CHM420 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

AS222

EXPERIMENT 1 :
IDENTIFICATION OF A COMPOUND

NAME NURUL AFIQAH BINTI MD ROSSLEY

MATRIX NUMBER 2022452676
GROUP CLASS N3AS2221A1
DATE OF 17/10/2022
EXPERIMENT
DATE OF 11/11/2022
SUBMISSION
LECTURER’S PUAN WAN ELINA FARADILA BINTI
NAME WAN KHALID
Title Identification Of A Compound.

Objective  To identify a compound on the basic of its chemical

properties.
 To determine the identity of given unknown compounds
based on their chemical properties.

Method ( Referring to jotter and lab pictures)

Results ( Referring to Datasheet)

Questions 1. There colourless solution are placed in test tubes with

no labels. Lying beside the test tubes are three label:
0.10 M K2CO3, 0.10 M H2SO4, and 0.10 M NaOH. You are
to place the labels on the test tubes using only the
solutions. Here are your tests:

a) A few drops of the solution from test tube 1

added to a similar volume of the solution in test
tube 2 produce no visible reaction but the solution
becomes warm.
b) A few drops of the solution from test tube 1
added to a similar volume of the solution in test
tube 3 produces carbon dioxide gas.
c) On the basic of your observations, how would
you label the three test tubes?

In the test 1, when acid react with base it can produces salt
and water. Clear solution is formed and becomes warm.
In the test 2, when acid react with carbonate, it can produces
carbon dioxide gas, water and salt.

Test 1 : H2SO4(aq)+ NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H20 (I)

Test 2 : H2SO4(aq)+ K2CO3 (aq) → K2SO4(s) + H2O(I) + CO2(g)

Thus, test tube 1 is H2SO4, test tube 2 is NaOH, and test tube 3
is K2CO3.

Discussion In this experiment, we consider chemical identification as

a process of setting up, testing, and screening of hypotheses,
and review principles, techniques, and errors of identification.
We also differentiate between methods for confirming identity
and those for identifying unknown solutions.

From method A.
1.Observations with AgNO3 :
a) NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (s)
Expectations and observation: white
precipitate formed

NaCl will react with AgNO3 as a double replacement

reaction. The cations Na+ and Ag+ will swap places. White
precipitate is formed because AgCl is insoluble in water.

b) Na2CO3(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Ag2C03(s) + 2Na2NO3(aq)

Expectations and observation: Yellowish
precipitate formed

Na2CO3 will react with AgNO3 as a double displacement

reaction. The cations, Na+ and Mg2+ will swap places. Yellowish
precipitate is formed because Ag2C03 has very low of solubility.

C) MgSO4 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) ) → Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag2SO4

(aq)
Expectations and observation : clear solution formed

MgSO4 will react with AgNO3. However, there was no

precipitate formed because Ag2SO4 is soluble in water.

2.Observation with NaOH :

a) NaCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → no reaction occur

Expectations and observation : clear solution
formed

The cations in both compounds are the same (Na+). Thus,

no chemical reaction will occur.

b) Na2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) → no reaction occur

Expectations and observation : clear solution formed

The cations in both compounds are the same (Na +). Thus,
no chemical reaction will occur.
 c) MgSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na 2SO4 + Mg(OH)2
Expectations and observation : cloudy solution formed

MgSO4 will react with NaOH with as a double

displacement reaction. The cations, Na+ and Mg2+ will swap
places.

3.Observation with HCl:

a) NaCl(aq) + HCl(aq) → no reaction

Expectations and observation : clear solution formed

HCl is a strong acid and NaCl is neutral salt. Thus, they can
dissociates completely in water. No precipitate are formed.

b) Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + C02(g)

Expectations : bubble produced
Observation : clear solution formed

Both HCl and Na2CO3 will dissociate

completely in solution. The H+ will bind with oxygen of
the carbonate produce water, carbon dioxide and
dissolved NaCl. The observation not produce bubble
solution because HCl and Na2CO3 not dissociate
completely in solution. Thus, H+ not bind with oxygen.
No bubble produce.

c) MgSO4 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)

Expectation and observation: clear solution formed and
reaction occur

HCl will react with MgSO4 as a double displacement

reaction. The cations H+ and Mg2+ will swap places.
MgSO4 and HCl dissociates completely in water.
From method B,
To know identity of Unknown compounds, the results of
Method A and Method B are compared. Unknown solution 1 is
NaCl. This is because results of solution same as NaCl. When
solution 1 react with AgN03, it will produce white precipitate.
Solution 2 is Na2C03. This is because results of solution 2 are
same as Na2CO3. When solution 2 react with AgNO3, it will
 produce yellowish precipitate. Solution 3 is MgSO4. This is
because results of solution 3 are same as MgS04. When solution
3 react with NaOH, it will produce cloudy solution.

Conclusion The purpose of this experiment was to identify a

compound on the basic of its chemical properties. Each
compounds have different chemical properties when react
with acid, base, and salt. Some of them are soluble in water
that undergoes double replacement reaction, and producing
carbon dioxide gas. In this case, solubility and double
replacement reaction can be observe when NaCl react with
AgNO3, white precipitate produced. When Na2CO3 react with
AgNo3 , yellowish precipitate is formed and when MgSO4 react
with NaOH, cloudy solution is formed.

The next purpose of this experiment was to determine

identity of unknown compounds base on their chemical
properties. First is NaCl, when NaCl react with AgNO3, white
precipitate is formed. It is because it was a double
displacement that produced AgCl which is insoluble in water.
Second, MgSO4, when MgSO4 react with NaOH, cloudy solution
is formed. It is was a double displacement that produced
Na2SO4 which is insoluble in water. Third is Na2CO3. What is
believed to be the unknown solution 3 were reacted with
AgNO3, which produce yellowish precipitate because it was a
double displacement that produced Ag2CO3 which is insoluble
in water.

Refernces Silberberg, M. S (2013) Chemistry: The Molecular

Nature of Matter and Change, Global Edition,
McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings.

Chang, R (2012) Chemistry. 11th Edition,

International Edition, McGraw-Hill Co Boston.

Hill, J. C., Brown, T. L., & LeMay, H. E.

(2015). Chemistry: the central science,
 13thEdition. Boston: Pearson.

“What Happens When Sodium Carbonate Reacts with

Hydrochloric Acid? Chemistry Q&A.” Byjus.com,
byjus.com/question-answer/what-happens-
when-sodium-carbonate-reacts-with-
hydrochloric-acid/.

“8:IdentificationofUnknowns(Experiment).” Chemistry
LibreTexts,19 Sept.2016,chem.libretexts.
org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_
Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/
Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Experiments/8%3A_
Identification_of_Unknowns_(Experiment).

3. Hill, J. C., Brown, T. L., & LeMay, H. E. (2015).

Chemistry: the central science, 13th
Edition. Boston: Pearson.
3. Hill, J. C., Brown, T. L., & LeMay, H. E. (2015).
Chemistry: the central science, 13th
Edition. Boston: Pearson.
3. Hill, J. C., Brown, T. L., & LeMay, H. E. (2015).
Chemistry: the central science, 13th
Edition. Boston: Pearson.