EXPERIMENT 1 : IDENTIFICATION OF A COMPOUND

COURSE CODE : AS2291A

NAME : NUR FAIZATUL ATIQAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN

STUDENT ID : 2018435816

PARTNER NAME : MUHAMMAD HAZIM TAQIUDDIN BIN HARUN (2018276436)

SITI NURHALIZA BINTI KAMARUDZAMAN (2018435412)

NURUL FITRI BINTI ABDUL MALIK (2018259836)

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 25 SEPTEMBER 2018

LECTURER’S NAME : DR. AMALINA MOHD TAJUDDIN

OBJECTIVE
(i) To identify a compound on the basis of its chemical properties

(ii) To determine identity of given unknown compounds based on their chemical

properties.

INTRODUCTION

Experiment are used to develop, understand and predict the various chemical
phenomena. Experiment process include the scientific process which is called scientific
method. The main method of the experiment is observation. Observation can be both
qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative observation is likely called measurements and
involve numbers and unit while qualitative observation does not involve a number.
Experiment is involve gathering the data from the observation to help predict identities
of unknown solution or reaction of known solution.

In this experiment, the chemical reaction is performed and the chemical changes of the
characteristic of various compound been observed, the qualitative observation is
required and the data was recorded involving the know reagents and the ‘unknown’
reagents.

The chemical reaction accompanied by chemical changes involving:

a) A gas is envolved and the evolution may be rapid or slow with “fizzing” sound.
b) Heat may be envolved or absorbed, an exothermic reaction gives off heat while
an endothermic reaction absorbs heat. The reaction vessel will feel warm for an
exothermic reaction and cool for an endothermic rection ,
c) A precipitate may appear. It is useful to obsrve the texture and colour of the
precipitate.
d) Odor may be detected. There could also be a change in odor for example more
intense,less intense or different odor.
e) A change in colour of the solution may occur.

CHEMICALS
Known solution : 0.2 M NaCl

0.2 M Na2CO

0.2 M MgSO4

0.2 M NH4Cl

Unknown solution : Solution 1

Solution 2

Solution 3

Solution 4

Test Reagents : 0.2 M AgNO3 (aq)

0.2 M NaOH (aq)

0.2 M HCl (aq)

APPARATUS

Test tube, Test tube rack, Dropper.

METHOD
 A. Observation of Chemical of Known Compounds

I. Observation with silver nitrate test reagent

1. Four small test tube is cleaned and labeled.

2. 5-10 drops of each ‘known’ solution placed into the labeled test tube.
3. A dropper pipet is used to deliver several drops of silver nitrate test reagent
into the labeled test tube.
4. If theres any changes in the test tube,add another several drops of silver
nitrate into the test tube.
5. Record the observation and write chemical equation for the reaction occur into
Table 1

II. Observation with sodium hydroxide test reagents.

1. Four small test tube is cleaned and labeled.

2. 5-10 drops of ‘known’ solution is placed into the labeled test tube
3. Several drops of sodium hydroxide test reagents added into the test tube contain
test reagents.
4. The observation is recorded into Table 1
5. Write the chemical equation for the reaction occur.

III. Observation with hydrochloric acid test reagents.

1. Four small test tube is cleaned and labeled.

2. 5-10 drops of ‘known’ solution added into the labeled test tube.
3. Several drops of hydrochloric acid is added into the test tube contain the ‘known’
solution.
4. The observation recorded in the Table 1

B. Chemical Properties of Unknown Compounds

 1. Given four ‘unknown’ solution labeled 1 to 4
2. Perform an experiment to determined the identity of the ‘uknown’ solution.
3. The observation is recorded in Table 2
4. Identify the four ‘unknown’ solution.

DATA

TABLE 1: OBSERVATION FOR KNOWN SOLUTION

 NaCl Na2CO3 MgSO4 NH4Cl
AgNO3 White precipitate Cloudy solution Remain colourless White precipitate
Chemical Ag NO 3(aq) + Na Cl(aq) → AgCl
Ag NO + Na
(s ) 3(aq) NO
+ Na CO
3(aq) 3 (aq) → Ag CO )+ Na NO3 (aq)
No3(sreaction Ag NO 3(aq) + NH 4 Cl(aq) → Ag Cl
Equation
NaOH Remain colourless Remain colourless Remain colourless Remain colourless
Chemical NaOH (aq )+ Na Cl(aq) → NoNaOH
reaction
(aq )+ Na 2 CO 3 (aq) →NaOH
Noreaction
(aq )+ Mg SO 4 → Noreaction
NaOH (aq )+ NH 4 Cl → Noreacti

Equation
HCl Remain colourless Remain colourless Remain colourless Remain colourless
Chemical H Cl(aq) + NaCl(aq) → No reaction
H Cl(aq) + Na 2 CO 3(aq) → NoHreaction
Cl(aq) + Mg SO 4(aq) → NoHreaction
Claq ¿ ¿+ NH 4 C l (aq) → Norea
Equation

TABLE 2: OBSERVATION OF UNKNOWN SOLUTION

Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Solution 4

AgNO3 Remain Cloudy solution White White
colourless precipitate precipitate
NaOH Cloudy solution Remain Remain Remain
colourless colourless colourless
HCl Remain Remain Remain Remain
colourless colourless colourless colourless
Identification of unknown solution:

Solution 1: MgSO4 Solution 2 : NaCO3

Solution 3 : NH4Cl Solution 4 : NaCl

QUESTIONS

1. The following experimental observation were collected:

NH3(aq) HCl(aq) H2SO4(aq)

Na- No change No change No change
Ag+ No change White ppt No change
Ba2- No change No change White ppt
Mg2+ White ppt No change No change
Cu2+ Blue ppt/deep blue solution No change No change

a) Identify a reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Mg 2+ and Na+.

Explain
The reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Mg 2+ and Na+ is NH3. This
is because when Mg2+ react with NH3 it produced white precipitate while reaction
Na+ and NH3 produce no change in colour of the solution.

b) Identify a reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Mg 2+ and Ag+.

Explain

The reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Mg 2+ and Ag+ is HCl. This
is because white precipitate is formed when the reaction between Ag + and HCl
occurs while no change in colour solution in reaction between HCl and Mg 2+.

c) Identify a reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Cu 2- and Ba2+.

Explain

The reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Cu 2+ and Ba2+ is NH3. This
is due to the observation shown which is deep blue solution produce in reaction
between Cu2+ and NH3 theres no change in solution in reaction between Ba 2+ and
NH3.

d) Identify a reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of Ba 2- and Cu2-.

Explain

The reagent H2SO4 is used to distinguish the chemical properties of Ba 2+ and

Cu2+. This due to the result shown after the reaction occurs between H 2SO4 and
Ba2= which produce white precipitate and reaction between H 2SO4 and Cu2+
produce no change in the solution.

e) Identify a reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of HCl + and H2SO4.
Explain
 The reagent that distinguish the chemical properties of HCl and H 2SO4 is Ag+.
This is because the reaction between HCl and Ag + produce white precipitate
while reaction between H2SO4 and Ag+ produce no change in solution.

2.Three colorless solution are placed in the test tube with no labels. Lying beside the
test tube are labels: 0.10 M K2CO3, 0.10 M H2SO4 and 0.10 M NaOH. You are to place
the labels on the test tube using only the three solutions. Here on your test:

Test 1: A few drops of solution from test tube #1 added to similar volume of the solution
in test tube #2 produces no visible reaction but the solution become warm
Test 2: A few drops of the solution from test tube #1 added to similar volume of the
solution in test tube #3 produces carbon dioxide gas
On the basis of your observation, how would you label the three test tubes?

Answer:
By using the information from the observation in test 2, the reaction occurs between test
tube #1 and test tube #3 produce CO2 gas. Which means the reaction that occurs is :

K 2 CO3 (aq )+ H 2 SO4 (aq ) → K 2 SO 4 (aq) +CO2 (g) + H 2 (aq )

So, we can conclude that test tube #3 is H 2SO4.

While, by using the information in test 1, the observation is no visible reaction, but the
solution become warm. The reaction which produce no visible reaction but produce
warm solution called ionic exchange. In this reaction, the heat is produced to break the
bonding I a compound. So, the results produce warm solution. The reaction occurs is:

K 2 CO3 (aq )+ Na OH (aq) → K OH (aq) + Na2 CO 3(aq)

So, we can conclude that test tube #1 is K2CO3, test tube #2 is NaOH and test tube #3
is H2SO4.

DISCUSSION

In the reaction in the table 1, the reaction occurs is the double replacement reaction
which produce the white precipitate in the reaction between AgNO 3 and NaCl and the
reaction between AgNO3 and NH4Cl while the cloudy solution is produced is reaction
between AgNO3 and Na2CO3. In this reaction at least one reaction in insoluble in water.
An insoluble product is in solid state and its called a precipitate.The chemical reaction
that occurs in this reaction is :

Ag NO 3(aq) + Na Cl(aq) → AgCl (s )+ Na NO 3(aq)

Ag NO 3(aq) + Na CO3 (aq) → Ag CO 3(s )+ Na NO3 (aq)

Ag NO 3(aq) + NH 4 Cl(aq) → Ag Cl(aq)+ NH 4 NO 3(aq)

The reaction between MgSO4 and NaOH and reaction between NaOH and NH 4Cl is
also a double replacement reaction. In this reaction,no change in the solution colour.
The reaction between Na2CO3 and NaOH and the reaction between NaCl and NaOH
produce to change in the solution after the experiment. The chemical equation that
occurs in the experiment is :

MgS O 4 (aq )+ Na OH ( aq) → No reaction

NaOH (aq )+ Na 2 CO3 (aq) → Noreaction

NaOH (aq )+ Mg SO 4 → Noreaction

NaOH (aq )+ NH 4 Cl → Noreaction

Based on the table 2 in this experiment, the reaction between AgNO 3 with the four
‘unknown’ solution which is labelled as solution 1, solution 2, solution 3 and solution 4
produced cloudy solution when react with solution 2 and produce white precipitate when
react with solution 3 and 4. While, no change in colour solution when reaction occurs
between AgNO3 and solution 1.

While in second experiment, the reaction between NaOH and the 4 ‘unknown’ solution
produced no change in the solution when the reaction occurs.

Third, the reaction between the ‘unknown’ solutions with HCl also produced no change
in the solution colour when HCl react with all the ‘unknown’ solutions.
Thus, we can conclude that the solution 1 is MgSO 4, solution 2 is Na2CO3, solution 3 is
NH4Cl and the solution 4 is NaCl.

CONCLUSION
 The unknown solution is identified based on their chemical properties.

 The result in table 1 is used to identify the unknown solution in table 2.

 The unknown solution is identified as:

Solution 1 is MgSO4, solution 2 is NaCO3, solution 3 is NH4Cl and solution 4 is
NaCl
REFERENCE

 http://dardel.info/IX/reactions.html.my
 https://www.quora.com/Does-NaCl-react-with-HCl-if-it-does-what-is-the-
chemical-equation
 https://study.com/acdemy/lesson/double-displacement-reaction-definition-
examples.html

DATASHEET
Experiment A (i)
Experiment A (ii)

Experiment A (iii)