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TLE- Carpentry
Module 7: Analyzing Signs,
Symbols, and Data
TLE- Carpentry Grade 7/8
Self- Learning Module (SLM)
Module 7: Analyzing Signs, Symbols, and Data
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Elvin L. Valerio
Editor: Joan Cher F. Yturalde
Reviewers: Mary Grace B. Leysa, Salvador F. Movilla
Illustrator: Jim Ryan S. Dela Cruz, Regina L. Fiel
Layout Artist: Jim Ryan S. Dela Cruz
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Leonardo M. Balala, CESE – Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Ismael M. Ambalgan – Chief, CID
Sheryl L. Osano – EPS, LRMS
Josevic F. Hurtada – EPS, ADM
Arnulfo D. Dinero – EPS, TLE

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
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TLE-Carpentry
Module 7: Analyzing Signs,
Symbols, and Data
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE Carpentry 7/8 Self- Learning Module (SLM) on Analyzing Signs,
Symbols, and Data!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the TLE-Carpentry 7, Self- Learning Module (SLM) on Analyzing Signs,

Symbols, and Data!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What Is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

Good day! How are you? Are you now ready for a new learning adventure? This
module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
Analyzing Signs, Symbols, and Data. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes your diverse
vocabulary. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the importance of
signs, symbols, and data in interpreting a work plan. Also, you are to determine
appropriate signs and symbols needed in a plan. (TLE_IACP7/8UT-0f-1).

What I Know

If you look around in the streets, you will probably notice lot of traffic signs and
symbols. These signs and symbols provide data or information that promote safety
and order as well as provide warning for potential hazards for drivers and pedestrians
alike.
In carpentry, we also use signs and symbols in creating a work plan. These signs
and symbols have precise and specific meaning. We must learn all these in order to
understand drawings and plans. Knowing the appropriateness of each sign and
symbol will also allow us to create our own carpentry plans, carry these out, and
produce an output.
But before we learn about it, let’s determine how much you already know about
analyzing signs, symbols and data. Do the exercises.

1
Pretest

A. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
A B

1. A light line used as axis of symmetry a. border line

2. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing b. centerline

3. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object c. construction
and start about 1/16” from visible or object line line

4. Very light line used to “block in” an object. These d. dimension line
lines are made so light that little or no erasing is
needed. They serve as base for darkening in the
permanent line

5. A thick line used to show edges and contours visible e. invisible line
to the eye.

6. A thick line used to show edges and contours not f. leader line
visible to the eye

7. A thin line used to indicate a part of an object being g. long break line
removed. This is used to shorten a view of a long
part.

8. Thin, solid lines and usually terminate in a single h. phantom line

arrowhead.

9. Thin lines used to indicate alternate position of the i. section line

parts of an object, repeated detail, or the location
of absent parts.

10. Also called crosshatch lines, used to distinguish between j. visible line
two separate parts that meet a given point and are
used to depict a particular type of material.

B. Examine the drawing presented. Identify the Alphabet of lines being pointed by
the number. Place your answer in your test notebook.

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 Lesson
Analyzing Signs, Symbols,
7 and Data

Are you now ready for Lesson 7? This lesson will provide you knowledge on
how to analyze signs, symbols, and data in carpentry. Enjoy learning!

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned about carrying out measurements and
calculations of the given materials using appropriate measuring tools and calculating
the amount of materials for a specific task.

To start with, it is just appropriate to have a mind and eye exercises.

Activity 1 - Ready, Search, Go!

Directions: Find and circle the words that you have encountered in the previous
lesson on carrying out measurements and calculations. Look for them in all
directions including backwards and diagonally. Do this in your activity sheet. Are
you ready? You may start now.

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 How did you do? Have you identified the important terms to remember in
carrying out measurements and calculations? Remember that there are two (2)
systems of measurement, the English and the Metric System. We also use different
units of measure such as yard, foot, inch, meter, decimeter, centimeter,
millimeter, and board foot. In reading measurements, it is important to know how
to take dimensions and convert units of measure.

Now, are you ready to learn a new lesson? Let us start!

Notes to the Teacher

Instruct your learners to prepare actual measuring

instruments like ruler or meter stick while studying this lesson.
Encourage them to perform all the exercises to enhance their
learning process.

What’s New

You have already demonstrated an understanding of the concepts and

underlying principles in performing measurements and calculations based on a given
task in carpentry. This time you will learn how to read and interpret drawings, signs,
and symbols based on standard specifications.
Get a piece of paper and draw a table using lines. What did you notice? Did
you use thick lines? In what specific part of the table? How about thin lines?
Great! Lines are part of a specialized graphic language in drawing plans like
in carpentry.

Drawing Signs and Symbols

Alphabet of Lines

Sketching orthographic lines requires the use of certain conventional lines

which we call Alphabet of Lines. The correct use of this “Alphabet of lines” is
essential in technical drawing whether using the traditional way or in words.

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 Type of Illustration Application Description
Line
Visible
Line/ A thick line used
Object Line to show edges
and contours
visible to the eye.

Hidden Line
It consists of
short evenly
spaced dashes,
outline hidden or
invisible
surfaces.

Dimension
Line, A light thin line
Extension used to show the
Line
sizes of the
object. Extension
line starts about
1/16” from
visible or object
line. The
dimension line is
broken near the
center for the
dimension.

Center line
A light line used
as axis of
symmetry. This
is used for center
of circle and
arcs.

Leader line
Thin, solid lines
and usually
terminate in a
single
arrowhead. It
indicates the
part or area of a

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 drawing to which
a number, note,
or other
reference
applies.

Cutting-
plane It consists of a
Or heavy dash
Viewing-
followed by two
plane lines
shorter
dashes. At each
end, it has a
short line at
right angles to
the cutting plane
line terminating
with arrowheads
pointing in the
direction
from which the
cut surface is
viewed.

Section
Lines It is also called
crosshatch lines,
used to
distinguish
between
two separate
parts that meet
at a given
point. These are
used to depict a
particular type of
material.

Short-break
line It indicates that
a part is
broken out or
removed either
to:
(1) show more
clearly the part

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 or parts that lie
directly below
the broken out
part
(2) to reduce the
size of
the drawing of a
long part having
uniform cross
section so that
it can be shown
on a smaller
sheet.

Long-break
line A thin line used
to indicate a part
of an object
being removed.
This is used to
shorten a view of
a long part.

Phantom
Line Thin lines used
to indicate
alternate positio
n of the parts of
an object,
repeated detail,
or the location of
absent parts.

Construction
Lines Very light line
used to “block
in” an object.
These lines are
made so light

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 that little or no
erasing is needed

Border line Heavy, solid line

used to frame in
the drawing.

Invisible line A thick line used

to show edges
and contours not
visible to the eye.

What is It

Uses of Alphabet of Lines

Each type of line in the Alphabet of Lines has a very precise meaning and is
used for a definite purpose. Study them closely to see the difference.

Visible line A thick line used to show edges and

contours visible to the eye.

Hidden Line Consists of short evenly spaced

dashes, outline hidden or invisible
surfaces.
Dimension Light thin lines used to show the
lines, sizes of the object. Extension lines
Extension start about 1/16” from visible or
lines object line. The dimension line is
broken near the center for the
dimension.

Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry

and used for center of circle and
arcs.

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Leader line Indicates the part or area of a
drawing to which a number, note, or
other reference applies. They are
thin, solid lines and usually
terminate in a single arrowhead.
Cutting Consists of a heavy dash
Plane Line followed by two shorter dashes. At
each end, it has a short line at right
angles to the cutting plane line
terminating with arrowheads
pointing in the direction from which
the cut surface is viewed.

Section Also called crosshatch lines, used to

Lines distinguish between two separate
parts that meet a given point. These
are used to depict a particular type
of material.

Short break Indicates that a part is broken out

Line or removed either to (1) show more
clearly the part or parts that lie
directly below the broken out part
(2) reduce the size of the drawing of
a long part having uniform cross
section so that it can be shown on
a smaller sheet.

Long break A thin line used to indicate a part of

line an object being removed. This is
used to shorten a view of a long part.

Phantom Thin lines used to

Lines indicate alternate position of the
parts of an object, repeated
detail, or the location of absent
parts.
Construction Very light lines used to “block in” an
lines object. These lines are made so light
that little or no erasing is needed.
They serve as base for darkening in
the permanent line.

Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in

the drawing.

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Invisible line A thick line used to show edges and
contours not visible to the eye.

What’s More

Activity 2 – Draw and Tell!

Directions: Complete the table by drawing and naming the Alphabet of Line being
described. Write your answer on your test booklet.

Illustration Type of line Description

A light line used as axis of
symmetry.

Thin, solid lines that usually

terminate in a single
arrowhead.

Thin lines used to

indicate alternate position of
the parts of an object,
repeated detail, or
the location of absent
parts.

Consists of short evenly

spaced dashes, outline
hidden or invisible surfaces.

Short, solid lines used to

show the limits of
dimensions. They may be
placed inside or outside
the outside the outline of
an object.

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 What I Have Learned

Just as you enjoy your journey until this point, it is proper to refresh you with
your newfound knowledge. Here are most of them.

1. The Alphabet of Lines are the conventional lines used in sketching or

orthographic drawing such as in drawing carpentry work plans.
2. Each type of line has a definitive purpose and symbolic meaning.
3. The most commonly used Alphabet of lines include the following:

• Visible line: A thick line used to show edges and contours

visible to the eye.

• Hidden Line: Consists of short evenly spaced dashes, outline

hidden or invisible surfaces.

• Dimension line: Light thin line used to show the sizes of the
object. Extension lines start about 1/16” from
visible or object line. The dimension line is broken
near the center for the dimension.

• Extension Lines: Short, solid lines used to show the limits of

dimensions. They may be placed inside or outside
the outside the outline of an object. They extend
from an outline or surface, but do not touch.

• Centerline: A light line used as axis of symmetry and used for

center of circle and arcs.

• Leader line: Indicates the part or area of a drawing to

which a number, note, or other reference
applies. They are thin, solid lines and usually
terminate in a single arrowhead.

• Cutting Plane Line: Consists of a heavy dash followed by two

shorter dashes. At each end, it has a short line
at right angles to the cutting plane line terminating
with arrowheads pointing in the direction
from which the cut surface is viewed.

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 • Section Lines: Also called crosshatch lines, used to distinguish
between two separate parts that meet a given
point. These are used to depict a particular type of
material.

• Short Break Line: Indicates that a part is broken out or

removed either to (1) show more clearly the part or
parts that lie directly below the broken-out part
(2) reduce the size of the drawing of a long part
having uniform cross section so that it can be
shown on a smaller sheet.

• Long break line: A thin line used to indicate a part of an

object being removed. This is used to shorten a
view of a long part.

• Phantom Lines: Thin lines used to indicate alternate position of

the parts of an object, repeated detail, or
the location of absent parts.

• Construction line: Very light line used to “block in” an object.

These lines are made so light that little or no
erasing is needed. They serve as base for darkening
in the permanent line.

• Borderline: Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing

• Invisible line: A thick line used to show edges and contours

not visible to the eye.

What I Can Do

Now that you have the knowledge of different signs and symbols used in drawing
work plans for carpentry, let us apply what you have learned.

In your test notebook, draw a stool with a circular head using the Alphabet of
Lines. Label the lines used.

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 Assessment

Hi! Are you now familiar with the signs and symbols used in carpentry work plan?
Let us check your learning. Do the activity below. Write your answer in your test
booklet.

Post Test

A. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing a. border line

2. A light line used as axis of symmetry b. centerline

3. A thick line used to show edges and contours visible to c. construction

the eye. line

4. Thin, solid lines and usually terminate in a single d. dimension line

arrowhead.

5. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object and e. invisible line
start about 1/16” from visible or object line

6. A thick line used to show edges and contours not visible f. leader line
to the eye

7. Heavy line drawn freehand for the same purpose as g. long break line
long break.

8. Very light line used to “block in” an object that serve as h. phantom lines
base for darkening in the permanent line

9. Thin lines used to indicate alternate position of the i. section line

parts of an object, repeated detail, or the location
of absent parts.

10. Also called crosshatch lines used to distinguish between j. visible line
two separate parts that meet a given point and are
used to depict a particular type of material.

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B. Look at the Illustration. Identify the kind of line presented.

Illustration Types of Lines

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C. Examine the drawing presented. Identify the Alphabet of lines being pointed by
the number. Place your answer in your test notebook.

Additional Activities

Create your own illustration applying your knowledge on the Alphabet of

Lines. Identify the type of lines used.

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 16
Assessment
Activity 2- A. B Assessment
1. a 1. Long break line C
Draw & Tell
2. b 2. Hidden line
3. j 3. Cutting line 1. Center line
1. Center line
4. h 4. Center line 2. Long break line
2. Leader line
3. Short break line
3. Phantom 5. d 5. Extension line
4. Section line
line 6. e
5. Leader line
4. Hidden line 7. g 6. Extension line
5. Extension 8. c 7. Dimension line
line 9. h 8. Visible line
10. i 9. Hidden line
10. Leader Line
Pre Test Activity 1- Ready, Search, Go!
A. 1. INCH
2. FEET
1. b 6. e 3. YARD
4. METER
2. a 7. g
5. ENGLISH
3. d 8. f 6. METRIC
7. BOARD FOOT
4. c 9. h 8. DIMENSION
5. j 10. i 9. DIAMETER
10.CONVERSION
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answer Key
References

Manuel, Fely L. and Dr. Orlando E. Manuel. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Carpentry Exploratory Course
Grade 7 and Grade 8. Pasig: Department of Education, 2016.

Cipriani, Rommel, Lines and their Uses in Orthographic Projection, May 18, 2018,
https://engineerharry.wordpress.com/2012/05/18/lines-and-their-uses-in-
orthographic-projection/.

The Alphabet of Lines in Technical Drawing,

https://www.umasd.org/cms/lib7/PA01000379/Centricity/Domain/325/The_Alp
habet_of_Lines.pdf.

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph