XBOS3203

TAKE HOME EXAMINATION

< SEMESTER / YEAR>

MAY 2020

< COURSE CODE>

XBOS3203

< COURSE TITLE>

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY VOLUME II

MATRICULATION NO : 940108086097001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 940108086097
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PART A (QUESTION 1)

a) The space must:

(i) Be enclosed or partially enclosed, which means it must;
(ii) Have a restricted means for entry and exit;
(iii) Be at atmospheric pressure during occupancy; and
(iv) Not be intended or designed as a place of work.

PART A (QUESTION 1)

b) Explain FOUR causes of confined space fatalities in Malaysia

i. Exposure to toxic gases (H2S), especially in sewers, and to carbon monoxide

when working with petrol or diesel powered generators or pumps in confined
spaces;
ii. Burned alive when working with flammable materials in confined spaces.
Engulfment by free-flowing solids or liquids, including in trenches;
iii. Working in oxygen deficient atmospheres, due to the presence of asphyxiant gases
such as nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide; and
iv. Trying to save a friend in trouble in a confined space, without knowing the hazard
or knowing how to control the hazard.
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QUESTION 2
a) Explain FIVE hazards involves when working at height in a construction site.

i. Weak base for the scaffoldings or ladders.

 Each bay should be able to take the maximum loading without collapsing to the
ground.
ii. Weak anchor points for the suspended scaffolds or for lifelines or lanyards.
 The anchors should be tested to ensure they are able to take the maximum
expected load with an acceptable safety factor. When they give way, everything
can fall.
iii. Contact with electricity.
 Most electrical cables at height are uninsulated. This can also be caused by
intentionally or unintentionally working with live electricity.
iv. Slip trip and falls
 These happen where there is too little friction or traction between the footwear
and the walking surface. Common causes are wet or oily surfaces, occasional
spills and weather hazards.
v. Falling objects
 The most common injuries workers suffer from falling objects are bruises,
fractures, strains, and sprains. The objects that commonly fall range from large
items such as roof trusses and steel beams to small items such as fasteners and
small hand tools.

b) Describe with appropriate examples the FIVE highlights in Guidelines for the
Prevention of Falls at Work Places 2007.

i. Safety Lines, Belts and Harnesses

 Fall-Arrest Systems Fall
 Arrest systems are designed to support and hold a person in the event of a
fall. They are not designed to support a person while working. This would be
a work-positioning system. An evaluation of the different types of equipment
combined with a task assessment is needed to make a practical and safe
selection for a particular job.
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ii. Scaffolding
 Standing Scaffolds Employers shall ensure that:
 All guardrails and working platforms are in place on all areas in use, safe
access is provided to all working platforms, sufficient scaffold ties and braces
are in place, all load-bearing members are in the correct place and properly
secured with the correct fittings and working platforms are fully decked and
planks secured against movement.

iii. Temporary Non-Fixed Access and Platforms

 Perimeter Protection
 Perimeter protection shall be provided on the exposed edges of all work areas
from which a fall of more than 2 metres is possible. Guardrails, including
midrails and toeboards, are the preferred option. However, in some situations
other systems may be appropriate the height to the top of the guardrail shall
be between 0.9 and 1.1 metres.

iv. Roof Erection and Fixing

 Safety Mesh
 Safety mesh shall comply with accepted international Standard in both its
manufacture and installation. When correctly installed, safety mesh will
provide a fall-protection barrier for roof workers at the time of construction
and for future maintenance workers where the roof contains skylights or other
brittle roofing. It may be fixed over Roof penetrations to prevent the need for
guardrails.

v. Permanent Fixed Access and Platforms

 Fixed Tread or Step Ladder
 These ladders should be pitched at an angle of 60 degrees to 70 degrees.
Treads should be at least 100 mm wide, with a rise of between 200-250 mm.
Guardrails should be fitted at a minimum height of 1.0 metres vertically
above the nosing of the treads. Other requirements include maximum length
of 6.l metres and minimum width of 460 mm with the distance between
guardrails of 535-760 mm.
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PART B (QUESTION 1)

a) Housekeeping 5s

Housekeeping is an important part in implementing waste elimination, one of the key

pillars of 5S. Safety and good housekeeping principles mainly are important when it
comes to storage. An effective storage solution gives the ability to store many items
close to the operation, and a visual labelling system makes it easy, quick and safe to
store, find and retrieve items. The ability to pull a drawer or shelf all the way out to
retrieve items keeps employees from placing themselves in an unsafe position and
environment, while storage solutions free up floor space, eliminating tripping hazards
and clutter and improve visual management. This is one of way to control accident in
Zatenergy Construction Berhad.

b) You see you act,

“U SEE U ACT”, this is the keyword on how to control the exposed hazard that
workers see in work place . First act from one person maybe can safe all life. Safety
is the way of life and its must be the highest law at work management. All act from a
person, must think about the consequences or threat from his act. On this program
employer will get knowledge on how to identify unsafe act unsafe condition,
consequences and threat that can cause harm to especially when at Zatenergy
Construction Berhad warehouse.

c) Toolbox Meeting

A Toolbox Talk is an informal safety meeting that focuses on safety topics related to
the specific job, such as workplace hazards and safe work practices. Meetings are
normally short in duration and are generally conducted at the job site prior to the
commencement of a job or work shift. It is one of the very effective methods to
refresh workers' knowledge, cover last minute safety checks, and exchange
information with the experienced workers. Toolbox Talks are also intended to
facilitate health and safety discussions on the job site and promote organization’s
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safety culture. Toolbox talks are sometimes referred to as tailgate meetings or safety
briefings. So that, workers can plan well to prevent hazard before the work get start.

d) Job Hazard Analysis

A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify
hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task,
the tools, and the work environment. Supervisors can use the findings of a job hazard
analysis to eliminate and prevent hazards in their workplaces. This is likely to result
in fewer worker injuries and illnesses, safer, more effective work methods reduced
workers compensation costs and increased worker productivity. The analysis also can
be a valuable tool for training new employees in the steps required to perform their
jobs safely. For a job hazard analysis to be effective, management must demonstrate
its commitment to safety and health and follow through to correct any uncontrolled
hazards identified. Otherwise, management will lose credibility and employees may
hesitate to go to management when dangerous conditions threaten them

e) OSH Week
Thru OSHA week ,workers can educate on safety work, build safety culture, raise
awareness about hazard, and break down walls. The desired end result is increased
personal and collective vigilance on safety. Promote safety discussions between
multiple programs and across a variety of fields such aviation, medical, maintenance,
business, and administration can improve processes and develop better procedures
and practices by learning from the experiences of others. By launching an Osh week
also can develop action groups for continued safety initiatives throughout the year.
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QUESTION 2
a) 5 Possible Hazard
 Falling object
 Sugar dust
 Hitting and being hit by moving objects
 Hazardous chemicals
 Biological substances
b)

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ( (G)

F
)
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTRO
IMP
N WORK ACTIVITY HAZARD ACT EXISTING CONTROL LEGAL S L R RECOMMENDED
O. ON REQM'T R CONTROL
TAR
GET
Structures which can be  Barricading the  Job design
Falling Fatality / zones to prevent
higher than  Equipment
object Bodily unauthorized
1 60 metres like chimney injury persons from  Training
accessing high OSHA act 4 2 8
stacks  PPE
risk areas, 1994
 Using head  Signage
protection
2 Operations which involve Skin Minimizing occurrences  Under no
Sugar dust
handling, production or irritation which may disturb dust circumstances
storage of sugar , layers creating dust clouds OSHA act 3 1 3 battery charger
1994
Eye or removal of dust layers low pressure s
irritation through good vapor discharg
Nose housekeeping practices be installed in
and hazardous loca
throat  Elimination of
irritation sources of igni
such as hot wo
smoking and n
flames
Preventing or minimizing  providing train
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3 exposure to the risk of  ensuring site ru

prepared and f
being hit by moving
Lack of warning devices on Hitting and Fatality / objects can be achieved
being hit by Bodily
moving plant and vehicles through separation, for
moving injury Factories
such as forklifts objects example: and
• overhead walkways Machinery 3 2 6
Act 1967
• yard fencing
• underpasses
• exclusion zones.
4 Plant not maintained in safe The risk of injury from - fitting reversin
condition (e.g. unguarded or persons walking through and beepers to
inadequately guarded Hitting and Neck rolling stock is eliminated vehicles
being hit by injuries
machinery which generates if access is provided to - clearing a desi
moving
flying objects such as objects Eye work areas without the walkway so th
injuries OSHA act 2 2 4
splinters, metal fragments need to walk through bins 1994 people and mo
and dust) in mill yards. Preventing plant/equipme
or minimizing exposure to kept separate
the risk of being hit by - install mirrors
moving objects other warning
at intersections
5 Unloading and bulk transfer Hazardous Anaemia Ensuring a safety data - isolating high
chemicals , kidney
sheet is readily available areas with barr
damage
to anyone likely to be signage (e.g. u
exposed to the hazardous OSHA act 4 1 4 effect stage wh
chemical 1994 caustic boiling
Records are maintained - detailed and
for the specified time. documented op
procedures
- training
- emergency res
- provision of, a
training with,
appropriate PP

Likelihood (L) Severity (S)

1=Inconceivable 1 =Negligible
2=Remote 2 =Minor
3=Conceivable 3 =Moderate
4=Possible 4 =Major
5=Most Likely 5 =Catastrophic
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S S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

L5
5 10 15 20 25

L4
4 8 12 16 20

L3
3 6 9 12 15

L2
2 4 6 8 10

L1 1 2 3 4 5

Risk
Risk level Recommended Action
Acceptability

Low Risk 1. A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable

Acceptable and further reduction may not be necessary. However, if
(1 - 4) the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control
measures should be implemented and recorded
Medium 2. A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to
controlling the hazards and applies temporary measure if
Risk Tolerable
required. Action taken must be documented on the risk
assessment form including date of completion.
(5 – 12)

High Risk 3. A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the

Not
hazards as detailed in hierarchy of control. Actions must be
(16 – 25)
documented on the risk assessment form including date of
acceptable
completion.