Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHEMICAL BONDING
GROUP V :
ZAIMATUL UMAH
CHEMICAL BONDING
A DATE OF EXPERIMENT : Tuesday, 13 November 2012
B. PURPOSE
D BASIC THEORY
2. Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond occurs when two atoms come together and share a pair of
electrons, thus completing their valence shell of electrons. Covalent bonds can exist
as either a polar or non-polar covalent bond. Polar covalent bonds can further form
hydrogen bonds and exhibit hydrophilicity (water-loving), while non-polar
covalent bonds exhibit hydrophobicity (water-fearing).
Covalent bonds in a biological system usually remain intact, without the aid
of an enzyme.
Example is CCl4 reaction with AgNO3 will not yield other compound.
CCl4 + AgNO3
Covalent bonding between atom and other can change become ionic
bonding with changing one of the atom. Such CCl in CCL4 that covalent bond with
atom C can changing become ionic bonding with change atoms C with Ca. that
reaction is :
CCl4(l) + CaO(s) CaCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)
Compound that covalent bonding has properties such as difficult to soluble
in the water,but soluble in organics.
E PROCEDURE
1. Comparing ionic bonding and covalent bonding
1 ml of aquades + 5 drop NaCl
1 ml of CCl4
2 drop AgNO3
-
Observed changes
time
Reaction : NaCI(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NaNO3 (aq) + AgCI(s)
- Observed changes
Little C12H22O11
Put into porcelen cup
heated
G. ANALYSIS
1. Comparing ionic bonding and covalent bonding.
There are some bubles when adeed by AgNO3. This reaction no smell and colorless
solution.
The result is melt a half on the center and colorless then crystaled again around the
porcelain cup. White crystal when heated there is gasses (CO) and the smell is bad.
H2C2O4 HCOOH(s) +CO2(g)
Oxalat yield
partial (a half)
C12H22O11+12O2 12CO2(aq)+11H2O
become
Carbon
Monoxyde.
Then yield again and crystaled become Format Acid and Carbon Dioxyde.
The result is become caramel, brown color, and the smell is good.
H. CONCLUSSION
From our experiment we can get conclusion are that ionic bond and
covalent bond. Ionic bond is formed by transfer of electron between atom to give
electrically charged particles that attract each other this attraction between oppositely
charged ion is what constitutes an ionic bond. Covalent bond is formed by the sharing of
electrons between atoms. In a shared between them is what constitutes a covalent bond.
I. REFERENCE
Tim Kimia Dasar. 2010. Kimia Dasar I. Surabaya: UNESA
G. SVEHLA. 1990. VOGEL. Bagian I. Logman Group Limited: London
G. SVEHLA. 1990. VOGEL. Bagian II. Logman Group Limited: London
WWW.Google. com
WWW.Chemis.try.org