CHAPTER 3

SITE PREPARATION

301.0 GENERAL

301.1 THIS WORK INCLUDES PERFORMING SITE PREPARATION, EXAVATION, BORROW, FILLING,
BACKFILLING, COMPACTING AND FINISHED GRADING NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT THE FINISHED GRADES
INDICATED FOR STRUCTURES AND ON-GRADE SLABS OR SITE WORK.

CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR EVALUATING SOIL BORINGS AND DATA SHOWN ON THE
DRAWINGS AND SHALL INCLUDE IN HIS TENDER ROCK EXCAVATION AS REQUIRED.

302.0 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

302.1 UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE, REMOVE TREES, STUMPS, SHRUBS AND BRUSH WITHIN
THE LIMIT OF CONSTRUCTION. PROTECT FROM DAMAGE TREES AND SHRUBS, WHICH
ARE TO BE SAVED, OR WHICH ARE OUTSIDE THE LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION. EXCEPT WHERE AREA IS
INDICATED CLEARING ONLY. GRUB OUT MATTED ROOTS OVER 2 INCHES IN DIATMETER TO AT LEAST 18
INCHES BELOW THE EXISTING SURFACE .

303.0 UNSATISFACTORY MATERIAL

303.1 REMOVE ORGANIC MATTER, MUCK, RUBBISH ND UNSUITABLE CLAYS UNDER

STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE LESS THAN ONE METER IN THICKNESS AND UNDER PAVEMENTS OR SLABS ON
GRADE. THE ENGINEER SHALL DIRECT THE DEPTH OF REMOVAL OF SUCH UNSUITABLE MATERIAL.

304.0 EXCAVATION

304.1 EXCAVATE TO THE CONTOURS AND DIMENSION INDICATED. KEEP EXCAVATIONS FREE
FROM WATER WHILE CONSTRUCTION IS IN PROJECT NOTIFY THE ENGINEER
IMMEDIATELY IN WRITING IN THE EVENT THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO REMOVE ROCK,
HARD MATERIAL, OR PRTER MATERIAL DEFINED AS UNSATISFACTORY TO A DEPTH
GREATER THAN INDICATED. REFILL EXCAVATIONS CUT BELOW THE DEPTHS INDICATED WITH APPROVED FILL
MATERIAL AND COMPACT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN. EXCAVATE SOILS PERMITTED TO SOFTEN FROM EXPOSTURE
TO WEATHER.

305.0 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

305.1 EXCAVATE TO DEPTH INDICATED. IF EXCAVATION IS DEEPER THAN INDICATED, THEN FILL WITH CONCRETE WHEN
THE FOUNDATION OR FOOTINGS ARE PLACED

306.0SHORING AND SHEETING

306.1 SHORE AND SHEET EXCAVATIONS, AS NECESSARY TO PREVENT INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO
STRUCTURES SHALL BE PROVIDED. ALSO ARRANGE SHORING AND SHEETING TO PRECLUDE INJURIOUS
CAVING DURING REMOVAL.

307.0 BORROW MATERIALS

307.1 SELECT BORROW MATERIALS TO MEET REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS OF THE

PARTICULAR TO FILL TO BE USED. PERFORM NECESSARY CLEARING, GRUBBING, DISPOSAL OF DEBRIS AND
SATISFACTORY DRAINAGE OF BORROW PITS AS INDICATED OPERATIONS TO THE BORROW EXCAVATION.

308.0 FILLING AND BACKFILLING ADJACENT TO STRUCTURES

308.1 PLACE BACKFILL ADJACENT TO STRUCTURES AND COMPACT TO PREVENT WEDGING

ACTION OR ECCENTRIC LOADING UPON OR AGAINST THE STRUCTURES. STEP OR
 SERRATE THE SLOPES BOUNDING OR WITHIN AREAS TO BE BACKFILLED TO PREVENT
SLIDING OF THE FILL. DO NOT USE EQUIPMENT FOR BACKFILLING OPERATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF
EMBANKMENTS AGAINST STRUCTURES RETAINING WALLS THAT WILL BE DONE AFTER APPROVAL HAS BEEN
OBTAINED FROM THE ENGINEER.

309.0 COMPACTION

309.1 COMPACT EACH LAYER OR LIFT MATERIAL SPECIFIED SO THAT THE IN-PLACE DENSITY TESTED IS NOT LESS
THAN THE 96 PERCENTAGE OF MAXIMUM DENSITY.

310.0 SITE GRADING GROUND (STREET) LEVEL

310.1 GRADE TO FINISHED GRADES INDICATED WITHIN 3 CENTIMETES GRADE AREAS TO DRAIN WATER AWAY FROM
STRUCTURES AND PROVIDE SUITBLE SURFACE HEREIN.

311.0 PROTECTION OF SURFACES

311.1 PROTECT NEWLY GRADED AREAS FROM TRAFFIC, EROSION, AND SETTLEMENTS. REPAIR DAMAGE GRADES,
ELEVATIONS OR SLOPES PRIOR TO ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS.

CHAPTER 4
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION

401.0 CONCRETE MIXES

401.1 CEMENT SHALL CONFORM TO PRTLAND CEMENT ASTM C150.

401.2 CONCRETE AGGREGATES SHALL CONFORM TO ASTM C33 EXAPET THE AGGREGATES
FAILING TO MEET THESE SPECIFICATIONS BUT WHICH HAVE PRODUCED CONCRETE ADEQUATE STRENGTH AND
DURABILITY MAY BE USD TO THE APPROVAL OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

401.3 UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE DRAWINGS, THE MINIMUM 28 DAY CYLINDER COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:

COLUMNS f' = 3,000 Psi

c
GIRDERS AND BEAMS f' = 3,000 Psi
c
SUSPENDED SLAB f' = 3,000 Psi
c
SLAB ON FILL f' = 3,000 Psi
c
FOOTING TIE BEAM f' = 3,000 Psi
c
OTHERS f' = 3,000 Psi
c
402.0 REINFORCING BARS

402.1 ALL REINFORCING BAS SHALL BE DEFORMED CONFORMING TO ASTM A615.

402.2 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN THE PLANS THE MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH OF THE REINFORCING BATS TO BE
USED CORRESPONDING TO THE STRUCTURAL MEMBER SHAL BE AS ENUMARATED BELOW:

12mmØ & SMALLER SIZES F = 40000 Psi

y
20mmØ & LARGER SIZES F = 60000 Psi
y
402.3 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH REQUIREMENTS (Ld) SHALL BE AS PER TABLE ON SHEET SS-1 (SEE CHAPTER 6)

402.4 SPLICE AND ANCHORAGE LENGTH SHALL FOLLOW THOSE SET FOR DEVELOPMENT
LENGTH (LD) UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS OR APPROVED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
 402.5 EQUIVALENT MATRIC BARS WHEN USED SHALL BE AS PER TABULATIONS BELOW:

CHAPTER 5
FORMWORKS, EMEDMENTS, CONSTRUCTION & MOVEMENT JOINTS

501.0 FORMWORKS

501.1 FORMS SHALL RESULT IN A FINAL STRUCTURE THAT CONFORMS TO SHAPES, LINES AND DIMENSIONS OF THE
MEMBERS AS REQUIRED BY THE DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS.

501.2 FORMS SHALL BE SUBSTANTIAL AND SUFFICIENTLY TIGHT TO PREVENT LEAKAGE OF MORTAR.

501.3 FORMS SHALL BE PROPERLY BRACED OR TIED TOGETHER TO MAINTAIN POSITION AND SHAPE.

501.4 FORMS AND THEIR SUPPORTS SHALL BE PROPERLY POSITIONED SO AS NOT TO DAMAGE PREVIOUSLY PLACED
STRUCTRE.

502.0 REMOVAL OF FORMS, SHORES AND RESHORING

502.1 BEFORE STARTIG CONSTRUCTION, THE CONTRACTOR SHALL DEVELOP A PROCEDURE

AND SCHEDULE FOR REMOVAL OF SHORES AND INSTALLATION OF RESHORES AND FOR CALCULATING THE
LOADS TRANSFERRED TO THE STRUCTURE DURING THE PROCESS.

502.2 FORMS SHALL BE REMOVED IN SUCH A MANNER AS NOT TO IMPAIR SAFETU AND SERVICEABILITY OF THE
STRUCTURE. CONCRETE EXPOSED BY FORM REMOVAL SHAL HAVE SUFFICIENT STRENGTH NOT TO BE
DAMAGED BY REMOVAL OPERATION.

502.3 NO CONSTRUCTION LOADS EXCEEDING THE COMBINATION OF SUPERIMPOSED DEAD

LOAD PLUS SPECIFIED LIVE LOAD SHALL BE SUPPORTED ON ANY UNSHORED PORTION OF THE STRUCTE
UNDER CONSTRUCTION, UNLESS ANALYSIS INDICATES ADEQUATE STRENGTH TO SUPPORT SUCH
ADDITIONAL LOADS.

502.4 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER, THE FOLLOWING SHALL BE THE ASIS OF
REMOVAL OF FORMS AND SHORING FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION:

BEAM SIDE FORMS 2 DAYS OLD

COLUMN SIDE FORMS 2 DAYS OLD
SLAB BOTTOM FORMS 7 DAYS OLD
503.0 PIPES EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE

503.1 PIPES OF ALUMINUM SHALL BOT BE EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE.

503.2 PIPES WITH THEIR FITTING SHALL NOT DISPLACE MORE THAN 4% PERCENT OF THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF
THE COLUMN.

503.3 THEY SHALL NOT BE LARGER IN OUTSIDE DIMENSION THAN 1/3 THE OVERALL THICKNESS OF SLAB, WALL, OR
BEAM IN WHICH THEY ARE EMBEDDED.

503.4 THEY SHALL NOT BE SPACED CLOSER THAN THREE DIAMETERS OR WIDTHS ON CENTER.

503.5 CONCRETE COVER OF PIPES SHALL BE AT LEAST 40MM FOR CONCRETE SURFACES EXPOSED TO THE
WEATHER OR IN CONTACT WITH THE GOUND OR 20MM FOR CONCRETE SURACES NOT EXPOSED TO THE
GROUND OR WEATHER.

503.6 NO VERTICAL PIPES ARE ALLOWED TO PUNCH THROUGH A BEAM OR GIRDER.

503.7 HORIZONTAL PIPES MAY PUNCH THROUGH A BEAM OR GIRDER SUBJECT TO THE
APPROVAL OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT TO THE
 ENGINEER THE ACTUAL LOCATION WHERE PIPES CROSS A BEAM OR GIRDER. WHERE PERMITTED BY THE
ENGINEER, PROVIDE AT LEAST 2-16mm (600mm LONG) U BARS TO ENCLOSE THE PIPE AT THE POINT OF
INTERSECTION OF EACH FACE OF THE BEAM.

503.8 PIPING AND CONDUIT SHALL BE SO FABRICATED AND INSTALLED THAT CUTTING, BENDING, OR
DISPLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT FROM ITS PROPER LOCATION WILL NOT BE REQUIRED.

503.9 ALL ELECTRICAL CONDUITS SHALL BE PLACED BETWEEN THE TOP AND BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT OF SLABS
AND R.C. WALLS.

503.1 THE SPACING OF THESE CONDUITS SHALL BE AT LEAST THREE TIMES THE DIAMETER ON CANTILEVER.

504.0 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

504.1 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS SHALL BE SO MADE AND LOCATED AS NOT TO IMPAIR THE STRENGTH OF THE
STRUCTURE. PROVISION SHALL BE MADE FOR TRANSFER OF SHEAR AND OTHER FORCES THROUGH
CONSTRUCTION.

504.2

WHERE A JOINT IS TO BE MADE, THE SURFACE FOR THE CONCRETE SHALL BE

THOROUGHLY CLEANED AND LAITANCE AND STANDING WATER REMOVED. VERTICAL JOINT ALSO SHALL BE
THOROUGHLY WETTED AND COATED WITH NEAR CEMENT GROUT IMMEDIATELY BEFORE PLACING OF NEW
CONCRETE.

504.3 IMMEDIATELY BEFORE NEW CONCRETE IS PLACED, ALL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS SHALL BE WETTED AND STANDING
WATER REMOVED.

504.4 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN FLOORS SHALL BE LOCATED WITHIN THE MIDLE THIRD OF SPANS OF SLABS, BEAMS,
GIRDERS.

504.5 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN WALLS, SLABS AND OTHER STRUCTURES THAT ARE
SUBJECTED TO WATER PRESSURE SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH WATER STOPS. KIND, TYPE AND SIZE OF
WATER STOPS SHALL BE AS APPROVED BY THE ENGINEER.

504.6 AT BEAM-GIRDER INTERSECTION, THE CONSTRUCTION JOINT ON THE GIRDER SHALL BE OFFSET A DISTANCE
EQUAL TO TWICE THE WIDTH OF THE BEAM. DIAGONAL BARS SHALL BE PROVIDED TO RESIST 100% SHEAR OF
THE CONSTRUCTION JOINT.

504.7 BEAMS, GIRDERS, OR SLABS SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR WALLS SHALL NOT BE CAST OR ERECTED UNTIL
CONCRETE IN THE VERTICAL SUPPORT MEMBERS IS NO LONG PLASTIC.

504.8 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN COLUMNS SHALL BE LOCATED A DISTANCE ABOVE THE FLOOR EQUAL TO AT
LEAST MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS OR 1/6 OF STORY HEIGHT.

505.0 CONTRACTION/EXPANSION JOINTS (MOVEMENTS JOINTS)

505.1 MOVEMENT JOINTS SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECTS OF MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY SHRINKAGE,
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS, CREEP AND SETTLEMENT.

505.2 EXPANSION JOINTS SHALL BE PROVIDED WHEREVER NEEDED AT INERVALS OF NOT MORE THAN 40 METERS
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN THE PLANS.

CHAPTER 6
DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENTS

601.0 STANDARD HOOK

601.1 STANDARD HOOK FOR REINFORCING BARS IF REQUIRED SHALL BE EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING:
 601.1.1 A SEMI-CIRCULAR TURN PLUS AN EXTENSION OF AT LEAST 4 TIMES BAR DIAMETER BUT NOT LESS THAN 62MM
AT THE FREE END OF THE BAR.

601.1.2 A 90-DEGREE TURN PLUS AN EXTENSION OF AT LEAT 12 TIMES BAR DIAMETER AT THE FREE END OF THE BAR.

602.0 MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS

602.1 MINIMUM DIAMETER OF BEND MEASURED ON THE INSIDE OF THE BAR SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:

BAR DIAMETER DIAMETER OF BEND

10mm - 25mm 6 BAR DIAMETER
28mm - 36 mm 8 BAR DIAMETER
#14 - #18 10 BAR DIAMETER
603.0 BENDING

603.1 ALL REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE BENT COLD, UNLESS OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY THE LICENSED DESIGN
PROFFESSIONAL.

603.2 REINFORCEMENT PARTIALLY EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE SHALL NOT BE FIELD BENT, EXCEPT AS SHOWN ON
THE DESIGN DRAWINGS OR PERMITTE THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL.

604.0 SURFACE CONDITIONS OF REINFORCEMENT

604.1 AT THE TIME CONCRETE IS PLACED, REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE FREE FROM MUD, OIL, OR OTHER NONMETALLIC
COATINGS THAT DECREASE BOND. EPOXY-COATING OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARDS SHALL
BE PERMITTED.

604.2EXCEPT FOR PRESTRESSING STEEL, STEEL REINFORCEMENT WITH RUST, MILL SCALE
OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH SHALL BE CONSIDERED SATISFACTORY, PROVIDED THE MINMUM DIMENSIONS
(INCLUDING HEIGHT OF DEFORMATIONS) AND WEIGHT OF A HANDWIRE-BRUSHED TEST SPECIMEN COMPLY
WITH APPLICABLE ASTM SPECIFICATIONS.

605.0 PLACING OF REINFORCEMENT

605.1 REINFORCEMENT, INCLUDING TENDONS AND POSTTENSIONING DUCTS SHALL BE ACCURATELY PLACED AND
ADEQUATELY SUPPORTED BEFORE CONCRETE IS PLACED, AND SHALL BE SECURED AGAINST DISPLACEMENT
WITHIN PERMITTED TOLERANCES.

606.0 SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT

606.1 THE MINIMUM CLEAR SPACING BETWEEN PARALLEL BARS IN A LAYER SHALL BE 1 BAR DIAMETER, BUT NOT
LESS THAN 25mm.

606.2
WHERE PARALLEL REINFORCEMENT IS PLACED IN TWO OR MORE LAYERS, BARS IN THE UPPER LAYERS SHALL
BE PLACED DIRECTLY ABOVE BARS IN THE BOTTOM LAYER WITH CLEAR DISTANCE BETWEEN LAYERS NOT LESS
THAN 25mm.

606.3 IN SPIRALLY REINFORCED OR TIED REINFORCED COMPRESSION MEMBERS, CLEAR DISTANCE BETWEEN
LONGITUDINAL BARS SHALL BE NOT LESSS THAN 1.5 TIMES BAR DIAMETER NOR LES THAN 40mm.

606.4 CLEAR DISTANCE LIMITATION BETWEEN BARS SHALL APPLY ALSO T THE CLEAR DISTANCE BETWEEN A
CONTACT LAP SPLICE AND ADJACENT SPLICES OR BARS.
 606.5 IN WALLS AND SLABS OTHER THAN CONCRETE JOIST CONSTRUCTION, PRIMARY FLEXURAL
REINFORCEMENT SHALL NOT BE SPACED FARTHER APART THAN THREE TIMES THE WALL OR SLAB
THICKNESS, NOR FARTHER APART THAN 450mm.

607.0 BUNDLED BARS

607.1 GROUPS OF PRALLEL REINFORCING BARS BUNDLED IN CONTACT ACT AS A UNIT SHALL BE LIMITED TO FOUR
IN ANY ONE BUNDLE.

607.2 BUNDLED BARS SHALL BE ENCLOSED WITHIN STIRRUPS TIES.

607.3 BARS LARGER THAN 36MM SHALL NOT BE BUNDLED IN BEAMS.

607.4 INDIVIDUAL BARS WITHIN A BUNDLE TERMINATED WITHIN THE SPAN OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS SHALL TERMINATE
DIFFERENT POINTS WITH AT LEAST 40 TIMES BAR DIAMETER STAGGER.

607.5 WHERE SPACING LIMITATIONS OR CONCRETE COVER REQUIREMENTS ARE BASED ON BAR DIAMETER, A UNIT
OF BUNDLED BARS SHALL BE TREATED AS A SINGLE BAR OF DIAMETER DERIVED FROM EQUIVALENT TOTAL
AREA.

608.0 CONCRETE PROTECTIONS FOR REINFORCEMENT

608.1 THE FOLLOWING MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR REINFORCING
BARS, PRESTRESSING TENDONS OR DUCTS. FOR BAR BUNDLES, THE MINIMUM COVER SHALL EQUAL THE
EQUIVALENT DIAMETER OF THE BUNDLED BARS NEEDED BUT NOT MORE THAN 2 INCHES ON THE TABULATED
MINIMUM WHICHEVE IS GREATER.

608.1.1 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE (NON-PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION):

CAST-IN-PLACE AND ERMANENTLY EXPOSED TO

75 mm
EARTH
EXPOSED TO EARTH OR WEATHER 20MM DIAMETER
50 mm
AND LARGER
608.1.2 NOT EXPOSED TO WEATHER OR IN CONTACT WITH GROUND, SLABS, WALLS, AND JOINTS:

36 mm Ø AND SMALLER 20 mm

#14 AND #18 40 mm

BEAMS, GIRDERS AND COLUMNS PRINCIPAL

40mm
REINFORCEMENTS, TIES STIRRUPS OR SPIRALS

CHAPTER 7
REINFORCED CONCRETE CONTRUCTION

701.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE CONTRUCTION

701.0.1 CEMENT SHALL CONFORM TO PORTLAND CEENT ASTM C150.

701.0.2 CONCRETE AGGREGATES SHALL CONFORM TO ASTM C33 EXCEPT THE AGGREGATES
FAILING TO MEET THESE SPECIFICATIONS BUT WHICH HAVE PRODUCED CONCRETE OF ADEQUATE STRENGTH
AND DURABILITY MAY BE USED TO THE APPROVAL OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

701.0.3 WATER USED IN MIXING CONCRETE SHALL BE CLEAN AND FREE FROM INJURIOUS AMOUNTS OF OIL, ACIDS,
AKALIS, SALTS, ORGANIC MATERIAL OR OTHER SUBSTANCES DELETERIOUS TO CONCRETE OR STEEL.

701.0.4 REINFORCING BARS SHALL CONFORM TO ASTM AG15.

 701.0.5 ADMIXTURES TO BE USED IN CONCRETE SHALL BE SUBJECT PRIOR TO APPROVAL BY THE STRUCURAL
ENGINEER.

701.0.6 CEMENT AND AGGREGATES SHALL BE STORED IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO PREVENT THEIR DETERIORATION
OR THE INTRUSION OF FOREIGN MATTER.

701.0.7 CONCRETE CYLINDER SAMPLES FOR STRENGTH TESTS OF EACG CLASS OF CONCRETE
SHALL BE TAKEN NEITHER LESS THAN TWICE A DAY NOR LESS THAN ONCE FOR EACH
110 CU.M. OF CONCRETE OR FOR EACH 490 SQ.M. IF SURFACE AREA PLACE. THE CYLINDER SAMPLES FOR
STRENGTH TESTS SHALL BE TAKEN CURED AND TESTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM C172, ASTM C31 AND
ASTM C39.

701.1 ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE

701.1.1 CONCRETE POURED WILL BE CONSIDERED SATISFACTORY IF THE AVERAGE OF ALL

SETS OF THESE CONSECUTIVE STRENGTH TESTS RESULTS EQUAL OR EXCEEDS THE REQUIRED CONCRETE
STRENGTH (F’c) AND NOT INDIVIDUAL STRENGTH TEST FALLS BELOW THE REQUIRED F'c BY MORE THAN 500
Psi.

701.2 CORE TESTS AND LOAD TESTS

701.2.1 IF INDIVIDUAL TESTS OF LABORATORY CURED CYLINDER SAMPLES PRODUCED STRENGTH AMORE THAN 500
Psi BELOW F’C CORE TEST AND OR LOAD TESTS MAY BE REORTED SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL BY THE
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

701.3 MIXING OF CONCRETE

701.3.1 ALL CONCRETE SHALL BE MIXED UNTIL THERE IS A UNIFORM DISTRUCBUTION OF THE MATERIALS AND SHALL BE
DISCHARGED COMPLETELY BEFORE THE MIXER IS RECHARGED.

701.4CONVEYING OF CONCRETE

701.4.1 CONCRETE SHALL BE CONVEYED FROM THE MIXER TO THE PLACE OF FINAL DEPOSIT BY METHODS THAT WILL
PREVENT THE SEPARATION OR LOSS OF MATERIALS.

701.5 DEPOSITING OF CONCRETE

701.5.1 CONCRETE SHALL BE DEPOSITED AS NEARLY AS PRACTICABLE IN ITS FINAL POSITION OT AVOID
SEGREGATION DUE TO RE-HANDLING OR FLOWING.

701.6 CURING

701.6.1 CONCRETE SHALL BE MAINTAINED IN A MOIST CONDITION FOR AT LEAST 7 DAYS AFTER PLACING. WET
BURLAP MAY BE LAID OVER THE SLAB CONSTANTLY APPLIED WITH WATER.

702.0 FOOTINGS

702.1 THE DESIGN OF FOUNDATION SHALL BE BASED ON COMPLETE ENGINEERING SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT TO BE
CARRIED OUT BY AN APPROVED SPECIALIST FIRM.

702.2 ASSUMED ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY, IN THE ABSENCE OF SOIL

INVESTIGATION REORT IS, 250 KPA. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL VERIFY ACTUAL SOIL CONDITION AT SITE.

702.3 EXISTING UNDERGROUND PIPES, TUNNELS, ETC., SHALL BE BROUGH TO THE ATTENTION OF THE STRUCTURAL
ENGINEER FOR EVALUATION.

702.4 AN EXCAVATION ADJACENT TO AN EXISTING STRUCTURE SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH

ADEQUATE SHEET PILING BY THE CONTRACTOR. THE SHEET PILES SHALL BE PROPERLY DESIGNED TO RESIST
EARTH AND WATER PRESSURE AS WELL AS SURCHARGE LOADING ON THE FOOTINGS OF THE ADJACENT
EXISTING STRUCTURES.

702.5 UNLESS OTHERWISE DETAILED IN THE PLANS CHB WALL FOOTING SHALL BE AS PER FIGURES ON SHEET SS-1.
 702.6 RC SLAB ON FILL OTHER THAN PRESSURE SLAB AT BASEMENT SHALL BE 125mm THICK WITH 10mm BARS AT
300mm O.C. EACH WAY UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

703.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

703.1 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN THE PLANS OR SPECIFICATIONS CAMBER ALL RC BEAMS AT LEAST 6mm ¼” FOR
EVERY 4500mm (15’) OF CLEAR SPAN EXCEPT CANTILEVERS, WHICH SHALL BE 18mm (3/4”) FOR EVERY 3000mm (10’) OF
CLEAR SPAN.

703.2 IF THERE ARE TWO OR MORE LAYERS OF REINFORCING BAR, USE 25 SEPARATORS SPACED AT 900mm O.C. IN
NO CASE SHALL THERE BE LESS THAN TWO SEPARATORS BETWEEN LAYERS OF BARS.

703.3 IF BEAM REINFORCING BARS END IN A WALL, THE CLEAR DISTANCE FROM THE BAR TO THE FARTHER FACE
OF THE WALL SHAL BE NOT LESS THAN 5 TIMES BAR DIAMETERS. THE REIFORCING BAR SHALL TERMINATE
ON A STANDARD 90 DEGREES HOOK.

703.4 BEAM RENIFORCING BARS SUPPORTING SLAB REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE 25mm FROM THE BOTOM OF THE
FINISH.

703.5 WHEN A BEAM CROSSES A GIRDER, REST BEAM BARS ON TOP OF THE GIRDER BARS. AT COLUMN
INTERSECTION GIRDER BARS SHALL BE ON TOP OF BEAM BARS.

703.6 LENGTH OF BAR CUT-OFF AND BAR CLEARANCES SHALL BE AS SPECIFIED IN SHEET SS-
1.

703.7 TOP BARS SPLICES SHALL BE LOCATED AT MIDSPAN AND BOTTOM BAR SPLICES AT COLUMN SUPPORTS.
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS SPLICE LENGTHS

SHALL FOLLOW THOSE GIVEN FOR DEVELOPMENT LEGTHS AS PER FIGURE SHEET S-1.

704.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS

704.1 GENERAL

704.1.1 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED IN PLANS OR SPECIFICATIONS, CAMBER ALL R.C. SLABS 3mm (1/8) PER 3,000mm
(10’) OF SHORTER SPAN.

704.1.2 IF SLAB REINFORCED BOTH WAYS, BAR ALONG THE SHORTER SPAN SHALL BE PLACED BELOW THOSE ALONG
THE LONG SPAN AT THE CENTER AND OVER THE LONGER SPAN BARS NEAR THE SUPPORTS.

704.1.3 LENGTHS OF BAR CUT OFF SHAL BE AS SPECIFIED SS-1.

704.1.4 CONCRETE COVERING SHALL BE 20mm.

704.1.5 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY THE ENGINEER, BAR CHAIRS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT LEAST 600mm EACH
WAY TO SUPPORT TOP AND BOTTOM BARS SEPARATELY.

704.2 SOLID SLAB

704.2.1 THE THICKNESS OF ORDINARY SOLID SLABS SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 90mm, AND THE REINFORCING BARS SHOULD
NOT BE LESS THAN 10mm IN DIAMETER.

704.2.2 THE MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT TO BE AS FOLLOWS:

MAIN BARS AS PER DESIGN BUT NOT MORE THAN 200mm

SECONDARY BARS AS PER DESIGN BUT NOT MORE THAN 200mm
704.3 RIBBER, HOURDY, HOLLOW BLOCK, OR VOIDED SLABS

704.3.1 BLOCKS SHALL BE SHAPED TO MINIMIZE THE PROBABILITY OF FALLING.

 704.3.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE TOPPING SHALL BE AS PER DESIGN BUT LESS THAN 75mm IN THICKNESS.

704.3.3 STIFFENING RIBS SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT AN ADEQUATE SPACING DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF THE
SLAB AND THE APPLIED LOADS. IN GENERAL, THE SPACING SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 60cm IN VOIDED
CONSTRUCTION AND 40cm FOR HOURDY SLABS.

705.0 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (C.H.B.) WALLS

705.1 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENTS FOR CHB SHALL BE 10
mm BAR DIAMETER, SPACED AT 400 mm O.C. FOR ALL WALL THICKNESS. LAP SPLICES SHALL BE 300 mm
LONG (MINIMUM).

705.2 LINTEL BEAMS TO BE USED SHALL BE t x 200 mm (bXh) REINFORCED BY 4-12mm BARS WITH 10mm AT 300mm
O.C. TIES WHERE "t" IS THE CHB WALL THICKNESS.

705.3 LINTEL BEAM SHALL BE PROVIDED AT THE TOP OF CHB WALL OPENINGS. IT SHALL EXTEND AT LEAST 200mm
BEYOND THE OPENINGS.

705.4 FOR HIGH WALLS, LITEL BEAMS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT 3000mm O.C.

705.5 FOR LONG WALLS, VERTICAL LINTEL BEAMS ACTING AS COLUMNS SHALL BE PROVIDED AT 6000mm O.C.

705.6 WHERE CHB WALLS ADJOIN R.C. COLUMNS AND BEAMS, PROVIDE DOWELS ON R.C.
COLUMNS AND BEAMS PRIOR TO POURING TO MATCH CHB WALL REINFORCEMENTS. THE DOWELS SHALL
BE 12mm BARS AT 400mm O.C. (L-600mm).

705.7 WHERE THE TOP OF CHB WALL ADJOINS A BEAM, PROVIDE 50mm GAP TO BE FILLED WITH A SOFT MATERIAL
LIKE STYROPOR. REBARS AS REQUIRED IN SECTION 705.6 SHALL BE RETAINED FOR STABILITY.

705.8 WHERE THE TOP OF CHB WALL ADJOINS A COLUMN, PROVIDE 50mm GAP TO BE FILLED WITH A SOFT MATERIAL LIKE
STYROPOR. REBARS AS REQUIRED IN SECTION 705.6 SHALL BE RETAINED FOR STABILITY.

705.9WHERE COLUMNS AND BEAMS HAVE POURED WITHOUT THE CHB WALL DOWELS,
PROVIDE 12mm DIAMETER EXPANSION BOLTS AT 400mm O.C. THESE ANCHORS SHALL BE DRILLED AND
HAMMERED IN A PLACE. NO CHIPPING OFF OF CONCRETE COLUMNS AND BEAMS IS ALLOWED UNLESS
PERMITTED BY THE ENGINEER.

706.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS

706.1 UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, THE R.C. WAL HORIZONTAL BARS SHALL BE INSIDE THE
VERTICAL BARS (RETAINING WALL).

706.2 REINFORCING BARS SHALL HAVE AT LEAST 30mm CONCRETE CLEARANCE EXCEPT IN 100mm WALL OR LESS
WHERE THEY SHALL BE AT CENTER.

706.3 CARRY VERTICAL BARS 600mm ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL TO PROVIDE FOR SPLICES WHEN NECESSARY.
ELSEWHERE STOP AR 50mm BELOW THE TOP OF THE SLAB THE BAR SHALL TERMINATE ON A STANDARD 90
DEGREE HOOK.

706.4 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BARS CONFORMING TO ASTM A615 SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM
SPLICE LAPPING AND WIRED WITH NO. 16 GI WIRE PROVIDED THAT SPLICES IN
ADJACENT BARS ARE STAGERRED AT LEAST 1.50m O.C. NOT MORE THAN ONE-HALF (1/2) OF THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF BARS SHALL BE SPLICED AT THE SAME LINE. SPLICES SHALL BE STAGGERED A DISTANCE OF AT
LEAST 40 BAR DIAMETERS.

706.5 ALL OPENING ON WALLS OR SLABS LESS THAN 300mm THICK SAHLL BE REINFORCED AS PER FIGURE ON SHEET
SS-1.

706.6 AT WALLL INTERSECTION AND CORNERS, THE ANCHORAGE LENGTH PROVIDED SHALL BE AS SHOWN ON
FIGURES ON SHEET SS-1.
 707.0 REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

707.1 THE PERCENTAGE OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT SHALL NOT BE LESS
THAN 1% AND NOT MORE THAN 6%.

707.2 UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, THE COLUMN PEDESTAL EMBEDDED IN THE GROUND SHALL BE 50mm LARGER
THAN THE COLUMN AS PER PLAN AT THE BASEMENT FLOOR LEVEL, OR GROUND FLOOR LEVEL IF THERE IS NO
BASEMENT.

707.3 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN COLUMNS SHALL BE LOCATED AT THE TOP OF THE PEDESTAL
(BASEMENT FLOOR LINE, OR GROUND FLOOR LINE IF THERE IS NO BASEMENT) OR AT LEAST A DISTANCE
ABOVE THE FLOOR EQUAL TO THE MAXIMUM DIMENSION OF THE COLUMN OR 1/6 STORY HEIGHT.

707.4 ALL TIES SHALL BE FASTENED TO COLUMN VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT BY MEANS OF WIRES AT ALL INTERSECTION
PORTIONS OF TIES AND COLUMNS REBARS.

707.5 NOT MORE THAN ONE-HALF (1/2) OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BARS SHALL BE SPLICED AT THE SAME
LEVEL. THE LAP SPLICE BE 1.3 Ld OF THE BAR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH. SPLICES SHALL BE STAGGERED AT A
DISTANCE OF AT LEAST 40 BAR DIAMETERS.

707.6 COLUMN BAR SPLICE LENGTHS SHALL FOLLOW THOSE TABULATED FOR DEVELOPMENT ON SHEET SS-1.

707.7 LAP WELDED SPLICE MAYBE USED IN LIEU OF THE ABOVE. THE CAPACITY OF THE WELD
PROVIDED SHALL BE 125% LARGER THAN THE TENSILE CAPACITY OF THE BIGGER BAR BEING SPLICED. NO
BUTT WELDED SPLICES ARE ALLOWED UNLESS OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

707.8 CONFINEMENT TIES SHALL BE PROVIDED ON ALL COLUMNS AT BEAM COLUMN INTERSECTIONS AS SHOWN IN
SHEET SS-1.

708.0 STRUCTURAL TOLERANCES

708.1 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY THE ENGINEER, THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
ACCEPTABLE STRUCTURAL TOLERANCES FOR CAST-IN PLAE CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION. ALL DIMENSIONS, WHICH ARE NOT WITHIN THE REQUIRED
TOLERANCES, SHALL BE CORRECTED PRIOR TO POURING OF CONCRETE. TOLERANCES FOR PRE-CAST
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE ½ OF THE VALUES GIVEN BELOW:

708.1.1 CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS AND LOCATION OF REINFORCEMENT:

DIMENSIONAL LESS THAN 200mm +6mm

200mm TO 600mm +9mm
OVER 600mm +12mm
708.1.2 MEMBER LENGTHS OR HEIGHT OF 6mm / 3.0m (MAXIMUM LIMITATION =
12mm)

708.1.3 DEVIATION FROM STRAIGHT LINE OF 6mm / 3.0m

(SWEEP AND OR PLUMBNESS)

708.1.4 LOCATIONS OF BAR CUT-OFF OR BONDS OF +50mm

709.0 WELDED SPLICES

709.1 LAP WELDED SPLICES WHENUSED SHALL DEVELOP A RESISTANCE EQUAL TO AT LEAST 125% OF THE TENSILE
CAPACITY OF THE BAR BEING SPLICED.

709.2BUTT-WELDED SPLICE WHEN USED SHALL BE CONSIDERED 75% EFFICIENT. THE

REMAINING 50% CAPACITY TO DEVELOP 125 PERCENT OF THE TENSILE CAPACITY OF THE BAR SHALL BE
PROVIDED FOR BY AN ADDITIONAL WELDED LAP SPLICE CONNECTION ON THE SAME JOINT.

709.3 DETAIL OF ALL WELDED SPLICES SHALL BE SUBMITTED BY THE CONTRACTOR FOR APPROVAL OF THE
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.
709.4 ONLY CERTIFIED WELDERS SHALL BE ALLOWED TO PERFORMING WELDING
OPERATIONS. THESE WELDERS SHALL BE SUBJECTED TO THE APPROVAL OF THE WORK ENGINEERS.

709.5 TESTING OF WELDS SHALL BE BY X-RAY METHOD (NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST) UNLESS OTHERWISE DIRECTED BY
THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS.

709.6 CONNECTION OF CROSSING BARS BY TACK WELDING IS NOT PERMITTED.

CHAPTER 8
STRUCTURAL STEEL CONSTRUCTION

801.0 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS

801.1 THE STANDARDS LISTED BELOW ARE RECOGNIZED STANDARDS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURAL STEEL
WORKS:

1. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)

2. AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)
3. AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE (AISI)
4. UNIFORM BUILDING CODE (UBC)

802.1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

802.2 UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN THE PLANS, STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES AND PLATES SHALL CONFORM TO
ASTM - A36. CERTIFIED MILL TEST SHALL BE SUBMITTED BY THE FABRICATION TO THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

802.3 WELDING SHALL CONFORM TO AWS STANDARD, E60 OR E70 ELECTRODES SHALL BE
USED UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.

802.4 THE FABRICATOR SHALL HAVE THE WELDS TESTED BY X-RAY METHOD BY AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY
ENGAGED IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AS DIRECTED BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER. THE WELDS ARE
CONSIDERED SATISFACTORY IF 9 OUT OF 10 SAMPLES PASSED THE REQUIREMENT OTHERWISE THE WELDS
SHALL BE

CORRECTED.

802.5 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, BOLTS SHALL CONFORM TO ASTM A325.

803.1 FABRICATION

803.2 STEEL FABRICATOR SHALL SUBMIT SHOP DRAWING SHOWING COMPLETE DETAILED CONNECTIONS FOR
APPROVAL BY THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER. NO MATERIAL SHALL BE ORDERED NOR FABRICATION STARTED
UNTIL STRUCTURAL ENGINEER APPROVES SUCH DRAWINGS.

803.3 ALL DIMENSIONS IN THE PLANS SHALL BE VERIFIED BY THE STEEL FABRICATOR IN THE FIELD IN COORDINATION
WITH THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

803.4 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE PLANS, GUSSET PLATES AND STIFFENERS SHALL BE 6MM THICK
(MINIMUM).

803.4 ALL SPLICES SHALL BE STAGGERED. NO SPLICES SHALL BE PERMITTED AT POINT WHERE CRITICAL STRESSES
OCCUR.

803.5 ALL BEARING PLATES SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 12mm.

803.6 ALL ERECTION BOLT HOLES SHALL BE 3 mm PLUS NOMINAL BOLT DIAMETER.

803.7 ALL CUTTINGS SHALL BE NEAT CUT.

 803.8 SHOP PAINT (RED LEAD PRIMER OR ANY EQUIVALENT BRAND; 2 COATS) SHALL BE PROVIDED. ANY WORK THAT IS NOT
IN CONFORMANCE WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS WILL BE REJECTED AT ANY TIME DURING THE PROGRESS OF THE WORKS.

803.4 ALL SPLICES SHALL BE STAGGERED. NO SPLICES SHALL BE PERMITTED AT POINT WHERE CRITICAL STRESSES
OCCUR.

803.5 ALL BEARING PLATES SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM THICKNESS OF 12mm.

803.6 ALL ERECTION BOLT HOLES SHALL BE 3 mm PLUS NOMINAL BOLT DIAMETER.

803.7 ALL CUTTINGS SHALL BE NEAT CUT.

803.8 SHOP PAINT (RED LEAD PRIMER OR ANY EQUIVALENT BRAND; 2 COATS) SHALL BE PROVIDED. ANY WORK THAT IS NOT
IN CONFORMANCE WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS WILL BE REJECTED AT ANY TIME DURING THE PROGRESS OF THE WORKS.