7/8

TLE
(Technical Drafting)
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Prepare and Interpret
Technical Drawing
(Analyze Signs,
Symbols and Data)
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) -Technical Drafting 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 5: Prepare and Interpret Technical
Drawing (Analyze, Signs, Symbols and
Data)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: : Cherubim C. Cerdana, Sheryll Mae C. Agutaya
Editors: Martin I. Diaz

Reviewers: Jona Marie D. Villa Agustin, Memvie L. Alesna

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Layout Artist: Lawrence C. Aduca
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7/8

TLE
(Technical Drafting)
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Prepare and Interpret
Technical Drawing
(Analyze Signs,
Symbols and Data)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator: Welcome to the TLE-Technical Drafting Grade 7/8 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology Livelihood Education (TLE) -Technical Drafting 7/8

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Prepare and Interpret Technical Drafting!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

2
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

3
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Signs, Symbols, and Data in Technical Drawing. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of one lesson and one learning outcomes:

• Lesson 4 – Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
LO1: Analyze signs, symbols, and data

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify signs and symbols used in technical drawing; and
2. analyze data indicated in the technical drawing.

4
 What I Know

Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer. Use the given activity sheet for
your answer.

1. Why are symbols important in technical drawing?

a. Because they provide a “common language” for drafters all over the world
b. Because they will help improve the visual effect of the drawing
c. Because they will help in understanding the whole concept of the drawing
d. None of the above

2. Which of the following is the symbol of fluorescent lamp?

a.

b.

c.

d.

3. Which of the following is the representation of fuse symbol?

a.

b.

c.

d.

4. The symbol shown below is the representation of __________.

a. Door
b. Window
c. Gate
d. Wire

5. The symbol shown below is the representation of ____________.

a. Single kitchen
b. P-Trap
c. Tub
d. Shower

5
6. The symbol shown below is the representation of _______.
a. Duplex convenience outlet
b. Door Outlet
c. Single receptacle outlet
d. Switch

7. Which of the following is the symbol of connected wires?

a.

b.

c.

d.

8. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a.

b.

c.

d.

9. Which of the following provides a “common language” for drafters all over
the world?
a. Symbol
b. Lines
c. Dimension
d. Drawing

10. Which of the following illustrations is a representation of electrical symbol?

a.

b.

c.

d.

6
11. Which of the following is considered as orthographic drawing which shows the
exterior of the building?
a. elevation
b. section view
c. scale measurement
d symbol

12. Which of the following uses a ratio of 1:1?

a. scale
b. half size
c. full size
d. extra size

13. What is the comparison to 1 meter if the ratio used in the floor is 1:50?
a. 20 mm equals to 1 m
b. 50 mm equals to 1 m
c. 100 mm equals to 1 m
d. 60 mm equals to 1 m

14. What is the area of the master’s bedroom based on the figure below?

a. 20 m2
b. 16 m2
c. 30 m2
d. 4 m2

4.00 m

15. Why do we need to have door scheduling?

a. to ensure proper installation in the building.
b. to schedule the time of purchase
c. to determine the scope of work
d. both b and c

7
 Lesson Prepare and Interpret
4 Technical Drawing
In the preparation of working drawings for the building-construction industry,
architects and engineers have devised systems of abbreviations, signs and symbols
to simplify the work of those preparing the drawings and to keep the size and bulk
of the construction documents to an acceptable and comprehensible plan. Drawing
simple building components without the use of symbols would indeed be a
tiresome task.

What’s In

Activity 1. Directions: Convert the following measurement from metric to English

system or vice versa. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.

1. 50 cm = __________ in.
4. 12 in. = __________ cm.
2. 4 ½ in. = __________cm.
5. 38 cm = __________ ft.
3. 85 cm. = __________ m.

What’s New

Activity 2. Directions: Match Column A to Colum B. Write the letter of your on the
space provided before the number. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.
.

Column A Column B

_____1. a. Switch
b. Cylindricity

_____2. c. Straightness

d. Exterior Door

_____3. e. Shower

8
 f. Toilet
_____4.
g. Parallelism
h. Bell
_____5.
i. Fluorescent lamp
j. Floor Outlet
_____6.
k. Interior Door

_____7.

Guide Questions

• Do you think you were able to match signs/symbols with their names?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
• Which items you found easy to recognize? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
• Which items you found difficult to recognize? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Drafting Symbols
Symbols provide a “common language” for drafters all over the world. However,
symbols can be meaningful only if they are created according to the relevant
standards or conventions.
Table 1. Common Architectural Symbols

Symbols Description Symbol Description

Exterior Door Toilet

9
 Wall hung toilet
Interior Door

Pocket Door Urinal

Bifold Door Oval Vanity Sink

Bipass Door Rectangular

Vanity Sink

Window Heat Water

Shower Shower with Seat

Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms used to represent various

electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are used
in sketching schematic diagrams and electrical plans for numerous types of electrical
works. Practically any electrical fixture found in a house has a symbol that coincides
to said fixture on an electrical wiring diagram. These are very useful guide for an
electrician or electrical contractor, thus, making the wiring easier to install as well.

Table 2. Common Electrical Symbols

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Conductor/Wire A Ammeter

Terminal V Voltmeter

Switch G Galvanometer

Fuse Wattmeter
W

10
 Panel
not

Connected Wires Wires

Connected

Circuit Breaker Push Button

Cell Bell

Buzzer Duplex
Convenience
Outlet

Power panel Board Range Outlet

Lighting Weatherproof
Board WP Outlet

Incandescent Floor Outlet

Lamp

Fluorescent Lamp S1 Single Pole Switch

Electrical Signs
Your power tool with its manual may contain "WARNING ICONS" (a picture symbol
intended to alert you to, and/or to instruct you how to avoid a potentially hazardous
condition). Knowing and understanding these symbols will help you operate your tool
better and more safely.

Table 3. Common Electrical Signs

11
Table 4. Common Plumbing Symbols

Name Symbols Illustrated

900 Elbows

Straight Tee

Reducing Tee

Sanitary Tee

P-Trap

Gate Valve

12
 Shower Head

Lavatory (Sinks)

Bath Tubs

Orthographic Projection

An orthographic projection is a representation of separate views of an object on a

two-dimensional surface. It reveals the width, depth and height of an object.

The projection is achieved by viewing the object from a point assumed to be at infinity
(an indefinitely great distance away). The line of sight or projectors are parallel to
each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection.

Three Plane of Projection

One can develop the skill in visualizing the views of an object by imagining that the
object is enclosed in a “glass box”. Each face of the object is viewed perpendicularly
to the projection plane. The views are obtained by projecting the lines of sight to each
plane of the glass box. Since the glass box have six sides, six views of the object can
be seen.

1. Frontal Plane- The projection shown in the frontal plane is called front
view or front elevation.
2. Horizontal Plane- The projection shown in this plane is called top view or
plan view.
3. Profile Plane. A projection at this plane is called the side view or end
view, or side or end elevation.

The glass box

Representing the
Planes of
projection

Figure 1. Illustrations of six principal views of an object

13
As we unfold the glass box, six views of the object are revealed: top, front, right-
side, left-side, rear, and bottom view. We assumed that all of the pieces of the glass
box are hinged to the front plane except the rear plane being hinged to the left-side
plane, as shown in the illustration.

Figure 2. Unfolding the glass box in one plane show

Technical Drawing Data

1. Elevation

Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior of a building.
The elevation is that part of the building that people see and observe, hence, it is the
part they use to judge the structure.

In architectural elevation is a view of a building showing its height and dimension.

When elevations show the exterior of a residential unit, they are simply called
elevations. Interior elevations show the inside of a building. Elevations are the
exterior views of a building. They are necessary in as much as they show the height
of the building and its appearance on each side. Normally, the four elevations are
sufficient to describe the appearance of the residential building.

Preliminary Sketches

The location and proportion of features are very important in the drawing of elevation.
Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and openings. Some of the things
to consider in the drawing of elevations are;

1. Proportion – which deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation
to one another.
2. Fenestration – deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a wall.

14
 3. Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a uniform
elevation.

4. Shadows refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting when

designed to take advantage of shadows.

Elevation Projection

Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an architectural drawing just
as the views are projected the front view of an orthographic drawing. All six views are
rarely used to depict architectural structures, instead only four are used. These four
elevations are normally projected on the floor plan.

Figure 3. Front Elevation Figure 4. Rear Elevation

Figure 5. Left Side Elevation Figure 6. Right Side Elevation

2. Dimensioning

Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum line, which is a
reference line that remains constant. Dimensions on elevation show the height above
the datum or the ground line. Dimensioning elevations must conform with basic
standards to ensure consistency of interpretation.
Dimensioning Method
1. Aligned Method
All dimensions are placed aligned with the dimension line and be read from either
the bottom or right side of the paper.

Figure 7. Sample illustration of aligned method

15
2. Unidirectional Method
In the unidirectional method, all dimensions are read from the bottom of the page
as illustrated. This is a new method.

Figure 8. Sample illustration of unidirectional method

Rules in Dimensioning

For a beginner like you, remember these dimensioning rules when placing
measurements in your drawing.
1. Dimensions should be placed between the views.
2. Avoid repetition of dimensions.
3. Use outside dimension if the space is limited, and use an inside dimension
if there is enough space.
4. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible.
5. Staggered dimensioning should be used when the space for dimensioning
is limited.
6. When dimensioning a circle, it should be from center to center.
7. Dimensions are entered in millimeters without measures.
8. Extension lines must have a distance of about 10 mm from the object edge
and an approximate 2 millimeters after the dimension lines.
3. Scale Measurement

The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing and
enlarging the scale size measurement. There are two system of measurement, Metric
system and English system.

Figure 9. Typical Metric ratios

16
 Figure 10. Architectural and Mechanical Metric Scale

Metric System

Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale, the bigger the
size in the triangular scale whereas, the largest the number used the smallest size of
actual measurement.

1:05 m. 1: 100 m.

1:10 m. 1: 200 m.

1:20 m. 1: 300 m.

1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.

1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.

1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.

1:75 m. 1:1000m.

Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.

Full size scale

The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm in width with the
numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale is convenient for
ratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000

Half size Scale

The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equals to 2 mm. with the calibration
numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is convenient for ratios of 1:20,
1:200, and 1:2000.
Table 5. Architectural Use Of Metric Scale

17
 USE RATIO COMPARISON TO 1 METER

1:2500 0.4 mm. equals to 1 m.

CITY MAP
1:1250 0.8 mm. equals to 1 m.
1:500 12 mm. equals to 1 m.
PLAT PLANS
1:200 5 mm. equals to 1 m.
1:100 10 mm. equals to 1 m.
PLOT PLANS
1: 80 12.5 mm. equals to 1m.
1:75 13.3 mm. equals to 1 m.
FLOOR PLANS 1:50 20 mm. equals to 1 m.
1:40 25 mm. equals to 1m.
1:20 50 mm. equals to 1m.
DETAILS 1:10 100 mm. equals to 1 m.
1:5 200 mm. equals to 1 m.

4. Schedule of Windows and Doors

A window and door schedule in a home build plan is the plan for when these items
are scheduled to be installed. Window and door schedules are essential when
planning a building project for your home in order to ensure their
and fit in the overall house building plan.
Window and door schedules are set based on the timing of other design elements
in the house plan such as framing for walls, the doors and windows and other
associated work. Having a schedule for windows and doors in the home plan helps
with project management and the process necessary to reduce building costs and
complete the home build.

Type: Aluminum Sliding

Window with 6 mm THK
colored Glass Anodized
Finished Integration with
Steel Grilles & Aluminum
Screen
Required: 4 sets

Figure 11. Sample Window Scheduling

18
 Type: Tanguile Single Faced Panel
Door with 50 mm Jamb in Valspar
Finished
Hinges: 3-3’ Yale Steel Hinges in
Chromium Finished
Lockset: Yale Stainless Steel Knob Type
Lockset with one Barrel Bolt in
Chromium Fin.
Required: 1Set

Figure 12. Sample Door Scheduling

What’s More

Activity 3. Directions. Given the floor plan below. Answer the following questions.
Use the given activity sheet for your answer.

3
5 4

ROOM 2

1
2

7
ROOM 1 6

19
For Items 1-7, what are the names of the signs/symbols found in the figure above?
1._____________________________ 5. ________________________

2. ____________________________ 6. ________________________
3. ____________________________ 7. ________________________

4. ___________________________
8. What is the dimension method being used in the figure?______________________

9. What is the area of room 1?_____________________

10. Are the area of room one and two the same? Why?

What I Have Learned

Directions. Answer the following questions. Use the given activity sheet for your
answer.

1. How can you identify the signs and symbols used in the drawing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How can you analyze the data indicated in the technical drawing?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 4. Directions: Analyze the given floor plan and elevation by answering the
following questions. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.

Picture A Picture B

20
 FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:50

1. How many doors are required in the floor plan? ______________

2. How many windows are there in the floor plan? ______________
3. What does the scale 1:50 mean? _____________________________
4. What is the area of the master’s bedroom in meter? __________

5. Based on the floor plan, which is the correct front elevation, picture A or picture
B? Why? ________________________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Encircle the letter of your answer. Use the given activity sheet for your
answer.

1. The symbol shown below is the representation of ____________.

a. Single kitchen
b. P-Trap
c. Tub
d. Shower

2. The symbol shown below is the representation of _______.

a. Duplex convenience outlet

21
 b. Door Outlet
c. Single receptacle outlet
d. Switch

3. Which of the following is the symbol of connected wires?

a.

b.

c.

d.

4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a.

b.

c.

d.

5. Which of the following provide a “common language” for drafters all over
the world?
a. Symbol
b. Lines
c. Dimension
d. Drawing

6. Which of the following illustrations is a representation of electrical symbol?

a.

b.

c.

d.

7. Which of the following is considered as orthographic drawing which shows the

exterior of the building?
a. elevation
b. section view
c. scale measurement
d symbol

22
8. Which of the following uses a ratio of 1:1?
a. scale
b. half size
c. full size
d. extra size

9. What is the comparison to 1 meter if the ratio used in the floor is 1:50?
a. 20 mm equals to 1 m
b. 50 mm equals to 1 m
c. 100 mm equals to 1 m
d. 60 mm equals to 1 m

10. What is the area of the master’s bedroom based on the figure below?

a. 20 m2
b. 16 m2
c. 30 m2
d. 4 m2

4.00 m

11. Why do we need to have door scheduling?

a. to ensure proper installation in the building.
b. to schedule the time of purchase
c. to determine the scope of work
d. both b and c

12. Why are symbols important in technical drawing?

a. Because they provide a “common language” for drafters all over the world
b. Because they will help improve the visual effect of the drawing
c. Because they will help in understanding the whole concept of the drawing
d. None of the above

13. Which of the following is the symbol of fluorescent lamp?

a.

b.

c.

d.

14. Which of the following is the representation of fuse symbol?

a.

23
 b.

c.

d.

15. The symbol shown below is the representation of __________.

a. Door
b. Window
c. Gate
d. Wire

Additional Activities

Directions: Draw the floor plan of your house and identify the signs and symbols
you use. Use your activity sheet for your answer.

24
25
References

Department of Mechanical Egineering and Mechanics, Drexel University. Fundamentals of

Computer Aided Design. .

DoityourselfStaff.com (Dec 24, 2009). What is a Window and Door Schedule in Home Plans?.
(Accessed June 01, 2020)
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design 4th edition The National Building
Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations 2005 (Accessed June 01,
2020)
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education. Mechanical Drafting.
May 30, 2020)

26
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph