SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND JOB SATISFACTION OF

HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLTEACHERS IN KANYAKUMARI

DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Socio-economic status is an economic and sociological combined total

measure of a person’s work experience and of an individual’s or family’s

economic and social position in relation to others, based on income,

education, and occupation. When analyzing a family’s socio-economic status,

the household income, earners’ education, and occupation are examined.

1.2 GENDER

It is observed that gender is a factor which influences the job satisfaction of

the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district. It is observed

that male teachers have more job satisfaction than female teachers. Female

teachers face a lot of problems at their homes and at the schools. They face

problems during their travel to school. Therefore, naturally they are at a tense

mood when they are involved in teaching. But male teachers will be getting

sufficient time at home for the preparation of lessons for classes. They find

no difficulty in travel to school. So they will be having a peaceful atmosphere

when they are involved in their work. Thus, the job satisfaction of higher

secondary school teachers differs due to the factor, gender.

Table .1 shows the classification of the respondents on the basis of gender.

 Table -1
GENDERWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
Educational District ( No. of Respondents)
S.No. Gender
Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i
1 Male 46 (41.44 38 (47.5%) 81 (44.02%) 165 (44.00%)
%)
2 Female 65 42(52.5%) 103 (55.98%) 210 (56.00%)
(58.55%)
Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)
Source: Primary Data
It is assessed from table 1, that out of the total 111 respondents in Thuckalay

educational district, 46 respondents (41.44 percent) are malemembers and

the remaining 65 respondents (58.55 percent) are female ones, out of the

total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai, 38 respondents (47.5 percent) are male

members and 42 respondents (52.5 percent) are female ones, and out of the

total 184 respondents in Nagercoil, 81 respondents (44.02 percent) are male

members and the majority 103 respondents (55.98 percent) are female ones.

But the gender wise classification of Kanyakumari exhibits that out of the total

375 respondents, 165 (44.00 percent) are male members and the majority 0

respondents (56.00 percent) are female ones. Table 2 shows the statistical

analysis for gender.

 Table - 2

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR GENDER

Educational District

S. Gender Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No.
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Scores Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Deviation

1 Male 44.80 8.054 41.76 4.402 49.77 16.277 46.54 12.755

2 Female 41.57 5.514 40.69 4.770 41.02 7.694 41.12 6.540

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is assessed from table 2 that the arithmetic mean and the standard

deviation are calculated on the basis of gender in the study area. It is seen

from table 4.2 that the mean scores of the respondents of Thuckalay, are

42.91 and the standard deviation is 6.840 for Kuzhithurai, the mean scores of

the respondents are 41.20 and the standard deviation is 4.602 for Nagercoil,

the mean scores of the respondents are 44.87 and the standard deviation is

12.953 and for Kanyakumari the mean scores of the respondents are 43.51

and the standard deviation is 10.124. This analysis indicates that the male

teachers have higher job satisfaction than the female teachers because

mean scores of the male respondents are higher than that of the female

teachers in all the four educational districts. Job satisfaction of the higher

secondary school teachers on the basis of the variable, gender for all the

educational districts is analyzed with the help of the statistical tool ANOVA. It

is presented in table 3.

Table - 3

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT GENDER GROUPS

S. No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 6.316 0.013

2 Kuzhithurai 1.085 0.301

3 Nagercoil 23.178 0.000

4 Kanyakumari 28.378 0.000

Source: Primary Data
It can be inferred from table 3 that the calculated F value 6.316 for

Thuckalay, 23.178 for Nagercoil, and 28.378 for Kanyakumari educational

districts are significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values are less than

0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant difference in job satisfaction

among higher secondary school teachers with regard to gender” is disproved.

Therefore, it can be concluded that gender is a significant variable in

determining the job satisfaction among the higher secondary school teachers

in Kanyakumari district, except in Kuzhithurai educational district. It indicates

that gender is not a significant factor in determining the job satisfaction in

Kuzhithurai region.

1.3 AGE

Age is the most important factor which mostly influences the job satisfaction

of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district. Young and

newly appointed teachers are more dynamic and energetic and are more

ambitious. However, job satisfaction increases with the experiences of elderly

teachers. Thus job satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers differs

with their age. Table 4 shows the classification of the respondents on the

basis of age.
 Table -4

AGEWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S.No. Age
Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i
1. Below- 30 8 (7.20%) 5 (6.25%) 31 (16.85%) 44 (11.73%)

2. 31 to 40 41 (36.94%) 38 (47.5%) 79 (42.93%) 159 (42.4%)

3. 41 to 50 43 (38.74%) 31 (38.75%) 54 (29.35%) 128(34.13%)

4. 51 to 60 19 (17.12%) 6 (7.5%) 20 (10.87%) 44 (11.74%)

Total 111(100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is seen from table 4 that out of the total 111 respondents in Thuckalay

educational district, only 8 respondents (7.20 percent) are below 30 years of

age, 41 respondents (36.94 percent) are between the age group of 31 and 40

years, 43 respondents (38.74 percent) are between the age group of 41 and

50 years, 19 respondents (17.12 percent) are between the age group of 51

and 60 years of age. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai

educational district, only 5 respondents (6.25 percent) are below 30 years of

age, 38 respondents (47.5 percent) are between the age group of 31 and 40

years, 31 respondents (38.75 percent) are between the age group of 41 and

50 years, and only 6 respondents (7.5 percent) are between the age group of

51 and 60 years of age. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil

educational district, 31 respondents (16.85 percent) are below 30 years of

age,
79 respondents (42.93 percent) are between the age group of 31 and 40

years, 54 respondents (29.35 percent) are between the age group of 41 and

50 years

and 20 respondents (10.87 percent) are between the age group of 51 and 60

years of age. Out of the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari district, 44

respondents (11.73 percent) are below 30 years of age, 159 respondents

(42.4 percent) are between the age group of 31 and 40 years, 128

respondents (34.13 percent) are between the age group of 41 and 50 years,

and 44 respondents (11.74 percent) are between the age group of 51 and 60

years of age. It is vivid from this analysis that young teachers, below 30 years

of age and senior teachers above 50 years of age are lesser in number when

compared with the teachers between the age group of 31 and 50 years in the

study area. Table 5 shows the statistical analysis of the respondents on the

basis of age.
 TABLE- 5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR AGE

Educational District

S. Age Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No.
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Scores Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Deviation

1 Below 30 43.63 4.627 43.20 4.382 49.39 17.033 47.64 14.669

2 31 to 40 43.02 6.366 40.47 5.106 45.34 14.957 43.55 11.437

3 41 to 50 42.60 7.248 41.61 4.204 42.89 7.659 42.48 6.812

4 51 to 60 43.05 8.031 42.00 2.683 41.35 4.171 42.18 6.013

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table 5 that the teachers of the age group of below 30

years have a higher job satisfaction than the other age group teachers in all

the educational districts. In order to know the influence of the factor, age on

the level of satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers in all the regions

of Kanyakumari district, an analysis with the help of ANOVA is made. It is

shown in following table 6.

Table - 6

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 0.063 0.979

2 Kuzhithurai 0.767 0.516

3 Nagercoil 2.250 0.084

4 Kanyakumari 0.3183 0.024

Source: Primary Data

It is inferred from table 6 that the calculated F value 0.063 for Thuckalay,

0.767 for Kuzhithurai and 2.250 for Nagercoil educational districts are not

significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values are more than 0.05, the null

hypothesis, “there is no significant difference in job satisfaction among

different age groups of higher secondary school teachers” is proved. Hence,

it can be concluded that age is not a significant variable in determining

the job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in Thuckalay,

Kuzhithurai and Nagercoil educational districts.But the calculated F value

3.183 for Kanyakumari educational district is significant at 5 percent level.

Since the P value for Kanyakumari educational district is less than 0.05, the

null hypothesis is disproved. Hence, it can be concluded that age is a

significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari educational district.

1.4 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

It is observed that educational qualification is a factor which influences the

job satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari

district. Teachers with more educational qualification may be having more job

satisfaction than teachers with less educational qualification. Generally, well

educated people will perform better than less qualified teachers. Thus, there

is a difference in the job satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers with

reference to educational qualification. Table .7 shows the classification of the

respondents on the basis of educational qualification.

 Table - 7

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S.No. Educational
Qualification Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

1 Arts 54 (48.65%) 50 (62.5%) 74 (40.22%) 178 (47.47%)

2 Science 42 (37.84%) 25 (31.25%) 67 (36.41%) 134 (35.73%)

3 Others 15 (13.51%) 5 (6.25%) 43 (23.37%) 63 (16.8%)

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is assessed from table 7 that out of the total 111 respondents in Thuckalay,

54 (48.65 percent) are qualified in arts subjects, 42 (37.84 percent) are

qualified in science subjects and 15 (13.51 percent) are qualified in other

subjects such as physical education and vocational subjects. Out of the total

80 respondents in Kuzhithurai, 50 (62.5 percent) are qualified in arts

subjects, 25 (31.25 percent) are qualified in science subjects and 5 (6.25

percent) are qualified in other subjects such as physical education and

vocational subjects. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil, 74 (40.22

percent) are qualified in arts subjects, 67 (36.41 percent) are qualified in

science subjects and 43 (23.37 percent) are qualified in other subjects such

as physical education and vocational subjects. In Kanyakumari, out of the

total number of 375 respondents, 178 (47.47 percent) are qualified in arts

subjects,134 (35.73 percent) are qualified in science subjects and 63 (16.8

percent) are qualified in other subjects such as physical education and

vocational subjects. Table 8 shows the statistical analysis for different

educational qualifications of the respondents in the study area.

 Table - 8

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Educational District

S. Educational Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No. Qualification
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Scores Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Deviation

1 Arts 42.24 7.145 40.90 4.635 43.99 11.722 42.59 8.920

2 Science 42.90 5.244 41.68 4.871 45.24 12.835 43.84 9.831

3 Others 45.33 9.263 41.80 3.114 45.81 15,193 45.38 13.324

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is seen from table 8 that the teachers who have other qualifications such as

physical education and vocational qualification have higher job satisfaction

than that of the teachers who have qualification in arts and science subjects.

In order to identify the influence of the variable, educational qualification on

job satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in all the educational

districts, the statistical tool ANOVA is used. The result of the analysis is

shown in table 9.

Table - 9

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL

QUALIFICATIONS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 1.204 0.304

2 Kuzhithurai 0.280 0.757

3 Nagercoil 0.311 0.733

4 Kanyakumari 1.893 0.152

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table 9 that the calculated F value 1.204 for

Thuckalay, 0.280 for Kuzhithurai, 0.311 for Nagercoil and 1.893 for

Kanyakumari, are not significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values for all

the regions are more than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant

difference in job satisfaction among different educational qualification” is

proved. Hence, it can be concluded that educational qualification is not a

significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers in all the educational districts of Kanyakumari

district.
 1.5 LOCALITY OF THE SCHOOL

It is observed that locality of the school is a factor which influences the job

satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

Rural schools are run in small, overcrowded buildings with children squeezed

into small rooms with poor ventilation. In many cases no electrical facilities

are available. Urban schools are run in better buildings and have good

infrastructure. Therefore, urban school teachers may be having more job

satisfaction than that of the rural school teachers. Table 10 shows the

classification of the respondents on the basis of locality of the school.

Table- 10

LOCALITYWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S. Locality of
No. the School Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

1 Rural 100 57 88 245

(90.09%) (71.25%) (47.83%) (65.33%)
2 Urban 9 21 87 117
(8.10%) (26.25%) (47.28%) (31.2%)
3 Semi –Urban 2 2 9 13
(1.81%) (2.5%) (4.89%) (3.47%)
Total 111 80 184 375
(100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)
Source: Primary Data
It can be inferred from table 10 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay, 100 (90.09 percent) are working in rural schools and 9 (8.10

percent) are in urban schools and only 2 (1.81 percent) are in semi- urban

schools. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai, 57 (71.25 percent)

are working in rural schools, 21 (26.25 percent) are in urban schools and only

2 (2.5 percent) are in schools of semi-urban areas. Out of the total 184

respondents in Nagercoil, 88 (47.83 percent) are working in rural schools, 87

(47.28 percent) are in urban schools and 9 (4.89 percent) are in schools of

semi-urban areas. Out of the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari, 245

(65.33 percent) are working in rural schools, 117 (31.2 percent) are in urban

areas and 13 respondents (3.47 percent) are in schools of semi-urban areas.

Table 11 shows the statistical analysis of the respondents on the basis of

locality of the school.

 Table - 11

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE BASIS OF LOCALITY OF THE SCHOOL

Educational District

S. Locality of Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No. the School
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 Rural 43.15 6.574 40.60 4.271 46.38 14.522 43.70 10.075

2 Urban 41.56 9.735 42.76 5.366 43.75 11.328 43.41 10.392

3 Semi urban 37.00 4.243 42.00 1.414 41.00 10.464 40.77 8.814

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is also concluded from table .11 that the teachers of rural area schools

have higher job satisfaction than the urban and semi-urban area school

teachers because mean scores of the rural area school teachers are higher

than that of the other areas in all the educational districts except in

Kuzhithurai educational district where urban area school teachers have

higher job satisfaction than the other locality schools. In order to know the

influence of the factor, locality on job satisfaction of higher secondary school

teachers in all the regions of Kanyakumari district the statistical tool ANOVA

is used for analysis. It is shown in following table 12.

Table - 12

JOB SATISFACTION AND LOCALITY OF THE SCHOOLS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 0.984 0.377

2 Kuzhithurai 1.764 0.178

3 Nagercoil 1.327 0.268

4 Kanyakumari 0.524 0.592

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table 12 that the calculated F value is 0.984 for

Thuckalay, 1.764 for Kuzhithurai,1.327 for Nagercoil and 0.524 for

Kanyakumari educational districts are not significant at 5 percent level. Since

the P values for all the educational districts are more than 0.05, the null

hypothesis, “there is no significant difference in job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers with regard to the locality of the school” is

proved. Hence, it can be concluded that locality of the school is not a

significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

1.6 MARITAL STATUS

The marital status of the respondents has been identified as one of the

factors which influences the job satisfaction of the higher secondary school

teachers in Kanyakumari district. Some teachers leave the profession after

their marriage. Once they get married, their family responsibilities become

more. Therefore, married teachers have less job satisfaction than unmarried

teachers. Unmarried teachers will be getting sufficient time for preparation of

lessons for their classes. Therefore, they will be having a peaceful

atmosphere when they are involved in their work. Thus, job satisfaction of

higher secondary school teachers differs due to their marital status. Table .

13 shows the classification of the respondents on the basis of marital

status.
 Table -13

MARITAL STATUSWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

S.No Educational District ( No. of Respondents)

Marital
Status Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

1. Married 106 78 169 353

(95.5%) (97.5%) (91.85%) (94.13%)
2. Unmarried 2 2 15 19
(1.80 %) (2.5%) (8.15%) (5.07%)
3. Widow 2 - - 2
(1.80 %) (0.53%)
4. Separated / 1 - - 1
divorced (0.90%) (0.27%)
Total 111 80 184 375
(100%)) (100%) (100%) (100 %)

Source: Primary Data

It is identified from table 13 that out of the 111 respondents in Thuckalay, 106

(95.5 percent) are married, 2(1.80 percent) are unmarried, and again 2 (1.80

percent) are widows and only one (0.90 percent) is separated/divorced. Out

of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai, 78 (97.5 percent) are married, only

2 (2.5 percent) are unmarried. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil,

169 (91.85 percent) are married, and 15 (8.15 percent) are unmarried. Out of

the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari, 353 (94.13 percent) are married,

19 (5.07 percent) are unmarried, and 2 (0.53 percent) are widow and only

one (0.27 percent) is separated / divorced. Table 14 shows the statistical

analysis of the respondents on the basis of their marital status.

 Table - 14

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR MARITAL STATUS

Educational District

Marital Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

S. No. Status
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 Married 42.92 6.989 41.19 4.660 44.85 13.282 43.46 10. 279

2 Unmarried 40.50 0.707 41.50 .707 45.13 8.725 44.26 7.894

3 Widow 44.50 0.707 - - - - 44.50 0.707

4. Separated / 44.00 - - - - - 44.00 -

divorced
Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is also known from table 14 that the unmarried teachers have higher job

satisfaction than the other category of teachers in Kuzhithurai and Nagercoil

educational districts.In order to identify the influence of the variable marital

status on job satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in all the

educational districts, the statistical tool ANOVA is used. The result of the

analysis is shown in table 15.

Table - 15

JOB SATISFACTION AND MARITAL STATUS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 0.124 0.946

2 Kuzhithurai 0.007 0.935

3 Nagercoil 0.009 0.926

4 Kanyakumari 0.045 0.987

Source: Primary Data

It is inferred from table 15 that the calculated F value is 0.124 for Thuckalay,

0.007 for Kuzhithurai, 0.009 for Nagercoil and 0.045 for Kanyakumari are not

significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values for all the regions in

Kanyakumari district are more than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with difference in marital status” is proved. Hence, it can be

concluded that marital status is not a significant variable in determining the

job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in all the regions of

Kanyakumari district.
 1.7 NATURE OF THE SCHOOL IN WHICH THE RESPONDENTS

ARE EMPLOYED

The nature of the school in which the respondents are employed has been

identified as one of the important factors which influences the job satisfaction

of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district. In Tamil

Nadu, higher secondary schools are run by the Government and private

managements. Aided schools are controlled by the private managements but

funded by the Government. But self-financing schools are fully controlled and

funded by private managements. Normally, Government higher secondary

school teachers have more job satisfaction than the aided and unaided

higher secondary school teachers. Self- financing school teachers face a lot

of problems in their schools than the Government and aided school teachers.

Thus, the job satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers differs due to

the nature of the school in which the respondents are employed. Table 16

shows the classification of the respondents on the basis of nature of the

school in which the respondents are employed.

 Table - 16

NATURE OF THE SCHOOLWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S. Nature of
No. School Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

1. Govt. Higher 52 17 60 129

Secondary (46.85%) (21.25%) (32.61%) (34.4%)
Schools
2. Aided Higher 53 58 104 215
Secondary (47.75%) (72.5%) (56.52%) (57.33%)
Schools
3. Self-Financing 6 5 20 31
Higher (05.40%) (6.25%) (10.87%) (08.27%)
Secondary
Schools
111 80 184 375
Total
(100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)
Source: Primary Data

It can be assessed from table 16 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay, 53 (47.75 present) are aided school teachers, 52 (46.85 percent)

are Government school teachers, and 6 (05.40 percent) are self- financing

school teachers. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai, 58 (72.5

percent) are aided school teachers, 17 (21.25 percent) are Government

school teachers and 5 (6.25 percent) are self- financing school teachers.out

of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil educational district, 60 (32.61

percent) are Government school teachers, 104 (56.52 percent) are aided

school teachers, and 20 (10.87 percent) are self-financing school teachers.

Out of the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari educational district, 129

(34.4 percent) are Government school teachers, 215 (57.33 percent) are

aided school teachers, and 31 (08.27 percent) are self-financing school

teachers. Table 4.17 shows the statistical analysis of the respondents with

reference to the nature of higher secondary schools.

 Table - 17

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR NATURE OF SCHOOL

Educational District
S. Nature of Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari
No. School Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation
Govt. Higher
1 Secondary 42.77 4.350 42.24 4.982 43.67 6.930 41.58 7.93
School
Aided Higher
2 Secondary 43.11 8.807 40.50 4.289 45.76 16.120 45.85 11.821
School
Self-
Financing
3 Higher 42.33 5.354 45.80 4.324 43.85 6.938 42.40 12.324
Secondary
School
Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is concluded from table 17 that the aided higher secondary school teachers

have higher job satisfaction than the Government and self- financing higher

secondary school teachers because mean scores of the aided higher

secondary school teachers are higher than that of the other type of schools in

all the educational districts except Kuzhithurai educational district. In

Kuzhithurai educational district, self- financing school teachers have higher

job satisfaction than that of the other school teachers. To analyze the

influence of the nature of school on job satisfaction of the teachers, the

statistical tool ANOVA is used. The result is presented in table 18.

Table - 18

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT NATURE OF SCHOOLS IN

WHICH THE RESPONDENTS ARE EMPLOYED

S.No. Educational district F P value

1 Thuckalay 0.055 0.947
2 Kuzhithurai 3.860 0.025
3 Nagercoil 0.564 0.570
4 Kanyakumari 0.651 0.731

Source: Primary Data

It is inferred from table 4.18 that the calculated F value 0.055 for Thuckalay,

0.564 for Nagercoil and 0.651 for Kanyakumari are not significant at 5

percent level. Since the P values for Thuckalay, Nagercoil and Kanyakumari

educational districts are more than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with difference in nature of schools ” is proved. Hence, it can be

concluded that nature of school is not a significant variable in determining the

job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in Thuckalay

,Nagercoil and Kanyakumari educational districts. But the calculated F value

3.860 for Kuzhithurai is significant at 5 percent level. Since P value for

Kuzhithurai, educational district is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is

disproved. Hence, it can be concluded that the nature of school is a

significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers in Kuzhithurai educational district.

1.8 DESIGNATION

Designation of the respondents has been identified as one of the important

variables which influences the job satisfaction of the higher secondary school

teachers in Kanyakumari district. The designation of the respondents has

been classified into four categories such as headmaster, assistant

headmaster, PG Assistant and others. Headmasters face a lot of problems

both at their homes and at schools. So naturally they are at a tense mood

when they are involved in administration and management. PG Assistants do

not face such a type of problem as that of a headmaster. They have less

administrative work and responsibilities. Therefore, PG assistants have more

job satisfaction than the headmasters. Thus, job satisfaction of higher

secondary school teachers differs due to their designation.Table.19 shows

the classification of the respondents on the basis of their designation.

Table - 19
 DESIGNATIONWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Educational District(No. of Respondents)

S. Designation
No. Thuckalay Kuzhithur Nagercoil Kanyakuma
ai ri
1. Headmaster 6(05.41%) - 3.0 8 (2.13%)
(1.63%)
2. P.G Assistant 46 48 (60.0%) 82 177 (47.2%)
(41.44%) (44.57%)
3. Asst. Headmaster 1 (0.9%) - 4 (2.17%) 5 (1.33%)

4. Others 58 32 95 185
(52.25%) (40.00%) (51.63%) (49.34%)
Total 111 80 (100%) 184 375 (100 %)
(100% ) (100%)
Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table 19 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay educational district, 6 (05.41percent) are Headmasters, 46 (41.44

percent) are P.G. Assistants and only one (0.9 percent) is Assistant

headmaster, and 58 (52.25 percent) are in other designations. Out of the total

80 respondents in Kuzhithurai educational district, 48 (60.0 percent) are PG

Assistants, and 32 (40.0 percent) are others. In Nagercoil area, 82 (44.57

percent) are P.G Assistants and 95 (51.63 percent) have other designations.

Out of the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari district, 177 (47.2 percent)

are P.G Assistants and 185 respondents (49.34 percent) have other

designations. Table 20 shows the statistical analysis of the respondents on

the basis of designation.

 Table - 20

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DESIGNATION

Educational District

S. Designation Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No.
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1. Headmaster 41.17 4.070 - - 44.67 13.204 42.25 8.067

2. P.G Assistant 41.72 6.953 40.42 4.690 47.30 15.286 43.97 11.650

3. Asst.
Headmaster 51 - - - 45.50 25.723 46.60 22.412

4. Others 43.90 6.861 42.38 4.271 42.75 9.525 43.04 8.022

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is concluded from table 20 that in Thuckalay educational district, as the

Assistant Headmasters have more mean scores than the others, they have

higher job satisfaction than the teachers with other designations. Because of

having higher mean scores by P.G Assistant teachers in Nagercoil

educational district, they have more job satisfaction than the teachers with

other designations. In Kanyakumari district, Assistant Headmasters have

higher job satisfaction than the teachers with other designations, because of

having higher mean scores. In order to know the influence of the factor,

designation on the level of satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers in

all the regions of Kanyakumari district it is analyzed with the help of ANOVA.

It is shown in table 21.

Table -.21

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE TEACHERS WITH DIFFERENT

DESIGNATIONS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 1.484 0.223

2 Kuzhithurai 3.591 0.062

3 Nagercoil 1.845 0.141

4 Kanyakumari 0.442 0.723

Source: Primary Data

It is evident from table 21 that the calculated F value of 1.484 for Thuckalay,

3.591 for Kuzhithurai, 1.845 for Nagercoil, and 0.442 for Kanyakumari

educational district are not significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values

for all the study areas are more than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with different designation” is proved. Hence, it can be concluded

that designation is not a significant variable in determining the job satisfaction

among higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

1.9 NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

It is observed that nature of employment is a factor which influences the job

satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

The permanent teachers have more job satisfaction than the temporary

teachers. The temporary teachers face a lot of problems. The conventional

sources of job dissatisfaction are less salary, no chance for promotion, no job

security and no autonomy of work. The nature of employment influences the

job satisfaction of the teachers. Thus, job satisfaction of higher secondary

school teachers differs due to their nature of employment. Table .22 shows

the classification of the respondents on the basis of nature of employment.

 Table - .22

NATURE OF EMPLOYMENTWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

S. Nature of Educational District (No. of Respondents)

No. Employment
Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i
1. Permanent 102(91.89% 72 (90.0%) 159(86.41% 333(88.8%)
) )
2. Temporary 9 (8.11%) 8 (10.0%) 25 (13.59%) 42 (11.2%)

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is ascertained from table .22 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay educational district, 102 (91.89 percent) are permanent teachers

and the remaining 9 (8.11 percent) are temporary teachers and out of the

total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai educational district, 72 (90.0 percent) are

permanent teachers and the remaining 8 (10.0 percent) are temporary

teachers. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil educational district,

159 (86.41 percent) are permanent teachers and the other 25 (13.59 percent)

are temporary teachers. But the nature of employmentwise classification in

Kanyakumari exhibits that out of the total 375 respondents majority of the

respondents i.e. 333 (88.8 percent) are permanent teachers and the

remaining 42 (11.2 percent) are temporary teachers. Table 23 shows the

statistical analysis of the respondents on the basis of nature of employment.

 Table -23

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

Educational District

S. Nature of Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No. Employment
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 Permanent 42.97 7.028 40.29 4.619 45.33 13.119 43.73 10.207

2 Temporary 42.22 4.381 40.38 4.658 41.96 11.660 41.71 9.353

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 6.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is also inferred from table 23 that the permanent teachers have higher job

satisfaction than the temporary teachers because mean scores of the

permanent teachers are higher than that of the temporary teachers in all the

educational districts. For assessing the influence of the variable, nature of

employment in the job satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers, it

is analyzed with the help of the statistical tool ANOVA. The result is shown in

table .24.

Table - 24

JOB SATISFACTION ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 0.098 0.755

2 Kuzhithurai 0.283 0.596

3 Nagercoil 1.463 0.228

4 Kanyakumari 1.485 0.224

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from the table .24, that the calculated F value 0.098 for
Thuckalay, 0.283 for Kuzhithurai, 1.463 for Nagercoil and 1.485 for
kanyakumari are not significant at 5 percent level. Since P values for all the
study areas are more than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant
Difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers with

different nature of employment” is proved. Hence, it can be concluded that

nature of employment is not a significant variable in determining the job

satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

1.10 EXPERIENCE

Experience of the respondents has been identified as one of the important

factors mostly influencing the job satisfaction of the higher secondary school

teachers in Kanyakumari district. Experienced teachers are more committed

than single, young and less experienced teachers. Young teachers may be

aspiring for other better jobs. Such teachers will be less committed to the

present teaching job. Therefore, is observed that experienced teachers have

more job satisfaction than the less experienced teachers. The extent of job

satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers differs due to their

experience. The table .25 shows the classification of the respondents on the

basis of experience of school teachers.

 Table - .25

EXPERIENCEWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

S. Educational District (No. of Respondents)

No. Experience
Thuckalay Kuzhithura Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i i
1. up to 3 years 15 (13.52 11 (13.75 35 61 (16.27%)
%) %) (19.02%)
2. 3 to 6 years 22 16 (20.0%) 47 (25 . 85 (22.67 %)
( 19.82%) 54%)
3. 6 to 9 years 21 27 (33.75%) 31(16.85 79 (21.06%)
(18.92%) %)
4. 9 to 12 years 24 (21 . 10 (12.5 %) 32 66 (17.6 %)
62%) (17.39%)
5. Above 12 29 16 (20.0%) 39 (21. 84 (22.4%)
years (26.12%) 20%).

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 375 (100%)

(100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is seen from table .25 that out of total 111 respondents in Thuckalay

educational district, 15 (13.52 percent) are in the experience group of up to 3

years, 22 (19.82 percent) have 3 to 6 years, 21 (18.92 percent) have 6 to 9

years, 24 (21.62 percent) have 9 to 12 years and 29 (26.12 percent) have

more than 12 years of experience. Out of the total 80 respondents in

Kuzhithurai educational district, 11 (13.75 percent) are in the experience

group of up to 3 years, 16 (20.0 percent) have 3 to 6 years, 27 (33.75

percent) have 6 to 9 years, 10 (12.5 percent) have 9 to 12 years and 16 (20.0

percent) have more than 12 years of experience. Out of the total 184
respondents in Nagercoil educational district, 35 (19.02 percent) have

experience up to 3 years, 47 (25.54 percent) have 3 to 6 years, 31 (16.85

percent) have 6 to 9 years, 32 (17.39 percent) have 9 to 12 years and 39

(21.20 percent) have more than 12 years of experience. Out of the total 375

respondents in Kanyakumari, 61 (16.27 percent) have experience up to 3

years, 85 (22.67 percent) have 3 to

6 years, 79 (21.06 percent) have 6 to 9 years, 66 (17.6 percent) have 9 to 12

years and 84 (22.4 percent) have more than 12 years of experience. Table .

26 shows the statistical analysis on the basis of experience of the teachers.

 Table - 26

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIENCE

Educational District

S. Experience Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No.
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 up to 3 years 42.87 3.739 38.09 5.431 46.69 14.862 51.03 18.045

2 3 to 6 years 43.00 4.419 42.44 5.240 44.67 11.528 46.21 14.809

3 6 to 9 years 38.29 6.334 41.11 3.704 40.90 7.201 42.48 9.432

4. 9 to 12 years 46.13 8.985 42.20 5.903 43.26 8.424 41.44 8.285

5. above 12 years 43.55 6.473 41.63 3.181 42.67 6.875 42.44 8.201

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is concluded from table 26 that in the Thuckalay educational district 9 to 12

years of experience group teachers have higher job satisfaction than the

other experience group teachers as this group teachers have obtained more

mean scores than the other teachers. In Kuzhithurai educational district,

teachers who have 3 to 6 years of experience have higher job satisfaction

than the other experience group teachers as their mean scores are higher

than that of the other experience group teachers. In Nagercoil and

Kanyakumari up to 3 years of experience group teachers have higher job

satisfaction than the other experience group teachers as they have obtained

higher mean scores.

The ANOVA test is used to identify the extent of the influence of the variable

experience over the job satisfaction on the higher secondary school teachers

for all the educational districts. The test result is given in the table 27.

Table - 27

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE GROUPS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 4.235 0.003

2 Kuzhithurai 1.765 0.145

3 Nagercoil 3.449 0.010

4 Kanyakumari 3.334 0.011

Source: Primary Data
It can be inferred from table 27 that the calculated F value 4.235 for

Thuckalay, 3.449 for Nagercoil, 3.334 for Kanyakumari are significant at 5

percent. As the P values are less than 0.05, the null hypothesis “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with different experiences” is disproved. Hence, it can be concluded

that experience is a significant variable in determining the job satisfaction

among higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district except in

Kuzhithurai region. It indicates that experience is not a significant factor in

determining the job satisfaction of Kuzhithurai region.

1.11 SOCIAL STATUS

The socio-economic background varies from community to community. It is

observed that higher secondary school teachers, belonging to different

communities with strong economic background have a high level of job

satisfaction and the respondents with least economic background have a low

level of job satisfaction. Hence, it has been considered as an important factor

for analysis. Thus, job satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers

differs. Table 28 shows the classification of the respondents on the basis of

social status.
 Table - 28

CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE BASIS OF SOCIAL

STATUS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S. Social
No. Status
Thuckalay Kuzhithura Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i i
1. OC 1 (0.90%) 2 (2.5 %) 13(7.06 %) 16 (4.27%)

2. BC 104 144
72 (90.0 %) 320 (85.33%)
(93.69%) (78.26%)

3. MBC 4 (3.61%) 4 (5. %) 25 (13.58%) 33 (8.8%)

4. SC/ST 2 (1.80 %) 2 (2.5%) 2 (1.10 %) 6 (1.6%)

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is assessed from table 28 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay, 1 (0.90 percent) belongs to forward community, the majority of

104 (93.69 percent) belong to backward, 4 (3.61 percent) belong to the most

backward, 2 (1.80 percent) belong to the scheduled caste or scheduled tribe

communities. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai educational

district, 2 (02.5 percent) belong to forward community, the majority of 72

(90.0 percent) belong to backward, 4 (5 percent) belong to the most

backward, and, the remaining 2 (2.5 percent) belong to the scheduled caste

or scheduled tribe communities. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil

educational district, 13 (7.06 percent) are from forward community, the

majority
of 144 (78.26 percent) belong to backward, 25 (13.58 percent) belong to the

most backward, and the remaining 2 (1.10 percent) belong to the scheduled

caste or scheduled tribe communities. Out of the total 375 respondents in

Kanyakumari district, 16 (4.27percent) are from forward community, the

majority of 320 (85.33 percent) belong to backward, 33 ( 8.8 percent) belong

to the most backward, and the remaining 6 (1.6 percent) belong to the

scheduled caste or scheduled tribe communities. Table .29 shows the

statistical analysis of the respondents on the basis of social status.

 Table - .29

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR SOCIAL STATUS

Educational District

S. Social Status Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No.
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 OC 39.00 - 39.50 2.121 46.62 11.155 44.44 10.308

2 BC 42.80 6.965 41.40 4.641 44. 93 13.158 43.44 10.007

3 MBC 46.50 3.697 39.00 5.944 44.72 13.399 40.24 11.979

4. SC/ST 43.50 6.364 40.00 1.414 37.50 4.950 40.33 4.546

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is concluded from table 29 that in Thuckalay educational district, most

backward teachers have higher job satisfaction than the other social groups

because they have obtained higher mean scores. In Kuzhithurai educational

district, backward teachers have higher job satisfaction than the other group

of teachers. But in Nagercoil region and in Kanyakumari the forward

community teachers have higher job satisfaction than the other groups of

teachers as they have obtained higher scores than the other groups of

teachers.

The ANOVA test is used to identify the extent of the influence of the variable

experience over job satisfaction on the higher secondary school teachers for

all the educational districts. The test result is presented in table .30.

Table - .30

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT SOCIAL STATUS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 0.483 0.693

2 Kuzhithurai 0.478 0.699

3 Nagercoil 0.229 0.876

4 Kanyakumari 0.302 0.824

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table .30 that the calculated F value 0.483 for

Thuckalay, .478 for Kuzhithurai, 0.229 for Nagercoil and 0.302

forKanyakumari educational dstricts re not significant at 5 percent level.

Since the P values for all heeducational districts are more than 0.05, the null

hypothesis, “there is no significant difference in job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers with different social status” is proved. Hence, it

can be concluded that social status is not a significant variable in determining

the job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in all the

educational districts in Kanyakumari district.

1.12 DISTANCE FROM WORK PLACE

Distance from work place of the respondents has been identified as one of

the important factors which influences the job satisfaction of the higher

secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district. If teachers come to

school after travelling a longer distance, such teachers may face the problem

of adjustment disorders, which not only affect job productivity but also reduce

their job satisfaction. Proximity of the school reduces job dissatisfaction.

Generally, higher secondary school teachers who have their residence near

to the school in which they are working have more job satisfaction than the

teachers residing at a long distance from their schools. Thus, job satisfaction

of higher secondary school teachers differs in relation to the variable,

distance from work place. Table .31 shows the classification of the

respondents on the basis of distance from work place.

 Table - .31

CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF DISTANCE FROM WORK PLACE

Distance Educational District(No. of Respondents)

S. from Work
No. Place (Kms) Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumar
i
1. up to 10 79 (71.17 53(66. 123(66.85%) 255 (68.0%)
%) 25%)
2. 10 to 20 25 (22.53%) 20 (25.0 %) 51 96 (25.6%)
(27.72%)
3. 20 to 30 4 (3.60%) 1 (01.25%) 6 (3.26%) 11 (2.93%)

4. above 30 3 (2.70%) 6 (7.5%) 4 (2.17%) 13 (3.47%)

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is identified from table .31 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay educational district, 79 (71.17 percent) are residing at a distance

of up to 10 kms from their work place, 25 (22.53 percent) are residing within a

distance ranging from 10 to 20 kms, 4 (3.60 percent) are at a distance of 20

to 30 kms and only 3 (2.70 percent) are residing at a long distance of above

30 kms. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai educational district, 53

(66.25 percent) are residing at a distance up to 10 kms from their work place,

20 (25.0 percent) are residing within the distance ranging from 10 to 20 kms,

only one (1.25 percent) is at a distance of 20 to 30 kms and 6 (7.5 percent)

are residing at a long distance of above 30 kms. Out of the total 184

respondents in Nagercoil educational district, 123 (66.85 percent) are

residing at a distance up to 10 kms from their work place, 51 (27.72 percent)

are residing within a distance ranging from 10 to 20 kms,

6 (3.26 percent) are at a distance of 20 to 30 kms and only 4 (2.17 percent)

are residing at a long distance of above 30 kms from the work place. Out of

the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari district, 255 (68.0 percent) are

residing at a distance up to 10 kms from their work place. The other 96 (25.6

percent) are residing within a distance ranging from 10 to 20 kms, 11 (2.93

percent) are at a distance of 20 to 30 kms and 13 (3.47 percent) are residing

at a distance of above 30 kms. Table.32 shows the statistical analysis of the

respondents on the basis of distance from work place.

 Table - 32

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DISTANCE FROM WORK PLACE

Educational District

Distance
S. Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari
from Work
No.
Place
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 up to 10 kms 43.32 7.436 40.98 5.052 43.18 9.975 42.76 8.417

2 10 to 20 kms 41.80 5.447 41.40 3.604 47.69 17.129 44.84 13.383

3 20 to 30 kms 41.50 3.697 38.00 - 50.17 19.167 45.91 14.584

4. above 30 kms 43.33 3.786 43.00 3.633 53.00 16.990 46.91 10.131

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is seen from table 32 that the teachers residing at a distance of above 30

kms have a greater job satisfaction than the teachers residing at a lesser

distance from their schools because they have obtained the highest mean

scores than that of the teachers residing at a lesser distance from their work

place in all the educational districts. The ANOVA test is used to identify the

influence of the variable, distance from work place over the job satisfaction

on the higher secondary school teachers for all the educational districts. The

test result is shown in table 33.

Table -33

JOB SATISFACTION ON THE BASIS OF DISTANCE FROM WORK

PLACE
S.No. Educational district F p value
1 Thuckalay 0.366 0.777
2 Kuzhithurai 0.510 0.677
3 Nagercoil 2.417 0.068
4 Kanyakumari 0.524 0.208
Source: Primary Data
It is inferred from table 33 that the calculated F value 0.366 for Thuckalay,

0.510 for Kuzhithurai, 2.417 for Nagercoil and 0.524 for Kanyakumari district

are not significant at 5 percent level as the P values for all the educational

districts are more than 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis, “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with different distance from work place” is proved. Hence, it can be

concluded that distance from working place is not a significant variable in

determining the job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers in

Kanyakumari district.
 1.13 MONTHLY SALARY OF THE RESPONDENTS

Monthly salary of the respondents has been identified as one of the important

factors which influences the job satisfaction of the higher secondary school

teachers in Kanyakumari district. Monthly salary is the basic determinant of

the way of life of a person. Money is the biggest and first motivator; it plays a

major role in ascertaining job satisfaction of higher secondary school

teachers. Eventually, self- financing higher secondary school teachers’ pay is

less than that of the Government and aided school teachers. Therefore,

teachers receiving more salary will have more job satisfaction than the

teachers receiving less salary. Government and aided higher secondary

school teachers are in a peaceful atmosphere as their salary is more than the

self-financing teachers. Hence, the job satisfaction of higher secondary

school teachers differs with regard to the factor, monthly salary.

Table -34

MONTHLY SALARYWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Monthly Educational District ( No. of

S. Salary of the Respondents)
No. Respondents
Thuckalay Kuzhithur Nagercoil Kanyakuma
(`)
ai ri
1. up to 10,000 4 (3.62%) 3 (3.75%) 29 (15.76%) 36 (9.6%)
2. 10,000 to 28 20 33 (17.93%) 81 (21.6%)
15,000 (25.22%) (25.00%)
3. 15,000 to 20 25 42 (22.83%) 87 (23.2%)
20,000 (18.01%) (31.25%)
4. 20,000 to 36 21 61 (33.15%) 118
30,000 (32.43%) (26.25%) (31.47%)
5. above 30,000 23 11 19 (10.33 53 (14.13%)
(20.72%) (13.75%) %)
Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184(100%) 375 (100%)
Source: primary data
It is seen from table 34 that out of the total 111 respondents in Thuckalay

educational district, only 4 (3.62 percent) are getting monthly salary below `.

10,000, 28 (25.22 percent) are with monthly salary between `. 10,000 and

15,000, 20 (18.01 percent) are with monthly salary between `. 15,000 and

20,000, 36 (32.43 percent) are with monthly salary between `. 20,000 and

30,000 and the remaining 23 (20.72 percent) get monthly salary above

`.30, 000. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai educational district,

only 3 (3.75 percent) are getting monthly salary below `. 10,000, 20 (25.0

percent) are with monthly salary between `. 10,000 and 15,000, 25 (31.25

Percent) are with monthly salary between `. 15,000 and 20,000, 21 (26.25

percent) are with monthly salary between `. 20,000 and 30,000 and the

remaining 11 (13.75 percent) get monthly salary above `. 30,000. Out of the

total 184 respondents in Nagercoil educational district, 29 (15.76 percent) are

getting monthly salary below `.10, 000, 33 (17.93 percent) are with monthly

salary between `.10, 000 and 15,000, 42 (22.83 percent) are with monthly

salary between `.15, 000 and 20,000, 61 (33.15 percent) are with monthly

salary between `.20, 000 and 30,000 and the remaining 19 respondents

(10.33 percent) get monthly salary above `. 30,000. Out of the total 375

respondents in Kanyakumari district 36 (9.6 percent) are getting monthly

salary below `.10, 000, 81 (21.6 percent) are with monthly salary between

`.10, 000 and 15,000,

87 (23.2 percent) are with monthly salary between `. 15,000 and 20,000, 118

(31.47 percent) are with monthly salary between `. 20,000 and 30,000 and

the remaining 53 (14.13 percent) get monthly salary of above `.30, 000.

Table.35 shows the statistical analysis of the respondents on the basis of

monthly salary.
 Table-35

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE BASIS OF MONTHLY SALARY

Educational District

S. Monthly Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari

No. salary (`.)
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 up to 10,000 40.50 .577 38.00 6.083 51.55 14.968 49.19 14.330

10,000 to
2 15,000 39.54 5.916 42.05 4.536 46.85 14.270 43.14 10.424

15,000 to
3 41.65 5.622 39.88 4.343 43.98 15.872 42.26 11.641
20,000
20,000 to
4. 30,000 45.89 7.664 41.76 5.078 41.15 7.162 42.70 7.268

5 above 43.87 6.145 42.45 3.560 45.16 11.062 44.04 7.859

30,000
Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124
Source: primary data
It is concluded from table 35 that the Thuckalay educational district teachers

getting `. 20,000 to 30,000 as monthly salary have higher job satisfaction

than the other salary groups of teachers as evidenced though their higher

mean scores than those of the others. In Kuzhithurai educational district,

respondents who receive a monthly salary above `. 30,000 have higher job

satisfaction than the other salary groups of teachers because of their higher

mean scores when compared to other salary groups. In Nagercoil and

Kanyakumari educational districts level, respondents whose monthly salary is

below `. 10,000 have higher job satisfaction than the other salary groups of

teachers because of their higher mean scores when compared to the other

groups of respondents.

The ANOVA test is used to identify the extent of the influence of the variable,

monthly salary of the respondents on the higher secondary school teachers

for all the educational districts. The test result is shown in is table 36.

Table - 36

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE TEACHERS ON THE BASIS OF

MONTHLY SALARY

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 4.171 0.003

2 Kuzhithurai 1.354 0.258

3 Nagercoil 3.631 0.007

4 Kanyakumari 3.510 0.008

Source: Primary Data
It is clear from table 4.36 that the calculated F value 4.171 for Thuckalay,

3.631 for Nagercoil, and 3.510 for Kanyakumari educational district are

significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values for all the educational

districts are less than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant

difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers with

different monthly salaries” is disproved. Hence, it can be concluded that

monthly salary of the respondents is a significant variable in determining the

job satisfaction among the higher secondary school teachers in the entire

educational districts except in Kuzhithurai. It indicates that monthly salary of

the respondents is not a significant factor in determining the job satisfaction

of the Kuzhithurai educational district.

1.14SECONDARY OCCUPATION

It is observed that secondary occupation is a factor which influences the job

satisfaction of the higher secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

The secondary occupation of teachers includes agriculture, business, and

other part-time jobs. Mostly, the principal occupation of the parents become

the secondary occupation of their children. Those who devote more

concentration on their secondary occupation cannot be successful in their

main occupation. Therefore, secondary occupation of teacher is playing a

key role in determining the job satisfaction on teaching. Thus, job satisfaction

of higher secondary school teachers differs with reference to their secondary

occupation. Table 37 shows the classification of the respondents on the basis

of secondary occupation.
 Table - 37

SECONDARY OCCUPATIONWISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S. Secondary
No. Occupation Thuckalay Kuzhithur Nagercoil Kanyakuma
ai ri

1. Tuition 8 (7.22%) 16 (20.0 32 (17.39%) 56 (14.93%)

%)

2. Business 7 (6.30 %) 7 (8.75%) 23 (12.5 %) 37 (9.87%)

3. Agriculture 2 (1.80 %) 9 (11.25%) 2 (1.09%) 13 (3.47%)

4. Others 94 48(60.0 %) 127 269

(84.68%)) (69.02%) (71.73%)

Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)

Source: Primary Data

It is assessed from table 37 that out of the total 111 respondents in

Thuckalay educational district, 8 (7.22 percent) are involved in taking tuition,

7 (6.30 percent) are involved in business, 2 (1.80 percent) are involved in

agriculture and the majority of the 94 (84.68 percent) are involved in other

secondary occupations. Out of the total 80 respondents in Kuzhithurai

educational district, 16 (20.0 percent) are involved in taking tuition, 7 (8.75

percent) are involved in business, 9 (11.25 percent) are involved in

agriculture and the majority of the 48 (60.0 percent) are involved in other

secondary occupations. Out of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil

educational district, 32(17.39 percent) are involved in taking tuition, 23

(12.5 percent) are involved in business, 2 (1.09 percent) are involved in

agriculture and the majority of 127 (69.02 percent) are involved in other

secondary occupations. Out of the total 375 respondents in Kanyakumari

educational district, 56 (14.93 percent) are involved in taking tuition, 37 (9.87

percent) are involved in business, 13 (13.47 percent) are involved in

agriculture and the majority of the 269 (71.73 percent) are involved in other

secondary occupations. Table 38 shows the statistical analysis of the

respondents on the basis of secondary occupation.

 Table - 38

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT SECONDARY OCCUPATION

Educational District

Secondary
S. Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari
No. Occupation
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 Tuition 37.38 7.150 39.69 4.191 53.91 19.647 47.48 16.894

2 Business 37.86 5.640 43.57 3.457 46.13 15.864 44.08 13.090

3 Agriculture 39.50 9.192 41.67 5.172 44.50 3.536 41.77 5.294

4. Others 43.83 6.548 41.27 4.716 42.37 8.794 42.60 7.483

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source : Primary Data

It can be identified from table 38 that in Thuckalay educational district, the

respondents who have other secondary occupations, have higher job

satisfaction than the other groups of respondents because they have the

higher mean scores when compared with other groups. In Kuzhithurai

educational district, teachers doing business as secondary occupation have

higher job satisfaction than the other groups as their mean scores are the

highest when compared with those of the other groups. In Nagercoil

educational district and Kanyakumari district, respondents taking tuition have

higher job satisfaction than the other groups of respondents because they

have the highest mean scores when compared with other groups of

respondents.

The ANOVA test is used to identify the influence of the variable, secondary

occupation over the job satisfaction on the higher secondary school teachers

for all the educational districts. The test result is given in table 39.

Table - 39

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT SECONDARY OCCUPATIONS

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 4.065 0.009

2 Kuzhithurai 1.242 0.300

3 Nagercoil 7.579 0.000

4 Kanyakumari 3.717 0.012

Source: Primary Data

It can be inferred from table 39 that the calculated F value 4.065 for

Thuckalay, 7.579 for Nagercoil and 3.717 for Kanyakumari educational

districts are significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values for the said

educational districts are less than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no

significant difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers with different secondary occupations” is disproved. Hence, it can be

concluded that secondary occupation of the respondents is a significant

variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher secondary school

teachers in all the educational districts, except Kuzhithurai.

1.15 SECONDARY OCCUPATION EXPERIENCE

Secondary occupation experience of the respondents has been identified as

one of the important factors influencing the job satisfaction of the higher

secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district. Experienced teachers are

more committed than single, and less experienced teachers. Secondary

occupation experienced teachers have more job satisfaction than the

teachers having less experience in secondary occupation. Thus, job

satisfaction of higher secondary school teachers differs. Table 40 shows the

classification of the respondents on the basis experience.

 Table -40

SECONDARY OCCUPATION EXPERIENCEWISE CLASSIFICATION OF

THE RESPONDENTS

Secondary Educational District (No. of Respondents)

S.
Occupation
No.
Experience Thuckalay Kuzhithur Nagercoil Kanyakuma
ai ri
1. up to 3 years 84 (75.67%) 56 (70.0 127 267(71.2%)
%) (69.02%)
2. 3 to 6 years 20 (18.02%) 14 (17.5%) 36 (19.56%) 70 (18.66)
3. 6 to 9 years 61 (54.96%) 5 (6.25%) 11 (5.97%) 16 (4.26%)
4. 9 to 12 years 06 (5.41%) 1 (1.25%) 1 (0.543%) 03 (0.8%)
5. Above 12 06 (5.41%) 4 (5.00%) 9 (4.89%) 19 (5.06%)
years
Total 111 (100%) 80 (100%) 184 (100%) 375 (100%)
Source: Primary Data

As seen from table 40, out of the total 111 respondents, 84 (75.67 percent)

are in the secondary occupation experience group up to 3 years, 20 (18.02

percent) have experience of 3 to 6 years, 61 (54.96 percent) have 6 to 9

years, 6 (5.41 percent) have 9 to 12 years, and another 6 (5.41 percent)

have above 12 years of experience. Out of the total 80 respondents in

Kuzhithurai educational district, 56 (70.0 percent) are in the secondary

occupation experience group up to 3 years, 14(17.5 percent) have

experience of 3 to 6 years, 5 (6.25 percent) have 6 to 9 years, one (1.25

percent) has experience of 9 to 12 years in his secondary occupation and 4

(5.0 percent) have secondary occupation experience of above 12 years. Out

of the total 184 respondents in Nagercoil educational district, 127 ( 69.02

percent) are in the secondary occupation experience group of up to 3 years,

36 (19.56 percent) have experience of 3 to 6 years, 11 (5.97 percent) have

experience of 6 to 9 years, only one respondent (0.543 percent) has 9 to 12

years, 9(4.89 percent) have above 12 years of experience. Out of the total

375 respondents in Kanyakumari district, 267 (71.2 percent) have experience

of up to 3 years, 70 (18.66 percent) have experience of 3 to 6 years. 16 (4.26

percent) have experience of 6 to 9 years and 19 (5.06 percent) have an

experience of above 12 years. Table 41 shows the statistical analysis of the

respondents on the basis of secondary occupation experience.

 Table -41

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR SECONDARY OCCUPATION EXPERIENCE

Educational District

Secondary
S. Thuckalay Kuzhithurai Nagercoil Kanyakumari
Occupation
No.
Experience
Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std
Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation Scores Deviation

1 up to 3 years 42.38 5.096 41.29 4.968 43.64 12.201 42.74 9.198

2 3 to 6 years 42.05 8.982 41.21 3.42 48.31 15.418 45.10 12.481

3 6 to 9 years 48.00 - 43.60 2.510 46.55 11.352 45.63 9.465

4. 9 to 12 years 52.67 12.816 42.00 - 84.00 - 58.00 12.716

5. above 12 years - - 36.75 4.193 42.11 3.333 44.32 9.586

Total 42.91 6.840 41.20 4.602 44.87 12.953 43.51 10.124

Source: Primary Data

It is concluded from table 41 that in Thuckalay, Nagercoil and Kanyakumari

educational districts, the respondents who have 9 to 12 years of experience

in secondary occupation have higher job satisfaction than the other groups of

respondents because they have higher mean scores when compared with

the other experience groups of respondents. In Kuzhithurai educational

district, the teachers with 6 to 9 years of experience in secondary occupation

have higher job satisfaction because their mean scores are higher than that

of the other experience groups.The ANOVA test is used to identify the extent

of the influence of the variable secondary occupation experience over job

satisfaction on the higher secondary school teachers for all the four

educational districts. The test result is presented in table.41.

Table -42

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG DIFFERENT SECONDARY OCCUPATION

EXPERIENCE

S.No. Educational district F p value

1 Thuckalay 5.042 0.007

2 Kuzhithurai 1.308 0.275

3 Nagercoil 3.536 0.008

4 Kanyakumari 2.601 0.036

Source : Primary Data

It can be concluded from table 42 that

the calculated F value 5.042 for Thuckalay, 3.536 for Nagercoil, and 2.601

for Kanyakumari
educational districts are significant at 5 percent level. Since the P values for all the

educational districts are less than 0.05, the null hypothesis, “there is no significant

difference in job satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers with

different secondary occupation experiences” is disproved. Hence, it can be

concluded that experience in secondary occupation of the respondents is a

significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher secondary

school teachers in Kanyakumari district except in Kuzhithurai educational district. It

indicates that secondary occupation experience is not a significant factor in

determining the job satisfaction of Kuzhithurai region.

2. SUGGESTION

The measurement of socio- economic variables of the higher secondary school

teachers with reference to the various educational districts is made. The results

of the analyses show that in all the educational districts in Kanyakumari district,

the majority of the variables are significant variables in determining the job

satisfaction among higher secondary school teachers. The analyses of socio-

economic variables between job satisfactions of the teachers towards their job

are also made by using ANOVA and statistical analyses. The result of the

analyses made for all the educational districts show that the majority of the

variables are significant variable in determining the job satisfaction among higher

secondary school teachers in Kanyakumari district.

3 CONSLUTION

The self- financing school teachers face a lot of problems when compared with the
Government and aided school teachers. If the Government authorities and the
management of the schools come forward to implement the suggestions made in this
study with a strong will, certainly there will be a great positive change in the attitude of
the school teachers, which enhances the job satisfaction as well.
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THESIS

Muthammal, (2005), "A study on Job Satisfaction of College Teacher in

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REPORTS

Annual Employment Report of Kanyakumari District 2007-08.

WEB SITE ADDRESS

http://en.wikiepedia.org/wiki/job_satisfication. mhtm/:file:/c:/user/user/documents