Physical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibre and Their Applications in Textile - Textile Learner

10/15/2020 Physical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibre and Their Applications in Textile - Textile Learner
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An Overview on Physical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibre and

Their Applications in Textile
Dhiraj Kalgonda Balanna
B-Tech. in Textile Technology
DKTE’s Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India
Email: dhirajbalanna4@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
Textile fibre is the material obtained from natural or synthetic source. Fibre which are obtained from
natural source are mainly termed as natural fibre, as they are originated from natural source, there are
three main source from that natural fibre can be produced. Cellulose fibre (origin from plant), protein fibre
(origin from animal) and also mineral fibre. This three kinds of fibre could produces staple yarn (short
fibre) in which fibre length is not too longer as compared to that of synthetic fibre. A natural fibre may
further defined as an agglomeration of cells in which diameter is negligible in comparison with length.
Although natural fibre material, specially cellulosic type such as cotton, in which number can be used for
for textile products and other industrial purpose. Apart from economical consideration, usefulness of fibre
for commercial purpose is determined by properties of fibre like length, strength, pliability, elasticity
abrasion resistance, absorbency and various surface property. hence study of fibre property is important.
Natural fibre are classified according to their origin. Vegetable or cellulose base, class include fibre such as
cotton, flax, and jute. The animal or protein based fibre include wool, mohair and silk. An important class in
mineral class is asbestos. Study of fibre property is important because properties of fibre are mainly
concerned with internal and surface structure of fibre and both are control the behaviour of fibre in yarn and
fabric.
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Textile Calculation | Different Formula of
Textile Calculation
1
1. COTTON FIBRE
Parts of a Sewing Machine and Their
Cotton fiber is the purest source of cellulose and the most significant natural fiber. It is more popular for its
Functions | Different Parts of Hand
variety of use. Cotton fibre is most used fibre for producing various type of fabric through all over the world.
Operated Sewing Machine 2
https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2019/02/properties-natural-fibre.html 1/16
Cotton fabric are comfortable to wear because of their unique fibre property. It has its own physical and Types of Bra | Different Types of
chemical property which give better processing I spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing and finishing. Bra/Brassiere for Women
3
Printing Method | Method of Printing |

Printing Processes | Different Types of
Printing Method | Block Printing | Roller
Printing | Screen Printing | Transfer Printing
| Heat Transfer Printing | Ink-Jet Printing |
Carpet Printing | Warp Printing | Resist
Printing | Photographic Printing | Pigment
Printing | Blotch Printing | Burn-Out
Printing | Direct Printing | Discharge
Printing | Duplex Printing 4
Dyeing Process | Different Types of Dyes |

Classification of Dyes
5
Process Flow Chart of Garments

Manufacturing | Sequence of Garments
Fig: Cotton fiber Production Process 6
Physical property of cotton fiber: Textile Manufacturing Process | Process
Flow Chart of Textile Manufacturing
7
Tensile strength – cotton is moderately strong fibre. Tenacity of cotton fibre is lies between 3-5
gm/denier Characteristics of Silk Fabrics | Properties
of Silk Fabrics 8
Breaking elongation - 8-10%
Specific gravity – 1.54 gm/cc

Sponsored
Moisture regain – standard is 8.5
Color – normally the color of cotton is creamy white
Chemical property of cotton fiber:
Effect of acid- Concentrated acid such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid damages the fibre. But
weak acid not damages the fibre.
Effect of alkali – Alkali does not damages the fibre
Effect of organic solvent – Cotton is dissolve in concentrated 70% H2SO4
Application of cotton:
1. Shirts
2. Blouses
3. Childrens wear
4. Swimwear
5. Suits
6. Jacket
7. Skirts
8. Pants
9. Sweaters
10. Hosiery
11. Table cloths Important Categories
12. Table mats Accessories Advanced Dyeing Automation
13. Napkins Bleaching Bra Calculation Campus
You may also like: An Overview of Cotton Fiber Carding Career Circular Knitting
Clothing Color Color Fastness Combing
2. WOOL FIBRE Computer Costing Cotton Count

Wool is second most important fibre of animal origin. it is keratinous type of protein base fibre. Major Cutting Defects Denim Disperse Dye
amount of wool is produced in australia and New zealand. Wool fibre possesses a feature called ‘crimp’, Drafting Dye Dyeing Dyeing Auxiliaries
which is permanent wave. and fine wool are more crimpy.
Dyeing M/C Ebooks Enzyme ETP
Experiment Fabric Fabric Manufacturing
Fabric Stracture and Design Fabric Test
Factory Fashion Fashion and Design
Fiber Finishing Finishing M/C Flow Chart
Garment Wash Garments M/C
Garments Manufacturing IE Inspection
Jute Fiber Jute Spinning Knitting
Knitting M/C Loom Machines
Maintenance Manmade Fiber Marker
Medical Textile Mercerizing Merchandising
Microfiber Nanotechnology Needle
Nonwoven Pattern Pigment

Fig: Wool fibre
Plasma Technology Polyester
Physical properties of wool fibre:
Pretreatment Printing
1. Length- length of wool fibre may be vary from 3.6 to 35 cm Printing and Finishing Properties
Questions Reactive Dye Recycling

2. Fineness- fineness range- 10-70 microns Report Research Ring Frame
Merino wool- 10-30 micron Rotor Spinning Safety Textile Sample
Carpet wool- 20- 70 micro Scouring Seam Sewing Sewing M/C
Silk Simplex Singeing Sizing

3. Cross section- cross section of wool fibre it may be vary from circular to elliptical.
Smart Textile Software Special Dye
Special Fabric Special Fiber

4. Crimp-
Special Finishing Spinning Spinning M/C
Fine wool - 14-22 crimps per inch
Stitch Sulpher Dye Technical textile
Medium wool - 8-14 crimps per inch
Testing M/C Textile News Textile Terms
Coarse wool - upto 8 crimps per inch
Thesis Thread TTQC Twist
5. Strength- Avg strength of wool fibre is 1 to 1.7 gram per denier Undergarment Uster M/C Vat Dye
Warp Knitting Warping Washing Wastage

6. Colour- colour may yellowish but may be brown to black
Water Weaving Wet process Winding
Wool Yarn
7. Lustre -
Coarse fibre - high lustre Our App @ Play Store

Fine fibre - less lustre
8. Elongation - 25-35%
9. Moisture regain - 15-18 %
10. Specific gravity - 1.3 to 1.32 gm/cc
11. Elasticity - 90-92%
12. L:D - 3000:1
Chemical properties of wool fiber:
1. Action of heat - heated in dry air at 100 to 110 c over a long period it loses its moisture and strength.
Decompose and turn to yellow colour.
2. Effect of water and steam- Exposed to water and steam , with or without tension ,wool will change in
its shape and affinity to dye.
3. Effect of Acid - with conc. acid like Hcl and H2so4 , wool is hydrolyzed immediately and salt is
formed with amino compound which dissolve in acid medium.
4. Effect of alkali- wool dissolve completely in 5% haoH (caustic soda ) at boil. And disintegrated with
dilute NaoH.
5. Effect of salt - calcium and magnesium salt in hard water causes yellowish effect on prolonged
boiling.
6. Action of oxidizing agent - damage of wool is more or less depending upon temp., conc., and pH.
Applications of wool:
Blankets
Clothing
Upholstery
Outerwear
Suits
Carpets
Insulation, etc.
You may also like: Basic Concept of Wool: Production to Application
3. JUTE FIBRE
Jute is a natural fiber popularly known as the golden fiber. It is one of the cheapest and the strongest of all
natural fibers and considered as fiber of the future. Jute occupies second place next to cotton in worlds
production of natural fibre.
Fig: Jute fibre
Physical properties of jute fibre:
Fibre length - 50 to 300 mm
Fibre diameter - 0.035 to 0.14 mm
Specific gravity - 1.48 gm/cc
Fibre denier - 6 to 50
Tenacity - 2.7 to 5.3 gm/tex
Breaking elongation - 0.8 to 1.8 %
Moisture regain - 13 %
L:D - 110 to 140
Unit cell length 0.8 to 6 mm
Traverse swelling in water - 20 to 22 %
Chemical properties of jute fibre:

1. Chemical composition
Cellulose - 58-63%
Hemicellulose - 20- 22%
Lignin - 12 - 14.5 %
Wax and fats - 0.4 -0.8%
Pectin - 0.2 -0.5 %
Protein - 0.8 - 2.5 5
Mineral matter - 0.6 -1.2%
2. Prolonged heating causes degradation of jute fibre.
3. Action of heat - strong acid at boiling causes hydrocellulose and lead to loss in strength. But dilute acid
have no effect on jute fibre.
4. Action of alkali- Dilute alkali has no effect of jute fibre, but strong alkali at boil causes loss in strength.
Application jute fibre:
1. Industrial textile
Tarpaulin
Jute geotextile
2. Apparel textile
outerwear
suits
hessian cloth
3. Home textile
floor covering
carpets
upholstery
chair covering
curtains
You may also like: Features of Jute Fiber | Properties of Jute Fiber | Characteristics of Jute Fiber |
Uses of Jute Fiber
4. SILK FIBRE
Silk is natural protein fibre, some forms of which can be woven into textile. The protein fibre of silk is mainly
composed of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon. The best known silk is
obtained from cocoons of the larvae mulberry silkworm bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The
shimmering appearance of silk is due triangular prism like structure of silk fibre, which allows the silk cloth
to refract incoming light at different angle, thus producing different colour. Indian silk industries are very
ancient mainly in cottage right from cocoon production to fabric. India is only one country which produces
commercially available four varieties of silk i.e mulberry, tasar, Eri and muga.
Fig: Silk fibre
Physical properties of silk fibre:

1. Length - silk is longest fibre of about 1000 mt ( unbroken filament )
2. Diameter - 0.013 to 0.08 mm
3. Denier - 2.3 ( raw state ) and 1 to 1.3 ( Boiled state )
4. Microscopy-
cross section - Elliptical
longitudinal view - Rough surface
5. Moisture regain - 11% at 65 % R.H and 27 c

6. Tensile strength - 3 to 4.5 gram per denier
7. Elongation - 18 to 22 %
8. Electrical property - poor conductor of electricity and accumulation of static charge.
9. Density - 1.33 gm/cc ( Raw state ) and 1.25 gm/cc ( Boiled state )
Chemical properties of silk fibre:
1. Action of heat - At 170 c silk is rapidly disintegrated. On burning it liberates and colour similar to
burning of hair.
2. Action of acid - Lusture of the silk increases as it absorb the dilute acid. It can decomposed by strong
mineral acid. Conc. acid such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid dissolve the silk.
3. Action of Alkali - silk is not sensitive to dilute alkali but strong caustic alkali dissolve the silk.
4. Effect of organic solvent - Cleaning solvents and spot removing solvents like carbon tetrachloride,
Acetone etc. do not damage the silk.
5. Effect of sunlight - sunlight tend to accelerate the decomposition of silk. It increases oxidation and
result in fibre degradation.
Biological property of silk:

Silk is resistance to attack by mildew, other bacteria, and fungi. It is decomposed by rot producing
conditions
Applications of silk:
➢ Home textile
Decorative curtains
Upholstery
Silk throws and pillows
➢ Apparel textile
Silk sarees
Decorative outerwear
➢ Medical textile
Absorbent pad
Wound contact layer
You may also like: Silk Fiber: Production to Application
5. FLAX FIBRE
Flax is bast fibre found in stem of the plant “Linum usitatissimum”. Flax (Linum usitatissimum) also known
as common flax or linseed, is the member of genus linum in the family linaceae. Textile made from flax in
western country are known as linen, and traditionally used for bed sheet, undercloth and tablecloth. Word
“FLAX” refer to unspun fibre of flax plant. The fibres from bundles or strands that are present in fibrous
layer lying beneath the bark of the plant. In inner bark of this plant there are long, slender, thick- walled
cells of which fibre strand are composed. Flax plants grows to a height of about 0.5 to 1.25 meter. Stem
has diameter between 1.6 to 3.2 mm. Seeds in plants are contained in small spherical balls, at the top of
the stalks; this is called the linseed, from which linseed oil is produced. Flax is cultivated in cold and humid
condition. Mejor source of flax is from old USSR, other countries having flax growing area are Egypt,
Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Feance, USA, Canada, Australia etc.
Fig: Flax fibre
Physical properties of flax fibre:
Length - Avg. length of flax fibre varies from 90 to 125 cm
Diameter - Avg. diameter is about 0.02 mm
Tensile strength - Tenacity varies from 6.5 to 8 gram per denier
Elongation - Elongation at break is approx. 1.8 % (dry) and 2.2 % (wet)
Specific gravity - 1.50 gm/cc
Colour - Brownish, gey, yellowish, light.
Lustre - Good lustre because of natural wax content.
Moisture regain - 12% (std)
Abrasion resistance - Moderate
Thermal property - excellent conductor of heat
Resilience - Poor electricity
Washing property - completely washable.
Dimensional stability - Good but tends to crease more easily.
Chemical properties of flax fibre:
Action of Acid - There is no effect of dilute acid on flax fibre if it washed immediately , but
concentrated acid damages the flax fibre.
Effect of alkali - Flax fibre has an excellent resistance of alkali. It is not degraded by strong alkali.
Effect of bleaches - Cool chlorine and hypo chloride bleaches does not affect flax fibre.
Dyes - It is not suitable for dyes, but it can be dyed by direct or vat dye.
Application of flax:
1. Household clothing
2. Sheeting
3. Lace
4. Canvas
5. Sewing threads
6. Surgical threads
7. Table cloth
8. Bed linen
9. Wall covering
10. Insulations
11. Draperies
You may also like: Flax Fiber | Properties of Flax Fiber | History of Flax Fiber | Applications of Flax
Fiber | Uses of Flax Fiber
6. BANANA FIBRE
BANANA is common name for herbaceous plants of genus musa. This fibre is also known as manila hemp.
Banana fibre is lingo cellulose fibre obtained from pseudo- stem of banana plant. It is a bast fibre with
relatively good mechanical properties. Banana plant is found in japan, india, indonesia, philippines and
central america. They are cultivated primarily for their fruits and to lesser extent for the production of fibre.
The fibre are present in the outermost layer of leaves (10-20%) and 80% in stem. The banana fibre are the
waste product of banana cultivation.Therefore without any additional cost these fibre can be obtained for
industrial purpose.
Fig: Banana fibre
Physical characteristics of banana fibre:
Banana fibre is similar to that of bamboo fibre, but its fineness and spin ability is better.
It is highly strong fibre
It has smaller elongation.
It has got shiny appearance depending upon its extraction and spinning process.
It is lightweight
It absorb as well as release the moisture very fast.
It is biodegradable and it has no adverse effect on environment. So that it can be classified as eco
friendly fibre.
Chemical property of banana fibre:
Applications of banana fiber:
Marine ropes
Cables
Mats
Abrasive backing paper
Attractive pattern cloth
Pillows, matrices,cushions
Cushion cover
Table cloth
Bags
Curtains
You may also like: Properties of Banana Fiber | Manufacturing Process of Banana Fiber |
Application of Banana Fiber
7. BAMBOO FIBRE
‘BAMBOO’ fibre is cellulose fibre extracted from natural growth of bamboo, is the fifth natural fibre following
the cotton, linnen, wool and silk. Bamboo is fastest growing woody plant on this planet. It grows one third
fastest than fastest growing tree. Sometime growth of bamboo is approximately three feet over day.
Bamboo fibre comes from nature, and completely returns to nature in end, therefore bamboo fibre is
praised as ‘Natural, green and eco friendly new type of textile material of 21st century’. Bamboo is
biodegradable textile material. As natural cellulose fibre, it can be 100% biodegradable in soil by
microorganism and sunlight. Its decomposition process doesn’t cause any pollution environment. Bamboo
products are further characterized by its good hydrophilic nature, excellent permeability, soft feel, excellent
dyeing behaviour and its antibacterial property.
Fig: Bamboo fiber
Features of bamboo fibre:
1. Bamboo fibre has good durability, luster, stability, moderate tenacity and good spinnability.
2. It is naturally antibacterial, UV protective, biodegradable, breathable cool, strong flexible, soft and it
has better shiny appearance.
3. Bamboo fibre are further characterized by its good hydrophobic nature, good permeability, soft feel,
excellent dyeing behaviour and its antimicrobial property.
4. Bamboo fibre absorb and evaporate moisture quickly.

5. It is more breathable, so it give better comfort to wearer.
6. Bamboo fibre has various micro gaps and micro holes leading to much better moisture absorption and
ventilation.
7. Bamboo fibre can be softer than silk fibre when spun into yarn.
Physical characteristics of bamboo fibre:
End uses or Application of bamboo fiber:
● Apparel textile :
Sweaters
Bath suits
Mats
Blankets
Towels
Underwear
Socks
● Medical textile :
Sanitary napkins
Masks
Mattress
Food packaging bags
Bandage
Gowns
Surgical cloth
● Home textile:
Curtains
Wall paper
Sofa covers
Table cloth
Bed sheets
You may also like: Bamboo Fiber | Bamboo Fabric | Production Process of Bamboo Fabric | Uses of
Bamboo Fabric
8. SISAL FIBRE
‘SISAL’ is the most widely used natural fibre and its cultivation is comparatively easy. It is obtained from
sisal plant. Scientific name of sisal fibre is ‘Agava sisalana’. Sisal plant consist of a rosette of sword-shaped
leaves about 1.5 to 2.00 meters tall. The sisal fibre has a 7 to 10 years life span and typically produces
200-250 commercially usable leaves. Each leaf contain an average of about 1000 fibre. The fibre are
account only for 4% of plant by wight. Sisal fibre are made from the large spear shaped tropical leaves of
Agava sisalana plant. Sisal fibre are extracted by a process known as decortication. Sisal fibre is fully
biodegradable and it is highly renewable resource of energy. Sisal fibre is exceptionally durable and low
maintenance with minimum wear and tear. fibre is too tough for textile and fabrics. It is not suitable for
smooth wall finish and also not recommended for wet areas. Sisal fibre has an average length of 0.6 to 1.2
meter, and it is creamy white to yellowish in colour.
Fig: Sisal fibre
Properties of sisal fibre:
1. Sisal is exceptionally durable and recyclable.

2. It is antistatic, does not dust particle and does not absorb moisture or water easily.
3. Fine fibre ( from outer leaf skin ) takes dyes easily, offers the largest range of dyed colour.
4. It has good sound and impact absorbing property.
5. Its leaves can be treated with natural borax for fire resistance property.
6. Sisal fibre is creamy white in colour.
7. Avg.fibre length 80 to 120 cm and 0.2 to 0.4 mm in diameter
8. Coarse and inflexible.
Chemical composition sisal fibre:
End uses (Application) of Sisal fibre:
Paper industry (lower grade fibre)
Ropes (medium grade fibre)
Carpets (higher grade fibre)
Filters
Geotextile
Mattresses
Handicrafts
Wire rope cover
Woven floor covering etc.
You may also like: Sisal Fiber | Properties of Sisal Fiber | Uses/Application of Sisal Fiber
9. PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBRE (PALF)

‘PALF’ is obtained from the leaves of the plant ‘Ananas cosmosus’. Plant belongs to bromeliaceae family.
Pine is spanish word which mean cone shaped. At present, PALF is widely cultivated for fruit in the tropical
and subtropical region of the world. Philippines and Taiwan are the chief producer of pineapple plant. But it
is also available in Brazil, Indonesia, India and west indies. Cultivated land in india is about 87200 hectares
given by SITRA. Pineapple natural fibre have excellent mechanical strength, but due to lack of knowledge
is still not utilized properly. It can be used in various application like artificial fibre as sound absorber and
thermal insulator. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of the abundantly available waste material of malaysia.
PALF can be new source of raw material for the industries and can be potential replacement of the
expensive and non renewable synthetic fibre.
Fig: Pineapple leaf fibre
Properties of PALF or pineapple leaf fibre:
Optical microscope - PALF is multi cellulose fibre like other vegetable fibre. Cells in the fibre have an
avg. diameter of about 10 micron and mean length 4.5 mm.
Electronic microscope - PALF has a scaly cellular structure with vegetable matter intact. In raw fibre,
lumen is present in cross section , hollow structure represent that PALF will have high insulation
power and high absorbency.
Physical characteristic - ( Ultimate cells )
Thermal property - Thermal conductivity of PALF is found to be low at 0.0273 watts/m2/k which
suggest that these fibre could be used as good thermal insulators.
Chemical property of PALF:
Effect of Alkali - When the PALF is treated with 18% NaoH it enhances the breaking elongation and it
also result in length shrinkage.
Effect of H2O2 - Hydrogen peroxide improve its fineness by 5 to 6 %, but reduces tensile strength by
40 to 45 % .
Dyeing property - PALF has higher dye absorption tendency as compared to cotton due to its higher
moisture regain.
Application of pineapple leaf fibre:
1. Barong tagalog
2. Wedding dresses
3. Table linen
4. Mats
5. Bags
6. Shoes
7. Sports items
8. Upholstery
9. Reinforced roofing
10. KAPOK FIBRE

KAPOK fibre is one of the natural cellulose fibre which grown on kapok plant. This fibre is also known as
silk cotton because its natural luster is similar to that of pure silk. kapok is similar to cotton but it can be
easily distinguished, when it tested under microscope. short length and smooth surface of fibre, causes
poor interfiber friction so that it can be easily processed on modern spinning machine.
Fig: Kapok fibre
Properties of kapok fibre:
1. Average linear density - 0.064 tex

2. Average diameter - 2.5 micrometer
3. Average length - 20 mm
4. Fineness - 0.4 - 0.6 denier
5. Tenacity - 1.4 to 1.74 gm/den.
6. Elongation at break -1.8 to 4.23
7. Absorbency - kapok fibre has high lumen percentage, because of this it has excellent oil absorbency
and retention capacity.
8. Lightweight - kapok fibre is 8 time lighter than cotton by volume

9. Effect of acid - kapok fibre shows good resistance to acid and it not affected by acid.
10. Effect of alkali - kapok fibre is not affected by alkali, that shows good resistance to alkali.
11. Chemical composition
● Cellulose - 64 %
● Lignin -13 %
● Pentose - 23 %
End uses of kapok fibre-
1. Mattress
2. Clothing
3. Technical textile
4. Insulating material
5. Medical textile
6. Cushions
7. Upholstery furniture
8. Life jackets
11. COIR FIBRE

Coir fibre is 100% natural fibre and originate in outer husk of coconut, and it comes from part of the
seedpod of the coconut palm. It is the one of the natural fibre abundantly available in tropical region. It is
mainly extracted from husk of the coconut fruit. The structure of coir fibre cell is narrow and hollow, with
thick wall made up of cellulose. Mature fibre contains more lignin, a complex woody chemical, but less
cellulose than fibres such as flax or cotton. This makes coir much stronger , coarser and less flexible. Coir
fibre is relatively waterproof.
Fig: Coir fibre
Physical property of coir fibre:
1. Avg. length - 6 to 8 inch.

2. Density - 1.44 gm/cc
3. Tenacity - 10 gm/ tex
4. Breaking elongation - 30 %
5. Swelling in water - 5 %
6. Moisture regain - 10.50%
Chemical composition of coir:
Lignin - 45.84 %
Cellulose - 43.44
Hemi-cellulose -0.25 %
Pectins -3 %
Water soluble - 5.25 %
Ash - 2.22 %
End uses of coir fibre:
1. Rope
2. Door mats
3. Mattresses
4. Geotextile
5. Home decoration pieces
6. Toys
7. Brushes
You may also like: Properties of Coconut/Coir Fiber | Manufacturing Process of Coconut Fiber |
Application of Coconut Fiber
REFERENCES:
1. Properties of Natural Fibre - Scribd https://www.scribd.com › doc › Properties...

2. http://textilefashionstudy.com/physical-chemical-properties-of-jute-identity-of-jute-fiber/
3. A Review on Pineapple Leaves Fibre and Its Composites - Hindawi https://www.hindawi.com ›
journals › ijps
4. Silk Fiber | Physical And Chemical Properties Of Silk | Textile Fashion ...
5. Introduction of Textile Fiber | Classification of Textile Fiber - Textile Learner textilelearner.blogspot.com
› 2011/05
6. Wool | animal fibre | Britannica.com https://www.britannica.com › topic › w

7. Properties of Banana Fiber | Manufacturing Process of Banana Fiber ... textilelearner.blogspot.com ›
2014/01
8. Flax Fiber | Properties of Flax Fiber | History of Flax Fiber | Applications of ...
textilelearner.blogspot.com › 2011/08 › f...
9. Introduction Of Bamboo Fiber – Blogs

10. Natural Fibres from Sisal | Wild Fibres natural fibres
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An Overview on Physical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibre and

Printing Method | Method of Printing |

Dyeing Process | Different Types of Dyes |

Process Flow Chart of Garments

Specific gravity – 1.54 gm/cc

Color – normally the color of cotton is creamy white

Chemical property of cotton fiber:

Effect of alkali – Alkali does not damages the fibre

Effect of organic solvent – Cotton is dissolve in concentrated 70% H2SO4

Clothing Color Color Fastness Combing

2. WOOL FIBRE Computer Costing Cotton Count

Experiment Fabric Fabric Manufacturing

Fabric Stracture and Design Fabric Test

Factory Fashion Fashion and Design

Fiber Finishing Finishing M/C Flow Chart

Garment Wash Garments M/C

Garments Manufacturing IE Inspection

Jute Fiber Jute Spinning Knitting

Knitting M/C Loom Machines

Maintenance Manmade Fiber Marker

Medical Textile Mercerizing Merchandising

Microfiber Nanotechnology Needle

Nonwoven Pattern Pigment

Questions Reactive Dye Recycling

Merino wool- 10-30 micron Rotor Spinning Safety Textile Sample

Carpet wool- 20- 70 micro Scouring Seam Sewing Sewing M/C

Silk Simplex Singeing Sizing

Special Fabric Special Fiber

Warp Knitting Warping Washing Wastage

Coarse fibre - high lustre Our App @ Play Store

9. Moisture regain - 15-18 %

10. Specific gravity - 1.3 to 1.32 gm/cc

11. Elasticity - 90-92%

12. L:D - 3000:1

Chemical properties of wool fiber:

You may also like: Basic Concept of Wool: Production to Application

Fig: Jute fibre

Physical properties of jute fibre:

Fibre length - 50 to 300 mm

Fibre diameter - 0.035 to 0.14 mm

Specific gravity - 1.48 gm/cc

Tenacity - 2.7 to 5.3 gm/tex

Breaking elongation - 0.8 to 1.8 %

L:D - 110 to 140

Unit cell length 0.8 to 6 mm

Traverse swelling in water - 20 to 22 %

Chemical properties of jute fibre:

Hemicellulose - 20- 22%

Wax and fats - 0.4 -0.8%

Pectin - 0.2 -0.5 %

Protein - 0.8 - 2.5 5

Mineral matter - 0.6 -1.2%

2. Prolonged heating causes degradation of jute fibre.

Application jute fibre:

Fig: Silk fibre

Physical properties of silk fibre:

cross section - Elliptical

longitudinal view - Rough surface

5. Moisture regain - 11% at 65 % R.H and 27 c