University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Department of Electrical Engineering

Communication Systems

Lab Manual 2

Amplitude Modulation in Time Domain

Name of Student: Muhammad Bilal

Roll number: 18-EE-95

Rubrics Marks Obtained

Data Presentation 5
Data Analysis and interpretation 5
Total 10

Prepared By
Engr. Zainab Shahid Awan

Lab Objectives

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 • To study the function of Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation (Under modulation, Perfect
modulation & Over modulation) using Matlab Simulink.

Equipment Required
• Laptop/Computer with MATLAB installed.
Theory

In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied in proportion
to that of the message signal. Equation for amplitude modulation is:

Amplitude Modulation = [ A+m(t) ] cos(ωct)

Where ωc is frequency of the carrier signal, A is Amplitude of the carrier signal and m(t) is message
signal.

m(t) is sinusoidal signal

with amplitude Am

Carrier signal is
sinusoidal signal
cos(ωct)

Under Modulation
A>Am

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 Perfect Modulation
A=Am

Over Modulation
A<Am

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Task 1:
Plot amplitude modulated waveforms for under modulation, over modulation and perfect
modulation. (Use your roll number as Amplitude/Constant/Frequency)

Block Diagram:

A>Am:

A=Am:

A<Am:

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What are your observations on the waveforms?

The carrier signal is of higher frequency and the message signal is of lower
frequency. In modulation, the final signal amplitude is A+Am and for A<Am over
Modulation takes place in which carrier signal have some part below x-axis, and
for A=Am the complete carrier signal is modulated in which the carrier signal and
message signal has same amplitude

Task 2:
Generate low frequency digital data (square wave) and observe the waveforms for under
modulation, over modulation and perfect modulation. (Use your roll number as
Amplitude/Constant/Frequency)
Task 2 Block Diagram:

A>Am:

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A>Am:

A>Am:

What are your observations on the waveforms?

From observation, we can clearly see that the amplitude of our carrier signal is varied
by the message signal. Both signals are square signal, one with high frequency is
carrier wave and one with lower frequency is message signal. The same properties
of under, over and perfect modulation is exhibited by these wave form as we change
A in reference to Am. When A=Am perfect modulation occurs, and when A>Am
under modulation, and at A<Am over modulation take place.

In which of the modulation types, envelope is not the exact copy of

your message?
In over and under modulation, the envelope is not the exact copy of our actual
message signal because the amplitude of carrier wave does not match the amplitude
of the message signal that is why exact copy is only possible in perfect modulation,
where the Am= A.

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