Lecture Handout 2 Topic 1

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

LECTURE HANDOUTS COMPILATION
September 2020 - 2021
Lecture Handout 2
Lecture Handout Title: Artist and Artisan, Performing Art, Principles of Design
Overview:
This module covers the three important aspects to consider in the world of art (stated
in topics 1,2,3). The discussion also includes the steps to follow in making artworks,
stages of the creative process, elements of performing arts and visual arts which will
serve as guide when creating artworks.
Module Objectives:
→Define/describe art/artworks; identify its classification; differentiate important

aspects to consider in the appreciation to the world of arts
→Analyze, interpret, evaluate artworks in different perspectives (as maker or creator)
→Deepen and develop exposure, understanding and sensitivity to one’s appreciation
to arts
Coverage:
A. Topic 1: The Artists and Artisans

B. Topic 2: Arts/Performance Art
C. Topic 3: Principles of Design
A. Topic 1 of Lecture Handout 2
Topic Title: Artists and Artisans
Introduction:
“Art for art’s sake,” people say. They usually think that the process just ends as simple
as it can be. There are so many things to consider when it comes to art-making. First,
one should know that the most important element and creator in any work of art are
the artists or the artisans. The artists’ or artisans’ medium, technique, and process in
their arts stem from their urge to create, which is universal and widespread. Artists and
artisans are driven by their sense of wonder and curiosity. The stages in the creative
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process would reflect the notable works from the different artists and artisans who
were given the highest recognition of our country.
Topic Objectives:
→Define and differentiate artist and artisan’s approaches, techniques, processes

toward particular mediums/media in being involved to arts
→Identify National and GAMABA artists’ notable works and appreciate their
contributions to society and its people
→Apply and appreciate knowledge learned by evaluating artwork/s, creating one’s art
work/s
Topic Contents
What is an Artist? 1
The word “artist” is generally defined as an art practitioner in its general definition. It
includes a choreographer, painter, sculptor, writer, dancer, musicians, poet, and the
like. They are the creatures who makes/produces/creates indirectly functional arts with
aesthetic (beauty) value using imagination. Thus, artists provide us with different kinds
of artworks, be it literary piece, dance, painting, music, sculpture, and so on. They
serve as means of provoking our thoughts, ideas, and emotions that are needed to
discover ourselves and our being as a person, and as an artist.
Artists are such creative, artistic creatures who make arts and use to communicate
them using such imagination. They use different mediums (media) to remedy visual
problems. For the artists’ inspiration, they look/ search to different sources. Some
artists rely on creative motivation, while some used to look into their environment to
have more ideas.
Artists are equipped with strength/courage in risk-taking. They are able to see their
surroundings in new and unusual ways. Sometimes they see things not seen by
others. Achieving goals is their priority, as such, they are willing to work intensely for
long periods of time. Some artists are self-taught and have been called folk-artist
because they are not educated in traditional artistic methods. Just like the artists, the
artisans learn skills and techniques from some other artist but eventually, both artists
and artisans, develop their own unique styles/strategies.
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What is an Artisan?
Artisan is a person skilled in a utilitarian art, trade, or craft, especially one requiring
manual skill; a craftsperson. He/she is a person or company that makes a high-quality
or distinctive product in small quantities, usually by hand or using traditional methods.
[5]
Artisan is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.
A person who displays great. [6]
An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who
makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may
be functional or strictly decorative. Examples are furniture, decorative
art, sculpture, clothing, jewelry, food items, household items and tools and
mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans
practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels
of an artist. [4]
An artisan is a craftsman, such as plumber, carver, blacksmith, carpenter,
embroiderer, weaver, and the like, who produces directly functional and/or decorative
arts. Artisans are very helpful in making people live an easy way of life. They help us
in meeting our basic needs, such as food, clothing, shelter, furniture, and kitchen
utensils. The artisans’ works are useful, relevant, and essential in our everyday life.
They used to supply us directly functional arts. As they serving us for a long time now.
[1]
Basically, the artisan is a physical worker; he/she makes objects with his/her hands,
and who through skill, experience, and ability can produce things of great beauty, as
well as usefulness. And on the other hand, the artist, is somebody devoted only to the
creative part, using imagination, making visually pleasant work only for the gratification
and appreciation of the viewer but with no practical value thus, the non-functional arts.
[1]
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Who are the Important Players in the Art Market?
Curator: one who has the care and superintendence of something especially : one
in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit.
In a good-sized art museum, each curator is generally responsible for a single
department or collection: European painting, Asian sculpture, Native American art,
and so on. Curatorial duties include acquiring new artworks, caring for and repairing
objects already owned, discovering frauds and counterfeits, lending artworks to
other museums, and mounting exhibitions of everything from Greek sculpture to
20th-century clothing. [7]
A curator is a content specialist charged with an institution’s collections, selecting art

to be displayed in a museum, organizing art exhibitions in galleries or public places,
researching artists, and writing catalogs and involved with the interpretation of
heritage. [1]
Art Buyer. An art buyer is a professional who is knowledgeable in art, who may scout
talents for an advertising agency seeking to employ an art director, or who my look for
an art for a collector or a company. [1]
Art Dealer. An art dealer is a person or a company that buys and sells works of art.
Art dealers often study the history of art before starting their careers. They have to
understand the business side of the art world. They keep up with the trends in the
market and are knowledgeable about the style of art, or what we call “what’s in”, that
people want to buy/purchase. [1]
Private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks). In

a museum or art-gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by
that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary
exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could
also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast,
collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine book-
bindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their
collections are typically referred to as libraries. [8]
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The Work of the Creative Artist [3]
Creativity is an artist’s trait developed in the course of his life to solve problems or
express his feelings/emotions. His ever-continuing reaction to nature, social life, gives
the start/birth of new ideas and methods. Thus, these the artist uses to
provide/give/apply solutions to a vision, create art, or activate social transformation.
The process of creativity is of three folds:
1.) with artist as the prime mover;
2.) communicating his ideas through the performer;
3.) as his interpreter to the audience.
Each participate actively in the creative process although in the case of the
reader/observer/listener, the intensity of the activity may be less than that of the artist
who produces work.
Creation is the act of combining or re-ordering already existing materials so that a

new object is formed. [3]
Art is a planned activity. The process of creation is of three major phases: First, the
artist must have an idea wherein artist thinks of a design →involves Planning. Next is,
he must have a material and process to work on → involves Constructing; Lastly,
he must give form to his idea → involves organizing the form.
The Creative Process. [1]
In the book of Robert Fritz, had given the steps in the creative process. According to
him, creating is a skill that can be learned and developed. The same as with any other
skill, we learn by practice and hands-on-experience – we can learn to create by
creating.
There steps we can follow, not as a formula to adopt, but as indications to guide our
actions.
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The Stages in the Creative Process presented by Fritz: [1]
1.Conceive the result you want to create. Creation starts at the end. We need to
have an idea of what we want to create, of what we want to have and manifest. We
need a vision – Individual or collective – that we want to realize.
2. Know what currently exists. What has just recently existed or existing should be
known. One may find it hard to create something novel and/or original in any area of
knowledge without being aware of what is being done/happened in that area.
3. Take actions. Having a wonderful idea or vision is not enough. You have to do
something to make it real, to manifest it although sometimes you will have to do things
that might generate criticism.
4. Develop your creativity. Every new creation gives you fresh thoughts and
knowledge of your own creative process. You will then increase your ability to picture
what you want and your capacity to bring those outcomes into real-life situation.
5. Learn the rhythm of the creative process. There are 3 fundamental stages in
every creative process: germination, assimilation, and completion.
Three Stages in the Creative Process. [1]
1. Germination (Idea)
The Idea.
Artists are highly sensitive and artistic persons. He can notice the sounds, colors,
movement of people and things. A particular experience of the artist serves as a basis
for a picture, poem, play, dance. Cultural background plays a big role; as it makes a
painter be attracted in using it as a subject, and also wants to share experience. A
novelist may write about life and misfortune of the woman which may then reflect social
and economic problems. An essayist may use his/her own life (although most of the
time being implied) as a subject in compositions. Although sometimes being implied
or hidden in his works.
It is the initial moment when you conceive a new project in your life. It is a moment
with a lot of energy coming out of the future you envision. As the word implies, to
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germinate is you are planting the seeds of your creation. The most important and
difficult thing in this stage is choosing. You need to be more specific about what you
want to do. You have to be sure what messages you really want to give to the
reader/listener/audience, etc.
2. Assimilation.
The Material and Process. The artist himself is the brain and leader of his creation.
The artist making the artwork is the boss of his own artwork wherein he/she can
choose whatever the mediums/materials needed as long as heshe is able to
communicate the idea he/she wants to convey.
A painter uses pigments as his material; an author uses words; a composer – musical
sounds; choreographer – people and their movements; a sculptor – stone, metal,
wood; an architect – various building materials Art is a result of a cooperative activity
wherein team of artist is motivated by a common goal as in the production of a play,
movie, etc.
During this phase, you will internalize and assimilate or incorporate the idea you want
to create. Plan, analyze it, and cultivate it all the available resources.
In this stage, your project, which initially was something external to you or to the group,
comes into your own being, becomes one with you. In this way, your creation grows
from inside and begins to manifest in everything you do, consciously or unconsciously.
Every idea you have, every new connection you establish acts in your vision, making
it more tangible, giving it life.
3. Completion.
Organization and Form. Organizing idea and giving it (artwork) form in selected
materials. Artist may come up with different forms because they used to express ideas
they work on or they want to express. Thus, artists usually produce different artworks
because of different views in life. In the space art, style comes in depending on the
decision of the artist. It can be symmetrical (two sides of the object are identical, which
tends to emphasize the center), and asymmetrical (otherwise of symmetry).
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Completion is the time to finish/organize your project or work, to give it the final shape
before you present it to the audience. It is a difficult time because your energy will be
small and likely dispersed with a new vision. Put a deadline to your projects and do
not get entangled in small and never-ending details. Stay firm with decisions in
organizing artworks.
Three Stages in Art-Making. [1]
Art-making can be associated with art exploration, concept development, and art
production.
In the creative process, the artist undergoes 3 stages of experience:
1.Pre-production or Subject Development. This ends when the planning ends, and
the content starts being produced.
2. Production or Medium Manipulation. It is the actual constructing of the artworks.

This is a method of joining diverse material inputs and unimportant inputs (plans,
know-how) to make something for consumption (the output). It is the act of creating
output, a good or service that has significance and contributes to the utility of
individuals.
3. Post-Production or Exhibition. Once an artwork is finished, it will be displayed,

circulated, and performed for the audience and public to see or watch.
Medium and Technique. [2]
Medium. from the Latin word “medium” which the means the artist communicate
his/her idea. Medium are actually the materials used by the artist to
create/show/interpret/provide the message/s to the reader/listener/spectator/
audience a work of art.
Architect→uses stone, woods, bricks, bamboo, and other building materials

Painter →uses pigments on canvas or wood
Sculptor →uses marble, steel, wood, bronze, metal
Musician→uses instruments to communicate/produce message/s
Writer →uses words [2]
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Technique is the manner the artist controls his medium to attain the goal of a desired
effect. It is the way artist manipulates the medium to express feelings/emotions, and
idea in the artwork.
It refers to the artists ability and knowledge or technical requirement of his artwork/s
thus, it is in the technique that artists differ from one another. [2]
The Artist and His Medium [2]
With the mediums used by the artist, he thinks, feels, give shape to his vision in making
artwork/s. Of the medium chosen by the artist, he believes that is the best way to
communicate the idea he/she wants to give the viewers. The artist may choose more
than one medium, which, actually depends on his/her choice.
In choosing the medium, the artist sees to it that he can handle it with ease and
comfort, something that would best suit his plan and vision, something that he/she will
be able to show what he really like to achieve and reveal in artwork/s. He should love,
respect, and understand his medium, so in the end he would be able to explore his
imagination, much easier to expand knowledge, improving his/her skill in his output,
the artwork.
The Artist and His Technique [2]
Specific of technique, artists are different from one another. His technique in a
particular medium may be different when he used another one. For an artist, technique
is never an end but a means to an end. The making of a piece of sculpture is not the
same as in making a table. Both require technique, but in the work of a sculptor, it
requires knowledge, competence, creativity. Thus, technique is very important that
distinguishes the scenario when it comes to making of an art and a craft.
The Maker and the Viewer of Art [4]
Two important parties involved in art: the maker and the viewer.
The maker of the art is called an artist. Because the maker of the art is a human
person, he/she brings with him/her his ideas, ideals, feelings, fears, emotions, social
condition and everything else that concerns the person doing art.
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In doing art, the artist applies his/her skill in the use of materials, sensitivity to artistic
composition and organization of elements, and creativity of expression.
Whatever style the artist has, planning is essential at different stages of his/her art-
making. The artist plans how to arrange the elements, which images to put in the
background or in what position they should be, etc.
Art-making also consists of a series of problem-finding and problem-solving. The artist
uses his intuition and understanding of the subject matter to identify areas of conflict
or unity within his/her artwork. He/she also solves problems that arise within the
process, from the moment work begins up to the pint of completion.
The artist chooses the medium that best expresses what he/she wants to convey
through art and manipulates the medium in a skillful way.
The viewer of art is the human being who receives the meaning being communicated
through an artwork. Some people call the viewer “the gazer,” “onlooker,” or “audience.”
A viewer takes the role of an art critic who examines the artwork from historical, social,
biographical, critical, or other points of view. This requires more knowledge,
experience, and articulation.
National Living Treasures Award (Philippines). [9]

GAMABA ARTISTS
The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the Gawad sa

Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA); lit. 'Award for the Creators of the Country') is
conferred to a person or group of artists recognized by the Government of the
Philippines for their contributions to the country's intangible cultural heritage.
A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or Manlilikha ng Bayan is "a
Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely
Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic
excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present
generations in their community with the same degree of technical and artistic
competence."
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History [9]
The National Living Treasures Award – GAMABA (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan)
was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355. The National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), the highest policy-making and
coordinating body of the Philippines for culture and the arts, was tasked with the
implementation and awarding. This is in line with UNESCO's criteria of Living National
Treasures.
To become a National Living Treasure, the candidate must possess the
following qualifications: 9
1. Is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the
Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and
traditions and/or has syncretized whatever external elements that have
influenced it.
2. Must have engaged in a folk-art tradition that has been in existence and
documented for at least 50 years.
3. Must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works

of superior and distinctive quality.
4. Must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must
have an established reputation in the art as master and maker of works of
extraordinary technical quality.
5. Must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community
their skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.
A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate,
but due to age or infirmity has left them incapable of teaching further their craft, may
still be recognized if: {9}
1. had created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed

excellence in the practice of their art, thus achieving important contributions for
its development.
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2. has been instrumental in the revitalization of their community's artistic tradition.
3. has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for
which the community is traditionally known.
4. community has recognized them as master and teacher of their craft.
Duties and Responsibilities of Awardees: [1]
The Manlilikha ng Bayan is a link between the past, in which his/her traditional folk
art found fertile soil for growth, and that future, during which he/she seeks his/her art
to be permanently sustained.
It becomes his/her responsibility, therefore, to undertake the following:
→transfer the skills of his/her traditional folk art to the younger generation through
apprenticeship and such other training methods as are found to be effective;
→cooperate with the implementing agency, as provided for in Section 7of this Act, in
the promotion and propagation of his/her traditional folk arts; and
→donate to the National Museum a sample or copy of his/her work.
Recipients [1]
• Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003), artist and poet, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro Poetry
(Ambahan), 1993
• Masino Intaray (d. 2013), musician and epic chanter, Brooke's Point, Palawan,
Poetry (Kulilal and Bagit)Music (Basal / Gong), 1993
• Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011), musician, Mamasapano, Maguindanao Music
(Kutyapi), 1993
• Lang Dulay, (d. 2015) textile weaver, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Weaving
(T’nalak), 1998
• Salinta Monon (d. 2009), weaver, Bansalan, Davao del Sur, Weaving (Abaca – ikat
/ Inabal), 1998
• Alonzo Saclag, musician and dancer, Lubuagan, Kalinga, Music and Dance
(Kalinga), 2000
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• Federico Caballero, epic chanter, Sulod- Bukidnon, Iloilo, Poetry and Epic Chant
(Sugidanon), 2000
• Uwang Ahadas, musician, Lamitan, Basilan, Music (Yakan specifically Kulintang,
kwitangan kayu, gabbang, agung, and tuntungan), 2000
• Darhata Sawabi, (d. 2005), weaver, Parang, Sulu, Weaving (Pis Syabit), 2004
• Eduardo Mutuc, metalsmith / metal sculptor, Apalit, Pampanga, Metalwork (Bronze
and Silver), 2004
• Haja Amina Appi (d. 2013), weaver, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi, Weaving (Mat), 2004
• Teofilo Garcia, casque maker, San Quintin, Abra, Casque Making (Tabungaw),
2012
• Magdalena Gamayo, master weaver, Pinili, Ilocos Norte, Weaving (Inabel), 2012
• Ambalang Ausalin, master weaver, Lamitan, Basilan, Weaving (Yakan tennun),
2016
• Estelita Tumandan Bantilan, master weaver, Malapatan, Sarangani, Weaving
(B'laan igem), 2016
• Yabing Masalon Dulo, master weaver, Polomolok, South Cotabato, Weaving
(Ikat), 2016
2. National Artists [1]
National Artists of the Philippines. The order of the national Artists is considered to
be the highest national recognition for individuals who contributed to the development
of Philippine arts.
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines together administer this award.
The President of the Philippines grants this award to an artist after both institutions
give recommendations for this particular artist.
This began in 1972 when Presidential Proclamation #1001, s. 1972 was enacted to
recognize Filipino who made exceptional contribution to Philippine Art and Letters.
Fernando Amorsolo – first National Artist

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The National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the CCP have set criteria for
the Order of National Artists.
The Artists who→

*are Filipino citizens at the tie of nomination, as well as those who died after the
establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
*through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino
sense of nationhood;
*have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus, earning distinction
and making an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
* have created a substantia and significant body of work and/or consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their art form, thus, enriching artistic expression of style;
*enjoy broad acceptance through:
→prestigious national and/or international recognition such as the Gawad CCP
Para sa Sining, CCP thirteen Artists Award, and NCCA Alab ng Haraya;
→critical acclaim and/or reviews of his works;
→respect and esteem from peers (“Briefer in the Order of National Artists,” n.d.)
Really, the Order of National Artists plays an important and vital role in the
development of Philippine arts in the contemporary setting. This part is divided into 3
parts to guide and help to understand each of the National artists’ roles, and
contributions to contemporary arts.
There are 66 awardees all in all, coming from different art forms→ some awarded after
death while some while still living.
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References:
1. Panisan, W.K., Ipan-Bongabong, M.C.L., Boongaling, C.C.G, Trinidad M.A.B., Art
Appreciation, Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 2018
2. Ariola, M.M., Introduction to Art Appreciation A Textbook in Humanities, C&E Publishing,
Inc., 2nd Edition, 2014
3. Sanchez, C.A., Abad, P.F., Jao, L.V., Introduction To Humanities, Rex Book Store, Manila,
Fifth Edition, 2011
4. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisan
5. dictionary.com/browse/artisan
6.en. Wiktionary.org/wiki/artisan
7. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curator
8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private-collector
9. en.wikipedia.org/Natural-Living_Treasure_Award_Philippines
10. Dr. Fanoga, Minerva, rubrics
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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

→Define/describe art/artworks; identify its classification; differentiate important

A. Topic 1: The Artists and Artisans

A. Topic 1 of Lecture Handout 2

Topic Title: Artists and Artisans

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

→Define and differentiate artist and artisan’s approaches, techniques, processes

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

A curator is a content specialist charged with an institution’s collections, selecting art

Private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks). In

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

Creation is the act of combining or re-ordering already existing materials so that a

The Creative Process. [1]

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

Three Stages in the Creative Process. [1]

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

Three Stages in Art-Making. [1]

2. Production or Medium Manipulation. It is the actual constructing of the artworks.

3. Post-Production or Exhibition. Once an artwork is finished, it will be displayed,

Medium and Technique. [2]

Architect→uses stone, woods, bricks, bamboo, and other building materials

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

The Artist and His Medium [2]

The Artist and His Technique [2]

The Maker and the Viewer of Art [4]

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

National Living Treasures Award (Philippines). [9]

The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the Gawad sa

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

3. Must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works

1. had created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

Duties and Responsibilities of Awardees: [1]

It becomes his/her responsibility, therefore, to undertake the following:

→donate to the National Museum a sample or copy of his/her work.

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

2. National Artists [1]

Fernando Amorsolo – first National Artist

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

The Artists who→

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HMN 101--- ART APPRECIATION

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