5

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search
This article is about the number. For the year, see AD 5. For other uses, see 5
(disambiguation), Number Five (disambiguation), and The Five (disambiguation).

←4 5 6→

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →

List of numbers — Integers

← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Cardinal five

Ordinal 5th

(fifth)

Numeral system quinary

Factorization prime

Prime 3rd

Divisors 1, 5

Greek numeral Ε´

Roman numeral V, v

Greek prefix penta-/pent-

Latin prefix quinque-/quinqu-/quint-

Binary 1012

Ternary 123
Octal 58

Duodecimal 512

Hexadecimal 516

Greek ε (or Ε)

Arabic, Kurdish ٥

Persian, Sindhi, Urdu ۵

Ge'ez ፭

Bengali ৫

Kannada ೫

Punjabi ੫

Chinese numeral 五,伍

Devanāgarī ५

Hebrew ‫ה‬

Khmer ៥

Telugu ౫

Malayalam ൫

Tamil ௫

Thai ๕
 5 (five) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 4 and
preceding 6, and is a prime number. It has attained significance throughout history
in part because typical humans have five digits on each hand.

Contents

 1In mathematics
o 1.1List of basic calculations
 2Evolution of the glyph
 3Science
o 3.1Astronomy
o 3.2Biology
o 3.3Computing
 4Religion and culture
o 4.1Hinduism
o 4.2Christianity
o 4.3Discordianism
o 4.4Islam
o 4.5Judaism
o 4.6Sikhism
o 4.7Daoism
o 4.8Other religions and cultures
 5Art, entertainment, and media
o 5.1Fictional entities
o 5.2Films
o 5.3Music
 5.3.1Groups
 5.3.2Other uses
o 5.4Television
o 5.5Literature
 6Sports
 7Technology
 8Miscellaneous fields
 9See also
 10References
 11External links

In mathematics[edit]
Five is the third prime number.[1] Because it can be written as 22  + 1, five is classified
1

as a Fermat prime;[1] therefore, a regular polygon with 5 sides (a regular pentagon)

is constructible with compass and an unmarked straightedge. Five is the third Sophie
Germain prime,[1] the first safe prime, the third Catalan number,[2] and the
third Mersenne prime exponent.[3] Five is the first Wilson prime and the
third factorial prime, also an alternating factorial.[4] Five is the first good prime.[5] It is
an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n − 1.[1] It is
also the only number that is part of more than one pair of twin primes. Five is
a congruent number.[6]
Five is conjectured to be the only odd untouchable number and if this is the case then
five will be the only odd prime number that is not the base of an aliquot tree.
Five is also the only prime that is the sum of two consecutive primes, namely 2 and 3.
The number 5 is the fifth Fibonacci number, being 2 plus 3.[1] It is the only Fibonacci
number that is equal to its position. 5 is also a Pell number and a Markov number,
appearing in solutions to the Markov Diophantine equation: (1, 2, 5), (1, 5, 13), (2, 5,
29), (5, 13, 194), (5, 29, 433), ... (OEIS: A030452 lists Markov numbers that appear in
solutions where one of the other two terms is 5). Whereas 5 is unique in the
Fibonacci sequence, in the Perrin sequence 5 is both the fifth and sixth Perrin
numbers.[7]
5 is the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle.
In bases 10 and 20, 5 is a 1-automorphic number.
Five is the second Sierpinski number of the first kind, and can be written as S2 = (22)
+ 1.[8]
While polynomial equations of degree 4 and below can be solved with radicals,
equations of degree 5 and higher cannot generally be so solved. This is the Abel–
Ruffini theorem. This is related to the fact that the symmetric group Sn is a solvable
group for n ≤ 4 and not solvable for n ≥ 5.
While all graphs with 4 or fewer vertices are planar, there exists a graph with 5
vertices which is not planar: K5, the complete graph with 5 vertices.
There are five Platonic solids.[9][1]
A polygon with five sides is a pentagon. Figurate numbers representing pentagons
(including five) are called pentagonal numbers. Five is also a square pyramidal
number.
Five is the only prime number to end in the digit 5 because all other numbers written
with a 5 in the ones place under the decimal system are multiples of five. As a
consequence of this, 5 is in base 10 a 1-automorphic number.
Vulgar fractions with 5 or 2 in the denominator do not yield
infinite decimal expansions, unlike expansions with all other prime denominators,
because they are prime factors of ten, the base. When written in the decimal system,
all multiples of 5 will end in either 5 or 0.
There are five exceptional Lie groups.
List of basic calculations[edit]
Multiplicat 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20
ion 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10
5 × x 5
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0

Divisi 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14
on 0 5

2. 1. 1.2 0.8 0.7142 0.6 0. 0. 0.4 0.4 0.3846 0.35714 0.

5 ÷ x 5 1
5 6 5 3 85 25 5 5 5 16 15 28 3

0. 0. 0. 1.
x ÷ 5 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
2 4 6 8

Expon
entiati 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
on

3
1 6 15 78 39 195 976 488 2441 1220 6103 30517
2 1
5 x
5 2 2 62 12 06 312 562 281 4062 7031 5156 57812
5 2
5 5 5 5 25 5 5 25 5 25 25 5
5

1 3
2 16 32
3 0 1 77 590 100 161 2488 3712 5378 75937
x 5
1 4 80 76
2 2 2 76 49 000 051 32 93 24 5
3 7 8
4 5

In the powers of 5, every power ends with the number five and from 5 3, if the
exponent is odd, then the hundreds digit is 1; instead, if it is even, the hundreds digit
is 6.
In fifth powers, n5 ends in the same digit as n.

Evolution of the glyph[edit]

The evolution of the modern Western glyph for the numeral 5 cannot be traced back
to the Indian system as for the numbers 1 to 4. The Kushana and Gupta empires in
what is now India had among themselves several different glyphs which bear no
resemblance to the modern glyph. The Nagari and Punjabi took these glyphs and all
came up with glyphs that are similar to a lowercase "h" rotated 180°. The Ghubar
Arabs transformed the glyph in several different ways, producing glyphs that were
more similar to the numbers 4 or 3 than to the number 5.[10] It was from those
characters that Europeans finally came up with the modern 5.
While the shape of the 5 character has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in
typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example,

in  .

Science[edit]
 The atomic number of boron.[11]
 The number of appendages on most starfish, which exhibit pentamerism.[12]
 The most destructive known hurricanes rate as Category 5 on the Saffir–
Simpson hurricane wind scale.[13]
 The most destructive known tornadoes rate an F-5 on the Fujita scale or EF-5
on the Enhanced Fujita scale.[14]
Astronomy[edit]

 Messier object M5, a magnitude 7.0 globular cluster in the

constellation Serpens.[15]
 The New General Catalogue object NGC 5, a magnitude 13 spiral galaxy in
the constellation Andromeda.[16]
 The Roman numeral V stands for dwarfs (main sequence stars) in the Yerkes
spectral classification scheme.
 The Roman numeral V (usually) stands for the fifth-discovered satellite of a
planet or minor planet (e.g. Jupiter V).
 There are five Lagrangian points in a two-body system.
Biology[edit]

 There are generally considered to be five senses.

 Almost all amphibians, reptiles, and mammals which have fingers or toes have
five of them on each extremity.[17]
Computing[edit]

 5 is the ASCII code of the Enquiry character, which is abbreviated to ENQ.[18]

Religion and culture[edit]

Hinduism[edit]
 The god Shiva has five faces[19] and his Mantra is also called Panchakshari (Five
Worded) mantra.
 The goddess Saraswati, goddess of knowledge and intellectual is associated
with Panchami or number 5.
 There are five elements in this universe: Dharti, Agni, Jal, Vayu evam Akash
(Earth, Fire, Water, Air and Space respectively).
 The most sacred tree in Hinduism has 5 leaves in every leaf stunt.
 Most of the flowers have 5 petals in them.
 The epic Mahabharata revolves around the battle between Duryodhana and
his 99 other brothers and the 5 pandava princes
-Dharma, Arjuna, Bhima, Nakula and Sahadeva.
Christianity[edit]

 There are traditionally Five Wounds of Jesus Christ in Christianity:

the Scourging at the Pillar, the Crowning with Thorns, the wounds in Christ's
hands, the wounds in Christ's feet, and the Side Wound of Christ.[20]
Discordianism[edit]

 In Discordianism, 5 is seen as a very important number. This is demonstrated

in the Law of Fives, as well as in the Pentabarf, which contains five rules.
 Each page of the Principia Discordia—the primary religious document in
Discordianism—is labeled with five digits.
Islam[edit]

 The Five Pillars of Islam[21]

 Muslims pray to Allah five times a day[22]
 According to Shia Muslims, the Panjetan or the Five Holy Purified Ones are the
members of Muhammad's family: Muhammad, Ali, Fatimah, Hasan,
and Husayn and is often symbolically represented by an image of the Khamsa. [23]
Judaism[edit]

 The Torah contains five books—Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,

and Deuteronomy—which are collectively called the Five Books of Moses, the
Pentateuch (Greek for "five containers", referring to the scroll cases in which the
books were kept), or Humash (‫חומש‬, Hebrew for "fifth").[24]
 The book of Psalms is arranged into five books, paralleling the Five Books of
Moses.[25]
 The Khamsa, an ancient symbol shaped like a hand with four fingers and one
thumb, is used as a protective amulet by Jews; that same symbol is also very
popular in Arabic culture, known to protect from envy and the evil eye.[26]
Sikhism[edit]
 The five sacred Sikh symbols prescribed by Guru Gobind Singh are commonly
known as panj kakars or the "Five Ks" because they start with letter K
representing kakka (ਕ) in the Punjabi language's Gurmukhi script. They
are: kesh (unshorn hair), kangha (the comb), kara (the steel
bracelet), kachhehra (the soldiers shorts), and kirpan (the sword) (in
Gurmukhi: ਕੇਸ, ਕੰਘਾ, ਕੜਾ, ਕਛਹਰਾ, ਕਿਰਪਾਨ).[27] Also, there are five deadly
evils: kam (lust), krodh (anger), moh (attachment), lobh (greed),
and ankhar (ego).
Daoism[edit]

 5 Elements[28]
 5 Emperors[29]
Other religions and cultures[edit]

 According to ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, the universe is

made up of five classical elements: water, earth, air, fire, and ether. This concept
was later adopted by Medieval alchemists and more recently by practitioners
of Neo-Pagan religions such as Wicca.
 The pentagram, or five-pointed star, bears religious significance in various
faiths including Baháʼí, Christianity, Freemasonry, Satanism, Taoism, Thelema,
and Wicca.
 In Cantonese, "five" sounds like the word "not" (character: 唔). When five
appears in front of a lucky number, e.g. "58", the result is considered unlucky.
 In East Asian tradition, there are five elements: (water, fire, earth, wood,
and metal).[30] The Japanese names for the days of the week, Tuesday
through Saturday, come from these elements via the identification of the
elements with the five planets visible with the naked eye.[31] Also, the traditional
Japanese calendar has a five-day weekly cycle that can be still observed in
printed mixed calendars combining Western, Chinese-Buddhist, and Japanese
names for each weekday.
 Members of The Nation of Gods and Earths, a primarily African American
religious organization, call themselves the "Five-Percenters" because they
believe that only 5% of mankind is truly enlightened.[32]

Art, entertainment, and media[edit]

Fictional entities[edit]

 James the Red Engine, a fictional character numbered 5.[33]

 Johnny 5 is the lead character in the film Short Circuit (1986)[34]
 Number Five is a character in Lorien Legacies[35]
 Sankara Stones, five magical rocks in Indiana Jones and the Temple of
Doom that are sought by the Thuggees for evil purposes[36]
 The Mach Five (マッハ号 Mahha-gō?), the racing car Speed Racer (Go Mifune in
the Japanese version) drives in the anime series of the same name (known as
"Mach Go! Go! Go!" in Japan)
 In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, five wizards
(Saruman, Gandalf, Radagast, Alatar and Pallando) are sent to Middle-earth to aid
against the threat of the Dark Lord Sauron [37]
 In the A Song of Ice and Fire series, the War of the Five Kings is fought between
different claimants to the Iron Throne of Westeros, as well to the thrones of the
individual regions of Westeros (Joffrey Baratheon, Stannis Baratheon, Renly
Baratheon, Robb Stark and Balon Greyjoy)[38]
 Myst uses the number 5 as a unique base counting system. In The Myst
Reader series, it is further explained that the number 5 is considered a holy
number in the fictional D'ni society.
 Number Five is also a character in The Umbrella Academy comic book and TV
series adaptation[39]
Films[edit]

 Towards the end of the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), the
character of King Arthur repeatedly confuses the number five with the
number three.
 Five Go Mad in Dorset (1982) was the first of the long-running series of The
Comic Strip Presents... television comedy films[40]
 The Fifth Element (1997), a science fiction film[41]
 Fast Five (2011), the fifth installment of the Fast and Furious film series.[42]
 V for Vendetta (2005), produced by Warner Bros., directed by James McTeigue,
and adapted from Alan Moore's graphic novel V for Vendetta prominently
features number 5 and Roman Numeral V; the story is based on the historical
event in which a group of men attempted to destroy Parliament on November 5,
1605[43]
Music[edit]
Groups[edit]

 Five (band), a UK Boy band[44]

 The Five (composers), 19th-century Russian composers[45]
 5 Seconds of Summer, pop band that originated in Sydney, Australia [46]
 Five Americans, American rock band active 1965–1969[47]
 Five Finger Death Punch, American heavy metal band from Las Vegas, Nevada.
Active 2005–present[48]
 Five Man Electrical Band, Canadian rock group billed (and active) as the Five
Man Electrical Band, 1969–1975[49]
 Maroon 5, American pop rock band that originated in Los Angeles, California [50]
 MC5, American punk rock band[51]
 Pentatonix, a Grammy-winning a cappella group originated in Arlington,
Texas[52]
 The 5th Dimension, American pop vocal group, active 1977–present[53]
 The Dave Clark Five, a.k.a. DC5, an English pop rock group comprising Dave
Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denis Payton, and Mike Smith; active 1958–
1970[54]
 The Jackson 5, American pop rock group featuring various members of the
Jackson family; they were billed (and active) as The Jackson 5, 1966–1975[55]
 We Five: American folk rock group active 1965–1967 and 1968–1977[56]
 Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five: American rap group, 1970–80's[57]
 Fifth Harmony, an American girl group.[58]
 Ben Folds Five, an American alternative rock trio, 1993–2000, 2008 and
2011–2013[59]
 R5 (band), an American pop and alternative rock group, 2009-2018 [60]
Other uses[edit]

 A perfect fifth is the most consonant harmony, and is the basis for most
western tuning systems.[61]
 Modern musical notation uses a musical staff made of five horizontal lines.[62]
 In harmonics – the fifth partial (or 4th overtone) of a fundamental has a
frequency ratio of 5:1 to the frequency of that fundamental. This ratio
corresponds to the interval of 2 octaves plus a pure major third. Thus, the
interval of 5:4 is the interval of the pure third. A major triad chord when played
in just intonation (most often the case in a cappella vocal ensemble singing), will
contain such a pure major third.
 The number of completed, numbered piano concertos of Ludwig van
Beethoven, Sergei Prokofiev, and Camille Saint-Saëns.
 Using the Latin root, five musicians are called a quintet. [63]
 A scale with five notes per octave is called a pentatonic scale.[64]
 Five is the lowest possible number that can be the top number of a time
signature with an asymmetric meter.
Television[edit]
Stations

 Channel 5 (UK), a television channel that broadcasts in the United Kingdom [65]
 5 (TV channel) (formerly known as ABC 5 and TV5) (DWET-TV channel 5 In
Metro Manila) a television network in the Philippines.[66]
Series

 Babylon 5, a science fiction television series[67]

 The number 5 features in the television series Battlestar Galactica in regards
to the Final Five cylons and the Temple of Five
 Hi-5 (Australian TV series), a television series from Australia[68]
 Hi-5 (UK TV series), a television show from the United Kingdom
 Hi-5 Philippines a television show from the Philippines
 Odyssey 5, a 2002 science fiction television series[69]
 Tillbaka till Vintergatan, a Swedish children's television series featuring a
character named "Femman" (meaning five), only can utter the word 'five'.
 The Five (talk show): Fox News Channel roundtable current events television
show, premiered 2011. So named for its panel of five commentators.
 Yes! PreCure 5 is a 2007 anime series which follows the adventures of Nozomi
and her friends. It is also followed by the 2008 sequel Yes! Pretty Cure 5 GoGo!
 Hawaii Five-0, CBS American TV series.[70]
Literature[edit]

 The Famous Five is a series of children's books by British writer Enid Blyton
 The Power of Five is a series of children's books by British writer and
screenwriter Anthony Horowitz
 The Fall of Five is a book written under the collective pseudonym Pittacus Lore
in the series Lorien Legacies
 The Book of Five Rings is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general,
written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645
 Slaughterhouse-Five is a book by Kurt Vonnegut about World War II[71]

Sports[edit]
 The Olympic Games have five interlocked rings as their symbol, representing
the number of inhabited continents represented by the Olympians (Europe, Asia,
Africa, Australia and Oceania, and the Americas).[72]
 In AFL Women's, the top level of women's Australian rules football, each team
is allowed 5 "interchanges" (substitute players), who can be freely substituted at
any time.
 In baseball scorekeeping, the number 5 represents the third baseman's
position.
 In basketball:
o The number 5 is used to represent the position of center.
o Each team has five players on the court at a given time. Thus, the phrase
"five on five" is commonly used to describe standard competitive basketball. [73]
o The "5-second rule" refers to several related rules designed to promote
continuous play. In all cases, violation of the rule results in a turnover.
 o Under the FIBA (used for all international play, and most non-US
leagues) and NCAA women's rule sets, a team begins shooting bonus free
throws once its opponent has committed five personal fouls in a quarter.
o Under the FIBA rules, A player fouls out and must leave the game after
committing five fouls
 Five-a-side football is a variation of association football in which each team
fields five players.[74]
 In ice hockey:
o A major penalty lasts five minutes.[75]
o There are five different ways that a player can score a goal (teams at
even strength, team on the power play, team playing shorthanded, penalty
shot, and empty net).[76]
o The area between the goaltender's legs is known as the five-hole.[77]
 In most rugby league competitions, the starting left wing wears this number.
An exception is the Super League, which uses static squad numbering.
 In rugby union:
o A try is worth 5 points.[78]
o One of the two starting lock forwards wears number 5, and usually
jumps at number 4 in the line-out.
o In the French variation of the bonus points system, a bonus point in the
league standings is awarded to a team that loses by 5 or fewer points.

Technology[edit]

 5 is the most common number of gears for automobiles with manual

transmission.[79]
 In radio communication, the term "Five by five" is used to indicate perfect
signal strength and clarity.[80]
 On almost all devices with a numeric keypad such as telephones, computers,
etc., the 5 key has a raised dot or raised bar to make dialing easier. Persons who
are blind or have low vision find it useful to be able to feel the keys of a
telephone. All other numbers can be found with their relative position around
the 5 button (on computer keyboards, the 5 key of the numpad has the raised dot
or bar, but the 5 key that shifts with % does not).[81]
 On most telephones, the 5 key is associated with the letters J, K, and L,[82] but on
some of the BlackBerry phones, it is the key for G and H.
 The Pentium, coined by Intel Corporation, is a fifth-
generation x86 architecture microprocessor.[83]
 The resin identification code used in recycling to identify polypropylene.[84]
 A pentamer is an oligomer composed of five subunits.
Miscellaneous fields[edit]

International maritime signal flag for 5

The fives of all four suits in playing cards

Five can refer to:

 "Give me five" is a common phrase used preceding a high five.

 An informal term for the British Security Service, MI5.
 Five babies born at one time are quintuplets. The most famous set of
quintuplets were the Dionne quintuplets born in the 1930s.[85]
 In the United States legal system, the Fifth Amendment to the United States
Constitution can be referred to in court as "pleading the fifth", absolving the
defendant from self-incrimination.[86]
 Pentameter is verse with five repeating feet per line; iambic pentameter was
the most popular form in Shakespeare.[87]
 Quintessence, meaning "fifth element", refers to the elusive fifth element that
completes the basic four elements (water, fire, air, and earth) [88]
 The designation of an Interstate Highway (Interstate 5) that runs from San
Diego, California to Blaine, Washington.[89] In addition, all major north-south
Interstate Highways in the United States end in 5.[90]
 The five basic tastes are sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami.[91]
 In the computer game Riven, 5 is considered a holy number, and is a recurring
theme throughout the game, appearing in hundreds of places, from the number of
islands in the game to the number of bolts on pieces of machinery.
 The Garden of Cyrus (1658) by Sir Thomas Browne is a Pythagorean discourse
based upon the number 5.
 The holy number of Discordianism, as dictated by the Law of Fives.[92]
 The number of Justices on the Supreme Court of the United States necessary to
render a majority decision.[93]
 The number of dots in a quincunx.[94]
 The number of permanent members with veto power on the United Nations
Security Council.[95]
 The number of sides and the number of angles in a pentagon.[96]
 The number of points in a pentagram.[97]
 The number of Korotkoff sounds when measuring blood pressure[98]
 The drink Five Alive is named for its five ingredients.[99] The
drink punch derives its name after the Sanskrit पञ्च (pañc) for having five
ingredients.[100]
 The Keating Five were five United States Senators accused of corruption in
1989.[101]
 The Inferior Five: Merryman, Awkwardman, The Blimp, White Feather, and
Dumb Bunny. DC Comics parody superhero team.[102]
 No. 5 is the name of the iconic fragrance created by Coco Chanel.[103]
 The Committee of Five was delegated to draft the United States Declaration of
Independence.[104]
 The five-second rule is a commonly used rule of thumb for dropped food.[105]
 555 95472, usually referred to simply as 5, is a minor male character in the
comic strip  Peanuts.[106]