micema da misi wyaros damalva jgufurad, ras-
ac Tan axlda didi odenobiT Semosavlebis miReba.
amdenad, m. g-m Caidina danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 24. 194-e mux-
lis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,d~ q/punqtebiT (2005 wlis 28 de-
kembramde moqmedi redaqcia).
aRniSnuli saqmidan ar Cans da rTulia kategoriuli

msjeloba, m. g. Tavad monawileobda winare danaSau-
lebSi da aqedan daagrova milionobiT qoneba, Tu mx-
olod ukanono Semosavlis gaTeTrebis operaciebs
axorcielebda, Tuki TviTon iyo winare danaSaulebis
amsrulebeli, maSin am epizodSi mas fulis gaTeTrebi-
sTvis aRar unda ego pasuxi. realurad ukanono Semosav-
lis gaTeTreba e. W-m Caidina, radgan man ganaxorciela
ukanono Semosavlis saCuqrad gardaqmna da sworedac
daekisra pasuxismgebloba ssk-is 194-e muxliT. aqedan
gamomdinare, dausabuTebelia aRniSnuli qmedebis jgu-
fur danaSaulad kvalifikacia
Cveni SexedulebiT, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes k. i-sa da

b. g-s mimarT, fulis gaTeTrebasTan saerTo araferi
aqvs. saxeldobr, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ga-
naCenis mixedviT, k. i-sa da b. g-s brali edebaT masSi,
rom maT Caidines ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis,
e.i. dausabuTebeli qonebisTvis kanonieri saxis mice-
mis mcdeloba, misi warmoSobis dafarvis mizniT, rasac
unda mohyoloda gansakuTrebiT didi odenobiT Semo-
savlis miReba, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:
,,2008 wlis 05 ianvars, dRisiT q. TbilisSi, mdebare av-

tomanqanebis bazrobis mimdebare teritoriaze b. g. wi-
naswari SeTanxmebisamebr Sexvda k. i-sa da gamoZiebiT
daudgenel vinme S. b-s. Aam ukanasknelis miTiTebiT k. i.
Cajda b. g-s marTvis qveS myof avtomanqanaSi, sadac mo-
Tavsebuli iyo 120 000 aSS dolari, romlis kanonieri
861
mopovebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi dasaxele-
bul pirebs ar gaaCndaT. aRniSnuli Tanxa k. i-m da b. g-m
waiRes da gadamales gldanis II m/r, #29-e korpusis ezo-
Si mdebare k. i-s kuTvnil avtofarexSi, raTa SemdgomSi
moexdinaT misi legalizacia. imave dRes, daaxloebiT
16:15 saaTze, rodesac k. i. axdenda aRniSnuli Tanxis
gadaadgilebas misi mZaxlis n. j-s marTvis qveS myofi
avtomanqana ,,opel-veqtra~ sax. #SYS-442-iT, mtkvris
marjvena sanapiroze, restoran ,,soxumsa~ da sportul
kompleqs ,,laguna _ veres~ mimdebare teritoriaze, da-
kavebul iqna saqarTvelos Ss saministros kriminaluri
policiis TanamSromlebis mier. Aavtomanqanis Cxrekisas
amoRebul iqna dausabuTebeli qoneba 120 000 aSS dol-
ari, romelic gamiznuli iyo legalizaciisTvis. amde-
nad, k. i-m da b. g-m Caidines danaSauli gaTvaliswinebu-
li saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 19,194-e
muxlis me-3 nawilis ,,g~ qvepunqtiT.~
rogorc sisxlis samarTlis saqmidan irkveva, msjavrde-

bulebisgan amoRebuli Tanxa b. p-Svilis rezidenciaSi
midioda, kerZod, k. i-s fuls Tavisi Svili ugzavnida
ruseTidan, Suamavlis meSveobiT, rezidenciaSi misa-
tanad.43 b. g-m cxinvalis regionSi ruseTidan Setanili
43
saqarTvelos sabaJo sazRvarze naRdi fulis moZraobaze
kontroli gamkacrda mogvianebiT 2009 wlis 30 dekembers
_ fizikuri piris sabaJo deklaraciisa da deklarirebas
daqvemdebarebuli saqonlis nusxis Sevsebis wesis Sesaxeb fi-
nansTa ministris instruqciiT. kerZod, 2010 wlis 2 ivnisidan
nebismieri odenobiT valutis saqarTveloSi Semotana da misi
gatana Tavisufldeba gadasaxdelebisgan, Tumca piris mier
naRdi fulis (erovnuli an/da ucxouri valuta), Cekebis an
sxva fasiani qaRaldebis, romelTa jamuri nominaluri Rire-
bulebac aRemateba 30 000 lars an mis ekvivalents sxva valu-
taSi, sazRvarze gadaadgileba eqvemdebareba savaldebulo
deklarirebas.
862
fuli TbilisSi Camoitana da gadasca vinme S. b-s, am
ukanasknelma ki _ k. i-s. ramdenad marTebulia znauris
raionidan TbilisSi fulis Camotana mis gaTeTrebad Se-
fasdes, rodesac man ar icoda arc am fulis warmomav-
loba, arc saqarTveloSi Semotanis xerxi da saSualeba.
am Tanxis transportirebisTvis mas 2 000 aSS dolars
gasamrjelos dahpirdnen da es iyo misi mamoZravebeli
motivi.
arc gamoZiebis dros da arc sasamarTlo procesze ar

garkveula k.i-s Svilma ra saqmianobiT iSova es fuli,
anda mas sityva legalizaciis mniSvneloba Tu esmis, xom
SesaZlebelia es Tanxa Semowirulobac yofiliyo da a.S.
sainteresoa b. g-s Cveneba sasamarTlo procesze:

`sofel qaleTSi (znauris raioni) Semxvda erovnebiT osi
pirovneba, batoni Sura, romelmac gadmomca fuli. me ki
wamoviRe da gadaveci k. i-s 2008 wlis 5 ianvars. aRniSnu-
li fuli Cven mivitaneT mis avtofarexSi, raTa mogvex-
dina misi legalizacia~. braldebulis saxiT dakiTxvi-
sas, igive b. g. acxadebs, rom cxinvalidan Camotanili
fuli gadaveci k. i-s, romelsac es fuli unda waeRo b.
p-Svilis rezidenciaSio. aSkara winaamRdegobaa mis Cve-
nebebs Soris.
k. i-m eWvmitanilis saxiT dakiTxvisas ganacxada, rom 4 ian-

vars 70 000 aSS dolari miitana b. p-Svilis rezidenciaSi.
5 ianvars ki, roca fuli mihqonda gzaSi daakaves. es fuli
imave adresatisTvis unda gadamecao, ganacxada man. ro-
gorc vxedavT, ganaCeni isea gamotanili, rom maT Cvene-
bebs Soris winaaRmdegoba gadalaxuli araa. garda
amisa, Tuki braldebulebma winaswar icodnen fulis da-
naSaulebrivi warmomavloba, maSin winaswari SecnobiT
863
danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis fulis floba (avtoga-
raJSi Senaxva), agreTve, misi adgilmdebareobis, namd-
vili mesakuTris damalva ukve dasrulebuli danaSauli
iyo, maTi qmedebis kvalifikacia ki, mcdelobiT moxda,
rac, aseve, aramarTebulia.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis mixedviT, aseve,

dausabuTebelia i. o-sTvis fulis gaTeTrebis bralad
Seracxva. sabraldebo daskvnis mixedviT i. o-m ukanono
Semosavlebis legalizebis mizniT gadawyvita SeeZina
TbilisSi aTonelis quCaze mdebare miwis nakveTi, masze
damagrebuli Senoba-nagebobiT. am ganzraxviT, igi dau-
kavSirda miwis faqtobriv mflobels k. a-s, romelsac,
Tavis mxriv, es qoneba gaformebuli hqonda naTesavze. i.
o-s ganzraxuli hqonda ra ukanono Semosavlis legal-
izacia, moelaparaka k. a-s, rom realurad gadauxdida
1 800 000 aSS dolars, da qonebrivi uflebis damadas-
turebel dokumentSi Seitandnen 250 000 aSS dolars. i.
o-ma miiRo ra k. a-sagan Tanxmoba 2007 wlis 2 maiss no-
tariusis meSveobiT gaaforma uZravi qonebis nasyido-
bis xelSekruleba, romlis safuZvelzec aRniSnuli
qoneba SeZenili iqna 180 000 aSS dolarad.
is faqti, rom uZravi qonebis nasyidobis xelSekrulebiT

nivTis sabazro Rirebulebaze naklebi Tanxa iqna gad-
axdili, pirvel rigSi, gadasaxadis gadaxdisgan Tavis
aridebaze mianiSnebs da ara ukanono Semosavlis le-
galizaciaze. saxeldobr, Tu xelSekrulebaSi uZravi
qonebis realuri sabazro Rirebuleba dafiqsirdeboda
mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebiT, erT-erT maTgans unda gad-
aexada sazRauri sanotaro momsaxurebisTvis daaxloe-
biT 2 825 laris odenobiT, Tu amas damatebiTi Rireb-
ulebis gadasaxadsac davamatebT (Tuki notariusi ixdis
dRg-s) daaxloebiT 3 334 laris odenobiT. am raodenobis
864
Tanxa ki 218-e muxlis Semadgenlobasac ki ar gvaZlevs.
Tu gamoZieba i. o-s fulis gaTeTrebas edaveboda, maSin
aqcenti unda gaekeTebina am Tanxis wyaroze, warmoma-
vlobaze da ara imaze, rom uZravi qonebis nasyidobis
xelSekruleba sabazro Rirebulebaze nakleb fasad
gaaforma. maSasadame, gamoZiebas jer am Tanxis warmo-
mavloba unda gaerkvia, Semdeg ki aRniSnuli aqtivis sa-
bazro Rirebulebaze iafad gadacemis sakiTxi. mtkice-
bis sagnad unda qceuliyo is faqti, rom uZravi qonebis
SeZenisas fasTa sxvaoba `WuWyiani~ fuliT xom ar iqna
Sevsebuli. Tu amis damtkicebas SeZlebda braldebis
mxare, maSin, cxadia, fulis gaTeTrebis sakiTxi sadavo
ar iqneboda. sazogadod, aqtivebis sabazro Rirebule-
baze gacilebiT patara (an didi) ganakveTebiT gadacema,
aseve, aqtivis iafad SeZena da fasTa sxvaobis WuWyiani
fuliT Sevseba fulis gaTeTrebis indikatoria. magram,
amas damtkiceba sWirdeba.
fulis gaTeTrebis sqemaSi legaluri samewarmeo

struqturis gamoyenebis magaliTia sisxlis samarTlis
saqme n. d-s mimarT, aseve sisxlis samarTlis saqme T. m-s
mimarT. (ix. saqme #1/4035-06 da saqme #1/5286).
ganaCenis mixedviT, n. d-Svilma Caidina uflebamo-

silebis borotad gamoyeneba, ese igi samewarmeo orga-
nizaciaSi xelmZRvanelobiTi uflebamosilebis gamoy-
eneba am organizaciis kanonieri interesis sawinaaRmde-
god, TavisTvis da sxvisTvis gamorCenis da upirateso-
bis miRebis mizniT, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia.
manve Caidina sabuRaltro wignis warmoebis wesis dar-

Rveva, ese igi ekonomikuri saqmianobis amsaxveli sa-
buRaltro wignis da aRricxvis sxva dokumentis warmoe-
bis wesis darRveva, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia.
865
manve Caidina yalbi oficialuri dokumentis araerT-
gzis damzadeba da gamoyeneba, ramac gamoiwvia mniS-
vnelovani ziani.
manve Caidina ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia, ese igi

danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebisTvis kanon-
ieri saxis micema, SeZena, floba, sargebloba da gadacema
misi ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis mizniT, agreTve misi
namdvili bunebis, warmoSobis wyaros, adgilmdebareo-
bis, ganTavsebis, moZraobis, masze sakuTrebis da masTan
dakavSirebuli sxva uflebebis damalva da SeniRbva Cad-
enili jgufurad, samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoy-
enebiT da rasac Tan axlda didi odenobiT Semosavlis
miReba.
aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi qmedebebi gamoixata Sem-

degSi: n. d-Svilma 2004 wlis 24 maiss daafuZna Sps
,,etaloni,~ komerciuli saqmianobis, alkoholiani da
ualkoholo sasmelebis warmoeba-realizebis, aseve,
yvela sxva saxis savaWro operaciebis warmoebis mizniT.
2004 wlis oqtombris TveSi n. d. daukavSirda siRnaRis
raionis sofel saqoboSi mcxovreb Rvinis inJiner-te-
qnologs z. b-s, romelic wlebis manZilze, warmomav-
lobis damadasturebeli yovelgvari dokumentaciis
gareSe flobda marTlsawinaaRmdegod miTvisebul 121
tona sakoniake spirts da SesTavaza aRniSnuli spir-
tis warmomavlobisaTvis kanonieri saxis micema, razec
z. b-ma ganucxada Tanxmoba. ganzraxvis sisruleSi moy-
vanis mizniT z. b-ma moaxdina danaSaulebrivi gziT SeZe-
nili spirtis transportireba q. kaspSi saaqcio sazoga-
doeba ,,naturalproduqtis~ kuTvnil rezervuarebSi,
rac ijariT qonda aRebuli Sps ,,etalons~. n. d-ma z.
b-Tan erTad kaxeTis regionis da Terjolis raionis
mosaxleobidan 2004-2005 wlebSi faqtiurad SeZenili
866
3000 tona Rvino-masalebis raodenoba, yalbi Sesyidvis
aqtebis damzadebis da gamoyenebis gziT xelovnurad
gazarda 3 800 tonamde, (ese igi, 800 toniT meti), risi
meSeobiTac realurad gamoxdil sakoniake spirtebTan
erTad viTomda awarmoa danaSaulebrivi gziT SeZenili
121 tona sakoniake spirti, aRniSnuliT n. d-ma samsaxu-
rebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, z. b-Tan erTad kano-
nieri saxe misca danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul didi
odenobiT qonebas, misi ukanono warmoSobis dafarvis
mizniT, riTac saxelmwifo biujets miayena 181 500 la-
ris mniSvnelovani ziani.
ufro metic, n. d-ma z. b-Tan erTad, rogorc Sps ,,etalo-

nis~ direqtorma, gamoiyena ra samewarmeo organiza-
ciaSi xelmZRvanelobiTi uflebamosileba borotad, am
organizaciis kanonieri interesebis sawinaaRmdegod
2004-2005 wlebSi Terjolis da kaxeTis rigi raionebis
mosaxleobidan sakoniake spirtis sawarmoeblad Rvino
masalebis SeZenis, transportirebis da gadamuSavebis
Taobaze ar awarmoa Sesabamisi iuridiuli, sabuRaltro
da salaros dokumentacia, ufro metic, gamorCenis
miRebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,investbankSi~ gax-
snil Sps ,,etalonis~ angariSidan Tanxebis sakonverta-
ciod gatanas axdenda firmis salaros gverdis avliT,
riTac daarRvia ekonomikuri saqmianobis amsaxveli
sabuRaltro wignis da aRricxvis sxva dokumentis war-
moebis wesebi da saxelmwifo biujets miayena 1 886 170
laris ziani.
saerTo jamSi n. d-s da z. b-s danaSaulebrivi qmedebiT

saxelmwifo biujets miadga 200 362 laris mniSvnelovani
ziani. ese igi n. d-Svilma Caidina danaSauli, rac gaTval-
iswinebulia ssk-is-is 220-e muxliT, 204-e muxliT, 362-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ da ,,b~ qvepunqtebiT da 194-e
867
muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~ punqtiT da 194-e muxlis meore
nawilis ,,g~ da ,,d~ punqtebiT (2005 wlis 28 dekembramde
redaqciiT).
aRniSnul saqmeSi ukanono Semosavlis legalizacia

Semdegi sqemiT ganxorcielda: dausabuTebel qonebas
legaluric Seeria, kerZod, usaqonlo operaciebi ganx-
orcielda, TiTqosda Rvinomasalebi mTlianad glexeb-
isgan iqna SeZenili da yalbi dokumentebi damzadda imis
dasamtkiceblad, rom Zveli qonebac axali Sesyidvebis
Semadgeneli nawili iyo, amiT ki, faqtiurad, legalize-
ba gaukeTda Zvel, dausabuTebel qonebas.
ganaCenis mixedviT, T. m. 1998 wlidan iyo ra saqarTve-

los msxvil gadamxdelTa sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi
registrirebuli saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,avtogazis~
generaluri direqtori da miniWebuli hqonda warmo-
madgenlobiTi uflebamosileba, 2003 wels ganizraxa
samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, vinme l. m-
sTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT, motyuebiT daufleboda
didi odenobiT saxelmwifo qonebas da aseve, pirTa
jgufTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT moexdina TaRliTurad
dauflebuli saxelmwifos kuTvnili didi odenobiT
fulisaTvis kanonieri saxis micema da fulis namdvili
mesakuTris damalva, ra drosac daamzadebda da gamoiy-
enebda yalb oficialur dokuments. danaSaulebrivi
ganzraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad, T. m. daukavSirda Sps
,,elem interneiSenalis~ direqtors l. m-s, romelTanac
hqonda winaswari SeTanxmeba, rom saxelmwifo sagadasax-
ado inspeqcia Seeyvana SecdomaSi da maTi motyuebiT
dRg-s gadasaxadSi Seeqmna yalbi aqtivi _ e.i. dRg-s ga-
dasaxadSi fuladi zedmetobis mobilizacia. am mizniT
maT ganaxorcieles Semdegi saxis cru ekonomikuri
usaqonlo operaciebi, kerZod: isini daukavSirdnen
868
senakis raionis sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi registrire-
bul ,,lazi eleqtroniksis~ direqtors d. v-s da es uka-
naskneli daiTanxmes TiTqos 2003 wlis 20 aprils 1 308
000 larad da imave wlis 29 aprils 1 680 000 larad, naRdi
angariSsworebiT Sps ,,elem interneiSenalma~, romelic
registrirebuli iyo q. Tbilisis didube-CuRureTis sa-
gadasaxado inspeqciaSi, Sps ,,lazi eleqtroniksi~-sgan
SeiZina erT SemTxvevaSi ar arsebuli 5 cali generatori,
xolo meore SemTxvevaSi ar arsebuli 5 cali eleqtro-
sadguri, romlis saerTo Rirebulebac iyo 29 880 000
lari. aRniSnulze gaiwera yalbi monacemebis Semcveli
mkacri aRricxvis #aa-32 #001872 da aa-32 #001874 sa-
gadasaxdo angariS-faqturebi, romelTa mixedviTac Sps
,,elem interneiSenels~ dRg-s gadasaxadSi aesaxa zed-
metoba 4 660 000 laris odenobiT, rac sinamdviles ar
Seesabameboda, vinaidan Sps ,,lazi eleqtroniks~ miTiTe-
buli Tanxa dRg-s gadasaxadSi gadaxdili ar hqonda,
xolo im dros moqmedi saqarTvelos sagadasaxdo kod-
eqsis 114-e muxlis Tanaxmad dRg-s CaTvlas eqvemdebare-
boda saqarTvelos biujetSi gadaxdili dRg-s Tanxa.
T. m-ma da vinme l. m-m maTi danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis
sisruleSi moyvanis da winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmis
mixedviT, gardabnis raionis sagadasaxdo inspeqciidan
motyuebiT moipoves yalbi monacemebis Semcveli cnoba,
TiTqos Sps ,,elem interneiSenels~ dRg-s gadasaxadSi
ericxeboda zedmetoba 466 000 lari. aRniSnuli yalbi
cnobis mopovebis Semdgom, T. m-ma da l. m-m moaxdines
Sps èlem interneiSenelis da saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,av-
togazis~ fiqtiuri Serwyma, ra drosac ar momxdara
arc wilebis ganawilebis gansazRvra da arc qonebrivi
balansebis gaerTianeba. imavdroulad, ar momxdara Sps
,,elem interneiSenalis~ mier TiTqosda SeZenili 5 cali
generatorisa da 5 cali eleqtrosadguris saaqcio
sazogadoeba ,,avtogazis~ balansze ayvana im elementa-
869
ruli mizezis gamo, rom isini ar arsebobda. imavdrou-
lad, maT aRniSnuli organizaciebis Serwyma ganaxor-
cieles dokumentis gayalbebisa da misi gamoyenebis
gziT, kerZod: T. m-ma 2003 wlis 12 agvistos daamzada
yalbi monacemebis Semcveli saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,av-
togazis~ aqcionerTa krebis oqmi, romliTac, TiTqosda
Sekrebilma krebam, aqcioner giorgi g-s Tavmjdomare-
obiT erTxmad miiRo gadawyvetileba Sps ,,elem intere-
iSenelis~ da saaqcio sazogadoeba,,avtogazis~ Serwymis
Sesaxeb. aRniSnul dokumentze T. m-ma 2003 wlis 13 agvis-
tos piradad moawera xeli g. g-s saxeliT, maSin, rode-
sac saqarTvelos Sss saxelmwifo sazRvris dacvis de-
partamentis cnobiT es ukanaskneli 2003 wlis 10 agvis-
todan imyofeboda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT. mis
mier gayalbebul dokuments T. m-ma misca TiTqosda
kanonieri saxe misi notarialurad damowmebis gziT,
riTac SecdomaSi Seiyvana vake-saburTalos raionuli
sasamarTlo da 2003 wlis 14 agvistos sasamrTlos Sesa-
bamisi dadgenilebiT TaRliTurad moaxerxa aRniSnuli
organizaciebis SerwymisaTvis kanonieri saxis micema,
ramac gamoiwvia mniSvnelovani ziani. garda amisa, gard-
abnis raionis sagadasaxdo inspeqciis yalbi monaceme-
bis Semcveli cnobis gamoyenebiT T. m-ma da l. m-m SeZles
sinamdvileSi ararsebuli aqtivi, dRg-s gadasaxadi 466
000 laris odenobiT, daesvaT saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,av-
togazis~ dRg-s gadasaxadSi aqtivis saxiT. 2003 wels
imave periodSi gamoZiebiT daudgenel ricxvs T. m-ma da
l. m-m, kvlav danaSaulebrivi gegmis mixedviT, saxelmwi-
fos kuTvnili Tanxis TaRliTurad miTvisebis da am
gziT miTvisebuli didi odenobiT fuladi Tanxis le-
galizaciis mizniT, saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,aWarasTan~
gaaformes xelSekruleba moTxovnis uflebis daTmobis
Sesaxeb (xelSekrulebaSi TariRi miTiTebuli ar aris)
da kvlav kanonis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod saaqcio
870
sazogadoeba ,,aWaras~ dauTmes saTamaSo biznesis ga-
dasaxadis dasafarad TiTqosda maTi organizaciis dRg-
s gadasaxadSi arsebuli Tanxa 400 000 lari, rac Sem-
dgomSi gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad 2%-iani
diskauntiT am ukanasknels saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,avto-
gazisaTvis~ unda aenazRaurebina yovelTviurad 80 000
laris naRdi angariSsworebiT. 2003 wlis 18 dekembramde
T. m-ma da l. m-m ss ,,avtogazis~ buRalteriis meSveobiT
miiRes naRdi angariSsworebiT fuladi Tanxa 392 000,0
laris odenobiT da, vinaidan buRaltruli warmoebis
wesiT xsenebuli Tanxis miTvisebas ver moaxerxebdnen,
samewarmeo saqmianobis ganzraxvis gareSe Seqmnes vinme
ana iakuSevas saxelze registrirebuli Sps ,,angisi~,
romelsac, TiTqosda dauTmes aqtivis moTxovnis ufle-
ba, anu saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,avtogazis~; buRalte-
riaSi arsebuli naRdi fuli 466 268 laris odenobiT da
5%-iani diskauntiT gasces 442 955 lari, kerZod: 2003
wlis 17 dekembris salaros gasavlis orderiT #505-
iT 231 955 lari, 2003 wlis 18 noembris #458 salaros
gasavlis orderiT 160 000 lari, 2003 wlis 7 noembris
salaros gasavlis orderiT #448 22 600 da 2003 wlis 14
noembris #284 salaros gasavlis orderi 28 400 lari,
riTac sinamdvileSi T. m-ma da l. m-m TaRliTuri gziT
ukanono Semosavals gaukeTes legalizeba da samsaxu-
rebrivi uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebiT daeu-
flnen didi odenobiT saxelmwifos kuTvnil Tanxas, 466
268 laris odenobiT, ramac Selaxa saaqcio sazogadoeba
,,avtogazis~ prestiJi da avtoriteti, xolo saxelmwi-
fos miayena didi odenobiT mniSvnelovani ziani.
amdenad, T. m_s mier Cadenilia danaSauli rac gaTval-
iswinebulia saqarTvelos 2006 wlis 31 maisamde moqmedi
ssk-is-is 180-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~, ,,d~ qvepunqte-
biT, me-3 nawilis ,,b~ qvepunqtiT, 193-e muxl3iT, 194-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,a~, ,,g~, ,,d~ qvepunqtebiT, 220-e
871
muxliT da 362-e muxlis me-2 nawilis ,,b~ qvepunqtiT.~
rogorc sasamarTlo praqtikis analizidan Cans, zogjer,
mas, visac danaSaulebrivi gziT aqvs Semosavali miRe-
buli, SemdgomSi misive legalizebisTvis ekisreba pas-
uxismgebloba, rac, Cveni SexedulebiT, zemoaRniSnuli
argumentebis safuZvelze, ar unda iyos marTebuli. es
sakiTxi Semdgom Seswavlas moiTxovs.
§ 10. sazRvargareTis zogierTi qveynis kanonmdebloba

fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg
10.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciasTan brZolaSi sain-

teresoa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sakanonmdeblo
da praqtikuli tradiciebi. mravali sakanonmdeblo da
maregulirebeli standarti aSS-Si SemoRebul iqna ve-
nis konvenciamde gacilebiT adre, vidre msoflios sxva
qveynebSi daiwyebdnen raime saxis RonisZiebebis gatare-
bas am problemis dasaZlevad. jer kidev 1970 wels aSS-is
kongresma miiRo sami kanoni, romelTac pirdapiri Sexe-
ba hqonda am problemasTan: kanoni organizebul dana-
Saulze kontrolis Sesaxeb, kanoni sabanko saidumlos
Sesaxeb, kanoni narkotikebis gavrcelebaze sayovelTao
kontrolis Sesaxeb. es iyo pirveli mcdeloba organize-
bul danaSaulTan brZolaSi naRdi fulis regulirebis
da qonebis konfiskaciis meqanizmebis asamoqmedeblad;
xolo 1986 wels aSS-is kongresma ukve miiRo kanoni fu-
lis garecxvaze kontrolis Sesaxeb (milka). mogvianebiT
kongresma miiRo patriotis aqti (2001 w.), aqtivebis samo-
qalaqo konfiskaciis reformis aqti (2000 w.) da sxva.
sabanko saidumlos Sesaxeb kanonis mizania xeli SeuSa-

los fulis recxvas da sazRvargareTul bankebSi said-
872
umlo angariSebis gamoyenebas, aiZulos saeWvo klien-
tebi kvali datovon dokumentebSi, rac aucilebelia
gamoZiebisaTvis. es kanoni moiTxovs 10 000 aSS dolarze
met safinanso garigebebze amerikulma safinanso in-
stitutebma gansazRvruli Canawerebi awarmoon klien-
tebis sabanko operaciebze, maT Soris garigebis mxaree-
bis, maTi saxelebis, fulis miRebis wyaroebis, Tanxebis
odenobis Sesaxeb. kanonis mixedviT savaldebuloa do-
kumentaciis Senaxva 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac, aseve,
Zalian mniSvnelovania gamoZiebisTvis. kanonis Sesabam-
isad finansTa ministri valdebulia moTxovos safi-
nanso organizaciebs yvela im dokumentis Senaxva, ro-
melic SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos saqmeebis gamoZiebisa
da sasamarTlo mosmenisas. kanoni vrceldeba bankebze,
kazinoebze, sabrokero firmebze, valutis gadamcvlel
punqtebze da fasiani qaRaldebis dilerebze anu subi-
eqtebze, romlebic monawileoben savaluto garige-
bebSi. es kanoni avaldebulebs maT acnobon finansTa
saministros didi moculobis naRdi fuliT da eqviva-
lenturi faseulobiT warmoebuli garigebebis Sesaxeb.
gasacxadebeli garigebebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli
zRvaria 3000 aSS dolari. bankebi valdebuli arian in-
formacia miawodon samarTaldamcav organoebs saeWvo
finansur operaciebze. kanoni iTvaliswinebs sanqciebs
dokumentaciis warmoebisa da angariSgebis wesebis dar-
RvevisaTvis.44
aSS-is Zalisxmeva fulis garecxvasTan brZolaSi ar

Semoifargleba sakuTari sazRvrebiT. organizebuli
danaSaulis monawileebi ukanonod mopovebul fuls
xSirad sazRvargareT malaven da agrZeleben dana-
Saulebriv saqmianobas. amitom ukanono Semosavlebis
44
g. tabucaZe, dasax. statia, gv. 83-84.
873
likvidaciisTvis erTi qveynis Zalisxmeva arasakmari-
sia transnacionaluri damnaSaveobis Semosavlebis
amosaRebad, saWiroa sazRvargareT aRmoCenili aq-
tivebis konfiskacia da es samarTaldacviTi praqtika
mudmivad unda gatardes. aSS-is iusticiis saministro
Tavis mTavar prioritetad Tvlis saerTaSoriso Tana-
mSromlobis ganviTarebas ukanono Semosavlebis kon-
fiskaciis sakiTxebze.
aSS-is iusticiis saministros aqtivebis konfiskaciisa

da fulis garecxvasTan brZolis departamenti Tvlis,
rom fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolaSi aqtivebis saer-
TaSoriso konfiskacia efeqturi saSualebaa samar-
TalSefardebiT saqmianobaSi. aqtivebis konfiskaciis
meSveobiT saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT finansuri baza
gamoacalon organizebul danaSauls da Searyion misi
Semdgomi ganviTareba. amgvarad, samarTalSefardebiTi
saqmianoba ar unda Semoifarglos mxolod damnaSavis
dakavebiT da dasjiT, man zemoqmedeba unda moaxdinos
danaSaulis ekonomikur bazaze da danaSaulis msxver-
plT daubrunos aqtivebi. ramdenadac danaSaulebrivi
saqmianoba sul ufro da ufro iRebs transnacionalur
xasiaTs, saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba sasicocxlod
aucilebelia samarTalSefardebiT saqmianobaSi. imis
gamo, rom damnaSaveebs sakmaod iolad SeuZliT gadaaad-
gilon aqtivebi erTi qveynidan meoreSi, amgvari TanamS-
romloba gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia konfiskaciasTan
dakavSirebuli saqmeebis gadasawyvetad. aSS-is iusti-
ciis saministro Tavis strategiul amocanad Tvlis
yvela SesaZlebloba gamoiyenos danaSaulebrivi saqmi-
anobiT miRebuli aqtivebis konfiskaciisTvis. sxva qvey-
nebis mTavrobebis mxridan Zlieri mxardaWeris piro-
bebSi aSS-is SeuZlia gamoiyenos sisxlissamarTlebrivi
da samoqalaqo konfiskaciis procedurebi danaSau-
874
lebrivi saqmianobiT miRebuli aqtivebis blokirebisa
da konfiskaciisTvis, im SemTxvevaSic ki roca damna-
Saveebi ukanonod miRebul aqtivebs aSS-is farglebs ga-
reT malaven. axali uflebamosilebebi, romelic gaCnda
aqtivebis samoqalaqo konfiskaciis reformis Ses-
axeb aqtisa da konfiskaciasTan dakavSirebuli gadaw-
yvetilebebis aRsasruleblad patriotuli aqtis miRe-
biT, aSS-is kvlav SeuZlia daxmareba gauwios sxva qveynis
mTavrobebs, romlebic moiTxoven aSS-is teritoriaze
myofi aqtivebis konfiskacias, aSS-is farglebs gareT
Cadenili danaSaulisTvis. am axali kanonebis miRebiT,
aSS-s Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs damnaSaveebisTvis im Sesa-
Zlo adgilebis mospobaSi, sadac ukanono aqtivebis da-
malvaa SesaZlebeli. amasTanave, amoRebuli aqtivebis
ganawileba monawile saxelmwifoebs Soris momavali
TanamSromlobis stimuls Seqmnis, gaafarTovebs uwye-
baTaSoris TanamSromlobas maTi finansuri resursebis
Sevsebis gziT, rac esoden aucilebelia damnaSaveo-
basTan brZolaSi monawile yvela mxarisTvis. aSS mxars
uWers CamorTmeuli qonebis ganawilebis politikas
sxva saxelmwifoebisTvis, romlebmac xeli Seuwyves an
mniSvnelovnad gaaadviles aqtivebis konfiskacia aSS-
is kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. magaliTad, 2001 wels
aSS-is iusticiis saministrom 170 mln aSS dolari gad-
auricxa 27 qveyanas konfiskaciis Casatareblad gaweu-
li daxmarebisTvis. aSS-is kanonTa krebulSi sami nor-
maa, romlebic generalur prokuroris da/an finansTa
saministros mdivans uflebamosilebas aniWebs Cam-
orTmeuli qoneba gadasces sxva qveynebs: es aris aSS-is
kanonTa krebulis me-18 §981 (i)(1) muxli; 21-e _ §881 (e)
(1)(E) muxli da 31-e _ §9703 (h)(1) muxli. TiToeuli de-
buleba gansazRvravs CamorTmeuli qonebis saerTaSor-
iso gadanawilebis pirobebs. amasTanave, gadacemuli aq-
tivebis odenoba efuZneba sxva qveynis da aSS-is Sidasax-
875
elmwifo samarTaldamcavi organoebis Setanil wvlils
ukanono Semosavlebis konfiskaciaSi.
fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolaSi aSS-is bolo peri-

odis miRwevebidan aRsaniSnavia aqtivebis samoqalaqo
konfiskaciis reformis aqti (2000 wlis 23 agvisto). am
kanonis safuZvelze uamravi cvlileba Sevida aSS-is
teritoriaze ukanono Semosavlebis amoRebis wesSi, man
aseve gaafarTova aSS-is saerTaSoriso SesaZleblobebi
konfiskaciasTan dakavSirebiT, maT Sorisaa sazRvarga-
reT Cadenili danaSaulebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosav-
lebis amoRebis pirdapiri uflebamosileba, agreTve,
sxva qveynis TxovniT amoRebuli Semosavlebis dakaveba
da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis
registraciisa da gamoyenebis sanqcionireba.
2001 wlis 26 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida antiteroris-

tuli aqti da sajaro kanoni 107-56 (aSS-is patriotuli
aqti). am axal kanonSi kongresma gaafarTova uflebam-
osilebebi maTi gamoyenebis sferoebSi, kerZod, garda
imisa, rom terorizmTan da terorizmis danaSaulis
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli fuladi saSualebe-
bis qveynis SigniT da gareT samoqalaqo wesiT amoRebis
uflebamosilebebi gafarTovda, patriotulma aqtma
ufro gaafarTova danaSaulebis CamonaTvali (katalo-
gi), romelic danaSauladaa aRiarebuli fulis gaTeT-
rebis Sesaxeb kanonis CarCoebSi, saxeldobr, igi moicavs
ZaladobiT danaSauls, qrTamis micemas an saxelmwifo
qonebis miTvisebas oficialuri piris mier, sabrZolo
masalis an samxedro teqnologiebis kontrabandas, ne-
bismier danaSauls, romelzec aSS valdebulia saxelm-
wifoTaSoriso xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gadasces
damnaSave an devnos igi sasamarTlo wesiT. samoqalaqo
konfiskaciis reformis aqtSi ganmtkicebuli uflebam-
876
osilebebis garda, romelic exeba aqtivebis pirdapir
amoRebas sazRvargareT Cadenili rigi danaSaulebi-
sTvis, kanoni adgens axal uflebamosilebebs mocemul
gafarToebul CamonaTvalSi Semavali danaSaulebis
gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis konfiskaciisaTvis (e.i.
sakuTrebisaTvis, romelic gamoiyeneba danaSaulis
Cadenis xelSesawyobad).
patriotuli aqtis 319-e karis (Tavis) gamocemiT (Tavi

319-e _ fuladi saSualebebis amoReba aSS-is bankTa-
Sorisi angariSebidan) kongresma sagangebo uflebam-
osilebebi mianiWa aSS-is prokurorebs sabanko angariSe-
bidan amonawerebis misaRebad da sazRvargareTis bankis
depozitebze arsebuli sakuTrebis konfiskaciis moTx-
ovnisTvis, Tu ucxoeTis banks sakorespondento anga-
riSi aqvs aSS-Si. maSasadame, 319-e kari SesaZleblobas
iZleva ufro mkacri kontroli damyardes im bankebis
saqmianobaze, romelTac sakorespondento angariSebi
aqvT aSS-Si da garigebebs axorcieleben aSS dolarebSi.
patriotuli aqtis axali debulebebi aZlierebs aSS
SesaZleblobas miiRos informaciebi anabrebis Sesaxeb
ucxour bankebSi, romlebsac sakorespondento urT-
ierTobebi aqvT aSS-is bankebTan, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
roca SesaZlebelia TanamSromloba sxva qveynebis mTav-
robebTan an safinanso institutebTan.
ukanono Semosavlebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis gasaadvileblad mniS-
vnelovania saxelmwifoTa Soris TanamSromloba, or-
mxrivi xelSekrulebebi, gadawyvetilebaTa ormxrivi
urTierTaRiareba (saaRsrulebo SeTanxmebebi) da sa-
samarTlo davalebebi. samarTlebrivi urTierTdax-
marebis Sesaxeb aSS-s 49 iurisdiqciasTan aqvs xelSek-
ruleba ratificirebuli, romlebic konfiskaciis
877
moTxovnis samarTlebriv safuZvels warmoadgenen. or-
mxrivi SeTanxmebebi, ukanono Semosavlebis konfiska-
ciis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, mowmobs konfis-
kaciis rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi statusis
mqone sanqciis gamoyenebaze.
aSS-is kanonmdeblobiT, kerZod kanonTa krebulis me-18
muxlis § 981-e (a)(1)(B) dadgenilia aSS-is teritoriaze
sakuTrebis samoqalaqo konfiskaciis ufleba, romelic
miRebulia kontrolirebadi nivTierebebis ukanono
brunvis Sedegad.
konfiskaciis saerTaSoriso procesis erT-erTi

pirveli etapia sazRvargareT aqtivebis adgilsamyofe-
lis zustad dadgena, romelTa mimarTac SesaZlebelia
konfiskaciis sanqciis gamoyeneba. rogorc wesi infor-
maciis gamoTxova xdeba xelSekrulebis, konvenciis,
saaRsrulebo SeTanxmebis an sasamarTlo davalebis
safuZvelze, sabanko angariSebis Sesaxeb amonawerebis
misaRebad, romelTac SeuZliaT gamoavlinon im qonebis
moZraoba an adgilsamyofeli, romelic konfiskacias
eqvemdebareba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aSS-is SesaZle-
blobebi amgvari informaciis misaRebad, gaizarda an-
titeroristuli aqtis miRebis Semdeg, roca ucxoeTis
banki dakavSirebulia bank-korespondentTan aSS-Si.
sazRvargareT ganTavsebuli konfiskacias daqvemde-
barebuli sakuTrebis aRmoCenis Semdeg, aSS-s SeuZlia
mosTxovos qveyanas, sadac aRmoCenilia aqtivebi, ord-
eris gamocema dayadaRebasa da gayinvaze. aSS-is kanon-
mdeblobiT federalur mosamarTleebs ufleba aqvT
gamoscen orderebi amoRebaze da amkrZalavi sasamarT-
lo brZanebebi, Tu aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifo, romlis
suverenul teritoriazec qoneba mdebareobs, moiTx-
ovs aSS-is sasamarTlosgan aseT orders dayadaRebis
(dakavebis) gasaadvileblad. aSS xSirad moiTxovs qone-
878
bis repatriacias konfiskaciisTvis. aSS-is kanonmde-
bloba aregulirebs konfiskaciisTvis qonebis aSS-Si
repatriaciis wess, roca aqtivebi sazRvargareTaa ga-
tanili an sxva qveynis mier aris dayadaRebuli.
ormxrivi an saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebis safuZvelze

aSS-is federalur mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT konfiska-
ciasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze gamoscen orderebi
amoRebis Sesaxeb, romelic gadaecema Sesabamisi qveynis
xelisuflebas aRsasruleblad. Tu aRmasrulebeli
saxelmwifos kanoniT qoneba konfiskacias ar eqvemde-
bareba, aseT qveyanas sxva zomebis miReba SeuZlia aSS-is
dasaxmareblad, magaliTad, qonebaze yadaRis dadeba,
aqtivebis repatriacia, aSS-is sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebis aRsruleba konfiskaciis Sesaxeb. rogorc
praqtikuli, aseve iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT eqsteri-
toriuli iurisdiqciis ufleba samoqalaqo wesiT qone-
bis konfiskaciis Sesaxeb SeiZleba warmatebiT ganxor-
cieldes, Tu aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifo gamoxatavs
mzadyofnas iTanamSromlos aSS-is mTavrobasTan.
danaSaulebrivi saqmianobiT miRebuli Semosavlebis

konfiskaciisTvis aSS Tavadac aRasrulebs sxva qvey-
nebis davalebebs. ucxoel damnaSaveebs ukanono Semo-
savlebi Tavisi qveynis kanonebisgan dasacavad sazR-
vargareT gadaaqvT, maT Soris aSS-Si. amgvari qmedeba
aSS-is Sida kanonmdeblobis darRvevac rom ar iyos
aSS-s SeuZlia mravalmxrivi daxmareba aRmouCinos sxva
qveynebs sazRvargareT Cadenil danaSaulebTan dakav-
SirebiT, romlebic ukanono saqmianobad iTvleba aSS-
is kanonmdeblobiT fulis garecxvis Sesaxeb.45 kanonTa
krebulis kari 981 (a)(1)(B) sazRvargareT Cadenili da-
naSaulebis gziT miRebuli aqtivebis amoRebis da kon-
45
ix. aSS kanonTa krebuli me-18 §1956 (c)(7)(B) muxli.
879
fiskaciis uflebamosilebas iZleva, imisda miuxedavad,
fulis garecxvis danaSauli aSS-Sia Cadenili Tu ara. ma-
Sasadame, fulis garecxvis aSS-Si Cadenis faqtis damt-
kiceba aucilebeli aRaraa. amasTanave, konfiskaciis
uflebamosileba vrceldeba ara mxolod aSS-is kanon-
mdeblobiT gansazRvrul danaSaulTa saxeebze (predi-
katuli danaSaulebi), aramed ucxoeTis iurisdiqciebis
mier dadgenil qmedebaTa katalogebzec. ufro metic,
samoqalaqo konfiskaciis pirdapiri uflebamosileba
unda gavrceldes iseT faqtebzec, roca Semosavlebi an
danaSaulis sxva obieqtebi sagareo vaWrobaSi monawil-
eobdnen, magaliTad, gatacebuli qonebis saerTaSor-
iso gadazidva, TaRliToba fosta-telegrafis gamoy-
enebiT, gatacebuli avtosatransporto saSualebebis
saerTaSoriso gadazidva, bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsplua-
tacia, iaraRiT saerTaSoriso vaWroba, teraqtebi saz-
RvargareT aSS-is winaaRmdeg, teraqtebi sazRvrebis
gadalaxviT da sxv. Tu danaSauli erT iurisdiqciaSia
Cadenili, xolo ukanonod miRebuli Semosavali imy-
ofeba sxva iurisdiqciaSi, yovelTvis ar aris mizanSe-
wonili an SesaZlebeli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna
xorcieldebodes TiToeul qveyanaSi. amitom qveynebis
SesaZlebloba, daaregistriron da aRasrulon sxva
qveynis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba konfiskaciis
Sesaxeb, konfiskaciis saerTaSoriso reJimis aucile-
beli komponenti gaxda. aSS-is federaluri kanonmde-
bloba konfiskaciis Sesaxeb sxva qveynebis sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas iTval-
iswinebs. konfiskaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis mimRebi
saxelmwifo unda iyos venis konvenciis mxare an ameri-
kasTan xelSekrulebis an saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebis
monawile, romelic iTvaliswinebs TanamSromlobas
konfiskaciasTan dakavSirebiT. moTxovnis wardgenis,
registraciisa da aRsrulebis wesi reglamentirebulia
federaluri kanonmdeblobiT (aSS kanonTa krebuli,
28-e §2467 muxli).
880
ucxourma iurisdiqciam aSS-gan SeiZleba moiTxovos
ara mxolod sasamarTlo Careva an iZulebiTi zomebis
gatareba, aramed aSS-is teritoriaze ganTavsebuli sa-
konfiskacio aqtivebis adgilsamyofelis dadgena, mt-
kicebulebaTa Sekreba, mowmeebis dakiTxva, potenciuri
mowmeebis an mosarCeleebis dadgena da sxv. miuxedavad
imisa rom amgvari TanamSromloba qveynebis mTavrobebis
mier sanqcirebulia, xSirad igi diplomatiuri arxebis
miRma xorcieldeba da ufro farTo TanamSromlobis
saxe aqvs.
10.2 safrangeTi
safrangeTma erT-erTma pirvelma gaiziara FATF-is

(GAFI) rekomendaciebi da Sesabamisi koreqtivebi Sei-
tana Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi. WuWyiani fulis ,,recx-
vis~ meTvalyureobisaTvis safrangeTma Camoayaliba
informaciis damuSavebisa da aralegaluri finans-
uri nakadebis brunvasTan brZolis organo TRACFIN
– ekonomikis, finansebisa da mrewvelobis saministro.
igi warmoadgens finansuri dazvervis nacionalur or-
ganos. safrangeTi FATF-is damfuZnebeli qveyanaa,
swored parizSia ganTavsebuli misi ofisi da erT-erTi
samuSao ena frangulia.
safrangeTSi fulis gaTeTrebisTvis sasjeli Tavda-

pirvelad dadgenil iqna narkotikebis vaWrobiT miRe-
bul SemosavlebTan dakavSirebuli operaciebisTvis.
man asaxva Hhpova sajaro janmrTelobis Sesaxeb kodeqsis
L. 627 muxlSi, romelic gadavida axali sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis 222-38 muxlSi. Semdeg, 1996 wlis 13 maisis
kanonis mixedviT, igi gavrcelda yvela kriminalisa Tu
deliqtis CadeniT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTeTrebis
operaciebze, safrangeTis mier aRebuli saerTaSoriso
valdebulebebidan gamomdinare. amjerad, kanonis Si-
881
naarsi ar adgens sisxlis samarTaldarRvevaTa defin-
iciebs, magram moicavs RonisZiebaTa mTel erToblio-
bas am sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisTvis.46
1996 wlis 13 maisis kanonis (#96-392) safuZvelze safr-
angeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss daemata axali Tavi
fulis garecxvis Sesaxeb (muxli 324-1 _ 324-9).
324-1 muxli danaSaulad acxadebs qmedebis or saxes,

romlebic moCvenebiTi msgavsebis miuxedavad erT-
maneTisgan mkveTrad gansxvavdebian.
324-1 muxlis pirveli abzacis mixedviT, fulis gaTeT-

reba aris raime danaSaulis an deliqtis amsruleblisT-
vis yvela saSualebiT xelSewyoba qonebis an Semosavlis
warmoSobis wyaros cru dasabuTebaSi (dafarvaSi), said-
anac is pirdapir Tu arapirdapir sargebels iRebs.
es qmedeba bralad Seeracxeba ara winare danaSaulis Tu

deliqtis amsrulebels, aramed imas, vinc mas (e.i. pre-
dikatuli danaSaulis Tu deliqtis amsrulebels) dae-
xmara sakuTrebis warmoSobis wyaros yalbad dasabuTe-
baSi (dafarvaSi). es aris daxmarebis forma, romelic
Seeracxeba rogorc damoukidebeli danaSauli.
fulis gaTeTrebisken mimarTuli operaciebi sxvadasx-

vagvari SeiZleba iyos. amasTanave, kanonmdebeli iZleva
samarTaldarRvevis zedmiwevniT mkacr (zust) gansaz-
Rvrebas. jer erTi, ukanono operacia SeiZleba gavr-
celdes nebismieri saxis danaSaulisa Tu deliqtis am-
sruleblis qonebisa da Semosavlebis dafarvaze (cru
dasabuTebaze). meorec, dafarvis operacia SeiZleba
exebodes danaSaulis an deliqtis amsruleblis qone-
basa da Semosavlebs miuxedavad, maTi warmomavlobisa
46
M. VERON, Droit pẽnal special, Dalloz 1999, p. 268-269; Jean Larguier,
Philippe Conte, Anne-marie Larguier, Droit pẽnal special, Dalloz, 2005, p. 237.
882
da dafarvis operacia SeiZleba aseve exebodes ara mx-
olod xsenebuli danaSauliT an deliqtiT miRebuli
pirdapiri an iribi sargeblis warmomavlobas. bolos,
sisxlis samarTlis kanons mxedvelobaSi aqvs dafarvis
gaadvileba nebismieri saSualebiT, Semosavlis dasab-
uTebaSi yvela saSualebiT xelSewyoba moicavs yalbi
faqturebis gamoyenebas, Sromis yalb xelSekrulebas
Tu Sromis anazRaurebis yalb biuletens, fiqtiur yid-
va-gayidvas Tu SeniRbul Cuqebas.
subieqturi TvalsazrisiT, fulis gamTeTrebelma icis,

rom pirovnebam, visac is exmareba Semosavlis warmoSo-
bis wyaros dasabuTebaSi, Caidina danaSauli an deliqti,
saidanac Semosavali miiRo; anu acnobierebs, rom damna-
Savem, romelic malavs Semosavlis namdvil wyaros Caid-
ina danaSauli, an deliqti, saidanac Semosavali miiRo.
amasTanave, pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad aucile-
beli araa damnaSavem icodes winare danaSaulis an deli-
qtis zusti garemoebebi, xasiaTi Tu kvalifikacia.
324-1 muxlis meore abzacis mixedviT, gaTeTrebas war-

moadgens aseve daxmareba raime danaSaulis Tu deliq-
tis Cadenis Sedegad pirdapir an arapirdapir miRebuli
Semosavlis ganTavsebis operaciaSi, dafarva- SeniRbva-
Si an konversiaSi. gaTeTrebis danaSaulis elementebi aq
ufro Rirebulia, vidre pirvel formaSi.
324-1 muxlis meore abzaci, dRes, organizebuli danaSau-

lis yvela formis winaaRmdeg brZolis SesaZleblobas
iZleva: maWankloba, iatakqveSa TamaSebi an sanaZleo, fin-
ansuri an sabaJo TaRliToba, korufcia, moparuli avto-
mobilebiT Tu xelovnebis namuSevrebiT vaWroba. fulis
gaTeTrebaSi daxmarebis Sedegi mdgomareobs danaSau-
lebrivi Semosavlis legalur finansur sistemaSi inte-
883
graciaSi an ukanono warmomavlobis kvalis waSlaSi.
rac Seexeba subieqtur Semadgenlobas damnaSavem icis,

rom Semosavali, romlis gaTeTrebis operaciaSic exmareba
pirs, miRebulia danaSaulis Tu deliqtis Cadenis Sedegad.
savaldebulo araa, rom is icnobdes winare danaSaulis am-
srulebels an danaSaulis zust kvalifikacias.
fulis gaTeTrebasTan brZolis sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi meqanizmebis garda, aRsaniSnavia, rom safrangeTis
yvela mTavar banks aqvs ukanono Semosavlebis legal-
izaciasTan brZolis specialuri qveganyofileba. am
bankebma daxures filialebi im qveynebSi, sadac SeuZle-
belia Savi fulis ,,recxvis~ sawinaaRmdego RonisZie-
bebis gatareba.
miuxedavad gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa, safrangeTis

mimarT arsebobs seriozuli pretenziebi kanonis re-
alizaciis TvalsazrisiT. saerTaSoriso eqspertebis
azriT, mcirea sasamarTlomde misuli saqmeebi. sabanko
seqtoris garda, fulis garecxvaSi CarTulia sxva pro-
fesiebi, magaliTad, sadazRvevo kompaniebi, sabirJo
maklerebi da sxv. magram xelisuflebas maT mimarT ar
gamouTqvams arc erTi SeniSvna. amitom, specialistTa
azriT, safrangeTi kvlav rCeba Savi fulis ,,recxvis~
mniSvnelovan centrad.47
10.3 germania
narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono brunvis aRkveTis

Sesaxeb venis konvenciis ratifikacia germaniam 1993
wlis 22 dekembers moaxdina, magram manamde 1992 wlis 15
ivliss miiRo kanoni narkotikebis aralegalur vaWro-
47
g. tabucaZe, dasaxelebuli statia.
884
basTan da organizebuli danaSaulis sxva formebTan
brZolis Sesaxeb. amasTan dakavSirebiT germaniis sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsSi gaCnda axali danaSaulis
Semadgenloba ,,fulis garecxva~ _ §261 _ ,,is, vinc
qonebrivi obieqtis mimarT, romlis warmoSobis wyaro-
sac warmoadgens: 1) sxva piris mier Cadenili danaSauli,
2) sxva piris mier Cadenili samarTaldarRveva, romelic
aRwerilia narkotikebis Sesaxeb kanonis §29, 1/1 abzac-
Si; 3) danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis wevris mier Cadenili
samarTaldarRveva (germaniis ssk §129), ganaxorcielebs
moqmedebebs am obieqtis dasamalad an misi warmoSobis
dasafaravad anda SeuZlebels gaxdis (an Seecdeba) am
obieqtis warmomavlobis dadgenas, mis aRmoCenas, kon-
fiskacias, dayadaRebas, amoRebas an Senaxvas amoRebis
Semdeg, isjeba 5 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT an fu-
ladi jarimiT.~48
amave muxliT aris gansazRvruli im pirTa pasuxismge-

bloba, vinc §261-is pirvel abzacSi miTiTebul qone-
briv obieqts miiTvisebs an gadascems mesame pirs anda
inaxavs an sargeblobs Tavisi an mesame piris intere-
sebisTvis, Tu maT icodnen am obieqtis warmomavlobis
Sesaxeb misi dauflebis momentSi; aqve saubaria fulis
garecxvis gansakuTrebiT mZime SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb,
kerZod, roca damnaSavisTvis amgvari moqmedeba xelo-
baa an igi im organizaciis wevria, romelic fulis xan-
grZlivi recxvisTvis Seiqmna da sxv.
48
klaus kotkes dasaxelebul naSromSi germaniis ssk-is 261-e
muxlis Sinaarsi ase JRers: sisxlis samarTlis wesiT isjeba
is, vinc sxva piris danaSaulebrivi qmedebiT miRebul qone-
bas faravs, miRebuls narkotikebiT vaWrobiT (narkotikuli
saSualebebis Sesaxeb #1 kanonis §129 1 abzaci), an danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciis wevris mier Cadenili danaSaulis Sede-
gad, agreTve, vinc niRbavs am sagnis warmoSobas an xels uSlis
misi warmoSobis wyaros gamovlenas, aRmoCenas an am sagnis
konfiskacias. igive exeba miTiTebuli sagnis miRebas, Senaxvas
an gamoyenebas.
885
§261-is mexuTe abzacis mixedviT, vinc windauxedavad ver
mixvdeba, rom nivTi sxva piris mier kanonSi amomwuravad
CamoTvlili danaSaulebrivi qmedebis saSualebiT iqna
mopovebuli, daisjeba 2 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkve-
TiT an fuladi jarimiT. sisxlissamarTlebriv liter-
aturaSi miuTiTeben, rom sxvanairad am qmedebis dasja
gaZneldeboda ganzraxvis dasabuTebis siZnelis gamo.
iuridiul literaturaSi miuTiTeben, rom fulis ga-

TeTreba marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli da-
naSaulia. §261-iT gaTvaliswinebuli normis dacvis
mizania marTlmsajulebis interesi, rac gabatonebuli
mosazrebiT winare danaSaulis Sedegad darRveuli in-
teresebis dacvasac gulisxmobs.49
germaniis ssk-is §261 oficialuri ganmartebisaTvis

sakanonmdeblo wesiT miRebulia dokumenti saxelwode-
biT ,,kanonis dasabuTeba~, romelSic kriminaluri Semo-
savlebis legalizacia (garecxva) daxasiaTebulia ro-
gorc ,,qonebrivi Rirebulebebis SeRweva organizebuli
damnaSaveobis sferodan legalur safinanso da sameur-
neo brunvaSi, am RirebulebaTa kriminaluri warmomav-
lobis SeniRbvis mizniT.~50
danaSaulis sagani kanoniT gansazRvrulia rogorc qo-

nebrivi obieqti. germaniaSi am cnebas Zalian farTod
ganmartaven da fiqroben (miiCneven), rom mas miekuTvne-
ba ara marto naRdi fuli da fuli angariSebze, aramed
agreTve ucxouri sagadasaxado saSualebebi, mTeli moZ-
49
Krey, BT, Band 2,§19, Rn. 605 a; Urs Kindhäuser,Strafgesetzbuch, 4. Auf-
lage Nomos, 2010, S. 962; Lackner/Kühl, Strafgesetzbuch, Kommentar, 27.
Auflage Beck, 2011, S. 1209.
50
Б.В. Волженкин ,,Экономические преступления~ Спб, 2002, с. 559-
562
886
ravi da uZravi qoneba, fasiani qaRaldebi, Zvirfasi li-
Tonebi da qvebi, miwis nakveTebi, wili firmebSi da a.S.
rogorc cnobilia, germaniis ssk sisxlis samarTlis we-
siT dasjad qmedebebs yofs or jgufad: danaSauli da
gadacdoma. salegalizacio (gasaTeTrebeli) qonebrivi
obieqti SeiZleba miRebul iqnes nebismieri danaSaulis
Cadenis Sedegad, rac Seexeba gadacdomas, mxedveloba-
Sia mxolod isini, romlebic miTiTebulia kanonSi nar-
kotikebis Sesaxeb an Cadenilia danaSaulebrivi dajgu-
febis wevrebis mier.
aRsaniSnavia rom germaniis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

fulis garecxvis amsrulebelia ara is vinc uSualod
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis gziT SeiZina Sesabami-
si qonebrivi obieqti, aramed sxva piri. piri romelmac
predikatuli sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadi qmedeba
Caidina, germaniis ssk-is §261 Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba fu-
lis garecxvis danaSaulis amsrulebeli an Tanamonawi-
le iyos.51 danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis dafarvas axor-
cielebs is, vinc niRbavs an malavs maT (farulad inaxavs
seifSi, sardafSi, sabanko sacavebSi, Cqmalavs, aTavsebs
faseulobebs bankSi an sxva dawesebulebaSi yalbi doku-
mentebiT) warmoSobas motyuebiTi moqmedebebiT, siyal-
biT, dokumentebiT manipulaciiT, crumagieri pirebisa
da fiqtiuri firmebis CarTviT, sxvis angariSze sxvisi
saxeliT fulis SetaniT, ,,WuWyiani~ da sufTa fulis
erTmaneTSi SereviT da a.S.
germaniis ssk-is 261-e paragrafis me-9 abzaci gvamcnobs,

rom am paragrafis 1-5 abzacis mixedviT, ar daisjeba is,
vinc daisjeba winare qmedebaSi (anu predikatul dana-
SaulSi) TanamonawileobisTvis. Tu ver dadginda, rom
51
Кернер х. ДАХ Э. Отмывание денег. М., 1996, с. 39.
887
piri winare qmedebis Tanamonawile iyo, maSin igi fulis
gaTeTrebisTvis agebs pasuxs. 261-e paragrafis Zveli
redaqcia aseT daTqmas ar akeTebda da axalma gaiTva-
liswina.
qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciisTvis aucilebe-

lia, rom gasaTeTrebeli Semosavlebis danaSaulebrivi
warmomavloba calsaxad iqnes damtkicebuli. x. ker-
neri wers: ,,imisTvis rom damtkicdes sawyisi, sisxlis-
samarTlebrivad dasjadi qmedebis arseboba (anu fu-
lis gaTeTrebis predikatuli danaSaulis arseboba),
arasakmarisia dayadaRebuli fulis an gamovlenili
sabanko aqtivebis danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis var-
audi. mniSvnelovania, saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebe-
bidan gamomdinareobdes, rom fuli konkretuli dana-
Saulidan aris warmoSobili. Tu mxolod eWvi arsebobs
qonebis danaSaulebrivi warmoSobis Sesaxeb es mtkice-
buleba ar aris.52
germaniis ssk-is §261 interpretatorebi Tvlian, rom

qonebrivi Rirebulebis gaTeTreba winare stadiebis
meSveobiT ar asufTavebs mas kriminaluri damRisgan.
amitom, Semdgomi finansuri operaciebi am qonebiT aseve
iTvleba mis garecxvad.
1993 wlis 25 oqtombers germaniis bundestagma miiRo
kanoni mZime kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis danaSaule-
bidan miRebuli mogebis (Semosavlebis) gamovlenis Se-
saxeb (kanoni fulis garecxvis Sesaxeb), riTac evropis
kavSiris 1991 wlis 10 ivnisis 91/308 direqtivis moTxov-
nebis realizacia moaxdina, romlis mizani iyo finansur
da sabanko seqtorSi fulis garecxvasTan efeqturi sa-
SualebebiT brZola. am kanonis mizania, wers klaus kot-
52
ix. Х. Кернер, ДАХ Э. с.44
44.
ix. klaus kotke, dasax. Sroma, gv. 16- 17.
888
ke, gaaadvilos mZime danaSaulis Cadenis gziT miRebuli
Semosavlebis gamovlena, Seqmnas barierebi fulis gaTe-
Trebis winaaRmdeg, xeli Seuwyos organizebuli dana-
Saulebrivi struqturebis gamovlenas. kerZod, kanoni
iTvaliswinebs sakredito da safinanso dawesebulebe-
bis valdebulebas 20 000 markis da ufro meti naRdi fu-
lis miRebisa an gacemis anu zRvrulze meti Tanxis tran-
zaqciis dros klientis pirovnebis identificirebis
valdebulebas; sakredito dawesebulebebis mier kli-
entebis identifikaciis zogad valdebulebas, saeWvo
finansuri operaciebis identifikaciis valdebulebas
da es CamonaTvali sakmaod farToa, klientis identi-
fikaciis dros miRebuli monacemebis dafiqsirebis,
Sesabamisi Canawerebis warmoebis da maTi Senaxvis val-
debulebas 6 wlis vadiT; saeWvo finansuri garigebebis
Sesaxeb samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis Setyobine-
bis valdebulebas da sxv. aRniSnuli da fulis garecx-
vis kanoniT dadgenili zogierTi sxva valdebulebebis
Seusrulebloba administraciuli samarTaldarRvevaa,
rasac didi fuladi jarimebi mosdevs.
fulis garecxvis Sesaxeb germaniis 1993 wlis 25 oqtom-

bris kanoni funqcionalurad mWidrodaa dakavSirebu-
li narkotikebis ukanono gavrcelebasa da organizebu-
li danaSaulis sxva saxeebTan brZolis Sesaxeb 1992 wlis
15 ivlisis kanonTan, kerZod es kanoni gansazRvravs fu-
lis `garecxvis~ danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, qonebriv
sasjels, Semosavlebis ukanonod aRiarebis SemTxveva-
Ta CamonaTvals.53
53
klaus kotke, dasax. Sroma, gv. 16-17.
889
10.4 italia
italiaSi 1990 wlis 19 martis #55, e.w. `gama-vasalis~

kanonma sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daad-
gina `garecxvis~ operaciisa da 20 milion liraze meti
odenobis Tanxis gadayvanisaTvis Semosavlis dekla-
rirebis gareSe. aseve, msoflio praqtikaSi pirvelad
gansazRvra mafiis tipis danaSaulebrivi organizaciis
cneba. amave kanonis safuZvelze italiis ssk-is 6481-e
muxliT kriminalizebuli iqna fulis gaTeTreba. pirve-
lad italiaSi 1992 wlis safinanso kanonma SemoiRo saga-
dasaxado (fiskaluri) samoTxis cneba, romelic emyare-
ba ministris 1992 wlis 24 aprilis dekrets, sadac ori
aspeqtia gamoyofili: Semosavlis cnebis gansazRvreba
da qveynebis CamonaTvali, romlebic privilegirebuli
sagadasaxado sistemis mqone qveynebis an teritoriebis
gansazRvrebas moergebian.
fulis garecxvasTan brZolis Sesaxeb evrosabWos 1990

wlis konvencia italiaSi ratificirebuli iqna 1993
wlis 9 agvistos N #328 kanonis safuZvelze. italiis si-
sxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 6481-e muxli, romelic pa-
suxismgeblobas adgens fulis gaTeTrebisTvis arse-
biTad gadaisinja swored am kanonis safuZvelze. kon-
venciasTan SeerTebis Semdeg aucilebeli gaxda masTan
SesabamisobaSi mosuliyo italiis Sida samarTali.
italiis ssk-is 6481-e muxlis mixedviT danaSaulSi Tana-

monawileobis garda, is vinc Secvlis an gadascems fuls,
qonebas an sxva saSualebas, romelic mopovebulia dana-
Saulebrivi saqmianobiT an aradanaSaulebrivi deli-
qtebiT, romlebic Cadenilia maTTan an sxva qmedebebTan
kavSirSi, ise rom xeli SeuSalos maTi danaSaulebrivi
warmomavlobis dadgenas – isjeba Tavisuflebis aRk-
890
veTiT oTxidan Tormet wlamde an jarimiT. sasjeli
mkacrdeba Tu es qmedebebi Cadenilia Tanamdebobis pi-
rebis mier samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis dros. sasjeli
msubuqdeba Tu Semosavali miRebulia iseTi danaSauli-
dan, romelic isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT maqsimum
xuTi wliT an ufro msubuqad.
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi italiis ssk-is 6481-e muxlis

formulireba ramdenjerme Seicvala. mTlianobaSi igi
iTvaliswinebs fulis gaTeTrebis movlenis sirTules
da daxlarTulobas da winare danaSaulad moiazrebs ara
mxolod nebismier ganzrax danaSauls, aramed vrceldeba
aseve Semosavlebis transferze, rasac Cveulebriv axor-
cieleben ara mxolod mafiozuri tipis danaSaulebrivi
organizaciebi. amasTanave, fulis gaTeTrebisTvis piris
msjavrdebisTvis igi ar moiTxovs Semosavlebis warmo-
mavlobis Sesaxeb informirebulobis damtkicebas, isje-
ba moqmedebebi, romlebic xels uSlian Semosavlebis da-
naSaulebrivi warmomavlobis dadgenas.
1990 wlidan, kanonmdeblobis Secvlis Sedegad italiis

saxelmwifo valdebulia monitoringi ganaxorcielos
danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli fulis legalizaciis
mcdelobis aRmosaCenad da aRsakveTad. monitoringi-
GiTvaliswinebs, rom nebismieri Tanxis gadatanas sazR-
vargareT imavdroulad Tan unda axldes Semosavlis
deklarireba. 1991 wlis 3 maisis N143 kanonis mixedviT,
20 000 000 liraze meti Tanxis gadatana nebadarTulia
mxolod uflebamosili saSuamavlo saagentoebis meS-
veobiT, romlebic klientebis registracias da iden-
tifikacias axorcieleben. is pirebi, vinc uars ityvi-
an operaciebis an marwmuneblis Sesaxeb informaciis
miwodebaze, an yalb informacias miawodeben, isjebian
sisxlis samarTlis wesiT. kanoniT dadgenilia sabanko
891
sistemis mier kompetenturi organoebis savaldebulo
informirebis meqanizmi yoveli 20 milion liraze meti
Tanxis gadayvanisas. msgavsi operaciebis Sesaxeb finan-
sTa ministris informirebis meqanizmic arsebobs (kano-
ni #689 24.11.84). rogorc sisxlis, ise administraciuli
pasuxismgeblobis zomebia gaTvaliswinebuli rwmune-
buli SuamavlebisTvis. bankebi da sxva saSuamavlo or-
ganizaciebi valdebuli arian Seinaxon dawvrilebiTi
dokumentacia rezidentebis mier ganxorcielbuli sa-
valuto operaciebis Sesaxeb, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos
msjeloba fulis garecxvis mcdelobis Sesaxeb. infor-
macia pirovnebis Sesaxeb, misi socialuri mdgomareoba,
savaluto angariSis misamarTi, vis saxelze xdeba fula-
di saSualebebis gadayvana, operaciis ganxorcielebis
TariRi, fulis raodenoba savaluto angariSze gaday-
vanamde da operaciis Semdeg, aseve gadaecema finansuri
kontrolis organoebs. es informacia bankebSi inaxeba
5-dan 10 wlamde vadiT.54
54
Теневая экономика и экономическая преступность, Электронный
учебник,www.osi.omskreg.ru
Освалдо Кукуцца, Отмивание денег и мировая Экономика, в сборни-
ке ГЕОЭКОНОМИКА (Перевод с италианского) М, 1997.
892
meeqvse kari
qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc

efeqturi meqanizmi organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
http://www.bghelsinki.org/bg/temi/spravedliv-proces/
daviT sulaqveliZe
samarTlis doqtori
§ 1. qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi qonebis CamorTmevisa

da misi winamorbedi institutebis warmoSobisa da
ganviTarebis mokle istoria
qonebis CamorTmevis instituti 2000 wlis 1 ivnisamde

moqmedi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmde-
blobisTvis, moyolebuli jer kidev sabWoTa epoqis
droidan, cnobili iyo qonebis konfiskaciis saxiT, ker-
Zod, igi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 1958 wlis 25 dekembris
ssr kavSirisa da mokavSire respublikebis sisxlis sa-
marTlis kanonmdeblobis safuZvlebis 30-e muxliTa1 da
saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis2 34-e muxliT, romlis pirveli
nawili adgenda:
`qonebis konfiskacia
qonebis konfiskacia mdgomareobs saxelmwifos sa-

kuTrebad msjavrdebulis piradi sakuTrebis mTeli
qonebis an misi nawilis iZulebiT usasyidlod CamorT-
mevaSi. qonebis nawilis konfiskaciis dros sasamarTlom
unda aRniSnos, Tu qonebis romeli nawilis konfiskacia
xdeba an CamoTvalos sakonfiskacio sagnebi~.3
amave muxlis me-3 nawili adgenda, rom qonebis konfiska-
1
Основы уголовного законодательства Союза ССР и союзных респуб-
лик. Государственное издательство юридической литературы, М., 1960,
стр. 14.
2
1960 wlis 30 dekembris redaqcia Semdgomi cvlilebebiTa da
damatebebiT.
3
`saqarTvelos ssr-is umaRlesi sabWos uwyebebi~, 1961 w.,
#1, muxli me-10.
895
cia SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod saxelmwifo da mZime an-
garebiTi danaSaulebisTvis, kanoniT miTiTebul SemTx-
vevebSi. magaliTad, aseTi danaSaulebi iyo: samSoblos
Ralati, teroristuli aqti, diversia, jaSuSoba, ban-
ditizmi, kontrabanda, yaCaRoba, TaRliToba, savaluto
operaciebis wesebis darRveva da sxva.
qonebis konfiskacia, aRniSnuli kodeqsis 23-e muxlis

Tanaxmad, warmoadgenda mxolod damatebiT sasjels
da, rogorc aRiniSna, igi gamoiyeneboda sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis kerZo nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-
vevebSi, amasTan zogierT aseT SemTxvevaSi misi gamoyen-
eba damnaSavis mimarT aucilebeli iyo, xolo calkeul
SemTxvevaSi ki, igi fakultatur xasiaTs atarebda anu
SeiZleboda rom arc yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. magali-
Tad, samSoblos Ralatis braldebiT msjavrdebisas
igi aucileblad gamoiyeneboda, aseve banditizmisTvis
msjavrdebisas, xolo savaluto operaciebis wesebis
darRvevisTvis an yaCaRobisTvis msjavrdebisas, qone-
bis konfiskaciis gamoyenebis mizanSewonilobasa da
saWiroebas wyvetda sasamarTlo Tavisi SexedulebiT.
garda qonebis konfiskaciisa zemoaRniSnuli kodeqsis

kerZo nawilis calkeul muxlSi sanqciis saxiT gaTval-
iswinebuli iyo aseve ama Tu im specifikuri xasiaTis dan-
aSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli saSualebebisa da aseTi
danaSaulis sagnis konfiskacia, magram gaurkveveli iyo
misi statusi, radgan kodeqsis zogad nawilSi mis Ses-
axeb araferi iyo miTiTebuli, yovel SemTxvevaSi kod-
eqsis 23-e muxlSi mocemul sasjelTa CamonaTvalSi igi
ar iyo Setanili. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba davasaxeloT
zogierTi aseTi RonisZieba: wiaRiseulis ukanonod
mopovebisTvis gamoyenebuli mowyobilobebisa da saSu-
alebebis konfiskacia; ukanono TevzWeriT mopovebuli
896
Tevzisa da saamisod gamoyenebuli TevzWeris saSuale-
bebis konfiskacia; savaluto faseulobebisa da fasiani
qaRaldebis konfiskacia (savaluto operaciebis wese-
bis darRvevisTvis) da a.S.
amrigad, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom danaSaulis Cadenis

saSualebebisa da danaSaulis sagnebis amgvari konfiska-
cia warmoadgenda damatebiT sisxlissamarTlebriv
RonisZiebas, magram igi ar miekuTvneboda sasjelTa
RonisZiebebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sabWoTa saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-

Tlis kodeqsSi 1985 wlis 1 ivliss Setanil iqna dam-
ateba 23-e muxlis me-4 nawilisa da 341-e muxlis saxiT,
romlebiTac dawesda iseTi axali damatebiTi sasjeli,
rogoric iyo pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli satrans-
porto saSualebis CamorTmeva, romelic mdgomareobda
kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi miTiTebuli, nasvam mdgomareo-
basTan dakavSirebiT satransporto danaSaulis (ssk-is
241-e da 2411-e muxlebi) CadenaSi braleuli piris pi-
rad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli satransporto saSualebis
iZulebiT CamorTmevasa da dadgenili wesiT mis Semd-
gom realizaciaSi, yofili mesakuTrisTvis miRebuli
Tanxis gadacemiT, romelsac gamoakldeboda realiza-
ciis xarjebi, amasTan, kanonis Tanaxmad, es RonisZieba
miTiTebul SemTxvevaSi aucileblad unda yofiliyo
gamoyenebuli.
ganxilulma qonebrivma sanqciebma (qonebis konfiskacia

da satransporto saSualebis sasyidliani CamorTmeva),
zogierTi araarsebiTi redaqciuli cvlilebebiT, sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsSi Tavisi arseboba SeinarCuna
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis periodSic, kerZod,
1997 wlis oqtombramde, rodesac qonebis konfiska-
897
cia da satransporto saSualebis CamorTmeva, rogorc
sasjelebi, amoRebul iqna im dros moqmedi saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan (1960 wlis 30 dekembris
redaqcia Semdgomi cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT).
unda aRiniSnos, rom ganxiluli sasjelebis _ qonebis

konfiskaciisa da satransporto saSualebis CamorT-
mevis kodeqsidan amoRebas win uZRoda garkveuli mov-
lena, romelmac erTgvarad ganapiroba kanonmdeblis
mier xsenebul sasjelebze uaris Tqma. mxedvelobaSia
Semdegi: 1997 wels Tbilisis CuRureTis raionis sasa-
marTlom, mis warmoebaSi arsebul erT-erT sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, romelSic gansasjels
brali edeboda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis (1960 wlis 30 dekembris redaqcia Semdgomi cvlile-
bebiTa da damatebebiT) 96-e muxlis (yaCaRoba) safuZ-
velze, romlis sanqciiT damatebiT sasjelad gaTval-
iswinebuli iyo qonebis konfiskacia, konstituciuri
wardginebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlos imJamad moqmedi saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis (miTiTebuli redaqcia) 23-e muxlisa da
96-e muxlis konstituciurobis Taobaze saqarTvelos
konstituciis 21-e muxlTan mimarTebiT, romelic icavs
sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobas saxelmwifos mxridan Sesa-
Zlo ukanono qmedebisgan (sakuTrebis uflebis gauqmeba
an am uflebis sxvagvari ukanono SezRudva). xsenebulma
sasamarTlom Tavis wardginebas safuZvlad daudo Sem-
degi dasabuTeba:
konstituciis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia sa-

kuTrebis sayovelTao uflebis gauqmeba. sakuTrebis
SezRudva dasaSvebia aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, isic mxolod saTanado anazRa-
urebiT. qonebis konfiskacia ki gulisxmobs msjavrdeb-
ulisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis sakuTrebis uflebis gau-
898
qmebas an iseT SezRudvas, romelic ar aris gamowveuli
sazogadoebrivi saWiroebiT, amasTan ar xdeba misi anaz-
Raureba. wardginebis avtori iTxovda saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e da 96-e muxlebSi dam-
atebiTi sasjelis saxiT qonebis konfiskaciis arsebo-
bis konstituciurobis dadgenas.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, romelmac
aRniSnuli konstituciuri wardgineba ganixila sisx-
lis samarTlisa da civilisti specialistebis monawil-
eobiT, 1997 wlis 21 ivliss miiRo gadawyvetileba #1-51,
romliTac daadgina Semdegi:
1. cnobil iqnes arakonstituciurad saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e muxlis me-5
nawilis pirveli punqti da 96-e muxlis me-2 nawilis
sanqciis is nawili, romelSic damatebiTi sasjelis
saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia qonebis konfiskacia;
2. arakonstituciurad cnobili saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e muxlis me-5 nawilis pirve-
li punqti da 96-e muxlis me-2 nawilis sanqciis is
nawili, romelSic damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT gaT-
valiswinebulia qonebis konfiskacia, iuridiulad
Zaladakargulia saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sa-
samarTlos am gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis dRi-
dan.
garda amisa, sakonstitucio sasamarTlom iqve daadgi-

na, rom eTxovos saqarTvelos parlaments moqmed kanon-
mdeblobaSi Seitanos Sesabamisi cvlilebebi am gadaw-
yvetilebis dadgenilobiTi nawilis pirveli punqtis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, mocemul

saqmeze sakonstitucio samarTalwarmoebaSi monawile
eqspertebis mier wardgenili daskvnebidan gamomdin-
899
are, Tavis gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad daudo Semdegi
dasabuTeba:
saqarTvelos konstituciisa da saerTaSoriso samarT-

lis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebidan da norme-
bidan gamomdinare, sakuTrebis ufleba waruvali da uze-
naesi adamianuri Rirebulebaa, sayovelTaod aRiarebu-
li ZiriTadi ufleba, demokratiuli sazogadoebis, so-
cialuri da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos qvakuTxedia.
sakuTreba adamianis yofierebis arsebiTi safuZvelia.
saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxlis pirveli punq-
tis Tanaxmad, `sakuTreba da memkvidreobis ufleba aRi-
arebuli da uzrunvelyofilia. dauSvebelia sakuTre-
bis, misi SeZenis, gasxvisebis an memkvidreobiT miRebis
sayovelTao uflebis gauqmeba~. qonebis konfiskaciis
dakanoneba ki sakuTrebis uflebis daucvelobis gamov-
lenaa, amitom qonebis konfiskaciis arseboba damatebi-
Ti sasjelis saxiT ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 21-e muxlis pirvel punqts.
amave dros, sakonstitucio sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom

saqarTvelos konstitucia sakuTrebas garkveul so-
cialur funqciebs aniWebs. sakuTrebis uflebis ganx-
orcielebam ar unda daarRvios sxvaTa uflebebi da
Tavisufleba, xolo sakuTrebiT sargebloba imavdrou-
lad unda emsaxurebodes saerTo keTildReobas. Tu es
moTxovnebi ar sruldeba an arsebobs kanonmdeblobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saTanado garemoebani, maSin
saqarTvelos konstitucia ar gamoricxavs sakuTrebis
uflebis SezRudvas _ Tanaxmad saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 21-e muxlis me-2 punqtisa da sakuTrebis CamorT-
mevas _ Sesabamisad imave muxlis me-3 punqtisa, romelic
adgens: àucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis
sakuTrebis CamorTmeva dasaSvebia kanoniT pirdapir
dadgenil SemTxvevebSi, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT
900
an organuli kanoniT dadgenili gadaudebeli aucile-
blobisas da mxolod saTanado anazRaurebiT.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom saqarT-

velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 34-e muxlis Sesa-
bamisad, `qonebis konfiskacia mdgomareobs saxelmwifo
sakuTrebad msjavrdebulis piradi sakuTrebis mTeli
qonebis an misi nawilis iZulebiT usasyidlod CamorT-
mevaSi~. maSasadame, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli konfiskacia
ar Seesabameba saqarTvelos konstitucis 21-e muxlis
me-3 punqtiT dadgenil sakuTrebis CamorTmevas, rom-
lisTvisac erT-erT aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens
saTanado anazRaureba. amasTan erTad, sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos azriT, isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
qonebis konfiskacia Tavisi SedegebiT ar Seesabameba
sasjelis individualobis ZiriTad princips, radganac
igi Cveulebriv mimarTulia ara mxolod damnaSavis,
aramed misi ojaxis udanaSaulo wevrebis winaaRmdegac.
saqarTvelos parlamentma gaiTvaliswina saqarTvelos
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rekomendacia da 1997
wlis 17 oqtombris kanoniT saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsidan (miTiTebuli redaqcia) amoiRo sasje-
lis iseTi saxeebi, rogoric iyo qonebis konfiskacia
da satransporto saSualebis sasyidliani CamorTmeva,4
Tumca aRniSnuli kodeqsis kerZo nawilis calkeul
muxlebSi kvlavac darCa zogierTi saxis danaSaulisT-
vis dawesebuli specialuri konfiskacia am danaSaulTa
sagnebisa da maTi Cadenis saSualebebisa. sakonstitu-
cio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi sagangebod
miuTiTa, rom igi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, Semoifargleba
mxolod konstituciur wardginebaSi dasmuli sakiTxis
ganxilviT da ar exeba egreTwodebul specialur kon-
4
ix. `parlamentis uwyebani~, 1997 w., #44.
901
fiskacias, romelmac Tavisi arseboba pirvandeli for-
miT SeinarCuna 2000 wlis 1 ivnisamde _ saqarTvelos
axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis5 amoqmedebamde.
saqarTvelos axalma sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsmac (mi-

TiTebuli redaqcia) gaiTvaliswina iZulebis RonisZie-
bis saxiT danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis usasyid-
lod CamorTmeva, oRond misi winamorbedi kodeqsisgan
ramdenadme gansxvavebuli formiT. im etapze axali
kodeqsiT igi ar iqna miCneuli ZiriTad an damatebiT
sasjelad, kerZod, aRniSnuli kodeqsis 41-e muxls dae-
mata me-3 nawili (2000 wlis 5 maisis redaqcia) romliTac
dadgenil iqna Semdegi: `danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT
am kodeqsis 214-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi
sasjelTan erTad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZieba danaSaulis sagnis
an saSualebis CamorTmevis saxiT~,6 Tumca aseTi norma
aRniSnuli muxlis Tavdapirvel redaqciaSi, igulisxme-
ba 1999 wlis 22 ivlisis redaqcia, ar arsebobda. sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 214-e muxliT ki dawesebulia pa-
suxismgebloba safinanso saqmianobis sferoSi Cadenili
iseTi danaSaulebrivi qmedebisTvis, rogoricaa sabaJo
wesebis darRveva, romelSic igulisxmeba saqarTvelos
sabaJo sazRvarze didi odenobiT moZravi nivTis gada-
tana an gadmotana, Cadenili sabaJo kontrolis gverdis
avliT an misgan malulad, dokumentis an sabaJo identi-
fikaciis saSualebis motyuebiTi gamoyenebiT, deklara-
ciaSi yalbi monacemebis SetaniT.
paralelurad imave sakanonmdeblo novaciis Sedegad
5
1999 wlis 22 ivlisis redaqcia. ix. `saqarTvelos sakanon-
mdeblo macne,~ #41 (48), 1999 w., muxli 209-e.
6
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2000 w., #18,
muxli 45-e.
902
mTlianad Seicvala saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 52-e muxlis redaqcia da igi Camoyalibda Sem-
degi axali SinaarsiT:
muxli 52. danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTmeva
1. danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTmeva niSnavs

msjavrdebulisTvis mis sakuTrebaSi an kanonier
mflobelobaSi arsebuli, ganzraxi danaSaulis Casa-
denad gamoyenebuli nivTis usasyidlod CamorTme-
vas.
2. nivTis CamorTmevis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo. ase-
Ti RonisZiebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba im SemTxvevaSi,
roca igi saWiroa saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi
aucileblobidan an calkeul pirTa uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare
anda axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT~.
amasTan erTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsis 214-e muxlis SeniSvnas daemata me-2 punqti aseTi
SinaarsiT:
`sabaJo wesis darRvevisaTvis sasjelTan erTad SeiZle-

ba gamoyenebul iqnes sisxlissamarTlebrivi iZulebis
RonisZieba danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTme-
vis saxiT~.
ufro mogvianebiT, 2002 wlis 4 ivlisis sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-
sis 41-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi mieTiTa aseve amave kodeq-
sis 344-e muxlzec, rac imas niSnavda, rom danaSaulis sa-
gnis an saSualebis CamorTmeva SeiZleboda gamoyenebul
yofiliyo iseTi danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarTac,
rogoricaa saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanon-
od gadakveTa. imavdroulad saqarTvelos ssk-is 344-e
muxlis (2002 wlis 4 ivlisis redaqcia) SeniSvnas daemata
903
me-2 punqti, romlis mixedviT: `saqarTvelos saxelm-
wifo sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTisTvis sasjelTan er-
Tad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sisxlissamarTlebrivi
iZulebis RonisZieba danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis
CamorTmeviT~.7
zemoaRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis mokle is-

toriul analizs sruliad calsaxad mivyavarT Semdeg
daskvnebamde: 1. danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis Cam-
orTmeva warmoadgenda mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi
iZulebis damatebiT RonisZiebas da igi ar iyo ZiriTadi
an damatebiTi sasjeli, amitom sruliad bunebrivia,
rom aRniSnuli RonisZieba ar iyo Setanili saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-40 muxlSi (1999
wlis 22 ivlisis redaqcia) mocemul sasjelTa CamonaT-
valSi; 2. danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTmeva
radikalurad gansxvavdeboda saqarTvelos wina sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsiT (1960 wlis 30 dekembris redaq-
cia Semdgomi cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT) gaTval-
iswinebuli damatebiTi sasjelis _ qonebis konfiska-
ciisgan, romelSic igulisxmeboda msjavrdebulisgan
mis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli iseTi qonebis mTlianad an
nawilobriv usasyidlod CamorTmeva saxelmwifos sa-
kuTrebaSi gadacemiT, romelic araviTar kavSirSi ar
iyo mis mier Cadenil danaSaulTan; 3. danaSaulis sagnis
an saSualebis CamorTmeva gamoiyeneboda mxolod sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi mux-
lebiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi konkre-
tuli ganzraxi danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT, xolo
aseTi danaSauli, rogorc aRiniSna, iyo sul ori _ gaT-
valiswinebuli saqarTvelos ssk-is 214-e da 344-e mux-
lebiT; 4. danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis CamorTmevis
7
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 24.07.2002 w., #23,
muxli 113-e.
904
gamoyeneba ar iyo yovelTvis aucilebeli da gardauva-
li, aramed misi gamoyeneba daSvebuli iyo garkveuli
pirobebis dacviT, kerZod maSin, roca igi saWiro iyo
saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi aucileblobidan an
calkeul pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis
interesebidan gamomdinare, anda axali danaSaulis Cad-
enis Tavidan asacileblad; 5. danaSaulis sagnis an saSu-
alebis CamorTmevis uflebamosileba gaaCnda mxolod
sasamarTlos anu misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyo mx-
olod sasamarTlos ganaCenis safuZvelze.
amgvarad gamoiyureba gansaxilveli sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi institutis winamorbedTa ganviTarebis mokle
istoria, magram aq warmodgenili bolo viTareba,
sakanonmdeblo TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnul sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv institutTan mimarTebiT didxans ar gagrZele-
bula, daaxloebiT 3-4 wlis Semdeg man, sakanonmdeblo
gansazRvrulobis TvalsazrisiT, arsebiTi xasiaTis
Zireuli cvlilebebi ganicada, ris gamoc igi sruliad
axleburi saxiT warmoCinda, romelic damatebiTi xa-
siaTis sisxlissamarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebidan
gadaiqca damatebiTi sasjelis erT-erT saxed. amdenad,
man sruliad sxvagvari mniSvneloba SeiZina, vidre mas
manamde hqonda, amis mimaniSnebelia TviT misi axali sax-
elwodebac ki _ `qonebis CamorTmeva~ (igulisxmeba misi
usasyidlod CamorTmeva da saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi
gadacema), riTac igi TiTqosda dauaxlovda qonebis
konfiskacias, romelsac sabWoTa epoqasa da mis Semdgom
postkomunistur periodSi moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsi icnobda, magram aRniSnuli institutis amJamad
moqmedi samarTlebrivi statusis safuZvliani analizi
ar iZleva msgavsi daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels, radgan
amjerad sakiTxi exeba sul sxva qonebas, ris gamoc ms-
gavseba erTob zedapirulia, xolo sinamdvileSi saqme
905
gvaqvs erTmaneTisgan aSkarad gansxvavebul samarT-
lebriv movlenebTan.
yovelive naTqvamis Semdeg aucileblad unda aRiniSnos

isic, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi 2006 wlamde moqmedebda saproceso
konfiskaciis instituti. igi dakavSirebuli iyo sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze warmoebis dasrulebisas nivTieri
mtkicebulebebis Semdgomi bedis Taobaze sakiTxis gad-
awyvetasTan. saubaria saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsze, romelic miRebul iqna 1998 wlis
20 Tebervals da amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan.8 am
kodeqsis ramodenime muxlSi mocemuli iyo saproceso
normebi, romlebic Seexeboda saproceso konfiskaciis
gamoyenebis safuZvels, pirobebsa da wess. uwinaresad
mxedvelobaSia aRniSnuli kodeqsis 124-e muxli, romel-
ic aregulirebda winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze an
sasamarTloSi saqmis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi saproceso
samarTalwarmoebis damTavrebis dros nivTier mtkice-
bulebaTa Taobaze misaReb gadawyvetilebasTan dakav-
Sirebul sakiTxebs da romlis pirveli nawilis à~ qve-
punqti adgenda: `Tu danaSaulis iaraRs Rirebuleba ara
aqvs, igi nadgurdeba, xolo Tu mas aqvs raime Rirebule-
ba, xdeba misi saproceso konfiskacia~. amave muxlis me-2
nawilSi ki miTiTebuli iyo, rom winaswari gamoZiebis
stadiaze saqmis Sewyvetisas materialuri Rirebulebis
mqone nivTieri mtkicebulebis saproceso konfiskacia
xdeba mxolod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze.
am sakiTxs mosamarTle ganixilavs yvela dainteresebu-
li piris monawileobiT, im dokumentebis safuZvelze,
romlebsac waradgens sagamoZiebo organo. iqve, ganxi-
luli muxlis me-4 nawilSi, aRniSnuli iyo: msjavrde-
bulis im qonebaze, romelic eqvemdebareba saproceso
8
ix. `saqarTvelos parlamentis uwyebani~, 8.04.1998 w., muxli
#13-14.
906
konfiskacias, ar vrceldeba fuladi kompensacia, rac
imas niSnavda, rom saproceso konfiskacia es iyo qone-
bis (nivTis) usasyidlod CamorTmeva misi mesakuTrisgan
an mflobelisgan da saxelmwifo biujetSi gadacema.
garda amisa, aRniSnuli sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis 410-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi (1998 wlis 20 Teberv-
lis redaqcia) miTiTebuli iyo, rom sabraldebo daskv-
nas unda daerTos cnoba SesaZlo saproceso konfiskaci-
is Sesaxeb, xolo 412-e muxlis `k~ qvepunqti (1998 wlis
20 Tebervlis redaqcia) sabraldebo daskvniT Semosul
saqmeze prokurors avaldebulebda Seemowmebina _
miRebuli iyo Tu ara saWiro zomebi SesaZlo saproceso
konfiskaciis uzrunvelsayofad. imave kodeqsis 424-e
muxlis (1998 wlis 20 Tebervlis redaqcia) `k~ qvepunq-
tis mixedviT, romelic exeboda 2006 wlis 28 aprilamde
arsebul braldebulis samarTalSi micemis instituts,
mosamarTles braldebulis samarTalSi micemis stadi-
aze sxva sakiTxebTan erTad unda ganexila da gaerkvia
sakiTxi _ miRebulia Tu ara zomebi SesaZlo saproceso
konfiskaciis uzrunvelsayofad, romelSic uwinaresad
moiazreboda qonebis (nivTis) dayadaReba. amasTanave,
xsenebuli kodeqsis 498-e muxlis (1998 wlis 20 Teberv-
lis redaqcia) pirveli nawilis `l~ qvepunqtis Sesabam-
isad ganaCenis dadgenisas sasamarTlos sxva sakiTxebTan
erTad unda gadaewyvita sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb gasauqme-
belia Tu ara SesaZlo saproceso konfiskaciis uzrun-
velsayofad miRebuli zomebi, xolo 511-e muxlis è~
qvepunqtis (1998 wlis 20 Tebervlis redaqcia) Tanaxmad
gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi am gan-
aCenis sarezolucio nawilSi sasamarTlos unda mieRo
gadawyvetileba saproceso konfiskaciis uzrunvelsay-
ofad miRebuli RonisZiebis gauqmebis Taobaze.
907
2004 wlis 9 marts saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsSi Setanili cvlilebebis Sedegad am
kodeqsis 44-e muxls daemata 48-e nawili, romliTac gan-
sazRvruli iyo saproceso konfiskaciis cneba Semdegi
SinaarsiT: `saproceso konfiskacia _ danaSaulis iara-
Risa da sagnis usasyilod CamorTmeva~.9
amrigad, irkveva, rom 2000 wlis maisidan, mas Semdeg,

rac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanil
iqna danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis CamorTmevis in-
stituti, saqarTvelos sisxlis materialur da sapro-
ceso kanonmdeblobaSi paralelurad funqcionirebda
faqtobrivad msgavsi institutebi, romlebic Tavisi
arsiT erTmaneTs emTxveoda nawilobriv, ris gamoc
maT identurobaze ver visaubrebT. marTalia, rogorc
erTi, ise meore warmoadgenda danaSaulis sagnis, aseve
danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli iaraRisa Tu sxva
saSualebis usasyidlod CamorTmevas, rac sasamarTlo
wesiT xorcieldeboda, magram maT Soris msgavseba mx-
olod am niSniT amoiwureboda, sxva mxriv ki maT Soris
mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi iyo. magaliTad: sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis 52-e muxliT (2000 wlis 5 maisis redaq-
cia) gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sagnisa da saSu-
alebis CamorTmeva gamoiyeneboda mxolod Semdegi ori
ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenisas _ esenia amave kodeqsis
214-e muxliT (sabaJo wesis darRveva) da 344-e muxliT
(saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanonod gadakve-
Ta) gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebebi, xolo saproceso kon-
fiskacia gamoiyeneboda nebismieri ganzraxi danaSau-
lis Cadenisas; materialuri kodeqsis xsenebuli norma
xazs usvamda danaSaulis Camdeni piris sakuTrebaSi an
9
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 09.03.2004 w., #6, mux.
21-e.
908
kanonier mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTis CamorTmevaze
maSin, rodesac saproceso konfiskacia vrceldeboda
nebismier nivTze, romelic danaSaulis Casadenad iyo
gamoyenebuli an mis sagans warmoadgenda (cxadia, am uka-
nasknelSi ar igulisxmeboda dazaralebulisgan damna-
Savis, magaliTad mZarcvelis an yaCaRis mier gatacebuli
anda TaRliTis mier gamotyuebuli nivTi an sxva faseu-
loba) miuxedavad misi kuTvnilebisa; sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 52-e muxli (miTiTebuli redaqcia) damnaSavis
sakuTrebaSi an kanonier mflobelobaSi arsebuli qone-
bis usasyidlod CamorTmevisTvis awesebda garkveul
damatebiT pirobebs, saxeldobr, aseTi CamorTmeva daiS-
veboda mxolod maSin, roca igi saWiro iyo saxelmwifo
da sazogadoebrivi aucileblobidan an calkeul pirTa
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis interesebidan
gamomdinare anda axali danaSaulis Tavidan asacile-
blad, saproceso konfiskaciis dros ki nivTis an dana-
Saulis sagnis CamorTmevisTvis msgavsi pirobebis arse-
boba da dasabuTeba saWiro ar iyo. dasaxelebuli ori
instituti erTmaneTTan ar imyofeboda im tradiciul
urTierTdamokidebulebaSi, romlis mixedviT sisxlis
saproceso samarTlebrivi institutebi ganixileba ma-
terialur sisxlis samarTalSi dadgenili pasuxismge-
blobis realizaciis saSualebad, isini erTmaneTisgan
damoukideblad funqcionirebdnen.
samarTlebrivi sanqciis saxiT saqarTvelos moqmed

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi Setanamde qonebis
CamorTmevis instituti, rogorc saproceso samar-
Tlebrivi RonisZieba, 2004 wlis dasawyisidan 2006
wlamde periodSi, Cndeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
sxva sferoebSi. saqarTvelos parlamentma 2004 wlis
13 Tebervals miRebuli kanonebiT Seitana damatebebi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqs-
909
sa da saqarTvelos administraciul saproceso kod-
eqsSi, romelTac saTave daudes qarTul samarTlebriv
sivrceSi qonebis CamorTmevis, rogorc damnaSaveze
samarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis funqcioni-
rebas. kerZod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqss daemata 371 muxli _ `prokuroris
sarCeli Tanamdebobis piris qonebis CamorTmevasa da
saxelmwifosTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT~, Semdegi
SinaarsiT:
1. `Tu prokurors aqvs safuZvliani eWvi, rom braldebu-

li Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli qoneba
SesaZlebelia iyos mopovebuli am kodeqsis 44-e muxlis
47-e nawilSi miTiTebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad,
igi aRZravs sarCels Tanamdebobis piris mflobelobaSi
arsebuli ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis, agreTve
am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis, aqciebis (wilis)
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosTvis gadacemasTan dakav-
SirebiT.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-

vevaSi saqmis warmoeba mimdinareobs saqarTvelos admin-
istraciuli saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT~.10
amasTanave, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 44-e
muxls, sadac mocemuli iyo cnebaTa da terminTa gan-
martebani am kodeqsisaTvis, daemata 47-e nawili, romel-
ic gansazRvravda Tanamdebobis piris cnebas aRniSnuli
kodeqsis miznebisaTvis:
`Tanamdebobis piri (romlis mimarTac xorcieldeba

sisxlis samarTlis procesi) _ am kanonis miznebisaT-
vis, `sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da
korufciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxliT
10
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2004 w., #6,
muxli 21-e.
910
gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamdebobis piri, sajaro moxele,
sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneli an
misi moadgile, an sawarmoSi, romelSic saxelmwifo
flobs wilis (aqciaTa) 50%-s an 50%-ze mets, xelmZR-
vanelobiTi anda warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileb-
is mqone piri, romelsac bralad edeba Tanamdebobaze
yofnis periodSi Sesabamisad samoxeleo an samewarmeo
an sxva organizaciaSi samsaxuris interesis winaaRm-
deg mimarTuli danaSaulis Cadena, ukanono Semosavlis
legalizacia, gamoZalva, miTviseba an gaflangva, gad-
asaxadebisgan Tavis arideba an sabaJo wesebis darRveva,
miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia Tu ara igi dakave-
buli Tanamdebobidan~.11
rogorc aRiniSna imavdroulad Sesabamisi cvlileba

iqna Setanili saqarTvelos administraciul saproceso
kodeqsSi, kerZod, aRniSnul kodeqss daemata VII2 Tavi
214, 2111 muxlebiT (2004 wlis 13 Tebervlis redaqcia),
romelSic ganisazRvra Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono
da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwi-
fosTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis mareglamentire-
beli normebi.12
amrigad, mocemuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis ZaliT

prokurors miniWebuli hqonda uflebamosileba, sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 371-e muxlis pirvel
nawilSi miTiTebul danaSaulTa Cadenis SemTxvevebSi,
Tanamdebobis piris mimarT sisxlis samarTalwarmoe-
bis dawyebis paralelurad am piris mimarT Seetana
11
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2005 w. #14,
muxli 94-e.
12
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2004 w., #6, muxli
29-e.
911
sarCeli qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze administraci-
uli samarTalwarmoebis wesiT ise, rom ar dalode-
boda sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze saboloo sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da am gadawyvetilebis kanon-
ier ZalaSi Sesvlas. mogvianebiT saqarTvelos adminis-
traciul saproceso kodeqsis 214 muxlis me-2 nawilSi
Setanili cvlilebis mixedviT prokurors aRniSnuli
sarCelis Setana SeeZlo Tanamdebobis piris mimarT sa-
samarTlos ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 dRis
vadaSi. cxadia, rom aq igulisxmeboda sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeze samarTalwarmoebis mTlianad dasrulebis
saboloo momentidSDFan aTvlili ocdaaTdRiani vada. es
imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnuli kanonebis Tavdapirveli re-
daqciiT moqmedebis periodSi romelime zemoxsenebuli
danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebuli piris mflobelobaSi
arsebuli qonebis CamosarTmevad aucilebeli ar iyo am
qonebis ukanono an dausabuTebeli xasiaTis, sxvagvarad
rom iTqvas, misi danaSaulebrivi warmomavlobis Tao-
baze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT
dadasturebuli safuZvlis arseboba, aramed saamisod
sakmarisi iyo prokuroris safuZvliani eWvi. aseTi vi-
Tareba ar gamoricxavda iseT SesaZleblobas, rom ms-
gavs SemTxvevaSi administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis
wesiT momxdariyo braldebuli Tanamdebobis pirisgan
qonebis CamorTmeva, xolo amis Semdeg ki igi sasamarT-
los udanaSaulod ecno.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos administraci-

uli saproceso kodeqsis 214 muxlma (pirveli nawili)
friad gaafarTova qonebaCamosarTmev pirTa wre, gan-
sxvavebiT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 371-e
muxlisgan, radgan es ukanaskneli Semoifargleboda mx-
olod uSualod danaSaulis Camdeni Tanamdebobis piris
dasaxelebiT, xolo administraciuli saproceso kod-
eqsis xsenebulma normam (214-e muxlis pirveli nawili)
ki danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebul Tanamdebobis pirs
912
daumata misi ojaxis wevri, axlo naTesavi da masTan da-
kavSirebuli piri, anu SesaZleblad miiCnevda sarCelis
aRZvras agreTve maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli qonebis
CamosarTmevad, garda uSualod braldebuli Tanamde-
bobis piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli qonebisa.
garda amisa, saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso

kodeqsis VII2 Tavi wyvetda qonebis CamorTmevasTan da-
kavSirebul sxva sakiTxebsac, saxeldobr, igi gansaz-
Rvravda: qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis
pirobebs (muxli 216); zemoT miTiTebul pirTa mflob-
elobaSi arsebuli qonebis dayadaRebis pirobebs (mux-
li 277); qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis
iuridiul Sedegebs (muxli 218); qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze Setanili sarCelis daukmayofileblobis Sede-
gebs (muxli 2110), agreTve qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze
Setanil sarCelTan dakavSirebiT dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs (muxli 2111). amasTan er-
Tad, yuradReba unda mieqces am kanonis 219 muxlis Si-
naarss, romelic erTgvar gaurkvevlobas badebda. masSi
aRniSnuli iyo Semdegi:
muxli 219. Tanamdebobis piris sisxlissamarTleb-

rivi pasuxismgebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlo daadasturebs, rom Tanamdebobis

piris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an dakav-
Sirebuli piris mflobelobaSi imyofeba ukanono da
dausabuTebeli qoneba da sasamarTlo procesis msv-
lelobisas Tanamdebobis piris mier Cadenil qmede-
baSi gamoikveTa sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis niS-
nebi, prokurori iwyebs sisxlissamarTlebriv dev-
nas mis winaaRmdeg.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-
vevaSi samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs sisxlis sa-
marTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT~.
913
am normis mixedviT gaugebari iyo Tanamdebobis piris
mier Cadenili romeli danaSaulia masSi nagulisxmevi.
Tuki masSi nagulisxmevia nebismieri sxva danaSauli da
ara is danaSauli, romlisTvisac msjavrdebis safuZ-
velze iyo Setanili sarCeli ukanono an dausabuTebeli
qonebis CamosarTmevad, maSin aseTi normis arseboba
sruliad zedmetia, radgan im droisaTvis moqmedi sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, danaSau-
lis niSnebis aRmoCenis yvela SemTxvevaSi, prokurori
isedac iyo valdebuli daewyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna aseTi qmedebis Camdenis mimarT, miuxedavad imi-
sa, es ukanaskneli warmoadgenda Tu ara Tanamdebobis
pirs, saamisod ki prokurori administraciuli sapro-
ceso kodeqsisgan damatebiT miTiTebas ar saWiroebda.
aq aRniSnuli normebis Sesaxeb msjelobas aRar gavagr-
ZelebT, radgan am normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxi
qvemoT ufro vrclad iqneba ganxiluli.
SeiZleba dabejiTebiT iTqvas, rom Tuki saqarTvelos

administraciul saproceso kodeqsSi braldebuli da
msjavrdebuli Tanamdebobis pirebisgan ukanono da
dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb Setanili
cvlilebebi da damatebebi mimarTuli iyo korufciis
winaaRmdeg, SemdgomSi qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakav-
SirebiT saqarTvelos sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi
Setanili cvlilebebi da damatebebi ukve pirdapir iyo
mimarTuli organizebuli danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg,
romelic bolo wlebSi msoflio masStabis globalur
problemad iqca. am TvalsazrisiT pirvel rigSi aR-
saniSnavia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2004 wlis 24
ivniss miRebuli kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da
reketis Sesaxeb~, romelic oTxi muxlisgan Sedgeboda,
romelTagan pirveli muxli gansazRvravda am kanonis
914
miRebis mizans _ organizebuli danaSaulisa da reke-
tis winaaRmdeg brZolis gaZliereba da aseTi saxis da-
naSaulTa Tavidan acileba. imave kanonis meore muxli
Sedgeboda sami punqtisgan, aqedan pirveli punqti gan-
sazRvravda reketis cnebas, me-2 punqti _ reketuli da-
jgufebis, xolo me-3 punqti _ reketiris cnebas. aRniS-
nuli kanonis me-3 muxlic sami punqtisgan Sedgeboda,
romlebSic gansazRvruli iyo reketiris ojaxis wevris,
reketiris axlo naTesavisa da reketirTan dakavSirebu-
li piris cnebebi.
am kanonis paralelurad 2004 wlis 24 ivniss saqarT-

velos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis (1997 wlis 14
noembris redaqcia Semdgomi cvlilebebiTa da damate-
bebiT) meSvide kars daemata XLIV1 Tavi Semdegi saTau-
riT: `warmoeba reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da sax-
elmwifosTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT~. aRniSnuli
Tavi Sedgeboda eqvsi muxlisgan. am Tavis pirvelive
muxlSi mocemuli iyo terminTa ganmartebani (muxli
3561), romelSic gadatanili iyo reketis, reketuli
dajgufebis, reketiris, reketieris ojaxis wevris,
reketieris axlo naTesavis, reketirTan dakavSirebuli
pirisa da reketuli qonebis igive cnebebi, romlebic
ganmartebuli iyo saqarTvelos kanonSi òrganizebuli
danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~.
garda amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kod-

eqsis XLIV1 TavSi mocemuli normebi gansazRvravdnen
reketuli qonebis CamosarTmevad sarCelis aRZvrasTan,
qonebis reketulad cnobasTan, reketuli qonebis day-
adaRebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. agreTve reket-
uli qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis iu-
ridiul Sedegebsa da reketuli qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze dausabuTebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis
pirobebs, analogiurad im sakiTxebisa, romlebic moce-
915
muli iyo Tanamdebobis pirTa qonebis CamorTmevasTan
dakavSirebiT, zemoT ganxilul saqarTvelos adminis-
traciuli saproceso kodeqsis VII2 TavSi Camoyalibe-
bul saproceso normebSi.13
momdevno periodSi kvlav iqna Setanili garkveuli cvl-

ilebebi da damatebebi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sapro-
ceso kodeqsis XLIV1 TavSi, romlis saxeldebac ase Camo-
yalibda: `Tavi XLIV1. warmoeba reketuli an qurduli sa-
myaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosT-
vis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT~ (2005 wlis 20 dekembris
redaqcia).14 am TavSi warmodgenil normebSi, xsenebuli
cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis gziT ganxor-
cielda erTgvari sinTezireba im institutebisa, rom-
lebiTac reglamentirebuli iyo reketuli dajgufe-
bebisa da reketirebis, aseve kanonieri qurdebisa da
qurduli samyaros sxva wevrebis, agreTve maTi ojaxis
wevrebis, axlo naTesavebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli
sxva pirebis xelSi arakanonieri (danaSaulebrivi) gziT
moxvedrili qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cno-
bisa da CamorTmevis pirobebi, safuZvlebi da wesebi,
romelTa arsi SemdgomSi iqneba ganxiluli, amitom
maT Sesaxeb aq msjelobas aRar gavagrZelebT. es cv-
lilebebi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo procesSi ganpiro-
bebuli iyo òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~ 2004 wlis 24 ivnisis kanonis SecvliT, ramac
saTave daudo saqarTvelos moqmed kanonmdeblobaSi
qonebis CamorTmevis institutis Tanamedrove formiT
Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebas.
13
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 09.07.2004 w., #18,
mux. 64-e.
14
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne,~ I, 29.12.2005 w., #57,
mux. 441-e.
916
aseTia qonebis CamorTmevis institutisa da misi
winamorbedi samarTlebrivi institutebis warmoSobisa
da ganviTarebis mokle istoria, romlis Semdeg ganvixi-
lavT Tu rogor aris warmodgenili aRniSnuli insti-
tuti Tanamedrove periodis qarTul materialur da
saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi.
§ 2. qonebis CamorTmeva, rogorc materialur sa-

marTlebrivi sanqcia da saproceso-samarTlebrivi
zemoqmedebis RonisZieba, Tanamedrove etapze moqmed
qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi
2005 wlis dasasrulidan sruliad axali etapi iwyeba

qarTul samarTlebriv sinamdvileSi qonebis CamorT-
mevis institutis axleburad Camoyalibebisa da ganvi-
Tarebis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, 2005 wlis 20 dekembers
saqarTvelos parlamentma gaauqma saqarTvelos kanoni
òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~ 2004
wlis 24 ivnisis redaqciiT da mis nacvlad miRebul iqna
axali kanoni igive dasaxelebiT, romelSic reketTan
da reketuli qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxebTan erTad
gansazRvrul iqna aseve qurduli samyaros, qurduli
samyaros wevrisa da kanonieri qurdis cnebebi. agreTve
qurduli samyaros wevrTa da maTTan dakavSirebul pir-
Ta ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmevasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.15 es kanoni miznad isaxavs xeli
Seuwyos organizebuli danaSaulis, qurduli samyaro-
sa da reketis winaaRmdeg brZolasa da maT Tavidan ac-
ilebas, romlis me-5 muxli adgens reketuli qonebisa da
qurduli samyaros wevris ukanono da dausabuTebeli
qonebis CamorTmevis Semdeg samarTlebriv safuZvlebs:
15
saqarTvelos kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis
Sesaxeb~, 2005 wlis 20 dekembris redaqcia. ix. `saqarTvelos
sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 29.12.2005 w., #57, mux. 438-e.
917
muxli 5. reketuli qoneba, qurduli samyaros wevris
qoneba
1. reketuli qoneba aris reketidan miRebuli qoneba,

am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, reketidan miRe-
buli SemosavliT SeZenili qoneba, agreTve reketu-
li dajgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris,
axlo naTesavis an masTan dakavSirebuli piris Se-
mosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali,
romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis dama-
dasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arse-
bobs.
2.qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba aris misi ojax-
is wevris, axlo naTesavis an masTan dakavSirebuli
piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli
Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT
miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkiceb-
uleba ar arsebobs.
3. reketuli da qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba
eqvemdebareba CamorTmevas da mesame piris kanonieri
interesebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg gadaecema mis
kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri mesakuTris
dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi _ saxelmwi-
fos.
4. reketuli da qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis wesi
ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsiT~.
SeiZleba pirdapir aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos

kanoni òrganizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Ses-
axeb~ namdvilad aris saqarTveloSi organizebul
danaSaulobasTan brZolis CarCo-kanoni, romlis
safuZvelzedac saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis sx-
918
vadasxva sferoSi SemuSavebul da Camoyalibebul
iqna organizebul danaSaulTa gamovlenis konkre-
tul formebTan _ Tanamdebobis pirebis, reketio-
rebisa da reketuli dajgufebebis, kanonieri qur-
debisa da qurduli samyaros sxva wevrebis, adamianiT
movaWreTa (trefikerebis), narkotikuli saSualebis
gavrcelebis xelSemwyobebisa (narkotrefikerebis)
da ukanono Semosavlebis legalizaciiT (e.w. fulis
gaTeTrebiT) dakavebuli pirebis mier organizebul
danaSaulebTan brZolis samarTlebrivi saSualebe-
bi Sesabamisi institutebis saxiT. am TvalsazrisiT
aRniSnulma kanonma mniSvnelovani zegavlena iqonia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis materialur da
saproceso kanonmdeblobaze, aseve, rogorc zemo-
Tac aRiniSna, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kanonmdeblobaze, xolo arsebiTad raSi gamoixateba
aseTi zegavlena dasaxelebul sakanonmdeblo sfer-
oebze, amis Sesaxeb vrclad da detalurad qvemoT
iqneba gadmocemuli.
2.1 qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis materialur da saproceso ka-
nonmdeblobaSi (mdgomareoba 2010 wlis 1 oqtom-
bramde)
saqarTvelos materialur sisxlis samarTalSi qonebis

CamorTmevis instituti amJamad moqmedi sistemiT, ro-
gorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqciis erT-erTi saxe,
gamoCnda 2005 wlis bolos, rodesac am sferoSi ganx-
orcielda mniSvnelovani sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi.
2005 wlis 28 dekembers saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis me-40, 41-e da 52-e muxlebSi Setanil iqna Semde-
gi cvlilebebi: ssk-is me-40 muxlis dispozicias, sadac
mocemuli iyo sasjelis saxeebis CamonaTvali, daemata
`k~ qvepunqti, romliTac am CamonaTvals Seemata kidev
919
erTi sasjelis saxe qonebis CamorTmevis saxiT, xolo
imave kodeqsis 41-e muxlis me-2 nawili, romelSic winaT
miTiTebuli iyo, rom iseTi sasjelebi, rogoricaa ja-
rima da Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis
CamorTmeva, SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc ZiriTad, ise
damatebiT sasjelad, Camoyalibda axali redaqciiT,
romelSic amJamad miTiTebulia, rom qonebis CamorT-
meva SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod damatebiTi sasjelis
saxiT. imavdroulad saqarTvelos ssk-is 41-e muxlis
me-3 nawili, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo Tu ra SemTxveveb-
Si gamoiyeneboda danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis
CamorTmeva, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi iZulebis
RonisZieba, amoRebul iqna kodeqsidan. Tumca es sulac
ar niSnavs imas, rom danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis
CamorTmeva saerTod gaqra sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi-
dan, aramed igi gadaiqca damatebiT sasjelad, razedac
calsaxad metyvelebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 52-e muxlis axali redaqcia, romelic imave
sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis (2005 wlis 28 dekemberi)
Sedegad Camoyalibda da romelSic mocemulia qonebis
CamorTmevis _ rogorc sasjelis arsi da misi gamoy-
enebis samarTlebrivi kriteriumebi:
`muxli 52. qonebis CamorTmeva
1. qonebis CamorTmeva niSnavs danaSaulis sagnis an/da

iaraRis, danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis an/
da danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis saxelm-
wifos sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas.
2. danaSaulis sagnis an/da iaraRis an/da danaSaulis
Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva niSnavs
braldebulisTvis, msjavrdebulisTvis mis sa-
kuTrebaSi an/da kanonier mflobelobaSi arsebuli,
ganzraxi danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli an/da
920
amisTvis raime saxiT gamiznuli qonebis saxelmwi-
fos sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas. dana-
Saulis sagnis anda iaraRis an danaSaulis Casadenad
gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva xdeba sasamarTlos
mier. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ganzraxi
danaSaulisTvis, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea da-
naSaulis sagani anda iaraRi an/da danaSaulis Casa-
denad gamiznuli nivTi da maTi CamorTmeva saWiroa
saxelmwifo an sazogadoebrivi aucileblobidan
an/da calkeul pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis
dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare an/da axali dana-
Saulis Tavidan asacileblad.
3. danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis CamorT-
meva niSnavs msjavrdebulisTvis danaSaulebrivi
gziT miRebuli qonebis (yvela nivTi da aramate-
rialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, aseve iuridiuli do-
kumentebi, romlebic iZleva uflebas qonebaze),
agreTve am qonebidan miRebuli nebismieri formis
Semosavlebis an/da maTi Rirebulebis ekvivalen-
turi qonebis saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasyid-
lod CamorTmevas. danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebu-
li qonebis CamorTmeva sasamarTlos mier iniSneba
am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ganzraxi da-
naSaulisTvis, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damtkicdeba, rom
es qoneba danaSaulebrivi gziTaa mopovebuli~ (2005
wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia). 16
saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis pirveli nawili (2005

wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia), rogorc vxedavT, iZleva
qonebis CamorTmevis arsis ganmartebas, romelic amave
muxlis winandeli redaqciisgan gansxvavebiT, saxelm-
wifos sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas uqvem-
debarebs ara mxolod danaSaulis im sagansa da iaraRs
16 ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, #4,
18.01.2006 w., mux. 39-e.
921
(saSualebas), romelic iyo gamoyenebuli danaSaulis
Casadenad, aramed aseve danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznul
nivTsa da danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul qonebas.
danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis qveS unda vigu-

lisxmoT nebismieri moZravi (cecxlsasroli iaraRi,
narkotikuli saSualeba, yalbi fuli, satransporto
saSualeba, Zvirfasi nivTebi da sxva) da uZravi (saxli
an sxva nageboba, miwis nakveTi da sxva) nivTi, sagani Tu
sxva qoneba, romlebze zemoqmedebiT, anda romelTa
gamoyenebiT piri apirebda ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenas
anu emzadeboda maTi meSveobiT danaSaulis Casadenad
an cdilobda danaSaulis Cadenas. sxvagvarad rom iTq-
vas, aseT SemTxvevaSi nivTis (qonebis) usasyidlod Cam-
orTmeva SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, rodesac saxezea
sul cota danaSaulis momzadebis stadia anda danaSau-
lis mcdelobis stadia, radgan yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi,
garda damTavrebuli danaSaulisa, ar arsebobs marTl-
sawinaaRdmego qmedeba. magaliTad, pirma SeiZina uZravi
qoneba raime nagebobis saxiT. sanam saproceso kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT ar dadgindeba, rom es piri emzadeboda
aRniSnuli qonebis gamoyenebiT raime ganzraxi danaSau-
lis Casadenad an cdilobda raime danaSaulis Cadenas,
manamde xsenebuli pirisgan sisxlissamarTlebrivi wes-
iT am qonebis CamorTmevis sakiTxi ver dadgeba.
rac Seexeba danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebul qonebas,

romelzedac miTiTebulia saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e mux-
lis pirvel nawilSi (2005 wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia),
amave muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, masSi igulisxmeba
yvela nivTi da aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, iu-
ridiuli dokumentebi, romlebic iZleva uflebas qone-
baze, agreTve am qonebidan miRebuli nebismieri for-
mis Semosavlebi da maTi Rirebulebis ekvivalenturi
922
qoneba, romelic msjavrdebulis xelSi aRmoCnda mis
mier ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad da romelic
ar warmoadgens sxva fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris sa-
kuTrebas an am ukanasknelTa kanonieri mflobelobis
obieqts. magaliTad, saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasy-
idlod CamorTmevas ar SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros msja-
vrdebulis xelT arsebuli iseTi qoneba, romelic mis
mier danaSaulis Cadenisas mitacebul iqna dazarale-
buli pirisagan da am ukanasknelis sakuTrebas warmoad-
gens anda mis kanonier mflobelobaSi imyofeboda, gar-
da im SemTxvevisa, rodesac, marTalia, sarwmunod aris
dadgenili, rom, msjavrdebulis xelT arsebuli aseTi
qoneba sxvis sakTurebas warmoadgenda, magram ver dg-
indeba am qonebis mesakuTre an kanonieri mflobeli.
ganxilul sakanonmdeblo formulirebaSi yuradRe-

bas iqcevs Semdegi garemoeba: im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
sarwmunod iqna dadgenili, rom msjavrdebulis mier
danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebul iqna qoneba, magram uSua-
lod es qoneba misgan ver iqna amoRebuli, maSin kanoni
SesaZleblad uSvebs, rom msjavrdebuls CamoerTvas mis
sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sxva qoneba, romelic iqneba mis
mier danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis tol-
fasi Rirebulebis mqone. savaraudod, sakiTxis aseTi
gadawyveta kanonmdeblobis mier xdeba imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qone-
ba samarTlebrivad verasodes gaxdeba damnaSavis kanon-
ieri sakuTreba, e.i. is ukanonod gamdidrda danaSaulis
Cadenis saSualebiT. magaliTad narkotikuli saSuale-
bebis didi an gansakuTrebiT didi odenobiT realizaci-
is Sedegad man miiRo Semosavali an/da aseTi SemosavliT
SemdgomSi SeiZina raime qoneba, xolo Semdeg moaswro am
qonebis gadamalva an sxva pirze gasxviseba, ris gamoc
es ukanaskneli ver iqna amoRebuli. samarTlebrivad
sruliad logikuria, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis
923
Camdenma pirma unda zRos saxelmwifos sasargeblod is
materialuri sikeTe, romelic man danaSaulebrivi gzi-
Ta da saSualebebiT moipova. msgavsi SemTxvevis mimarT
analogiuri midgoma gaaCnia yvela civilizebuli qvey-
nis Tanamedrove samarTals. ufro metic, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo, saqarTvelos parlamentis 2004 wlis 17
Tebervlis dadgenilebiT17 SeuerTda strasburgis 1990
wlis 8 noembris konvencias _ `fulis gaTeTrebis, da-
naSaulebrivi saqmianobis Sedegad mopovebuli Semo-
savlebis moZiebis, amoRebisa da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb~,
romelic am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis monawile
saxelmwifoebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos, avaldebulebs
miiRon iseTi sakanonmdeblo da sxva aucilebeli zome-
bi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen aRniSnul qveynebs
konfiskacia gaukeTon danaSaulis iaraRebsa da dana-
Saulebrivi gziT miRebul Semosavals an qonebas, rom-
lis Rirebuleba Seesabameba am Semosavals. amave dros,
aRniSnuli konvencia iZleva konfiskaciis ganmarte-
bas, ris mixedviTac igi aris sasjeli an zoma, romlis
Sefardeba xdeba sasamarTlos mier sisxlis samarTlis
danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmoebis Sem-
deg da romelsac Sedegad mohyveba danaSaulis Cadenis
gziT SeZenili qonebis saboloo CamorTmeva (konven-
ciis pirveli muxlis `d~ punqti da me-2 muxlis pirveli
punqti).18 amitomaa, rom danaSaulebrivi gziT mopove-
buli qonebis CamorTmevisaTvis kanonmdebeli araviTar
damatebiT pirobas ar ayenebs, rogor pirobasac igi ad-
gens danaSaulis sagnisa da iaraRis CamosarTmevad, ra-
sac qvemoT SevexebiT.
ra Tqma unda ganxiluli SemTxveva sruliad gansxvave-

bulia aradanaSaulebrivi gziT piris xelSi aramarTl-
17
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, III, #21, 26.02.2004
w., mux. 206.
18
ix. `parlamentis uwyebani~, 06.07.2004 w., gv. 192.
924
zomierad sxvisi qonebis moxvedrisagan, rasac samo-
qalaqo samarTalSi usafuZvlo gamdidreba ewodeba da
romlis drosac qonebis kuTvnileba dgindeba Tanaswo-
ruflebian mxareebs Soris samoqalaqo davis gadawyve-
tis gziT.
Tuki danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis CamorT-

meva xdeba msjavrdebulisgan, misgan gansxvavebiT dana-
Saulis sagnis an iaraRis (saSualebis), aseve danaSaulis
Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva xdeba rogorc
msjavrdebulisgan, aseve danaSaulis CadenaSi bral-
debuli pirisgan, Tumca orive SemTxvevaSi CamorTmeva
xorcieldeba sasamarTlos meSveobiT, saqarTvelos
ssk-is 52-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (2005 wlis 28
dekembris redaqcia). aRniSnuli gansxvaveba xsenebul
or SemTxvevas Soris imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom
SesaZloa braldebulis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna Sewydes sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi
arsebiT ganxilvamde _ winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze,
ra drosac sisxlisamarTlebriv devnas daqvemdebare-
bul pirs gaaCnia braldebulis statusi da am statusis
farglebSi mTavrdeba mis mimarT samarTalwarmoeba.
Tuki aseTi piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna
winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze Sewydeba romelime ara-
mareabilitirebeli safuZvliT, magaliTad, danaSaulis
xandazmulobis vadis gasvlis gamo, sruliad gasagebia,
rom aseT SemTxvevaSi aRniSnul pirs unda CamoerTvas is
iaraRi Tu saSualeba, romliTac man danaSauli Caidina
an romelic misi danaSaulis sagans warmoadgenda.
aRniSnulTan erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoe-

bac, rom danaSaulis sagnisa da iaraRis (saSualebis),
aseve danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis usasy-
idlod CamorTmevisTvis kanoni damatebiT pirobebs
925
awesebs, kerZod, saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis me-2
nawilSi (2005 wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia) miTiTebulia,
rom aseTi sagnebisa da nivTebis CamorTmeva xdeba im Sem-
TxvevaSi, rodesac maTi CamorTmeva saWiroa saxelmwifo
da sazogadoebrivi aucileblobidan an calkeul pirTa
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis interesebidan
gamomdinare an/da axali danaSaulis Tavidan asacile-
blad. aq saWiroa ganimartos mocemul CamonaTvalSi ra
aucileblobas, uflebebsa da interesebs SeiZleba gu-
lisxmobdes kanonmdebeli maTze miTiTebisas.
vfiqrobT, rom am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa da

savsebiT misaRebic is ganmarteba, romelic mocemulia
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos erT-erT
gadawyvetilebaSi, romlis mixedviT axali danaSaulis
Tavidan acileba da sxvaTa uflebebis dacva aris yve-
la ganzraxi danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTo
mizani, xolo rac Seexeba saxelmwifo da sazogadoe-
briv aucileblobas, es zogadi terminia da garda imisa,
rom, TavisTavad, SeiZleba moicavdes dasaxelebul or
mizans, imavdroulad, is konkretul Sinaarssac iZens
calkeul danaSaulebTan mimarTebiT. misi Sinaarsi gan-
sxvavebulia adamianis, sakuTrebis, fulad-sakredito
sistemis, saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli dana-
Saulebis, aseve narkotikuli da sxva danaSaulebis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolisas. magaliTad, sabaJo wesebis dar-
Rvevisas, saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi aucilebloba
araerT garemoebasa da dasacav sikeTes moicavs. ker-
Zod, cxadia, rom am SemTxvevaSic arsebiTia sxvaTa
uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis dacva da axali danaSau-
lis Tavidan acileba, magram, garda amisa, saxelmwifo
da sazogadoebrivi aucilebloba SeiZleba iyos: qveynis
ekonomikuri da finansuri stabiluroba, normaluri,
mSvidi samoqalaqo brunva, sagadasaxado sistemis efeq-
926
turoba, sabazro ekonomikis dinamikuri ganviTareba
da sxva. amdenad, yvela qveyana dainteresebulia, SeaCe-
ros kontrabanda yvelaze efeqturi gzebiT da amisT-
vis Zalze mkacr zomebs mimarTavs kidec, xolo dasax-
elebuli miznebi (igulisxmeba saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e
muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli miznebi _ d.s.) Tavisi
SinaarsiTa da mniSvnelobiT Seesabameba im aucilebeli
sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis arss, rasac iTvaliswinebs
saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxlis me-2 punqti. Se-
sabamisad, aseTi miznebisaTvis konstitucia uSvebs sa-
kuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis SesaZleblobas kanoniT
gansazRvrul farglebSi da safuZvelze.19
maSasadame, gansaxilveli normis mixedviT danaSau-

lebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis CamorTmeva xdeba
yvela SemTxvevaSi, xolo saamisod sakmarisia dadas-
turdes, rom saxezea swored aseTi qoneba, maSin, rode-
sac danaSaulis sagnis, iaraRisa Tu saSualebis, agreTve
danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis an sxva qonebis
CamorTmeva yovelTvis ar xdeba, aramed, kanonis moTxov-
nis Tanaxmad, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi maTi Cam-
orTmevisas sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, rom moce-
mul SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli RonisZiebis miReba saWiroa
saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi aucileblobidan an
calkeul pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dac-
vis interesebidan gamomdinare anda axali danaSaulis
Tavidan asacileblad. magaliTad, romelime iuridiul
pirs, romelic funqcionirebs ama Tu im saxis produq-
ciis damamzadebeli sawarmos saxiT, Tavis sakuTrebaSi
gaaCnia Zalian mniSvnelovani da ZviradRirebuli da-
19
ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 2
ivlisis #1\2\384 gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ d.j., t.g. da n.d.
saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg. `saqarTvelos sakanon-
mdeblo macne~, IV, #35, 10.07.2007 w., gv. 10-11.
927
nadgari. am danadgaris gamoyenebiT danaSaulis Cad-
enis SemTxvevaSi, vidre misi usasyidlod CamorTmevis
Taobaze gadawyvetilebas miiRebs, sasamarTlom unda
gaarkvios: danadgaris CamorTmeva xom ar gamoiwvevs
mTeli sawarmos gaCerebas da socialurad ra masStabis
negatiuri Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves mis gaCerebas, ar-
sebobs Tu ara momavalSi am danadgaris kvlav danaSau-
lebrivi miznebiT gamoyenebis saSiSroeba, ra simZimisa
Tu moculobis marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegia danaSau-
liT gamowveuli da sxva garemoebebi, ra drosac sa-
samarTlom erTmaneTs unda SeuTanazomos konkretuli
sajaro da kerZo interesebi, Seafasos _ mocemul Sem-
TxvevaSi romeli maTgani ufro Rirebulia. es principi
sakanonmdeblo doneze miRebulia, xolo sasamarTlom
unda uzrunvelyos praqtikaSi am principis realurad
gatareba, raTa ar moxdes kerZo interesebis sferoSi
arasaWiro da uxeSi Careva. amitomaa, rom kanonma gamor-
icxa saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxliT (2005 wlis 28 de-
kembris redaqcia) gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis zomebis
gamoyeneba piris mier gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis Ca-
denisas.
saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis (2005 wlis 28 dekem-

bris redaqcia) analizisas aucileblad unda SevexoT
kidev erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs, romelmac sasamarTlo
praqtikaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia. aRniSnuli
muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebulia, rom saxelmwifos
sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas eqvemdebareba
ganzraxi danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli an saam-
isod gamiznuli iseTi danaSaulis sagani, iaraRi (saSu-
aleba), nivTi an qoneba, romelic warmoadgens eWvmit-
anilis, braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis sakuTrebas
an imyofeba mis kanonier mflobelobaSi. es imas niSnavs,
rom Tuki damnaSavis mier ganzraxi danaSaulis Casa-
928
denad gamoyenebuli an mis mier saamisod gamiznuli
nivTi, sagani, iaraRi an qoneba warmoadgens sxva piris
sakuTrebas, romelic braleul kavSirSi ar imyofeba
Cadenil an gamiznul danaSaulTan da romelsac aRniS-
nuli nivTi, sagani an qoneba mflobelobaSi ar gadaucia
damnaSavisTvis, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos sasarge-
blod danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli an saamisod
gamiznuli nivTis, sagnis, iaraRisa da qonebis usasy-
idlod CamorTmeva dauSvebelia, aramed igi, marTalia,
CamoerTmeva damnaSaves, magram unda daubrundes mis me-
sakuTres an kanonier mflobels. mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu misi mesakuTre an kanonieri mflobeli ver iqna
moZiebuli da dadgenili, SeiZleba CamorTmeuli nivTi,
sagani, iaraRi da qoneba usasyidlod gadaeces saxelm-
wifos.
2006 wlis 16 maiss saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma konsti-

tuciuri sarCeliT mimarTes saqarTvelos sakonstitu-
cio sasamarTlos, romliTac mosarCeleebi iTxovdnen
saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis (2005 wlis 28 dekem-
bris redaqcia) me-2 nawilSi arsebuli im Canaweris ara-
konstituciurad cnobas, romlis ZaliT saxelmwifos
sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas eqvemdebareba
ganzraxi danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli an saam-
isod gamiznuli ara marto is sagani, iaraRi, nivTi da
qoneba, romelic damnaSavis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda,
aramed iseTic, romelic qmedebis Cadenisas mxolod
mis kanonier mflobelobaSi imyofeboda, vinaidan Tv-
lidnen, rom aRniSnulma Canawerma gamoiwvia maTi sa-
kuTrebis uflebis xelyofa, romelic daculia saqarT-
velos konstituciis 21-e muxliT.
kazusi, romlis gamoc mosarCeleebma mimarTes sakon-

stitucio sasamarTlos, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: maT sx-
929
vadasxva daniSnulebis saqoneli, romelTa Rirebuleba
Seadgenda 537 947 lars, Caabares erT-erT gadamzidav
firmas TurqeTSi. aRniSnulma firmam, Sesabamisi anaz-
Raurebis sanacvlod, ikisra saqonlis saqarTveloSi
gadmotanis valdebuleba. saqmis masalebidan irkveva,
rom mZRolma sazRvris gadakveTisas Caidina saqarT-
velos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 214-e muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, risTvisac xel-
vaCauris raionuli sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 20 aprilis
ganaCeniT, saqarTvelos ssk-is 52-e muxlis (2005 wlis 28
dekembris redaqcia) me-2 nawilis safuZvelze, mZRols,
saxelmwifos sasargeblod, usasyidlod CamoerTva mis
kanonier mflobelobaSi arsebuli danaSaulis sagani
_ 537 947 laris sabaJo Rirebulebis sxvadasxva dasax-
elebis saqoneli, romelic mosarCeleTa kuTvnil qone-
bas warmoadgenda. mosarCeleTa azriT, sadavo norma
ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxls,
romlis Tanaxmad, sakuTrebis CamorTmeva SesaZlebe-
lia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli aucilebeli
sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis arsebobisas da saTanado
anazRaurebiT. sadavo debulebaze dayrdnobiT, maTi
qoneba, kanonieri mflobelis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis
gamo, usasyidlod gadavida saxelmwifos sakuTre-
baSi ise, rom ar arsebobda araviTari sazogadoebrivi
aucilebloba, sxva pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisufle-
bebis dacvis interesebi da axali danaSaulis Tavidan
acilebis mizani. maTive azriT, sadavo norma konsti-
tuciis 21-e muxls ewinaaRmdegeba aseve imis gamoc, rom
qonebis CamorTmeva xdeba arabraleuli mesakuTrisaT-
vis da irRveva sasjelis individualobis principi.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 2

ivlisis #1\2\384 gadawyvetilebiT, ar daakmayofila ra
konstituciuri sarCeli, daadgina, rom saqarTvelos
930
ssk-is 52-e muxlis (2005 wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia)
me-2 nawilSi arsebuli Canaweri braldebulisa da msja-
vrdebulisaTvis maT mier danaSaulis Casadenad gamoy-
enebuli an saamisod gamiznuli im nivTis, sagnis, iara-
Risa da qonebis saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasyidlod
CamorTmevis Taobaze, romelic mxolod maT kanonier
mflobelobaSi imyofeboda da ar warmoadgenda maT
sakuTrebas, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 21-e muxls da amdenad ar arsebobs misi arakon-
stituciurad cnobis safuZveli. sakonstitucio sa-
samarTlom Tavis vrcel dasabuTebaSi ganmarta:
niSandoblivia, rom formalurad erTi da igive Sedegi
_ qonebis CamorTmeva, yovelTvis ar warmoadgens Cam-
orTmevas saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxlis me-3
punqtis mniSvnelobiT. am dros gasaTvaliswinebelia
uflebaSi Carevis mizani, Sinaarsi, forma. zogjer sa-
kuTrebis CamorTmeva uflebis SezRudvis Sedegi Sei-
Zleba iyos. araswori iqneba aseTi SemTxvevebis cal-
saxad arakonstituciurad miCneva 21-e muxlis me-3
punqtTan mimarTebiT mxolod imis gamo, rom CamorT-
meva xdeba kompensaciis gareSe. amitom sadavo normis
konstituciuroba unda Sefasdes rogorc formalur-
iuridiuli, ise materialuri kriteriumebiT. am Sem-
TxvevaSi formaluri moTxovnebi daculia, kerZod,
braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis kanonier mflobe-
lobaSi arsebuli danaSaulis sagnis, iaraRisa da dana-
Saulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva, aseTi
CamorTmevis mizani, sajaro interesi da CamorTmevis
wesi dadgenilia kanoniT (sadavo normiT). Sesabamisad,
formaluri niSnebiT sadavo norma konstituciis 21-e
muxlis me-2 punqts Seesabameba. materialuri Tvalsaz-
risiT, normis konstituciurobis SefasebisTvis ki, up-
irveles yovlisa, unda gairkves, ra aris sadavo normiT
gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvis kanonieri mizani, ramde-
nad SesaZlebelia, CaiTvalos is aucilebel sazogadoe-
931
briv saWiroebad saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e mux-
lis me-2 punqtis gagebiT da daculia Tu ara gonivruli
Tanazomiereba am mizansa da dawesebul SezRudvas So-
ris. aSkaraa, rom sadavo normis SemoRebis da, Sesabam-
isad, sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis kanonieri mizani
Tavad sadavo normaSi ikiTxeba. kerZod, es aris saxelm-
wifo da sazogadoebrivi aucilebloba, calkeul pirTa
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva, axali danaSau-
lis Tavidan acileba.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos azriT, TavisTavad me-

sakuTris braleulobis gauTvaliswineblad iseTi
qonebis CamorTmeva, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo dana-
Saulis Casadenad, dasaSvebia da aucilebelic kanonSi
dasaxelebuli miznis misaRwevad, vinaidan am gziT igi
xels uwyobs problemis droulad, myisierad da efeq-
turad gadawyvetas, mimarTulia konkretuli danaSau-
lis Semdgomi garTulebebis (axali danaSaulis Cad-
enis, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri stabilurobisTvis, aseve
normaluri samoqalaqo brunvisTvis xelis SeSlis da
sxva) Tavidan acilebisken. mocemul SemTxvevaSi sa-
jaro miznebi Zalze mniSvnelovania, amitom maTi miRw-
eva amarTlebs sakuTrebaSi Carevis aucileblobas, rac
arakonstituciurad ver iqneba miCneuli, radgan saqa-
rTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxli ar arTmevs saxelm-
wifos uflebas, miiRos da gamoiyenos iseTi kanonebi,
romliTac is aucileblad miiCnevs saerTo interesebis
Sesabamisad sakuTrebiT sargeblobis kontrolisTvis
da, maSasadame, sakuTrebisa da mflobelobis uflebis
gamarTlebuli SezRudvisTvis. igives mowmobs sxva
qveynebis sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo praqtikac,
agreTve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
praqtika ama Tu im saxelmwifos mier danaSaulis Cad-
enis gamo qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebiT, rode-
sac CamorTmeuli qonebis mesakuTre braleul kavSirSi
932
ar iyo danaSaulTan.20
sakonstitucio sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi

SeniSnavs: marTalia, rodesac saxelmwifo damnaSaves
usasyidlod arTmevs im qonebas, romlis mesakuTre sxva
piri iyo da romelic man danaSaulis Casadenad gamoiy-
ena, amiT xdeba sakmaod mtkivneuli Sexeba aRniSnuli
qonebis mesakuTris kanonier interesebTan, magram es
imas rodi niSnavs, rom igi mTlianad kargavs Tavis sa-
kuTrebiT uflebas aRniSnul qonebaze. mas rCeba sak-
maod qmediTi samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi saamisod,
raTa misTvis miyenebuli zianis kompensacia sruli
moculobiT miiRos, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, ara saxelm-
wifosgan, aramed im pirisgan, romelmac misi qoneba
danaSaulebrivi miznebiT gamoiyena da ris Sedegadac
man es qoneba dakarga. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos am
SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs saqarTvelos samoqa-
laqo kodeqsis 361-e muxlis me-2 nawili;21 394-e muxlis
pirveli nawili; 408-e muxlis pirveli nawili; 409-e, 411-
e da 414-e muxlebi, romelTa safuZvelze zemoxsenebu-
li qonebis arabraleul mesakuTres SeuZlia im piris-
gan, vinc misi qonebis gamoyenebiT danaSauli Caidina,
moiTxovos ara marto am qonebis tolfasi Rirebuleba,
aramed aseve qonebis dakargviT misTvis gamowveuli
sxva zianis sruli anazRaureba. am SemTxvevisgan sru-
liad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa maSin, rodesac damnaSave
piri TviTonvea im qonebis mesakuTre, romelic man da-
naSaulis Casadenad gamoiyena, vinaidan aseT SemTxvevaSi
20
ixileT aRniSnuli sasamarTlos 1986 wlis 24 oqtombris
gadawyvetileba saqmeze _ àgosi gaerTianebuli samefos wi-
naaRmdeg~; 1994 wlis 28 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze _
`jemsi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg~; 1995 wlis 5 maisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze èar kanada gaerTianebuli samefos
winaaRmdeg~ da sxva.
21
`parlamentis uwyebani~, #31, 24 ivlisi, 1997 w., gv.1:
933
damnaSave mTlianad kargavs yvela uflebas Tavis yo-
fil qonebaze misi usasyidlod CamorTmevisas. amasTan,
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saxelSekrulebo urTierTo-
bebSi kontrahentis SerCevisas mesakuTre yovelTvis
aris riskis matarebeli, maT Soris im riskisac, rom misi
qoneba SesaZloa danaSaulis Casadenad gamoiyenon. aseT
SemTxvevebSi kanonmdebeli afrTxilebs yvela mesa-
kuTres, rom Tu misi qoneba gaxdeba danaSaulis sagani an
iaraRi, is usasyidlod gadaecema saxelmwifos, radgan
es aucilebelia konkretuli sazogadoebrivi saWiroe-
bisaTvis, sxvaTa uflebebis dacvisaTvis, axali dana-
Saulis Tavidan asacileblad. bunebrivia, rom qonebis
dakargvis aseTi albaToba, erTi mxiv, miuTiTebs yovel
mesakuTres, ufro gulmodgined SearCios sando kon-
trahenti, miiRos zomebi SesaZlo zianis Tavidan asac-
ileblad, magaliTad, qonebis dazRveva, xelSekrulebis
pirobebis zedmiwevniT gansazRvra da a.S. Tumca xelSek-
rulebis monawilis kanonieri interesebis dacvis um-
niSvnelovanesi (universaluri) saSualeba aris zianis
anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba, rodesac am zianis Ta-
vidan acileba ver moxerxda.
ganxilul sakiTxze msjelobisas saqarTvelos sakon-

stitucio sasamarTlo sabolood midis daskvnamde,
romelic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: àmgvarad, sadavo
normiT gaTvaliswinebuli sajaro miznebi warmoadgenen
ra aucilebel sazogadoebriv saWiroebas saqarTvelos
konstituciis 21-e muxlis me-2 punqtis mniSvnelobiT,
am miznebis miRwevisaTvis sakuTrebis uflebis SezRud-
va gamarTlebulia. imavdroulad, ar xdeba sakuTrebis
uflebis gadametebuli, sajaro miznis araadekvaturi
SezRudva, radgan mesakuTre, marTalia, kargavs qone-
bas, magram inarCunebs uflebas masze. amasTan, saqarT-
velos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia ara-
934
keTilsindisieri kontrahentisgan zianis anazRaurebis
sakmarisi SesaZleblobebi~.22
ssk-is 52-e muxlis (2005 wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia)

Taobaze, msjelobisas ar SeiZleba mxedvelobidan iqnes
gamorCenili kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi. ro-
gorc zemoT aRiniSna, am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad,
danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli sagnis, iaraRis,
nivTisa Tu sxva qonebis saxelmwifos sasargeblod Cam-
orTmeva dasaSvebia, Tu igi danaSaulis Camdeni bral-
debulisa da msjavrdebulis sakuTrebas warmoadgens
an am ukanasknelTa kanonier mflobelobaSi imyofeba.
imis gansazRvra, Tu ra igulisxmeba samarTlebrivad
sakuTrebis qveS, raime gansakuTrebul sirTuleebTan
ar aris dakavSirebuli, ris gamoc masze saubars aRar
gavagrZelebT, magram aucilebelia imis ganmarteba sa-
samarTlom ra konkretuli samarTlebrivi kriteriume-
biT unda gansazRvros _ danaSaulis Casadenad gamoy-
enebul anda saamisod gamiznul nivTze, saganze, iara-
Rze an sxva qonebaze namdvilad arsebobs Tu ara dana-
Saulis Camdeni braldebulis an msjavrdebulis kanon-
ieri mflobeloba, ris gareSec misi CamorTmeva SeuZle-
belia. aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom
unda ixelmZRvanelos saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kod-
eqsis 155-e muxlSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi
normebiT, romlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs mflo-
belobis arss. amasTanave, aRniSnuli muxlis me-2 nawili
mflobelobisgan mkafiod mijnavs iseT SemTxvevas,
rodesac piri, marTalia, fizikurad dauflebulia
nivTs am nivTis mesakuTris an kanonieri mflobelis
nebiT, e.i. faqtobrivad batonobs nivTze, magram nivTis
22
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 2 iv-
lisis #1\2\384 gadawyvetileba. ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmde-
blo macne~, IV, #35 10.07.2007 w., gv. 1-17.
935
aseTi fizikuri pyroba, Tanaxmad aRniSnuli kanonisa,
ar niSnavs nivTis mflobelobas samarTlebrivi azriT.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 155-e muxlis me-2
nawili (1997 wlis 26 Tebervlis redaqcia) adgens:
`mflobelad ar iTvleba is piri, romelic, Tumca axor-

cielebs faqtobriv batonobas nivTze, magram sxva piris
sasargeblod, da romelsac nivTis flobis uflebam-
osileba miRebuli aqvs am pirisagan. mflobelad miiC-
neva mxolod uflebamosilebis mimniWebeli piri~.
maSasadame, rodesac nivTi, sagani an qoneba mesakuTris-

gan, am ukanasknelis mier gamovlenili namdvili da Ta-
visufali nebis safuZvelze, gadacemuli aqvs sxva pirs
da amis Sedegad aRniSnuli nivTi an qoneba imyofeba am
piris faqtobrivi batonobis qveS nivTis mesakuTris in-
teresebis sasargeblod (da ara Tavisi interesebis sa-
sargeblod), xsenebul nivTTan da qonebasTan mimarTe-
baSi raime moqmedebis Sesasruleblad an saqmianobis
gansaxorcieleblad, aseT SemTxvevaSi nivTisa Tu
qonebis faqtobrivi mpyrobeli ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
mis mflobelad, Tundac rom es nivTi an qoneba mas ga-
dacemuli hqondes kanonier safuZvelze. magaliTad,
mesaaTe an sxva dargis xelosani ver CaiTvleba masTan
droebiT, SekeTebis mizniT, mesakuTris mier datovebu-
li saaTis, avtomanqanis, mobiluri telefonis aparatis
an sxva qonebis kanonier mflobelad; aseve, mesakuTris
mier, misTvis sasargeblo mizniT, sxva fizikuri an iu-
ridiuli pirisTvis droebiT nivTis an qonebis gadacema
an mindoba ar warmoSobs im piris kanonier mflobelo-
bas aRniSnul nivTze an qonebaze, visac is gadaeca anda
miabares. magaliTad, tvirTebis gadamzidavi kompaniis
mZRoli, romelsac mesakuTris nebiT gadaeca qoneba
erTi dasaxlebuli punqtidan meore dasaxlebul pun-
qtSi daniSnul misamarTze gadasazidad, am qonebis faq-
936
tobrivi pyrobis periodSi ar warmoadgens mis kanonier
mflobels. Sesabamisad amisa, Tuki aseTi piri mis mier
sxvisi nivTisa Tu qonebis faqtobrivi pyrobis period-
Si am nivTis an qonebis gamoyenebiT Caidens raime ganz-
rax danaSauls, am SemTxvevaSi aseTi nivTis an qonebis,
rogorc danaSaulis sagnis, saxelmwifos sasargeblod
usasyidlod CamorTmeva dauSvebelia, aramed igi unda
daubrundes mis mesakuTres an kanonier mflobels,
xolo Tu mesakuTre an kanonieri mflobeli ver iqna
moZiebuli da dadgenili, mxolod maSin SeiZleba aRniS-
nuli nivTis Tu qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema.
swored amgvarad unda iqnes gagebuli saqarTvelos
ssk-is 52-e muxlSi moxseniebuli braldebulisa da ms-
javrdebulis kanonier mflobelobaSi nivTis (qonebis)
arsebobis Sinaarsi, romelic mTlianad unda Seesabam-
ebodes saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobas, iseve
rogorc imave sisxlissamarTlebrivi normis dispozi-
ciaSi miTiTebuli braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis
sakuTrebaSi nivTis (qonebis) arsebobis Sinaarsi mTli-
anad unda efuZnebodes saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanon-
mdeblobiT gansazRvrul kriteriumebs. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, e.i. Tuki sisxlis samarTali, Tavisi mizne-
bidan gamomdinare, Secvlis da Taviseburad ganmartavs
sakuTrebis ganmsazRvrel kriteriumebs, maSin es gamoi-
wvevs srul areulobas mocemul sakiTxSi, rac seriozul
safrTxes Seuqmnis sakuTrebis konstituciur ufle-
bas. sruliad naTelia, rom, Tuki dauSvebelia sisxlis
samarTalma TviTneburad Secvalos da ganmartos sa-
kuTrebis is kriteriumebi, rac gansazRvrulia samoqa-
laqo kanonmdeblobiT, maSin aseve dauSvebelia sisxlis
samarTalma TviTneburad ganmartos, Tundac keTili
miznebis misaRwevad, nivTis kanonieri mflobelobis is
kriteriumebi, rac gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos samo-
qalaqo kanonmdeblobiT, vinaidan sakuTrebis uflebisa
da kanonieri mflobelobis uflebis dacvisadmi, ro-
937
gorc erTi rigis samarTlebrivi kategoriebis mimarT
radikalurad gansxvavebuli midgoma, mTlianad da ar-
sebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis erT-erTi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani da sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebis
Seuvalobas, rac deklarirebuli da garantirebulia
saqarTvelos konstituciiT da reglamentirebulia
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT.
2005 wlis 28 dekembers saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsSi Setanili cvlilebebiT ara mxolod 52-e
muxli Camoyalibda axali redaqciiT, romliTac sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi damkvidrda qonebis
CamorTmevis axali instituti, aramed am institutis
Semotanam Tavisi gamoZaxili hpova aRniSnuli kodeqsis
rogorc zogadi nawilis, ise kerZo nawilis sxva mux-
lebSic. saxeldobr, saqarTvelos ssk-is 72-e muxlis
pirvel nawilSi, romliTac gansazRvrulia zogierTi
saxis ZiriTadi sasjelisgan vadamde pirobiT gaTavi-
suflebis safuZveli da farglebi, aRniSnulia, rom am
dros msjavrdebuli ZiriTad sasjelTan erTad SeiZle-
ba mTlianad an nawilobriv gaTavisufldes sasjelis
moxdisgan. Sedegad ki gakeTda daTqma, romlis ZaliT
miTiTebul SemTxvevebSi damatebiTi sasjelisgan gaTa-
visufleba ar vrceldeba qonebis CamorTmevaze.
analogiurad saqarTvelos ssk-is 73-e muxlis pirvel

nawilSi, romelic gansazRvravs Tavisuflebis aRkve-
TiT msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis
ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvlisa da paralelu-
rad mTlianad an nawilobriv damatebiTi sasjelis mox-
disgan misi gaTavisuflebis pirobebs, zemoaRniSnuli
sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Sedegad gakeTda daTqma,
romlis ZaliT damatebiTi sasjelisagan gaTavisufle-
ba ar vrceldeba qonebis CamorTmevaze.
aseve, saqarTvelos ssk-is 74-e muxls, romelic adgens

938
sasamarTlos mier avadmyofobis an xandazmulobis asa-
kis gamo msjavrdebulis sasjelis moxdisgan gaTavisu-
flebis pirobebs, ganxiluli sakanonmdeblo cvlile-
bebis Sedegad daemata me-6 nawili, romelSic aRiniSna,
rom sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebis am muxliT dadgenili
safuZvlebi ar vrceldeba iseT sasjelze, rogoricaa
qonebis CamorTmeva.
ganxiluli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi imaze miuTiTebs,

rom Tuki sasamarTlos ganaCeniT, msjavrdebuls dam-
atebiT sasjelad Seefarda ssk-is 52-e muxliT ( 2005
wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia) gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis
CamorTmeva, SemdgomSi ar daiSveba am sasjelisagan ms-
javrdebulis gaTavisufleba, gansxvavebiT sxva ZiriTa-
di da damatebiTi sasjelebisgan. rogorc zemoT aRin-
iSna, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, rom garkveul pirobeb-
Si ganaCeniT msjavrdebuls ar Seufardos damatebiTi
sasjeli qonebis CamorTmevis saxiT (igulisxmeba dana-
Saulis sagnis, iaraRisa da saSualebebis, agreTve dana-
Saulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva da ara
danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis CamorTmeva,
romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi iniSneba sasamarTlos mier
damatebiT sasjelad).
rogorc zemoT iTqva, 2005 wlis 28 dekembris sakanon-

mdeblo cvlilebebi Seexo saqarTvelos sisxlis samar-
Tlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis zogierT muxlsac. mxed-
velobaSi gvaqvs aRniSnuli kodeqsis ssk-is 214-e, 344-e
da 377-e muxlebi. kerZod, ssk-is 214-e muxlidan, romli-
Tac dawesebulia pasuxismgebloba sabaJo wesebis dar-
RvevisTvis, amoRebul iqna am muxlis SeniSvnis me-2 pun-
qti, romelic iTvaliswinebda aRniSnuli danaSaulisT-
vis sasjelTan erTad sisxlissamarTlebrivi iZulebiTi
RonisZiebebis saxiT danaSaulis sagnisa da saSualebis
939
CamorTmevas.23 aseve, ssk-is 344-e muxlidan, romelic
awesebs pasuxismgeblobas saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTisTvis, amoRebul iqna am
muxlis SeniSvnis me-2 punqti, romelic iTvaliswinebda
aRniSnuli danaSaulisTvis sasjelTan erTad sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi iZulebis RonisZiebis saxiT danaSaulis
sagnisa da saSualebis CamorTmevas.24
garda amisa, 2005 wlis 28 dekembris sakanonmdeblo cvl-

ilebebis Sedegad saqarTvelos ssk-is 377-e muxlis me-2
nawili, romliTac winaT dawesebuli iyo pasuxismge-
bloba kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCenSi
miTiTebuli saproceso konfiskacias daqvemdebarebu-
li qonebis damalvisTvis (ssk-is 377-e muxlis 1999 wlis
22 ivlisis redaqcia), Camoyalibda axali redaqciiT,
romelSic ganisazRvra pasuxismgebloba CamorTmevas
daqvemdebarebuli qonebis damalvisTvis, kerZod, am
danaSaulis CadenisTvis sasjelis zomad dadginda Ta-
visuflebis aRkveTa vadiT oridan xuT wlamde.25
amgvari cvlilebebi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 214-

e, 344-e da 377-e muxlebSi savsebiT gasagebia, radgan
isini warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis zogad
nawilSi, kerZod ki me-40, 41-e da 52-e muxlebSi Setanili
im cvlilebebis logikur gagrZelebas, romlebic ze-
moT ganvixileT, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom qonebis Cam-
orTmeva ukve damatebiTi sasjelia, romelic kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli saTanado safuZvlisa da pirobebis
arsebobisas, SeiZleba dainiSnos yvela ganzraxi dana-
23
ssk-is 214-e muxlis 2000 wlis 5 maisis redaqcia, ix. `saqarT-
velos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2000 w., #18, mux. 45-e.
24
ssk-is 344-e muxlis 2002 wlis 4 ivlisis redaqcia, ix. `saqa-
rTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2002 w., #23, mux. 113-e.
25
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 18.01.2006 w., mux.
90-e.
940
SaulisTvis da ara mxolod calkeuli danaSaulisTvis.
amiT vamTavrebT saubars saqarTvelos materialuri

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi qonebis CamorT-
mevis institutis arsze da daniSnulebaze, misi gamoy-
enebis safuZvlebsa da farglebze, ris Semdegac unda
ganvixiloT Tu rogor iyo warmodgenili aRniSnuli in-
stituti saqarTvelos 2010 wlis 1 oqtombramde moqmed
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi.
qonebis CamorTmevis institutTan dakavSirebiT

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi ganx-
orcielebulma cvlilebebma Sesabamisi asaxva hpova im
droisTvis moqmed saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsSic. zemoT aRiniSna, rom winaT erTmane-
Tis paralelurad da erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobasa da sisxlis samarT-
lis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi funqcionirebda erT-
maneTis msgavsi institutebi _ sisxlis samarTlebrivi
iZulebis RonisZieba danaSaulis sagnis an saSualebis
usasyidlod CamorTmevis saxiT da saproceso konfiska-
cia danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis usasyidlod CamorT-
mevis saxiT. orive SemTxvevaSi danaSaulis iaraRisa da
sagnis usasyidlo CamorTmeva saxelmwifo biujetisT-
vis gadacemiT xdeboda mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tuki
maT raime materialuri Rirebuleba gaaCndaT, xolo Tu
maT aseTi Rirebuleba ar gaaCndaT, maSin isini rogorc
saqmeze arsebuli nivTmtkicebebi, eqvemdebarebodnen
ganadgurebas saamisod dadgenili wesebis dacviT.
2005 wlis 28 dekembers saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-

lis saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamis muxlebSi Setanili
941
cvlilebebis26 Sedegad arsebiTad Seicvala viTareba
im TvalsazrisiT, rom amjerad is saproceso normebi,
romlebic Seexebodnen danaSaulis sagnis, iaraRisa da
saSualebis CamorTmevas, realurad warmoadgendnen
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxlis pirvel da me-2
nawilebSi Camoyalibebuli normebis praqtikuli real-
izaciis saproceso saSualebebs, rogorc es xdeba mate-
rialuri sisxlis samarTlisa da saproceso samarTlis
normebs Soris Cveulebrivi urTierTdamokidebulebis
sxva SemTxvevaSi. amaze miuTiTebs Tundac aRniSnuli
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 44-e muxlSi Se-
tanili cvlilebebi, romlis ZaliT am muxlidan amoRe-
bul iqna 48-e nawili, romelic iTvaliswinebda sap-
roceso konfiskacias, xolo imave muxlis 49-e nawili
Camoyalibda axali redaqciiT _ blanketuri normis
saxiT, romelSic miTiTebuli iyo: `qonebis CamorTmeva
_ rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxliT.~ es imas niSnavda, rom
amjerad saproceso kodeqsi qonebis CamorTmevis arsis
gansazRvrisas xelmZRvanelobda sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Sesabamisi normebiT da ar qmnida mis gansxvave-
bul cnebas damoukidebeli saproceso mniSvnelobiT.
amitomac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis im
sxva Sesabamis normebSi Setanili cvlilebebis Sinaar-
sic, romlebic Seexebodnen danaSaulis sagnisa da iara-
Ris, agreTve danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis
usasyidlod CamorTmevas, TanxmobaSi iyo saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxlis pirvel da me-2
nawilSi mocemul debulebebTan.
am mxriv sainteresoa aRniSnuli sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kodeqsis 124-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebi.
26
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne,~ #4, 18.01.2006
w., mux. 40.
942
es muxli gansazRvravda Tu ra gadawyvetilebebi unda
yofiliyo miRebuli nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Taobaze
saqmis warmoebis damTavrebis dros. am muxlis pirveli
nawilis à~ qvepunqtis axali redaqcia adgenda: à) Tu
CamorTmevas daqvemdebarebul danaSaulis sagans an/da
iaraRs an danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznul nivTs Rireb-
uleba ara aqvs, igi nadgurdeba, xolo Tu mas aqvs Rire-
buleba, igi usasyidlod gadaecema saxelmwifos.~
aRniSnuli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravda winaswari

gamoZiebis stadiaze amave muxlis pirveli nawilis à~
qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli, CamorTmevas daqvemdebarebuli
obieqtebis ganadgurebisa Tu saxelmwifosTvis usasy-
idlod gadacemis saproceso wesebs, romlebic mdgo-
mareobda SemdegSi: `winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da winaswari gamoZiebis
Sewyvetisas materialuri Rirebulebis mqone nivTieri
mtkicebulebis ganadgureba, CamorTmeva da gadacema
xdeba mxolod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZvelze.
am sakiTxs mosamarTle ganixilavs yvela dainterese-
buli piris monawileobiT, im cnobisa da sxva dokument-
ebis safuZvelze, romlebic gamomZiebelma waradgina.~
aRniSnul debulebaSi mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom

im danaSaulis sagnisa da iaraRis, aseve danaSaulis Casa-
denad gamiznuli nivTisa Tu sxva qonebis usasyidlod
CamorTmeva da saxelmwifosTvis gadacema, romlebsac
gaaCniaT nivTmtkicebis statusi, winaswari gamoZiebis
stadiazec xorcieldeboda sasamarTlo wesiT, rac sa-
Tanado garantias warmoadgenda saimisod, raTa daculi
yofiliyo im pirTa uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi
romelTac unda CamorTmeodaT dasaxelebuli sagnebi,
iaraRebi, nivTebi Tu sxva qoneba. amasTan erTad, gasaT-
valiswinebelia is garemoebac, rom winaswari gamoZie-
943
bis stadiaze, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis
dros gamomZiebels danaSaulis sagnis, iaraRisa Tu sxva
nivTisa da qonebis CamosarTmevad sasamarTlosTvis
devnis an gamoZiebis Sewyvetis dadgenilebasTan erTad
unda waredgina sxva dokumentebic, romlebiTac unda
dadasturebuliyo, rom CamorTmevas dasaqvemdebare-
beli obieqti namdvilad warmoadgenda danaSaulis sa-
gans, iaraRsa Tu saSualebas, anda danaSaulis Casadenad
gamiznul nivTs an sxva qonebas; misi CamorTmeva aucile-
beli iyo saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi an konkretuli
fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris uflebebisa da Tavisu-
flebebis dacvis interesebis arsebobis gamo, anda axali
danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, vinaidan sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenilia
savaldebulo moTxovna. amasTan, aRniSnuli sakiTxis
sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileoba unda mieRebinebi-
naT yvela im pirisTvis, vis interesebsac SeiZleba Sex-
eboda sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 124-e muxlis

me-4 nawili (2005 wlis 28 dekembris redaqcia) adgenda,
rom im qonebis gafuWebis, ganadgurebis an dakargvis
SemTxvevaSi, romelic eqvemdebareboda CamorTmevas,
mis mesakuTres an mflobels kompensacia ar miecemoda.
aq gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom sakiTxs imis
Sesaxeb Sesabamisi qoneba eqvemdebareboda Tu ara Cam-
orTmevas, sabolood iRebda sasamarTlo. amitom aRniS-
nuli saproceso normis dadgenileba kompensaciaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ver gavrceldeboda iseTi qonebis
gafuWebis, ganadgurebis an dakargvis SemTxvevaze, rom-
lis mimarT jer kidev ar arsebobda sasamarTlos gad-
awyvetileba, rom igi eqvemdebareboda usasyidlo Cam-
orTmevas.
944
sayuradReboa aseve is cvlileba, romelic Sevida xseneb-
uli redaqciis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
190-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, romlis mixedviT qonebis
SesaZlo CamorTmevis uzrunvelsayofad sasamarTlos
SeeZlo yadaRa daedo eWvmitanilis, braldebulis an
gansasjelis, misi moqmedebisTvis materialurad pasux-
ismgebeli piris an/da dakavSirebuli piris qonebaze,
maT Soris, sabanko angariSebze, Tu arsebobda monace-
mebi, rom qonebas gadamalaven an daxarjaven, an/da rom
qoneba danaSaulebrivi gziT iyo mopovebuli. am nawil-
Si miTiTebuli pirobebis arsebobisas, Tu eWvmitani-
li, braldebuli an gansasjeli Tanamdebobis piri iyo,
prokurori valdebuli iyo sasamarTlos winaSe aReZra
Suamdgomloba Tanamdebobis piris mier saxelmwifos
saxeliT dadebuli xelSekrulebebiT nakisri valdeb-
ulebebis Sesrulebis SeCerebis Taobaze. es saproceso
norma warmoadgenda garkveul garantias imisTvis, rom
saWiroebisa da kanonSi miTiTebuli aucileblobis Sem-
TxvevaSi uzrunvelyofili iqneboda im qonebis realu-
rad amoReba da usasyidlod saxelmwifosTvis gadace-
ma, romelic gamoyenebuli iyo danaSaulis Casadenad an
saamisod iyo gamiznuli an/da danaSaulebrivi gziT iyo
mopovebuli.
garda ganxiluli muxlebisa, 2005 wlis 25 dekembris ka-

noniT cvlilebebi iqna Setanili agreTve saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 410-e, 412-e,
424-e, 427-e, 498-e, 509-e da 511-e muxlebSi im sakiTxebis
Taobaze, romlebic Seexebodnen prokuroris mier sa-
braldebo daskvnis Sedgenisas, aseve sasamarTlos mier
gamamtyunebeli da gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis dadgeni-
sas qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebiT misaReb gadaw-
yvetilebebs, romlebsac detalurad aRar ganvixilavT,
vinaidan es sakiTxebic wydeboda aRniSnul saproceso
stadiebze gadasawyvet sxva sakiTxebis msgavsad.
945
aseTi saxiT iyo warmodgenili qonebis CamorTmevasTan
dakavSirebiT 2005 wlis 28 dekembridan moqmedi sapro-
ceso normebi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsSi (1998 wlis 20 Tebervlis redaqcia Semd-
gomi cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT), xolo 2010 wlis 1
oqtombridan ki amoqmedda saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi,27 romelic sruliad sx-
vagvarad wyvets danaSaulis sagnisa da iaraRis CamorT-
mevasTan dakavSirebul saproceso sakiTxebs.
2.2 qonebis CamorTmeva da saproceso konfiskacia

saqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobaSi
saqarTvelos axalma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsma,28 romelic amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1 oqtomb-
ridan, qonebis CamorTmevis institutTan erTad Semoi-
tana, ufro swori iqneba Tu vityviT, rom daabruna sap-
roceso konfiskaciis instituti, romelic winamorbedi
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan29 amoRebul
iqna masSi 2005 wlis 28 dekembers Setanili cvlilebebis
Sedegad30, Tumca amJamad, axali saproceso kodeqsis
mixedviT, saproceso konfiskacia xorcieldeba gansx-
vavebuli wesebiT.
saproceso konfiskacia saqarTvelos axal sisxlis sa-
27
2009 wlis 9 oqtombris redaqcia. ix. `saqarTvelos sakanon-
mdeblo macne~, I, #31, 03.11.2009 w., mux. 190-e.
28
2009 wlis 9 oqtombris redaqcia. `saqarTvelos sakanon-
mdeblo macne~, I, #31, 03.11.2009, mux. 190-e.
29
1998 wlis 20 Tebervlis redaqcia. `parlamentis uwyebani~,
#13-14, 08.04.1998, gv. 31.
30
ix. `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~, I, 2006 w., #4.
946
marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Tavdapirvelad moxse-
niebulia 81-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ qvepunqtsa
da amave muxlis me-3 nawilSi. aRniSnuli muxli gan-
sazRvravs Tu ra gadawyvetileba unda iqnes miRebuli
nivTieri mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis
procesis damTavrebisas. kerZod, am muxlis pirveli
nawilis preambulasa da à~ qvepunqtSi aRniSnulia, rom
ganaCenSi, agreTve sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis an/da
gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebaSi nivTieri
mtkicebulebis sakiTxi Semdegnairad unda gadawydes _
Tu danaSaulis iaraRis an sagans aqvs raime Rirebuleba,
xdeba misi saproceso konfiskacia (Tuki Rirebuleba
ara aqvs, imave normiT dgindeba misi ganadgureba), xolo
aRniSnuli muxlis me-3 nawili ki adgens, rom saproceso
konfiskaciis qvemdebare nivTieri mtkicebulebis ga-
fuWebis, dakargvis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi, mis me-
sakuTres an mflobels kompensacia ar miecema.
amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom axal saproceso kodeqsSi

arsad ar aris ganmartebuli, Tu ras niSnavs danaSaulis
sagnisa da iaraRis saproceso konfiskacia, rac, erT-
gvarad, gaurkvevels Tu ara, Znelad gasagebs mainc xdis
am saproceso institutis mimarTebas saqarTvelos moq-
medi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxlSi (2005 wlis
28 dekembris redaqcia) moxseniebul danaSaulis sagni-
sa da iaraRis, aseve danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli
nivTis saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasyidlo CamorT-
mevasTan, romelic ganixileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi
sasjelis iseT saxed, rogoricaa qonebis CamorTmeva.
amgvari dualizmis Sedegad Cndeba jerjerobiT pa-
suxgaucemeli problematuri kiTxva _ ras warmoadgens
danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis konfiskacia Tu CamorT-
meva _ materialuri sisxlis samarTlis RonisZiebas
(sasjels), Tu saproceso samarTlebriv RonisZiebas. am
947
problemis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom erTi da igive
RonisZieba ar SeiZleba erTdroulad warmoadgendes
materialur _ samarTlebriv instituts (sasjels)
da saproceso samarTlebriv institutsac, vinaidan am
ukanasknelT gansxvavebuli daniSnulebebi gaaCniaT
da maTi gamoyenebac gansxvavebuli wesebiT xdeba. mag-
aliTad, danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis CamorTmevis,
rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis RonisZiebis
gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod kanonier ZalaSi Se-
suli gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze, es maSin,
rodesac igive danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis sapro-
ceso konfiskaciis, rogorc saproceso samarTlebrivi
RonisZiebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia gamamtyunebeli
ganaCenis gareSec _ winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas.
amasTan, pirvel SemTxvevaSi am RonisZiebis gamoyenebis
mizans upiratesad warmoadgens damnaSavis dasja, xolo
meore SemTxvevaSi ki, ZiriTadad axali danaSaulis Ta-
vidan acileba.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom axali sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miRebis paralelu-
rad unda Sesuliyo saTanado cvlilebebi saqarTvelos
moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 52-e muxlSi da es
ukanaskneli yofiliyo SesabamisobaSi moyvanili axali
saproceso kodeqsis 81-e muxlTan, raTa praqtikaSi Ta-
vidan iqnes acilebuli mosalodneli sirTuleebi, rac
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom am kanoniT SeuZlebelia imis
garkveva _ damnaSavisgan amoRebuli danaSaulis iara-
Ris an sagnis mimarT unda ganxorcieldes saproceso
konfiskacia, Tu unda moxdes sasamarTlos gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeniT sasjelis saxiTY aRniSnuli nivTebis Cam-
orTmeva. mocemul sakiTxSi gaurkvevlobis warmoqmnas,
cxadia, xels uwyobs is garemoebac, rom axal saproceso
kodeqsSi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ar aris ganmartebuli
948
danaSaulis iaraRisa da sagnis saproceso konfiskaci-
is arsi. sasurveli da mizanSewonili iyo, rom amgvari
ganmarteba gakeTebuli yofiliyo axali saproceso
kodeqsis me-3 muxlSi, sadac mocemulia im ZiriTad ter-
minTa ganmartebebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba am kodeqsis
miznebisTvis.
garda amisa, xazi unda gaesvas kidev erT garemoebas,

rac ukavSirdeba winaT moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsis 124-e muxlsa da axali sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kodeqsis 81-e muxlis ganmasxvavebel
erT mniSvnelovan aspeqts. Zveli kodeqsis 124-e mux-
lic da axali kodeqsis 81-e muxlic Seexeba saproceso
gadawyvetilebas nivTieri mtkicebulebis bedis Ses-
axeb sisxlis samarTlis procesis damTavrebisas, maT
Soris winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas. rogorc zemo-
Tac iyo aRniSnuli, winaT moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 124-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad
winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas materialuri Rireb-
ulebis mqone nivTieri mtkicebulebis (romelSic aseve
moiazreboda danaSaulis iaraRi da sagani) CamorTmeva
xdeboda mxolod mosamarTlis dadgenilebis safuZ-
velze, xolo am sakiTxs mosamarTle ganixilavda yvela
dainteresebuli piris monawileobiT, im dokumentebis
safuZvelze, romlebic gamomZiebels unda waredgina
sasamarTlosTvis. axali saproceso kodeqsis 81-e mux-
li ki msgavs daTqmas aRar Seicavs, rac imaze miuTiTebs,
rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da winaswari
gamoZiebis Sewyvetisas saproceso konfiskaciaze sa-
samarTlo kontroli aRar arsebobs, miT umetes, Tu
imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom axali saproceso kodeq-
sis mixedviT ar aris daSvebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnisa da winaswari gamoZiebis Sewyvetis dadgenilebis
sasamarTloSi gasaCivreba.
949
saqarTvelos axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsSi, garda 81-e muxlisa, arsebobs sxva normebic, rom-
lebic exebian qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebs, magram isini ZiriTadad reglamentacias
ukeTeben saqmis warmoebis dros qonebis CamorTmevis
realizaciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, rac friad
mniSvnelovania im pirisTvis, visac es qoneba unda Camo-
erTvas. magaliTad, axali saproceso kodeqsis 151-e
muxlis pirvel nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom qonebis Sesa-
Zlo CamorTmevis uzrunvelsayofad sasamarTlos Seu-
Zlia mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze yadaRa daados
braldebulis, misi moqmedebisTvis materialurad pa-
suxismgebeli piris an/da masTan dakavSirebuli piris
qonebas, maT Soris, sabanko angariSebs, Tu arsebobs
monacemebi, rom qonebas gadamalaven an daxarjaven an/
da qoneba danaSaulebrivi gziT aris mopovebuli. Tu
arsebobs monacemebi, rom qoneba danaSaulebrivi gziT
aris mopovebuli, magram misi moZieba ver xerxdeba, sa-
samarTlo uflebamosilia yadaRa daados am qonebis
ekvivalenturi Rirebulebis qonebas. am nawilSi miTiTe-
buli pirobebis arsebobisas, Tu braldebuli Tanamde-
bobis piria, prokurori valdebulia sasamarTlos wi-
naSe daayenos Suamdgomloba Tanamdebobis piris qone-
baze, maT Soris, sabanko angariSebze, yadaRis dadebis,
agreTve Tanamdebobis piris mier saxelmwifos saxeliT
dadebuli xelSekrulebebiT nakisri valdebulebebis
Sesrulebis SeCerebis Taobaze.
imave muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, qonebas yadaRa ede-

ba aseve im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki miCneulia, rom es qoneba
gamoyenebuli iqneba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli, terorizmis xelSemwyo-
950
bi romelime danaSaulis Casadenad. aq mxedvelobaSia
saqarTvelos ssk-is 323-e-330-e da 3311 muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSaulebi, xolo saproceso kodeqsis
aRniSnuli muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia aseve yadaRa daados qonebas, Tu arsebobs sak-
marisi monacemebi, rom igi korufciuli, reketuli
an qurduli samyaros wevris an saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 194-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „g` qve-
punqtiT msjavrdebuli piris qonebaa an/da am qonebis
mimarT Cadenilia danaSauli an/da igi danaSaulebrivi
gziT aris mopovebuli.
axali saproceso kodeqsis 155-e muxli ki gansazRvravs

gadaudebeli aucileblobisas prokuroris mier Tavisi
dadgenilebiT qonebaze yadaRis dadebisa da am proce-
duraze sasamarTlo kontrolis wesebs, romlis mixed-
viT gadaudebeli aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu arse-
bobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom qonebas gadamalaven
an gaanadgureben, prokurors ufleba aqvs, gamoitanos
dasabuTebuli dadgenileba qonebaze yadaRis dadebis
Sesaxeb.
aseTi gadaudebeli aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, qone-

baze yadaRis dadebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis aRsrulebi-
dan 12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (xolo Tu am vadis amowurva
emTxveva arasamuSao dros, maSin am drois gasvlidan
araugvianes 1 saaTisa), prokurorma yadaRis dadebis
Taobaze unda Seatyobinos gamoZiebis adgilis mixed-
viT sasamarTlos an sasamarTlos, romlis samoqmedo
teritoriazedac Catarda saproceso moqmedeba, unda
warudginos mas Suamdgomloba yadaRis kanonierebis
Semowmebis Sesaxeb da unda gadasces sisxlis samarT-
951
lis saqmis masalebi (an maTi aslebi), romlebic asab-
uTebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebis gadaudeblad Catarebis
aucileblobas. sasamarTlo, masalebis Sesvlidan ara
ugvianes 24 saaTisa, zepiri mosmenis gareSe wyvets Sua-
mdgomlobas. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Suamdgom-
loba ganixilos prokurorisa da im piris monawileo-
biT, romlis mimarTac Catarda sagamoZiebo moqmedeba,
amasTan, imave kodeqsis 156-e muxlis Sesabamisad, sa-
samarTlos ganCineba qonebaze yadaRis dadebis Sesaxeb
saCivrdeba am kodeqsis 207-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesebis dacviT.
rac Seexeba axali saproceso kodeqsis sxva muxlebs, mx-

olod 274-e da 276-e muxlebSi ixsenieba saproceso kon-
fiskacia, kerZod, maTSi aRniSnulia, rom gamamtyunebe-
li da gamamarTlebeli ganaCenebis sarezolucio nawi-
lebSi, sxva ZiriTad sakiTxebTan erTad, gadawyvetil
unda iqnes aseve qonebis CamorTmevisa da saproceso
konfiskaciis sakiTxebi.
amrigad, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia: imisaTvis, rom erT-

maneTisagan mkafiod iyos gamijnuli sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi sasjeli da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
RonisZieba, rogorc mkveTrad gansxvavebuli samar-
Tlebrivi funqciis matarebeli institutebi, maT So-
ris danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli nivTebis, sagnebisa
da qonebis sakiTxSic, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 52-e muxlidan saerTod amoRebul unda iqnes
danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli iseTi iaraRis, saSualebis,
sxva sagnisa Tu danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli
qonebis an danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli qonebis Cam-
orTmeva, romelic, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmde-
952
blobis mixedviT ar warmoadgens damnaSavis sakuTrebis
an kanonieri mflobelobis obieqts. es sakiTxebi mTli-
anad unda gadavides da daregulirdes saqarTvelos
axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi, e.i. aRniS-
nuli nivTis (qonebis) amgvari CamorTmeva mTlianad unda
gadaiqces saproceso institutad, radgan SeuZlebelia
sasjelad miviCnioT iseTi qonebis CamorTmeva, rac da-
naSaulis Cadenis gziTaa mopovebuli da romel qone-
bazec damnaSaves verasodes warmoeSoba sakuTrebis an
kanonieri flobis ufleba, miTumetes, es ufro iTqmis
danaSaulis iaraRsa da saSualebaze, amitom maTi Cam-
orTmeva unda xorcieldebodes mxolod wminda sapro-
ceso gziT, amasTan, sasurvelia, garkveuli sasamarTlo
kontroliT, rogorc es iyo dawesebuli winaT moqmedi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
124-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT.
amave dros, saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis 52-e muxli unda Camoyalibdes axali redaq-
ciiT, romelic damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT gaiTval-
iswinebs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Se-
sabamisad damnaSavis sakuTrebaSi an kanonier mflob-
elobaSi arsebuli iseTi nivTis (qonebis) saxelmwifos
sasargeblod usasyidlod CamorTmevas, rac mis mier
gamoyenebuli an gamiznuli iyo danaSaulis Casadenad:
`muxli 52. danaSaulis iaraRis, saSualebis an dana-

Saulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva.
1. danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli iaraRis an/da

saSualebis an/da danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli
nivTis CamorTmeva niSnavs msjavrdebulisTvis saqa-
953
rTvelos samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad
mis sakuTrebaSi an kanonier mflobelobaSi arse-
buli aseTi iaraRis, saSualebis an nivTis (qonebis)
saxelmwifos sasargeblod usasyidlo CamorTmevas.
2. danaSaulis iaraRis an/da saSualebis, rogorc da-
naSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli nivTis, aseve da-
naSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli nivTis CamorTmeva,
xdeba sasamarTlos mier gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
an sxva Semajamebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze yvela ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis im Sem-
TxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea danaSaulis Casadenad
gamoyenebuli an gamiznuli nivTi (qoneba) da misi
CamorTmeva aucilebelia axali danaSaulis Cadenis
Tavidan asacileblad an calkeuli piris uflebisa
Tu Tavisuflebis, anda misi kanonieri interesis da-
sacavad~.
§ 3. qonebis CamorTmevis instituti saqarTvelos

moqmedi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT
2007 wlis ivlisamde qonebis CamorTmevis instituti

paralelurad arsebobda saqarTvelos administraci-
ul saproceso kodeqsSi VII2 Tavis saxiT, 2004 wlis 13
Tebervlis kanonis safuZvelze, romelSic, rogorc
zemoT aRiniSna, gansazRvruli iyo Tanamdebobis pirTa
ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTmevisa da
saxelmwifosTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT gansax-
orcielebeli administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis
mareglamentirebeli normebi31 da saqarTvelos samoqa-
laqo saproceso kodeqsSi, masSi damatebuli XLIV1 Tavis
saxiT _ „warmoeba reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da
31
ix. ssm, I, 2004 w., #6 mux. 29-e.
954
saxelmwifosTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT~.32 mogvi-
anebiT samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis aRniSnuli Ta-
vis Sinaarsi Seivso da igi ukve aregulirebda aramarto
reketuli qonebis, aramed aseve kanonieri qurdebisa da
qurduli samyaros wevrTa ukanono da dausabuTebeli
qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
aseTi iyo ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorT-

mevasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos administraciul
saproceso da samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlebriv
sivrceSi arsebuli viTareba, romelic grZeldeboda
2007 wlis ivlisamde. saqarTvelos parlamentma 2007
wlis 4 ivliss miRebuli kanonebiT saqarTvelos admin-
istraciuli saproceso kodeqsidan mTlianad amoiRo
VII2 Tavi,33 xolo ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis
CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis maregla-
mentirebel yvela normas, Seexeboda igi Tanamdebo-
bis pirTa, ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis (fulis
gaTeTrebis) Camdeni pirebis, reketirTa, adamianiT
movaWreebis, kanonieri qurdebis, qurduli samyaros
wevrebisa Tu maTTan dakavSirebul pirTa qonebas, Tavi
mouyara saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeq-
sis XLIV1 TavSi am ukanasknelis Sevsebis gziT, romlis
saTauria: „warmoeba reketuli qonebis, Tanamdebobis
piris, qurduli samyaros wevris, adamianiT movaWris,
narkotikuli saSualebis gavrcelebis xelSemwyobis an
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 194-e mux-
lis me-3 nawilis „g` qvepunqtiT msjavrdebuli piris
qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosTvis gadace-
masTan dakavSirebiT~.34 XLIV1 Tavi amJamad moqmedi re-
daqciiT Sedgeba Svidi muxlisagan (3561, 3577 muxlebi),
romlebiTac regulirdeba dasaxelebuli subieqtebis
32
ix. ssm, I, 09.07.2004 w., #18, mux. 60.
33
ix. kanoni #5198_ssm I, 2007 w., #28, mux. 285-e.
34
ix. kanoni #5199_ssm I, 2007w., #28, mux. 286-e.
955
ukanono mflobelobaSi arsebuli da dausabuTebeli
qonebis CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 3561 muxlSi mocemulia
terminTa ganmartebebi kodeqsis XLIV1 gaTvaliswinebu-
li miznebis Sesabamisad, kerZod, warmodgenilia iseTi
cnebebis iuridiuli ganmartebani, rogoricaa: „reke-
ti~; „reketuli dajgufeba~; „reketiri~; „Tanamdebobis
piri~; „adamianiT movaWre~; `narkotikuli saSualebis
gavrcelebis xelSemwyobi~; „qurduli samyaros wevri~;
„ojaxis wevri~; „axlo naTesavi~, „dakavSirebuli piri~;
„reketuli qoneba~; „Tanamdebobis piris qoneba~ (aseve
aq dasaxelebul sxva pirTa qoneba); „ukanono qoneba~ da
„dausabuTebeli qoneba.~35 aRniSnul muxlSi mocemuli
ZiriTadi cnebebis ganmartebebi gadmotanilia organi-
zebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonidan da Sinaarsobrivad misi identuria.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 3562 muxlSi ki gansaz-

Rvrulia ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis CamorTme-
vis Taobaze sarCelis aRZvris wesebi, romelTa Tanax-
mad ukanonod da dausabuTeblad zemoaRniSnuli subi-
eqtebis mflobelobaSi arsebuli qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze sarCelis aRZvris ufleba aqvs prokurors am
subieqtebis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanoni-
er ZalaSi Sesvlidan 10 wlis vadaSi. amasTanave, imave
muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom sarCeli qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze SesaZlebelia aRiZras ara mxolod uSualod
zemoT dasaxelebuli subieqtebis mimarT, aramed aseve
maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavisa da maTTan dakav-
Sirebuli piris mimarTac.
35
SemdgomSi reketuli, Tu yvela sxva qonebis dasaxeleba,
romlebic ganxiluli kanonis Sesabamisad eqvemdebareba
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemas, moxseniebu-
li iqneba Semoklebulad – „ukanono da /an/ dausabuTebeli
qoneba“.
956
garda amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kod-
eqsis 3563 muxlSi miTiTebulia im safuZvlebze, romle-
bze dayrdnobiTac sasamarTlo uflebamosilia kod-
eqsis am TavSi dasaxelebuli subieqtebis qoneba cnos
reketulad, anda ukanonod an dausabuTeblad. saxel-
dobr, aRniSnuli muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad:
mosamarTle qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmis war-

moebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis
safuZvelze gairkva, rom qoneba miRebulia reketis
Sedegad, igi warmoadgens Semosavals reketis Sede-
gad miRebuli qonebidan, SeZenilia reketidan miRebu-
li SemosavliT an ar arsebobs reketuli dajgufebis,
reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis
an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzo-
mieri saSualebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an
sxva mtkicebuleba; xolo imave muxlis mesame nawilis
mixedviT, mosamarTle qonebas cnobs ukanonod, Tu
saqmis warmoebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebulebaTa
Sefasebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlom gamoarkvia, rom
qoneba an am qonebis SeZenisaTvis saWiro saSualebebi
mopovebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa darRveviT. rac Se-
exeba qonebis dausabuTeblad cnobas, samoqalaqo sap-
roceso kodeqsis 3563 muxlis mexuTe nawilSi aRniSnu-
lia, rom mosamarTle qonebas cnobs dausabuTeblad,
Tu saqmis warmoebis procesSi mopasuxem ver warudgina
sasamarTlos qonebis an am qonebis SeZenisaTvis saWiro
finansuri saSualebebis kanonieri gziT mopovebis, anda
am qonebaze saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
gadasaxadebis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumente-
bi. amave dros, xsenebul 3563 muxlSi miTiTebulia, rom
qonebis reketulad cnobisa da ukanonod cnobis Taoba-
ze sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi mosarCele valdebulia
sasamarTlos warudginos mopasuxis qonebis reketulo-
bisa da ukanonobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi,
957
xolo qonebis dausabuTeblobaze sarCelis Setanis Sem-
TxvevaSi mopasuxea valdebuli sasamarTlos warudgi-
nos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis dasabuTebulobisa
da kanonierebis Sesaxeb (ix. 3563 muxlis me-2, me-4 da me-6
nawilebi).
aq, Cveni azriT, ramdenadme gaugebrobas iwvevs is gare-

moeba, Tu ratom unda iyos valdebuli mopasuxe amtki-
cos Tavisi qonebis warmomavlobis kanoniereba, maSinac,
roca sasamarTloSi sarCeli Setanilia misi qonebis mx-
olod dausabuTeblad cnobis Taobaze. kodeqsis 3563-e
muxlis me-6 nawilis aseTi moTxovna mosarCeles ubi-
Zgebs, qonebis ukanonobis varaudis SemTxvevaSic, sar-
Celi mainc misi dausabuTeblobis safuZvliT Seitanos,
radgan am gziT igi Tavidan aicilebs mtkicebis mova-
leobas da faqtobrivad mtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad mo-
pasuxeze gadava, rac am ukanasknels aSkara araTanabar
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs da ris Sedegadac 3563-e muxlis
me-3 da me-4 nawilebi faqtobrivad gamouyenebadi xdeba
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mosarCele maT yovelTvis
Tavs aaridebs. amitom vfiqrobT, rom kanonis es xarvezi
gamosasworebelia, kerZod, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis 3563 muxlis me-6 nawili, sasurve-
lia, Camoyalibdes Semdegi redaqciiT:
`mopasuxe valdebulia sasamarTlos warudginos Tavisi

qonebis dasabuTebulobis damadasturebeli mtkiceb-
ulebebi~.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 3564 mux-

li gansazRvravs im safuZvels, romlis arsebobisas
prokurori valdebulia, qonebis reketulad cnobis
anda qonebis ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis Tao-
baze sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi, gancxadebiT mimar-
Tos sasamarTlos aseT qonebaze, maT Soris sabanko an-
958
gariSebze, yadaRis dadebis moTxovniT. aseT safuZvels
warmoadgens monacemebis arseboba imis Taobaze, rom
dasaxelebul pirTa mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas ga-
damalaven, daxarjaven an sxvagvarad gaasxviseben. cxa-
dia, rom kanonSi aseTi normis arseboba sruliad logi-
kuria, vinaidan, Tuki aRniSnuli qonebis gasxvisebas
moaxerxebs misi mflobeli subieqti, maSin sarCelis Se-
tana qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad
cnobis Taobaze yovelgvar azrs dakargavs.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis XLIV1 Tavis momdev-

no muxli (3565-e) adgens qonebis reketulad cnobis,
agreTve qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis
iuridiul Sedegebs. am muxlis Tanaxmad qonebis reket-
ulad, ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis SemTxvevaSi,
es qoneba mTlianad, xolo aseTad qonebis nawilis cno-
bis SemTxvevaSi – es nawili, mesame piris kanonieri in-
teresebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg, gadaecema mis kanon-
ier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis
SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi _ saxelmwifos. imave muxlis
mixedviT (me-3 nawili), Tu garkveul garemoebaTa gamo,
SeuZlebelia reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad
cnobili qonebis misi kanonieri mesakuTrisTvis an sax-
elmwifosaTvis pirvandeli mdgomareobiT dabruneba,
magaliTad: moxda misi gasxviseba, daikarga, gafuWda da
a.S., maSin mopasuxes daekisreba am qonebis ekvivalentu-
ri fuladi Tanxis gadaxda.
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mocemuli Tavis dar-

Cenili muxlebi exeba qonebis reketulad cnobis,
ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis saqmeTa warmoe-
bisas dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis wesebs
(muxli 3566), agreTve, aseTi saqmis warmoebisas piris
qmedebaSi danaSaulis niSnebis gamokveTis SemTxveva-
Si, prokuroris movaleobas, aRniSnuli piris mimarT
959
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis savaldebulo dawyebis
Taobaze (muxli 3567). es ukanaskneli sakiTxi saintere-
soa im TvalsazrisiT, rom, saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 166-e muxlis Tanax-
mad, danaSaulis niSnebis Semcveli qmedebis gamo piris
mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcieleba
prokuroris diskreciul uflebamosilebas warmoad-
gens, rac imas niSnavs, rom piris mimarT sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv devnas prokurori iwyebs misi Sexedulebis
mixedviT, garda amave kodeqsis 167-e muxliT gaT-
valiswinebuli SemTxvevebisa, romelTa arsebobisas
prokurors ar SeuZlia daiwyos an awarmoos sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devna, rac prokuroris xsenebuli dis-
kreciuli uflebamosilebis SezRudvas warmoadgens.
amrigad, irkveva, rom saqarTvelos sssk-is xsenebuli
167-e muxlis garda, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganx-
orcieleba-arganxorcielebaze prokuroris diskreci-
uli uflebamosileba izRudeba agreTve saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 3567 muxliT, romlis
mixedviT prokurori valdebulia piris mimarT daiwyos
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, Tuki qonebis reketulad
cnobis, anda ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis Tao-
baze samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebis ganxorcielebisas
gamoikveTa danaSaulis niSnebi xsenebuli piris qmede-
baSi, miuxedavad aseTi devnis ganxorcielebis mizanSe-
wonilobaze prokuroris piradi Sexedulebisa.
amgvarad aris warmodgenili qonebis CamorTmevis in-

stituti, rogorc organizebuli danaSaulis calkeu-
li formis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi saSu-
aleba, amJamad moqmed saqarTvelos materialuri sisx-
lis samarTlis, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso da samo-
qalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi. dainteresebul
mkiTxvels aqve warvudgenT 2006-2010 wlebis ganzoga-
debul monacemebs saqarTvelos pirveli instanciis sa-
samarTloebSi ganxilul saqmeebSi qonebis CamorTmevis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze.
960
monacemebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi
damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT qonebis CamorTmevis
Sefardebis Sesaxeb
Seefarda qonebis CamorTmeva

wlebi
(piri)
2007 163
2008 79
102
2009
122
2010
2010 wels saqarTvelos ssk-is 260-e muxliT sasjelis

damatebiT RonisZiebad qonebis CamorTmeva Seefarda 55
pirs, imave kodeqsis 262-e muxliT _ 6 pirs, xolo 338-e
muxliT _ 1 pirs.
monacemebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis mier

reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ganxiluli
samoqalaqo davebis Sesaxeb
davebi dausabuTebel qonebasTan dakavSirebiT
sul maT Soris maT Soris

wlebi ganxilulia gadawyvetilebis dakmayofilda
gamotaniT
2007 7 7 7
2008 2 1 1
2009 3 3 3
961
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis mier
dausabuTebel qonebasTan dakavSirebiT ganxiluli
administraciuli davebis Sesaxeb
davebi dausabuTebel qonebasTan dakavSirebiT

sul maT Soris maT Soris
wlebi ganxilulia gadawyvetilebis dakmayofilda
gamotaniT
2006 15 10 10
2008 7 4 2
2009 3 1 1
zemoaRniSnuli analizisa da mimoxilvis garda,

vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso iqneba infor-
macia imis Taobazec, Tu rogor ebrZvis saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobroba organizebuli danaSaulobis calkeul
formebs iseTi samarTlebriv-ekonomikuri institutis
meSveobiT, rogoricaa qonebis CamorTmeva (konfiska-
cia), ris Sesaxebac warmovadgenT mokle mimoxilvas.
962
§ 4. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da evrodireqtivebi
qonebis CamorTmevis (konfiskaciis) Sesaxeb
danaSaulis sagnis an danaSaulis Casadenad gamiznuli

nivTis, aseve danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli Semosav-
lebis konfiskaciis aucileblobaze pirveli aqcenti
narkotikebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg miRebulma
venis 1988 wlis konvenciam gaakeTa, romlis me-5 muxlis
mixedviT yoveli mxare iRebs aucilebel zomebs me-3
muxlis I punqtSi miTiTebuli narkotikuli danaSaulis
Cadenis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebis, aseve narkoti-
kuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis,
am danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli (an gamosayene-
beli) mowyobilobisa an sxva saSualebebis konfiskaci-
isTvis.
yoveli mxare iRebs zomebs, romelic saWiroa imisTvis,
rom kompetenturma organoebma aRmoaCinon da gayinon
an daayadaRon qoneba Semdgomi konfiskaciis mizniT.
aqve saubaria sasamarTlos da sxva kompetenturi or-
ganoebis Sesabamisi uflebamosilebebiT aRWurvaze
aRniSnuli zomebis gamosayeneblad, saerTaSoriso Tan-
amSromlobaze konfiskaciis mizniT da sxv.
fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg miRebuli strasburgis

1990 wlis konvenciis me-2 muxli eTmoba sakonfiskacio
RonisZiebebs, saxeldobr, yoveli mxare iyenebs iseT
sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebs, romelic aucilebelia
danaSaulebrivi saSualebebis da Semosavlebis an am Se-
mosavlebis Rirebulebis Sesabamisi sakuTrebis konfis-
kaciisTvis. aqve konvenciaSi saubaria specialur saga-
moZiebo uflebamosilebebze da meTodebze ukanono
963
Semosavlebis gamosavlenad da dasayadaReblad, amave
mizniT saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis principebze da
samarTlebriv daxmarebaze.
transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaR-

mdeg miRebuli palermos (2000 w.) konvenciis mixedviT
monawile saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon iseTi zomebi,
romlebic SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am konvenciiT gaT-
valiswinebuli danaSaulebis gziT miRebuli Semosav-
lebis an Sesabamisi Rirebulebis qonebis konfiskaciis
uzrunvelsayofad; am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulebis Casadenad gamoyenebuli an gamosayene-
blad gankuTvnili qonebis, mowyobilobis an sxva saSu-
alebebis konfiskaciis uzrunvelsayofad.
monawile saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon zomebi, ze-

moaRniSnuli nebismieri nivTis SesaZlo identificire-
bis, Zebnis, dayadaRebis an amoRebis SesaZleblobis uz-
runvelsayofad, misi saboloo konfiskaciis mizniT.
konvencia calke muxlebs uTmobs saerTaSoriso Tana-
mSromlobas konfiskaciis mizniT da danaSaulis gziT
miRebuli konfiskaciaqmnili Semosavlebis an qonebis
gankargvas.
fulis gaTeTrebis Sesaxeb evrosabWos 1990 wlis kon-

venciis safuZvelze, evropis kavSiris ministrTa sab-
Wom 2011 wels miiRo CarCo gadawyvetileba fulis ga-
TeTrebis, aseve danaSaulebrivi gziT mopovebuli
Semosavlebis da danaSaulis iaraRebis moZiebis, day-
adaRebis, amoRebisa da konfiskaciis Sesaxeb. CarCo
gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi mizania evrokavSiris wevri
964
saxelmwifoebis samarTlebrivi debulebebis harmoni-
zacia danaSaulis iaraRebisa da danaSaulidan miRebu-
li Semosavlebis CamorTmevis sferoSi.
aRniSnuli CarCo-gadawyvetilebis me-3 muxlis mixedviT

yoveli wevri saxelmwifo iRebs aucilebel RonisZie-
bebs, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes danaSaulebrivi gziT
miRebuli Semosavlebis CamorTmeva, gansakuTrebiT im
SemTxvevebSi, roca am Semosavlebis amoReba SeuZlebe-
lia, SesaZlebeli gaxdes maTi ekvivalenturi qonebrivi
Rirebulebis mqone nivTebis konfiskacia, rogorc wmin-
da Sidasaxelmwifoebriv procesSi, aseve im procesSi,
romelic sxva wevri saxelmwifos TxovniT, maT Soris,
ucxo saxelmwifos mier miRebuli konfiskaciis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis TxovniT, warimarTeba.
aRsaniSnavia evrokavSiris sabWos 2005 wlis 24 Teberv-

lis CarCo gadawyvetileba danaSaulebrivi gziT miRe-
buli Semosavlebis, danaSaulis iaraRisa da qonebrivi
Rirebulebebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb. mis preambulaSi
weria, rom transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSau-
lis mTavari motivi ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebaa.
organizebuli danaSaulis efeqturi aRkveTisa da mas-
Tan brZolis farglebSi aqcenti gamoZiebaze, angariSe-
bis gayinvaze, dayadaRebasa da danaSaulidan miRebuli
Semosavlebis CamorTmevaze unda iqnes gadatanili. es
CarCo-gadawyvetileba qonebis CamorTmevis farTo Ses-
aZleblobebs adgens, kerZod me-3 muxlis me-2 nawilis
mixedviT yoveli wevri saxelmwifo iRebs aucilebel
zomebs, raTa CamorTmeva SesaZlebeli gaxdes maSin,
roca nacionaluri sasamarTlo, konkretuli saqmidan
965
gamomdinare, sruliad darwmunebulia imaSi, rom Se-
sabamisi qonebrivi Rirebulebebi msjavrdebuli piris
mier Cadenili danaSaulidan aris miRebuli; rodesac
damtkicebulia, rom qonebrivi Rirebulebebis odenoba
ar Seesabameba msjavrdebuli piris kanonier Semosav-
lebs da nacionaluri sasamarTlo sruliad darwmu-
nebulia imaSi, rom Sesabamisi qonebrivi Rirebulebebi
msjavrdebuli piris mier danaSaulebidan iqna miRebu-
li da sxv.
evrokavSirSi iuridiuli gadawyvetilebebis ormxrivi

urTierTaRiareba warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meebze iuridiuli TanamSromlobis fuZemdeblur prin-
cips. am principis mixedviT, nacionaluri iusticiis
organoebis gadawyvetilebebi, rogorc wesi, yvela sxva
wevr saxelmwifoSi Semowmebis gareSe iZens moqmedebis
Zalas da aRsruldeba. am mxriv sainteresoa evrokav-
Siris sabWos 2003 wlis 22 ivlisis CarCo gadawyvetile-
ba zemoaRniSnuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis Ses-
axeb, rac dakavSirebulia evrokavSirSi qonebrivi Ri-
rebulebebis an mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelyofasTan,
agreTve evrokavSiris sabWos 2006 wlis 6 oqtombris
CarCo-gadawyvetileba qonebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebebis mimarT ormxrivi urTierTaRi-
arebis principis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. ormxrivi urT-
ierTaRiarebis es principi monawile saxelmwifoebis
iusticiis organoebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs erTi mxriv
moaxdinon mtkicebulebaTa swrafad uzrunvelyofa da
am mizniT qonebrivi Rirebulebebis dayadaReba, xolo
meore mxriv, danaSauliT miRebuli Semosavlebis Cam-
orTmevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis gaad-
966
vileba da daCqareba. aRniSnuli evrodireqtivebi Sei-
caven danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis katalogs, romelzec
vrceldeba uzrunvelyofisa da CamorTmevis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebebi. mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis uzrun-
velyofis an qonebrivi Rirebulebebis CamorTmevis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebi vrceldeba im danaSaulebze,
romlebic gadawyvetilebis mimRebi saxelmwifos samar-
TliT aris gansazRvruli da sul mcire sami wliT Ta-
visuflebis aRkveTiT isjeba. aseTi qmedebebia: krimi-
nalur gaerTianebaSi monawileoba, terorizmi, tre-
fikingi, narkotikebiT da iaraRiT vaWroba, korufcia,
Semosavlebis gaTeTreba da sxv. fulis gaTeTrebasTan
dakavSirebuli danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa katalogi sul
ufro farTovdeba.36 xsenebuli CarCo-gadawyvetile-
bebiT mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis uzrunvelyofis da
qonebrivi Rirebulebebis CamorTmevis procedura
dawvrilebiT aris reglamentirebuli; gadawyvetilebis
aRmasrulebeli saxelmwifos suverenitetis pativis-
cemasTan erTad, gaTvaliswinebulia misi qonebrivi
interesic, kerZod, fuladi saxsrebi, romelic CamorT-
mevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT iqna miRe-
buli, warimarTeba Semdegnairad: Tuki Tanxa, romelic
CamorTmevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebidan
iqna miRebuli, 10 000 evroze naklebia an am Tanxis ekviv-
alenturia, rCeba aRmasrulebel saxelmwifos, yvela
sxva danarCen SemTxvevaSi Tanxis 50% aRmasrulebeli
saxelmwifosgan gadawyvetilebis mimReb saxelmwifos
gadaericxeba. aseve, reglamentirebulia, Tanxis garda
sxva qonebriv Rirebulebebze gadawyvetilebis miRebis
wesic.
msoflio Tanamegobroba erTxmad aRiarebs, rom saWiroa
36
ix. m. turava, evropuli sisxlis samarTali, gv. 312-313.
967
aqtiuri TanamSromloba danaSaulebrivi Semosavlebis
gamovlenis, dayadaRebisa da CamorTmevisTvis, amas em-
saxureba evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis material-
uri da procesualuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi normebis
harmonizacia; sxvadasxva prevenciuli RonisZiebebi,
sanqciebi arakooperirebadi qveynebis mimarT da sxv.
yvela wevrma saxelmwifom moaxdina evropis sabWos 1990
wlis konvenciis ratificireba. saxelmwifoebma val-
debuleba aiRes TavianTi qveynebis kanonmdeblobebiT
danaSaulad gamoacxadon ukanono Semosavlebis sfer-
oSi Cadenili qmedebebi; iTanamSromlon da erToblivi
zomebi gaataron msgavsi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis aR-
sakveTad.
saerTaSoriso gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom, magali-

Tad, iseT danaSaulTan brZolaSi, rogoricaa fulis
gaTeTreba, erT-erTi efeqturi saSualebaa sxvadasxva
aqtivebis konfiskacia. ukanono saSualebebis gamovle-
nasa da konfiskacias seriozuli zianis miyeneba SeuZlia
danaSaulebrivi organizaciisTvis, amiT mcirdeba maTi
investiciebis moculoba Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis,
izRudeba maTi finansuri Zalaufleba damnaSaveTa sa-
myaroSi, da sxv. saxsrebis konfiskaciis gareSe danaSau-
lebrivi organizaciebi kvlav ganagrZoben ganviTare-
bas, Tundac danaSaulebrivi biznesis wamyvani figurebi
cixeSi Casvan. swored amitom, araerTma saxelmwifom am
danaSaulTan brZolis erT-erT efeqtur formad airCia
pasuxismgeblobis saxiT qonebis CamorTmevis SemoReba.
marTalia, sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia misi
gavrcelebis farglebi, gamoyenebis masStabi, araerT-
gvarovania midgoma am institutis regulirebasTan
968
dakavSirebiT samarTlis sxvadasxva dargSi (sisxlis-
samarTlebriv, administraciulsamarTlebriv, samoqa-
laqosamarTlebriv sferoSi), magram udavoa, rom sasje-
lis es zoma efeqturia.
samarTaldarRvevis (danaSaulis) sagnis da iaraRis Cam-

orTmeva gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc kontinenturi ev-
ropis, ise saerTo samarTlis qveynebis kanonmdeblobiT,
magram im sakiTxis ganxilva – ama Tu im qveyanaSi rogori
modifikaciebiT aris warmodgenili qonebis CamorTme-
visa da konfiskaciis instituti, rogorc organizebul
danaSaulTan brZolis saSualeba, sxva, ufro farTo
msjelobis sagani SeiZleba iyos, rac scildeba winamde-
bare naSromis mizandasaxulobaTa farglebs, ris gamoc
am sakiTxze msjelobas aRar gavagrZelebT.
969
meSvide kari
iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgebloba rogorc
efeqturi meqanizmi organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
guram naWyebia
Sesavali
iuridiuli piris cneba da niSnebi, misi pasuxismgeblo-

bis problema, tradiciuli gaxldaT samoqalaqo samar-
TalSi, Tumca, sazRvargareT da revoluciamdel ru-
seTSi dro da dro dgeboda iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis prob-
lemac. sabWour sisxlis samarTalSi pasuxismgebloba
danaSaulisaTvis mxolod fizikur pirs ekisreboda da,
am mxriv, iuridiuli piri mxedvelobaSi ar iyo miRe-
buli. aseTive iyo viTareba postsabWour sivrceSic,
rogorc ruseTis federaciaSi, ise saqarTveloSi. Mma-
gram viTareba radikalurad Seicvala mas Semdeg, rac
saqarTveloSi dawesda iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsSi zustad CamoTvlili zogierTi ganzraxi danaSau-
lis CadenisTvis.
iuridiuli piris sissxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

blobis problema dRemde iwvevs mwvave diskusiebs. am
mxriv azrTa polarulobas bolo ar uCans. Ees imiT aix-
sneba, rom dasmuli problema gansakuTrebiT rTulia.
garda amisa, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblbis problemas isic arTulebs, rom spe-
cialur literaturaSi an mTlianad, raime gamonak-
lisebis gareSe, uWeren mxars iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobas, an, piriqiT, pirwmin-
dad uaryofen mas. MmiuxedavadDamisa, am problemisadmi
mravali saintereso naSromia miZRvnili da maTSi gan-
viTarebuli ideebi sayuradReboa. yuradRebas iqcevs
973
xsenebuli problemis kvlevis tradiciuli meTodebic.
Mmagram iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis problema vrcel msjelobas moiTxovs.
amjerad ki, mokled SevexebiT dasmul problemas dana-
SaulSi Tanamonawileobis, maT Soris organizebul da-
naSaulTan, mimarTebaSi. miT umetes, rom am mimarTebiT
sayuradeboa transnacionaluri organizebuli dana-
Saulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvencia, romelic saqarT-
velos parlamentis mier 2006 wlis 7 ivniss iqna rati-
ficirebuli. adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT, qalebisa da
bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da
dasjis Sesaxeb oqmis me-3 muxlis me-4 qvepunqtSi aRniS-
nulia, rom TiToeli monawile saxelmwifo, saWiroe-
bisamebr, Tavisi erovnuli kanomdeblobis Sesabamisad,
miiRebs zomebs mocemuli muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaT-
valiswinebuli samarTaldarRvevisaTvis (ese igi, adami-
anebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefiking-
isaTvis) iuridiul pirTa pasuxismgeblobis dadgenis
mizniT. iqve aRniSnulia, rom Mmonawile saxelmwofos
samarTlebrivi principebis Sesabamisad, es pasuxismge-
bloba SeiZleba iyos samoqalaqo, sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi an administraciuli. miT ufro, rom iuridiuli pire-
bi SeiZleba iyvnen organizebul danaSaulTa (danaSau-
lebrivi gaerTianebis organizaciis, ukanono Semosav-
lis legalizaciis, korufciuli garigebebis da sxva)
danaSaulTa Tanamonawilenic.
Ddasmul Pproblemas meTodologiuri TvalsazrisiT

SevexebiT.
974
§ 1. `samarTlis subieqti~ Tu ` samarTlebrivi urT-
ierTobis subieqti~ ?
cnobili faqtia, rom samarTlis subieqtis cneba da

problema odiTganve ipyrobda iuristebisa da samarT-
lis filosofiiT dainteresebuli pirebis yuradRebas.
Mmagram, samwuxarod, imTaviTve moxda ori gansxvavebu-
li terminisa Tu cnebis aRreva. kerZod, erTmaneTs ar
emTxveva termini `samarTlis subieqti~ da termini `sa-
marTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti.~ saqme is gaxlavT,
rom samarTlis subieqtad miaCndaT da miaCniaT dResac,
magaliTad, jerac daubadebeli bavSvi, ese igi embrioni,
romlis sicocxlis ufleba daculia kanoniT da amave
dros es faqti gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes samemkve-
dreo samarTalSi (magaliTad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsis 994-e muxli). cxadia, iq, sadac abortia daS-
vebuli, sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis obieqti embri-
oni ki araa, aramed, qalis janmrTeloba (zogjer sic-
ocxlec). Mmagram amjerad imisi Tqma gvinda, rom jer
kidev daubadebeli bavSvi, romelic, uflebrivi Tval-
sazrisiT, samarTlis subieqtia, samarTlebrivi urT-
ierTobis subieqti ver iqneba. kerZod, samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis formaSi am urTierTobaSi monawile pir-
Ta urTierTzemoqmedeba, rogorc samarTlebrivi urT-
ierTobis Sinaarsi (romelsac samarTlis norma gad-
ahyavs marTlwesrigSi), jer kidev daubadebeli bavSvis
mxriv, rasakvirvelia, gamoricxulia. miT umetes, rom
samarTlebrivi urTierToba sazogadod, rogorc Cven
vfiqrobT, aris samarTlis normisa da marTlwesri-
gis kavSiris forma. samarTlis norma, rogorc jerar-
si, rogorc moTxovna misi marTlwesrigad gardaqmnisa,
qmnis samarTlis subieqtis valdebulebas, moqmedebdes
marTlzomierad da qmnides marTlwesrigs, xolo, am
valdebulebisadmi samarTlis subieqtis pasuxismge-
975
bluri damokidebuleba, rogorc am valdebulebis Ses-
rulebis mTlianpirovnuli ganwyoba, marTlzomieri
qmedebis Cadenis sakamarisi pirobaa. A samarTlebrivi
urTierToba, Tavis mxriv, aris samarTlebriv urTier-
Tobis subieqtebis urTierTpasuxismgeblobis gamov-
lenis forma. ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, pasuxismgeblo-
ba, rogorc uTierTobis Sinaarsi, qmnis urTierTobas, da
ara piriqiT. U genetikurad, warmoSobis TvalsazrisiT,
pirvelia pasuxismgebloba, rogorc valdebulebisadmi
subieqtis pasuxismgebluri damokidebuleba. cxadia,
igulisxmeba pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri aspeqti,
rogorc pasuxismgebloba momavlisTvis. Ees niSnavs, rom
subieqti awymoSi pasuxismgeblurad ekideba Tavis mov-
aloeobas, raTa gamoricxos warsulSi Cadenili antisa-
zogadoebrivi upasuxismgeblo, anu, braleuli qmvdebi-
sTvis negatiuri pasuxismgebloba.
amrigad, saTanado instanciis vTqvaT, saxelmwifos)

winaSe marTlzomieri qmedebisTvis pozitiuri pasux-
ismgebloba pirvelia, gamovlenis formis mixedviT ki,
urTierToba meorea. analizi unda daiwyos samarT-
lebrivi urTierTobiT, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis
gamovlenis formiT, radgan, am formis gareSe pasux-
ismgeblobis gamovlena da misi moxelTeba SeuZlebelia.
maSasadame, pasuxismgebloba da urTierToba Sinaarsisa
da formis erTianobas gamoxatavs.
§ 2. kategorialuri azrovneba da misi meTodologiuri

mniSvneloba
pasuxismgeblobisa da urTierTobis erTianobaSi saqme

Seexeba kategorialur azrovnebas da, aqedan gamom-
dinare, kategoriebis urTierTgadaxlarTvas. kerZod,
ùrTierTobis` kategoria uSualodaa gadaxlarTuli
`formis` kategoriasTan, radgan urTierToba, rogorc
976
wesi, pasuxismgeblobas gamoavlens. Ppasuxismgebloba,
Tavis mxriv, gadaxlarTulia `Sinaarsis` kategoria-
sTan, radgan urTierTobas qmnis pasuxismgebloba da ara
piriqiT. rogorc filosofiur literaturaSia aRniS-
nuli, termini `kategoria` pirvelad aristotelem gam-
oiyena da Tavdapirvelad niSnavda msjavris gamotanas,
mxilebas. Aaristotelem am terminebs filosofiuri
mniSvneloba mianiWa da niSnavda arsebulis mxilebas,
misi aRmoCenisa da Zireuli daxasiaTebis Tvalsaz-
risiT. kategoria miCneulia yvela arsebulis Zireul
daxasiaTebad. Aazris logikuri formis TvalsazrisiT,
Kis aris uzogadesi cneba, radgan, igi dayofas zogadisa
da kerZos, gvarisa da saxis mixedviT, rogorc es xdeba
cnebis logikuri formis dros, ar eqvemdebareba. mar-
Tebuladaa aRniSnuli, rom kategoriis cnebas ar moe-
poveba masze `maRla` mdgomi anu, gvareobiTi cneba da
rom kategoria aris uzogadesi cneba. 1
isic garkveviTaa aRniSnuli, rom Yyvela kategorias

erTnairi zogadoba ar gaaCnia. magaliTad, raodeno-
brivi da Tvisebrivi daxasiaTeba yvela arsebuls Seex-
eba, maSin, rodesac, magaliTad, fsiqikur movlenebs
sivrceSi ganfeniloba ar axasiaTebT. 2 pasuxismgebloba
da urTierToba ki, rogorc Cans, kategorialuri er-
TianobiT vlindeba, imis miuxedavad, rom ùrTier-
Toba` ufro zogadia, radgan is mxolod Cveulebriv
sagnebsac axasiTebs da ara mxolod adamianebs. samagi-
erod, am mxriv ufro naklebad aris zogadi `pasuxismge-
bloba,` romelic adamianebs exeba, magram ara yvela ada-
mians, aramed, mxolod imas, visac pasuxisgebis Tviseba
da unari aqvs, ese igi, vinc socialiazebuli adamiania,
anu, pirovnebaa. MmagaliTad, bavSvic adamiania, magram is
1
T. buaCiZe, kategoriis raoba, “ TanafardobiTi kategorie-
bi, “ Tsu, 1973, gv. 4-5.
2
iqve, gv. 5.
977
pirovneba jer kidev araa. aqedan gamomdinare, urTier-
Tobisa da pasuxismgeblobis garkveuli reJimis gareSe
arc iuridiuli piria SesaZlebeli.
gasagebi unda iyos, rom am aspeqtiT saqme Seexeba filo-

sofiur problemebs, radgan kategoriis bunebis garkve-
va filosofiis saqmea. es exeba ara marto im SemTxvevas,
roca saqme zogadad filosofiuri kategoriebis ana-
lizi filosofiaSive xdeba, ese igi, filosofia am mi-
marTebiT acnobierebs Tavis Tavs, aramed, im drosac,
roca romelime kerZo mecnierebis subieqts aucile-
blobiT sWirdeba romelime filosofiuri kategoriis
analizi. magaliTad, iuridiul mecnierebaSi termini
`pasuxismgebloba~ xSirad gamoiyeneba, magram, samwux-
arod, iSviaTad acnobiereben, rom `pasuxismgebloba~
aris socialuri filosofiis kategoria da rom ami-
tom saWiroa filosofiis meTodologiuri daxmareba.
Aamisi gacnobiereba imas niSnavs, rom `pasuxismgebloba~
gaazrebul iqnes filosofiuri kategoriebis siste-
maSi. magaliTad, Tavisuflebis gareSe pasuxismgebloba
ar arsebobs, magram Tavisufleba TviTneboba ki araa
aramed zRvardebulia PpasuxismgeblobiT, romelsac
Tavisufleba aucileblobaSi (moralurad gamarTul
Tu marTlzomier qmedebaSi) gadaaqvs. Aamotomaa, rom
pasuxismgebloba, misis pozitiuri aspeqtiT, aris Tav-
isuflebisa da aucileblobis kavSiris forma. saqme is
gaxlavT, rom Tavisufleba aucileblobaSi pirdapiri
logikuri gziT ki ar gadadis, aramed, pasuxismgeblobis
pozitiuri aspeqtis meSveobiT, roca subieqti Tavisi
movaleobis aRsrulebas moekideba pasuxismgeblurad.
cnobilia, rom kategorialur azrovnebaSi xSirad
aris laparaki safuZvel-Sedegis kavSirzec. Aaq mokled
SevexebiT safuZvel-Sedegis kavSiris erT-erT gamov-
lenas, rodesac saqme exeba sapirispiro kategoriis
978
aucilebel miRebas. rogorc prof. s. wereTeli aRniS-
navs, safuZveli aris aucilebeli misi sapirispirosT-
vis, rogorc SedegisaTvis. magaliTad, sasruli gadadis
usasrulobaSi da, piriqiT, uaryofis saSualebiT. 3
prof. T. BbuaCiZe imowmebs hegelis mosazrebas, rom ukve
piTagorelebTan gvxvdeba kategoriebis arasrulyo-
fili cxrili, magram saintereso isaa, rom am cxrilis
yoveli elementi warmoadgens urTirTdapirispirebul
cnebas. magaliTad, sazRvari da usazRvro, kenti da
luwi, erTi da mravali da sxva. 4
Tu kategoriebis am urTierTdapirispirebas azri aqvs
da amiT iqmneba urTierTdapirispirebuli cneba, maSin
gasagebia, rom analogiurad `sazRvris~ da usazRvros
`dapirispirebisa, SesaZlebelia pasuxismgeblobis` da
ùpasuxismgeblobis` dapirispirebac. safuZvel-Sede-
gis mimarTebis poziciidanac ki, gasagebi xdeba, rom `pa-
suxismgebloba` aris safuZveli misi sapirispirosTvis,
anu, ùpasuxismgeblobisTvis,~ rogorc SedegisTvis,
radgan `pasuxismgebloba~ (misi pizitiuri aspeqtiT)
rom ara, ùpasuxismgebloba~ SeuZlebeli iqneboda. up-
asuxism gebloba, Tavis mxriv, rogorc pozitiuri pa-
suxismgeblobis uaryofis an ugulebelyofis Sedegi,
safuZvelia negatiuri pasuxismgeblobisTvis, rogorc
upasuxismgeblobis SedegisTvis.
Tu pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba safuZvelia upasux-

ismgeblobisa, xolo, es ukanaskneli safuZvelia nega-
tiuri pasuxismgeblobisTvis, maSin gasagebia, rom
termini ùpasuxismgebloba~ pasuxismgeblobis poz-
itiuri da negatiuri aspeqtebis kavSiris formaa,
anu, igi damoukidebel kategoras warmoadgens. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom termini ùpasuxismgebloba~ aris
`braleulobis~ sinonimi, radgan am mimarTebiT saqme
3
s. wereTeli, dialeqtikuri logika, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 77.
4
buaCiZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 7.
979
Seexeba pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis uaryofas ganz-
raxvis, xolo, mis ugulebelyofas, gaufrTxileblo-
bis formiT.55 valdebulebisadmi pasuxismgebluri
damokidebuleba, rogorc moralurad gamarTuli Tu
samarTlebrivad marTlzomieri qmedebis subieqturi
mizezi, dadebiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs. am movaleo-
bisadmi subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba,
rogorc antisazogadoebrivi qmedebis subieqturi miz-
ezi, subieqtis uaryofiTi Sefasebis safuZvelia,
viTarc ùpasuxismgeblo,` anu, es termini subieqtis
gakicxvas gamoxatavs, xolo, subieqti, am viTarebaSi,
negatiuradaa pasuxismgebeli Tavisi upasuxisxmgeblo
qmedebisTvis.
pasuxismgeblobis da misi sapirispiros (upasuxismge-

blobis) es mokle meTodologiuri analizi imisTvis
dagvWirda, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis problema Tavidanve swor meTod-
ologiur safuZvelze dagvesva. kerZod, iuridiuli piri
aris ara `samarTlis subieqti,~ rogorc aseTi, aramed
`samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti,~ xolo es im-
asac niSnavs, rom iuridiuli piri imTaviTve pasuxismge-
blobis reJimSi dgeba, raki samarTlebrivi urTierToba
iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobis gamovlenis formas war-
moadgens. am mimarTebiT igulisxmeba pasuxismgeblobis
pozitiuri aspeqti, radgan ukve iTqva, rom pasuxismge-
bloba, rogorc Sinaarsi, qmnis urTierTobas, rogorc
misi gamovlenis formas.
5
g. naWyebia, brali, rogorc sicialuri filosofiis katego-
ria, Tbiulisi, 2001. agreTve misi: qmedebis danaSaulad kval-
ifikaciis zogadi Teoria, Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 221.
980
§ 3. iuridiuli piris problema samoqalaqo samar-
TalSi
is garemoeba, rom iuridiuli piri pasuxismgeblobis

reJimSi dgas da amiT xdeba igi konkretuli samarT-
lebrivi urTierTobis subieqti, dasturdeba, magali-
aTad, o. iofes naazrevidanac. kerZod, o. iofe miiCnev-
da, rom iuridiuli piris cneba da problema burJuazi-
uli civilistikuri azris mier arsebiTad iqna gan vi-
Tarebuli. Ees azri, _ werda o. iofe, _ iuridiul pirs
ganixilavda, rogorc mudmiv da marad samarTlebrivi
erTobas, romelic misi Semqmneli individebisagan
damoukidebelia. igi `Tavis Tavs avlens konkretul
samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi, romelTa monawile is
aris.`6 Aavtori garkveviT aRniSnavda, rom misi Semqmneli
fizikuri pirebisagan iuridiuli piris warmoebul xasi-
aTze yuradRebis gadatanisas, iuridiuli piri fiqtiur
warmonaqmnad cxaddeba, xolo, misi Semqneli fizikuri
pirebisagan iuridiuli piris damoukideblobaze yura-
dRebis koncentrirebisas, ukve SeiZleba, iuridiuli
piri savsebiT realur organizmad warmovsaxoT. 7
garda amisa, friad sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom

zogierTi iuristi erTmaneTisadan ganasxvavebs iseT
cnebebs, rogoricaa: `qmedunarianoba,~ ùflebaunari-
anoba` da `samarTalsubieqtoba.~
samarTlis subieqtis problematikaSi uflebaunariano-

bisa da qmedunarianobis cnebebs xSirad iyeneben, maSin
rodesac `samarTalsubieqtobis ` cneba, samwuxarod,
mxolod zogierTi iuristis mieraa gaazrebuli marTe-
bulad. kerZod, samarTalsubieqtoba aris uflebau-
narianobisa da qmedunarianobis sinTezur erTianoba
6
О. С. Иоффе, Гражданское право, Избр. Труды, МГУ, 2003, стр. 132.
7
iqve, gv. 132.
981
da aris Tvisebrivad axali cneba, romelic pasuxismge-
blobis cnebas bunebrivad iTavisebs. Ees bunebrivia,
radgan samarTalsubieqtobaSi igulisxmeba subieqtis
unari, agos pasuxi misi sakuTari qmedebisaTvis. isic
samwuxaroa, rom samarTalsubieqtobis cneba xSiradaa
aRreuli uflebaunarianobis cnebasTan, rac arsebiTad
swori araa.
gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT erT friad sagulisxmo ga-

remoebas. kerZod, o. iofes moaqvs fletCeris sityvebi,
romlis Tanaxmad, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sa-
zogadoeba Tanamedrove adamianis mniSvnelovani aRmo-
Cenaa. 88 xom ar niSnavs es gamoinaTqvami imas, rom iuridi-
uli piris Seqmnis mizani iyo swored pasuxismgeblobis
subieqtad misi gardaqmna?
sakiTxi ase dgas da am gzaze, romelic zemoT mokled

ukve movxazeT, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebri-
vi pasuxismgeblobis dasma da gadaWra savsebiT SesaZle-
belia. Aaqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli piris is mkvleva-
rebi, romlebic samarTlebrivi urTierTobis problem-
atikas ugulebelyofen, iuridiuli piris problemas
verc samoqalaqo samarTalSi warmoaCenen, rom araferi
vTqvaT imaze, rom pasuxismgeblobisa da urTierTo-
bis gareSe danaSaulis cneba ver aigeba. Mmagram vidre am
pozitiur daskvnebs gavakeTebdeT, saWirod migvaCnia
iuridiuli piris samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi cnebis
moSvelieba. Aam mxriv mokled ganvixilavT iuridiuli
piris ESesaxeb azris Camoyalibebis istorias. rogorc
prof. l. Wanturia aRniSnavs, romis samoqalaqo samar-
Tali iuridiuli piris cnebas ar icnobs. Eam ukanasknel-
is garkveuli gageba Sua saukuneebSi Camoyalibda, Tum-
ca ufro modificirebulad igi me-19 saukunis iuriste-
bis naSromebSi gaformda. Aam mxriv didi damsaxureba,
8
О. С. Иоффе, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.
982
rogorc Cans, miuZRvis gustav hugos, xolo, iuridiu-
li piris Tanamedrove gagebis fuZemdeblad arnold pi-
azes miiCneven. Aam ukanasknelis mtkicebiT, mxolod ada-
miani, rogorc individi, aris zogadi, bunebrivi piri da
samarTlis subieqti. Mmagram, SesaZlebelia, kanonebma
moaxdinon sxva sagnebis personifikaciac, TiTqos isini
pirebi iyvnen da saTanado uflebis subieqtebi. swored
aqedan gamomdinareobs iuridiuli piris cneba, rogorc
samarTlis mier subieqtad aRiareuli sagani. 9 Mmagram,
rogorc irkveva, piaze ver gascda Sua saukuneebis
tradicias, roca iuridiuli piris cneba korporaciis
cnebasTan gaaigiva, maSin, rodesac iuridiuli piris
cnebaSi, korporaciis garda, iazreba fondic. 10
iuridiuli piris cnebaSi igulisxmeboda ramdenime

niSani. jer erTi, iuridiuli piri aris pirTa gaerTiane-
ba, ese igi, organizaciuli erTianoba, romelic nivTTa
erobliobas upirispirdeba. mM eore, iuridiuli piri
gamocalkevebulia misi wevrebisagan, magram ara pirovne-
ba-adamianad, aramed fiqciur pirad. mesame, iuridiuli
piri wevrTa Secvlaze damokidebuli ar aris. meoTxe, mas
aqvs sakuTari qoneba. mexuTe, SeuZlia sasamarTloSi gam-
ovides mosarCeled an mopasuxed; meeqvse, moqmedebs mar-
Tvis sakuTari organoebis meSveobiT. mM eSvide, SeuZlia
hqondes sakuTari wesdebac Tu debulebac.
iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb moZRvrebaSi, rogorc es sa-

Tanado literaturidan Cans, e. w. fiqciis Teorias gan-
sakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. am Teoriis fuZemdeblad
savins asaxeleben. Mmisi azriT, moqmedebis unari SeiZleba
hqondes mxolod fizikur pirs, romelic SeiZleba iyos
pirovneba. Mmagram samarTals aqvs SesaZlebloba, es un-
9
l. Wanturia, Sesavali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo samarTlis
zogad nawilSi, Tbilisi, 2000, gv. 207.
10
iqve, gv. 209.
983
ari gaavrcelos socialur warmonaqmnzec (saxelmwifo.
Temi, saamqro da sxva). igulisxmeba adamianis, rogorc
fizikuri piris, unaris Tu Tvisebis teqnikur-iuridiu-
li gadatana iuridiul pirze swored fiqciuri xerxiT.
Mmagram, rogorc Cans, fiqciis Teoria savinis naazrev-
Si arasworad iqna gagebuli. kerZod, dasazustebelia
is sakiTxi, Tu ras miiCnevda savini fiqciad- fizikuri
piris Tvisebis gadatanas iuridiul pirze, Tu TviT
iuridiul pirad wodebul wamonaqmnis realurad arse-
bobas? Pprof. l. Wanturias mtkicebiT, savins miaweres
araswori azri, rom mas TiTqos eWvi Sehqonda iuridiul
pirad wodebuli socialuri warmonaqmnis arsebobaSi.
savins saxelmwifoc iuridiul pirad miaCnda. Aaqedan
isic gamomdinareobs, rom savini fiqciad miiCnevda ara
iuridiul pirad wodebul socialur warmonaqmnebs,
aramed imas, rom adamianis unari, iyos pirovneba, so-
cialur warmonaqmnebze gadagvaqvs. 11 Mmagram iuridi-
uli piris Taobaze TeoriebSi arsebobs is mosazrebac,
rom iurdiul pirs realuroba aklia. aseT mosazrebas
gamoTqvamda hans kelzenic.
rogorc Cans, iuridiuli piris cnebasTan mimarTebaSi

fiqcias ornairi gageba da gamoyeneba aqvs. erTni fiq-
ciad miiCneven imas, rom adamianis pirovnebis, rogorc
fizikuri piris, Tvisebebis garkveuli wesiT gadatana
xdeba iuridiul pirad wodebul socialur warmonaqm-
nze, romlis realurobaSi ukve aRar eWvoben. meoreni
ki fiqcias ufro afarToeben da TviT iuridiuli piris
realurobaSic eWvoben.
iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb TeoriebSi fiqciis cnebaze

miuTiTebs d. kereseliZec. is imowmebs frangi raleis
mosazrebas, rom EerTic fiqciaa da meorec, an erTic
11
l. Wanturia, dasax. naSromi, gv. 212.
984
realobaa da meorec. 12 Aamdenad, iuridiuli piris
problematikaSi `fiqciis` cnebas gverds ver avuvliT.
Mmagram, samwuxarod, TviT fiqciis cneba da misi meT-
odologiuri mniSvneloba iuridiul literaturaSi sa-
Tanadod araa Seswavlili. saqmis viTareba am mxriv ise
gamoiyureba, rom fiqcia TiTqos safrTxobelaa, ro-
melic rogorme unda moviSoroT Tavidan, Tumca, ar-
sebobs friad saeWvo gadamlaSebac, roca mTeli samar-
Tali TiTqos fiqciad gamoiyureba.
§ 4. sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri skolis zogierTi

warmomadgenlis azri iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb
Miuridiuli piris dafuZebaSi vidre fiqciis cnebas

da mis meTodologiur funqcias SevexebodeT, mokled
ganvixiloT iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb zogierTi kriminalistis
mosazreba. Aam mxriv sainteresoa gamoCenili rusi krimi-
nalistis n. tagancevis pozicia. Mmisi mtkicebiT, iyo
dro, (magaliTad, Suasaukuneebi), rodesac sisxlis-
samarTlebrivad devnidnen cxovelebsac ki, magram, n.
tagancevis am naazrevis gamoqveynebis droisasTvis (me-
20 saukunis damdegi) ukve eWvs aRar iwvevda debuleba,
rom marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadenaSi braleuli
SeiZleba iyos mxolod adaminis pirovneba (piri). Mmagram
samarTalSi ` piri ` niSnavs adamianis, rogorc fizikur
arsebas, ise iuridiul pirs, romelic pirTa raRac ide-
alur erTobas warmoadgens. SeiZleba Tu ara iuridi-
ulma pirma Caidinos danaSauli da pasuxi agos amisaTvis
sisxlissamrTlebrivi wesiT?
es sakiTxi, n. tagancevis mtkicebiT, arc Tu Soreul

12
d. kereseliZe, kerZo samarTlis uzogadesi sistemuri
cnebebi, Tbilisi, 2009. gv. 165.
985
dros, samudamod gadaWrili egonaT da Tanac uaryofiT-
ad. Mmagram xelaxla gaisma xma iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sasargeblod, Tumca,
_ askvnis n. tagancevi_ mecnierTa zogadi azri, am
mxriv Seuryevelia rogorc sisxlis samarTlis poli-
tikis, ise samarTlis TvalsazrisiT. 13 avtors, rogorc
Cans, mxedvelobaSi aqvs uaryofiTi azri iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.
marTlac, igi araorazrovnad miuTiTebs imaze, rom iu-
ridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-
bis dawesebas sruli arev-dareva da TviTneboba Seaqvs
iuridiuli piris dasjadobis pirobebisa da moculobis
sakiTxSi. jer erTi, _ msjelobs avtori, am Tvalsazri-
sis momxreni iZulebeli iqnebian, es pasuxismgebloba
gaavrcelon mxolod korporaciebze, radgan warmoud-
genelia eklesia-monastrebis, saswavlo dawesebule-
bebis da sxva amgvarTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.
Mmeorec, sisxlis samarTlis subieqti korporaciac rom
iyos, askvnis igi, SeuZlebelia misi dadanaSauleba gau-
patiurebaSi, crumowmeobaSi da a. S. 14
erTi sityviT, n. tagancevi kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba

blobis dawesebas Aarc danaSaulis cnebis da arc sasje-
lis cnebis aspeqtiT. misi daskvniT, sruliad gaugebaria,
Tu romeli danaSaulis Cadena mivaweroT iuridiul pirs
da romeli ara. meorec, ra sasjeli unda gamoviyenoT
iuridiuli piris mimarT? rogor unda CavsvaT cixeSi,
magaliTad, saaqcio sazogadoeba? cxadia, saxelmwi-
fos aqvs ufleba, Sewyvitos ama Tu im iuridiuli piris
saqmianoba, magram iuridiuli piris uflebamosilebis
amgvari Sewyveta sasjelis gamoyenebas ar utoldeba. Uu-
13
Н. С. Таганцев, Русское уголовное право, Обшвя часть,тю 1. Тула,
2001, стр. 308-309.
14
iqve, gv. 309.
986
fro metic, avtori midioda daskvnamde, rom iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamrTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis am aSkara
uxerxulobebis miuxedavad, friad saeWvoa iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis iurid-
iuli SesaZleblobac ki. miT ufro, rom am mimarTebiT
sakiTxi dasmulia ornairad. jer erTi, saeWvoa iuridi-
uli piris, rogorc raRacnairi konstruqciis, sakiTxi.
Aam TvalsazrisiT igulisxmeba is, rom iuridiuli piri
aris xelovnuri, iuridiuli, gamonagoni, imis mixed-
viT gansxvavebuli, Tu ra mizniTaa Seqmnili TiToeu-
li maTgani. Maq ukve dgas iuridiuli piris Seqmnisa da
funqcionirebis fiqciuri Teoria. Mmeorec, rogor eg-
ueba es fiqcia bralis, rogorc realurad arsebulis,
fenomens? Bbrali, iqneba igi ganzraxva Tu daudevroba,
adasturebs ara fiqtiur, aramed realur nebas, da maSin
iuridiuli piris danaSaulebriv qmedebaSi braleulo-
bis dadgena SeuZlebelia, radgan realuri grZnoba da
gancda fizikuri pirebis sferoSia da am poziciidan iu-
ridiuli piri upasuxismgebloa. 15
miuxedavad amisa, avtori sruladac ar uaryofs samo-

qlaqo-samarTlebriv da administraciul pasuxismge-
blobas iuridiuli piris warmomadgenelTa marTlsawi-
naaRmdego qmedebisTvis, am iuridiuli piris saqmiano-
bis SewyvetiTac ki. magram amjerad friad sainteresoa n.
tagancevis mosazreba e. w. jgufuri Tu masobrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis Sesaxeb. avtori gulisxmobs ara iuridiul
pirTa gaerTianebas, aramed e. w. brbos danaSaulebriv
moqmedebas, romelSic, avtoris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
koleqtiuri bralis gansakuTrebuli forma vlindeba.
igulisxmeba danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formebi. Aaq
avtors moaqvs is SemTxvevac, roca danaSaulSi realu-
rad monawileTa dadgena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia da maSin
mimarTaven yoveli mecxredan meaTis gamoyofas (bralis
15
Н. С. Таганцев, dasax. naSromi, gv. 310.
987
patiebis Taviseburi forma). am mimarTebiT iuridiuli
pirebi ar arian. saqme mxolod fizikur pirebs SeexebaT. 16
jer naadrevia iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebri-

vi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze Cveni sakuTari poziciis
gamoxatva, magram, vfiqrobT, rom danaSaulSi Tana-
monawileobis problema, miT ufro organizebuli da-
naSaulebrivi formiT, iuridiuli pirebis saqmianobis
analizis gareSe SeuZlebelia.
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pauxismgeblo-

bis problemas exeboda sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri
skolis iseTi gamoCenili warmomadgenelic, rogoric
gaxldaT a. kistiakovski. Aavtori exeboda dabali sa-
marTlebrivi kulturis epoqebsa da xalxebSi sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi devnis subieqtebs cxovelTa samyaro-
danac ki, magram amjerad yuradRebas mivaqcevT iuridi-
uli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
Taobaze avtoris mosazrebas. kerZod, avtori akeTebda
daskvnas, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb sakiTxi, rogorc wesi, wydeba
uaryofiTad. Sua saukuneebSi, piriqiT, adgili hqonda
mTeli korporaciebis dasjas. Aamgvari tradicia, avto-
ris mtkicebiT, SemorCenilia, magaliTad, mTel xalx-
ebze kontribuciis dakisrebiT. rac Seexeba iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasixismgeblobas, is, misi
azriT, sadavoa da iwvevs gaugebrobebs. avtori vrclad
ganixilavs iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis sawinaaRmdego argumentebs (rogor
SeiZleba, iuridiulma pirma, rogorc organizaciulma
formam, Caidinos danaSauli?) miT ufro, iuridiuli
piri masSi garTianebuli fizikuri pirebisagan gamo-
calkevebulia? Aan kidev: ranairad SeiZleba daisajos
16
Н. С. Таганцев, dasax. naSromi, gv. 311.
988
iuridiuli piri sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT, es xom
iuridiuli piris moSlas gamoiwvevda. 17
avtoris mtkicebiT, imperatrica ekterines droidan

moyolebuli, sisxlis samarTlis kanonebSi xazgas-
muli gaxldaT, rom danaSaulis Cadena mxolod fizi-
kur pirebs SeuZliaT. garda amisa, iuridiuli piris
formaSi saqmianoba, avtoris azriT, iSviaTad ar ewi-
naRmdegeba saxelmwifos pilitikur interesebs, magram
amgvari saqmianobis aRsakveTad sakmarisi iqneboda ad-
ministraciuli organos aqti, vidre ificialuri sasa-
marTlo Careva. 18
n. tagancevisa da a. kistiakovskis es mosazrebani Cven

SemTxveviT ar SegvirCevia im azris sailustraciod, rom
blobis dasabuTebis problema gansakuTrebiT rTulia
da igi seriozul meTodologiur midgomas moiTxovs.
miT ufro, rom romanul-germanuli samarTlebrivi
ojaxis tradiciebi am mxriv sisxlis samarTlis klasi-
kuri skolis principebiT ganisazRvreba. Aamdenad, mar-
Tebuli gaxlavT erT-erTi Tanamedrove rusi avtoris
mtkiceba, rom sisxlis samarTlis klasikuri skolis
iseTi gamoCenili warmomadgenlebi, rogorebic iyvnen
n. tagancevi da a. kistiakovski, iuridiuli piris sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis princips mxars ar
uWerdnen. 19am avtoris sakuTar argumentebs ki mogvi-
anebiT ganvixilavT.

17
А. Кистяковский, Элементарный учебник Обшего уголовного права,
часть Обшая, 1882, стр. 299-300.
18
iqve, gv. 301.
19
Г. И. Богуш, К вопросу об уголовной ответственности юридических
лиц, ,, Вкстник МГУ, Серия 11, Право, 2005, № 5, стр. 20.
989
blobis problema, rogorc wesi, anglo-saqsuri samar-
Tlebrivi ojaxis wiaRSi dgas, Tumca, misi gavleniT is
SeiZleba sxva samarTlebrivi ojaxs mikuTvnebul samar-
Tlis dargSic warmoCindes. magaliTad, Tanamedove
safrangeTis sisxlissamarTlebrivi kanonmdebloba
iuridiuli piris, rogorc korporacis, sisxlissamar-
Tlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ukve aRiarebs.
§ 5. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-

ismgeblobis dasabuTebis pirveli cda ruseTis fed-
eraciaSi
cnobilia, rom sabWouri sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi

blobis problema uaryofiTi azriT iyo Ggadawyvetili
da igi specialurad arc ganixileboda. Tanamedrove
ruseTis federaciis sisxlissamarTlebriv litera-
turaSi ki, es sakiTxi ukve dgas da intensiuri msjelo-
bis sagania, xolo, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-
blobas dRemde ar icnobs.
ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis erT-erT `kurs-

Si~ (a. nikiforovis TanavtorobiT) iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sasargeblod
momarjvebulia araerTi argumenti. Mmokled ganvixi-
loT isini. Ppirveli am mxriv aris gabaTileba im argu-
mentisa, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis idea TiTqos ewinaaRmdegeba piradi,
personaluri, pasuxismgeblobis princips. sinamdvile-
Si, rogorc am `kursSia~ aRniSnuli, iuridiuli piric
SeiZleba iyos individualuri, damoukidebeli iuridi-
uli statusiT. 20 meorec, piradi pasuxismgeblobis prin-
cipi ugulebelyofili arc samoqalaqo samarTalSia,
20
Курс Российского уголовного права, Обшая часть, М. 2001, стр.
247.
990
radgan, zianis anazRaurebis pasuxismgebloba am zianis
mimyenebels ekisreba. Mmesame, adminstraciul samarTal-
Si Tanamdebobis pirTa administraciuli pasuxismge-
bloba faqtia, magaliTad, bunebis, sazogadoebrivi
wesrigis Tu sxva sikeTeTa dacvis sferoSi daSvebuli
administraciuli samarTaldarRvevisTvis. meoTxe,
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTalSi ganixileba sakiTxi
saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobisa misi agentebis mier
Cadenili samarTaldarRvevbisTvis da am agentebis pa-
suxismgebloba maT mier saerTaSoriso samarTaldar-
RvevisaTvis. 21 mexuTe, aq ganxilulia iuridiuli piris,
raRac organazaciuli erTobis, fiqciurobis sakiTxic.
Aam mxriv motanili inglisurenovani msjeloba imis Tao-
baze, rom saqme exeba xelovnur gamonagons, samarTlis
mier Seqmnil personas da ara realur fenomens. samwux-
arod, am TiTqmis gabatonebuli argumentis sawinaaRm-
degod aq araferia naTqvami, ise Cans, rom am arguments
usityvod eTanxmebian. Aamdenad, Rirs, rom es sakiTxi
calke ganvixiloT. Aaq arafers vambobT imaze, rom am
`kursSi~ ganxilulia iuridiuli piris sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sawinaaRmdego argumente-
bi, romelnic n. tagancevis naazrevis mixedviT ukve
gavarCieT da aq ar gavimeorebT. mokled aRvniSnavT
im garemoebas, rom aq gamokveTilia iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis
ori umTavresi siZnele. Ppirveli am mxriv aris iuridiu-
li piris bralis dasabuTebis problema. Aaq moxseniebu-
lia bralis formebad wodebuli ganzraxva da gaufrTx-
ilebloba. dasmulia sakiTxi, Tu rogor SeiZleba, bra-
lis es saxeoba mivaweroT iuridiul pirs? miT ufro,
rom bralis klasikuri gageba gulisxmobs subieqtis
gakicxvas, xolo gakicxvis adresati SeiZleba iyos mx-
olod fizikuri piri. Mmeore siZnele exeba saerTaSor-
21
iqve, gv. 249.
991
iso sisxlis samarTals, ufro sworad, saerTaSoriso
sisxlissamarTlebriv iusticias. aq gamoricxulia sax-
elmwifoTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
principi. 22
am viTarebis fonze am saxelmZRvaneloSi dasmulia

sakiTxi imis Taobaze, Tu riT aixsneba is garemoeba,
rom ruseTSi `nepis~ epoqaSi iuridiuli pirebis sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis ideas momxreebi
gauCndnen da es idea normatiulad ganmtkicda kidec?
aq akeTeben daskvnas, rom Tanamedrove ruseTSi iuridi-
problemisadmi interesis aRorZineba SemTxveviTi an
koleqtiuri cdomilebis Sedegi araa. aq mokledaa mi-
moxiluli inglisuri da amerikuli literatura kor-
poraciis, rogorc iuridiuli piris, mier danaSaulis
Cadenis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb, radgan am gziT ufro
ukeT SeiZleba davicvaT Tavisufali da patiosani bi-
znesi, misi usafrTxoeba. 23
bolos, aq naTqvamia, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-

marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sasargeblod sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas yvelaze pirveli mainc aris bralis prob-
lema. Aamitom mosafiqrebelia iuridiuli piris subieq-
turi Seracxvis problemis gadaWris gzebi, Tumca, aqve
isicaa aRniSnuli, rom did britaneTSi, sadac iuridi-
uli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ifi-
cialuri wesiTaa aRiarebuli, arasdros sruli mocu-
lobiT ar dasmula sakiTxi iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dawesebis dadebiTi Tu
aryofiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb.
22
Курс Российского уголовного права, Обшая часть, М. 2001, стр. 252
23
iqve, gv. 253-254.
992
blobis problemas Aa.Nnikiforovma monografiuli ga-
mokvleva miuZRvna, romelsac mogvianebiT ganvixilavT.
Aamjerad ki mokled ganvixiloT iuridiuli piris fiqci-
urobis sakiTxi.
§ 6. fiqciis cneba da misi meTodologiuri mniS-

vneloba
Cven ukve vaxseneT iuridiuli piris bunebis gage-

baSi fiqciis Teoria, magram vidre am Teoriis axsnas
SevecdebodeT, mokled ganvixiloT iuridiuli piris
e.w. realisturi Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad, yuradReba
unda gadavitanoT ara TviT iuridiul pirze, rogorc
ukve Seqmnil Sedegze, aramed iuridiuli piris Semqm-
nel fizikur pirebze, romelTa realoba eWvs ar iwvevs.
is, rogorc piri, individualurad aris pirovneba, ma-
gram rogorc adamiani, garkveuli erTobis matarebe-
lia, rac adamianis cnebis safuZvelSi devs. Ppirovnebis
aseTi ganuyofeli niSani aris wminda bunebrivi dual-
izmi. kerZod, adamiani, erTi mxriv, aris fizikuri piri,
magram, meore mxriv, adamiani amave dros aris garkveuli
erTobis matarebeli, erTobisa, romelic iuridiuli
piris formaSic SeiZleba arsebobdes. 24
amrigad, iuridiuli piris problematikaSi fiqciis

Teoriis gverdiT realisturi Teoriac unda movix-
senioT, Tumca uproblemo arc realisturi Teoriaa.
kerZod, am TeoriaSi realuri arian iuridiuli piris
damfuZnebeli fizikuri pirebi, xolo, iuridiuli piri,
rogorc korporacia, mainc fiqtiuri piria, romelic
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtad iTvleba. erTi
sityviT, iuridiuli piris problematikaSi fiqciis
Teorias gverds ver avuvliT.
24
o. iofes dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 134-135.
993
cnobilia, rom termini `fiqcia` mxolod erTi mniS-
vnelibiT ar gamoyeneba, Tumca masSi is uaryofiTi azri
devs, rom raime realurad ar arsebobs da igi xelovnuri
gamonagonia, romelic jansaRi azrisTvis gaugebari da
miuRebelia. magaliTad, cnobilia, rom kelzenis tipis
normativizmSi daSvebulia ori saxis nebisyofa _ erTi
is, rac fsiqologiaSi realurad arsebobs, rogorc
adamianis realuri fsiqikuri unari, xolo, meore is,
rac normis mieraa nagulisxmevi, rogorc normatiuli
konstruqcia, romelsac nebisyofis fsiqologiur cne-
basTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs.
am poziciidan aSkaraa, rom fiqciuria nebisyofis nor-

matiuli konstruqcia, romelsac aranairi mecnieruli
safuZveli ar gaaCnia. esaa nebisyofis fsiqoloigi-
uri cnebis normatiuli gaoreba, dualizmi, romel-
ic monizmis meTodologiur principTan arsebiTad
SeuTavsebelia. Mmagram arsebobs `fiqciis ` sxva gagebac,
romelsac garkveuli meTodologiuri mniSvneloba
aqvs. miT ufro, rom samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis praq-
tika fiqciis meTods iSviaTad ar mimarTavs. magaliTad,
saqarTvelos ssk-is 177-e muxlis meore SeniSvnis Ta-
naxmad, qurdoba araerTgzisad aris Cadenili, Tu mis
Cadenas win uswrebda, magaliTad, banditizmis (saq. ssk
224-e muxli) Cadena. Ggamodis, rom faqtobrivad pirveli
qurdoba iuridiulad meorea, Tu igi banditizmis Sem-
deg aris Cadenili. aseTive fiqciuria, magaliTad, Sua-
lobiTi amsruleblobac, roca Seracxadi piri danaSau-
lis Cadenis iaraRad iyenebs Seuracxads. aq danaSaulis
faqtobrivad wamqezebeli, ese igi, is, vinc Seuracxads
iyenebs danaSaulis Casadenad, iuridiulad am danaSau-
lis amsrulebelia.
amrigad, fiqcias, rogorc raime urTierTobis samarT-
994
lebrivi mowesrigebis xerxs, meTods, saTanado yura-
Reba unda mieqces. miT ufro, roca saqme iuridiuli
piris bunebis dadgenis rTul problematikaSi fiqciis
meTodologiuri gamoyeneba savsebiT dasaSvebia. magal-
iTad, ir. surgulaZe adasturebs, rom samarTlebrivi
azrovnebis istoriaSi iuridiuli piris realurobis
ugulebelyofas fiqciis TeoriiT amarTlebdnen da am
azriT fiqcia samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis xerxia, Tum-
ca avtori fiqrobs, rom fiqciis Teorias iuridiuli
piris bunebis axsna ar SeuZlia. 25
fiqciis Teorias, miT ufro normativistuli inter-

pretaciiT, uaryofs g. naneiSvilic. Aavtori akritikebs
e. w. iuridiuli meTodis im ukididuresi frTis warmo-
madgenlebs, rom samarTlis subieqti normatiuli kon-
struqciaa da rom igi TviT samarTalze ufroa damok-
idebuli, vidre, piriqiT, samarTali _ subieqtze.
aqedan gamomdinare, g. naneiSvili fiqrobs, rom norma-
tivistuli jerarsi, romelic qmnis yvelafers, rac sa-
marTali araa, maT Soris samarTlis subieqts, pirwminda
fiqciaa, romelsac realobasTan araviTari kavSiri ara
aqvs. 26
g. naneiSvili samarTlisa da misi subieqtis mimarTebis

sakiTxs ganixilavs normativistebis sawinaaRmdego ten-
denciiT. kerZod, subieqti samarTlisagan damoukidebe-
lia, radgan samarTals ar SeuZlia Seqmnas adamiani, sic-
ocxle mianiWos mas. Mmiuxedavad amisa, arc imisi uaryofa
SeiZleba, rom samarTali mimarTulia misi praqtikuli
ganxorcilebisken da am azriT is gulisxmobs subieqts,
25
ir. surgulaZe, xelisufleba da samarTali, germanuli-
dan Targmna da winasityvaoba daurTo prof. o. gamyreliZem,
Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 93.
26
g. naneiSvili, iuridiuli subieqti, `samarTali,“ 1992, # 3,
gv. 12.
995
romelic scnobs, aRiarebs samarTals, mis normebs, da,
amdenad, xdeba misi ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba. 27
amis miuxedavad, g. naneiSvili mainc garkveviT aRniSnavs,

rom iuridiuli piris bunebis dadgena wminda fsiqolo-
giuri meTodebiT SeuZlebelia, radgan iuridiuli piri
aris garkveuli instituti, romlis gavlenas Cven, misi
wevrebi, realurad ganvicdiT. es, avtoris azriT, imi-
Tac aixsneba, rom iuridiuli piri garkveul daniSnule-
bas asrulebs, xolo iuridiuli piris es daniSnuleba sa-
marTlis normebiTaa dadgenili. Aamitomaa, rom iuridi-
uli piri samarTlebrivi Rirebulebis ganxorcielebis
centria, xolo, samarTlis fenomenologiuri Tviseba
isaa, rom is moiTxovs imas, rac samarTlis mixedviT
unda iyos. 28 avtoris igive statia gadmobeWdulia mi-
sive wignSi da daskvniT nawils am wignidan gadmovcemT.
KmiT umetes, rom aq avtori iuridiuli piris arsebiT
daxasiaTebas iZleva. Mmisi mtkicebiT, Cven ar SegviZlia
Cveni Tavi raime organizaciis, korporaciisa Tu insti-
tutis subieqtad warmovidginoT, Tu ara rogorc am in-
stitutis wevri, magram am mimarTebiT yvelaze naklebi
roli Cvens fizikur aspeqts exeba, radgan aq gadamw-
yvetia iuridiuli piris, rogorc raRac mTlianisadmi,
Cveni kuTvnileba. Mme rom ama Tu institutis wevri var
msjelobs avtori, ese igi me funqcia var da, rogorc
funqcia, gansakuTrebuli RirebulebiTi centri var. 29
aSkaraa, rom avtori laparakobs samarTlis subieqtis

daniSnulebaze, rac mis fizikur arsebobaze ar Ddaiy-
vaneba. Aamitom marTlac usagno fsiqologizmi iqneboda,
Tu iuridiuli piris bunebas fsiqologiuri meTodis
gamoyenebiT SemovfarglavdiT, radgan samarTlis sub-
27
g. naneiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 16-17.
28
iqve, gv. 26.
29
iqve, gv.170.
996
ieqtis daniSnulebis gareSe iuridiuli piris, rogorc
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqtis, marTebuli
gageba ASeuZlebeli iqneboda.
SesaZlebelia samarTlebrivi fiqciis sxva gamovlinebe-

bzec SevCerdeT, magram es ori magaliTic adasturebs,
rom `fiqcia` garkveul meTodologiur funqcias as-
rulebs da misi xelaRebiTi uaryofa an ugulebelyofa
dauSvebelia. fiqcia, rogorc Cans, raime faqtidan ra-
Racnairi gadaxvevaa, romelsac garkveuli gonivruli
sazrisi aqvs. am gagebiT aranairi uxerxuloba imaSi ar
unda davinaxoT, Tu iuridiuli piris, rogorc garkveu-
li organizaciuli warmonaqmnis, axsna-gagebaSi gamoyen-
ebuli iqnes fiqciis meTodi. miT ufro, roca saqme exeba
aseT organizaciuli warmonaqmnze adamianis pirovnebis
Tvisebis gadatanas, TiTqos isic piria, rogorc adami-
ani. cxadia, fiqciuri gadamlaSebaa, roca, magaliTad,
iuridiuli piris realurobazec eWvoben. araferi araa
fiqciuri imaSi, rom esa Tu is organizaciuli warmonaqm-
ni arsebobs (magaliTad, esa Tu is sawarmo-dawesebule-
ba-organizacia).
§ 7. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasu-

xismgeblobis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi

blobis Sesaxeb garkveuli pozicia gamoikveTa 2007 wlis
qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis saxelmZR-
vaneloSi, magram amjerad mokled SevexebiT a. oxanaSvi-
lis mimoxilviT naSroms, Tumca is friad sainteresoa,
radgan masSi bevri Tanamedove naSromia mimoxiluli. Aav-
tori acxadebs, rom saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi iurid-
iuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
sakiTxi adre gadawyda, Tumca iSviaTi araa obieqturi
997
Seracxvis tendencia. 30 cxadia, es garkveuli siZnelea,
magram, meore mxriv, obieqturi Seracxvac rom iyos aRi-
arebuli, esec seriozuli problemaa, radgan iuridi-
uli piris qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba xom mainc unda
dasabuTdes, xolo, es ukve iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaken erTi win gadadg-
muli nabiji iqneboda.
avtori am mimarTebiT exeba saerTaSoiriso konven-

ciebs, gansakuTrebiT evrosabWos 2003 wlis konvencias
trefikingisa da sxva msgavs danaSaulobaTa winaaRmdeg
brZolis Sesaxeb, da sworad aRniSnavs: es konvenciebi
kategoriulad rodi moiTxoven imas, rom yvela saxelm-
wifom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgebloba daawesos. Ggarda amisa, amgvar saeraSoriso
dokumentebSi miTiTebulia im danaSaulebriv qmedebe-
bze, romlebic iuridiulma pirma savarudod SeiZleba
Caidinos (magaliTad, TaRliToba, miTviseba, fulis ga-
TeTreba da sxva). 31
a. oxanaSvili mimoixilavs diskusiebs sxvadasxva qvey-

nebSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis garSemo, magram amjerad mokled SevexebiT
am mxriv germanul tradicias. Aavtoris daskvniT, `ger-
manuli samarTali principulad ar aRiarebs iuridi-
uli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas,
radgan braleulobis princips aqvs konstituciis rangi
da germaniis ZiriTadi kanonidan gamomdinareobs, ro-
gorc samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principi, - es niSnavs,
rom araviTari sasjeli ar SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli
braleulobis gareSe. ~32
daskvna gasagebia, magram saqme is gaxlavT, rom iuridi-

30
a. oxanaSvili, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblooba, Tsu iuridiuli fakultetis Jurnali, 2009, # 2.
31
iqve, gv. 187.
32
a. oxanaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 200.
998
uli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT dausjeloba
Riad tovebs organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg br-
Zolis problemas. kerZod, samewarmeo saqmianobis sf-
eroSi iSviaTad ar xdeba korporaciebis mxriv rigi da-
naSaulebrivi qmedebis Cadena (magaliTad, samewarmeo
danaSaulis mfarveloba, organizaciuli xasiTis upa-
suxismgebloba, rac SesaZlebels xdis danaSaulis Cade-
nas da sxva). 33
aSkaraa, rom sameureno saqmianobis sferoSi iuridi-

uli piris formiT marTlac SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes
danaSauli, Tanac organizebulic ki. ufro metic, araa
gamoricxuli danaSaulSi iuridiuli pirebis Tana-
monawileobac. Mmagram vidre am sakiTxebs ufro CavuR-
rmavdebodeT, gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT erT Seusa-
bamobas. kerZod, irkveva, rom germanelebi ver gaeqcnen
iuridiuli piris administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis
problemas, magram ucnauri isaa, rom pirs Cadenili
unda hqondes danaSauli an administraciuli gadacdo-
ma, rom administraciuli pasuxismgebloba daekisros.
Ggamodis, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebas mxolod bralis prob-
lema rodi abrkolebs, aramed mxedvelobaSia misaRebi
iuridiuli piris mimarT sasjelis gamoyenebis prob-
lemac.
§ 8. Biuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli

samoqalaqo samarTalSi
sabWour samoqalaqo samarTlSi xSirad iyo kamaTis sa-

gani is sakiTxi, Tu raa pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli
ziani Tu brali? Oo. iofe samoqalaqo samarTlSi bralis
gareSe pasuxismgeblobis ideas ar eTanxmeboda, radgan
33
a. oxanaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 200.
999
miaCnda, rom bralis gareSe pasuxismgeblobis idea so-
ciologiuri skolis Zlieri zegavleniT Seiqmna, xolo,
am ideis bolomde Tanmimdevruli dacva adamianSi pa-
suxismgeblobis grZnobis daClungebas an mis Cakvlas
gamoiwvevda. miT ufro, rom bralis meSveobiT qmedebisa
da misi subieqtis uaryofiT Sefasebas gamovxatavT. 34
friad sainteresoa am mxriv s. bratusis mier motanili

magaliTi mZRolis moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. `roca
avtomanqanis mflobeli jdeba mis saWesTan, - msjelobda
avtori – is naTlad Seignebs im safrTxes, rasac avto-
manqana uqmnis fexiT mosiarules Tu sxva satransporto
saSulebas. is angariSs aZlevs Tavis Tavs, rom SesaZle-
belia misi nebiT gamousworebeli ubeduri SemTxveva,
rasac misi avtomanqanis moZraoba gamoiwvevs, da rom is
valdebuli iqneba, aanazRauros am moZraobiT gamowveu-
li ziani. maSasadame, pasuxismgeblobis subieqturi
safuZveli saxezea. aA vtomanqanis mflobelma Segnebulad
airCia qcevis is varianti, romlis arasasurvel Sedege-
bzec is aris pasuxismgebeli, Tumca misi brali ar arse-
bobs.~ 35
rogorc Cans, avtors imisi Tqma undoda, rom avtoman-

qanis mflobeli Tavs ver gaimarTlebda da marTlac
pasuxismgebli iqneboda imisTvis, Tu avtoris mier aR-
werili Sedegebi realurad dadgeboda da, maSasdame,
misi bralic sadavo ar iqneboda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
avtori pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis ideas gamox-
atavs, ese igi, avtomanqanis gonieri mflobeli avto-
manqanis saWesTan dajdomisTanave Tavis Tavze iRebs
misi usafrTxo marTvis pasuxismgeblobas, rom Semdeg
negatiurad ar iyos pasuxismgebeli avtomanqanis mar-
34
o. iofes dasax. naSromi, gv. 467.
35
С. Н. Боратусь, Юридическая ответственность и законность, М. 1976,
стр. 181-182.
1000
Tvis wesebis darRvevisa da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva
mZime SedegebisTvis. magram, samwuxarod, xsenebuli
droisaTvis pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis idea iSvia-
Toba gaxldaT da bralis problemac amis gamo rCeboda
gadauWreli. miuxedavad amisa, samoqalaqo samarTalSi
iuridiuli piris bralis Sesaxeb xSirad iyo saubari.
magaliTad, prof. s. jorbenaZe werda, rom ìuridiuli
piris bralis cneba ver Tavsdeba bralis tradiciu-
li cnebis farglebSi, romelic gulisxmobs fsiqikur
damokidebulebas mis mier Cadenili qmedebisa da misi
Sedegebisadmi. amasTan erTmaneTs ar eTmxveva pirovneb-
is, maT Soris Tanamdebobis piris, brali da iuridiuli
piris brali.`36 marTlac, bralis fsiqologiuri Teo-
ria, rogorc qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis
fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, gamoxatuli ganzraxvis an
gaufrTxileblobis formiT, bralis problematikaSi
fsiqologizmia, radgan `fsiqikuri damokidebuleba`
fsiqologiuri kvlevis sferoa. miT umetes, rom bra-
li qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis gareSe ar arsebobs,
xolo marTlwinaaRmdegoba fsiqologiur cnebasa da
problemas sruliadac ar warmoadgens.
prof. s. jorbenaZe mainc midioda daskvnamde, rom

deliqtur valdebulebaSi konkretuli piris brali
imavdroulad aris iuridiuli piris bralic, Tu es
piri moqmedebda iuridiuli piris saxeliT, an misi wes-
debiT, anda debulebiT dadgenil farglebSi, 37 xolo,
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebis specifika, am mxriv, ar
abrkolebs iuridiuli piris bralis dadgenas.
zemoT Cven mokled aRvniSneT, rom termini `samarTlis

subieqti~ da `samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti~
36
s. jorbenaZe, iuridiuli piris bralis Sinaarsis gansaz-
RvrebisaTvis, `sabWoTa samarTali,~ 1986, # 4.
37
iqve, gv. 20-21.
1001
erTi da igive araa. ufro metic, saWiroa yuradRebis
gamaxvileba iseT gansakuTrebul kategoriaze, rogori-
caa: samarTalsubieqtoba, romelic, Tavisi bunebiT,
aris subieqtis `socialuri da iuridiuli unari, iyos
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawile.~ 38 cxadia, aq ig-
ulisxmeba subieqtis pasuxismgeblobac, radgan samar-
Tlebrivi urTierToba saTanado pasuxismgeblobis
gareSe SeuZlebelia. upirveles yovlisa, laparakia
pozitiur pasuxismgeblobaze, romlis gareSe arc bra-
li arsebobs da arc negatiuri pasuxismgebloba. miT
ufro, rom iuridiuli piri, rogorc garkveuli orga-
nizaciuli warmonaqmni, adamianTa garkveuli kategori-
is saqmianobis formaa, xolo es saqmianoba, miT umetes
_ iuridiuli piris marTvis sferoSi, konkretulad
valdebuli da uflebamisili pirebis erToblivi saqmi-
anobis gareSe SeuZlebelia. es SeiZleba iyos iuridiu-
li piris iseTi organo, rogoricaa, magaliTad, saerTo
kreba, gamgeoba, direqtori, direqtorTa sabWo da sxva.
iuridiuli piris saxeliT da TiTqos misi interesebis
sasargeblod SeiZleba iuridiuli piris romelime or-
ganom dauSvas upasuxismgebloba da gamoiwvios marTl-
sawinaaRmdego ziani. Aarc isaa gamoricxuli, iuridiuli
piris saxeliT da misi debulebis an wesdebis dadgenil
farglebSi, magram mainc upasuxismgeblod, imoqmedos
iuridiuli piris rigiTma wevrmac da maSin dgeba misi
braleuli pasuxismgeblobis problemac.
iuridiuli piris braleuli pasuxismgeblobis prob-

lematikaSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresod migvaCnia b.
antimonovis pozicia, romelsac cota ufro vrclad
gadmovcemT. Tavdapirvelad SevexebiT mis naSroms
dazaralebulis bralis Sesaxeb.
38
Советское гражданское право, т. 1. М. 1961, стр.78.
1002
avtori vrclad exeba bralis filosofiuri wanamZ-
Rvrebs da am mxriv safuZvlianad akritikebs bralis
ideis mowinaaRmdege iuristebs, rom brali TiTqos ide-
alisturi filosofiis pirmSoa da rom materialistu-
ri determinizmi bralis ideasTan SeuTavsebelia. 39 isic
sainteresoa, rom avtori akritikebs bralis burJuazi-
ul Teoriebs. misi mtkicebiT, bralis cneba aq imdenad
gaugebaria, rom am cnebis srul uSinaarsobaze da upa-
suxismgeblobaze ki SeiZleba laparaki. 40
b. antimonovi, Cveni azriT, bralis problematika-

Si ufro marTebul poziciaze dgas, vidre bralis
fsiqologiuri Teoria da misi momxreebi. kerZod, igi
safuZvlianad akritikebs petraJickis fsiqologiur
Teorias da saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis magaliTze
naTlad warmoaCens, rom xelSekruleba misi damdebi mxa-
reebis fsiqikur ganwyobaze damokidebuli araa. magal-
Tad, xelSekrulebis Sesruleba misi orive mxares rom
daaviwydes, amiT xelSekulebas, rogorc pasuxismge-
blobis iuridiul safuZvels, araferi daemarTeba.
piriqiT, aseT pirobebSi kreditors SeuZlia movaleTa
bralis sakiTxi dasvas. 41
umTavresi am mxriv mainc isaa, rom b. antimonovs bra-
lis arsi esmis ufro marTebulad, vidre misi kolegebis
umravlesobas, romelic bralis fsiqologiur Teor-
ias iziarebs. Mmisi mtkicebiT, Tu adamiani xels hkidebs
saqmes, romelic mas saTanadod Seswavlili ara aqvs da
ar iTvaliswinebs im safrTxes, rasac igi qmnis sxvebi-
saTvis, xolo, SeeZlo amis Seswavla da gaTvaliswineba,
_ maSin is braleulia. Aaq, rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba ada-
mianis pozitiuri pasuxismgebloba, xeli mokidos iseT
39
Б. С. Антимонов, Значкние вины потерпевшкго при гражданском
правонарушений, М. 1950,
40
iqve, gv. 58.
41
iqve, gv. 89.
1003
saqmes, romlis xasiaTi da mosalodneli Sedegebi winas-
warvea gaTvaliswinebuli. Tu adamiani raime seriozul
da sarisko saqmes saTanado pasuxismgeblobiT ar moeki-
da, ris gamoc saziano Sedegi dadga, gasagebia, rom misi
es qmedeba unda Sefasdes, rogorc upasuxismgeblo, anu,
braleuli. aA vtori amave azris sailustracod imowmebs
magaliTs, roca mavanma fexi moitexa da is samedicino
saswavleblis students miuyvanes. aA m studentma avad-
myofs operaciac ki gaukeTa. mM agram studentma dauSva
Secdoma da kacs fexis amputacia dasWirda. qA edan avtori
askvnis: `studentis brali imaSi mdgomareobs, rom man
xeli mohkida saqmes, romelic sakmarisad ar icoda.~ 42
amrigad, miuxedavad imisa, rom b. antimonovi pozitiuri

pasuxismgeblobis ideas ar icnobs, _ is friad sain-
tereso da logikur daskvnas akeTebs, roca aRniSnul
magaliTSi studentma TavisTavze aiRo qirurgis pasux-
ismebloba, rac misi mxridan iyo sruli upasuxismge-
bloba (brali), rogorc avadmyofis fexis amputaciis
subieqturi mizezi. MmaSasadame, brali aris upasuxismge-
blobis sinonimi, xolo upasuxismgebloba pozitiuri
pasuxismgeblobis uaryofis an ugulebelyofis Sede-
gia. es azri gamosWvivis b. antiminovis sxva naSromi-
danac, romelic iuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobas
da mis safuZvels eZRvneba. sainteresoa misi mtkiceba,
rom pasuxismgebloba valdebulebis Sesrulebis arse-
biTi faqtoria, rogorc damatebiTi, vidre pirveladi
valdebuleba. Aaq ukve Cans, rom avtori valdebulebas
da pasuxismgeblobas ganasxvavebs. Mmisi mtkicebiT, `kon-
struqcia, romlis mixedviTac valdebuleba da pasux-
ismgebloba erTi da igivea, saqmis namdvili viTarebis
axsnas ar iZleva. ` 43
42
Б. С. Антимонов, Основания договорной ответствености социалис-
тических организаций, М. 1962, стр. 102.
43
Б. С. Антимонов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 21.
1004
avtori iuridiuli piris bralisa da pasuxismgeblobis
Sesaxebac laparakobs. niSandoblivia, rom am naSromSic
mas brali esmis rogorc upasuxismgeblobis sinonimi,
imis miuxedvad, rom is pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis
ideiT ar xelmZRvanelobs. Mmisi mtkicebiT, `Tu sawarmo
ar iyo mzad mocemuli dakveTis Sesasruleblad, maSin
samoqalaqo brali am moumzadeblobaSi saxezea swored
im momentSi, roca kisruloben valdebulebas, romlis
Sesruleba SeuZlebeli iyo.44 magram, am mimarTebiT
obieqturi Seracxvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, avtori
wers: `Tu valdebulma moqalaqem an valdebulma or-
ganizaciam Tavidan ar aiciles TavianT Tavze xelSek-
rulebiT nakisri valdebulebis Seusrulebloba, Tum-
ca misi Tavidan acileba SeeZloT, isini braleulad
iqnebian cnobili.~ 45
rogorc Cans, avtori aqac gulixmobs xelSekrulebiT

nakisri valdebulebis Seusruleblobis pirobebisadmi
subieqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebulebas, roca mas
SeeZlo Seqmna am valdebulebis Sesrulebis pirobebis
uzrunvelyofa. Aaqedan avtori askvnis, rom àr arse-
bobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes subieqtis kategoriis
mixedviT bralis cnebaSi gansxvaveba.~ Aavtoris azriT,
`yovelgvari iuridiuli piri – es adamianTa organiza-
ciaa da igi sxva araferi SeiZleba iyos.` 46
amrigad, miuxedavad imisa, rom b. antimonovi poziti-

uri pasuxismgeblobis ideas ar icnobs, bralis Sesaxeb
misi msjeloba subieqtis upasuxismgeblobis gamoxat-
ulebas warmoadgens. bralis Taobaze misi msjelobidan
gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom pirs, maT Soris iuridi-
uli piris formaSi mosaqmes, SeeZlo Tavidan aecilebi-
44
iqve, gv. 72
45
iqve, gv. 76.
46
iqve, gv. 76.
1005
na xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis Seusrule-
blobis pirobebi, raTa es valdebuleba Sesrulebadi
yofiliyo, magram, raki man es ar gaakeTa, maSasadame,
xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis Sesrulebisadmi
upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba gamoiCina amitom nega-
tiuradaa pasuxismgebeli am upasuxismgeblobisaTvis
anu bralisTvis.
bralis amgvari gageba, miuxedavad imisa, rom b. antimo-

nivi mas Sesaferis terminiT ver aRniSnavs, arsebiTad
axloa bralis bunebasTan, rogorc upasuxismgeblobis
sinonimTan da aSkarad sjobnis bralis fsiqologiur
Teorias, romliTac dRemde bevri rusi iuristi xelmZ-
Rvanelobs. Bbralis fsiqologiuri Teoria, rogorc
qmdebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieqtis fsiqikuri
damokidebuleba, gamoxatuli ganzraxvis an gaufrTx-
ileblobis formiT, A araviTar kavSirSi araa ùrTier-
Tobis` kategoriasTan, rogorc pozitiuri pasuxismge-
blobis gamovlenis formasTan. pozitiuri pasuxismge-
blobis gareSe ki bralis cneba da problema SeuZlebe-
lia, radgan brali sxva araferia, Tu ara normatiulad
dadgenili movaleobisadmi subieqtis upasuxismge-
blo damokidebuleba, romelic marTlsawinaaRmdego
qmedebisa da misi Sedegebis subieqturi mizezia. A
aqedan gamomdinare, logikuri ar unda iyos iuridi-

uaryofa im motiviT, rom iuridiul pirs braleuli
qmedebis Cadena ar SeuZlia, TiTqos ufro advili iyos
iuridiuli piris qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis das-
abuTeba. sakiTxis am kuTxis dasmis SemTxvevaSi naTeli
xdeba, rom marTlsawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba moqmedeb-
des ara iuridiuli piri, rogorc organizaciuli war-
monaqmni, rogorc aseTi, aramed iuridiuli piris for-
maSi mosaqme fizikuri piri (magaliTad, direqtori), an
1006
fizikuri pirebis garkveuli erToba (gamgeoba, saerTo
kreba), an kidev is fizikuri pirebi, romlebic moqmede-
ben iuridiuli piris saxeliT an mis interesebSi da
amave dros arRveven iuridiuli piris damafuZnebeli
dokumentebis (wesdebis, debulebis Tu kanonis) moTx-
ovnebs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 107-
1
e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, iuridiul pirs sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba daekisreba am kod-
eqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli im danaSaulisaTvis, romelic
Cadenilia iuridiuli piris saxeliT an misi meSveobiT,
an, gamoyenebiT, anda mis sasargeblod, pasuxismgebeli
piris mier. cxadia, igulisxmeba iuridiuli piris for-
maSi mosaqme da misi saqmianobisaTvis pasuxismgebeli
piri. Aam debulebis sasargeblod metyvelebs ssk amave
muxlis mesame nawilis debuleba, romlis Tanaxmad, am
muxlis meore nawilSi moxseniebuli `pasuxismgebeli
piri~ aris iuridiuli piris xelmZRvanelobaze, warmo-
madgenlobaze, misi saxeliT gadawyvetilebis miRebaze
uflebamosili piri anda iuridiuli piris sameTvaly-
ureo, sakontrolo, sarevizio organos wevri.
Ggasagebia, rom praqtikulad moqmedebs ara iuridiuli

piri, rogorc aseTi, aramed ama Tu iuridiuli piris
saqmianobisaTvis pasuxismgebeli fizikuri piri (pire-
bi). iulisxxmeba, rom iuridiuli piris formaSi mosaqme
fizikuri piri, romelic pasuxismgebelia iuridiuli
piris saqmianobaze, upirveles yovlisa, pozitiuradaa
pasuxismgebeli iuridiuli piris mier nakisri valde-
bulebis SesrulebisTvis, rac samoqalaqo samarTlis
sferoa. Aam sferoSi iuridiuli piris saqmianobisaT-
vis pasuxismgebeli piri SeiZleba moqmedebdes upasux-
ismgeblod, anu, braleulad. magram iuridiuli piri,
garkveul farglebSi, pasusixmgebelia saxelmwifos wi-
naSec, raTa imoqmedos marTlzomierad da Seqmnas mar-
1007
Tlwesrigi. miT ufro, rom kanonmdebeli CamoTvlis im
danaSauls, romelic xorcieldeba mxolod ganzrax, ese
igi saxelmwifos winaSe iuridiuli piris formaSi mo-
saqme piris mier pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis uaryo-
fis gziT. magaliTad, trefikingi (saq. ssk 1431-e muxli),
ese igi, adamianiT vaWroba, SeiZleba Caidinos rogorc
fizikurma pirma, ise iuridiuli piris formaSi mosaqme-
mac, romelic pasuxismgebelia iuridiuli piris mar-
Tlzomieri qmedebisaTvis.
amrigad, ganzraxva aris bralis, rogorc garkveuli

instanciis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis Segnebuli uaryo-
fis, anu upasuxismgeblobis, gamoxatuleba, roca es
upasuxismgebloba xdeba marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis
subieqturi mizezi. aq metad sainteresoa e. w. `winswreb-
uli bralis` is koncefcia, romelic samoqalaqo samar-
TalSi dazaralebuli bralis problemasTan kavSirSi
SeimuSava b. antiminovma, magram mogvianebiT igi TviT
avtorma uaryo, rogorc bralis isedac abneul prob-
lematikaSi damabneveli cdomileba.
vfiqrobT, ` winswrebuli bralis` idea friad saintere-

soa, radgan, am poziciidan igulisxmeba, rom brali
win uswrebs marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas, rogorc
am ukanasknelis subieqturi mizezi. b. antimonivis az-
riT, ìuridiuli brali Cvens samarTalSi aris subieq-
turi, piradi brali. Mmagram amasTan erTad es aris ara
fsiqologiuri, aramed subieqtur- samarTlebrivi
kategoria.~4747 dasaxelebuli avtori principulad ar
eTanxmeboda x. Svarcis mtkicebas, rom brali TiTqos
uaxlovdeba obieqturad marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas
da marTebulad askvnida, rom marTlwinaaRmdegoba da
brali samoqalaqo-samarTaldarRvevis Semadgenlobis
47
Б. С. Антимонов, Значение вины потерпевшего при гражданском
правонарушении, М. 1950, стр. 99.
1008
TanabarmniSvnelovani niSnebia.~ 4848
es mosazreba savsebiT sworia, radgan bralis gareSe pa-

susuxismgeblobis idea arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba `pa-
suxismgeblobis` kategorias. kerZod, Cven ukve aRvniS-
neT, rom pasuxismgebloba aris socialuri filosofiis
kategoria, romelic ori aspeqtiT vlindeba: pozitiuri
aspeqtiT, roca subieqti Tavis movaleobas ekideba pa-
suxismgeblurad, ese igi, am movaleobis Sesrulebis gan-
wyobiT, da negatiuri aspeqtiT, roca subieqti pasuxs
agebs misi upasuxismgeblo qmedebisTvis. Aaqedan gamom-
dinareobs, rom pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri aspeqti
mxolod maSin arsebobs, roca subieqts aqvs Tavisufle-
ba, pasuxismgeblurad moekidos Tavis movaleobas. Tu
subieqts ara aqvs movaleobisadmi damokidebulebis ar-
Cevani, maSin is Tavis movaleobas verc pasuxismgeblu-
rad moekideba da verc upasuxismgeblod, ese igi, pasux-
ismgeblobis subieqti saerTod ver iqneba.
amrigad, bralis gareSe pasuxismgebloba imas niSnavs,

rom subieqts upasuxismgebloba (brali) ar gamouvlenia,
xolo upasuxismgeblobis gareSe negatiuri pasuxismge-
bloba ar arsebobs. negatiuri pasuxismgeblobis ga-
reSe ki, arc pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobaa SesaZlebeli.
maSasadame, bralis uaryofa an ugulebelyofa pasux-
ismgeblobis uaryofis an ugulebelyofis tolfasia. Ees
bunebrivia, radgan brali, rogorc upasuxismgeblobis
sinonimi, pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri as-
peqtebis kavSiris formaa. Tu Cadenil marTlsawinaaRm-
dego qmdebaSi subieqtis brali ar arsebobs, maSin am
SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri
aspeqtebis kavSiric ar arsebobs da, maSasadame, pasux-
48
iqve, gv. 92.
1009
ismgeblobac (misi orive aspeqtiT) gamoricxulia.
amrigad, `bralis gareSe pasuxismgebloba` logikuri
winaaRmdegobaa, radgan, Tu subieqts upasuxismgebloba,
anu, brali ar gamouvlenia, maSin is pasuxismgeblobis
subieqti ver iqneba. aq mokled aRvniSnavT, rom dauS-
vebelia e.w. dacvis zomebi pasuxismgeblobis zomebSi
agverios. miT ufro, rom bralis gareSe sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgebloba SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamom-
dinare, marTebulad unda CaiTvalos a. nikiforovis
pozicia, roca is, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis mizniT, mimar-
Tavs iuridiuli piris samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis problemas. Aavtori marTebulad aRniS-
navs, rom iuridiuli piris samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis gamocdileba SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisTvis. Aavtori am
mimarTebiT vrclad ganixilavs samoqalaqo samarTalSi
iuridiuli pirebis mrvalferovnebas swored pasux-
ismgeblobis reJimis aspeqtiT. am mimarTebiT avtori
marTebulad aqcevs yuradRebas iuridiuli pirebis
organoebze, romlebic unda moqmedebdnen iuridi-
uli pirebis damafuZnebeli dokumentebSi dadgenili
miznebisa da amocanebis Sesabamisad, keTilsindisierad
da iuridiuli piris interesebis farglebSi; dadgenili
wesiT agos pasuxi iuridiuli pirebisTvis miyenebuli
zianisTvis. 49 avtori cdilobs, iuridiuli piris saqmi-
anobis Sewyvetis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi meqanizmi
gamoiyenos iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasafuZneblad. Aam mimarTebiT igu-
lisxmeba iuridiuli piris organos mier iuridiuli
piris an saxelmwifos interesebis sawinaRmdego qmede-
А. С. Нилифоров, Юридическое лицо как субъект преступления и
ушоловной ответственности, М. 2002, стр. 37.
1010
ba, romelic iuridiuli piris saqmianobis Sewyvetis
safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes. 50 es ki, rogorc Cans, SeiZle-
ba gamodges imis analogiad, rac sisxlis samarTalSi iu-
ridiuli piris likvidaciad iwodeba. magram, samwuxar-
od, a. nokiforovi iuridiuli piris bralis dasabuTe-
baSi seriozul dabrkolebas waawyda, radgan, avtori
bralis fsiqologiuri Teoriis farglebs ver gascda,
xolo brali, rogorc `fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, `
iuridiuli piris, rogorc korporaciis, mimarT adek-
vaturi ver iqneba.51avtori imowmebs e.w. absoluturi pa-
suxismgeblobis principis momxreebs (magaliTad, jeims
stifeni)52. irkveva, rom iuridiuli piris bralis dasab-
uTebis AsiZneelebis gamo amjobineben ilaparakon bra-
lis gareSe, anu, absolutur pasuxismgeblobaze, rac
TiTqos iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasux-
ismgeblobas daafuZnebs. Mmagram, zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
rom `bralis gareSe pasuxismgebloba~ winaaRmdegobri-
vi gamonaTqvamia. Uucnauria, magram faqtia, rom ameri-
kis SeerTebul StatebSi korporacias pasuxismgebloba
SeiZleba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca damtkicebulia, rom
korporaciis maRali mmarTvelobiTi statusis mqone
agentma saTanadod izruna, raTa ar Cadeniliyo danaSu-
li, romelic sasamarTlo msjelobis sagani gaxdeboda.52
marTalia, am poziciidan fizikuri piri araa pasuxismge-
beli, magram Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom realurad
moqmedebs ara iuridiuli piri, rogorc aseTi, aramed
iuridiuli piris formaSi mosaqme fizikuri piri, ro-
melic iuridiuli piris marTvis organos ganasaxierebs,
maSin pasuxismgebloba mainc erTi principiT unda gan-
isazRvrebodes. A
50
А. С. Нилифоров, dasax. naSromi, gv. 46.
51
iqve, gv. 46
52
1011
amrigad, bralis problema iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problemas
kidev ufro amwvavebs. Cven ki, rgorc Cans, amovdivarT
im debulebidan, rom brali aris upasuxismgeblobis
sinonimi, roca subieqti, naclad valdebulebisadmi
pasuxismgebluri damokidebulebisa, is, piriqiT, upa-
suxismgeblod ekideba mas, xolo, es upasuxismgebloba
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis subieqturi mizezia. ami-
tom dgas bralisa da mizezobrivi kavSiris gamijvnis
poblema. cxadia, mizezobrivi kavSiri movlenaTa Soris
obieqtur kavSirs gamoxatavs, maSin, roca brali marTl-
sawinaaRmdego qmedebisa da misi Sedegebis subieqturi
mizezia. aRsaniSnavia, rom did britaneTSi danaSauli
xSirad ganixileba, rogorc raRac Sedegis mizezi. ma-
gram, samwuxarod, bralis problema am mimarTebiT bun-
dovania, radgan aqac saxezea bralis gareSe, anu, abso-
luturi pasuxismgeblobis principi.53 am principis gamo
blobis uaryofa, rogorc amas zogierTi Tanamedrove
rusi kriminalisti fiqrobs, swori ar unda iyos.
§ 9. g. boguSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis winaaRmdeg
amjerad Tanmimdevrulad ganvixilavT g. boguSis argu-

mentebs iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis winaaRmdeg. Aavtoris mtkicebiT, am bolo
dros iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis idea ùkve masebs eufleba,~ magram, - misi
azriT, am ideis winaaRmdeg imdenad bevri argumentia,
rom `mtkicebis tvirTi~ iuridiuoli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis momxreebs ekisrebaT.
53
a. nikiforovis dasax. naSromi gv.155
1012
Aavtori cdilobs Tanmimdevrulad ganixilos iuridi-
dawesebis sawinaaRmdego argumentebi.
1. avtoris aRiarebs, rom iuridiuli pirebis saqmi-

anobas Tan axlavs mometebuli safrxe ekonomikis,
bunebis dacvis da sxva msgavs interesTa sazianod,
magram, misi azriT, iuridiuli pirebis sameurneo
saqmianoba samoqalaqo samarTlis mowesrigebis sf-
eroa. Aam sferoSi ki sisxlis samarTlis normebis
gamoyeneba metad sariskoa;
2. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis dawesebis momxreni aRniSnaven, rom adgili
aqvs sawarmoebis mxriv sagadasaxado kanonmdeblo-
bis darRvevas, magram iuridiuli piris sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, avtoris azriT, am
mxriv verafers Secvlis;
3. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis momxreni uTiTeben sawarmoTa saqmi-
anobis mZime ekologiur Sedegebze, magram avtori
mainc fiqrobs, rom am mxriv ajobebda, sisxlis-
samarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi miecaT am sawarmoTa
Tanamdebobis pirebi fizikuri piris statusiT, an
gaemkacrebinaT am mimarTebiT administraciuli pa-
suxismgeblobis zomebi;
4. avtors saeWvod miaCnia is argumentic, rom iuridi-
daweseba TiTqos ufro kargad daicavda sawarmoTa
danaSaulebrivi TviTnebobis Sedegad dazaraleb-
ulTa qonebriv interesebs, raki am gziT dawesebu-
li iqneboda sawarmos ukanono moqmedebis gamo misi
qonebis konfiskacia. Aavtori ki, fiqrobs, rom am
mxriv umjobesi samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis gaZliereba iqneboda;
1013
5. avtori amtkicebs, rom samarTlis sxva dargebSi ar-
sebuli sanqciebi arc Tu didad gansxvavdebian sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi sanqciebisagan;
6. avtoris mtkicebiT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis iseTi Tviseba, rogoricaa gakicxva, iu-
ridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobisaTvis ucxoa. am mi-
marTebiT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ki,
misi azriT, obieq tur Seracxvas waaxalisebda;
7. avtori kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba mosazrebas, rom
iuridiuli piris saxeliT TiTqos SesaZlebelia da-
naSaulis Cadena, maSin, roca iuridiuli piris saqmi-
anobis wesi da farglebi misi damafuZnebeli do-
kumentebiT ganisazRvreba da am sazRvrebis gareT
Cadenili qmdeba miewereba ara iuridiul, aramed
fizikur pirs;
8. avtoris mtkicebiT, kidev ufro didia is siZnelee-
bi, rac iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebriv das-
jasTanaa dakavSirebuli. miT ufro, rom am mimarTe-
biT sasjeli araa is adekvaturi zoma, rac iuridiul
pirs Seefereba da rom am mxriv SesaZlebelia ar-
abraleul pirTa dasjac ki;
9. avtori amodis iqidan, rom piradi pasuxismgeblo-
bis principi dResac ZalaSia, xolo, iuriuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis daweseba
am princips daarRvevda;
10. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis momxre iuristebi uTiTeben im saerTa-
Soriso dokumentebze, romlebSic saxelmwifoebs
iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis rekomendacia eZlevaT, magram es, av-
toris mtkicebiT, rekomendaciaa da ara moTx-
ovna. amas garda, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi ama Tu im
1014
samarTlebrivi ojaxisadmi ama Tu im saxelmwifos
kuTvnileba. Aam mxriv avtori asaxelebs anglo-saq-
suri samarTlebrivi sistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
absoluturi, anu, bralis gareSe pasuxismgeblobis
princips, rac, misi azriT, ruseTisaTvis sruliad
miuRebelia;
11. bolos, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis ideis gavrclebas avtori imiT
xsnis, rom TviT sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
bloba da misi roli arasworadaa gagebuli. 54
rogor Cans, dasaxelbuli avtori iuridiuli piris sisx-

lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis Sesa-
Zleblobasa da mizanSewonilobas pirwmindad uaryofs,
rac, Cveni azriT, aSkarad calmxrivi poziciaa. Mmagali-
Tad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba marTlac
personaluria, magram gana romelime iuridiul pirs
personaluri individuloba aklia? Mmere ra, rom iu-
ridiuli piri saqmianobis koleqtiuri formaa? samagi-
erod, yoveli iuridiuli piri personaa im azriT, rom
mas Tavisi saxeli, adgilmdebareoba, saqmianobis wesi da
sxva personaluri niSani axasiaTebs. garda amisa, xsen-
ebuli avtori angariSs ar uwevs iuridiuli piris sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis ara
marto SesaZleblobas, aramed mizanSewonilobasa da
aucileblobasac ki.
54 Г. И. Богуш, К вопросу об уголовной ответственности юридических

лиц, Вестник Московского Универеситета, серия 11, Право, 2005, № 4.
1015
§10. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba
da iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problema
rogorc cnobilia, iuridiuli piris cneba saWiroa

sajaro samarTlis interesebSic, xolo, sajaro samar-
TalSi iuriuli piris pasuxismgebloba ufro axlos
unda iyos iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebasTan, imis miuxedavad,
rom sisxlis samarTali sajaro samarTlis tipuri
dargebisganac gansxvavdeba. SemTxveviTi araa, rom Ta-
namedrove ruseTSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis problema, am bolo dros,
sadiskusiod mainc gamoaqvT. amdenad, ufro logikuri
iqneboda, Tu iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebisTvis iuridiuli piris
samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi gagebidan am ukanasknelis
sasjaro-samarTlebriv gagebazec gadavidodiT. miT
umetes, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da dog-
matikaSi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba
davas ar iwvevs. samwuxarod, gaocebas iwvevs Taname-
drove ruseTSi am mxriv arsebuli viTareba, romlis
Tanaxmad, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba
arc kanonmdeblobaSia cnobili da arc iuridiul dog-
matikaSi. magaliTad, prof. v. Cirkini am mxriv mimoixi-
lavs ruseTis kanonmdeblobasa da dogmatikas da midis
daskvnamde, rom aq sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
cnebac ki ar arsebobs, maSin, roca sazRvargareTis sax-
elmwifoebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSi, es cneba didi
xania cnobilia. Aavtori adasturebs im aSkara uxerxu-
lobas, roca iuridiuli piris problematika, rogorc
wesi, samoqalaqo-samarTlebriv sferoSia moqceuli,
maSin rodesac saxelmwifo da misi organoebi, adgilo-
brivi TviTmarTvelobis organiebi da sxva msgavsi or-
1016
ganizaciebi, avtoris daskvniT, sajaro-samarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis subieqtebia da amitom am mimarTebiT
samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi meTodebiT saqmianobis
mowesrigeba unayofoa. 55 avtori cdilobs Camoayali-
bos sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cneba, magram
amjerad Cveni interesis sagani isaa, rom avtors aqcen-
ti marTebulad gadaaqvs im gansxvavebaze, rac arsebobs
kerZo samarTalsa da sajaro samarTalSi pasuxismg-
elobas Soris. marTalia, sajaro samarTlis iuridi-
uli pirebi, avtoris TqmiT, monawileoben samoqalaqo
brunvaSic, magram maTi arsi mainc sxvaa da amitom saja-
ro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cnebasa da problemas
seriozuli yuradReba unda mieqces. 56
cxadia, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris cnebac

unda moviSvelio, raTa sakiTxi ufro srulad warmo-
vaCinoT, Tumca, isic aSkaraa, rom sajaro samarTlis
iuridiuli piri danaSauls, rogorc wesi, ver Caidens.
magaliTad, saxelmwifos an misi organoebis, adgilo-
brivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis da sxva msgavsi
organizaciebis Tanamdebobis pirebi (moxeleebi), maT-
Tan gaTanabrebuli pirebi Tu mosamsaxurebi, moqmede-
ben konstituciiT da amis safuZvelze amoqmedebuli
sxva normatiuli aqtis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, xolo,
Tu isini daarRveven am moTxovnebs, darRvevis xasiaTis
mixedviT, pasuxs agenen piradad (magaliTad, saxelm-
wifo disciplinis darRvevisTvis), an danaSaulisT-
vis, anda danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobis formiT. araa
gamoricxuli, romelime politikuri partiam, misi sax-
eliT da misive intersebSi, daafinansos, magaliTad,
terorizmi, saxelmwifo gadartialebis mcdeloba sxva
55
В. Е. Чиркин, Заметки к дискуссии о юридическом лице публичного
права, ,, Государство и право, ,, 2010, № 7, стр. 27.
56
iqve, fv. 30.
1017
magavsi danaSauli, da maSin am partiis wamyvani xelmZR-
vaneli pirebis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas
Tan daerTos am politiuri partiis oficialuri reg-
istraciis gauqmeba (iuridiuli likvidacia), rogorc
sasjeli.
§11. iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-

suxismgeblobis Sesaxeb uaxloesi mosazrebani
ruseTis federaciaSi
ruseTis federaciis iuridiul literaturaSi iridi-

problemas zogierTi avtori jer kidev amreziT uy-
urebs. magaliTad, g. esakovi cdilobs, daadgnos, rom
ruseTis federaciaSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamar-
Tlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb sami midgoma arse-
bobs. erTni uaryofen, meoreni aRiareben, mesameni ki
aRiareben iuridiul pirebze aratradiciuli sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi zemoqmdebis zomebs, Tu qmedeba Cade-
nilia braleulad. 57 avtori acxadebs, rom am midgomebis
Sesaxeb cnobilia, xolo, amjerad igi exeba ruseTis
federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 104-e (meo-
Txe prima) muxlSi Sesatan cvlilebis proeqts, rom-
lis Tanaxmad, saqme exeba danaSaulSi monawileobas im
pirisa, romelic moqmedebs iuridiuli piris intere-
sebSi an asrulebs iuridiuli piris marTvis funqcias.
g. esakovi fiqrobs, rom es cvlileba seriozul kri-

tikas imsaxurebs, radgan, igi gaarTulebs Sesabamisi
normebis gamoyenebis problemas. samwuxarod, argumen-
tad avtors moaqvs mkvleloba, romelic TiTqos iurid-
57
Г. Есаков, Меры уголовно-правового характера в отношении юриди-
ческих лиц: критическая оценка, Ж. `Уголовное Право,~ 2011, #3
стр. 26.
1018
iuli piris interesebSi SeiZleba iqnes Cadenili. ker-
Zod, avtori uSvebs SemTxvevas, roca direqtorTa sab-
Wos wevri organizebas ukeTebs konkurenti iuridiuli
piris direqtorTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris mkvlelobas. 58
avtori, rogorc Cans, mxedvelobaSi ar iRebs iuridi-

uli piris damafuZnebel dokumentebSi iuridili piris
miznebisa da amocanebis Taviseburebas, xolo, mkvl-
eloba, gaupatiureba da sxva amgvari danaSauli, iu-
ridiuli pirs ar SeiZleba mieweros. Aamgvari danaSauli,
rogorc avtoric aRniSnavs, fizikuri piris saqme Sei-
Zleba iyos. magram maSin ra SuaSia aq iuridiuli piri?
vfiqrobT, danaSaulis Cadena ìudiuli piris intere-
sebSi` avtors arasworad aqvs gagebuli. samwuxarod,
gaugebrobazea agebuli avtoris mier mixmobili meore
magaliTic, romelic TiTqos iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sawinaaRmdegod me-
tyvelebs. kerZod, im mizniT, rom droze adre Cabardes
sawarmos Senoba, raTa am mimarTebiT mogeba iqnes miRe-
buli, piri, romelic komerciul dawesebulebaSi asru-
lebs organizaciul-ganmkargulebel funqcias, muSebs
aZlevs gankargulebas, Sromis usafrTxoebis zomebis
ugulebelyofis gziT, miaRwion xelSekrulebiT nakis-
ri valdebulebis Sesrulebas, xolo, amas muSis daRupva
mohyva. Aavtori gvekiTxeba: raSi mdgomareobs aq iuridi-
uli piris braleuli qmdeba? cxadia, aq komerciuli
organizaciis Tanamdebobis piria pasuxismgebeli muSis
daRupvisTvis, raki man gasca ukanono gankarguleba, da
ara iuridiuli piri, rogorc aseTi.
xsenebuli avtori akritikebs iuridiul pirebze

sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis im zomebsac, rom-
58
Г. Есаков, dasax. naSromi, gv. 27
1019
lebic aRniSnul proeqtiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram
es sakiTxi amjerad ar gvaintersebs, radgan, CvenTvis
mTavaria iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis dasabuTebis SesaZlebloba. am Tvalsaz-
risiT ufro sainteresoa Gg. smirnovis mosazreba iurid-
iuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb. avtori aRniSnavs, rom ruseTis
federaciis sinamdvileSi ukve momwifda iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dawe-
sebis pirobebi. jer erTi, ruseTi SeuerTda im konven-
ciebs, romlebic saxelmwifoebs avaldebuleben (ufro
sworad, mouwodeben – g. n. ), daaweson iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. avtors, am
TvalsazrisiT, moaqvs transnacionaluri organize-
buli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvencia, agreTve
gaeros konvencia korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis Ses-
axeb da askvnis, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis daweseba samarTlebrivi
sistemis msoflio standartebTan ruseTis federaciis
daaxloebas gamoiwvevda. garda amisa, iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis daweseba, av-
toris azriT, danaSaulobasTan brZolis ufro efeqtu-
ri saSualeba iqneboda. miT ufro, rom iuridiul pirs,
rogorc koleqtiur subieqts, ufro meti finansuri Tu
organizaciuli SesaZlebloba aqvs, Caidinos da Tan da-
faros kidec es danaSauli. 59
miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori, rogorc vxedavT, mxars

UuWers ruseTis federaciaSi iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dawesebas, igi, amave
dros, iTvaliswinebs im doqtrinalur winaRobebs, rac
59
Г. Смирнов, Перспективы и условия введения в России института
уголовной ответствкнности юридичесеих лиц, ,, Уголоывное Право,
,, 2011, № 2, стр. 76-77.
1020
ruseTSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis dawesebas uSlis xels. kerZod ki, av-
toris azriT, esaa pasuxismgeblobis klasikuri prin-
cipebi piradi da braleuli pasuxismgebloba. aqedan
gamomndinare, avtori fiqrobs, rom pasuxismgeblobis
am klasikuri doqtrinis dangrevis gareSec ki SeiZleba
mogvardes iuridiul pirze sisxlissamarTlebrivi ze-
moqmdebis dawesebis problema. kerZod, misi azriT, ru-
seTis kanonmdeblobaSi, pasuxismgeblobis tradiciu-
li formebis gverdiT, SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes
danaSaulSi Tanamonawile iuridiul pirebze zemoqm-
debis alternatiuli zomebi, magram ara sasjelis, ar-
amed sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmdebis sxva zomebis
saxiT. Aavtori amtkicebs, rom am midgomisas iuridiuli
piri winandeburad ar iqneba danaSaulis subieqti, ma-
gram SeiZleba moeqces sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqm-
debis qveS, `за причастности к преступлению, совершенному
физическим лицом.~ 60 dedanis enaze es CanarTi imitom
movitaneT, rom, misi ucnaurobis gamo, qarTulad
misi Targmna ver SevZeliT. marTalc, ra niSnavs es
fraza? termini ,,причастность` araa `Tanamonawileoba`
( ,,соучастие`), arc `Semxebloba,` ( ,,прикосновенность `).
Ggamodis, rom es termini raRac axalia, romelic Znelad
gasagebi xdeba. magram, cota qvemoT avtori iZleva imis
ganmartebas, Tu vin aris es fizikuri piri, romlis da-
naSaulis mimarT iuridiuli piri `priCastnostis` md-
gomareobaSia? irkveva, rom es fizikuri piri aris spe-
cialuri subieqti, romelic iuridiuli piris formaSi
asrulebs mmarTvelobiT funqciebs, an is, romelic iu-
ridiuli pirs faqtobrivad marTavs. 61
60
iqve, gv. 77.
61
Г. Смирнов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 77.
1021
unda vifiqroT, rom iuridiuli piri, rogorc saqmi-
anobis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma, misi
marTvis organoebSi mosaqme fizikuri pirebisagan da-
moukideblad moqmedebs? ra Tqma unda, ara. samwuxarod,
xsenebuli avtoris am msjelobebidan swored es ucn-
auri daskvna gamomdinareobs. iuridiuli piris moq-
medeba xsenebuli fizikuri pirebis moqmedebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. es fizikuri pirebi moqmedeben iuridiu-
li piris saxeliT, an mis interesebSi, iuridiuli piris
damafuZnebeli dokumentebiT (wesdebiT, debulebiT,
kanoniT) dadgenil farglebSi. Aamitomaa, rom iuridi-
ul pirs ar SeiZleba mieweros danaSauli, romelic iu-
ridiuli piris saqmianobasTan araviTar kavSirSi araa
(magaliTad, mkvleloba, Ggaupatiureba, qurdoba da a. S.).
meore mxriv, arc Tu ise naTelia avtoris mier moxmo-
bili iuridiul pirebze sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemo-
qmedebis zomebi, romlebic TiTqos sasjelebs ar war-
moadgenen, magram ucnauri isaa, rom am `zomebSi~ dasax-
elebulia jarimac, iZulebiTi likvidaciac ki, 62 maSin,
roca es ukanaskneli, gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, iurid-
iuli piris sikvdiliT dasjadaa miCneuli.
amrigad, g. smirnovi grZnobs, rom Tanamedrove ruseTis

federaciaSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobis oficialuri wesiT ugulebelyofa
am qveyanas msoflio sazogadoebriobis winaSe aSkarad
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. magram, samwuxarod,
avtori ver axerxebs, gadalaxos iuridiuli piris sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis ori
iseTi damabrkolebeli garemoeba, rogoricaa: person-
aluri da braleuli pasuxismgebloba. ruseTSi, rogrc
wesi, arsebuli doqtrinaluri pasuxismgeblobis Se-
62
iqve, gv. 78.
1022
narCunebiT, avtorma gadawyvita, win daeZra iuridiuli
piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis prob-
lema, magram es, rogorc Cans, SeuZlebelia da amitomaa,
rom avtori axal gaugebrobebSi aRmoCnda. magaliTad,
ranairad SeiZleba iuridiuli piri winandeburad ar
iyos `danaSaulis subieqti,~ xolo, amave dros mas daeki-
sros sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis zemoqmede-
bis zomebi, maT Soris- likvidacia? Aan kidev: ranairad
SeiZleba iZulebiTi likvidacia iyos `sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi RonisZieba~ da ar iyos iuriuli pirisTvis
sasjeli?
ruseTSi iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-

suxismgeblobis dasabuTebis kidev erT mcdelobas
SevexebiT. kerZod, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs l. ivanovis
pozicia. Aatori mokled Cerdeba im radikalur cvli-
lebebze, rac ruseTSi ukanaskneli 15 wlis farglebSi
ganxorcielda. Aavtoris mtkicebiT, ruseTis ekonomi-
kur cxovrebaSi kerZo samarTlebrivi sawyisebis ga-
farToebam sawarmos diretorsa (menejmentsa) da mesa-
kuTres Soris axali urTierobis warmoSoba gamoiwvia. U
gasuli saukunis ukve 90-ani wlebidan ruseTSi miRebul
iqna mTeli rigi kanonebisa, romlebic adgendnen iurid-
iuli pirebis (sawarmos, organizaciebis) administraci-
ul pasuxismgeblobas sxdasxva samarTaldarRvevisT-
vis. Aavtori CamoTvlis am darRvevebs (magaliTad, saga-
dasaxado, bunebadacviTi Tu samedicino dazRvevis
sferoSi) da askvnis, rom es sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi
naCqarevad iqna miRebuli, Tumca, SemdegSi adminis-
traciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis amoqmdebam am
mxriv bevri ram moagvara.63 magram, saqme isaa, rom ad-
ministraciuli samarTaldarRvevaTa SemadgenlobaTa
63
Л. Иванов, Об уголовной ответственности юридических лтц, ,, Уго-
ловное правло, ,, 2011, № 3, стр. 33.
1023
umravlesoba formaluria, ese igi, pasuxismgebloba
exeba adminstraciuli kanonmdeblobis darRvevas, am
darRvevis SesaZlo Sedegebis mxedvelobaSi NmiRebis Ega-
reSe. Tu am darRvevbs mohyveba seriozuli ziani (xan-
Zari, avaria, garemos radioaqtiuri dabinZureba da
sxva), maSin amgvari darRvevebi sxva Tvisebas iZenen da,
maRali sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis gamo, danaSaulad
kvalificirdebian.64 aqedan gamomdinare, avtoris az-
riT, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis daweseba ufro logikuri iqneboda, magram,
avtori fiqrobs, rom, samwuxarod, ruseTis kanonmde-
belma es logikuri nabiji ar gadadga. Aamis gamo Seiqma
sakmaod ucnauri viTareba, roca mZime Sedegebis mqone
samarTaldarRvevisTvis isjeba mxolod fizikuri piri,
xolo formalurad administraciuli samarTaldar-
RvevisTvis _ iuridiuli piri. 65 amgvari viTareba, av-
toris SefasebiT, arc samarTlebriv logikas Seesabam-
eba da Aarc samarTlianobas. Aam Seusabamobis daZlevas
rusi kanonmdebeli, avtoris azriT, adminstraciuli
jarimis odenobis gazrdiT Seecada. Mmagram es sakmarisi
araa da iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-
ismgeblobis dasabuTebis problemas dRis wesrigidan
ver moxsnis. Mmagram, avtori am mimarTebiT asaxelebs or
siZneles. jer erTi, izrdeba sawarmoo organizaciebi,
xolo, maTi rTuli srtuqturuli Tu organizaciul-
samarTlebrivi forma naklebad iZleva imis SesaZle
blobas, rom gamovavlinoT iuridiuli piris formaSi
mosaqme danaSaulis Camdeni fizikuri pirebi. Mmeore
siZnele, avtoris azriT, isaa, rom sisxlis samarTali,
misi tadiciuli cnebebiT da institutebiT, kerZod,
individualuri bralisa da individualuri pasuxismge-
blobis principiT, iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
64
iqve, gv. 33.
65
iqve, gv. 34.
1024
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTebis problemas ver
umklavdeba. 66
miuxedavad amisa, avtori Mmainc akeTebs optimsitur

daskvnas, rom Tanamedrove ruseTSi iuridiuli piris in-
divdualuri bralisa da pasuxismgeblobis SemuSavebis
sakanonmdeblo baza ukve arsebobs. amasTan, avtori
amaxvilebs yuradRebas arabraleulobis prezumfci-
aze fizikuri pirebis mimarT da ara iuridiuli pirebis
mimarT. avtori, rogorc Cans, amodis iqidan, rom samo-
qalaqo samarTalSi zogjer moqmedebs braleulobis
prezumfcia, roca pirs Seileba dasWirdes samarT-
lebrivad daculi sikeTisTvis zianis arabraleuli
miyenebis mtkiceba. Aadministraciul samarTalSi, miT
ufro _ sisxlis samarTalsa da sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi, piriqiT, moqmedebs arabraleulobis prezum-
fciis principi. Mmagram, aq dgas erTi friad aqtualuri
problema, kerZod, is, rom iuridiuli piris sisixlissa-
marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis problema bralis ganz-
raxi formis safuZvelze sabuTdeba. Aavtori ki imowmebs
ruseTis federaciis administraciuli samarTaldar-
RvevaTa kodeqsis 21-e muxlis meore nawilis debule-
bas, romlis Tanaxmad, iuridiuli piri cnobili iqneba
braleulad administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis
CadenaSi, Tu mocemuli piris mier ar iqna miRebuli
masze damokidebuli yvela zoma darRveli wesebisa da
normebis dasacavad. 67
ase farTod gagebuli brali, roca subieqti saTana-

do zomebs ar iRebs imisaTvis, rom Tavidan Aaicilos
samarTaldarRveva, bralis gaufrxilebel formasc
66
Л. Иванов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 36.
67
Л. Иванов, dasax. naSromi, gv. 37.
1025
moicavs, maSin, roca iuridiuli piris formaSi mosaqme
fizikuri piri, rogorc misi marTvis organo, SeiZleba
moqmedebs mxolod ganzraxi braliT. Yyovel SemTxeva-
Si, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi bralis
ganzraxi formidan amodis. Mmeore mxriv, Cveni azriT,
administraciuli samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsisaT-
vis, miT ufro, Tu SemdgomSi gvinda iuridiuli piris
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dasabuTe-
bac, braleulobis prezumfcia ESeuTavsebelia, xolo,
l. ivanovi azriT, iuridiuli piris aqtiuroba imaSi
unda vlindebodes, rom man amtkicos misi arabraleu-
lobis garemoebani. 68 iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis daweseba, romelsac xseneb-
uli avtori uWers mxars, iuridiuli piris mier Tavisi
arabraleulobis mtkicebis movaleobasTan arsebiTad
SeuTavsebelia.
samwuxarod, Tanamedrove ruseTSi bralis gabatonebu-

li koncefcia, rogorc qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi
subieqtis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba, gamoxatuli gan-
zraxvis an gaufrTxileblobis formiT (ese igi, bralis
fsiqologiuri Teoria), bralis arsebas ver gamoxatavs,
xolo, iuridiuli piris organizaciul-samarTlebriv
formaSi mosaqme fizikuris mimarT is saerTod gamousa-
degaria. kerZod, qmedebisa da misi Sedegebisadmi subieq-
tis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba gamoixateba ara bralSi,
aramed, motivsa da mizanSi. Bbrali ki fsiqologiuri
cneba ki araa, aramed, socialuri filosofiis katego-
rias da pasuxismgeblobis pozitiuri da negatiuri as-
peqtebis kavSiris formas warmoadgens.
amrigad, imis miuxedavad, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlis-

68
l. ivanovis dasax. naSromi, gv. 37.
1026
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis problematikaSi,
rogorc Cans, amosavali samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobaa, mainc arsebobs ufro zogadi meT-
odologiuri safuZveli, romelic am mimarTebiT ufro
nayofieria. kerZod, iuriuli piri, rogorc adamianTa
friad aucilebeli saqmianobis gansakuTrebuli or-
ganizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma, pasuxismgeblobis
reJimSi dgas, radgan, am reJimis gareSe aranairi urT-
ierToba ar arsebobs. cxadia, igulisxmeba, potiuri
pasuxismgebloba, romelic garkveuli urTierTobis
formaSi vlindeba. iuridiuli piris organizaciul-
samarTlebriv formaSi mosaqme fizikuri piri, ro-
melic marTavs iuridiul pirad wodebul organizacias,
warmoeba-dawesebulebas, moqmedebs iuridiuli piris
saxeliT, an mis interesebSi. bunebrivia, Tu es fizi-
kuri piri valdebulia moqmedebdes iuriduli piris
damafuZnebeli dokumentiT (wesdebiTa an debulebiT)
dadgenil farglebSi, da mowodebulia, am valdebule-
bas moekidos pasuxismgeblurad. Tu iuridiuli piris
am organizaciul-samarTlebriv formaSi mosaqme fizi-
kuri piri, romelic pasuxismgebelia iuridiuli piris
sawesdebo amocanebis SesrulebisTvis, daarRvevs masze
dakisrebul movaleobas, imoqmedos marTlzomierad, is
moqmdebs marTlsawinaaRmdegod. Tu es fizikuri piri
marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebulbas ekideba upasux-
ismgeblod, maSin is moqmedebs braleulad, amitom
negatiuradaa pasuxismgebeli misive upasuxismgeblobi-
sa da misi SedegebisTvis. Aaqedan gamomdinare, ` brali
sisxlis samarTalSi SeiZleba ganisaRvros, rogorc`
marTlzomieri qmedebis valdebulebisadmi subi-
eqtis upasuxismgeblo damokidebuleba, romelic
sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli mar-
1027
TlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis CadeniT gamoixateba. ` 69
cxadia, iuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobis dasab-
uTebis es zogadi meTodologiuri safuZveli samar-
Tlis nebismieri dargisTvis saerToa, Tumca samarTlis
TiToeuli dargis specifikac mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes
miRebuli. Mmagram amjerad am zogadi meTodologiuri
problemebiT SemovifarglebiT, radgan, organizebuli
danaSaulebis problematikaSi amgvari zogadi midgoma
sakmarisia. miT ufro, rom iuridiuli piris sisxlis-
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis problema sisxlis
samarTlis zogadi nawilis 2007 wlis, agreTve, 2011
wlis saxelmZRvaneloSi ukve ganvixileT.
69
g. naWyebia, sisxlis samarTali, saxelmZRvanelo, zogadi
nawili, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 155.
1028
informacia proeqtis monawileTa Sesaxeb
guram naWyebia,
iuridiul mecnierebaTa
doqtori,
proeqtis samecniero
xelmZRvaneli
1964 wels warCinebiT daamTavra

samtrediis raionis didi jixaiSis
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumi, 1972
wels aseve warCinebiT – iv. javax-
iSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax-
elmwifo universitetis iuridiuli
fakulteti, 1972 wels amave universitetis aspirantura
sisxlis samarTlis specialobiT; daicva sakandidato da
sadoqtoro disertaciebi; aris iuridiuli mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori; 2005-2011 wlebSi orjer iyo arCeu-
li xsenebuli unversitetis iuridiuli faultetis sisx-
lis samarTlis mimarTulebis srul profesorad; aris amave
universitetis iuridiul fakultetze arsebuli sisxlis
samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis procesis samecniero-
kvleviTi institutis koordinatori; amave fakultetis
sadisertacio sabWos wevri.
gamoqveynebuli aqvs 63 naSromi, maT Soris 9 wigni, saxelmZRva-

nelo sisxlis samarTlis zogad nawilSi (2011), damxmare sax-
elmZRvanelo qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciaSi (2010), erTi
leqciebis kursi (2002), danarCeni eqvsi wigni ki monogra-
fiaa.
1031
giorgi goraSvili,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
menejeri
2000 wels warCinebiT

daamTavra ivane javaxiS-
vilis saxelobis Tbili-
sis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis iuridiuli fa-
kulteti. 2001 wels Ca-
iricxa amave fakultetis
aspiranturaSi kriminologiis specialobiT. 2005 wlidan
2011 wlamde iricxeboda ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakul-
tetis doqtoranturaSi. 2011 wels daicva sadoqtoro di-
sertacia Temaze: „terorizmis kriminologiuri daxasiaTe-
ba.~
2000-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa samini-

stros akademiis mecnier-TanamSromeli. 2005 wlidan dRem-
de ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-
versitetis iuridiuli fakultetis asisitent profesori.
2009 wels mieniWa ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis samecniero

stipendia. 2009 wels gaimarjva konkursSi da dajildovda
prezidentis grantiT àxalgazrda mecnierTaTvis.~
aris aTamde samecniero naSromis avtori, aqedan _ erTi

monografiis.
1032
goCa mamulaSvili,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
monawile

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-
tis iuridiuli fakulteti, xolo
1993 wels aspirantura da daicva
sadisertacio naSromi sisxlis
samarTlis specialobiT. Aamave
periodidan dRemde eweoda peda-
gogiur da samecniero saqmianobas
Tsu iuridiul fakultetze jer maswavleblis, Semdeg do-
centis, bolos sruli profesoris akademiur Tanamdebobaze.
Ggamoqveynebuli aqvs ocamde samecniero naSromi, romelTa
Soris aRsaniSnavia: pasuxismgebloba saxelmwifo danaSau-
lisaTvis (TanaavtorobiT), Tb., 2000; pasuxismgebloba sa-
mewarmeo da sxva ekonomikuri danaSaulisaTvis (Tanaavto-
robiT), Tb., 2000, saerTaSoriso danaSaulis kodifikaciis
zogierTi aspeqti, saxelmwifosa da samarTlis aqtualuri
problemebi, saiubileo krebuli miZRvnili Tsu iuridiuli
fakultetis 80 wlisTavisadmi. Tb., 2003; pasuxismgebloba
saerTaSoriso danaSaulisaTvis (TanaavtorobiT) Tb., 2003;
sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo stu-
dentebisaTvis, Tavi XIV, Tb., 2007; sisxlis samarTlis ker-
Zo nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, ortomeuli, redaqtori da Ta-
naavtori. Tb. 2007-2011; sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo
praqtikis komentari, ekonomikuri danaSauli (Tanaavtoro-
biT), Tb., 2004; sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo praqtikis
komentari, danaSauli adamianis winaaRmdeg (TanaavtorobiT),
Tb., 2008; sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyofi-
saTvis, Jurnali marTlmsajuleba da kanoni, #2 (9), Tb.,
2006. Trefikingis msxverplis momsaxurebiT sargebloba,
Jurnali cxovreba da kanoni, 2010 #1 da sxv.
1033
nona Todua,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
monawile

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbi-
lisis saxelmwifo universite-
tis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1982
wels gaxda amave fakultetis
aspiranti sisxlis samarTlisa
da kriminologiis mimarTulebiT.
1990 wels daicva sakandidato
disertacia. 1984 wlidan dRem-
de aris iuridiuli fakulte-
tis TanamSromeli – uf/laboranti, maswavlebeli, docenti,
asocirebuli profesori, mowveuli profesori, asocirebu-
li profesori. 2009 wlidan 2011 wlis oqtombramde iyo
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis asocirebuli pro-
fesori.2010 wlis oqtombridan 2011 wlis oqtombramde
iyo kavkasiis universitetis samarTlis skolis sisxlis
samarTlis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, asocirebuli pro-
fesori.
aris 22 samecniero naSromis avtori. aqedan, ori monogra-

fiis avtori da sami saxelmZRvanelos Tanaavtori.
aris sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso konferenciis monawile.

kerZod:
2006 wels TinaTin wereTlis dabadebis 100 wlisTavisadmi

miZRvnil samecniero konferenc- momxsenebeli Temaze: saqarTve-
los sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Taviseburebani;
2007 wlis 18-23 ivnisSi – monawileobda fridrix Sileris
1034
saxelobis ienis universitetisa da ivane javaxiSvilis sa-
xelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli
fakultetebis TanamSromlobis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli
sisxlis samarTlis erToblivi saxelmZRvanelos gamocemisadmi
miZRvnil samecniero konferenciaze, rogorc momxsenebeli
Temaze: safrTxis deliqtebi da mcdelobis sakiTxi ara-
pirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenil danaSaulSi; 2008 wlis 18-23
ivnisSi – monawileobda fridrix Sileris saxelobis ienis
universitetisa da iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis TanamSromlobis far-
glebSi ganxorcielebul sisxlis samarTlis erToblivi
saxelmZRvanelos gamocemisadmi miZRvnil konferenciaze. 2011
wlis 6-9 oqtomberSi – monawileobda, rogorc momxsenebeli
iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisa da
saqarTvelos universitetis organizebiT Catarebul qarTvel
sisxlis samarTlis mecnier-iuristTa pirveli profesiuli
Sexvedraze Temaze: „sisxlis samarTlis mecniereba erTiani
evropuli ganviTarebis procesSi` rogorc momxsenebeli
(bralis misatevebeli garemoebani qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi).
aris ramdenime samecniero grantis monawile. kerZod: 2002

_ 2003 ww-Si monawileobda saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris
warmomadgenlobis grantSi (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze
sasamarTlo praqtikis komentari _ ekonomikuri danaSauli);
2008-2011 ww-Si monawiloebda rusTavelis fondis mier
dafinansebul samecniero grantSi: òrganizebuli dana-
Saulis Tanamedrove gamovlinebebis kriminalizaciisa da sa-
marTalSefardebis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi~.
1035
revaz gogSeliZe,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
monawile
1985 wels warCinebiT

daamTavra iv. javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis sa-
xelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakulteti.
1977 wels man daicva
sakandidato disertacia Temaze: sasamarTlo-kriminalisti-
kuri saeqsperto dawesebulebebis Camoyalibeba da ganviTa-
reba saqarTveloSi.
igi 1985 wlidan 2011 wlamde iyo iuridiuli fakulte-

tis TanamSromeli - sisxlis samarTlis procesisa da
kriminalistikis laboranti, maswavlebeli, docenti, sruli
profesori da mowveuli profesori. wlebis ganmavlobaSi
iyo fakultetis dekanis moadgile saswavlo dargSi.
igi aris 23 samecniero naSromos avtori. maT Soris sax-

elmZRvanelos avtori da Tanaavtori kriminalistikaSi
da sisxlis samarTlis procesSi.
monawileobas iRebda sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso konferenci-

ebSi da samecniero proeqtebSi, kerZod:
2002 wlis 10-17 TebervalSi - monawileobda q. vaSington-

Si, aSS iusticiis departamentis mier organizebul kon-
ferenciaSi `samarTaldamcavi organoebis organizaciuli
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb~; 2002 wlis martSi – monawileobda
q. budapeSti gamarTul konferenciaze: `prokuratura de-
1036
mokratiul sazogadoebaSi~, rogorc momxsenebeli Temaze:
`prokuraturis rolis Sesaxeb demokratiul sazogadoe-
baSi~ da miRebuli aqvs samecniero premia; 2002 wlis 7-14
dekemberSi – monawileobda q. berlinSi, konrad adenaueris
fondis mier organizebul konferenciaze _ `samarTaldam-
cavi organoebis reformirebis Sesaxeb~; 2007 wlis 18-
23 ivnisSi - monawileobda rogorc momxsenebeli fridrix
Sileris saxelobis ienis universitetisa da ivane javaxiS-
vilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iu-
ridiuli fakultetebis TanamSromlobis farglebSi ganx-
orcielebuli sisxlis samarTlis erToblivi saxelmZR-
vanelos gamocemisadmi miZRvnil konferenciaze; 2008 wlis
9-14 marti – miwveuli iyo oqsfordis universitetSi,
oqsfordis mrgvali magidis wevris statusiT, narkomaniis
problemebTan dakavSirebiT.
2008-2011 ww. iyo rusTavelis fondis mier dafinansebuli

samecniero grantis: òrganizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove
gamovlinebebis kriminalizaciisa da samarTalSefardebis
problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi~ monawile.
1037
daviT sulaqveliZe,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
monawile
daibada 1955 wlis 5 ianvars

zestafonis raionis sofel
pirvel svirSi.
1979 wels daamTavra ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbi-
lisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis iuridiuli fakultetis dRis ganyofileba war-
CinebiT.
1982 wlidan eweva samecniero da saleqcio-pedagogiur

saqmianobas saqarTvelos sxvadasxva umaRles saswavlebleb-
Si. 1982-1995 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis ekonomikisa da samarTlis institutSi mecnier-
TanamSromlad, xolo Semdeg saxelmwifosa da samarTlis
institutSi ufros mecnier-TanamSromlad.
1993 wels daicva disertacia sisxlis samarTalSi Temaze:

„nebayoflobiT xelis aReba danaSaulis Cadenaze` da mien-
iWa iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxi.
1994-1999 wlebSi iyo samarTlebrivi reformebis sax-

elmwifo komisiis saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis SemmuSavebeli qvekomisiis wevri da saqarTvelos
axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis saredaqcio
jgufis wevri.
1994-2007 wlebSi sxvadasxva dros imyofeboda samecnie-

ro staJirebaze fraiburgis (gfr) saerTaSoriso sisxlis
samarTlis institutSi.
1038
2010 wlidan muSaobs Tbilisis Tavisufali universitetis
samarTlis skolaSi, aris sruli profesori.
daviT sulaqveliZes gamoqveynebuli aqvs 20 samecniero naS-

romi.
1039
irakli dvaliZe,
samarTlis doqtori,
samecniero proeqtis
monawile
ganaTleba
1995-2000 wlebi _ iv. ja-

vaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbili-
sis saxelmwifo universite-
tis iuridiuli fakulteti.
warCinebis di plomi. kvalifi-
kacia: iuristi.
2000-2006 wlebi _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis aspi-
rantura.
2006-2008 wlebi _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis doq-
torantura.
2008 wlis 30 aprili _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbi-

lisis saxelmwifo universitetis samarTlis doqtoris
akademiuri xarisxi. sadisertacio Tema: `motivisa da miznis
zegavlena qmedebis kvalifikaciasa da sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobaze.~
profesiuli gamocdileba
2000-2005 wlebi _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbili-

sis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis
sisxlis samarTlisa da kriminologiis kaTedris labo-
ranti, Semdgom maswavlebeli.
1040
2005 wlis seqtembridan dRemde _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxe-
lobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli
fakultetis asistent-profesori sisxlis samarTlis mi-
marTulebiT.
2003-2006 wlebi _ saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa

asociaciaSi leqciebis kursi: `sisxlis samarTali.~
2007 _ 2008 wlebi _ saqarTvelos advokatTa asociacia:

leqciebis kursi sisxlis samarTalSi.
2009 wlidan dRemde _ saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa

asociaciaSi leqciebis kursi: `kazusis amoxsnis meTodika
sisxlis samarTalSi.~
samecniero naSromebi
1. xuTi samecniero statia;

2. ori saxelmZRvanelos Tanaavtori;
3. ori qarTuli saxelmZRvanelos samecniero redaqtori;
4. erTi germanulidan qarTulad Targmnili saxelmZRva-
nelos samecniero redaqtori.
1041
proeqtis monawileebi guliTad madlobas uxdian rus-
Tavelis erovnul samecniero fonds, ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis xelmZRva-
nelobas da administraciul personals, amave universite-
tis iuridiul fakultets, saqarTvelos sasamarTlo xe-
lisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, saqarTvelos iusticiisa da
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenlebs, gamomcemloba
`favorit prints~ da yvela im adamians, vinc monawileoba
miiRo winamdebare naSromis gamocemaSi.
redaqtori
iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori guram naWyebia
gamocemaze muSaobdnen
operatori: liana beselia

koreqtori: naTia osanaZe
koreqtori: leila kirTaZe
damkabadonebeli: sofiko taryaSvili
daibeWda Sps ` favoriti printSi~
q. Tbilisi, CubinaSvilis q. #50
tel : 2 951-952
o rganiz e bu li danaSaulis
organizebuli danaSau lis Tanamedrove
T anamedro ve gamovlinebebis
gamo vlinebebis kriminalizaciisa
kriminaliz aciisa da
sa marTalSef ardebis pproblemebi

samarTalSefardebis ro blemebi qarTul
o
qarTul
organizebuli
gamovlinebebis
rganiz ebu li danaSaulis
gamo vlinebebis kriminaliz

kriminalizaciisa
samarTalSefardebis pproblemebi
ro blemebi
aciisa da
danaSau lis Tanamedrove

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o rganiz e bu li danaSaulis

organizebuli danaSau lis Tanamedrove

sa marTalSef ardebis pproblemebi

qarT u l sisxlis samarTalSi

aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis

xanmokle sicocxlis miuxedavad, man mainc SeZlo Tavisi

batoni rezo gogSeliZis naSromi mocemul wignSi kidev

guram naWyebia – iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori,

giorgi goraSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

goCa mamulaSvili – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

nona Todua – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero proeq-

revaz gogSeliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

daviT sulaqveliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

irakli dvaliZe – samarTlis doqtori, samecniero

winamdebare naSromi, romelic organizebuli danaSau-

saqarTveloSi xsenebuli problemebis kvlevam aCvena,

naSromSi gamokveTilia organizebuli danaSaulis

amasTan, mkiTxveli advilad darwmundeba, rom naSromSi

Tavi II gaerTianebuli danaSaulebrivi

Tavi II adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

Tavi IV arasrulwlovniT - vaWrobis

sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis Semdeg, nacionaluri saxelm-

qarTul sazogadoebaSi didi gaqaneba hpova danaSaule-

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arCevanis winaSe dadga: mas

organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeq-

migvaCnia, rom samecniero potenciali qveynis aRmSene-

aqtiuri sakanonmdeblo muSaobis Sedegad SemuSavebul-

mocemuli naSromi organizebuli danaSaulis socialu-

naSromi saintereso unda iyos araiuristi, rigiTi mki-

§ 1. pasuxismgebloba organizebuli danaSaulisTvis

SeniSvna: organizebuli danaSaulis cneba da problema,

organizebuli danaSauli iuridiuladac da logikura-

aRsaniSnavia, rom organizebuli danaSauli erTi an ram-

1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 27-e mux-

sakiTxavia: ratom araa aq organizatori? Tu ar

debuleba, rom sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

debuleba, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-

rogorc Cans, qmedebis Semadgenlobis problema, miT

organizebuli danaSaulebrivi qmedeba SeiZleba

gasagebia, rom amgvari mravalwaxnagovani movlenis

sul sxvaa am mxriv mkvlelobis damamZimebeli garemoe-

mkvlelobis, rogorc danaSaulis, da mkvlelobis

rogorc Cans, organizebuli danaSaulis cneba saWiroa

§ 2. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminalizaciis kri-

Aaq, pirvel rigSi, dasaxelebulia zogierTi ganzrax da-

rogorc vxedavT, aq organizebuli danaSaulis krimi-

garda amisa, am konvenciidan gamomdinareobs, rom or-

§ 3. danaSaulSi `aucilebeli Tanamonawileobis~

arsebobs organizebuli danaSaulis iseTi konkretuli

mokled gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT e.w. qurduli

§ 4. qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba da

qmedebis danaSaulad saxelmwifoebrivi kvalifikaci-

samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis cneba yofil

avtori, am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, imiTac dainteres-

amrigad, aSkara xdeba, rom yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi kan-

§O 5. organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri daxa-

organizebuli danaSaulis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi

am naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom organizebuli danaSau-

1. organizebuli danaSauli SedarebiT mdgradi sis-

Oorganizebuli danaSaulis konkretuli niSnebi:

1. jgufi ideologizirebuli araa;

Umecnierebi ufro konkretul niSnebsac asaxeleben:

amave naSromSi nacadia klasifikacia organizebulobis