8

Technology and Livelihood Education

Technical Drafting
Module 3
Use of Tools and Equipment
Technology and Livelihood Education — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Week 1 — Module 3: Use of Tools and Equipment
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

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Management Team

Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

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Members: Elvira A. Almonte, EPS

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 8
Technology and Livelihood Education

Technical Drafting
Module 3
Use of Tools and Equipment
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About........................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know..................................................................................................................... i

How to Learn from this Module ……………….………………………………………………………...ii

Icons of this Module ………………….……………………………………………………………………ii

What I Know ………………………………………………………………………………………………...iii

Lesson 3 – Use of Tools and Equipment

LO 1. Prepare hand tools and equipment in technical drafting …………………………1

Hand Tools in Technical Drafting

What I Need to Know ……….……………………………………………………………1

What’s In: Recall ………………………………………………………………………….1

What’s New: Technical Drafting Materials and Tools ..………………………………1

What Is It: Different Drafting Materials and Tools Used ……………………………..2

What’s More: Crossword Puzzle ……………………………………………………….3

What I Have Learned: Generalization …………………………………………………4

What I Can Do: Draw to Complete …………………………………………………….4

Equipment in Technical Drafting

What I Need to Know ……………………………………………………………………6

What’s In: Recall ………..……………………………………………………………….6

What’s New: Technical Drafting Equipment …………..………………………………6

What Is It: Different Drafting Equipment ………………..……………………………..7

What’s More: Word Search …….……………………………………………………….9

What I Have Learned: Generalization …………………………………………………9

What I Can Do: Word Tiles ………....….……………………………………………….10

Where does it belong? ………………………………………………..10

Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………..11

Assessment: (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………….....12

Key to Answers ……………………………………………………………………………………13

References ………………………………………………………………………………………..14
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
Drafting is a form of communication that is technical and requires accuracy and
consistency. Technical drafting keep lines, symbols, and details as drawings are presented
with exact proportions. It allows you to see how the object will look once it has been
assembled. This is why drafting is the universal language of industry. Drafting is said to be
the universal language of engineers because they can read and understand it.

Technical drawing, also known as drafting, communicates visually how the plan
works and what the final output should be. Drafting is important for communicating ideas
between engineers, architects and even designers. It makes it easier to understand the
perspective of one’s point of view when using drawings. Drafters produce plans through
drawings to provide a visual and blueprints so that architects, engineers, and construction
workers can read and understand the whole plan.

Drafting tools are essential for drafters because it is used for layouts and provide
accurate measurement of a certain line, shape, or object. Basic tools such as pencil, paper,
and ruler are one of the important tools to start your drawing. Additionally, you will also need
measuring instruments such as rulers, triangles, protractors or compass for correct and
consistent measurements. Drafter use wide variety of drawing tools to show exact
measurements to draw proper proportions which are very critical.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to: (TLE_ICTTD7/8UT-0a-1)

1. List hand tools and equipment based on job requirement;

2. Identify appropriate hand tools and equipment; and
3. Classify hand tools and equipment according to function and task requirement.

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How to Learn from this Module
You are required to read the learning materials. Follow the activities and answer the
pre-test and post-test at the end of each learning activities.

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

1. Follow the directions and read the instructions carefully.

2. Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with
that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be
presented to you.

What Is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns
and situations.

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What I Know
 I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the drafting materials, tools
and instruments applicable to a particular job.

1. It is a tool used to draw vertical lines and more convenient when used with T-square.
A. Eraser B. Compass C. Erasing shield D. Triangle

2. It is to shield the remainder of the drawing whenever you are erasing smudges
and/or unwanted pencil lines.
A. Ruler B. Compass C. Erasing shield D. Drawing pencil

3. A drafting material used to secure the drawing paper on the table or on a board.
A. Eraser B. T-square C. Ruler D. Masking tape

4. This is a tool typically used in reproducing a drawing to enlarge or reduce its form to
some regular proportion.
A. Triangular scales B. T-square C. Ruler D. Masking tape

5. It is a semi-circular instrument divided into 180-degree equal components.

A. T-square B. Protractor C. Compass D. Ruler

II. Matching Type

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write ONLY the letter of your chosen answer.

Column A Column B
1. A type of T-square where the top is adjustable and A. Divider
used just for occasional drawing.
2. This is a drawing instrument used to transfer B. Detachable Head
measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the
specified range of equal components.
3. It cleans the dirt off the drawing. C. Pencil sharpener
4. A type of T-square designed for comfort in carrying D. Eraser
the drafting instrument.
5. Pencils ought to be sharpened whenever they show E. Adjustable Head
sign of dullness. F. Drawing pencil

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Lesson Hand tools in Technical
1 Drafting

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
LO 1.1. List hand tools and equipment based on job requirement;
LO 1.2 Identify appropriate hand tools and equipment.

What’s In

Activity 1: Recall
Direction: Give the complete name of the given abbreviation and give an one example for
each of the given name.
Description/Name Example
Example: The store is near the highway street
S Strength so customers can easily see and visit
our store.
W
O
T

What’s New

Activity 2: Drafting Tools and Materials

Directions: Name the different drawing tools and equipment shown below. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your answers.

Drawing Tools/Instruments Drawing Tools/Instruments

1. 2.

1
 3. 4.

5.

What Is It

The drafting materials and tools mentioned in the previous lesson includes the basic
ones but essential for your initial understanding about technical drawing.

DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

PICTURE/ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION
Drawing Paper

There are varieties of drawing papers available

in the market. Hard and soft surface drawing
papers are extremely suggested to be the most
effective. This sort of papers does not hollow
easily when pressure is applied to the pencil.
Oslo paper is usually used however you can
use bond paper as it is also suggested.
Masking tape

This is used for fastening the paper on the work

table as a result it will keep the paper steady so
it is easier to move the tools around while
drawing.
Pencil sharpener

Pencils ought to be sharpened whenever they

show sign of dullness. There are different
kinds and styles available in the market you
can purchase.
Eraser
It cleans the dirt off the drawing. A soft ones
are advantageous in removing smudges and
pencil marks, whereas, a solid eraser is
beneficial for creating changes and correcting
errors within the drawing.
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 Ruler

Ruler is the preferred measuring tool especially

for beginners. Most rulers are 6 or 12 inches
long. It is required when drawing sizes and
distances.

What’s More

Activity 3: Crossword puzzle

Directions: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue.

1 2 3 4

6
R U L E R
5

Across
2. This is used for fastening the paper on
the work table as a result it will keep the
paper steady so it is easier to move the
tools around while drawing.
5. It cleans the dirt off the drawing.
Example:
6. Preferred measuring tool especially for
beginners. It is 6 or 12 inches long.
Down
1. It is a material use to draw on by a pencil
or pen.
3. Pencils ought to be sharpened whenever
they show sign of dullness.
4. This is a tool typically used in reproducing
a drawing to enlarge or reduce its form to
some regular proportion.

3
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Generalization
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Why are drafting materials and tools important?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Draw to Complete

Directions: Complete the table below by drawing the tools and equipment used in drafting.
An example is given for your guidance.
No Drawing Function/Description
.
Example: Drawing Paper

Drawing paper is a material use to draw

on by a pencil or pen.

1. Ruler

2. Erasing Shield

3. Eraser

4. Pencil

5. Triangular Scales

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Scoring Rubrics
 Criteria 4 3 2 1
Have written Have written all Have written 2- Have written
correct 4 correct 3 correct only 1 correct
Content functions of all functions of functions of function of tool/
tools/ tools/equipment tools/ equipment.
equipment. . equipment.
All drawings are Completed 4 Completed 2-3 Completed only
Completenes completed as drawings of drawings of 1 drawing of
s required. tool/equipment. tool/ tool/ equipment.
equipment.
All drawings are There are 4 There are 2-3 Only 1 drawing
accurate. drawings are drawings are is accurate.
Accuracy
accurate. accurate.

Drawings are Drawings are Only few Neither neat nor

exceptionally neat and good. drawings are good at all.
Neatness
neat. neat and good.

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 Lesson Equipment in Technical
2 Drafting

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, the learner is expected to:
LO 1.3. Classify hand tools and equipment according to function and task
requirement.

What’s In

We have learned in Lesson 1 about the different materials and hand tools use in
drafting. These are the most basic hand tools but essential in technical drafting.

Activity 1: Recall
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Identify what tool or drafting material is being
described.
1. It is a material use to draw on by a pencil or pen.
2. Pencils ought to be sharpened whenever they show sign of dullness.
3. This is a tool typically used in reproducing a drawing to enlarge or reduce its form to
some regular proportion.
4. This is used for fastening the paper on the work table as a result it will keep the
paper steady so it is easier to move the tools around while drawing.
5. It cleans the dirt off the drawing.

What’s New

Activity 2: Drafting Equipments

Directions: Name the different drawing tools and equipment shown below.
No
Drawing Tools/Instruments No. Drawing Tools/Instruments
.
1. 2.

6
 3. 4.

5.

What Is It

DRAWING EQUIPMENT
These are variety of equipment employed in drafting. It is essential for drafters to
accurately draw objects, lines and curves with precise dimension. Measurements should be
uniform so individuals have common understanding and application within the production
and use of constructed objects.

PICTURE/ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION
T-Square

Drawing equipment used to draw horizontal

lines. Additionally, it can be used for guiding
triangles in drawing vertical lines. It is made
from wood, plastic or the mix of each.

Types of T-square:

Fixed Head - the top is mounted to the

blade. This type of t-square is used for
normal work.

Movable Head or Adjustable Head - the top

is adjustable and used just for occasional
drawing.

Detachable Head or Removable Head -

designed for comfort in carrying the drafting
instrument.

Source: K to 12 BEC Learning Module – Mechanical Drafting Grade 7/8 Exploratory Course

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 PICTURE/ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION
Triangle

A three-sided ruler that has usually two

equal sides with a 90 degree angle and its
third side is at 30, 45, or 60 degree angle.
Made of plastic and comes in numerous
sizes. If in use, the bottom of the Triangle
should rest on the T-square's blade.
Drawing vertical lines should start from the
bottom going upward.

Commonly used triangles are:

a) 30x60 degrees
b) 45x45 degrees

Compass

Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw

when using this equipment. It is identical to a
divider; however compass has a pen leg and
a needle point on another leg bind with a
handle. This drawing instrument is used for
pencilling and inking.

Divider

Drawing equipment used to transfer

measurements, dividing lines and arcs into
the specified range of equal components. It
simply transfers correct measurements by
adjusting the divider points. Constant
practice is critical before doing an actual and
final drawing so that you can use it with
ease.

Protractor

It is a semi-circular instrument divided into

180-degree equal components. It determines
the gradations of the degrees in calculating
arcs, angles and circles. Prime quality of
protractors is typically made from plastic.

Source: K to 12 BEC Learning Module – Mechanical Drafting Grade 7/8 Exploratory Course

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Word Search

Directions: There are ten (10) different drafting tools and drawing equipment that can be
found in the puzzle. An example is given for your guidance.

B Y A T T S W C C U E U Y S Q D
E O P R V H P R O T R A C T O R
O P M R V X W A M Q A U L V E A
B H I B A N B W P A S J A Y L W
U T L U K R E V A D E N I P C I
M Y H V W Z E A S Q R U V U S N
U U P P X M B T S P G Y L Y S G
T S C I J A Q S T R S L E I I P
Y S E R A S I N G S H I E L D A
E H K R C K B O Y P P Y P A E P
D A Z T R I Y E N L E L C K Q E
A R L T I N L G H D I V I D E R
Y P E Y O G B I Z B Z C B D Z B
G E H T N T I W O W O N N M M R
F N D A C A K O D S T Q Y E I L
Q E I J E P A W A Y T Q U L P B
A R E Y J E K P B A B Y N T R E
T M T E Z U U E T M A N N A R I
S S B U R E B R B I F R I E D B
S S I Y R Q U R Y E B P R B A R

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Generalization
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the purpose of technical drafting?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Why is drafting equipment important?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5: Word Tiles

Directions: Rearrange the letter to create a word that best describes each of the given
statements below. An example is given for your guidance.

No. Equipment Function/Description

Q T U S R A E Drawing equipment used to draw
Example: horizontal lines. Additionally, it can be
used for guiding triangles in drawing
Answer: T-SQUARE vertical lines.
1. E G A R T I N L A three-sided ruler that has usually two
equal sides with a 90 degree angle and
its third side is at 30, 45, or 60 degree
angle.
2. M O P C A S S Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw
when using this equipment.

3. T R O O P C R A R T It determines the gradations of the

degrees in calculating arcs, angles and
circles.
4. R E D D I V I Drawing equipment used to transfer
measurements, dividing lines and arcs
into the specified range of equal
components.

Activity 6: Where does it belong?

Directions: Group the tools and equipment according to their function and task requirement

Ruler Pencil Compass

Eraser T-square Paper

Basic Materials and Tools Measuring Tool

1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.

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Summary

Engineers, architects and industrial designers understand the importance of technical

drawing in planning, developing, constructing and manufacturing. It is a language that these
group of people in the industry can understand by just looking at the drawing. Drawing is one
of the universal language that everyone can easily recognize. Drawing or illustrating
techniques has variety of techniques and styles.The primary purpose of drafting is to give
you the essential information and skills which will lead you in basic technical drafting skills,
drawing conventions and necessary tools employed.
A practitioner of this field is called a drafter. A drafter possesses the skills in using
different drawing tools and instruments to help him produce output with consistency,
accuracy and speed.

Drawing equipment are used for drawing purposes to produce accurate

measurements.These equipment are also used for layouts to interpret lines, objects and
symbols. It is detailed with measurements to make sure that there is concise proportion for
clear interpretation by engineers and architects. Even designers used these equipment to
relay their idea through drawing. It is essential to understand what these equipment are and
how they are properly used in a certain task to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in
production.
Great technical drawings will usually minimize delays in production because it is
clear, concise and in detail. Technical drawings ought to be correct, and written in step with
business standards. Distinguishing the correct drafting tools and instruments to be used
ought to be consistent to the function and task requirement.
It is vital to understand your tools and equipment well, so knowing the fundamental
tools and instrument in drafting may be a great way to begin making things right.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the drafting materials, tools
and instruments applicable to a particular job.

1. Type of pencils that are very helpful for designs and art work of assorted kinds.
A. Eraser B. Compass C. Protractor D. Soft pencils

2. Type of pencils that are used for general purposes in drawing.

A. Eraser B. Pencil sharpener C. Medium pencils D. Soft pencils

3. A material that comes in variety and is used to draw on.

A. Divider B. Protractor C. Compass D. Drawing paper

4. Type of pencils used when extreme accuracy is needed particularly when drawing
graphs, diagrams and charts.
A. Hard pencils B. Soft pencils C. Ruler D. Eraser

5. Type of t-square where the top is mounted to the blade and is used for normal work.
A. Divider B. Fixed Head C. Triangle D. Protractor

II. Matching Type

Directions: Match column A with column B. Write ONLY the letter of your chosen answer.
Column A Column B
1. Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw when A. T-square
using this instrument.
2. It is a drawing instrument used to draw horizontal B. Drawing pencil
lines.
3. A tool most preferred for measuring especially for C. Triangle
beginners.
4. This is the foremost vital tool in drawing. It comes in D. Ruler
varied grades.
5. A three-sided ruler that has usually two equal sides E. Compass
with a 90 degree angle and its third side is at 30,
45, or 60 degree angle. F. Eraser

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 Key to Answers

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References
Dante B. Bernas and Mirasol F. Dasig; K to 12 BEC TLE Learning Module - Mechanical
Drafting for Grade 7/8; Module

Lamberto Dionisio, et al; K to 12 BEC TLE Learning Module - Mechanical Drafting for Grade
7/8

Drafting Equipment: http://kmhs.typepad.com/files/ch_03.pdf

Technical Drawing Tool: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing_tool

Ned Millis; What Tools Are Used for Technical Drawings?

https://careertrend.com/list-6570934-tools-used-technical-drawings-.html

Technical Drawing by Northern Architecture

https://www.northernarchitecture.us/building-codes/technical-drawing.html

FlipHTML5 – Fundamentals of Engineering Drawings

http://online.fliphtml5.com/rmjj/cfsj/#p=1

Drawing Practice: Drawing Instruments and Materials (with video)

http://basictechnologynotes.blogspot.com/2013/10/jss-1-topic-5-drawing-practice-
drawing.html

Introduction to Engineering Drawing (video clip)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4xZmBpXIzQ

Drafting Tools by Alvin Drafting (video clips for tutorials)

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ7jO-mt2Ya9p6DaywhUijQZsrapLHmCD

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Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088 328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph